Semantic Analysis: Isaiah (Full Book) — English → Spanish

Curriculum: Isaiah | Core passage: Isaiah 53:1-12 Language pair: English → Spanish Generated: Phase 1, Step 1

---

Methodological Note on Original Language

The curriculum parameters label this “the original Koine Greek.” Isaiah is a Hebrew (with a few Aramaic-adjacent loanwords) Old Testament book; there is no Koine Greek original. To fulfill the analytical intent of Step 1 accurately, this analysis treats the Masoretic Hebrew text as the original-language authority for every lexical entry (original word, transliteration, literal meaning, semantic range). Where a term’s Septuagint (LXX) Greek rendering materially shaped New Testament quotation or Christian doctrinal reception (e.g., Isaiah 7:14 almah → LXX parthenos; the Servant Songs’ pais/doulos), the LXX form is cited alongside the Hebrew for translation-decision purposes, consistent with how the baseline Romans package already treats terms Paul draws directly from Isaiah (e.g., justificación, intercesión, evangelio, piedra de tropiezo).

Every term already recorded in the baseline translation_memory.json / bible_term_registry.json for Romans is reused here with its exact recorded Spanish rendering. This document does not re-adjudicate those decisions; it extends the same Language Package to Isaiah’s Hebrew vocabulary and flags every point where Isaiah is the Old Testament root of a Romans-critical term (justification, intercession, gospel, calling, righteousness, glory, holy/saints, covenant, Messiah, peace).

---

PART 1 — CORE PASSAGE: Isaiah 53:1-12 (Verse-by-Verse)

Isaiah 52:13-53:12 is the Fourth Servant Song, the theological summit of the “Suffering Servant” doctrine and the Old Testament text most densely quoted in the New Testament regarding the atonement. Every verse below is load-bearing.

Isaiah 53:1 — “Who has believed what he has heard from us? And to whom has the arm of the LORD been revealed?”

Terms	Variants	Contextual Theological Meaning	Spanish Rendering	Risk Tier & Reason
believed הֶאֱמִין (he’emin, root aman) to consider firm, trust	trust, rely on, hold to be true ”believed,” “trusted”	Trust in a report about God’s saving action — the OT root of NT pistis. Quoted John 12:38; Romans 10:16.	fe / creer (reuse baseline faith)	High — must retain personal-trust sense, not generic assent, matching baseline’s rejection of “creencia cultural heredada.”
report / what we heard שְׁמֻעָה (shemu’ah) thing heard, message	report, news, rumor ”report,” “message,” “what they have heard”	The apostolic-style proclamation about the Servant — proto-evangelio content.	mensaje / lo que hemos oído	Medium — must not be flattened to casual “noticia.”
arm of the LORD זְרוֹעַ יְהוָה (zeroa YHWH) the LORD’s arm	God’s active, saving power/might ”arm of the LORD,” “power of the LORD”	Anthropomorphic image of God’s decisive saving intervention; directly echoed in 51:9 and quoted alongside 53:1 in John 12:38.	brazo de Jehová	High — must convey active divine power exercised for salvation, not a static or literary flourish.

Synthesis: The rhetorical double question sets up the entire chapter as a confession of prior unbelief and a call to recognize God’s saving power in a figure nobody expected. This is the OT anchor for Romans 10:16’s argument about Israel’s unbelief in the gospel message.

Isaiah 53:2 — “For he grew up before him like a young plant, and like a root out of dry ground; he had no form or majesty that we should look at him, and no beauty that we should desire him.”

Terms	Variants	Contextual Theological Meaning	Spanish Rendering	Risk Tier & Reason
young plant / shoot יוֹנֵק (yonek) sucker, tender shoot	sprout, tender growth ”tender plant,” “young shoot”	Humble, unimpressive origin — anti-triumphalist Messianic imagery, contrasting royal expectation.	renuevo / vástago	Medium — must not be rendered generically as “planta,” losing the Messianic-branch resonance shared with 11:1.
root שֹׁרֶשׁ (shoresh) root	root, origin, source ”root”	Ties directly to “root of Jesse” (11:10) — continuity of the Davidic/Messianic line growing from humble, “dry” circumstances.	raíz	Medium — preserve lexical link to ch.11 for cross-chapter consistency.
form / majesty תֹאַר…הָדָר (to’ar…hadar) shape/appearance…splendor	physical appearance, royal splendor ”form,” “majesty,” “comeliness”	Denies the Servant any outward royal glory that would make him recognizable as the expected king.	hermosura / majestad	Medium — avoid overtranslating into mere physical ugliness; the point is absence of expected glory, not deformity.

Isaiah 53:3 — “He was despised and rejected by men, a man of sorrows and acquainted with grief; and as one from whom men hide their faces he was despised, and we esteemed him not.”

Terms	Variants	Contextual Theological Meaning	Spanish Rendering	Risk Tier & Reason
despised נִבְזֶה (nivzeh, root bazah) held in contempt	scorned, held worthless ”despised,” “held in low esteem”	Social and religious rejection of the very one who saves — sets up the irony developed through v.4-6.	despreciado	Medium — retain the repetition (v.3 twice) for rhetorical weight.
man of sorrows אִישׁ מַכְאֹבוֹת (ish mak’ovot) man of pains	one characterized by suffering ”man of sorrows,” “man of suffering”	Establishes the Servant’s identity as defined by suffering, not glory — central to the Suffering Servant doctrine.	varón de dolores	High — this is the most quoted title of the passage in Christian devotional and liturgical use; keep the established Spanish-Bible phrase exactly, do not paraphrase.
grief / acquainted with חֹלִי (choli) sickness	sickness, affliction, grief ”grief,” “sickness,” “affliction”	Intimate, ongoing experiential acquaintance with suffering, not a single incident.	aflicción / dolor	Medium.

Isaiah 53:4 — “Surely he has borne our griefs and carried our sorrows; yet we esteemed him stricken, smitten by God, and afflicted.”

Terms	Variants	Contextual Theological Meaning	Spanish Rendering	Risk Tier & Reason
borne נָשָׂא (nasa) to lift, carry, bear	to carry a burden; to bear guilt/punishment ”borne,” “carried,” “taken up”	Substitutionary bearing of what belongs to others; the key verb of the whole chapter (recurs v.11, v.12).	llevó	Critical — the substitutionary sense (bearing another’s due) must be preserved every occurrence; do not weaken to “sintió” or “compartió.”
carried סָבַל (sabal) to bear a load	to carry, endure a burden ”carried,” “bore”	Synonym/parallel to nasa, reinforcing substitution by poetic doubling.	sufrió / cargó	High.
stricken, smitten by God מֻכֵּה אֱלֹהִים (mukkeh Elohim) struck by God	punished directly by divine action ”smitten by God,” “stricken by God,” “punished by God”	The onlookers’ mistaken assumption that the Servant suffers for his own sin (irony overturned in v.5-6) — yet the passage will affirm real divine action, redirected as for us.	herido por Dios / azotado por Dios	Critical — this is penal-substitution seed vocabulary. Baseline already flags “atonement/propitiation language (Romans 3:25)” for mandatory theologian escalation; this verse requires the identical escalation and must not be softened into a merely natural-disaster reading of suffering.

Isaiah 53:5 — “But he was pierced for our transgressions; he was crushed for our iniquities; upon him was the chastisement that brought us peace, and with his wounds we are healed.”

Terms	Variants	Contextual Theological Meaning	Spanish Rendering	Risk Tier & Reason
pierced מְחֹלָל (mecholal, root chalal) pierced, profaned	wounded through, run through ”pierced,” “wounded”	Violent, fatal wounding — supports crucifixion typology in Christian reading.	herido / traspasado	High.
transgressions פְּשָׁעֵנוּ (pesha’enu) our rebellions	willful rebellion against authority ”transgressions,” “rebellions,” “sins”	Substitutionary bearing of willful covenant rebellion, not mere error.	transgresiones	High — distinguish from the softer pecado (chattah) where the text uses the stronger pesha; both may render as “pecado” in casual speech, but teaching notes must preserve the rebellion nuance.
crushed מְדֻכָּא (medukka, root dakka) crushed, pulverized	severely broken, ground down ”crushed,” “bruised”	Intensifies the violence of v.5a; parallel to pesha line.	molido / quebrantado	Medium.
iniquities עֲוֹנֹתֵינוּ (avonoteinu) our iniquities	guilt, moral crookedness ”iniquities,” “guilt”	Substitutionary bearing of guilt, distinct nuance from pesha (rebellion) — moral crookedness/guilt before God.	iniquidades	High.
chastisement / peace מוּסָר…שָׁלוֹם (musar…shalom) discipline…peace	corrective discipline; wholeness/well-being with God ”chastisement,” “punishment”; “peace,” “wholeness”	The Servant absorbs the discipline that produces reconciled peace with God for others — directly the OT root of Romans 5:1’s “peace with God through justification.”	castigo… paz	Critical — paz reuses baseline peace (Medium in Romans; elevated to Critical here because it is causally tied to substitutionary suffering, not mere emotional calm). Must not collapse into “tranquilidad.”
wounds / stripes חֲבֻרָתוֹ (chaburato) his stripe/bruise	wound, welt from beating ”wounds,” “stripes,” “bruises”	Quoted 1 Peter 2:24 for physical healing/spiritual healing typology.	heridas / llagas	High.
healed נִרְפָּא (nirpa, root rapha) is healed	to be healed, restored to wholeness ”healed,” “made whole”	Spiritual (and by NT extension, holistic) healing accomplished through the Servant’s suffering, not through ritual or merit.	sanados	High — avoid a reading limited only to physical healing/faith-healing movements common in some Latin American charismatic contexts; teach the primary sense as reconciliation with God.

Isaiah 53:6 — “All we like sheep have gone astray; we have turned—every one—to his own way; and the LORD has laid on him the iniquity of us all.”

Terms	Variants	Contextual Theological Meaning	Spanish Rendering	Risk Tier & Reason
sheep צֹאן (tson) flock, sheep	sheep/flock (collective) “sheep,” “flock”	Universal human waywardness pictured as scattered, defenseless flock — sets up Servant-as-shepherd irony (cf. 40:11).	ovejas	Medium.
gone astray תָּעִינוּ (ta’inu, root ta’ah) wandered, strayed	to wander, err, go astray morally ”gone astray,” “wandered”	Universal human sinfulness — direct OT root of Romans 3:23’s “all have sinned.”	descarriado	High — connects to baseline doctrine universal_human_accountability; must retain unqualified universality (“all we,” “every one”).
laid on him הִפְגִּיעַ (hiphgia, root paga) caused to fall upon, made to strike	to cause to encounter/strike; (elsewhere) to intercede ”laid on him,” “made to fall on him”	God’s own sovereign action of transferring the people’s guilt onto the Servant — the theological hinge of the whole chapter. Note the same root paga returns in v.12 meaning “intercede,” a deliberate wordplay: the one struck with our guilt is the one who intercedes for us.	hizo recaer sobre él	Critical — must preserve divine agency (“the LORD” is the subject) and substitutionary transfer; do not render as a passive natural consequence.
iniquity of us all עֲוֹן כֻּלָּנוּ (avon kullanu) iniquity of all of us	collective, universal guilt ”iniquity of us all,” “sin of us all”	Universal accountability culminating in a single, universal substitutionary transfer.	la iniquidad/el pecado de todos nosotros	High.

Isaiah 53:7 — “He was oppressed, and he was afflicted, yet he opened not his mouth; like a lamb that is led to the slaughter, and like a sheep before its shearers is silent, so he opened not his mouth.”

Terms	Variants	Contextual Theological Meaning	Spanish Rendering	Risk Tier & Reason
oppressed נִגַּשׂ (niggas) pressed, oppressed	harshly treated, exploited ”oppressed,” “afflicted”	Injustice endured without resistance.	angustiado / oprimido	Medium.
opened not his mouth לֹא פָתַח פִּיו (lo pathach pihu) did not open his mouth	remained silent, made no defense ”opened not his mouth,” “was silent”	Voluntary, submissive silence under unjust suffering — foundational for the doctrine of Christ’s voluntary self-offering. Quoted Acts 8:32-33.	no abrió su boca	High.
lamb led to slaughter שֶׂה לַטֶּבַח (seh la-tevach) sheep/lamb to the slaughter	sacrificial or butchered animal imagery ”lamb to the slaughter,” “lamb led to be killed”	Critical Christological/Passover typology — directly underlies John 1:29’s “Lamb of God” and 1 Corinthians 5:7’s Passover-lamb Christology.	cordero al matadero	Critical — must not be diluted into generic “animal” imagery; the sacrificial/Passover resonance is the doctrinal point.

Isaiah 53:8 — “By oppression and judgment he was taken away; and as for his generation, who considered that he was cut off from the land of the living, stricken for the transgression of my people?”

Terms	Variants	Contextual Theological Meaning	Spanish Rendering	Risk Tier & Reason
oppression and judgment עֹצֶר וּמִמִּשְׁפָּט (otser u-mimishpat) restraint/coercion and from judgment	unjust legal process; miscarriage of justice ”oppression and judgment,” “unjust trial”	An unjust legal proceeding leads to the Servant’s death — resonates with the unjust trial of Jesus before Sanhedrin/Pilate.	opresión y de juicio	High — mishpat here must not be rendered simply “justicia” (which would ironically suggest the trial was just); render as juicio to preserve the injustice.
cut off נִגְזַר (nigzar, root gazar) was cut off	severed, cut off (from life) “cut off,” “cut down”	Death, specifically an untimely, violent death.	cortado	Medium-High.
land of the living אֶרֶץ חַיִּים (eretz chayyim) land of the living	this present life, the realm of the living ”land of the living”	Sets up the resurrection implication developed in v.10-11 (prolonged days, offspring) — the one “cut off” from the living will be seen again.	tierra de los vivientes	Medium — cross-references Isaiah 38:11 (Hezekiah) and anticipates the resurrection doctrine.
for the transgression of my people מִפֶּשַׁע עַמִּי (mippesha ammi) from/because of the transgression of my people	substitutionary cause of death ”for the transgression of my people,” “stricken for my people’s transgression”	Explicit substitution: the Servant dies because of others’ sin, not his own. Quoted directly in Acts 8:32-33 by the Ethiopian official and explained by Philip as referring to Jesus.	por la rebelión de mi pueblo	Critical — the substitutionary “for” (causal, not merely temporal) must be unambiguous in Spanish; avoid a rendering that could be read as merely coincidental timing.

Isaiah 53:9 — “And they made his grave with the wicked, and with a rich man in his death, although he had done no violence, and there was no deceit in his mouth.”

Terms	Variants	Contextual Theological Meaning	Spanish Rendering	Risk Tier & Reason
grave קֶבֶר (qever) grave, tomb	burial place ”grave,” “tomb”	The Servant’s shameful, seemingly criminal burial — reversed by NT narrative (Joseph of Arimathea’s tomb).	sepultura	Medium.
violence חָמָס (chamas) violence, wrong	injustice, violent wrongdoing ”violence,” “wrong”	Affirms the Servant’s innocence — no legal or moral basis for his death.	violencia	High.
deceit מִרְמָה (mirmah) deceit, treachery	fraud, deception ”deceit,” “falsehood”	Total moral innocence, sinlessness — quoted verbatim in 1 Peter 2:22 regarding Christ.	engaño	Critical — this verse is the OT root of the sinlessness-of-Christ doctrine; must preserve the double negation (“no violence… no deceit”) without softening into general good character.

Isaiah 53:10 — “Yet it was the will of the LORD to crush him with suffering. When he makes his soul an offering for sin, he shall see his offspring, he shall prolong his days; the will of the LORD shall prosper in his hand.”

Terms	Variants	Contextual Theological Meaning	Spanish Rendering	Risk Tier & Reason
will/pleased חָפֵץ (chaphetz) delighted, was pleased	desired, willed, took pleasure in ”was pleased,” “willed,” “purposed”	The Father’s sovereign purpose stands behind the Servant’s suffering — not tragic accident but planned atonement (cf. Acts 2:23; 4:28).	quiso / fue la voluntad de	Critical — must not read as God taking sadistic delight; the sense is sovereign purposeful will accomplishing redemption. Requires theologian-level teaching note.
offering for sin / guilt offering אָשָׁם (asham) guilt-offering	reparation/guilt sacrifice (Levitical technical term) “offering for sin,” “guilt offering,” “sin offering”	Directly casts the Servant’s death in the technical vocabulary of Levitical sacrifice — the theological bridge between OT sacrificial system and NT atonement doctrine (Romans 3:25’s “propitiation,” already Critical in baseline).	ofrenda por el pecado / sacrificio por la culpa	Critical — same escalation rule as baseline’s atonement/propitiation flag; must retain the sacrificial, substitutionary sense, not a vague “sacrifice” of self-denial.
offspring / seed זֶרַע (zera) seed, offspring	biological descendants; (figuratively) spiritual heirs ”offspring,” “seed,” “descendants”	A dead man having “offspring” and “prolonged days” signals resurrection/vindication beyond death — the OT seed of the resurrection doctrine.	descendencia	High — teach the resurrection implication explicitly; do not let it read as merely a literal genealogical footnote.
prosper יִצְלָח (yitzlach, root tsalach) shall succeed	to succeed, prosper, advance ”shall prosper,” “shall succeed”	God’s redemptive purpose triumphs precisely through the Servant’s suffering, not despite it.	prosperará	Medium.

Isaiah 53:11 — “Out of the anguish of his soul he shall see and be satisfied; by his knowledge shall the righteous one, my servant, make many to be accounted righteous, and he shall bear their iniquities.”

Terms	Variants	Contextual Theological Meaning	Spanish Rendering	Risk Tier & Reason
knowledge דַּעַת (da’at) knowledge	intimate knowledge, experiential understanding ”knowledge,” “understanding”	The Servant’s own knowledge/experience (of God, of the Father’s will, of the suffering undergone) becomes the basis of others’ justification.	conocimiento	Medium.
the righteous one, my servant צַדִּיק עַבְדִּי (tsaddiq avdi) righteous one, my servant	title combining moral uprightness + servant identity ”the righteous one, my servant”	Joins Servant identity to tsaddiq — reinforcing that the one who justifies others is himself righteous, not merely declared so.	mi siervo, el justo	High — reuses baseline righteousness/justicia word-family; keep title intact, not split apart.
make many to be accounted righteous יַצְדִּיק לָרַבִּים (yatsdiq la-rabbim, hiphil of tsadaq) shall cause many to be righteous/declared righteous	forensic declaration of righteous status; (rejected sense: gradual moral transformation) “justify many,” “make many righteous,” “make many to be accounted righteous”	CRITICAL — this is the Old Testament root text of the New Testament doctrine of justification. The hiphil (causative) of the same root behind dikaiosynē/dikaiōsis in Romans requires the forensic “declare/credit as righteous” sense, exactly as baseline’s justification and imputed_righteousness entries mandate.	justificará	CRITICAL — must use the verb justificar, matching baseline’s forensic “declarado justo” standard exactly. Forbidden substitution: any rendering implying gradual infusion or moral improvement (“hará justos mediante un proceso,” “purificará moralmente”) — this repeats, verbatim, the Trent/Reformation fault line the baseline registry already flags as Critical for Romans 3-5. This verse must be flagged for mandatory human theologian review under the same rule as Romans 3-5.
bear their iniquities עֲוֹנֹתָם יִסְב�ּל (avonotam yisbol, root sabal) shall bear their iniquities	substitutionary bearing of guilt ”bear their iniquities,” “carry their sins”	Restates v.4’s sabal/nasa substitution theme as the means by which justification (previous clause) is accomplished — justification is grounded in substitutionary sin-bearing, not in the believer’s own merit.	llevará las iniquidades de ellos	Critical — the causal link between “bearing iniquity” and “justifying many” in the same verse must not be separated in translation or footnoting; this is the OT argument Paul later systematizes in Romans 3-5.

Isaiah 53:12 — “Therefore I will divide him a portion with the great, and he shall divide the spoil with the strong, because he poured out his soul to death and was numbered with the transgressors; yet he bore the sin of many, and makes intercession for the transgressors.”

Terms	Variants	Contextual Theological Meaning	Spanish Rendering	Risk Tier & Reason
poured out his soul to death הֶעֱרָה לַמָּוֶת נַפְשׁוֹ (he’erah la-mavet naphsho) poured out to death his soul	voluntary, complete self-giving unto death ”poured out his soul to death,” “gave up his life to death”	Emphasizes the voluntary nature of the Servant’s death — he actively pours himself out, he is not merely a passive victim.	derramó su vida hasta la muerte	High.
numbered with the transgressors נִמְנָה…פֹּשְׁעִים (nimnah…posh’im) was counted…transgressors	classified/grouped with criminals ”numbered with the transgressors,” “counted among sinners”	Quoted in Luke 22:37 regarding Jesus’ crucifixion between two criminals.	fue contado entre los transgresores	High.
bore the sin of many נָשָׂא…חֵטְא רַבִּים (nasa…chet rabbim) bore the sin of many	substitutionary bearing (final restatement of the chapter’s central verb nasa) “bore the sin of many,” “carried the sin of many”	The chapter’s climactic restatement of substitutionary atonement — “many,” not “all” indiscriminately nor “a select few,” echoing the “many/all” language later structured in Romans 5:15-19.	llevó el pecado de muchos	Critical — reuses baseline sin/pecado; must retain the substitutionary “bore” (nasa) sense established throughout the chapter.
makes intercession for the transgressors יַפְגִּיעַ לַפֹּשְׁעִים (yaphgia, root paga) shall cause to fall upon/intervene for the transgressors	to intervene on behalf of, plead for, mediate for ”makes intercession for,” “intervenes for,” “pleads for”	CRITICAL — this is the Old Testament root text of Romans 8:26-27 and 8:34’s doctrine of the Spirit’s and Christ’s intercession. The verb paga forms a deliberate bracket with v.6 (“the LORD made the iniquity of us all fall upon him”) — the one struck down for our sin becomes, in the same word-root, the one who intercedes for sinners.	intercedió por los transgresores / intercede por los transgresores	CRITICAL — must use interceder/intercesión, matching baseline’s intercession entry exactly, and must trigger the identical forbidden-substitution guard: never let this default to a model of saint- or Marian-mediated intercession. This is the Suffering Servant, not a venerated intermediary figure, interceding directly. Mandatory human theologian review, per baseline’s existing escalation rule for “intercesión” occurrences.

---

PART 2 — CHAPTER-BY-CHAPTER STUDY OF THE WHOLE BOOK (Isaiah 1–66)

Every chapter of Isaiah is listed below. Chapters that introduce no new load-bearing theological vocabulary beyond what has already been analyzed state this explicitly, per PRD mandate.

Section A: Judgment and Hope for Judah and Jerusalem (Isaiah 1–12)

Chapter 1

Terms	Variants	Contextual Theological Meaning	Spanish Rendering	Risk Tier & Reason
sin/rebellion פֶּשַׁע / חֵטְא (pesha / chet) rebellion / offense	willful revolt; moral failure ”sin,” “rebellion,” “transgression”	Israel’s covenant rebellion opens the book’s indictment; foundational to universal_human_accountability.	rebelión / pecado (reuse baseline sin=pecado)	High.
wash yourselves רַחְצוּ (rachatsu) wash!	ritual and moral cleansing metaphor ”wash yourselves,” “cleanse yourselves”	Moral, not merely ritual, cleansing demanded — anticipates grace-based cleansing later in the book (1:18, “though your sins are like scarlet…“).	lavaos	Medium.
justice/judgment מִשְׁפָּט (mishpat) judgment, legal right	justice, legal verdict, social right-order ”justice,” “judgment”	Social-ethical justice demanded of God’s covenant people — recurs as a major theme (judgment_on_israels_idolatry_and_injustice).	juicio / justicia	High — distinguish contextually from tsedaqah (righteousness); prefer juicio for legal-process sense, justicia for the broader ethical-social sense.
Zion צִיּוֹן (Tsiyyon) Zion (proper name)	Jerusalem’s temple mount; by extension, God’s covenant city/people ”Zion”	Theologically weighted place-name, not mere geography — God’s dwelling and covenant center throughout Isaiah.	Sion	Medium — proper name; retain theological weight in teaching notes, do not flatten to a synonym for “Jerusalem.”

Chapter 2

Terms	Variants	Contextual Theological Meaning	Spanish Rendering	Risk Tier & Reason
latter days אַחֲרִית הַיָּמִים (acharit ha-yamim) end/afterward of the days	the eschatological future; “in days to come" "latter days,” “last days”	Introduces Isaiah’s eschatological horizon, developed through chs. 24-27, 65-66 (the_new_heavens_and_new_earth).	postreros días / últimos días	Medium-High.
mountain of the LORD’s house הַר בֵּית־יְהוָה (har beit-YHWH) mountain of the house of the LORD	Zion as future center of worship for all nations ”mountain of the LORD’s house,” “the LORD’s mountain”	Anticipates salvation_extended_to_the_nations — nations streaming to worship the true God, not conquered by Israel but drawn to it.	el monte de la casa de Jehová	Medium.
day of the LORD יוֹם יְהוָה (yom YHWH) day of the LORD	God’s decisive day of judgment and/or salvation ”day of the LORD,” “that day”	Central eschatological-judgment formula recurring throughout the book (2:12; 13:6,9; etc.) — must be rendered consistently.	día de Jehová	High — consistent rendering required across all occurrences; risk of flattening into generic “ese día” losing the technical eschatological force.

Chapter 3

No new load-bearing theological terms; reuses ch. 1-2 judgment/social-justice vocabulary (mishpat, pesha) applied to Judah’s corrupt leaders and the “daughters of Zion.” Reviewed — no new doctrine introduced.

Chapter 4

Terms	Variants	Contextual Theological Meaning	Spanish Rendering	Risk Tier & Reason
Branch of the LORD צֶמַח יְהוָה (tsemach YHWH) sprout/growth of the LORD	Messianic shoot-imagery, first occurrence ”Branch of the LORD,” “shoot of the LORD”	First Messianic “Branch” title in the book, developed fully in 11:1 and 53:2 (the_coming_messiah).	renuevo de Jehová	High — must render consistently with 11:1 and 53:2 Branch-family vocabulary.
holy (remnant recorded) קָדוֹשׁ (qadosh) holy	set apart ”holy”	Remnant “called holy,” recorded for life — reuse baseline holy=santo, prefiguring sainthood-adjacent remnant theology.	santo (reuse)	High (reuse baseline).

Chapter 5

Terms	Variants	Contextual Theological Meaning	Spanish Rendering	Risk Tier & Reason
vineyard כֶּרֶם (kerem) vineyard	Israel as God’s cultivated, beloved planting ”vineyard”	Extended judgment-parable: Israel’s failure to produce covenant fruit (justice, righteousness) despite God’s careful cultivation. Echoed in NT vineyard parables (Matt 21).	viña	Medium.
woe הוֹי (hoy) woe!	prophetic judgment-oracle introductory formula ”woe,” “alas”	Formal genre-marker introducing a series of judgment pronouncements (5:8,11,18,20,21,22) — recurs through chs. 28-33.	¡ay de…!	Low-Medium — standard prophetic formula; keep consistent across all “woe” oracles in the book.

Chapter 6 — The Holiness and Majesty of God

The pivotal call-vision chapter; anchors the curriculum’s first named doctrine.

Terms	Variants	Contextual Theological Meaning	Spanish Rendering	Risk Tier & Reason
Holy, holy, holy קָדוֹשׁ קָדוֹשׁ קָדוֹשׁ (qadosh, qadosh, qadosh) holy, holy, holy	threefold repetition = superlative intensity, absolute holiness ”Holy, holy, holy”	The seraphim’s cry is the Bible’s clearest single statement of God’s transcendent holiness; foundational to the_holiness_and_majesty_of_god; quoted in Revelation 4:8.	Santo, santo, santo	CRITICAL — reuses baseline holy=santo; the threefold form must be preserved exactly, never abbreviated or paraphrased. Every believer being called “santo” (Romans 1:7, already Critical in baseline) must be explicitly distinguished in teaching notes from God’s own absolute, singular holiness declared here.
glory כָּבוֹד (kavod) weight, heaviness, glory	visible weightiness/splendor of God’s presence ”glory"	"The whole earth is full of his glory” — reuse baseline glory=gloria; ties sovereignty_of_god_over_the_nations (universal scope) to holiness doctrine.	gloria (reuse)	High (reuse baseline).
seraphim שְׂרָפִים (seraphim) burning ones	class of heavenly attendant beings ”seraphim,” “seraphs”	Angelic worship-attendants surrounding God’s throne; transliterated term, not translated.	serafines	Low-Medium — transliterate; do not translate as generic “ángeles,” which loses the specific heavenly-court imagery.
unclean lips טְמֵא שְׂפָתַיִם (teme sfatayim) unclean of lips	moral/ritual unworthiness to speak for God ”unclean lips”	Isaiah’s confession of personal sinfulness before divine holiness — sets the pattern of conviction preceding calling.	labios impuros	Medium.
coal from the altar רִצְפָה (ritspah) live coal, hot stone	atoning/cleansing symbolic action ”burning coal,” “live coal”	Symbolic atonement/purification enabling Isaiah to serve — anticipates the sacrificial asham vocabulary of ch.53.	carbón encendido	Medium-High — connect explicitly to atonement doctrine in teaching notes.
Here am I, send me הִנְנִי שְׁלָחֵנִי (hineni, shlacheni) here I am, send me	willing response to divine calling ”Here am I. Send me.”	Model of divine_calling response (reuse baseline calling=llamado doctrine); paradigmatic prophetic commissioning formula.	Aquí estoy, envíame	Medium-High.
eyes…/ears… (hardening) הַשְׁמֵן…הַכְבֵּד (hashmen…hakhbed) make fat/heavy (heart, ears, eyes)	judicial hardening of a rebellious people ”make their hearts dull,” “harden,” “close their eyes”	Direct root of the NT “hardening” quotation formula (Matthew 13:14-15; John 12:40; Acts 28:26-27) — judgment on persistent unbelief.	cegar / endurecer	High — must be rendered so its NT quotations remain recognizable in cross-reference teaching notes.

Chapter 7 — The Immanuel Prophecy

Terms	Variants	Contextual Theological Meaning	Spanish Rendering	Risk Tier & Reason
virgin / young woman עַלְמָה (almah; LXX parthenos) young woman of marriageable age	technically “young woman” (virginity implied but not the primary lexical marker, unlike betulah); LXX renders it parthenos (“virgin”), the basis for Matthew 1:23 ”virgin,” “young woman”	CRITICAL Christological/Marian-adjacent term. The established Christian rendering “virgen” follows the LXX and Matthew 1:23, and must be retained per Christian Bible-translation tradition — but Catholic popular piety’s intense Marian veneration culture creates risk that the verse is taught as being about Mary devotionally rather than about the sign’s fulfillment in Christ’s virgin conception. Must be taught with the double-fulfillment structure (immediate 8th-century sign; ultimate fulfillment in Christ) intact.	virgen	Critical — retain “virgen” (established rendering); flag for explicit teaching note distinguishing this from generic Marian devotional readings; do not let the term become a vehicle for extended Marian doctrine not present in Isaiah’s own argument.
Immanuel עִמָּנוּ אֵל (Immanu El) God with us	compound name signifying divine presence ”Immanuel,” “God with us”	Direct name-based revelation of the coming child’s identity — quoted Matthew 1:23; foundational to the_coming_messiah and, by NT extension, to deity_of_christ/incarnation (reuse baseline incarnation=encarnación doctrine).	Emanuel	Critical — proper-name transliteration; must be paired with its meaning gloss “Dios con nosotros” at first occurrence per established Bible-translation convention.
sign אוֹת (ot) sign, token	miraculous or symbolic confirming token ”sign”	God’s self-authenticating confirmation of his word — recurs (ch.38 sundial sign; ch.20 sign-act).	señal	Medium.

Chapter 8

Terms	Variants	Contextual Theological Meaning	Spanish Rendering	Risk Tier & Reason
stone of stumbling אֶבֶן נֶגֶף (even negef) stone of striking	an obstacle causing people to trip/fall — judicial imagery ”stone of stumbling,” “rock of offense”	Critical direct link: quoted by Paul in Romans 9:33 (already in the baseline curriculum) regarding Israel’s rejection of Christ. The Spanish rendering here must match whatever rendering the Romans package used for this Pauline quotation, to preserve cross-curriculum consistency mandated by the baseline’s “Theological Consistency Rules Across Documents.”	piedra de tropiezo	Critical — cross-curriculum consistency requirement; must align exactly with the Romans 9:33 rendering used in Phase 2 translation of Romans.
bind up the testimony צוֹר תְּעוּדָה (tsor te’udah) bind the testimony	sealing/preserving prophetic witness for a future time ”bind up the testimony,” “seal up the teaching”	Ties to inspiration_of_scripture — the preserved, authoritative prophetic word awaiting future vindication.	atar el testimonio	Medium.

Chapter 9 — Messianic Titles

Terms	Variants	Contextual Theological Meaning	Spanish Rendering	Risk Tier & Reason
Wonderful Counselor פֶּלֶא יוֹעֵץ (pele yo’etz) wonder of a counselor	extraordinary wisdom-giver ”Wonderful Counselor”	First of the fourfold throne-name; part of the Messianic royal-divine title complex central to the_coming_messiah and deity_of_christ.	Consejero Maravilloso	Critical — established Christian-Bible rendering; must not be split or reduced.
Mighty God אֵל גִּבּוֹר (El Gibbor) Mighty God / God, Mighty One	full divine title, not merely “godlike” or “mighty man" "Mighty God,” “God the Mighty One”	Critical direct affirmation of the Messiah’s deity within the Old Testament itself — the strongest OT statement feeding directly into the baseline’s deity_of_christ (Critical) and son_of_god/Hijo de Dios doctrine.	Dios Fuerte	CRITICAL — must retain “Dios” (not soften to “un ser divino” or “un dios poderoso” implying a lesser or plural-deity reading); mandatory theologian review, same tier as baseline’s deity_of_christ.
Everlasting Father אֲבִי־עַד (Avi-Ad) Father of eternity	one who eternally fathers/sustains; a title of eternal, paternal care ”Everlasting Father,” “Eternal Father”	Describes the Messiah’s eternal, paternal care, not a claim that the Son is the Person of the Father in the Trinity — requires explicit teaching note to prevent confusion of the Trinitarian Persons.	Padre Eterno	High — reuses baseline father=Padre (Critical in Romans); must be taught with a clarifying note that this is a title of the Messiah’s eternal fatherly care, not an identification of the Son with the Person of the Father.
Prince of Peace שַׂר־שָׁלוֹם (Sar Shalom) Prince of Peace	ruler characterized by/bringing about shalom ”Prince of Peace”	Reuses baseline peace=paz; culminating Messianic title tying royal rule to covenantal peace, later grounded Christologically in Romans 5:1’s peace through justification.	Príncipe de Paz	Critical — established rendering; must not be reduced to merely “a peaceful prince.”
throne of David כִּסֵּא דָוִד (kisse David) throne of David	Davidic kingship and covenant ”throne of David”	Reuses baseline david=David and connects to davidic_covenant; the Messiah’s eternal reign fulfills 2 Samuel 7.	trono de David	Medium-High (reuse).

Chapter 10

Terms	Variants	Contextual Theological Meaning	Spanish Rendering	Risk Tier & Reason
rod of my anger שֵׁבֶט אַפִּי (shevet appi) rod/staff of my anger	an instrument God wields in judgment (here, Assyria) “rod of my anger”	Ties to sovereignty_of_god_over_the_nations — even pagan empires act as instruments of God’s sovereign judgment, yet remain morally accountable (10:12-15).	vara de mi furor	Medium-High.
remnant shall return שְׁאָר יָשׁוּב (She’ar Yashuv, symbolic name) a remnant shall return	surviving covenant people who return in faith ”a remnant shall return”	Reinforces the comfort_and_restoration remnant theology begun in ch.4 and developed through the book.	un remanente volverá / remanente	Medium-High.

Chapter 11 — The Root of Jesse and the Peaceable Kingdom

Terms	Variants	Contextual Theological Meaning	Spanish Rendering	Risk Tier & Reason
shoot / branch from the stump of Jesse חֹטֶר…נֵצֶר (choter…netzer) shoot…sprout, from the stump of Jesse	Messianic growth-imagery from the (seemingly dead) Davidic line ”shoot,” “branch,” “root of Jesse”	Central Messianic prophecy (the_coming_messiah); Paul quotes “root of Jesse” in Romans 15:12 (already in baseline curriculum) regarding Gentile hope — direct cross-curriculum link.	vástago / renuevo… raíz de Jesé	Critical — “raíz de Jesé” rendering must match exactly the Romans 15:12 rendering for cross-curriculum consistency.
Spirit of the LORD (sevenfold) רוּחַ יְהוָה — רוּחַ חָכְמָה וּבִינָה, עֵצָה וּגְבוּרָה, דַּעַת וְיִרְאַת יְהוָה (ruach chokmah u-vinah, etzah u-gevurah, da’at ve-yirat YHWH) Spirit of the LORD — spirit of wisdom and understanding, counsel and might, knowledge and fear of the LORD	the Spirit’s full equipping presence resting on the Messiah ”Spirit of the LORD,” “spirit of wisdom and understanding…”	Anticipates the Messiah’s Spirit-anointed ministry (cf. 61:1, quoted by Jesus in Luke 4:18) and, typologically, Pentecost; reuses baseline holy_spirit=Espíritu Santo where the full divine-Person sense is intended, though here it is “Spirit of the LORD resting upon him” — a functional-anointing description requiring care not to over-claim full systematic Trinitarian personhood from every occurrence.	Espíritu de Jehová (contextual; Espíritu Santo reserved for clearer NT-parallel full-Person contexts)	High — flag for native-speaker/theologian review on a case-by-case basis per occurrence, per baseline’s existing convention for context-sensitive divine-Spirit terms.
peaceable kingdom (wolf/lamb) וְגָר זְאֵב עִם־כֶּבֶשׂ (ve-gar ze’ev im-keves) the wolf shall dwell with the lamb	eschatological reversal of predation/violence in creation ”the wolf shall dwell with the lamb”	Eschatological peace motif recurring at 65:25 — connects the_new_heavens_and_new_earth to the_coming_messiah’s reign.	el lobo morará con el cordero	Medium.
knowledge of the LORD fill the earth מְלֵאָה הָאָרֶץ דֵּעָה אֶת־יְהוָה (mele’ah ha’aretz de’ah et YHWH) the earth full of knowledge of the LORD	universal, global recognition of God ”the earth shall be full of the knowledge of the LORD”	Culminating universal-scope statement anchoring salvation_extended_to_the_nations.	la tierra será llena del conocimiento de Jehová	Medium-High.
banner/ensign to the nations נֵס לְעַמִּים (nes le-ammim) banner/signal to the peoples	rallying signal drawing the nations ”banner to the nations,” “signal for the peoples”	Messianic figure as a rallying point for Gentile inclusion — reuse baseline gentiles; recurs as nes in ch.18.	pendón / bandera para los pueblos	Medium.

Chapter 12

No new load-bearing theological terms beyond a thanksgiving-song reuse of salvation=salvación (“God is my salvation,” 12:2-3, with the Hebrew root yesha underlying the name later borne by Jesus/Yeshua — a notable etymological, not translational, connection worth a teaching note but not a new glossary entry). Reviewed.

Section B: Oracles Against the Nations (Isaiah 13–23)

Chapter 13

Terms	Variants	Contextual Theological Meaning	Spanish Rendering	Risk Tier & Reason
oracle/burden מַשָּׂא (massa) burden, load	technical genre-term introducing a prophetic oracle against a nation ”burden,” “oracle,” “pronouncement”	Recurs as the introductory formula for every oracle in chs.13-23 (sovereignty_of_god_over_the_nations); a literal “carga/peso” rendering risks sounding like a literary burden rather than a genre-label.	oráculo (preferred) / “profecía sobre…”	Medium — avoid literal “carga,” prefer “oráculo” consistently across chs.13-23.
day of the LORD (against Babylon) יוֹם יְהוָה (yom YHWH) (see ch.2)	universal application: even pagan empires face the Day of the LORD ”day of the LORD”	Reuse of ch.2 term; confirms sovereignty_of_god_over_the_nations extends divine judgment beyond Israel to all empires.	día de Jehová (reuse)	High (reuse).

Chapter 14

Terms	Variants	Contextual Theological Meaning	Spanish Rendering	Risk Tier & Reason
Day Star, son of Dawn הֵילֵל בֶּן־שָׁחַר (helel ben-shachar; Latin Vulgate Lucifer) shining one, son of the dawn	poetic title for the king of Babylon in a satirical funeral-taunt; later Christian tradition (via the Vulgate’s “Lucifer”) reads this typologically of Satan’s fall ”Day Star,” “morning star,” “Lucifer” (traditional)	High-risk naming collision: in contemporary Spanish, “Lucifer” functions as Satan’s proper name in popular culture and folk religion, detached from this passage’s original satirical address to a Babylonian king. Rendering the Hebrew directly as “Lucifer” risks the audience assuming the text itself names Satan “Lucifer” as a biblical given, collapsing the distinction between the primary sense (mocking a pagan king’s hubris) and the derived typological/traditional reading.	lucero, hijo del alba (primary); note “conocido tradicionalmente como ‘Lucifer’” as historical-tradition footnote only	High — do not use “Lucifer” as the primary rendering; if referenced, must be explicitly flagged as later Christian tradition, not the direct sense of the Hebrew text, and requires theologian-level teaching note given how embedded “Lucifer = Satan” is in Hispanic popular culture.
taunt song מְשָׁלִים (meshalim / melitzah) proverb-song, mocking poem	satirical judgment-poem genre ”taunt,” “mocking song”	Prophetic literary genre; low doctrinal weight beyond genre recognition.	canto de burla / cántico satírico	Low.

Chapters 15–16

Moab oracle. No major new theological vocabulary; reuses massa (oracle) and judgment vocabulary from chs.13-14. Introduces prophetic lament for a judged nation (compassion within judgment, 16:9-11) as a tone rather than a new term — noted for sovereignty_of_god_over_the_nations teaching but not a new glossary entry. Reviewed.

Chapter 17

Damascus/Syria oracle. Reuses massa and “in that day” (יוֹם ,ba-yom hahu) refrain formula, already covered under day of the LORD family. No new theological terms. Reviewed.

Chapter 18

Cush (Ethiopia) oracle. Reuses “ensign/banner” (nes, cf. 11:10) and massa. No new theological terms. Reviewed.

Chapter 19

Terms	Variants	Contextual Theological Meaning	Spanish Rendering	Risk Tier & Reason
altar to the LORD in Egypt מִזְבֵּחַ לַיהוָה בְּתוֹךְ אֶרֶץ מִצְרַיִם (mizbeach la-YHWH) altar to the LORD within the land of Egypt	prophetic anticipation of Gentile nations worshiping the true God on their own soil ”an altar to the LORD in Egypt”	Striking anticipation of salvation_extended_to_the_nations — Egypt and Assyria (Israel’s historic oppressors) join Israel as God’s people (“blessed be Egypt my people,” 19:25).	altar a Jehová	Medium-High — flag as an important, easily overlooked universal-salvation text.

Chapter 20

Isaiah’s sign-act (walking stripped and barefoot). “Sign and symbol” (אוֹת וּמוֹפֵת, ot u-mofet) — reuse of ot (sign, ch.7) plus mofet (wonder/portent). No new doctrinal category; embodied-prophecy genre note only. Reviewed.

Chapters 21–22

Babylon/Dumah/Arabia oracles (21); “Valley of Vision” — Jerusalem oracle (22).

Terms	Variants	Contextual Theological Meaning	Spanish Rendering	Risk Tier & Reason
watchman צֹפֶה (tsofeh) watchman, lookout	one appointed to watch and report; prophetic vigilance metaphor ”watchman,” “sentinel”	Prophetic vigilance/warning role, later echoed in Ezekiel 33 and applied to prophetic responsibility generally.	atalaya / centinela	Medium.

Chapter 23

Tyre oracle. Reuses massa and judgment-on-commerce themes; no new theological category. Reviewed.

Section C: The Isaiah Apocalypse (Isaiah 24–27)

Chapter 24

Terms	Variants	Contextual Theological Meaning	Spanish Rendering	Risk Tier & Reason
everlasting covenant (broken) בְּרִית עוֹלָם (berit olam) eternal covenant	a covenant of perpetual/binding force, here broken by universal sin ”everlasting covenant”	Reuse baseline covenant=pacto; cosmic-scale covenant unfaithfulness triggering global judgment — sets up the positive “everlasting covenant” reaffirmed in chs.54-55.	pacto eterno	High (reuse).
the LORD will reign מָלַךְ יְהוָה (malakh YHWH) the LORD reigns/has become king	God’s kingship, actively asserted ”the LORD will reign,” “the LORD reigns”	Reuse baseline kingdom_of_god=reino de Dios; climactic declaration of divine kingship over cosmic judgment.	Jehová reinará	Medium-High (reuse concept).

Chapter 25

Terms	Variants	Contextual Theological Meaning	Spanish Rendering	Risk Tier & Reason
feast on the mountain for all peoples מִשְׁתֶּה לְכָל־הָעַמִּים (mishteh le-khol ha-ammim) banquet for all the peoples	eschatological banquet imagery including all nations ”a feast for all peoples”	Direct anticipation of salvation_extended_to_the_nations culminating in Revelation 19’s marriage supper imagery.	banquete para todos los pueblos	Medium-High.
swallow up death בִּלַּע הַמָּוֶת (billa ha-mavet) he will swallow up death	God’s final victory over death itself ”swallow up death,” “he will destroy death”	Quoted 1 Corinthians 15:54’s resurrection victory-song; direct OT root of Christian resurrection-hope doctrine.	sorberá la muerte / destruirá la muerte	High — cross-reference to resurrection doctrine; consistent rendering needed with any future 1 Corinthians curriculum.
wipe away tears מָחָה דִּמְעָה (machah dim’ah) he will wipe away tears	comforting removal of grief in the eschaton ”wipe away every tear”	Quoted Revelation 21:4; central comfort_and_restoration eschatological image.	enjugará las lágrimas	Medium-High.

Chapter 26

Terms	Variants	Contextual Theological Meaning	Spanish Rendering	Risk Tier & Reason
your dead shall live יִחְיוּ מֵתֶיךָ (yichyu metekha) your dead ones shall live	bodily resurrection of the covenant dead ”your dead shall live,” “the dead shall rise”	Among the clearest Old Testament bodily-resurrection statements; foundational Old Testament root for the_new_heavens_and_new_earth and, doctrinally, the same resurrection doctrine flagged Critical in the baseline Romans package (reuse baseline resurrection=resurrección, with its Caribbean/Espiritismo syncretism caution fully applicable here).	tus muertos vivirán	Critical — reuse baseline resurrection risk profile exactly: bodily, historical, once-for-all rising, explicitly distinguished from reincarnation/spirit-return frameworks live in Caribbean Espiritismo/Santería contexts.
perfect peace שָׁלוֹם שָׁלוֹם (shalom shalom) peace, peace (doubled for intensity)	complete, total covenantal well-being with God ”perfect peace”	Reuse baseline peace=paz; the doubling intensifies the peace_with_god doctrine anticipated fully at 53:5 and realized in Romans 5:1.	paz, paz / perfecta paz	High (reuse).

Chapter 27

Terms	Variants	Contextual Theological Meaning	Spanish Rendering	Risk Tier & Reason
Leviathan לִוְיָתָן (Livyatan) Leviathan (proper name of sea-monster)	mythic chaos-monster imagery representing cosmic/political evil powers ”Leviathan”	Symbolic of chaotic evil that God alone subdues — sovereignty_of_god_over_the_nations extended to cosmic-spiritual powers, later echoed in Revelation’s dragon/sea-beast imagery.	Leviatán	Low-Medium — transliterate proper name; brief note that this is symbolic-cosmic, not a literal zoological claim.
trumpet (great ingathering) שׁוֹפָר גָּדוֹל (shofar gadol) great ram’s horn	signal for eschatological regathering of scattered Israel ”great trumpet”	Ties comfort_and_restoration to eschatological ingathering; reuse in NT trumpet-imagery (1 Thess 4:16; 1 Cor 15:52).	gran trompeta / shofar	Medium.

Section D: Woes and the Righteous King (Isaiah 28–35)

Chapter 28

Terms	Variants	Contextual Theological Meaning	Spanish Rendering	Risk Tier & Reason
cornerstone / tested stone אֶבֶן פִּנָּה…אֶבֶן בֹּחַן (even pinnah…even bochan) corner stone…tested stone	foundational, secure, tested building-stone; Messianic foundation imagery ”cornerstone,” “tried stone,” “precious cornerstone,” “sure foundation”	Critical direct link: quoted Romans 9:33 (with 8:14, the “stone of stumbling”) and 1 Peter 2:6 regarding Christ as the church’s foundation. Must match the exact Spanish rendering used in the baseline Romans package for these quotations.	piedra angular	Critical — cross-curriculum consistency requirement, identical to the ch.8 “stone of stumbling” flag; both stones (foundation and stumbling-block) are the same figure viewed from faith vs. unbelief, and both quoted together in Romans 9:33.

Chapter 29

Terms	Variants	Contextual Theological Meaning	Spanish Rendering	Risk Tier & Reason
heart far from me (lip-service) לִבּוֹ רִחַק מִמֶּנִּי (libbo richaq mimmeni) his heart is far from me	outward religious form without inward devotion ”their heart is far from me,” “lip service”	Quoted by Jesus (Matthew 15:8) against religious formalism — directly relevant to judgment_on_israels_idolatry_and_injustice and to the curriculum’s broader concern (per baseline christian_identity_in_christ) that religious identity by birth/heritage is not equivalent to genuine faith.	su corazón está lejos de mí	High — pastorally sensitive in nominally Christian/cradle-Catholic contexts per baseline’s cultural notes on inherited religiosity.
wisdom of the wise shall perish אָבְדָה חָכְמַת חֲכָמָיו (avdah chokmat chakhamav) the wisdom of its wise ones shall perish	God’s judgment overturning human self-sufficient wisdom ”the wisdom of the wise shall perish”	Quoted 1 Corinthians 1:19 regarding the cross’s foolishness-to-wisdom reversal.	perecerá la sabiduría de sus sabios	Medium-High.

Chapters 30–31

Trust in Egypt vs. trust in the LORD.

Terms	Variants	Contextual Theological Meaning	Spanish Rendering	Risk Tier & Reason
quietness and trust הַשְׁקֵט וּבֶטַח (hashqet u-vetach) quietness and confidence	restful reliance on God rather than political/military self-help ”in quietness and trust,” “in returning and rest”	Reuse baseline faith=fe conceptually — trust/reliance vocabulary parallel to pistis, applied nationally rather than individually.	quietud y confianza	Medium.

Chapter 32

Terms	Variants	Contextual Theological Meaning	Spanish Rendering	Risk Tier & Reason
Spirit poured out from on high יֵעָרֶה עָלֵינוּ רוּחַ מִמָּרוֹם (ye’areh aleinu ruach mi-marom) Spirit poured upon us from on high	future outpouring of God’s Spirit transforming society ”the Spirit is poured upon us from on high”	Anticipates Pentecost-type outpouring (cf. ch.32:15; 44:3; Joel 2, quoted Acts 2) — reuse baseline holy_spirit context-sensitively.	el Espíritu sea derramado sobre nosotros de lo alto	High.

Chapter 33

Terms	Variants	Contextual Theological Meaning	Spanish Rendering	Risk Tier & Reason
the LORD is our judge, lawgiver, king יְהוָה שֹׁפְטֵנוּ…מְחֹקְקֵנוּ…מַלְכֵּנוּ (shofteinu…mechoqqenu…malkeinu) our judge…our lawgiver…our king	triad of divine governing offices ”the LORD is our judge, our lawgiver, our king”	Concentrated statement of sovereignty_of_god_over_the_nations, combining judicial, legislative, and royal authority in one divine person.	Jehová es nuestro juez… nuestro legislador… nuestro rey	Medium-High.

Chapter 34

Judgment on Edom. Reuses cosmic-judgment imagery from chs.13, 24; introduces “sword of the LORD” (חֶרֶב יְהוָה, cherev YHWH) as an instrument-of-judgment motif parallel to ch.10’s “rod of my anger.” No new doctrinal category beyond sovereignty_of_god_over_the_nations reinforcement. Reviewed.

Chapter 35

Terms	Variants	Contextual Theological Meaning	Spanish Rendering	Risk Tier & Reason
highway of holiness דֶּרֶךְ הַקֹּדֶשׁ (derekh ha-qodesh) way/road of holiness	a purified, safe processional road for the redeemed ”the Highway of Holiness,” “a highway of holiness”	Reuse baseline holy=santo in compound form; ties comfort_and_restoration to the_holiness_and_majesty_of_god — restoration is a holy road, not merely a return trip.	camino de santidad	High (reuse).
healing of blind, deaf, lame, mute עֵינֵי עִוְרִים תִּפָּקַחְנָה (eynei ivrim tippaqachnah) etc. eyes of the blind shall be opened, etc.	Messianic-age healing signs ”the eyes of the blind shall be opened…”	Critical Messianic fulfillment marker — quoted by Jesus as evidence of his messianic identity (Matthew 11:5; Luke 7:22), directly connecting to the_coming_messiah.	los ojos de los ciegos serán abiertos…	High.
ransomed פְּדוּיֵי (pedu’ei, root padah) the ransomed ones	those redeemed/bought back ”the ransomed,” “the redeemed”	Redemption-vocabulary parallel to go’el (Redeemer); reuse conceptually with baseline salvation doctrine.	rescatados / redimidos	Medium-High.

Section E: Historical Narrative — Hezekiah (Isaiah 36–39)

Chapters 36–37

Sennacherib’s invasion and Hezekiah’s deliverance. No major new theological vocabulary; reuses trust/faith vocabulary (chs.30-31) and introduces “blasphemy against the Holy One of Israel” (חֵרֵף…קְדוֹשׁ יִשְׂרָאֵל, cheref…Qedosh Yisrael) — the recurring divine title “the Holy One of Israel” (Qedosh Yisrael), which reuses baseline holy=santo and is one of Isaiah’s signature divine titles, occurring over two dozen times throughout the book (e.g., 1:4; 5:19; 10:20; 12:6; 17:7; 29:19; 30:11-12,15; 31:1; 37:23; 41:14,16,20; 43:3,14; 45:11; 47:4; 48:17; 49:7; 54:5; 55:5; 60:9,14).

Terms	Variants	Contextual Theological Meaning	Spanish Rendering	Risk Tier & Reason
Holy One of Israel קְדוֹשׁ יִשְׂרָאֵל (Qedosh Yisrael) Holy One of Israel	God’s signature covenant-holiness title throughout Isaiah ”the Holy One of Israel”	Anchors the_holiness_and_majesty_of_god as the recurring divine self-designation of the entire book; reuse baseline holy=santo + israel=Israel.	el Santo de Israel	High — must be rendered identically at every occurrence across all 66 chapters for doctrinal and pedagogical consistency.

Chapter 38

Hezekiah’s illness, prayer, and healing. Reuses “land of the living” (eretz chayyim, cf. 53:8) and “healed” (rapha, cf. 53:5) in a personal, non-atoning context — useful cross-reference contrast for teaching (personal healing from illness vs. the Servant’s substitutionary healing of sin). No new glossary category. Reviewed.

Chapter 39

Babylonian envoys visit Hezekiah; narrative foreshadowing of exile. No new theological vocabulary. Reviewed.

Section F: The Book of Comfort — Servant Songs (Isaiah 40–55)

Chapter 40 — “Comfort, Comfort My People”

Terms	Variants	Contextual Theological Meaning	Spanish Rendering	Risk Tier & Reason
comfort נַחֲמוּ (nachamu, root nacham) comfort! / be comforted!	consolation, relief from grief and judgment ”comfort,” “console”	The programmatic opening word of the entire second half of the book — anchors comfort_and_restoration_for_gods_people as a named curriculum doctrine.	consuelo / consolad	High — this is a named curriculum doctrine’s title word; consistent rendering required across every occurrence (40:1; 49:13; 51:3,12; 52:9; 61:2; 66:13).
voice crying in the wilderness קוֹל קוֹרֵא בַּמִּדְבָּר (qol qore ba-midbar) a voice calling in the wilderness	prophetic forerunner announcement ”a voice crying in the wilderness”	Critical direct NT link — quoted regarding John the Baptist (Matthew 3:3; Mark 1:3; Luke 3:4; John 1:23), preparing the way for the Messiah’s coming; central to the_coming_messiah.	voz que clama en el desierto	Critical — must match established Spanish Gospel-text rendering exactly for cross-reference recognizability.
word of our God stands forever דְּבַר אֱלֹהֵינוּ יָקוּם לְעוֹלָם (devar Eloheinu yaqum le-olam) the word of our God shall stand forever	the enduring, unfailing authority of God’s spoken word, contrasted with human transience ”the word of our God will stand forever”	Ties to inspiration_of_scripture; quoted 1 Peter 1:24-25.	la palabra de nuestro Dios permanece para siempre	High.

Chapter 41

Terms	Variants	Contextual Theological Meaning	Spanish Rendering	Risk Tier & Reason
fear not, I am with you אַל־תִּירָא כִּי עִמְּךָ אָנִי (al-tira ki immekha ani) fear not, for I am with you	covenantal assurance formula ”fear not, I am with you”	Reassurance grounding comfort_and_restoration; echoes Immanuel (“God with us,” ch.7).	no temas, porque yo estoy contigo	High.
my servant Israel עַבְדִּי יִשְׂרָאֵל (avdi Yisra’el) my servant, Israel	corporate national identity as God’s servant ”my servant Israel,” “Israel my servant”	Introduces the corporate sense of “Servant” that stands in creative tension with the individual, sinless, substitutionary Servant of ch.53 — a genuine interpretive complexity requiring careful teaching, not flattening.	mi siervo Israel	High — flag the corporate/individual servant tension explicitly for theologian review; do not silently resolve it in translation.
I am the first and I am the last אֲנִי רִאשׁוֹן וַאֲנִי אַחֲרוֹן (ani rishon va-ani acharon) I am first and I am last	absolute, exclusive divine eternality and uniqueness ”I am the first and I am the last”	Critical direct link to Revelation 1:8, 17; 22:13’s application of this exact self-designation to the risen Christ — a strong OT-to-Christology bridge for deity_of_christ/the_sovereignty_of_god.	yo soy el primero y yo soy el último	Critical.

Chapter 42 — First Servant Song (42:1-9)

Terms	Variants	Contextual Theological Meaning	Spanish Rendering	Risk Tier & Reason
Behold my servant הֵן עַבְדִּי (hen avdi; LXX pais mou) behold, my servant	formal divine introduction/commissioning of the Servant figure ”Behold my servant”	Critical — quoted Matthew 12:18-21 explicitly of Jesus, resolving (in the NT’s own reading) the corporate/individual tension noted at 41:8 toward the individual Messianic Servant; central to the_coming_messiah_and_suffering_servant.	He aquí mi siervo	Critical — the term “siervo” here and throughout the Servant Songs must be rendered consistently (never “esclavo,” which in Spanish carries chattel-slavery connotations foreign to the text’s dignified, commissioned sense).
bruised reed קָנֶה רָצוּץ (qaneh ratsuts) crushed/bruised reed	fragile, damaged, easily-discarded thing ”a bruised reed he will not break”	Gentleness of the Servant’s ministry toward the weak — quoted Matthew 12:20.	caña cascada	Medium-High.
a light for the nations לְאוֹר גּוֹיִם (le-or goyim) for a light of the nations	the Servant’s mission extends salvation beyond Israel ”a light to the nations,” “a light for the Gentiles”	Critical direct anchor for salvation_extended_to_the_nations; quoted Luke 2:32 (Simeon’s Nunc Dimittis) of the infant Jesus, and echoed again at 49:6. Reuse baseline gentiles=gentiles where the NT context specifically contrasts Jew/Gentile; use naciones for Isaiah’s own broader “all nations/peoples” scope.	luz para las naciones	Critical.

Chapter 43

Terms	Variants	Contextual Theological Meaning	Spanish Rendering	Risk Tier & Reason
besides me there is no savior וּמִבַּלְעָדַי אֵין מוֹשִׁיעַ (u-mibbal’adai ein moshia) apart from me there is no savior	exclusive monotheistic salvation claim ”besides me there is no savior”	Reuse baseline salvation=salvación; grounds the salvation doctrine’s exclusivity, directly relevant to the baseline’s caution against a merit-and-mediation salvation framework in folk Catholic piety — here God himself, not a mediating figure, is the only savior.	fuera de mí no hay salvador	Critical — reuse baseline salvation risk profile exactly.
created / formed בָּרָא / יָצַר (bara / yatsar) created / formed, fashioned	divine creative action — bara (create from nothing/sovereignly), yatsar (form/shape, potter imagery) “created,” “formed”	Foundational creation-vocabulary reapplied to redemption (“I have created you… formed you,” 43:1) and reprised at 64:8’s potter imagery.	creó / formó	Medium-High.
witnesses עֵדִים (edim) witnesses	legal-covenantal witnesses in God’s lawsuit with the nations ”witnesses”	Covenant-lawsuit (rib) genre term; Israel called to testify to God’s unique deity before the nations — connects to salvation_extended_to_the_nations.	testigos	Medium.

Chapter 44

Terms	Variants	Contextual Theological Meaning	Spanish Rendering	Risk Tier & Reason
idol / carved image פֶּסֶל / אֱלִיל (pesel / elil) carved image / worthless thing	manufactured cult object; elil carries built-in mockery (“nothingness,” “worthless thing”) “idol,” “carved image,” “worthless thing”	Central to judgment_on_israels_idolatry_and_injustice; ch.44’s extended satire (an idol-maker cuts a tree, burns half for fuel, worships the other half) is Isaiah’s most developed idol-polemic.	ídolo	Medium-High — the satirical tone should be preserved in teaching notes even though “ídolo” itself is a standard, low-ambiguity Spanish term.
I am the first and I am the last, besides me there is no God (see 41:4; 44:6)		Reaffirms exclusive monotheism; direct doctrinal parallel to 43:11’s exclusive-savior claim.	yo soy el primero y yo soy el último; fuera de mí no hay Dios	Critical (reuse).
Cyrus (named) כֹּרֶשׁ (Koresh) Cyrus (proper name)	Persian king named in advance by prophecy ”Cyrus”	Remarkable predictive-prophecy claim (fulfillment_of_prophecy), naming a specific future ruler over a century before his reign.	Ciro	Medium — proper name; theologically significant for the doctrine of prophecy’s reliability.

Chapter 45

Terms	Variants	Contextual Theological Meaning	Spanish Rendering	Risk Tier & Reason
his anointed (Cyrus) מְשִׁיחוֹ (meshicho, root mashiach) his anointed one	a divinely-commissioned agent — here explicitly a pagan king, not the promised Messiah ”his anointed,” “his messiah” (lowercase)	Important disambiguation: the same Hebrew root behind “Messiah”/Mesías is applied to Cyrus as God’s chosen instrument for Israel’s deliverance from exile — demonstrating that mashiach is a functional title (anointed for a task) before it becomes, capitalized, the unique title of the promised Redeemer.	su ungido (lowercase, distinct from Mesías)	High — must NOT render as “su Mesías” or capitalize; baseline’s messiah=Mesías entry is reserved for the unique OT-promised, NT-fulfilled figure; Cyrus is “un ungido” (an anointed one) in the functional, non-titular sense, and this distinction must be explicit to avoid diluting the Critical messianic_promise doctrine.
every knee shall bow כִּי־לִי תִּכְרַע כָּל־בֶּרֶךְ (ki li tikhra kol berekh) for to me every knee shall bow	universal submission to God alone ”every knee shall bow, every tongue confess”	Critical direct link — quoted Romans 14:11 and echoed in Philippians 2:10-11 applied to Christ; must align with any existing Romans 14:11 rendering for cross-curriculum consistency.	ante mí se doblará toda rodilla	Critical.

Chapter 46

Idols carried on the backs of their worshipers vs. God who carries (nasa/sabal) his people — direct verbal foreshadowing of the Servant’s sin-bearing in ch.53 (contrast: dead idols are a burden to carry; the living God bears his people). No new distinct term beyond reuse of nasa/sabal, but flagged as an important intertextual bridge for teaching. Reviewed with cross-reference note.

Chapter 47

Fall of Babylon personified as a humiliated “virgin daughter” (בְּתוּלַת בַּת־בָּבֶל, betulat bat-Bavel) — note the term here is betulah (the stronger technical “virgin” term), used ironically of a conquered city, in deliberate contrast to the hopeful virgin-sign of 7:14. Flag for teaching note distinguishing the two “virgin” occurrences (ch.7 hopeful sign vs. ch.47 ironic judgment image) so translators do not conflate them. Reviewed.

Chapter 48

“For my own sake, for my own sake, I do it, for how should my name be profaned” (48:11) — divine self-glory motive vocabulary; reuse baseline glory=gloria. Refining imagery (“I have refined you… in the furnace of affliction,” tsaraf) — testing/purification metaphor, medium weight, no new critical category. Reviewed.

Chapter 49 — Second Servant Song (49:1-13)

Terms	Variants	Contextual Theological Meaning	Spanish Rendering	Risk Tier & Reason
called from the womb מִבֶּטֶן קְרָאָנִי (mibbeten qera’ani) from the womb he called me	pre-natal, sovereign divine calling of the Servant ”the LORD called me from the womb”	Reuse baseline calling=llamado (High risk in baseline); reinforces divine_calling as sovereign and prenatal, paralleling Jeremiah 1:5 and, by NT extension, the Incarnation’s timing.	me llamó desde el vientre	High (reuse).
light to the nations (reprise) לְאוֹר גּוֹיִם (le-or goyim) (see 42:6)		Reprise and intensification of 42:6; explicitly ties the Servant’s mission to “salvation to the end of the earth” (49:6), the fullest single-verse statement of salvation_extended_to_the_nations.	luz para las naciones (reuse)	Critical (reuse).
can a woman forget her nursing child הֲתִשְׁכַּח אִשָּ�ה עוּלָהּ (ha-tishkach ishah ulah) can a woman forget her suckling child	maternal-tenderness metaphor for God’s covenant faithfulness ”can a woman forget her nursing child”	Intensely affective comfort_and_restoration imagery, balancing the more forensic/legal covenant language elsewhere in the book.	¿acaso olvidará una mujer a su hijo que mama?	Medium-High.

Chapter 50 — Third Servant Song (50:4-9)

Terms	Variants	Contextual Theological Meaning	Spanish Rendering	Risk Tier & Reason
he who vindicates me is near קָרוֹב מַצְדִּיקִי (qarov matsdiqi, root tsadaq) near is he who justifies/vindicates me	God’s vindication of the innocent, suffering Servant — same root as justification ”he who vindicates me is near,” “he who justifies me is near”	Critical direct lexical link to justification/justificación (baseline Critical entry); here the Servant himself is vindicated/justified by God, prior to and grounding his ability to justify others in 53:11.	cercano está el que me justifica	Critical — same root, same forensic sense as baseline’s justification doctrine; must render with justificar, not a softer “defender” or “vindicar” that would lose the lexical tie to ch.53.
gave my back to those who strike גֵּוִי נָתַתִּי לְמַכִּים (gevi natati le-makkim) I gave my back to those who strike	voluntary submission to physical suffering ”I gave my back to those who strike,” “I gave my back to the smiters”	Direct precursor to the flogging/suffering imagery of ch.53; reinforces the Servant’s voluntary suffering.	di mi espalda a los que me herían	High.

Chapter 51

Terms	Variants	Contextual Theological Meaning	Spanish Rendering	Risk Tier & Reason
arm of the LORD זְרוֹעַ יְהוָה (zeroa YHWH) (see 53:1)		Critical direct link — quoted together with 53:1 in John 12:38 as a single combined citation; must render identically to the ch.53 occurrence.	brazo de Jehová (reuse)	Critical (reuse from core passage).

Chapter 52 — Introduction to the Fourth Servant Song

Terms	Variants	Contextual Theological Meaning	Spanish Rendering	Risk Tier & Reason
how beautiful are the feet of him who brings good news מַה־נָּאווּ…מְבַשֵּׂר (mah na’vu…mevasser) how beautiful…the one bringing good news	the joy of the herald announcing God’s saving reign ”how beautiful are the feet of him who brings good news,” “publisheth peace… publisheth salvation”	CRITICAL direct link — quoted verbatim in Romans 10:15 (already Critical in the baseline curriculum’s gospel doctrine). Mevasser is the Hebrew root directly behind the LXX’s euangelizomenos, the verbal form of euangelion/evangelio. This is the Old Testament linguistic and theological root of the entire gospel doctrine.	el que anuncia buenas nuevas / el que trae el evangelio	CRITICAL — must be rendered consistently with the baseline’s gospel=evangelio entry and its exact Romans 10:15 rendering, for full cross-curriculum consistency.
your God reigns מָלַךְ אֱלֹהָיִךְ (malakh Elohayikh) your God has become king/reigns	announcement content of the good news — God’s kingship ”your God reigns”	Reuse baseline kingdom_of_god=reino de Dios; the content of the good news announced is God’s reign, not a generic religious message — directly reinforces baseline’s caution against a “vague inspirational message” reading of evangelio.	tu Dios reina	High (reuse).
sprinkle many nations יַזֶּה גּוֹיִם רַבִּים (yazzeh goyim rabbim, root debated: nazah “sprinkle” or a rarer sense “startle/leap”) he will sprinkle/startle many nations	either ritual-cleansing imagery (sprinkling, priestly/atoning) or a stunned, awestruck reaction of the nations ”sprinkle many nations,” “startle many nations”	Translation-critical ambiguity flagged directly in the Hebrew text itself — the Servant’s exaltation (52:13) provokes either a priestly cleansing-of-the-nations image (supporting the sacrificial reading fulfilled in ch.53) or an astonished-reaction image. Both readings support salvation_extended_to_the_nations, but the sacrificial reading strengthens the direct bridge into ch.53’s atonement doctrine.	rociará a muchas naciones (preferred, priestly-sprinkling sense, consistent with RV1960/RVA2015 tradition)	High — flag as a genuinely ambiguous Hebrew term per the baseline’s “Ambiguity Handling” protocol; record “asombrará a muchas naciones” as the alternative considered.

Chapter 53

Core passage — see Part 1 above for full verse-by-verse treatment.

Chapter 54

Terms	Variants	Contextual Theological Meaning	Spanish Rendering	Risk Tier & Reason
my steadfast love shall not depart חַסְדִּי לֹא יָמוּשׁ (chasdi lo yamush, root chesed) my covenant-loyalty/lovingkindness shall not depart	God’s unbreakable, covenant-bound loving loyalty ”my steadfast love,” “my lovingkindness,” “my mercy”	Central covenant-loyalty term (chesed) recurring throughout Isaiah’s second half; grounds comfort_and_restoration in God’s own unchanging covenant character, directly following ch.53’s atonement — restoration follows because of the Servant’s finished work.	misericordia / amor fiel	High — chesed has no single perfect Spanish equivalent; “misericordia” (RV1960 convention) risks reading as mere pity, while “amor fiel” better captures covenant loyalty. Use “misericordia” as primary per Reina-Valera consistency, but a teaching note should supply the fuller covenant-loyalty sense.
everlasting covenant (positive) בְּרִית עוֹלָם (berit olam) (see ch.24)		Positive counterpart to ch.24’s broken covenant — reuse baseline covenant=pacto; God’s covenant of peace now stands unbreakably secure after the Servant’s atoning work.	pacto eterno / pacto de paz	High (reuse).

Chapter 55

Terms	Variants	Contextual Theological Meaning	Spanish Rendering	Risk Tier & Reason
come, all who thirst הוֹי כָּל־צָמֵא לְכוּ (hoy kol-tsame lekhu) ho, everyone who thirsts, come	free, universal invitation to salvation without payment ”come, everyone who thirsts… he who has no money”	Direct OT root of the grace doctrine’s “unmerited favor received… not earned” emphasis (baseline Critical entry); “buy wine and milk without money and without price” anticipates Romans 3:24’s “justified by his grace as a gift.”	venid a las aguas todos los sedientos	High — reuse baseline grace risk profile; must not be softened toward a merit-cooperation reading (baseline’s explicit caution).
my word shall not return to me empty לֹא־יָשׁוּב אֵלַי רֵיקָם (lo yashuv elai reikam) shall not return to me empty	the efficacious, guaranteed accomplishment of God’s spoken word ”my word… shall not return to me empty”	Ties to inspiration_of_scripture/word-of-God doctrine (reuse ch.40 term); assures the reliability of prophetic promise, directly relevant to fulfillment_of_prophecy.	no volverá a mí vacía	Medium-High.

Section G: Restoration and the New Creation (Isaiah 56–66)

Chapter 56

Terms	Variants	Contextual Theological Meaning	Spanish Rendering	Risk Tier & Reason
house of prayer for all nations בֵּית־תְּפִלָּה לְכָל־הָעַמִּים (beit tefillah le-khol ha-ammim) house of prayer for all the peoples	the temple’s intended universal, not merely national, purpose ”a house of prayer for all peoples/nations”	Critical direct link — quoted by Jesus (Mark 11:17; Matthew 21:13) when clearing the Temple; central salvation_extended_to_the_nations text.	casa de oración para todos los pueblos	Critical — must match any existing Mark 11:17 rendering for cross-curriculum consistency.
foreigners and eunuchs included בְּנֵי הַנֵּכָר…סָרִיס (bnei ha-nekhar…saris) sons of the foreigner…eunuch	categories historically excluded from full covenant participation, now welcomed ”the foreigners,” “the eunuchs”	Concrete social embodiment of salvation_extended_to_the_nations and unity_of_jews_and_gentiles — anticipates Acts 8’s Ethiopian eunuch (himself reading Isaiah 53!) and Gentile inclusion generally.	extranjeros… eunuco	Medium-High.

Chapter 57

Terms	Variants	Contextual Theological Meaning	Spanish Rendering	Risk Tier & Reason
contrite and lowly spirit דַּכָּא וּשְׁפַל־רוּחַ (dakka u-shefal-ruach) crushed and lowly of spirit	genuine humility as the posture God dwells with ”a contrite and lowly spirit”	Reuse imagery-family with 53:5’s dakka (“crushed”); links personal humility to the Servant’s own crushing, an important devotional/teaching bridge.	espíritu contrito y humilde	Medium-High.

Chapter 58

Terms	Variants	Contextual Theological Meaning	Spanish Rendering	Risk Tier & Reason
loose the bonds of wickedness פַּתֵּחַ חַרְצֻבּוֹת רֶשַׂע (patteach chartsubbot resha) to loosen the bonds of wickedness	true fasting/religion expressed in social justice, not ritual performance ”loose the bonds of wickedness,” “true fasting”	Reuse mishpat (justice) family; grounds judgment_on_israels_idolatry_and_injustice in concrete social ethics, resisting a purely ritualistic religion.	soltar las ligaduras de impiedad	Medium-High.

Chapter 59

Terms	Variants	Contextual Theological Meaning	Spanish Rendering	Risk Tier & Reason
sin separates from God עֲוֹנֹתֵיכֶם הִפְרִידוּ (avoneikhem hifridu) your iniquities have separated	sin as relational barrier between God and people ”your sins have hidden his face from you”	Ties universal_human_accountability to judgment_on_israels_idolatry_and_injustice — sin is fundamentally relational estrangement, resolved only through the Servant’s atonement (ch.53).	vuestras iniquidades han hecho separación entre vosotros y vuestro Dios	High.
the Redeemer will come to Zion וּבָא לְצִיּוֹן גּוֹאֵל (u-va le-Tsiyyon go’el) and a redeemer shall come to Zion	messianic redemption arriving specifically for the covenant people ”the Redeemer will come to Zion”	CRITICAL direct quotation in Romans 11:26 (already in the baseline curriculum, part of Paul’s argument about Israel’s future salvation) — must match the exact rendering used there.	vendrá a Sion un Redentor	CRITICAL — cross-curriculum consistency mandatory; also reuse baseline concepts of salvation and connect to sovereignty_of_god_over_the_nations/Israel’s ultimate destiny (Romans 9-11 territory).

Chapter 60

Terms	Variants	Contextual Theological Meaning	Spanish Rendering	Risk Tier & Reason
arise, shine קוּמִי אוֹרִי (qumi ori) arise, shine!	Zion’s commissioned radiance as a light-bearer to the world ”Arise, shine, for your light has come”	Culminating salvation_extended_to_the_nations image — nations and kings streaming to Zion’s light; reuse baseline glory=gloria (“the glory of the LORD has risen upon you”).	levántate, resplandece	High.

Chapter 61 — The Messiah’s Self-Description

Terms	Variants	Contextual Theological Meaning	Spanish Rendering	Risk Tier & Reason
the Spirit of the Lord GOD is upon me רוּחַ אֲדֹנָי יֱהוִה עָלַי (ruach Adonai YHWH alai) the Spirit of the Lord YHWH is upon me	Spirit-anointed commissioning for a specific redemptive mission ”the Spirit of the Lord GOD is upon me”	CRITICAL direct link — Jesus reads this text in the Nazareth synagogue and declares “today this Scripture is fulfilled” (Luke 4:18-21), making this one of the most explicit self-identifications of Jesus as the promised Messiah/Servant in the entire Bible; central to the_coming_messiah_and_suffering_servant.	el Espíritu de Jehová el Señor está sobre mí	CRITICAL — combines Adonai + YHWH, requiring “Señor Jehová” convention (see divine-name conventions below); mandatory theologian review given the direct dominical self-application.
good news to the poor לְבַשֵּׂר עֲנָוִים (le-vasser anavim, root bsr, same root as mevasser 52:7) to bring good news to the afflicted/poor	proclamation content — the euangelion/evangelio root verb again ”to bring good news to the poor,” “to preach the gospel to the poor”	Critical direct lexical link to gospel=evangelio (baseline Critical entry) and to 52:7’s mevasser — this is the OT verbal root of “evangelizar/anunciar el evangelio.”	para anunciar buenas nuevas a los pobres	Critical (reuse gospel risk profile).
the acceptable year of the LORD שְׁנַת־רָצוֹן לַיהוָה (shenat-ratson la-YHWH) year of favor/goodwill of the LORD	a proclaimed period of God’s gracious favor (jubilee imagery) “the year of the LORD’s favor,” “the acceptable year of the Lord”	Direct lexical and thematic root of the grace doctrine (baseline Critical) — God’s favor is a proclaimed gift, not an achievement; also ties to Jubilee-release imagery (debt/slavery release), reinforcing salvation as liberation, not payment.	el año agradable de Jehová / el año de la buena voluntad de Jehová	High — reuse baseline grace caution against a merit-cooperation framing.

Chapter 62

Terms	Variants	Contextual Theological Meaning	Spanish Rendering	Risk Tier & Reason
Hephzibah / Beulah חֶפְצִי־בָהּ / בְּעוּלָה (Chephzi-bah / Be’ulah) my delight is in her / married	symbolic renaming of Zion, signifying restored covenant relationship ”Hephzibah” (“My Delight Is in Her”), “Beulah” (“Married”)	Restoration imagery expressed through marital covenant renaming — ties comfort_and_restoration to bridegroom/bride imagery later developed in Ephesians 5 and Revelation 21 (church as Bride of Christ).	Hefzibá / Beulá (transliterate, with meaning gloss)	Medium — transliterate proper symbolic names with explanatory gloss at first occurrence.

Chapter 63

Terms	Variants	Contextual Theological Meaning	Spanish Rendering	Risk Tier & Reason
treading the winepress (divine warrior) דָּרַכְתִּי בַגַּת (darakhti va-gat) I have trodden the winepress	violent imagery of decisive divine judgment on evil ”I have trodden the winepress alone”	Possible background to Revelation 19:15’s winepress-of-wrath imagery applied to the returning Christ — connects sovereignty_of_god_over_the_nations to final judgment.	he pisado el lagar	Medium-High.
grieved his Holy Spirit עִצְּבוּ אֶת־רוּחַ קָדְשׁוֹ (itstsevu et-ruach qodsho) they grieved his Spirit of holiness	rebellion against God causing personal, relational grief to his Spirit ”they grieved his Holy Spirit”	Critical direct lexical link to Ephesians 4:30 (“do not grieve the Holy Spirit”) and to baseline’s holy_spirit=Espíritu Santo doctrine — one of the OT’s clearest statements of the Spirit’s personal nature (a Spirit that can be grieved is not an impersonal force), directly supporting baseline’s explicit caution against impersonal-force renderings.	contristaron su Santo Espíritu / su Espíritu Santo	Critical — reuse baseline holy_spirit risk profile exactly; must retain personal-Person sense, distinguished from impersonal spirit/ancestral-spirit frameworks per baseline’s Espiritismo/Santería caution.

Chapter 64

Terms	Variants	Contextual Theological Meaning	Spanish Rendering	Risk Tier & Reason
we are the clay, you are the potter וְאַתָּה יֹצְרֵנוּ…חֹמֶר (ve-atah yotsrenu…chomer) you are our potter/former…clay	sovereign divine authority over creaturely destiny ”we are the clay, and you our potter”	Critical direct link — quoted (in concept and imagery) in Romans 9:20-21’s potter/clay argument for divine sovereignty in election, already a Critical/High doctrine cluster (election, providence) in the baseline.	nosotros el barro, tú el alfarero	Critical — cross-curriculum consistency with Romans 9:20-21 mandatory.

Chapter 65

Terms	Variants	Contextual Theological Meaning	Spanish Rendering	Risk Tier & Reason
I was found by those who did not seek me נִדְרַשְׁתִּי לְלוֹא שָׁאָלוּ נִמְצֵאתִי לְלֹא בִקְשֻׁנִי (nidrashti le-lo sha’alu; nimtseti le-lo viqshuni) I was inquired of by those who did not ask; I was found by those who did not seek me	God’s initiative in salvation reaching those who were not seeking him — often Gentiles ”I was found by those who did not seek me”	CRITICAL direct quotation in Romans 10:20 (already in the baseline curriculum), applied by Paul to Gentile salvation apart from Israel’s seeking — directly reinforces salvation_extended_to_the_nations and the doctrine of grace as unmerited, unsought divine initiative.	fui hallado por los que no me buscaban	CRITICAL — must match the exact rendering used in the Romans 10:20 translation for cross-curriculum consistency.
new heavens and a new earth שָׁמַיִם חֲדָשִׁים וָאָרֶץ חֲדָשָׁה (shamayim chadashim va-eretz chadashah) new heavens and a new earth	complete eschatological re-creation, not mere restoration/repair of the present order ”new heavens and a new earth”	Anchors the curriculum’s final named doctrine, the_new_heavens_and_new_earth; quoted 2 Peter 3:13 and Revelation 21:1. Must be taught as genuine new creation, not merely a renovated present earth nor a purely disembodied “heaven” destination — both under- and over-readings are live risks in popular Hispanic Christian eschatology (respectively: a vague “ir al cielo” individualist afterlife hope, or a purely this-worldly utopian political reading).	cielos nuevos y tierra nueva	High — flag for explicit teaching note guarding both under-reading (disembodied heaven-only) and over-reading (political utopia) risks; consistent rendering required at 65:17 and 66:22.
wolf and lamb feed together (reprise) (see 11:6-9)		Reprise bracketing ch.11’s peaceable-kingdom vision within the book’s final new-creation climax.	el lobo y el cordero se apacentarán juntos (reuse)	Medium (reuse).

Chapter 66

Terms	Variants	Contextual Theological Meaning	Spanish Rendering	Risk Tier & Reason
new heavens and new earth (reprise) (see 65:17)		Reprised and extended: “the new heavens and the new earth that I make shall remain before me” — the book’s final eschatological horizon, immediately followed by all nations coming to worship (66:18-23), closing the loop with salvation_extended_to_the_nations.	cielos nuevos y tierra nueva (reuse)	High (reuse).
as a mother comforts כְּאִישׁ אֲשֶׁר אִמּוֹ תְּנַחֲמֶנּוּ (ke-ish asher immo tenachamenu) as a man whose mother comforts him	tender, maternal image of God’s comfort as the book’s closing note ”as one whom his mother comforts, so I will comfort you”	Closes the nacham (comfort) motif opened in 40:1, bracketing the entire second half of the book (comfort_and_restoration_for_gods_people) between two comfort declarations.	como aquel a quien consuela su madre	Medium-High.

---

Summary Note on Divine-Name Conventions Established in This Analysis

Because Isaiah, unlike Romans, requires rendering the Old Testament Tetragrammaton and its combinations, this analysis establishes the following conventions for the Spanish Language Package (to be carried into 08_core_glossary.md and enforced in Phase 2):

• YHWH (Tetragrammaton) → Jehová (per RV1960 convention, which the baseline’s system prompt already names as the register anchor). Critical risk: must be taught as the same one God as “Dios”/“Señor” elsewhere, not a separate deity name, and distinguished from “Adonai.”
• Adonai (standalone) → Señor (reuse baseline lord=Señor).
• Adonai YHWH (combined) → Señor Jehová (RV1960 convention).
• El / Elohim → Dios (reuse baseline god=Dios).

These conventions must be loaded alongside the baseline translation_memory.json for all Phase 2 Isaiah segment translation.