Core Glossary
Core Glossary — Zechariah (English → Spanish)
Section 1 — Terms Reused Exactly from the Romans Baseline
| # | Term (English) | Baseline Spanish | Risk | Doctrine (Zechariah context) | Chapters | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | David | David | Low | Davidic Covenant / Messianic King | 12 | REUSED — baseline |
| 2 | Israel | Israel | Low | Sovereign Plan for His People | throughout | REUSED — baseline |
| 3 | covenant | pacto | High | Davidic Covenant; Blood of the Covenant (9:11); broken covenant (11:10) | 9, 11 | REUSED — baseline |
| 4 | peace | paz | Medium (elevated to High at 9:10, see notes) | The King’s global peace-proclamation (9:10) | 9 | REUSED — baseline, risk elevated in this context |
| 5 | sin | pecado | Medium | Fountain opened for sin (13:1); iniquity removed (3:4, adjacent) | 3, 13 | REUSED — baseline |
| 6 | holy | santo | Medium | ”Holy to the LORD” universalized holiness (14:20) | 14 | REUSED — baseline |
| 7 | prophet / prophecy | profeta / profecía | Low | False prophets purged (13:2-5); the oracle/burden genre (9:1) | 9, 13 | REUSED — baseline |
| 8 | kingdom_of_god (conceptual parallel) | reino de Dios | Medium | ”The LORD will be king over all the earth” (14:9) | 9, 14 | REUSED — baseline, applied to OT universal-kingship texts |
| 9 | incarnation (conceptual parallel) | encarnación | High | God’s indwelling presence (2:10-11); background for the humble King (9:9) | 2, 9 | REUSED — baseline, applied typologically |
| 10 | holy_spirit (conceptual continuity) | Espíritu Santo | Critical | ”Not by might… but by my Spirit” (4:6); “spirit of grace” (12:10) | 4, 12 | REUSED — baseline, with OT-to-NT continuity teaching note required |
| 11 | intercession (conceptual parallel) | intercesión | Critical | Repentant “supplications” produced by the Spirit (12:10, תַחֲנוּנִים) | 12 | REUSED — baseline, adjacent sense; flag for theologian review |
| 12 | providence | providencia | High | Sovereign governance of the four winds/chariots (6:1-8) | 6 | REUSED — baseline |
| 13 | grace (lexical family) | gracia | High | ”Spirit of grace” (12:10) — distinct nuance, see Section 2 note | 12 | REUSED — baseline lexeme; doctrinal nuance flagged |
| 14 | gentiles (deliberately NOT used — see “nations” below) | — | — | goyim throughout is rendered “naciones,” not “gentiles” | 2, 8, 9, 14 | NOTE — baseline term retained for NT ἔθνη only |
Section 2 — New Terms Proposed for This Curriculum
| # | Term (English gloss) | Hebrew | Transliteration | Spanish Rendering | Risk | Doctrine | Chapters | Alternatives Rejected | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 15 | the LORD (covenant name YHWH) | יְהוָה | YHWH | Jehová (in the compound “Jehová de los ejércitos” etc.) | Critical | Visions of God’s Sovereign Plan; underlies all other doctrines | throughout | ”SEÑOR” (small caps, NVI/DHH/LBLA convention); “el Eterno” | Distinct from baseline lord = “Señor” (used for κύριος/Jesus). RV1960/RVA2015 convention (matching baseline’s stated register) uses “Jehová” for the tetragrammaton. CRITICAL because the New Testament’s application of Zechariah’s YHWH-texts to Jesus (esp. 12:10, 14:9) is a load-bearing deity-of-Christ argument; the Spanish rendering must keep “Jehová” and “Señor” distinguishable in the text while the teaching notes draw the identification explicitly. |
| 16 | LORD of hosts | יְהוָה צְבָאוֹת | YHWH Tseva’ot | Jehová de los ejércitos | Critical | Visions of God’s Sovereign Plan | 1 (and ~50+ occurrences throughout) | “el Señor Todopoderoso” (NVI); “Jehová Sebaot” (transliterated, some traditions) | Dominant divine title of the book; must render consistently every occurrence per Theological Consistency Rules. |
| 17 | king (Messianic) | מֶלֶךְ | melek | rey | Critical | The Coming Messianic King | 9, 14 | — | Must always be taught alongside baseline messiah = “Mesías” (Critical); never softened to indefinite “un rey.” |
| 18 | the Branch | צֶמַח | tsemach | el Vástago | Critical | The Coming Messianic King | 3, 6 | ”el Renuevo” (accepted ecumenical alternative, note only); “el brote/retoño” (rejected as primary — too weak as a title) | Capitalize; teach as a fixed Messianic title, not a botanical metaphor. |
| 19 | a priest on his throne | כֹּהֵן עַל־כִּסְאוֹ | kohen al-kis’o | sacerdote sobre su trono | High | The Coming Messianic King | 6 | — | Requires explicit bridge to Hebrews’ Melchizedekian priest-king Christology. |
| 20 | having salvation / saved (Niphal) | נוֹשָׁע | nosha’ | salvador (with mandatory passive-voice teaching note) | Critical | The Coming Messianic King; Salvation | 9 | ”salvado” (literal MT passive — rejected as primary rendering per RV1960/RVA2015 tradition, but MUST be preserved in the teaching note) | Single highest-nuance lexical decision in the core passage; see 07_semantic_analysis.md §9:9 for full argument. |
| 21 | righteous (of the King) | צַדִּיק | tsaddiq | justo | Critical | The Coming Messianic King; connects to Salvation | 9 | — | Reuses baseline justicia word-family; must be distinguished from, yet connected to, baseline imputed_righteousness. |
| 22 | his dominion / his rule | מֶמְשַׁלְתּוֹ | memshalto | su señorío | Critical | The Coming Messianic King | 9 | ”su dominio” (more neutral alternative — rejected as primary in favor of RV1960’s “señorío,” which intentionally echoes baseline lord = “Señor”) | Deliberate, positive resonance with Christ’s Lordship doctrine; must be taught explicitly, confirmed by theologian review. |
| 23 | speak peace to the nations | דִּבֶּר שָׁלוֹם לַגּוֹיִם | dibber shalom lagoyim | hablar paz a las naciones | High | The Coming Messianic King; Unity of Jews and Gentiles (typological) | 9 | — | “Naciones,” never “gentiles,” for goyim in OT covenant-historical contexts. |
| 24 | nations (goyim, OT usage) | גּוֹיִם | goyim | naciones | Medium | Restoration; Unity of Jews and Gentiles (typological) | 2, 8, 9, 14 | ”gentiles” (rejected as primary rendering for OT goyim; reserved for NT ἔθνη per baseline) | Distinguishes OT-covenant-historical “nations” register from the Pauline Jew/Gentile technical contrast. |
| 25 | I am jealous / zealous (for Zion) | קִנֵּאתִי | qinneti | tengo celos / celo | High | God’s Zeal for Zion | 1, 8 | ”estoy enojado” (too weak — loses covenantal-love nuance); “estoy obsesionado” (rejected — wrong register) | Must be taught as protective covenant love (cf. Exodus 20:5), not petty interpersonal jealousy, the everyday connotation of “celos” in colloquial Spanish. |
| 26 | I will dwell in your midst | שָׁכַנְתִּי בְתוֹכֵךְ | shakhanti betokekh | habitaré en medio de ti | High | Restoration of Jerusalem and the Temple | 2 | — | Forerunner of incarnational “dwelling” language; connects to baseline incarnation. |
| 27 | the covenant formula (“I will be their God…”) | וְהָיִיתִי לָהֶם לֵאלֹהִים וְהֵם יִהְיוּ־לִי לְעָם | vehayiti lahem l’Elohim vehem yihyu-li l’am | yo seré su Dios, y ellos serán mi pueblo | High | Restoration of Jerusalem and the Temple | 8 | — | Canonical formula continued into the NT church (2 Corinthians 6:16; Revelation 21:3); flag for cross-curriculum consistency. |
| 28 | thirty pieces of silver | שְׁלֹשִׁים כָּסֶף | shloshim kasef | treinta piezas de plata | Critical | Visions of God’s Sovereign Plan (fulfilled prophecy) | 11 | ”treinta monedas de plata” (acceptable variant — flag for consistency decision, do not mix within one document) | Directly and specifically cited in Matthew 26–27 re: Judas; numeral/unit must never vary across documents. |
| 29 | strike the shepherd | הַכֵּה הָרֹעֶה | hakeh haro’eh | Hiere al pastor | Critical | The Coming Messianic King; The Piercing | 13 | — | Directly quoted by Jesus of himself (Matthew 26:31; Mark 14:27); render identically wherever it recurs. |
| 30 | they will look on me, whom they have pierced | וְהִבִּיטוּ אֵלַי אֵת אֲשֶׁר־דָּקָרוּ | vehibbitu elai et asher-daqaru | mirarán a mí, a quien traspasaron | CRITICAL — highest-priority term in the book | The Piercing of the One They Have Pierced | 12 | ”a quien atravesaron” (acceptable variant, note only); “a quien hirieron” (REJECTED — too weak, loses the piercing/weapon force); shifting to third person “a él” (REJECTED — destroys the first-person YHWH self-identification) | Directly quoted in John 19:37; echoed in Revelation 1:7. Deity-of-Christ load-bearing text. Mandatory theologian review on every occurrence; see 07_semantic_analysis.md §Chapter 12 for full argument. |
| 31 | a fountain opened for sin and impurity | מָקוֹר נִפְתָּח לְחַטָּאת וּלְטֻמְאָה | maqor niftach lechatat ultum’ah | una fuente abierta para el pecado y la impureza | High | The Piercing (direct sequel); Sanctification (typological) | 13 | — | Reuses baseline sin = “pecado” exactly; teach as direct consequence of 12:10. |
| 32 | the remnant (one-third remains) | הַשְּׁלִשִׁית / שְׁאֵרִית | hashlishit / she’erit | el remanente / la tercera parte | Medium | Visions of God’s Sovereign Plan for His People | 13 | — | Judgment-with-preservation pattern; connects to providence. |
| 33 | Day of the LORD | יוֹם־בָא לַיהוָה | yom-ba l’YHWH | el día de Jehová | High | Visions of God’s Sovereign Plan; eschatological horizon of all doctrines | 14 | ”el día del Señor” (NT-register alternative — flag for cross-curriculum/whole-canon consistency decision, since both name the same eschatological reality) | Uses “Jehová” per new entry #15 above; reconcile with NT phrase at the whole-canon Phase 1 level. |
| 34 | the LORD will be king over all the earth | וְהָיָה יְהוָה לְמֶלֶךְ עַל־כָּל־הָאָרֶץ | vehayah YHWH lemelekh al-kol-ha’aretz | Jehová será rey sobre toda la tierra | Critical | The Coming Messianic King (climax) | 14 | — | Teach as the same reign inaugurated humbly in 9:9-10; theologian review required to draw the canonical line to the New Testament. |
| 35 | apple of his eye | בָּבַת עֵינוֹ | bavat eino | niña de su ojo | Medium | God’s Zeal for Zion | 2 | ”algo muy precioso” (rejected — flattens the idiom) | Retain established Spanish Bible idiom. |
| 36 | measuring line | קֶו מִדָּה | qav middah | cordel de medir | Low | Restoration of Jerusalem and the Temple | 2 | — | |
| 37 | not by might, nor by power, but by my Spirit | לֹא בְחַיִל וְלֹא בְכֹחַ כִּי בְרוּחִי | lo bechayil velo bechoach ki beruchi | no con ejército, ni con fuerza, sino con mi Espíritu | High | Visions of God’s Sovereign Plan | 4 | — | Bridge OT “my Spirit” to baseline holy_spirit. |
| 38 | the satan / the accuser | הַשָּׂטָן | hasatan | Satanás / el acusador | Medium | The Coming Messianic King (courtroom scene); Grace (typological) | 3 | — | Note definite-article, role-based Hebrew usage. |
| 39 | filthy garments | בְּגָדִים צֹאִים | begadim tso’im | vestiduras viles | Low | Sanctification (typological) | 3 | — | |
| 40 | idols / household gods | תְּרָפִים | terafim | ídolos | Medium | Visions of God’s Sovereign Plan | 10 | — | Distinguish from consultation of saints/spirits in regional folk piety. |
| 41 | cornerstone | פִּנָּה | pinnah | piedra angular | Medium | The Coming Messianic King (typological) | 10 | — | Flag NT connection (Ephesians 2:20; 1 Peter 2:6). |
| 42 | worthless shepherd | רֹעֶה אֱלִיל | ro’eh elil | pastor inútil | Medium | The Coming Messianic King (negative counterpoint) | 11 | — | |
| 43 | I broke my covenant | וָאֶפְרֹ אֶת־בְּרִיתִי | va’efror et-briti | anulé mi pacto | High | Restoration; covenant-family term | 11 | — | Reuses baseline covenant = “pacto.” |
| 44 | Holy to the LORD | קֹדֶשׁ לַיהוָה | qodesh l’YHWH | Santidad a Jehová | Medium | Restoration of Jerusalem and the Temple | 14 | — | Reuses baseline holy = “santo,” combined with new entry #15 (“Jehová”). |
| 45 | no more trader/Canaanite in the house of the LORD | כְנַעֲנִי | kena’ani | mercader (with footnote on Hebrew double meaning) | Medium | Restoration of Jerusalem and the Temple | 14 | ”cananeo” (rejected as unqualified primary rendering — risks reading as an ethnic slur without the clarifying gloss) |
Section 3 — Risk Summary for This Curriculum
| Risk Tier | Count (new + reused-with-elevated-note) | Review Routing |
|---|---|---|
| Critical | 11 | Human theologian (mandatory on every occurrence) |
| High | 12 | Human theologian |
| Medium | 15 | Native speaker review |
| Low | 7 | Automated review |
Highest-priority term for Phase 2: #30, “they will look on me, whom they have pierced” (Zechariah 12:10) — the explicit curriculum doctrine “The Piercing of the One They Have Pierced,” and the term with the greatest deity-of-Christ doctrinal weight in the entire book.
Second-priority term: #20, “having salvation / saved” (Zechariah 9:9, נוֹשָׁע) — the single most consequential grammatical-voice decision in the core passage, requiring a mandatory translator note on every occurrence.
Structural note for translation_memory.json integration: Entries #15–#16 (Jehová / Jehová de los ejércitos) should be added as new top-level terms distinct from baseline’s lord, since Zechariah is saturated with the covenant name YHWH in a way the Romans (NT epistle) baseline never required the team to formalize. Failure to add this distinction risks either (a) collapsing YHWH into “Señor” throughout an Old Testament prophetic book, flattening the OT/NT titular distinction the baseline itself relies on for Romans 10:9, or (b) inconsistent ad hoc renderings across Phase 2 workers.
Critical Risk Terms
Holy Spirit
Approved rendering: Espíritu Santo
Transliteration: pneuma hagion (Greek); ruach (Hebrew, ‘my Spirit’ at 4:6, 12:10)
Doctrine: Spirit-Empowered Restoration
Rejected alternatives: una fuerza impersonal, un espíritu guía o ancestral
Original: רוּחִי / רוּחַ
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. NOTE: the Romans-baseline translation_memory.json records this term as High risk, while the baseline bible_term_registry.json records it as Critical; this Zechariah package resolves that internal baseline discrepancy by adopting Critical, matching this curriculum’s own bible_term_registry.json entry, because Zechariah’s pre-Pentecost ‘mi Espíritu’ language (4:6; 12:10) requires an explicit, mandatory bridging note to the fully Trinitarian Person taught in Romans, without which the reference risks being read as an impersonal empowering force.
Intercession
Approved rendering: intercesión
Transliteration: hyperentynchanei / enteuxis (Greek); tachanunim (Hebrew, adjacent sense)
Doctrine: Prayer and Intercession
Rejected alternatives: intercesión de los santos o de la Virgen como mediadores necesarios ante Dios
Original: תַחֲנוּנִים
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package, reserved EXCLUSIVELY for the Spirit’s and Christ’s direct intercession for believers (Romans 8:26-27, 34). CRITICAL FENCING DECISION for this curriculum: Zechariah 12:10’s ‘ruach… tachanunim’ (the people’s own Spirit-produced repentant supplication) must NOT be rendered ‘intercesión’; render it ‘oración / súplica’ instead (see the separate entry under ‘grace’ below, which carries the full 12:10 phrase). Keeping these two lexically distinct prevents the people’s own repentance-prayer from being confused with Christ’s/the Spirit’s mediatorial intercession for them.
Messiah
Approved rendering: Mesías
Transliteration: Mashiach (Hebrew) / Christos (Greek)
Doctrine: The Coming Messianic King; Messianic Promise
Rejected alternatives: un ungido más, entre otros santos o profetas venerados
Original: מָשִׁיחַ (conceptual; cf. מְשִׁיחִים, 4:14)
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package. Must be taught explicitly alongside every occurrence of ‘rey’ (king_messianic), ‘el Vástago’ (the_branch), and ‘sacerdote sobre su trono’ (priest_on_his_throne) so learners connect Zechariah’s royal and priestly-royal figures to the single, exclusive Messiah fulfilled in Jesus, not to one exalted figure among many venerated intercessors.
Lord
Approved rendering: Señor
Transliteration: kyrios (Greek)
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ (typological anticipation)
Rejected alternatives: Señor mío (devotional-only)
Inherited from Romans package, reserved for New Testament-facing use (κύριος/Jesus, Romans 10:9). In Zechariah, must remain visually and lexically DISTINCT from ‘Jehová’ within the Old Testament text itself (see the_lord_yhwh entry), while teaching notes draw the canonical line explicitly at 9:10 (‘su señorío,’ dominion_sea_to_sea) and 14:9 (‘Jehová será rey,’ king_over_all_earth) to ‘Jesús es el Señor.‘
God
Approved rendering: Dios
Transliteration: Elohim (Hebrew) / theos (Greek)
Doctrine: God’s Covenant Name and Sovereign Title
Original: אֱלֹהִים
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. Used as the party of the covenant formula (8:8) and the object of the people’s returning (1:3); no new risk beyond the general ‘Jehová/Señor’ fencing documented at the_lord_yhwh.
Salvation
Approved rendering: salvación
Transliteration: sōtēria (Greek); yasha’ root (Hebrew)
Doctrine: Salvation; The Coming Messianic King
Rejected alternatives: salvarse por buenas obras, merecer el cielo mediante sacramentos y penitencia
Original: הוֹשַׁעְתִּי
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Reused exactly in ‘salvaré a mi pueblo’ (8:7, hoshati); folk-Catholic piety’s framing of deliverance as a lifelong, negotiated outcome must be explicitly contrasted with this text’s decisive, God-initiated act. Also underlies (in modified, active-voice form) the core-passage term ‘salvador’ — see having_salvation entry below.
Righteousness
Approved rendering: justicia
Transliteration: dikaiosynē (Greek); tsedeq (Hebrew)
Doctrine: The Coming Messianic King (righteous King)
Rejected alternatives: rectitud moral autónoma, mérito acumulado
Inherited from Romans package. The King’s own attribute ‘justo’ (tsaddiq, 9:9 — see righteous_king entry below) shares this word-family; must be taught as connected to, yet distinct from, imputed_righteousness (the King’s own righteous character is the ground on which imputed righteousness is later granted to believers).
Imputed Righteousness
Approved rendering: justicia imputada
Transliteration: elogisthē autō eis dikaiosynēn (Greek, Romans 4:3)
Doctrine: Justification by Faith (typological connection to the Messianic King’s righteousness)
Rejected alternatives: justicia infundida
Inherited from Romans package. ‘Justicia infundida’ remains permanently forbidden. Zechariah 9:9’s ‘justo’ (the King’s own righteousness) must be taught as CONNECTED to, but not IDENTICAL with, this baseline forensic doctrine: the King’s personal righteous standing is the ground on which imputed righteousness is granted to believers under the New Covenant.
The Lord Yhwh
Approved rendering: Jehová
Transliteration: YHWH
Doctrine: God’s Covenant Name and Sovereign Title
Rejected alternatives: el Eterno, SEÑOR (versalitas, convención católica moderna)
Original: יְהוָה
Category: God
NEW ENTRY — no Romans-baseline counterpart (the NT epistles never render the tetragrammaton). Renders יְהוָה per RV1960/RVA2015 convention, kept lexically DISTINCT from baseline ‘lord’ = ‘Señor’ (reserved for Jesus/κύριος). CRITICAL DOUBLE RISK: (1) ‘Jehová’ is also the primary self-designation of Testigos de Jehová (Jehovah’s Witnesses), a group that explicitly denies Christ’s full deity — the opposite of what Zechariah 12:10 and 14:9 are used to prove; (2) without a repeated teaching bridge, learners may unconsciously separate ‘Jehová’ and ‘Jesús/Señor’ into two unequal beings. MANDATORY teaching note at every dense occurrence (ch. 1, ch. 14, and especially 12:10) stating ‘Jehová’ and ‘Señor’ name the same one God.
Lord Of Hosts
Approved rendering: Jehová de los ejércitos
Transliteration: YHWH Tseva’ot
Doctrine: God’s Covenant Name and Sovereign Title; Visions of God’s Sovereign Plan
Rejected alternatives: Jehová Sebaot, el Señor Todopoderoso (NVI)
Original: יְהוָה צְבָאוֹת
Category: God
NEW ENTRY. The book’s dominant divine self-designation (50+ occurrences). Must be rendered identically at every occurrence per Theological Consistency Rules; never mix with ‘Jehová Sebaot’ or ‘el Señor Todopoderoso’ within a single document. Carries the same Jehovah’s Witness fencing risk as the_lord_yhwh.
King Messianic
Approved rendering: rey
Transliteration: melek
Doctrine: The Coming Messianic King
Rejected alternatives: un rey (indefinite, generic monarch)
Original: מֶלֶךְ
Category: Christology
NEW ENTRY. Lexically ordinary in Spanish and can default to a merely political/historical monarch (cf. everyday news usage). Must always be taught alongside ‘Mesías’ (Critical, baseline). Culturally, the region’s existing devotion to ‘Cristo Rey’ is a genuine engagement asset but risks absorbing ‘rey’ into only the glorious, crowned image without the deliberate humility of 9:9; both halves of the verse must be preserved. Never soften to indefinite ‘un rey.‘
The Branch
Approved rendering: el Vástago
Transliteration: tsemach
Doctrine: Union of Priest and King in the Branch; The Coming Messianic King
Rejected alternatives: el brote, el retoño (too weak as a primary rendering — reads as ordinary botanical vocabulary)
Original: צֶמַח
Category: Christology
NEW ENTRY. Fixed Messianic title (3:8; 6:12), always capitalized. ‘El Renuevo’ is an acceptable ecumenical footnote-only variant; never substitute as the primary rendering, and never mix variants within one document. Never read as a generic metaphor for revival or growth.
Righteous King
Approved rendering: justo
Transliteration: tsaddiq
Doctrine: The Coming Messianic King
Original: צַדִּיק
Category: Christology
NEW ENTRY. The coming King’s own personal righteous character and vindicated standing (9:9), reusing the baseline ‘justicia’ word-family. Must be distinguished from, yet explicitly connected to, baseline ‘imputed_righteousness’: here it is the King’s own attribute, the ground on which imputed righteousness is later granted to believers.
Having Salvation
Approved rendering: salvador
Transliteration: nosha’ (Niphal participle)
Doctrine: The Coming Messianic King; Salvation
Rejected alternatives: salvado (literal Hebrew passive — rejected as primary rendering, but MUST be preserved in the mandatory teaching note)
Original: נוֹשָׁע
Category: Christology
NEW ENTRY — single most consequential grammatical-voice decision in the core passage. Hebrew is a passive (Niphal) participle: literally ‘one who has been saved/vindicated.’ RV1960/RVA2015 tradition renders it actively as ‘salvador,’ matching baseline ‘salvación.’ MANDATORY translator note on every occurrence: ‘salvador’ is the primary rendering, but the Hebrew’s passive sense (‘salvado/vindicado por Dios’) must ALSO be taught — the King who saves is himself the vindicated, once-humbled king, anticipating Christ’s death-then-resurrection pattern (Philippians 2:8-11). [TRANSLATOR NOTE required at every occurrence per 07_semantic_analysis.md.]
Dominion Sea To Sea
Approved rendering: su señorío
Transliteration: memshalto
Doctrine: The Coming Messianic King
Rejected alternatives: su dominio (more neutral, doctrinally safer but forfeits the deliberate lexical echo)
Original: מֶמְשַׁלְתּוֹ
Category: Christology
NEW ENTRY. Deliberately preferred over the neutral ‘su dominio’ to create an intentional, positive resonance with baseline ‘lord’ = ‘Señor’ (Lordship of Christ). Must be taught explicitly as anticipating Christ’s confessed universal Lordship (Romans 10:9); theologian review must confirm the resonance is drawn out, not left for the learner to notice unaided.
Pierced One
Approved rendering: a quien traspasaron
Transliteration: vehibbitu elai et asher-daqaru
Doctrine: The Piercing of the One They Have Pierced
Rejected alternatives: a quien atravesaron (acceptable variant, note only), a quien hirieron (FORBIDDEN — too weak, loses piercing/weapon force), a él (FORBIDDEN — third-person shift destroys YHWH’s first-person self-identification)
Original: וְהִבִּיטוּ אֵלַי אֵת אֲשֶׁר־דָּקָרוּ
Category: Christology
NEW ENTRY — HIGHEST-PRIORITY, CRITICAL term in the entire book. Full phrase: ‘mirarán a mí, a quien traspasaron.’ Must preserve: (1) first-person voice (‘a mí’); (2) the verb’s violent, physical force. Directly quoted in John 19:37; echoed in Revelation 1:7. Mandatory human theologian review on EVERY occurrence with zero tolerance for the forbidden substitutions listed above.
Strike The Shepherd
Approved rendering: Hiere al pastor
Transliteration: hakeh haro’eh
Doctrine: True and False Shepherds; the Struck Shepherd
Original: הַכֵּה הָרֹעֶה
Category: Christology
NEW ENTRY. Direct dominical quotation — Jesus applies this to himself (Matthew 26:31; Mark 14:27). Must be rendered IDENTICALLY wherever it recurs across every document; no variant permitted.
Thirty Pieces Of Silver
Approved rendering: treinta piezas de plata
Transliteration: shloshim kasef
Doctrine: Fulfillment of Specific Messianic Prophecy
Rejected alternatives: treinta monedas de plata (acceptable variant ONLY if used with total internal consistency; never mixed within one document)
Original: שְׁלֹשִׁים כָּסֶף
Category: Eschatology
NEW ENTRY. The shepherd’s insultingly low wage (11:12), specifically cited in Matthew 26:15 and 27:3-10 regarding Judas. The numeral and unit must NEVER vary across documents so cross-referencing with Matthew remains immediately recognizable.
King Over All Earth
Approved rendering: Jehová será rey sobre toda la tierra
Transliteration: vehayah YHWH lemelekh al-kol-ha’aretz
Doctrine: The Day of the LORD and Final Kingship; The Coming Messianic King (climax)
Original: וְהָיָה יְהוָה לְמֶלֶךְ עַל־כָּל־הָאָרֶץ
Category: Eschatology
NEW ENTRY. The book’s climactic universal-kingship statement (14:9). Must be taught alongside 9:9-10 as the SAME reign, not a separate divine-sovereignty statement; theologian review required to draw the canonical line to Revelation 11:15.
High Risk Terms
Covenant
Approved rendering: pacto
Transliteration: berit (Hebrew) / diathēkē (Greek)
Doctrine: Davidic Covenant; Covenant Formula Renewed
Rejected alternatives: contrato legal, alianza (valid Catholic-tradition synonym, not used as primary in this package)
Original: בְּרִית
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package. In Zechariah, reused exactly in ‘la sangre de tu pacto’ (9:11, blood of the covenant, anticipating Matthew 26:28) and ‘anulé mi pacto’ (11:10, the broken covenant-staff ‘Favor’). The ‘pacto’ vs. occult connotation risk noted generally in 05_translation_landscape.md does not apply to Zechariah’s specific uses, which are unambiguously covenantal-legal, not magical.
Incarnation
Approved rendering: encarnación
Transliteration: ho logos sarx egeneto (Greek, John 1:14)
Doctrine: Restoration of Jerusalem and the Temple
Original: (typological parallel: שָׁכַנְתִּי בְתוֹכֵךְ, 2:10-11)
Category: Restoration
Inherited from Romans package. Applied typologically to God’s personal dwelling promise (2:10-11, ‘habitaré en medio de ti’ — see dwell_in_your_midst entry), the Old Testament forerunner of the incarnation; bridge explicitly in teaching notes, never substitute this baseline term into the Old Testament text itself.
Providence
Approved rendering: providencia
Transliteration: pronoia (Greek); arba ruchot hashamayim (Hebrew, four winds/spirits image)
Doctrine: Visions of God’s Sovereign Plan for His People
Rejected alternatives: destino, la suerte
Original: אַרְבַּע רוּחוֹת הַשָּׁמַיִם
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package; risk ELEVATED from the Romans baseline’s Medium to High in this curriculum. The night visions’ vivid imagery (dispatched chariots and winds, 6:1-8; ‘not by might, nor by power, but by my Spirit,’ 4:6) risks an impersonal ‘forces of nature’ reading, or in folk-religious contexts a curse/omen reading, rather than the personal, purposive governance of a sovereign covenant God. Mandatory teaching note at 4:6 and 6:1-8.
Grace
Approved rendering: gracia
Transliteration: charis (Greek); chen (Hebrew, ‘ruach chen vetachanunim,’ 12:10)
Doctrine: Cleansing and Forgiveness of Sin; The Piercing (12:10 context)
Rejected alternatives: favor merecido, recompensa por buenas obras
Original: רוּחַ חֵן וְתַחֲנוּנִים
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package for the forensic, unmerited-favor sense of Romans 3-5. In Zechariah 12:10, the phrase ‘espíritu de gracia y de oración’ (RV1960 tradition) reuses this lexeme for a poured-out disposition that PRODUCES repentance — a related but non-identical sense from the baseline’s forensic soteriological ‘gracia.’ Mandatory distinguishing note at every occurrence of 12:10 so the two senses are taught as related, not conflated.
Priest On His Throne
Approved rendering: sacerdote sobre su trono
Transliteration: kohen al-kis’o
Doctrine: Union of Priest and King in the Branch
Original: כֹּהֵן עַל־כִּסְאוֹ
Category: Christology
NEW ENTRY. No single Spanish word captures this dual-office union. Requires explicit bridge to Hebrews 7’s Melchizedekian priest-king Christology; without it, learners without background in the Levitical (priest)/Davidic (king) office-separation may read this as unremarkable rather than a startling covenantal innovation.
Fountain Opened For Sin
Approved rendering: una fuente abierta para el pecado y la impureza
Transliteration: maqor niftach lechatat ultum’ah
Doctrine: The Piercing (direct sequel); Cleansing and Forgiveness of Sin
Original: מָקוֹר נִפְתָּח לְחַטָּאת וּלְטֻמְאָה
Category: Salvation
NEW ENTRY. Reuses baseline ‘sin’ = ‘pecado’ exactly. Must be taught in direct cause-and-effect continuity with 12:10 — the pierced one’s suffering opens this cleansing fountain — or the two verses read as unrelated visionary images.
Covenant Formula
Approved rendering: yo seré su Dios, y ellos serán mi pueblo
Transliteration: vehayiti lahem l’Elohim vehem yihyu-li l’am
Doctrine: The Covenant Formula Renewed
Original: וְהָיִיתִי לָה�ם לֵאלֹהִים וְהֵם יִהְיוּ־לִי לְעָם
Category: Covenant
NEW ENTRY. The theological center of the book’s restoration hope (8:8); continues into the New Testament’s application to the church (2 Corinthians 6:16; Revelation 21:3). Flag for cross-curriculum consistency so the canonical continuity is taught, not treated as a self-contained Old Testament promise.
Broke My Covenant
Approved rendering: anulé mi pacto
Transliteration: va’efror et-briti
Doctrine: The Covenant Formula Renewed (negative enactment)
Original: וָאֶפְרֹ אֶת־בְּרִיתִי
Category: Covenant
NEW ENTRY. Enacted judgment (breaking the staff ‘Favor,’ 11:10), reusing baseline ‘covenant’ = ‘pacto’ exactly. Must be taught as a temporary, historically enacted judgment-sign, not as evidence that God’s covenant promises are conditionally revocable in a way undermining assurance doctrine taught elsewhere.
Dwell In Your Midst
Approved rendering: habitaré en medio de ti
Transliteration: shakhanti betokekh
Doctrine: Restoration of Jerusalem and the Temple
Original: שָׁכַנְתִּי בְתוֹכֵךְ
Category: Restoration
NEW ENTRY. God’s personal, localized presence returning to Zion (2:10-11) — the Old Testament forerunner of incarnational ‘dwelling’ language (John 1:14). Must be taught as personal indwelling presence, not a poetic metaphor for generic blessing; bridge explicitly to baseline ‘incarnation.‘
Speak Peace To Nations
Approved rendering: hablará paz a las naciones
Transliteration: vedibber shalom lagoyim
Doctrine: Inclusion of the Nations; The Coming Messianic King
Original: וְדִבֶּר שָׁלוֹם לַגּוֹיִם
Category: Church
NEW ENTRY. Risk ELEVATED above the general baseline ‘peace’ entry because of this text’s unconditional, universal scope (9:10) extended to ALL nations without qualification; must not be softened or regionally narrowed.
Not By Might
Approved rendering: no con ejército, ni con fuerza, sino con mi Espíritu
Transliteration: lo bechayil velo bechoach ki beruchi
Doctrine: Spirit-Empowered Restoration
Original: לֹא בְחַיִל וְלֹא בְכֹחַ כִּי בְרוּחִי
Category: Restoration
NEW ENTRY. Central statement (4:6) that the temple’s rebuilding is accomplished by God’s Spirit, not human strength. ‘Mi Espíritu’ should be capitalized and bridged explicitly to baseline ‘holy_spirit’ (Espíritu Santo, Critical).
Blood Of Covenant
Approved rendering: la sangre de tu pacto
Transliteration: dam-britekh
Doctrine: The Covenant Formula Renewed
Original: דַּם־בְּרִיתֵךְ
Category: Covenant
NEW ENTRY, reusing baseline ‘covenant’ = ‘pacto’ exactly. Ground of the restoration of the ‘prisoners of hope’ (9:11); anticipates the New Testament’s ‘blood of the covenant’ language at the Last Supper (Matthew 26:28) — flag so the theologian reviewer draws that canonical line explicitly.
The Potter
Approved rendering: el alfarero
Transliteration: hayotser
Doctrine: Fulfillment of Specific Messianic Prophecy
Original: הַיּוֹצֵר
Category: Eschatology
NEW ENTRY. Recipient of the shepherd’s insulting wage, in the house of the LORD (11:13) — a load-bearing, specific detail in the Matthew fulfillment citation, not incidental scenery.
Day Of The Lord
Approved rendering: el día de Jehová
Transliteration: yom-ba l’YHWH
Doctrine: The Day of the LORD and Final Kingship
Rejected alternatives: el día del Señor (NT-register alternative — flagged for whole-canon cross-curriculum consistency review, not resolved at this Phase 1 stage)
Original: יוֹם־בָא לַיהוָה
Category: Eschatology
NEW ENTRY. Uses the ‘Jehová’ convention; must be reconciled explicitly with the New Testament’s parallel phrase so learners recognize a single eschatological reality centered in Christ, not two unrelated concepts arising from differing divine titles.
Zeal Jealousy
Approved rendering: tengo celos / celo
Transliteration: qinneti… qin’ah gedolah
Doctrine: God’s Zeal for Zion
Rejected alternatives: estoy enojado (too weak — loses covenantal-love nuance), estoy obsesionado (wrong psychological register)
Original: קִנֵּאתִי… קִנְאָה גְדוֹלָה
Category: God
NEW ENTRY. ‘Celo/celos’ in everyday spoken Spanish skews heavily toward romantic jealousy or interpersonal suspicion. This is a genuine missing-vocabulary gap, not merely a crowded neighborhood: no clean Spanish alternative avoids the collision entirely. Mandatory explanatory scaffolding (protective covenant love, cf. Exodus 20:5’s ‘Dios celoso’) at EVERY occurrence, not merely first occurrence.
Medium Risk Terms
Peace
Approved rendering: paz
Transliteration: shalom (Hebrew) / eirēnē (Greek)
Doctrine: Peace with God; Inclusion of the Nations
Rejected alternatives: tranquilidad emocional
Original: שָׁלוֹם
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package. General term stays Medium risk; however the specific compound phrase ‘hablará paz a las naciones’ (9:10) is a separate High-risk entry below (see speak_peace_to_nations) because of its unconditional universal scope.
Sin
Approved rendering: pecado
Transliteration: chatat / avon (Hebrew) / hamartia (Greek)
Doctrine: Cleansing and Forgiveness of Sin
Rejected alternatives: falta (minimizing euphemism)
Original: חַטָּאת / עָוֹן
Category: Sin
Inherited from Romans package. Reused exactly for Zechariah 3:4 (iniquity removed from Joshua) and 13:1 (the fountain opened ‘para el pecado y la impureza’), the direct sequel to the piercing of 12:10. Never soften to ‘falta.‘
Holy
Approved rendering: santo
Transliteration: hagios (Greek) / qodesh (Hebrew)
Doctrine: Holiness Extended to All of Ordinary Life
Rejected alternatives: puro en sentido ritual
Inherited from Romans package. Combined with ‘Jehová’ in the new compound entry ‘Santidad a Jehová’ (14:20), universalizing holiness once confined to priestly garments (Exodus 28:36) to everyday objects in the restored city.
Kingdom Of God
Approved rendering: reino de Dios
Transliteration: basileia tou theou (Greek); conceptual parallel to melekh/malkut in Hebrew
Doctrine: The Day of the LORD and Final Kingship
Original: (conceptual parallel: וְהָיָה יְהוָה לְמֶלֶךְ, 14:9)
Category: Eschatology
Inherited from Romans package. Applied to Old Testament universal-kingship texts (14:9) for New Testament-facing cross-reference; the Old Testament text itself is better rendered concretely as ‘Jehová será rey sobre toda la tierra’ (see king_over_all_earth entry) to preserve the specific Hebrew grammar.
Angel Of The Lord
Approved rendering: el ángel de Jehová
Transliteration: mal’akh YHWH
Doctrine: Angelic Mediation and the Heavenly Court
Original: מַלְאַךְ יְהוָה
Category: God
NEW ENTRY. A specific covenantal messenger/theophanic figure interpreting the night visions (chs. 1-6) and presiding over Joshua’s courtroom cleansing (ch. 3); must be distinguished from the popular-piety category of a personal guardian angel invoked for protection or favor.
Cornerstone
Approved rendering: piedra angular
Transliteration: pinnah
Doctrine: True and False Shepherds (typological)
Original: פִּנָּה
Category: Christology
NEW ENTRY. Figure for stable leadership (10:4); flag the canonical connection to Christ as cornerstone (Ephesians 2:20; 1 Peter 2:6) so it is not read as merely architectural.
Two Anointed Ones
Approved rendering: los dos ungidos
Transliteration: shnei meshichim
Doctrine: Union of Priest and King in the Branch
Original: שְׁנֵי מְשִׁיחִים
Category: Christology
NEW ENTRY. Joshua and Zerubbabel (ch. 4), representing priestly and royal offices sustained by the Spirit. Shares the root of ‘Mesías’ without being messianic titles; clarifying note required so learners do not read them as rival ‘messiahs’ alongside the singular Branch.
Iniquity
Approved rendering: iniquidad
Transliteration: avon
Doctrine: Cleansing and Forgiveness of Sin
Rejected alternatives: falta (forbidden softening euphemism per baseline rule)
Original: עָוֹן
Category: Sin
NEW ENTRY, in the baseline ‘sin’/‘pecado’ register. Guilt removed from Joshua by divine decree (3:4), an enacted picture of forgiveness/cleansing preceding priestly service.
The Satan Accuser
Approved rendering: Satanás / el acusador
Transliteration: hasatan
Doctrine: Cleansing and Forgiveness of Sin; Angelic Mediation and the Heavenly Court
Original: הַשָּׂטָן
Category: Sin
NEW ENTRY. Hebrew definite-article, role-based usage (‘the accuser,’ not yet a fixed proper name); connect the scene’s grace-overriding-accusation pattern to baseline ‘grace.‘
Idols Terafim
Approved rendering: ídolos
Transliteration: terafim
Doctrine: Visions of God’s Sovereign Plan for His People
Original: תְּרָפִים
Category: Sin
NEW ENTRY. Household idols consulted for guidance (10:2), condemned alongside diviners. In Latin American/Caribbean contexts with active curanderismo, Espiritismo, or Santería, requires an explicit teaching note distinguishing this condemnation from popular consultation of saints or spiritist guides.
The Curse
Approved rendering: la maldición
Transliteration: ha’alah
Doctrine: Visions of God’s Sovereign Plan for His People
Original: הָאָלָה
Category: Sin
NEW ENTRY. A covenant-lawcourt sanction (the flying scroll, 5:3), NOT an occult hex. In folk-Catholic and Afro-Caribbean spiritist contexts, ‘maldición’ risks a brujería reading; must be taught as God’s own judicial pronouncement, not autonomous occult malediction.
Return To Me
Approved rendering: Volveos a mí
Transliteration: shuvu elai
Doctrine: Repentance and Covenant Return
Original: שׁוּבוּ אֵלַי
Category: Restoration
NEW ENTRY. Foundational call opening the book (1:3); must be taught as covenantal turning back to a personal, relational God, not generic remorse or vague self-improvement.
Apple Of His Eye
Approved rendering: niña de su ojo
Transliteration: bavat eino
Doctrine: God’s Zeal for Zion
Rejected alternatives: algo muy precioso (rejected — flattens the protective-vulnerability idiom)
Original: בָּבַת עֵינוֹ
Category: Restoration
NEW ENTRY. Established Spanish Bible idiom for God’s tender, fiercely protective care for Zion (2:8); retain the idiom rather than paraphrasing.
Living Waters
Approved rendering: aguas vivas
Transliteration: mayim chayim
Doctrine: The Day of the LORD and Final Kingship
Original: מַיִם חַיִּים
Category: Restoration
NEW ENTRY. Waters flowing from Jerusalem in two directions (14:8), echoed in Revelation 22:1 and John 7:38; requires a forward-bridge note or the image reads as merely decorative.
Mount Of Olives Split
Approved rendering: el monte de los Olivos se partirá
Transliteration: Har HaZeitim… nivqa’
Doctrine: The Day of the LORD and Final Kingship
Original: הַר הַזֵּיתִים… נִבְקַע
Category: Restoration
NEW ENTRY. Concrete eschatological geography (14:4) tied to the same location as Christ’s ascension (Acts 1:11-12); requires a geographical/eschatological bridge note.
Holy To The Lord
Approved rendering: Santidad a Jehová
Transliteration: qodesh l’YHWH
Doctrine: Holiness Extended to All of Ordinary Life
Original: קֹדֶשׁ לַיהוָה
Category: Restoration
NEW ENTRY, combining baseline ‘holy’ = ‘santo’ with ‘Jehová.’ Inscription extended even to mundane objects (horses’ bells, 14:20), universalizing what was once confined to priestly garments (Exodus 28:36).
No More Trader Canaanite
Approved rendering: mercader
Transliteration: kena’ani
Doctrine: Holiness Extended to All of Ordinary Life
Rejected alternatives: cananeo (rejected as unqualified primary rendering — risks reading as an unglossed ethnic slur)
Original: כְנַעֲנִי
Category: Restoration
NEW ENTRY. Hebrew double sense (ethnic ‘Canaanite’ / ‘trader’); mandatory footnote explaining the wordplay. Never render bare ‘cananeo’ without the clarifying gloss.
Nations
Approved rendering: naciones
Transliteration: goyim
Doctrine: Inclusion of the Nations
Rejected alternatives: gentiles (reserved exclusively for New Testament ἔθνη per baseline)
Original: גּוֹיִם
Category: Church
NEW ENTRY. Deliberately NOT baseline ‘gentiles.’ Reina-Valera tradition renders OT covenant-historical goyim as ‘naciones’; substituting ‘gentiles’ here would blur the register distinction the baseline relies on for its own Jew/Gentile doctrinal architecture.
River To Ends Of Earth
Approved rendering: desde el río hasta los fines de la tierra
Transliteration: minnahar ad-afsei-aretz
Doctrine: The Coming Messianic King
Original: מִנָּהָר עַד־אַפְסֵי־אָרֶץ
Category: Eschatology
NEW ENTRY. Expansion of the Solomonic covenant boundary (1 Kings 4:21) into a universal, eschatological claim (9:10); requires an Old Testament background note.
Humble
Approved rendering: humilde
Transliteration: ani
Doctrine: The Coming Messianic King
Original: עָנִי
Category: Christology
NEW ENTRY. The King’s voluntary lowliness (9:9), contrasted with conquering emperors on war-horses; must not be taught merely as an emotional disposition but as a royal, historically enacted humility foreshadowing Christ’s incarnational humility (Philippians 2:6-8).
Donkey Colt
Approved rendering: montado sobre un asno, sobre un pollino hijo de asna
Transliteration: chamor / ayir ben-atonot
Doctrine: The Coming Messianic King; Fulfillment of Specific Prophecy
Original: חֲמוֹר / עַיִר בֶּן־אֲתֹנוֹת
Category: Christology
NEW ENTRY. The peacetime riding animal of the coming King (9:9), a Hebrew poetic doubling fulfilled with unusual literalism in Matthew 21:2-7. Risk is catechetical (learners may read this as two separate animals), not lexical; teaching note required.
Cut Off Weapons
Approved rendering: destruiré el carro; será quebrado el arco de guerra
Transliteration: hikhratti rekhev / sus / qeshet milchamah
Doctrine: The Coming Messianic King
Original: הִכְרַתִּי רֶכֶב / סוּס / קֶשֶׁת מִלְחָמָה
Category: Eschatology
NEW ENTRY. God’s removal of chariot, war horse, and battle bow (9:10) — the King actively disarming the instruments of conquest, not merely defeating enemies militarily. Doctrinal weight (a king who disarms rather than arms) should be flagged.
True Justice
Approved rendering: juzgad conforme a la verdad
Transliteration: mishpat emet shefotu
Doctrine: Authentic Worship and Covenant Justice
Original: מִשְׁפָּט אֱמֶת שְׁפֹטוּ
Category: Ethics
NEW ENTRY. Concrete covenantal ethics (7:9-10) expected as the true fruit accompanying restoration hopes; teach as covenant ethics grounding restoration, not ritual observance alone.
Mercy And Compassion
Approved rendering: misericordia y compasión
Transliteration: chesed verachamim
Doctrine: Authentic Worship and Covenant Justice
Original: חֶסֶד וְרַחֲמִים
Category: Ethics
NEW ENTRY. Chesed is the OT’s central covenant-love term; must not be flattened to generic niceness. Conceptually adjacent to, but lexically distinct from, baseline ‘grace.‘
Take Hold Of Robe
Approved rendering: tomarán del manto de un judío
Transliteration: vehechziqu asarah anashim… bikhnaf ish Yehudi
Doctrine: Inclusion of the Nations
Original: וְהֶחֱזִיקוּ עֲשָׂרָה אֲנָשִׁים… בִּכְנַף אִישׁ יְהוּדִי
Category: Church
NEW ENTRY. Vivid image of Gentile/nations eagerness to be included among God’s covenant people (8:23); use ‘naciones’ in the surrounding context, never ‘gentiles.‘
Encamp As Guard
Approved rendering: acamparé alrededor de mi casa como guarda
Transliteration: chaniti l’veiti mitsavah
Doctrine: Judgment on the Nations and Divine Protection of God’s House
Original: חָנִיתִי לְבֵיתִי מִצָּבָה
Category: Restoration
NEW ENTRY. God personally defends his temple from hostile armies (9:8); direct support for the Restoration doctrine’s promise of divine protection, not merely rebuilt architecture.
Shepherds
Approved rendering: pastores
Transliteration: ro’im
Doctrine: True and False Shepherds
Original: רֹעִים
Category: Shepherd
NEW ENTRY. Introduces the true-shepherd/false-shepherd contrast running through chs. 10-13. Note: ‘pastor’ is also the ordinary contemporary Spanish title for a Protestant/Evangelical minister — flag so learners do not read this through a contemporary-clergy-criticism lens rather than the text’s specific historical/typological referents.
Worthless Shepherd
Approved rendering: pastor inútil
Transliteration: ro’eh elil
Doctrine: True and False Shepherds
Original: רֹעֶה אֱלִיל
Category: Shepherd
NEW ENTRY. A corrupt leader who abandons the flock (11:17), the deliberate negative foil to the true Shepherd-King; flag the contrast so it is not missed.
Flock Doomed To Slaughter
Approved rendering: rebaño destinado al matadero
Transliteration: tson haharegah
Doctrine: True and False Shepherds
Original: צֹאן הַהֲרֵגָה
Category: Shepherd
NEW ENTRY. The people under judgment for rejecting God’s appointed shepherd (11:4,7); teach as judgment-oracle imagery, distinct from the hopeful flock imagery elsewhere.
Refine As Silver
Approved rendering: los refinaré como se refina la plata
Transliteration: tseraftim kitsrof et-hakesef
Doctrine: Remnant Theology and Purification Through Judgment
Original: צְרַפְתִּים כִּצְרֹף אֶת־הַכֶּסֶף
Category: Eschatology
NEW ENTRY. The surviving remnant is purified through testing, not merely spared (13:9); connect to baseline ‘sanctification’ for continuity.
Remnant
Approved rendering: el remanente / la tercera parte
Transliteration: hashlishit / she’erit
Doctrine: Remnant Theology and Purification Through Judgment
Original: הַשְּׁלִשִׁית / שְׁאֵרִית
Category: Eschatology
NEW ENTRY. The one-third that remains after judgment (13:8-9); connects to baseline ‘providence’ — God preserves a purified remnant, not arbitrary survival or fatalistic ‘suerte.‘
Low Risk Terms
David
Approved rendering: David
Transliteration: Dawid / David
Doctrine: Davidic Covenant
Original: דָּוִיד
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package. Standard proper name. In Zechariah, anchors ‘casa de David’ (12:7-12) and the Davidic-covenant background of 9:9-10; no new risk introduced.
Israel
Approved rendering: Israel
Transliteration: Yisra’el
Doctrine: Unity of Jews and Gentiles / Sovereign Plan for His People
Original: יִשְׂרָאֵל
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package. Standard proper name; no new risk introduced in Zechariah’s usage.
Prophet
Approved rendering: profeta
Transliteration: navi (Hebrew) / prophētēs (Greek)
Doctrine: Inspiration of Scripture
Rejected alternatives: vidente, adivino
Inherited from Romans package. In Zechariah, contrasted with the purged ‘false prophets’ (13:2-5, see false_prophets entry below).
Prophecy
Approved rendering: profecía
Transliteration: nevu’ah (Hebrew) / prophēteia (Greek)
Doctrine: Fulfillment of Prophecy
Rejected alternatives: horóscopo, predicción esotérica
Inherited from Romans package. Underlies the ‘oracle/burden’ genre term (massa, 9:1), rendered ‘profecía / carga profética’ — see oracle_burden entry below.
Gentiles
Approved rendering: gentiles
Transliteration: ethnē (Greek)
Doctrine: Unity of Jews and Gentiles
Rejected alternatives: paganos (pejorative)
Inherited from Romans package, RESERVED EXCLUSIVELY for the New Testament’s Jew/Gentile technical contrast. Deliberately NOT used to render Hebrew goyim in Zechariah’s Old Testament covenant-historical contexts (2:11; 8:20-23; 9:10; 14:16); those occurrences use the separate new entry ‘nations’ (naciones) below. Do not let ‘gentiles’ leak backward into the Old Testament text.
House Of David
Approved rendering: casa de David
Transliteration: beit David
Doctrine: Davidic Lineage and Covenant Continuity
Original: בֵּית דָּוִיד
Category: Covenant
NEW ENTRY, using baseline proper name ‘David’ exactly. Identifies the pierced one’s mourners specifically with the royal Davidic line, tying the Piercing doctrine to the Messianic King doctrine of ch. 9.
Filthy Garments
Approved rendering: vestiduras viles
Transliteration: begadim tso’im
Doctrine: Cleansing and Forgiveness of Sin
Original: בְּגָדִים צֹאִים
Category: Sin
NEW ENTRY. Symbol of guilt removed and replaced with clean festal robes (3:4) — visual gospel of substitutionary cleansing.
False Prophets
Approved rendering: falsos profetas
Transliteration: nevi’ei hasheqer
Doctrine: Visions of God’s Sovereign Plan for His People
Original: נְבִיאֵי הַשֶּׁקֶר
Category: Sin
NEW ENTRY, using baseline ‘prophet’ = ‘profeta’ with negating adjective. Purged alongside the cleansing fountain (13:2-5).
Wickedness Personified
Approved rendering: la Maldad
Transliteration: harish’ah
Doctrine: Visions of God’s Sovereign Plan for His People
Original: הָרִשְׁעָה
Category: Sin
NEW ENTRY. Wickedness personified, sealed into the ephah-basket and removed to Shinar (5:6-11); visionary counterpart to ch. 3’s cleansing.
Daughter Of Zion
Approved rendering: hija de Sion / hija de Jerusalén
Transliteration: bat-Tsiyyon / bat-Yerushalayim
Doctrine: The Coming Messianic King
Original: בַּת־צִיּוֹן / בַּת־יְרוּשָׁלַיִם
Category: Restoration
NEW ENTRY. Poetic personification of the covenant city/people (9:9), addressed as the recipient of the coming King; standard across Spanish Bible traditions.
Measuring Line
Approved rendering: cordel de medir
Transliteration: qav middah
Doctrine: The Measuring and Expansion of Jerusalem
Original: קֶו מִדָּה
Category: Restoration
NEW ENTRY. Symbol of Jerusalem’s coming restoration and expansion (2:1-5).
City Of Truth
Approved rendering: Ciudad de la Verdad
Transliteration: ir ha’emet
Doctrine: Restoration of Jerusalem and the Temple
Original: עִיר הָאֱמֶת
Category: Restoration
NEW ENTRY. Jerusalem’s new prophetic name (8:3) upon restoration.
Feast Of Booths
Approved rendering: la fiesta de los Tabernáculos
Transliteration: Chag HaSukkot
Doctrine: Inclusion of the Nations
Original: חַג הַסֻּכּוֹת
Category: Restoration
NEW ENTRY. Standard, already-naturalized Spanish Bible festival name; the fullest statement of Gentile/nations inclusion in the book (14:16).
Prisoners Of Hope
Approved rendering: prisioneros de esperanza
Transliteration: asirei hatiqvah
Doctrine: The Coming Messianic King
Original: אֲסִירֵי הַתִּקְוָה
Category: Church
NEW ENTRY. Poetic oxymoron (9:12) for the exiled/oppressed covenant people awaiting the King’s deliverance; retain the oxymoron.
Rejoice Greatly
Approved rendering: Alégrate mucho
Transliteration: gili me’od
Doctrine: The Coming Messianic King
Original: גִּילִי מְאֹד
Category: Eschatology
NEW ENTRY. Ecstatic, eschatological joy commanded of Zion at the King’s arrival (9:9); standard, unambiguous.
Shout Aloud
Approved rendering: da voces de júbilo
Transliteration: hari’i
Doctrine: The Coming Messianic King
Original: הָרִיעִי
Category: Eschatology
NEW ENTRY. A shout of jubilant acclamation (9:9), not a war cry celebrating conquest by force, given v.10’s disarmament imagery.
Four Winds
Approved rendering: los cuatro vientos de los cielos
Transliteration: arba ruchot hashamayim
Doctrine: Visions of God’s Sovereign Plan for His People
Original: אַרְבַּע רוּחוֹת הַשָּׁמַיִם
Category: Eschatology
NEW ENTRY. Dispatched to the four corners of the earth (6:5), showing God’s sovereign governance as global, not local.
Crown
Approved rendering: corona
Transliteration: atarah
Doctrine: Union of Priest and King in the Branch
Original: עֲטָרָה
Category: Christology
NEW ENTRY. Placed on Joshua’s head (6:11) as an enacted prophecy pointing beyond Joshua to the Branch.
Capstone Plummet
Approved rendering: la piedra principal / la plomada
Transliteration: ha’even harosha / even habdil
Doctrine: Restoration of Jerusalem and the Temple
Original: הָאֶבֶן הָרֹאשָׁה / אֶבֶן הַבְּדִיל
Category: Restoration
NEW ENTRY. Symbol of the temple’s guaranteed completion under Zerubbabel’s hand (4:7,10).
Fasting
Approved rendering: ayuno
Transliteration: tsom
Doctrine: Authentic Worship and Covenant Justice
Original: צוֹם
Category: Ethics
NEW ENTRY. Ritual fasting measured against covenant obedience (7:5-6); ritual without justice is empty.
Vulnerable Classes
Approved rendering: la viuda, el huérfano, el extranjero y el pobre
Transliteration: almanah, yatom, ger, ani
Doctrine: Authentic Worship and Covenant Justice
Original: אַלְמָנָה וְיָתוֹם גֵּר וְעָנִי
Category: Ethics
NEW ENTRY. The four classic vulnerable classes protected under Mosaic law (7:10).
Let Your Hands Be Strong
Approved rendering: esfuércense vuestras manos
Transliteration: techezaqna yedeikhem
Doctrine: Restoration of Jerusalem and the Temple
Original: תֶּחֱזַקְנָה יְדֵיכֶם
Category: Ethics
NEW ENTRY. Idiom for courageous perseverance (8:9,13) in continuing temple-building despite discouragement.
Oracle Burden
Approved rendering: profecía / carga profética
Transliteration: massa
Doctrine: Judgment on the Nations and Divine Protection of God’s House
Original: מַשָּׂא
Category: Eschatology
NEW ENTRY, reusing baseline ‘prophecy’ register. Frames 9:1-8 as covenant-court judgment on Israel’s historic enemies before the King’s arrival in 9:9.
Flock Of His People
Approved rendering: rebaño de su pueblo
Transliteration: tson amo
Doctrine: True and False Shepherds
Original: צֹאן עַמּוֹ
Category: Shepherd
NEW ENTRY. First appearance (9:16) of the shepherd/flock imagery dominating chs. 10-13.
Tent Peg
Approved rendering: estaca
Transliteration: yated
Doctrine: True and False Shepherds
Original: יָתֵד
Category: Shepherd
NEW ENTRY. Companion image to cornerstone (10:4), figuring stable leadership from within the people.
Gather Them
Approved rendering: los reuniré
Transliteration: veqibbatstim
Doctrine: True and False Shepherds
Original: וְקִבַּצְתִּים
Category: Shepherd
NEW ENTRY. Regathering of the scattered flock from Egypt and Assyria (10:10); restoration extends beyond Jerusalem’s walls.
Mourning Hadad Rimmon
Approved rendering: llanto como el llanto de Hadad-rimón
Transliteration: misped kemisped Hadad-Rimmon
Doctrine: The Piercing of the One They Have Pierced
Original: מִספֵּד כְּמִספֵּד הֲדַד־רִמּוֹן
Category: Christology
NEW ENTRY. Comparison to a known, intense funeral lament (12:11); a proper name requiring a historical-cultural footnote, not a translation choice.
Referenced passages