Core Glossary

Core Glossary — 2 Peter (English → Spanish)

This glossary consolidates every load-bearing term identified in 07_semantic_analysis.md across all three chapters of 2 Peter. It is organized into two parts:

Part A — Baseline Reused Terms: terms already established in the Romans translation_memory.json / bible_term_registry.json. These renderings are reused exactly per the hard rule requiring reuse of established terms; risk tiers are carried over from the baseline and, where 2 Peter’s context elevates doctrinal weight, an added note explains the elevation without changing the tier assigned in the baseline itself.
Part B — New Terms for the 2 Peter Curriculum: terms not present in the baseline package, analyzed fresh and assigned risk tiers using the same Critical/High/Medium/Low convention, with grounded reasoning for every Critical/High assignment.

All renderings below are binding for Phase 2 translation and must be loaded into translation_memory.json (version increment required) before Phase 2 segment translation begins.

Part A — Baseline Reused Terms (from Romans Language Package)

Term	Greek	Spanish rendering	Risk (baseline)	Doctrine(s) in 2 Peter	2 Peter occurrences	Notes
Lord	κύριος	Señor	Critical	Lordship of Christ; The Day of the Lord	1:2,8,11,14,16; 2:1,9,11,20; 3:2,8-10,15,18	Exclusive, supreme lordship. NOTE: “ἡμέρα κυρίου” (Day of the Lord, ch.3) reuses this word but see Part B for the compound term’s own elevated risk.
Son of God (pattern)	ὁ υἱός μου	Hijo (amado)	Critical	Sonship of Christ; Deity of Christ	1:17	2 Peter 1:17 quotes the Father’s direct declaration; render “mi Hijo amado,” preserving the unique, eternal Sonship sense the baseline establishes, distinct from believers’ adoptive sonship.
Faith	πίστις	fe	High	Faith	1:1,5; 3:2 (implied)	Personal trust in Christ, not inherited religiosity or devotional loyalty to a saint/the Virgin.
Grace	χάρις	gracia	High	Grace; Growing in Christian Virtue	1:2; 3:18	Unmerited favor; must not drift toward infused/merit-cooperation framing, per baseline.
Peace	εἰρήνη	paz	Medium	Grace/Peace greeting	1:2	Standard apostolic greeting pairing with gracia.
Righteousness	δικαιοσύνη	justicia	Critical	Salvation; also “the way of righteousness” (2:21)	1:1; 2:5,21; 3:13	Forensic right standing / God’s own righteous character; also used of Lot’s/Noah’s righteous conduct — teach both senses carefully.
Salvation	σωτηρία	salvación	Critical	The Certainty of Christ’s Return; Patience of God’s Timing	3:15	”The patience of our Lord is salvation” — reconciliation received by faith, not a merit-secured, uncertain outcome.
Holy	ἅγιος	santo	High	Reliability/Inspiration of Scripture; Sanctification	1:18,21; 2:21; 3:2,11	”Holy mountain,” “holy prophets,” “holy commandment,” “holy conduct” — every-believer/every-instance sense, not the canonized-saints framing.
Apostle	ἀπόστολος	apóstol	Low	Apostleship	1:1; 3:2	Unambiguous across Spanish Christian traditions.
Calling / Election	κλῆσις / ἐκλογή	llamado / elección	High	Effectual Calling; Divine Calling	1:10	”Confirm your calling and election” — sovereign, personal, not fatalistic “destino/suerte,” and not narrowed to “vocación religiosa.”
Prophet / Prophecy	προφήτης / προφητεία	profeta / profecía	Low	Reliability and Inspiration of Scripture	1:19-21; 2:16; 3:2	Term-level risk remains Low per baseline, but 2 Peter 1:19-21 is the single most doctrinally load-bearing prophecy passage in the NT; elevate doctrine-level teaching emphasis without altering the established lexical rendering.
Glory	δόξα	gloria	Medium	Deity of Christ	1:3,17; 3:18	God’s radiant honor; includes the reverent circumlocution “the Majestic Glory” for the Father (1:17).
Holy Spirit	πνεῦμα ἅγιον	Espíritu Santo	Critical	Reliability and Inspiration of Scripture	1:21	Personal, divine agent of inspiration; must be distinguished from an impersonal force or ancestral/guide spirit (Espiritismo/Santería risk, per baseline).
Father	πατήρ	Padre	Critical	Deity/Sonship of Christ	1:17	”God the Father” at the Transfiguration.
Sin (verb/noun)	ἁμαρτάνω / (cf. ἁμαρτία)	pecar / pecado	Medium	Universal accountability (background)	2:4	”Angels who sinned” — retain full moral weight; never soften to “falta.”
God	θεός	Dios	Critical	Divine Nature; Deity of Christ	throughout	Standard, unambiguous.
Kingdom of God (pattern)	βασιλεία	reino (eterno)	Medium	The Certainty of Christ’s Return	1:11	”Eternal kingdom of our Lord and Savior” — God’s sovereign reign, not a political entity.
Church (background)	—	iglesia	Medium	(implicit; 2 Peter addresses the churches broadly)	—	No direct occurrence of ἐκκλησία in 2 Peter, term retained for consistency across the curriculum’s teaching material.

Part B — New Terms for the 2 Peter Curriculum

Term	Greek	Transliteration	Spanish rendering	Risk	Doctrine(s)	Primary passages	Grounded risk rationale
Savior (title, applied to Christ as God)	σωτήρ	sōtēr	Salvador	Critical	Deity of Christ	1:1,11; 2:20; 3:2,18	1:1’s “our God and Savior Jesus Christ” is a single-referent Greek construction directly identifying Jesus as God. The Spanish rendering must preserve this single-referent reading (“nuestro Dios y Salvador Jesucristo,” never split into two persons); “Salvador” itself is uncontroversial, but the grammatical deity-claim it carries is high-stakes and easily lost in loose paraphrase.
Full/experiential knowledge (of God/Christ)	ἐπίγνωσις	epignōsis	conocimiento pleno	High	Growing in Christian Virtue; False Teachers and Their Judgment	1:2,3,8; 2:20; (cf. 3:18 γνῶσις)	Spanish lacks a distinct lexical equivalent to separate ἐπίγνωσις from γνῶσις; both risk flattening to plain “conocimiento.” Compounded by esoteric/neo-Gnostic “conocimiento superior/iniciático” movements active in parts of Latin America, which teach a self-attained secret knowledge — the opposite of 2 Peter’s relational, grace-given knowledge of Christ.
Knowledge (general/applied)	γνῶσις	gnōsis	conocimiento	Medium	Growing in Christian Virtue	1:5-6; 3:18	Distinguish from ἐπίγνωσις above via qualifying gloss when both appear near each other.
Godliness	εὐσέβεια	eusebeia	piedad	High	Growing in Christian Virtue; The Day of the Lord and Final Judgment	1:3,6,7; 3:11	”Piedad” primarily means pity/mercy in everyday Spanish and denotes external devotional practice (“piedad popular”) in Catholic culture — must be taught explicitly as inward, Spirit-produced godly character, not compassion or devotional performance.
Ungodliness / ungodly	ἀσέβεια / ἀσεβής	asebeia / asebēs	impiedad / impío	Medium	False Teachers and Their Judgment; Day of the Lord	2:5,6; 3:7	Antonym pairing with εὐσέβεια; shares the same “piedad” collision risk in reverse.
Virtue / moral excellence	ἀρετή	aretē	virtud	Medium	Growing in Christian Virtue	1:3,5	Must be taught as Spirit-empowered growth flowing from divine power (1:3), not autonomous self-improvement or works-merit.
Promise	ἐπάγγελμα / ἐπαγγελία	epaggelma / epaggelia	promesa	Medium	The Certainty of Christ’s Return; Divine Nature	1:4; 3:4,9,13	Standard word; teach with OT covenant background so “promise” is not heard as a vague hope but a guaranteed divine pledge.
Divine nature / partaker of the divine nature	θεία φύσις / κοινωνός	theia physis / koinōnos	naturaleza divina / partícipes de la naturaleza divina	Critical	Divine Nature and Escaping Corruption	1:4	The curriculum’s signature doctrine. Must be distinguished from (a) pantheistic “todos somos divinos” teaching common in Latin American esoteric/New Age circles, (b) Mormon exaltation theology, and (c) any collapse of the Creator-creature distinction. Correct sense: relational/moral participation in God’s holiness and incorruptibility through union with Christ, not ontological merger with God’s essence. Requires an explicit teaching note at every occurrence.
Corruption	φθορά	phthora	corrupción	Medium	Divine Nature and Escaping Corruption	1:4; 2:12,19	Retain both moral (sin’s corrupting power) and destructive (ruin/perishing) senses.
Lust / evil desire	ἐπιθυμία	epithymia	deseos (corruptos)	Medium	Divine Nature and Escaping Corruption; False Teachers	1:4; 2:10,18; 3:3	”Concupiscencia” is the classic Reina-Valera rendering; “deseos corruptos” is clearer at this curriculum’s target reading level.
Self-control	ἐγκράτεια	egkrateia	dominio propio	Medium	Growing in Christian Virtue	1:6	Standard; contrast with false teachers’ ἀσέλγεια.
Steadfastness / endurance (human, under trial)	ὑπομονή	hypomonē	perseverancia	Medium	Growing in Christian Virtue	1:6	Deliberately distinguished from μακροθυμία (God’s patience, below) to preserve the difference between human endurance and divine forbearance.
Brotherly affection	φιλαδελφία	philadelphia	afecto fraternal	Low	Growing in Christian Virtue	1:7	Standard.
Love	ἀγάπη	agapē	amor	Medium	Growing in Christian Virtue	1:7	Not present in the baseline Romans package. Must be taught as self-giving, covenantal ἀγάπη, not the romantic/sentimental connotation common in popular Spanish usage.
Coming / Second Coming	παρουσία	parousia	venida	High	The Certainty of Christ’s Return	1:16; 3:4,12	Must not be confused with “Adviento” (Advent), the Catholic liturgical season anticipating the first coming/Christmas; this term is exclusively the future, visible, bodily Second Coming, foreshadowed at the Transfiguration.
Eyewitness	ἐπόπτης	epoptēs	testigos oculares	Medium	Reliability and Inspiration of Scripture	1:16	Retain the force of first-person, sensory verification underlying apostolic authority.
Majesty	μεγαλειότης	megaleiotēs	majestad	Low	Deity of Christ	1:16	Standard, no rival meaning.
Made more sure / confirmed	βέβαιος (βεβαιότερον)	bebaios	más firme / confirmada	Medium	Reliability and Inspiration of Scripture	1:19	Must not imply prophecy was previously unreliable; the point is mutual confirmation of two divinely grounded witnesses (eyewitness testimony + prophetic word).
Morning star / light-bearer	φωσφόρος	phōsphoros	estrella de la mañana	High	The Certainty of Christ’s Return	1:19	GROUNDED RISK: the Latin Vulgate renders this same Greek concept in Isaiah 14:12 as “lucifer,” the historical source of the Western identification of “Lucifer” with Satan. Must never be abbreviated to a bare “lucero” without the full clarifying phrase, to avoid applying a satanic-associated term to Christ.
Scripture(s)	γραφή	graphē	Escritura(s)	High	Reliability and Inspiration of Scripture	1:20; 3:16	Must be taught as the unique, divinely inspired collection of biblical texts, distinguished from the broader Catholic framework in which Sacred Tradition and Magisterial teaching stand alongside Scripture as co-authoritative (per baseline’s inspiration_of_scripture doctrine note, elevated here as this curriculum’s central doctrine).
(One’s own) interpretation / origination	ἐπίλυσις (ἰδίας ἐπιλύσεως)	epilysis (idias epilyseōs)	interpretación propia / origen propio	CRITICAL	Reliability and Inspiration of Scripture	1:20	GROUNDED RISK: historically the central Catholic-Protestant apologetic fault line over this verse. Catholic apologetics has cited it against Protestant “private interpretation” of Scripture (interpretive-authority reading); the grammatical-historical reading (confirmed by v.21) concerns prophecy’s divine origin, not who may read/apply Scripture. The Spanish rendering and teaching note must make clear this verse addresses Scripture’s source, not interpretive authority, so as not to import an unrelated debate into the text.
Carried along (by the Spirit)	φερόμενοι (φέρω)	pheromenoi	impulsados / llevados	High	Reliability and Inspiration of Scripture	1:21	The technical term for the doctrine of inspiration; must not be flattened to a generic “inspirados” suggesting mere human creative inspiration rather than the Spirit’s active, sovereign superintendence of the human authors’ genuine speech.
False teachers	ψευδοδιδάσκαλοι	pseudodidaskaloi	falsos maestros	Medium	False Teachers and Their Judgment	2:1	Teach as a discernment framework, not license for indiscriminate heresy-hunting.
Destructive heresies	αἵρεσις (ἀπωλείας)	hairesis (apōleias)	herejías (destructivas)	Medium	False Teachers and Their Judgment	2:1	”Hereje/herejía” carries strong Spanish Inquisition-era historical resonance; connotative intensity to note in teaching material, not a mistranslation risk.
Master / Sovereign Lord	δεσπότης	despotēs	Soberano Señor	Medium	Lordship of Christ (background)	2:1	Rendered distinctly from κύριος (“Señor”) to preserve the different Greek root while retaining the absolute-ownership/sovereignty sense; avoid collapsing both Greek words into an identical undifferentiated Spanish phrase.
Sensuality	ἀσέλγεια	aselgeia	sensualidad / libertinaje	Medium	False Teachers and Their Judgment	2:2,7,18	Standard.
Greed / covetousness	πλεονεξία	pleonexia	codicia	Low-Medium	False Teachers and Their Judgment	2:3,14	Standard.
Judgment	κρίμα / κρίσις	krima / krisis	juicio	Medium	False Teachers and Their Judgment; Day of the Lord	2:3,4,9; 3:7	Retain forensic, certain, already-decreed sense.
Destruction / perdition	ἀπώλεια	apōleia	perdición	Medium	False Teachers and Their Judgment	2:1,3; 3:7,16	Must not be softened to mere “loss” or “failure.”
Tartarus (fallen angels’ present confinement)	Τάρταρος (ταρταρώσας) / ζόφος	tartarōsas / zophos	infierno (Tártaro) / cadenas de oscuridad	High	False Teachers and Their Judgment	2:4	GROUNDED RISK: standard Spanish Bibles render this unique term as “infierno,” which in Catholic and popular usage denotes the final, eternal place of punishment. Requires a clarifying note distinguishing the fallen angels’ present, temporary confinement from the final eschatological judgment (lake of fire) referenced elsewhere in Scripture.
Flood	κατακλυσμός	kataklysmos	diluvio	Low	False Teachers and Their Judgment (background)	2:5; 3:6	Standard, Noahic Flood.
Authority / dominion (angelic powers)	κυριότης	kyriotēs	autoridad	Medium	False Teachers and Their Judgment	2:10	Deliberately not rendered “señorío” to avoid conflating this abstract term for a class of authorities with the baseline’s exclusive “Señor” (κύριος) title for Christ.
Defilement	μιασμός	miasmos	contaminación	Medium	False Teachers and Their Judgment	2:10,20	Moral filth produced by unchecked lust.
Wages of unrighteousness / unrighteousness	ἀδικία	adikia	injusticia	Low-Medium	False Teachers and Their Judgment	2:13,15	Antonym of the baseline’s “justicia.”
Freedom / liberty	ἐλευθερία	eleutheria	libertad	Medium	False Teachers and Their Judgment	2:19	Must be distinguished from genuine Christian freedom from sin’s dominion; the false teachers’ promised “liberty” is in fact slavery to corruption — teach the contrast explicitly.
Holy commandment	ἁγία ἐντολή	hagia entolē	santo mandamiento	Low-Medium	False Teachers and Their Judgment	2:21	”Santo” = baseline reuse; “mandamiento” standard.
Scoffers / mockers	ἐμπαῖκται	empaiktai	burladores / escarnecedores	Medium	False Teachers; Certainty of Christ’s Return	3:3	End-times scoffers denying Christ’s return.
”A day as a thousand years”	(3:8 formula)	—	un día es como mil años	Medium	Patience of God’s Timing	3:8	Must not be read as a literal numeric decoding formula (common in date-setting speculation); it is a statement about God’s transcendence of human time-perception.
Is slow / delays	βραδύνει	bradynei	se tarda / es lento	Medium	Patience of God’s Timing	3:9	Must be immediately paired with μακροθυμία below so Peter’s negation (“not slow…but patient”) is not lost.
Patience / longsuffering (divine)	μακροθυμία / μακροθυμέω	makrothymia / makrothymeō	paciencia	High	Patience of God’s Timing	3:9,15	GROUNDED RISK: deliberately distinct from ὑπομονή (“perseverancia,” human endurance). Popular vernacular (“Dios se tarda”) can carry a fatalistic or faintly negative connotation of divine unreliability; end-times speculation subcultures treat perceived “delay” as license for date-setting. Must be taught as purposeful forbearance giving opportunity for repentance, not inaction or unfaithfulness.
Repentance	μετάνοια	metanoia	arrepentimiento	High	Patience of God’s Timing; The Day of the Lord and Final Judgment	3:9	GROUNDED RISK: absent from the baseline package; doctrinally sensitive on the same axis as “justificación”/“salvación.” Catholic sacramental theology frames repentance largely through the sacrament of penance/confession (contrition, confession, works of satisfaction); this curriculum requires the sense of inward, Spirit-produced change of heart preceding and distinct from any ritual act — must not be equated with “hacer penitencia” or “ir a confesarse.”
Day of the Lord	ἡμέρα κυρίου	hēmera kyriou	el día del Señor	CRITICAL	The Day of the Lord and Final Judgment	3:10	GROUNDED RISK: “el día del Señor” is the standard Spanish Christian idiom for Sunday (from Rev 1:10, applied to weekly worship). Using the identical phrase for 2 Peter 3’s cosmic, unrepeatable day of judgment risks a serious category confusion between routine weekly observance and the final eschatological event. Every occurrence requires a disambiguating modifier (e.g., “el día final del Señor,” “el día del juicio de Dios”) or an explicit teaching note.
Elements (cosmic)	στοιχεῖα	stoicheia	elementos	Low-Medium	Day of the Lord and Final Judgment	3:10,12	Minor risk of astrological/alchemical “four elements” association; standard rendering otherwise.
New heavens and new earth	καινοὺς οὐρανοὺς καὶ γῆν καινήν	kainous ouranous kai gēn kainēn	cielos nuevos y tierra nueva	Medium	Day of the Lord and Final Judgment	3:13	Teach consistently with a bodily-resurrection framework (final renewal, not annihilation, of the physical order).
Holy conduct / godly behavior	ἁγία ἀναστροφή / εὐσέβεια	hagia anastrophē / eusebeia	conducta santa y piadosa	Medium	Day of the Lord and Final Judgment; Growing in Christian Virtue	3:11	”Piadosa” shares the εὐσέβεια/“piedad” collision risk noted above.
Twist / distort (Scripture)	στρεβλόω	streblóō	tuercen / distorsionan	High	Reliability and Inspiration of Scripture	3:16	Companion warning to 1:20-21: Scripture (including Paul’s letters, already regarded as such) can be willfully misinterpreted to the twisters’ own destruction.

Risk Tier Summary (2 Peter New Terms, Part B)

Risk Tier	Count	Terms
Critical	3	naturaleza divina/partícipes; interpretación propia (ἐπίλυσις); el día del Señor
High	10	conocimiento pleno (ἐπίγνωσις); piedad (εὐσέβεια); venida (παρουσία); estrella de la mañana (φωσφόρος); Escritura(s) (γραφή); impulsados/llevados (φερόμενοι); infierno/Tártaro; paciencia (μακροθυμία); arrepentimiento (μετάνοια); tuercen/distorsionan (στρεβλόω)
Medium	20	virtud, promesa, corrupción, deseos, dominio propio, perseverancia, amor, testigos oculares, más firme/confirmada, falsos maestros, herejías, Soberano Señor, sensualidad, codicia, juicio, perdición, diluvio, autoridad, contaminación, injusticia, libertad, santo mandamiento, burladores, un día es como mil años, se tarda/es lento, elementos, cielos nuevos y tierra nueva, conducta santa y piadosa, impiedad/impío, wages/adikía, afecto fraternal (Low-Medium boundary items included per above table)
Low	remaining	majestad, ángeles que pecaron, diluvio, Sodoma y Gomorra, el justo Lot, rescatar/librar, manchas y máculas, Balaam, fuentes sin agua, palabras infladas y vacías, santo mandamiento (root), proverbio, recuerdo/memoria, sin mancha y sin mancilla, firmeza

This glossary, together with 07_semantic_analysis.md, feeds directly into the Phase 1 doctrine risk registry and translation memory updates for the 2 Peter curriculum. All Critical and High risk terms above require human theologian review routing in Phase 2, consistent with the baseline’s review-routing convention.

Critical Risk Terms

Righteousness

Approved rendering: justicia
Transliteration: dikaiosynē
Doctrine: Salvation
Rejected alternatives: rectitud moral autónoma, mérito acumulado
Original: δικαιοσύνη
Category: Salvation

Inherited from Romans package. In 2 Peter used both forensically (1:1, ‘la justicia de nuestro Dios y Salvador’) and ethically of Noah’s and Lot’s righteous conduct (2:5,7-8) and the future order ‘en que mora la justicia’ (3:13); teach both senses without collapsing either into self-achieved merit.

Salvation

Approved rendering: salvación
Transliteration: sōtēria
Doctrine: Salvation
Rejected alternatives: salvarse por buenas obras, merecer el cielo mediante sacramentos y penitencia
Original: σωτηρία
Category: Salvation

Inherited from Romans package. 2 Peter 3:15: ‘la paciencia de nuestro Señor es salvación’ — a decisive reconciliation received by faith, not a lifelong, uncertain outcome secured through sacraments, penance, and saintly or Marian intercession.

Lord

Approved rendering: Señor
Transliteration: kyrios
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: Señor mío (devotional-only, without lordship claim over the whole of life)
Original: κύριος
Category: Christology

Inherited from Romans package. In 2 Peter also underlies the compound ‘el día del Señor’ (3:10, see new term hemera_kyriou) and must be kept lexically distinct from δεσπότης (‘Soberano Señor,’ see new term despotes).

Son Of God

Approved rendering: Hijo de Dios / mi Hijo amado
Transliteration: huios theou / ho huios mou ho agapētos mou
Doctrine: Sonship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: hijo de Dios en el sentido genérico aplicado a todo creyente
Original: ὁ υἱός μου ὁ ἀγαπητός μου
Category: Christology

Inherited from Romans package. Rendered contextually as ‘mi Hijo amado’ at the Father’s direct speech in 1:17; must not be read as the adoptive ‘hijos de Dios’ sense applied to believers generally.

God

Approved rendering: Dios
Transliteration: theos
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Original: θεός
Category: God

Inherited from Romans package. Universally standard; no rival deity-name confusion in mainstream Hispanic Christian usage.

Holy Spirit

Approved rendering: Espíritu Santo
Transliteration: pneuma hagion
Doctrine: Reliability and Inspiration of Scripture
Rejected alternatives: una fuerza impersonal, un espíritu guía o ancestral
Original: πνεῦμα ἅγιον
Category: God

Inherited from Romans package. 2 Peter 1:21: the direct, personal agent of prophetic inspiration; distinguish explicitly from an impersonal force or ancestral/guide spirit invoked in Espiritismo and Santería.

Jesus

Approved rendering: Jesús
Transliteration: Iēsous
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ

Inherited from Romans package. 2 Peter consistently uses the fused compound ‘Jesucristo’ rather than bare ‘Jesús’; see new term jesus_christ for the compound form’s own entry and rationale.

Jesus Christ

Approved rendering: Jesucristo
Transliteration: Iēsous Christos
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Rejected alternatives: separar en ‘Jesús’ y ‘Cristo’ como si fueran dos títulos distintos sin conexión gramatical
Original: Ἰησοῦς Χριστός
Category: Christology

New term extending the baseline ‘jesus’ entry. 2 Peter uses the fused compound consistently (1:1,2,8,11,14,16; 2:20; 3:18); must retain as a single compound name-title, never split.

Savior

Approved rendering: Salvador
Transliteration: sōtēr
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Rejected alternatives: separar ‘Dios’ y ‘Salvador’ como referentes distintos en 1:1 (‘de nuestro Dios, y de nuestro Salvador Jesucristo’)
Original: σωτήρ
Category: Christology

1:1’s single-referent Greek construction ‘nuestro Dios y Salvador Jesucristo’ is a direct grammatical assertion of Christ’s deity; never render with a comma-and-conjunction split that would wrongly suggest two separate persons/objects of address.

Theia Physis

Approved rendering: naturaleza divina / partícipes de la naturaleza divina
Transliteration: theia physis / koinōnos
Doctrine: Divine Nature and Escaping Corruption
Rejected alternatives: divinización ontológica (‘convertirse en dioses’), identidad esencial con Dios (the Advaita Vedanta atman-Brahman framing, and broader New Age ‘todos somos divinos’ teaching)
Original: θεία φύσις / κοινωνός
Category: Divine Nature

CRITICAL — this curriculum’s signature doctrine (1:4). Must be distinguished from (a) pantheistic ‘todos somos divinos’ teaching common in Latin American esoteric/New Age circles, (b) Mormon exaltation theology, and (c) Hindu Advaita monism’s atman-Brahman identity, the single most acute cross-religious parallel-but-opposite doctrine in the curriculum. Correct sense: relational/moral participation in God’s holiness and incorruptibility through union with Christ, never ontological merger. Requires an explicit teaching note at every occurrence.

Epilysis

Approved rendering: interpretación propia / origen propio
Transliteration: idias epilyseōs
Doctrine: Reliability and Inspiration of Scripture
Rejected alternatives: lectura privada del creyente (the Catholic apologetic ‘private interpretation’ reading — explicitly rejected as importing an unrelated debate into the verse)
Original: ἰδίας ἐπιλύσεως
Category: Scripture

CRITICAL (1:20). Historically the central Catholic-Protestant apologetic fault line over this verse. The grammatical-historical reading (confirmed by v.21) concerns prophecy’s divine ORIGIN, not who may read/interpret Scripture. Render with syntax that makes the origin-question explicit and require a mandatory teaching note distinguishing source from interpretive authority.

Hemera Kyriou

Approved rendering: el día del Señor (el día final del Señor)
Transliteration: hēmera kyriou
Doctrine: The Day of the Lord and Final Judgment
Rejected alternatives: el día del Señor sin calificación (explicitly rejected as a standalone doctrinal phrase — collides with the standing Spanish Christian idiom for Sunday)
Original: ἡμέρα κυρίου
Category: Eschatology

CRITICAL (3:10). ‘El día del Señor’ is the standard Spanish Christian idiom for Sunday (from Revelation 1:10, applied liturgically to weekly worship). Every occurrence in doctrinal/teaching material requires a disambiguating modifier (‘el día final del Señor,’ ‘el día del juicio de Dios’); direct Scripture quotation of 3:10 may use the unmodified phrase but must be immediately followed by a clarifying note.

High Risk Terms

Grace

Approved rendering: gracia
Transliteration: charis
Doctrine: Grace
Rejected alternatives: favor merecido, recompensa por buenas obras
Original: χάρις
Category: Salvation

Inherited from Romans package (exact baseline rendering and risk retained). Gracia is standard across all Spanish Bible traditions; Catholic catechesis historically frames grace as infused and increased through sacramental cooperation and merit, while this curriculum requires the unmerited-favor-received-by-faith sense. In 2 Peter 1:2 and the closing doxology 3:18, ‘gracia’ must not drift toward a merit-cooperation reading.

Faith

Approved rendering: fe
Transliteration: pistis
Doctrine: Faith
Rejected alternatives: devoción religiosa general, creencia cultural heredada
Original: πίστις
Category: Salvation

Inherited from Romans package. Personal trust in Christ, not inherited cultural religiosity or devotional loyalty to a saint or the Virgin. 2 Peter 1:1’s ‘ἰσότιμον πίστιν’ (fe de igual valor, see new term isotimon_pistis) extends this term to affirm no second-tier believers.

Calling

Approved rendering: llamado
Transliteration: klēsis
Doctrine: Divine Calling
Rejected alternatives: vocación (in the narrow sense of a call to priesthood or religious life)

Inherited from Romans package. 2 Peter 1:10 pairs it with ‘elección’: ‘confirmad vuestro llamado y elección.’ Never narrow to the Catholic-culture sense of ‘vocación religiosa.‘

Election

Approved rendering: elección
Transliteration: eklogē
Doctrine: Effectual Calling
Rejected alternatives: destino, suerte

Inherited from Romans package. Paired with ‘llamado’ at 1:10; avoid fatalistic ‘destino/suerte’ framing.

Holy

Approved rendering: santo
Transliteration: hagios
Doctrine: Sanctification and Holiness
Rejected alternatives: puro en sentido ritual
Original: ἅγιος
Category: Sanctification

Inherited from Romans package. Applied in 2 Peter to the Transfiguration mountain (1:18, ‘monte santo’), the OT prophets (1:21; 3:2), and future holy conduct (3:11) — every-instance, every-believer sense. ‘Monte santo’ additionally risks a pilgrimage/shrine-site misreading (cf. Marian apparition sites) rather than a place made holy solely by a single, unrepeated theophany.

Sin

Approved rendering: pecado / pecar
Transliteration: hamartia / hamartanō
Doctrine: Judgment of Fallen Angels
Rejected alternatives: falta (minimizing euphemism common in pastoral speech)
Original: ἁμαρτάνω / ἁμαρτία
Category: Church

Inherited from Romans package. 2 Peter 2:4: ‘ángeles que pecaron,’ cited as a judgment precedent; retain full moral weight, never soften to ‘falta.‘

Glory

Approved rendering: gloria
Transliteration: doxa
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Original: δόξα
Category: Christology

Inherited from Romans package (baseline listed this term Medium; 2 Peter’s bible_term_registry.json elevates it to High given its role in the Transfiguration deity text). Includes the reverent circumlocution ‘la Gloria majestuosa’ for God the Father at 1:17 (see new term megaloprepes_doxa) and the closing doxology at 3:18.

Father

Approved rendering: Padre
Transliteration: patēr
Doctrine: Sonship of Christ
Original: πατήρ
Category: God

Inherited from Romans package (baseline listed this term Critical; 2 Peter’s bible_term_registry.json records it as High). 2 Peter 1:17: God the Father’s voice authenticating the Son at the Transfiguration.

Epignosis

Approved rendering: conocimiento pleno
Transliteration: epignōsis
Doctrine: Full Knowledge of Christ
Rejected alternatives: conocimiento (flattens the distinction from γνῶσις), conocimiento superior/iniciático (neo-Gnostic/esoteric framing)
Original: ἐπίγνωσις
Category: Salvation

GROUNDED RISK: Spanish lacks a lexeme distinct from γνῶσις; also risks drift toward neo-Gnostic/New Age ‘conocimiento superior’ movements active in parts of Latin America, which teach a self-attained secret knowledge — the opposite of 2 Peter’s relational, grace-given knowledge of Christ. Qualify as ‘conocimiento pleno de nuestro Señor’ at every occurrence (1:2,3,8; 2:20; cf. 3:18).

Eusebeia

Approved rendering: piedad
Transliteration: eusebeia
Doctrine: Godliness as Inward Character
Rejected alternatives: devoción (too narrowly liturgical), piedad popular (external devotional-practice sense; explicitly rejected as the operative meaning)
Original: εὐσέβεια
Category: Sanctification

GROUNDED RISK: ‘piedad’ primarily means pity/mercy in everyday Spanish (‘tener piedad de alguien’), and ‘piedad popular’ in Catholic culture denotes external devotional practices (novenas, processions, Marian devotions). Must be taught explicitly as inward, Spirit-produced godly character (1:3,6-7; 3:11).

Arete

Approved rendering: virtud
Transliteration: aretē
Doctrine: Growing in Christian Virtue
Rejected alternatives: excelencia moral autónoma (classical/Stoic self-cultivation framing, explicitly rejected)
Original: ἀρετή
Category: Sanctification

Must be taught as Spirit-empowered growth flowing from ‘poder divino’ (1:3), not autonomous self-improvement or works-merit, echoing the baseline’s grace-versus-merit caution (1:3,5).

Parousia

Approved rendering: venida
Transliteration: parousia
Doctrine: The Certainty of Christ’s Return
Rejected alternatives: parusía (technical loanword, no mainstream Bible-translation precedent, rejected as too obscure for target reading level), Adviento (explicitly rejected — the Catholic liturgical season for Christ’s first coming)
Original: παρουσία
Category: Eschatology

GROUNDED RISK (1:16; 3:4,12). Must always be qualified: ‘la segunda venida de Cristo’ or ‘el regreso visible y corporal de Cristo,’ never a bare ‘venida’ standing for the whole doctrine, to avoid drift toward ‘Adviento.‘

Phosphoros

Approved rendering: estrella de la mañana
Transliteration: phōsphoros
Doctrine: The Certainty of Christ’s Return
Rejected alternatives: lucero (FORBIDDEN as a standalone rendering — the root of ‘Lucifer,’ the satanic title via the Vulgate’s Isaiah 14:12), fósforo (semantic mismatch — modern Spanish ‘phosphorus/match’)
Original: φωσφόρος
Category: Christology

GROUNDED RISK (1:19). Never abbreviate below the full phrase ‘la estrella de la mañana’; abbreviating to a bare ‘lucero’ applied to Christ risks a jarring, doctrinally backwards satanic association.

Graphe

Approved rendering: Escritura(s)
Transliteration: graphē
Doctrine: Reliability and Inspiration of Scripture
Rejected alternatives: Tradición y Escritura como co-autoridades (explicitly rejected as the operative frame for this doctrine)
Original: γραφή
Category: Scripture

1:20; 3:16. Must be taught as the unique, divinely inspired collection distinguished from the wider Catholic framework in which Sacred Tradition and Magisterial teaching stand alongside Scripture as co-authoritative.

Pheromenoi

Approved rendering: impulsados / llevados
Transliteration: pheromenoi
Doctrine: Reliability and Inspiration of Scripture
Rejected alternatives: inspirados (too generic/artistic-creativity connotation, rejected as the technical doctrinal term)
Original: φερόμενοι
Category: Scripture

1:21. The technical term for the doctrine of inspiration itself — a nautical image of a ship driven by wind; must not flatten into a vague ‘inspirados’ suggesting mere human creative inspiration rather than the Spirit’s active, sovereign superintendence.

Streblo

Approved rendering: tuercen / distorsionan
Transliteration: streblóō
Doctrine: Reliability and Inspiration of Scripture
Rejected alternatives: malinterpretan (too soft — loses the willful, culpable ‘twisting’ sense)
Original: στρεβλόω
Category: Scripture

3:16. Companion warning to 1:20-21: Scripture, including Paul’s letters already regarded as such, can be willfully misinterpreted to the twisters’ own destruction.

Tartaros

Approved rendering: infierno (Tártaro) / cadenas de oscuridad
Transliteration: tartarōsas / seirais zophou
Doctrine: Judgment of Fallen Angels
Rejected alternatives: infierno solo, sin calificación (explicitly rejected — collapses present/temporary confinement with final/eternal punishment)
Original: ταρταρώσας / σειραῖς ζόφου
Category: False Teaching

GROUNDED RISK (2:4). Standard Spanish Bibles render Τάρταρος as ‘infierno’ alone, which in Catholic and popular usage denotes the final, eternal place of punishment. Requires ‘infierno (Tártaro)’ plus a mandatory clarifying note distinguishing the fallen angels’ present, temporary holding place from the final eschatological lake of fire.

Makrothymia

Approved rendering: paciencia
Transliteration: makrothymia / makrothymei
Doctrine: Patience of God’s Timing
Rejected alternatives: perseverancia (reserved exclusively for ὑπομονή, human endurance; explicitly rejected here to preserve the distinction)
Original: μακροθυμία / μακροθυμεῖ
Category: Eschatology

GROUNDED RISK (3:9,15). Popular vernacular ‘Dios se tarda’ carries a fatalistic/negative connotation of divine unreliability, the opposite of Peter’s point that God’s patience is purposeful mercy giving opportunity for repentance. Also relevant to end-times date-setting subcultures.

Metanoia

Approved rendering: arrepentimiento
Transliteration: metanoia
Doctrine: Repentance
Rejected alternatives: hacer penitencia (Catholic sacramental works-of-satisfaction framing, explicitly rejected), ir a confesarse (equating with the sacrament of confession, explicitly rejected)

GROUNDED RISK (3:9). Catholic sacramental theology frames repentance largely through the sacrament of penance/confession; this curriculum requires the sense of an inward, Spirit-produced change of heart preceding and distinct from any ritual act.

Medium Risk Terms

Peace

Approved rendering: paz
Transliteration: eirēnē
Doctrine: Peace with God
Rejected alternatives: tranquilidad emocional
Original: εἰρήνη
Category: Salvation

Inherited from Romans package. Standard apostolic greeting pairing with ‘gracia’ at 1:2.

Church

Approved rendering: iglesia
Transliteration: ekklēsia
Doctrine: Church as God’s People
Rejected alternatives: la Iglesia (institución jerárquica en sentido católico-institucional)

Inherited from Romans package. No direct occurrence of ἐκκλησία in 2 Peter’s text; retained for cross-curriculum consistency when teaching material addresses the letter’s original recipients as gathered churches.

Kingdom Of God

Approved rendering: reino de Dios
Transliteration: basileia tou theou
Doctrine: Eternal Kingdom Hope
Original: αἰώνιον βασιλείαν
Category: Church

Inherited from Romans package. 2 Peter 1:11 speaks of the ‘eterno reino de nuestro Señor y Salvador Jesucristo’; God’s sovereign reign, not a political entity or nationalist reward.

Power Of God

Approved rendering: poder de Dios
Transliteration: dynamis theou
Doctrine: Power of God for Salvation

Inherited from Romans package. Basis for this curriculum’s new compound term ‘poder divino’ (θεία δύναμις, 1:3; see new term theia_dynamis).

Isotimon Pistis

Approved rendering: fe de igual valor
Transliteration: isotimos pistis
Doctrine: Faith
Rejected alternatives: fe común (loses the ‘equal standing/value’ nuance)
Original: ἰσότιμος πίστις
Category: Salvation

2 Peter 1:1: all believers, Jew or Gentile, receive faith of identical worth — no second-tier believers.

Gnosis

Approved rendering: conocimiento
Transliteration: gnōsis
Doctrine: Growing in Christian Virtue
Original: γνῶσις
Category: Salvation

Distinguish from ἐπίγνωσις (conocimiento pleno) via a qualifying gloss whenever both appear in the same passage (1:5-6; 3:18).

Theia Dynamis

Approved rendering: poder divino
Transliteration: theia dynamis
Doctrine: Growing in Christian Virtue
Original: θεία δύναμις
Category: God

Builds on baseline ‘poder de Dios’ (power_of_god). 1:3: God’s divine power supplying everything needed for life and godliness — the enabling source of the virtue chain of 1:5-7, not autonomous human effort.

Asebeia

Approved rendering: impiedad / impío
Transliteration: asebeia / asebēs
Doctrine: False Teachers and Their Judgment
Original: ἀσέβεια
Category: Sanctification

Antonym of εὐσέβεια; shares the same ‘piedad’ collision risk in reverse (2:5-6; 3:7).

Promesa

Approved rendering: promesa
Transliteration: epaggelma / epaggelia
Doctrine: The Certainty of Christ’s Return

1:4; 3:4,9,13. Standard word; teach with OT covenant background so ‘promesa’ is heard as a guaranteed divine pledge, not a vague hope.

Phthora

Approved rendering: corrupción
Transliteration: phthora
Doctrine: Divine Nature and Escaping Corruption
Original: φθορά
Category: Divine Nature

Must retain both moral (sin’s corrupting effect, 1:4) and destructive/ruin (2:12,19) senses; modern Spanish ‘corrupción’ defaults to political/financial connotation and must not narrow the term.

Epithymia

Approved rendering: deseos (corruptos)
Transliteration: epithymia
Doctrine: Divine Nature and Escaping Corruption
Rejected alternatives: concupiscencia (classic Reina-Valera term; acceptable liturgical-register alternative, not forbidden, but less clear at this curriculum’s reading level)
Original: ἐπιθυμία
Category: Divine Nature

1:4; 2:10,18; 3:3. ‘Deseos corruptos’ is clearer than the archaic ‘concupiscencia’ at the target reading level.

Egkrateia

Approved rendering: dominio propio
Transliteration: egkrateia
Doctrine: Growing in Christian Virtue
Original: ἐγκράτεια
Category: Sanctification

1:6. Contrasted with the false teachers’ ἀσέλγεια (sensualidad/libertinaje).

Hypomone

Approved rendering: perseverancia
Transliteration: hypomonē
Doctrine: Growing in Christian Virtue
Rejected alternatives: paciencia (reserved exclusively for μακροθυμία, God’s forbearance; explicitly rejected here to preserve the distinction)
Original: ὑπομονή
Category: Sanctification

1:6. Registry-fixed lexical split against μακροθυμία: ‘perseverancia’ = human endurance under trial only; never swap with ‘paciencia,’ even for stylistic variety.

Agape

Approved rendering: amor
Transliteration: agapē
Doctrine: Growing in Christian Virtue
Rejected alternatives: amor romántico/sentimental (explicitly rejected connotation from popular Spanish usage, song lyrics, telenovelas)
Original: ἀγάπη
Category: Sanctification

1:7 (culminates the virtue chain); 3:18 (implicit in the closing exhortation). Must be taught as self-giving, covenantal ἀγάπη, not romantic/sentimental ‘amor,’ nor reduced merely to φιλαδελφία which precedes it.

Mythos

Approved rendering: fábulas ingeniosas / mitos artificiosamente elaborados
Transliteration: sesophismenoi mythoi
Doctrine: Apostolic Eyewitness Testimony
Rejected alternatives: mitos (bare, without ‘ingeniosos/artificiosamente elaborados,’ loses the force of deliberate fabrication)
Original: σεσοφισμένοι μῦθοι
Category: Scripture

1:16. ‘Mito’ alone is understood as fictional legend with low collision risk, but must retain the sense of deliberate human fabrication Peter explicitly denies, contrasting with pagan mythological literature and later gnostic mythologizing.

Epoptes

Approved rendering: testigos oculares
Transliteration: epoptēs
Doctrine: Apostolic Eyewitness Testimony
Original: ἐπόπτης
Category: Scripture

1:16. Must retain the force of first-person, sensory verification underlying apostolic authority.

Megaloprepes Doxa

Approved rendering: la Gloria majestuosa
Transliteration: megaloprepous doxēs
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Rejected alternatives: un atributo divino abstracto y separado (explicitly rejected — this is a reverent title for God the Father himself, not a personified attribute)

1:17. A reverent circumlocution for God the Father, avoiding direct utterance of the divine Name; must be recognized as a title for God, not an abstract force personified.

Bebaios

Approved rendering: más firme / confirmada
Transliteration: bebaioteron
Doctrine: Reliability and Inspiration of Scripture
Original: βεβαιότερον
Category: Scripture

1:19. Must not imply prophecy was previously unreliable; the point is mutual confirmation of two divinely grounded witnesses (eyewitness testimony + prophetic word).

Pseudodidaskaloi

Approved rendering: falsos maestros
Transliteration: pseudodidaskaloi
Doctrine: False Teachers and Their Judgment
Original: ψευδοδιδάσκαλοι
Category: False Teaching

2:1. Teach as a discernment framework, not license for indiscriminate heresy-hunting.

Hairesis

Approved rendering: herejías (destructivas)
Transliteration: haireseis apōleias
Doctrine: False Teachers and Their Judgment
Original: αἱρέσεις ἀπωλείας
Category: False Teaching

2:1. ‘Hereje/herejía’ carries strong Spanish Inquisition-era historical resonance; connotative-intensity note required in teaching material, not a mistranslation risk.

Despotes

Approved rendering: Soberano Señor
Transliteration: despotēs
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: señorío/Señor sin distinción (explicitly rejected — would collapse δεσπότης and κύριος into an identical undifferentiated phrase)
Original: δεσπότης
Category: Christology

2:1. Rendered distinctly from κύριος (‘Señor’) to preserve the different Greek root while retaining the absolute-ownership/sovereignty sense.

Aselgeia

Approved rendering: sensualidad / libertinaje
Transliteration: aselgeia
Doctrine: False Teachers’ Immorality and Greed
Original: ἀσέλγεια
Category: False Teaching

2:2,7,18. Standard.

Pleonexia

Approved rendering: codicia
Transliteration: pleonexia
Doctrine: False Teachers’ Immorality and Greed
Original: πλεονεξία
Category: False Teaching

2:3,14. Standard.

Krima Krisis

Approved rendering: juicio
Transliteration: krima / krisis
Doctrine: False Teachers and Their Judgment
Rejected alternatives: posibilidad futura vaga (explicitly rejected — the sense must remain forensic and already-decreed)
Original: κρίμα / κρίσις
Category: False Teaching

2:3,4,9; 3:7. Must retain the forensic, certain, already-decreed sense.

Apoleia

Approved rendering: perdición
Transliteration: apōleia
Doctrine: False Teachers and Their Judgment
Rejected alternatives: pérdida/fracaso (softened, explicitly rejected)
Original: ἀπώλεια
Category: False Teaching

2:1,3; 3:7,16. Must not be softened to mere ‘loss’ or ‘failure.‘

Kyriotes

Approved rendering: autoridad
Transliteration: kyriotēs
Doctrine: False Teachers and Their Judgment
Rejected alternatives: señorío (explicitly rejected — would create a visual/aural echo of Christ’s exclusive title ‘Señor’ being applied to a class of created powers)
Original: κυριότης
Category: False Teaching

2:10. Abstract term for a class of angelic/celestial authorities the false teachers arrogantly despise.

Miasmos

Approved rendering: contaminación
Transliteration: miasmos
Doctrine: False Teachers’ Immorality and Greed
Original: μιασμός
Category: False Teaching

2:10,20. Moral filth produced by unchecked lust.

Adikia

Approved rendering: injusticia
Transliteration: adikia
Doctrine: False Teachers’ Immorality and Greed
Original: ἀδικία
Category: False Teaching

2:13,15. Antonym of the baseline’s ‘justicia.‘

Eleutheria

Approved rendering: libertad
Transliteration: eleutheria
Doctrine: False Teachers’ Immorality and Greed
Rejected alternatives: libertad cristiana genuina sin calificación (explicitly rejected — must always be paired with its ironic reversal)
Original: ἐλευθερία
Category: False Teaching

2:19. Must always be translated together with its reversal (‘una libertad que en realidad es esclavitud a la corrupción’), never left to stand alone.

Hagia Entole

Approved rendering: santo mandamiento
Transliteration: hagia entolē
Doctrine: Sanctification and Holiness
Original: ἁγία ἐντολή
Category: False Teaching

2:21. ‘Santo’ is baseline reuse; ‘mandamiento’ standard.

Empaiktai

Approved rendering: burladores / escarnecedores
Transliteration: empaiktai
Doctrine: The Certainty of Christ’s Return
Original: ἐμπαῖκται
Category: Eschatology

3:3. End-times scoffers denying the certainty of Christ’s return; direct link to False Teachers doctrine.

Day As Thousand Years

Approved rendering: un día es como mil años
Transliteration: mia hēmera para kyriō hōs chilia etē
Doctrine: Patience of God’s Timing
Rejected alternatives: fórmula numérica literal de decodificación (explicitly rejected — a common error in date-setting speculation)
Original: μία ἡμέρα παρὰ κυρίῳ ὡς χίλια ἔτη
Category: Eschatology

3:8. A statement about God’s transcendence of human time-perception, not a literal numeric decoding formula.

Bradynei

Approved rendering: se tarda / es lento
Transliteration: bradynei
Doctrine: Patience of God’s Timing
Original: βραδύνει
Category: Eschatology

3:9. Must be immediately paired with μακροθυμία (paciencia) so Peter’s negation (‘the Lord is not slow…but is patient’) is not lost.

Stoicheia

Approved rendering: elementos
Transliteration: stoicheia
Doctrine: The Day of the Lord and Final Judgment
Original: στοιχεῖα
Category: Eschatology

3:10,12. Minor risk of astrological/alchemical ‘four elements’ association; standard rendering otherwise.

Kainoi Ouranoi

Approved rendering: cielos nuevos y tierra nueva
Transliteration: kainous ouranous kai gēn kainēn
Doctrine: Cosmic Renewal: New Heavens and New Earth
Rejected alternatives: aniquilación del orden físico (explicitly rejected — this is renewal, not annihilation)
Original: καινοὺς οὐρανοὺς καὶ γῆν καινήν
Category: Eschatology

3:13. Must be taught consistently with a bodily-resurrection framework — final renewal, not annihilation, of the physical order.

Anastrophe

Approved rendering: conducta santa y piadosa
Transliteration: hagiais anastrophais kai eusebeiais
Doctrine: Godliness as Inward Character
Original: ἁγίαις ἀναστροφαῖς καὶ εὐσεβείαις
Category: Eschatology

3:11. Shares the εὐσέβεια/‘piedad’ collision risk noted above.

Low Risk Terms

Apostle

Approved rendering: apóstol
Transliteration: apostolos
Doctrine: Apostleship
Original: ἀπόστολος
Category: Church

Inherited from Romans package. Unambiguous across Spanish Christian traditions. Peter’s self-identification (1:1) and Paul’s coupled reference (3:2).

Philadelphia

Approved rendering: afecto fraternal
Transliteration: philadelphia
Doctrine: Growing in Christian Virtue
Original: φιλαδελφία
Category: Sanctification

1:7. Brotherly affection among believers.

Diligencia Anadir

Approved rendering: diligencia / añadir
Transliteration: spoudē / epichorēgeō
Doctrine: Growing in Christian Virtue

1:5. Eager effort to supply/add virtue upon virtue, itself enabled by grace.

Doulos

Approved rendering: siervo
Transliteration: doulos
Doctrine: Apostleship
Rejected alternatives: esclavo (lexically literal but breaks with established Bible-translation convention)
Original: δοῦλος
Category: Church

1:1. Peter’s self-description of total ownership by Christ; standard RV1960 convention ‘siervo.‘

Megaleiotes

Approved rendering: majestad
Transliteration: megaleiotēs
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Original: μεγαλειότης
Category: Christology

1:16. Standard theological term, no rival meaning in Spanish.

Eudokesa

Approved rendering: en quien tengo complacencia
Transliteration: eudokēsa
Doctrine: Sonship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: estoy contento con él (flatter, non-traditional phrasing, rejected)

1:17. Standard Reina-Valera-tradition phrasing for the Father’s approving pleasure in the Son.

Dysnoeta

Approved rendering: difíciles de entender
Transliteration: dysnoēta tina
Doctrine: Reliability and Inspiration of Scripture

3:16. Companion phrase to στρεβλόω; acknowledges some things in Paul’s letters are genuinely hard to understand, distinct from willful distortion.

Kataklysmos

Approved rendering: diluvio
Transliteration: kataklysmos
Doctrine: Noahic and Historical Judgment Precedents
Original: κατακλυσμός
Category: False Teaching

2:5; 3:6. Standard, the Noahic Flood.

Lot

Approved rendering: el justo Lot
Transliteration: dikaion Lōt
Doctrine: Noahic and Historical Judgment Precedents
Original: δίκαιον Λώτ
Category: History

2:7-8. Contrasting example of God rescuing the godly while judging the wicked.

Balaam

Approved rendering: Balaam
Transliteration: Balaam
Doctrine: Noahic and Historical Judgment Precedents
Original: Βαλαάμ
Category: History

2:15-16. Standard proper name; requires OT background note (Numbers 22-24).

Sodom Gomorrah

Approved rendering: Sodoma y Gomorra
Transliteration: Sodoma kai Gomorra
Doctrine: Noahic and Historical Judgment Precedents
Original: Σόδομα καὶ Γόμορρα
Category: History

2:6. Standard proper names.

Spilos Momos

Approved rendering: manchas y máculas
Transliteration: spiloi kai mōmoi
Doctrine: False Teachers’ Immorality and Greed

2:13. Sacrificial-purity imagery for the false teachers’ corrupting presence at communal meals.

Pegai Anydroi

Approved rendering: fuentes sin agua
Transliteration: pēgai anydroi
Doctrine: False Teachers and Their Judgment

2:17. Image of the false teachers’ empty promise of spiritual refreshment.

Hyperogka Kenotetos

Approved rendering: palabras infladas y vacías
Transliteration: hyperogka kenotētos
Doctrine: False Teachers and Their Judgment

2:18. The false teachers’ impressive-sounding but content-less rhetoric.

Kynon Choiron Proverb

Approved rendering: proverbio (perro que vuelve a su vómito / puerca que se revuelca en el lodo)
Transliteration: paroimia
Doctrine: Apostasy After Knowing Christ

2:22. Traditional sayings illustrating apostasy after once knowing the way of truth.

Sterigmos Plane

Approved rendering: firmeza / error (engaño)
Transliteration: stērigmos / planē
Doctrine: Growing in Christian Virtue

3:17. The stability believers must maintain against the corrupting error of lawless people.

Skenoma Exodos

Approved rendering: tienda/morada terrenal / partida
Transliteration: skēnōma / exodos
Doctrine: Apostolic Eyewitness Testimony

1:13-14. Peter’s body as a temporary tent he will soon ‘put off’; his coming death framed with covenantal Exodus imagery.

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