Core Glossary
Core Glossary: Luke (English → Spanish)
Purpose
This glossary consolidates every load-bearing term identified in 07_semantic_analysis.md, covering the core passage (Luke 4:16-21) and all 24 chapters of Luke. It is organized in two parts:
- Part A — Baseline Romans Terms Reused in Luke: terms already standardized in the baseline Romans
translation_memory.json/bible_term_registry.json. These renderings MUST be reused exactly; this glossary does not alter them, only confirms their occurrence in Luke. - Part B — New Terms Introduced by Luke: terms not present in the Romans baseline, requiring new registry entries specific to this curriculum. These are candidates for addition to
translation_memory.jsonandbible_term_registry.jsonin Phase 2 setup, following the same schema and risk-tier conventions as the baseline.
Risk tiers, review routing, and schema conventions follow the baseline exactly: Critical and High require human theologian review; Medium requires native speaker review; Low requires automated review only.
Part A — Baseline Romans Terms Reused Exactly in Luke
| Term (English) | Spanish rendering (REUSE EXACTLY) | Risk (per baseline) | Luke occurrences (representative) | Note for Luke curriculum |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| gospel | evangelio | High | 4:18 (verb form εὐαγγελίζω), throughout | Verb form εὐαγγελίζω may render descriptively as “anunciar buenas nuevas” per baseline’s permitted gloss use; the noun εὐαγγέλιον itself must always be “evangelio.” |
| grace | gracia | High | 1:30 (χαριτόω), 2:40, 2:52, 4:22 | Preserve unmerited-favor sense; avoid Marian-mediatrix drift (see χαριτόω, Part B). |
| faith | fe | High | 5:20, 7:9, 7:50, 8:25, 8:48, 17:19, 18:8, 18:42, 22:32 | Object of faith (Jesus) must remain recoverable in every occurrence. |
| righteousness | justicia | Critical | 1:75, 23:47 (δίκαιος) | Forensic standing, not moral achievement; ties to δικαιόω at 18:14. |
| justification | justificación | Critical | 18:14 (δικαιόω, verb: “justificado”) | Direct Lukan parallel to Romans 3-5’s forensic doctrine; preserve “declared righteous,” not gradual infusion. |
| salvation | salvación | Critical | 1:47(σωτήρ-related), 1:69, 1:71, 1:77, 2:30, 19:9, 19:10 | Central Lukan theme; reconciliation received by faith, not merit/sacrament-secured outcome. |
| apostle | apóstol | Low | 6:13, 9:10, 11:49, 17:5, 22:14 | Unambiguous across traditions. |
| called | llamado | Medium | contextual (cf. 1:32, 1:35, 1:76 “will be called”) | Context-sensitive per baseline note. |
| calling | llamado | High | not lexically frequent in Luke by this exact noun, but doctrine present throughout | Avoid “vocación” per baseline caution. |
| holy | santo | Medium | 1:35, 1:49, 1:70, 1:72, 2:23, 4:34 | Applied to Jesus, to God’s name, to Scripture, to the covenant. |
| saints | santos | Critical | not prominent as a Lukan noun (more a Pauline/Acts term), but doctrine (call to holiness of all believers) is present via ἅγιος throughout | Maintain baseline caution even though the specific plural noun is rarer in Luke than in Romans. |
| sanctification | santificación | High | thematically present (holiness of disciples), not a frequent standalone noun in Luke | Retain baseline caution against penitential-merit framing. |
| adoption | adopción | Medium | thematically present (sonship, inheritance), not the exact term υἱοθεσία in Luke | Apply baseline note on full-heir status where sonship-of-believers themes arise in teaching (e.g., 15:11-32 prodigal son). |
| resurrection | resurrección | Critical | 2:34 (πτῶσις καὶ ἀνάστασις — DO NOT use here, different sense), 14:14, 20:27-40, 24:6 | Reserve “resurrección” strictly for bodily/historical resurrection; do NOT use for 2:34’s “falling and rising” metaphor. |
| lord | Señor | Critical | 1:43, 1:76, 2:11, 20:42-44 | Exclusive, supreme lordship; conjoined with σωτήρ and Χριστός at 2:11. |
| son_of_god | Hijo de Dios | Critical | 1:32, 1:35, 3:22, 4:3, 4:9, 4:41, 8:28, 9:35 | Must stay lexically distinct from “Hijo del Hombre” (Part B) and from generic “hijos de Dios” applied to believers. |
| incarnation | encarnación | High | 1:31-35, 2:7 (theological category, not a single lexical occurrence) | Catechetical risk (Christmas-only narrowing) applies equally in Luke’s infancy narrative. |
| peace | paz | Medium | 1:79, 2:14, 7:50, 8:48, 19:38, 19:42, 24:36 | Relational peace with God, not mere emotional calm. |
| spiritual_gifts | dones espirituales | Medium | thematically present (Spirit-empowerment for mission, 24:49) rather than the exact term χάρισμα | Note conceptual overlap with δύναμις ἐξ ὕψους (24:49). |
| thanksgiving | acción de gracias | Low | 17:16 (εὐχαριστέω), 18:11 | Standard; low risk confirmed in Luke as in Romans. |
| fellowship | compañerismo | Low | thematically present (table fellowship, 5:29; 15:1-2; 19:1-10) though Luke’s key vocabulary is social/table-sharing rather than κοινωνία | Do not substitute “comunión de los santos” for Luke’s table-fellowship scenes. |
| church | iglesia | Medium | not a frequent term within the Gospel itself (more prominent in Acts) | Retain for any teaching material bridging Luke to Acts. |
| kingdom_of_god | reino de Dios | Medium | 4:43, 6:20, 8:1, 8:10, 9:2, 9:60, 10:9, 11:20, 12:31, 13:18-21, 13:29, 14:15, 16:16, 17:20-21, 18:16-17, 18:24-25, 18:29, 19:11, 21:31, 22:16, 22:18, 23:42 | The single most frequent theological phrase in Luke; both “already” (17:21) and “not yet” (21:31) senses must be taught. |
| law | ley | High | 2:22-27, 2:39, 10:26, 16:16-17, 24:44 | Mosaic law; standard rendering holds. |
| sin | pecado | Medium | 1:77, 3:3, 5:20-24, 7:37-49, 11:4, 15:7, 15:10, 17:3-4, 24:47 | Never soften to “falta”; central to repentance/forgiveness doctrine. |
| gentiles | gentiles | Low | 2:32, 21:24, 24:47 (as “ἔθνη”/nations, broader sense) | Never render as “paganos”; ties to “Savior for All Nations” doctrine. |
| glory | gloria | Medium | 2:9, 2:14, 2:32, 9:26, 9:31-32, 17:18, 19:38, 24:26 | God’s radiant honor and presence. |
| obedience_of_faith | obediencia de la fe | High | thematically present (discipleship obedience, e.g., 6:46-49, 8:21) rather than the exact Pauline phrase | Apply the same “not ecclesial-precept compliance” caution when teaching Lukan obedience texts. |
| power_of_god | poder de Dios | Medium | 1:35, 4:14, 4:36, 5:17, 9:1, 24:49 | God’s power for salvation and mission. |
| messiah | Mesías | Critical | 2:11, 2:26, 3:15, 4:41, 9:20, 20:41, 22:67, 23:2, 23:35, 23:39, 24:26, 24:46 | Extremely frequent in Luke; the single most load-bearing christological title alongside “Señor” and “Hijo de Dios.” |
| prophet | profeta | Low | 1:76, 4:17, 4:24, 7:16, 7:26, 7:39, 9:8, 9:19, 13:33-34, 16:16, 16:29-31, 24:19, 24:25, 24:27 | Very frequent; standard rendering. |
| prophecy | profecía | Low | thematically present via πληρόω/γραφή fulfillment language throughout | Standard rendering. |
| covenant | pacto | High | 1:72, 22:20 | Davidic/new covenant continuity; standardize on “pacto” per baseline. |
| election | elección | High | 9:35 (ἐκλελεγμένος, “Escogido”), 18:7 (ἐκλεκτῶν, “elect ones”) | Sovereign choice; avoid fatalistic “destino.” |
| intercession | intercesión | Critical | thematically present in prayer texts (11:1-13; 18:1-8; 22:32) though Luke’s specific vocabulary is προσευχή rather than the exact Pauline term | Same baseline caution applies: do not default to saint/Marian mediation as the model; Jesus teaches direct address to the Father. |
| providence | providencia | Medium | thematically present (God’s sovereign care, e.g., 12:6-7, 12:22-32) | Avoid fatalistic “destino”/“suerte” framing. |
| mission | misión | Medium | 9:1-6, 10:1-12, 24:47 (sending language) | Colonial-association caution from baseline applies equally here. |
| david | David | Low | 1:27, 1:32, 1:69, 2:4, 2:11, 3:31, 6:3, 18:38-39, 20:41-44 | Standard proper name. |
| israel | Israel | Low | 1:16, 1:54, 1:68, 1:80, 2:25, 2:32, 2:34, 4:25, 4:27, 22:30, 24:21 | Standard proper name. |
| jesus | Jesús | Critical | throughout | Standard form. |
| god | Dios | Critical | throughout | Standard form. |
| holy_spirit | Espíritu Santo | Critical | 1:15, 1:35, 1:41, 1:67, 2:25-27, 3:16, 3:22, 4:1, 4:14, 4:18, 10:21, 11:13, 12:12, 24:49 | Central to “The Holy Spirit’s Work in Salvation History” doctrine; extremely frequent in Luke — the most Spirit-saturated Gospel. |
| father | Padre | Critical | 2:49, 6:36, 9:26, 10:21-22, 11:2, 11:13, 12:30-32, 15:12-32, 22:29, 22:42, 23:34, 23:46, 24:49 | Direct filial address in prayer; ties to prodigal son (ch.15) and Gethsemane (ch.22). |
| abba | Abba | Medium | not directly occurring in Luke’s Greek text (Luke renders simply Πάτερ at 11:2, 22:42, unlike Mark 14:36/Romans 8:15) | Retain baseline entry for cross-curriculum consistency; note that Luke itself does not transliterate “Abba” — do not import it into Luke’s own text where the Greek reads only Πάτερ. |
| exhort | exhortar | Low | not a frequent exact term in Luke; thematically present in teaching discourses | Standard rendering if used in teaching material. |
| seed_of_david | descendencia de David | Medium | 1:32, 1:69, 2:4 (thematic; exact phrase more explicit in Romans 1:3) | Davidic lineage established in the infancy narrative. |
| imputed_righteousness | justicia imputada | Critical | not a distinct Lukan pericope, but 18:14’s δικαιόω is the conceptually closest Lukan text | Cross-reference for teaching continuity between Luke and Romans justification doctrine. |
Part B — New Terms Introduced by Luke (Candidates for Registry Addition)
| term_id | English | Category | Risk | Original (Greek) | Transliteration | Definition | Proposed Spanish rendering | Alternatives rejected | Translation/doctrine notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
aphesis_release_forgiveness | release / forgiveness | Salvation | Critical | ἄφεσις | aphesis | Release from bondage/debt (Jubilee sense) and forgiveness of sins — one Greek word carrying both senses across Luke. | libertad (social/physical sense, e.g., 4:18) / perdón (sin sense, e.g., 1:77; 3:3; 24:47) | “liberación espiritual únicamente” (would erase the social/physical sense); “perdón” alone for 4:18 (would erase the Jubilee/liberty sense) | The single highest-leverage new term in this curriculum. Every occurrence requires a translator note cross-referencing the other sense so the Spanish-reading learner does not lose Luke’s deliberate unification of social liberation and forgiveness of sins as one kingdom reality. |
savior_title | Savior | Christology | Critical | σωτήρ | sōtēr | Title for God/Jesus as the one who decisively rescues/delivers. | Salvador | ”salvador” applied loosely to any helper/benefactor figure | Must retain exclusive force parallel to baseline’s “Señor” caution; not diluted by devotional application to saints/Virgin as co-saviors. Conjoined with Mesías/Señor at 2:11. |
metanoia_repentance | repentance | Repentance & Forgiveness | High | μετάνοια / μετανοέω | metanoia / metanoeō | A genuine reorientation of mind and life, evidenced by changed conduct (“fruit”). | arrepentimiento / arrepentirse | ”remordimiento” (mere emotional regret, insufficient); reduction to a sacramental-penitential transaction (confession + assigned penance) as the primary referent | Central to “Repentance and Forgiveness of Sins” doctrine; must be taught as life-reorientation evidenced by fruit (3:8-14), not merely inward feeling or ritual compliance. |
hamartolos_sinner | sinner | Table Fellowship | High | ἁμαρτωλός | hamartōlos | A person marked by moral transgression, and in Luke specifically, a socially/religiously despised outsider category (tax collectors, prostitutes, etc.) with whom Jesus deliberately shares table fellowship. | pecador | softened generic “todos somos pecadores” abstraction that loses the concrete social-boundary-crossing scandal | Foundational to “Jesus’ Compassion and Table Fellowship with Sinners”; the doctrinal point is the concrete, scandalous inclusion of named social outcasts, not merely universal human sinfulness in the abstract (contrast with Romans’ more general use). |
huios_tou_anthropou | Son of Man | Christology | Critical | υἱὸς τοῦ ἀνθρώπου | huios tou anthrōpou | Jesus’ characteristic self-designation, drawing on Daniel 7’s exalted, authoritative heavenly figure while affirming genuine humanity. | Hijo del Hombre | conflation with “Hijo de Dios” (a distinct, non-interchangeable title); reduction to a merely humble “son of a human” self-reference without the Danielic authority claim | Must be kept lexically and doctrinally distinct from Hijo de Dios in every teaching context; the two titles are both true of Christ but carry different theological freight. |
ptochos_poor | the poor | Poverty & Marginalization | High | πτωχός | ptōchos | Economically poor, destitute, socially powerless. | pobres | over-spiritualized “pobres de espíritu” reading that erases Luke’s material referent (contrast with Matthew 5:3) | Central to “Good News to the Poor and Marginalized”; teaching must preserve the literal economic/social referent as primary. |
makarios_blessed | blessed | Kingdom Present/Future | High | μακάριος | makarios | A declarative pronouncement of God’s favor and flourishing, not a subjective feeling of happiness. | bienaventurados (primary, RV tradition) / dichosos (accessible alternative) | “felices” (reduces to subjective emotional happiness, losing the declarative kingdom-pronouncement force) | Foundational to the Sermon on the Plain (6:20-26); must be taught as God’s authoritative declaration of favor on the poor/marginalized, not a self-help affirmation. |
splagchnizomai_compassion | compassion (visceral) | Compassion | High | σπλαγχνίζομαι / σπλάγχνον | splagchnizomai | Gut-level, embodied compassion that moves a person to concrete action. | compasión / compadecerse de | detached “lástima” (pity, without the embodied, action-driving force); reduction to mere sentiment | Defining verb of “Jesus’ Compassion” doctrine (Good Samaritan, 10:33; prodigal’s father, 15:20); must convey action-producing, embodied compassion. |
mathetes_disciple | disciple | Discipleship | Medium | μαθητής | mathētēs | A committed, life-reordering apprentice/follower of Jesus. | discípulo | reduction to casual admirer or inherited cultural-Christian identity | Foundational term for “Cost and Joy of Discipleship”; teach as costly, committed apprenticeship, not passive cultural affiliation. |
akoloutheo_follow | follow | Discipleship | Medium | ἀκολουθέω | akoloutheō | To follow as a committed disciple, leaving prior life behind. | seguir | reduction to casual agreement or admiration without embodied life-change | The basic verb of discipleship’s cost (5:11, 27-28; 9:57-62; 18:22, 28). |
stauros_cross_discipleship | cross (discipleship) | Discipleship | High | σταυρός | stauros | The instrument of shameful execution, reframed as the daily pattern of self-denying discipleship. | cruz | domestication into a generic metaphor for “life’s difficulties” or minor inconvenience | ”Take up his cross daily” (9:23) and “carry his own cross” (14:27) are THE defining texts of “The Cost… of Discipleship”; must retain full costly, shameful force. |
aparneomai_self_denial | deny oneself | Discipleship | High | ἀπαρνέομαι | aparneomai | Total renunciation of self-rule as the condition of following Christ. | negarse a sí mismo | reduction to minor self-restraint or generic humility | Paired with “take up the cross” (9:23). |
splagchnizomai — cross-ref | (see above) | ||||||||
stauroo_crucify | crucify | Christology/Salvation | Critical | σταυρόω | stauroō | The historical act of execution by crucifixion, the central saving event of the Gospel. | crucificar | any euphemistic softening that obscures the historical brutality and centrality of the event | Verb form not present as a standalone entry in the Romans baseline registry; must be added explicitly for Luke given ch.23’s centrality. |
basileus_king | king | Christology | High | βασιλεύς | basileus | Royal ruler; applied ironically-but-truly to the crucified Jesus. | rey | reduction to a merely political title stripped of messianic force | ”King of the Jews” inscription (23:38) is Luke’s climactic ironic-but-true royal confession. |
paradeisos_paradise | paradise | Salvation/Eschatology | High | παράδεισος | paradeisos | Immediate, personal presence with Christ granted to the repentant at the moment of death. | paraíso | conflation with a purgatorial multi-stage afterlife journey delaying full presence with Christ | 23:43’s “today you will be with me in paradise” is a climactic “Savior for All People” and “today”/σήμερον fulfillment text. |
samaritanos_samaritan | Samaritan | Savior for All Nations | High | Σαμαρίτης | Samaritēs | Member of a religio-ethnic group historically despised by Jews, used by Jesus as a moral/faith exemplar. | samaritano | treating the term as a neutral ethnonym without the necessary historical-hostility teaching note | Requires explicit teaching note on 1st-century Jewish-Samaritan enmity for the parable/episodes (10:25-37; 17:11-19) to retain their force. |
plesion_neighbor | neighbor | Savior for All People | Medium | πλησίον | plēsion | One’s fellow human, radically redefined beyond ethnic/religious kinship. | prójimo | narrowing to “los de mi grupo” (in-group only) | 10:29-37’s central redefined category. |
mamonas_mammon | mammon/wealth | Rich and Poor | High | μαμωνᾶς | mamōnas | Wealth personified as a rival claimant to ultimate loyalty. | riquezas (with optional transliteration gloss “Mamón”) | purely neutral “dinero” that loses the personified rival-master force | 16:13’s “cannot serve God and mammon.” |
hades_realm_of_dead | Hades | Eschatology | Medium | Ἅδης | Hadēs | The intermediate realm/state of the dead prior to final judgment. | Hades | uncritical conflation with popular “el infierno” (final hell) | 16:23; distinguish intermediate state from final judgment in teaching notes. |
apollymi_lost | lost | Repentance & Salvation | High | ἀπόλλυμι / ἀπολωλός | apollymi / apolōlos | Being lost/perishing, and correspondingly being sought and found. | perdido | reduction to mere carelessness/misplacement, losing the salvation-historical weight | Controlling image of ch.15’s trilogy of parables and 19:10’s mission statement. |
chara_joy | joy | Discipleship | Medium | χαρά | chara | The relational, communal joy of restoration and salvation. | gozo | flattening to generic “felicidad” | 15:7,10,32; 24:52 — bookends “Cost and Joy of Discipleship.” |
proseuche_prayer | prayer | Prayer & Dependence | High | προσευχή / προσεύχομαι | proseuchē / proseuchomai | Intimate, dependent address to God the Father, and persistent petition. | oración / orar | reduction to ritual formula recitation, or primary orientation toward interceding saints/the Virgin rather than direct address to the Father | Foundational to “Prayer and Dependence on God” (11:1-13; 18:1-8; 22:39-46). |
homologeo_confess | confess/acknowledge | Discipleship | High | ὁμολογέω | homologeō | Public, open acknowledgment of allegiance to Christ. | confesar / reconocer | private, purely internal assent without public dimension | 12:8-9; conceptually parallel to Romans 10:9’s confession consistency rule — apply the same care for verbatim consistency. |
sunagoge_synagogue | synagogue | Setting/Institution | Low | συναγωγή | synagōgē | Jewish assembly/place of worship and Scripture reading. | sinagoga | none needed | Standard, stable term; core passage setting (4:16). |
sabbaton_sabbath | Sabbath | Setting/Institution | Low | σάββατον | sabbaton | The weekly day of rest/worship. | sábado | none needed | Recurs across healing controversies (4:16; 6:1-11; 13:10-17; 14:1-6). |
telones_tax_collector | tax collector | Marginalized Groups | Medium | τελώνης | telōnēs | Roman tax-collection agent, socially despised in Jewish society. | publicano (RV tradition; gloss: “recaudador de impuestos”) | modern-only “recaudador de impuestos” without the RV-tradition term, risking register mismatch with the baseline’s RV1960/RVA2015 anchor | Recurs 3:12; 5:27-32; 7:29; 15:1; 18:10-14; 19:1-10. |
leprosos_leper | leper | Marginalized Groups | Medium | λεπρός / λέπρα | lepros / lepra | Person with a skin disease causing ritual and social exclusion. | leproso / lepra | none needed | 5:12-13; 17:11-19. |
chera_widow | widow | Marginalized Groups | Medium | χήρα | chēra | Widowed woman, a paradigmatic vulnerable/marginalized figure in Luke. | viuda | none needed | 2:37 (Anna); 7:12; 18:1-8; 21:1-4. |
anaperos_cholos_disabled | crippled / lame | Marginalized Groups | Medium | ἀνάπηρος / χωλός | anapēros / chōlos | Physically disabled persons excluded from normal social participation. | lisiado / cojo | none needed | 14:13, 21 — the banquet-invitation list. |
hekatontarches_centurion | centurion | Savior for All Nations | Medium | ἑκατοντάρχης | hekatontarchēs | Roman military officer; Gentile exemplar of faith. | centurión | none needed | 7:1-10; 23:47. |
pharisaios_pharisee | Pharisee | Religious Groups | Medium | Φαρισαῖος | Pharisaios | Jewish religious party emphasizing legal precision; recurring dialogue partner/antagonist. | fariseo | avoid teaching material that caricatures all Pharisees uniformly rather than reflecting the text’s own nuance (e.g., 7:36-50; Nicodemus-adjacent sympathetic figures elsewhere in the NT) | 5:17—6:11; 7:36-50; 11:37-44; 15:1-2; 18:9-14. |
hypokrisis_hypocrisy | hypocrisy | Ethics | Medium | ὑποκρισία | hypokrisis | External religious performance without inward reality. | hipocresía | none needed | 11:37-44; 12:1-2. |
eniautos_kyriou_dektos | acceptable year of the Lord | Kingdom Present/Future | High | ἐνιαυτὸς Κυρίου δεκτός | eniautos Kyriou dektos | The eschatological Jubilee era of God’s decreed favor and liberation, inaugurated in Christ. | el año agradable del Señor | flattening “agradable/dektos” into vague pleasantness, losing the specific Jubilee-liberation referent | Core passage climax (4:19); requires explicit Leviticus 25 background teaching note. |
pleroo_fulfilled | fulfilled | Fulfillment of Prophecy | Critical | πληρόω | plēroō | Prophecy reaching its intended completion, not mere resemblance or partial parallel. | cumplido / se ha cumplido | ”se relaciona con” or “se parece a” (vague resonance instead of completed fulfillment) | Core passage climax (4:21); recurs at 24:44 for the whole Scripture’s fulfillment in Christ. |
zoe_aionios_eternal_life | eternal life | Salvation | Medium | ζωὴ αἰώνιος | zōē aiōnios | Life in the age to come, received now by faith. | vida eterna | none needed | 10:25; 18:18, 30. |
lytrosis_apolytrosis_redemption | redemption | Salvation | High | λύτρωσις / ἀπολύτρωσις | lytrōsis / apolytrōsis | A decisive act of God accomplishing release/deliverance, anticipated in the infancy narrative and consummated eschatologically. | redención | reduction to gradual religious self-improvement rather than a decisive divine act | 2:38 (already accomplished in hope) and 21:28 (future consummation) bookend Luke’s redemption vocabulary. |
soter_savior | (duplicate cross-ref to savior_title) | ||||||||
sozo_save_heal | save/heal | Salvation | Critical | σῴζω | sōzō | A single verb covering both physical healing and spiritual/eternal salvation — Luke deliberately does not separate the two. | salvar (“tu fe te ha salvado/sanado” per context) | forcing an artificial separation between “healed” and “saved” that the Greek does not require | Recurs at 7:50; 8:48; 17:19; 18:42 — a defining Lukan pattern for holistic salvation. |
Cross-Reference Notes for Phase 2 Preparation
- Priority Critical terms requiring theologian review on every occurrence in Luke:
aphesis_release_forgiveness,savior_title,huios_tou_anthropou,stauroo_crucify,pleroo_fulfilled,sozo_save_heal,metanoia_repentance(High, but treated with Critical-adjacent care given doctrine centrality), plus all baseline Critical terms reused (justicia, justificación, salvación, Señor, Hijo de Dios, resurrección, Mesías, Dios, Jesús, Espíritu Santo, Padre, justicia imputada). - The core passage’s
aphesis_release_forgivenesssplit (libertad/perdón) must be added totranslation_memory.jsonas a NEW entry with both context-sensitive renderings recorded, following the same pattern as the baseline’scalled/callingcontext-sensitive entry. sozo_save_healshould be added following the same context-sensitive-entry pattern, since its Spanish rendering shifts between “salvar” and “sanar” depending on whether physical healing or eternal salvation (or, as Luke intends, both at once) is primary in a given verse.- Consistency-critical Lukan sentences requiring verbatim identical rendering across all Phase 2 documents (parallel to baseline’s Romans 1:16-17 / 8:28 / 10:9-10 rule): Luke 4:18-19 (the Isaiah citation), Luke 4:21 (“Hoy se ha cumplido esta Escritura en su oídos”), Luke 19:10 (“a buscar y a salvar lo que se había perdido”), Luke 24:47 (“arrepentimiento para el perdón de los pecados… a todas las naciones”).
- All new terms above are recommended for formal addition to an updated
translation_memory.json(version increment) andbible_term_registry.jsonbefore Phase 2 segment translation begins, per the baseline’s own “Translation Memory Load and Enforcement Instructions.”
Critical Risk Terms
Righteousness
Approved rendering: justicia
Transliteration: dikaiosynē
Doctrine: Salvation
Rejected alternatives: rectitud moral autónoma, mérito acumulado
Original: δικαιοσύνη / δίκαιος
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Luke 1:75, 23:47 (δίκαιος, centurion’s confession of the crucified Jesus’ innocence/righteousness) ties this term directly to the ‘Savior for All Nations’ doctrine as well.
Justification
Approved rendering: justificación
Transliteration: dikaiōsis
Doctrine: Salvation
Rejected alternatives: proceso gradual de purificación interior
Original: δικαιόω
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Luke 18:14 (δικαιόω, ‘justificado’) is the direct Lukan parallel to Romans 3-5’s forensic doctrine: the tax collector, not the self-righteous Pharisee, ‘fue justificado.’ Preserve the forensic ‘declarado justo’ sense exactly as in Romans.
Salvation
Approved rendering: salvación
Transliteration: sōtēria
Doctrine: Salvation
Rejected alternatives: salvarse por buenas obras, merecer el cielo mediante sacramentos y penitencia
Original: σωτηρία / σωτήριον
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Central Lukan theme from the infancy narrative (1:47, 1:69, 1:71, 1:77, 2:30) through Zacchaeus (19:9-10); Luke’s repeated pairing of salvation with ‘hoy’ (σήμερον) reinforces its decisive, present-tense arrival, unlike a lifelong uncertain outcome secured by merit/penance/intercession.
Saints
Approved rendering: santos
Transliteration: hagioi
Doctrine: Sainthood
Rejected alternatives: los santos (canonizados, objeto de veneración e intercesión)
Original: ἅγιοι (thematic)
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package. The specific plural noun is rarer in Luke than in Romans, but the underlying doctrine (every disciple’s call to holiness) runs throughout; maintain the baseline caution in any teaching material bridging Luke to Acts or the epistles.
Lord
Approved rendering: Señor
Transliteration: kyrios
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: Señor mío (devotional-only, without lordship claim over the whole of life)
Original: κύριος
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package. Luke 2:11 conjoins Salvador, Cristo, and Señor in one angelic announcement — teach as one unified claim, not three separable titles. Also 1:43, 1:76, 20:41-44 (Christ’s authority over David himself).
Son Of God
Approved rendering: Hijo de Dios
Transliteration: huios theou
Doctrine: Sonship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: hijo de Dios en el sentido genérico aplicado a todo creyente
Original: υἱὸς θεοῦ
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package. Announced by Gabriel (1:32, 1:35), confirmed at the baptism (3:22) and Transfiguration (9:35), recognized even by demons (4:41). Must remain lexically distinct from ‘Hijo del Hombre’ (new Luke term, see below) and from the prodigal son’s restored adoptive sonship (ch.15).
Messiah
Approved rendering: Mesías
Transliteration: Christos / Mashiach
Doctrine: Messianic Promise
Rejected alternatives: un ungido más, entre otros santos o profetas venerados
Original: Χριστός / מָשִׁיחַ
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package. Extremely frequent in Luke (2:11, 2:26, 3:15, 4:41, 9:20, 20:41, 22:67, 23:2, 23:35, 23:39, 24:26, 24:46); Luke 4:18’s ‘me ha ungido’ directly names this anointing — teach the etymological link explicitly at the core passage.
Intercession
Approved rendering: intercesión
Transliteration: hyperentynchanei / enteuxis
Doctrine: Prayer and Intercession
Rejected alternatives: intercesión de los santos o de la Virgen como mediadores necesarios ante Dios
Original: προσευχή (thematic; Luke’s vocabulary is prayer generally rather than the exact Pauline intercession terms)
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans package. Luke’s vocabulary is prayer generally (προσευχή) rather than the exact Pauline term, but the doctrine is thematically present (11:1-13; 18:1-8; 22:32, Jesus interceding for Peter). Do not let this default to saint/Marian mediation; Luke teaches direct filial address to the Father.
Jesus
Approved rendering: Jesús
Transliteration: Iēsous / Yeshua
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Original: Ἰησοῦς / יֵשׁוּעַ
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package. Universally standard across all Spanish Bible traditions; the central figure of the Gospel.
God
Approved rendering: Dios
Transliteration: theos / Elohim / YHWH
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Original: θεός / אֱלֹהִים / יהוה
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. Universally standard; no rival deity-name confusion in mainstream Hispanic Christian usage.
Father
Approved rendering: Padre
Transliteration: patēr
Doctrine: Adoption into God’s Family
Original: πατήρ
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. The object of Jesus’ own prayer address (11:2, 22:42, 23:34, 23:46) and the father figure of the prodigal son parable (15:12-32); teach 11:2 and chapter 15 together as mutually reinforcing pictures of God’s fatherly welcome.
Imputed Righteousness
Approved rendering: justicia imputada
Transliteration: elogisthē autō eis dikaiosynēn
Doctrine: Justification by Faith
Rejected alternatives: justicia infundida (Tridentine category of righteousness progressively infused and increased through merit)
Original: ἐλογίσθη αὐτῷ εἰς δικαιοσύνην (conceptual; cf. Romans 4:3)
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Not a distinct Lukan pericope, but Luke 18:14’s δικαιόω (the justified tax collector) is the conceptually closest Lukan text; cross-reference for teaching continuity between Luke and Romans justification doctrine. NEVER render as ‘justicia infundida.‘
Aphesis Release Forgiveness
Approved rendering: libertad (contexto social/físico, e.g. 4:18) / perdón (contexto de pecado, e.g. 1:77; 3:3; 5:20-24; 7:47-49; 24:47)
Transliteration: aphesis
Doctrine: Jubilee Liberation and Forgiveness of Sins
Rejected alternatives: liberación espiritual únicamente (erases the social/physical sense), perdón como única traducción en 4:18 (would erase the Jubilee/liberty sense)
Original: ἄφεσις
Category: Salvation
NEW TERM — not in Romans baseline. The single highest-leverage new term in this curriculum. One Greek word spans both social/economic Jubilee liberation (4:18, Leviticus 25 background) and forgiveness of sins (1:77; 3:3; 5:20-24; 7:47-49; 17:3-4; 24:47). Spanish forces a two-word split (libertad/perdón); EVERY occurrence requires a translator note cross-referencing the other sense so Luke’s deliberate unification of social liberation and forgiveness of sins as one kingdom reality is never lost.
Savior Title
Approved rendering: Salvador
Transliteration: sōtēr
Doctrine: Jesus as Savior for All People
Rejected alternatives: ‘salvador’ aplicado de forma laxa a cualquier figura benefactora o protectora
Original: σωτήρ
Category: Christology
NEW TERM — not in Romans baseline (Romans baseline registers ‘salvación’ but not this specific title noun). First applied to God by Mary (1:47), then to Jesus by the angel (2:11, conjoined with Mesías/Señor). Must retain exclusive, decisive-rescue force; folk Catholic piety readily applies devotional rescuer/protector titles to the Virgin and canonized saints (titulares regionales) — ‘Salvador’ must never become one benefactor title among several.
Huios Tou Anthropou
Approved rendering: Hijo del Hombre
Transliteration: huios tou anthrōpou
Doctrine: Son of Man’s Divine Authority
Rejected alternatives: conflación con ‘Hijo de Dios’ (título doctrinalmente distinto), autorreferencia meramente humilde sin la reclamación de autoridad danielica
Original: υἱὸς τοῦ ἀνθρώπου
Category: Christology
NEW TERM. Jesus’ characteristic self-designation, drawing on Daniel 7’s exalted heavenly figure while affirming genuine humanity (first occurrence 5:24, authority to forgive sins). Must be kept lexically and doctrinally distinct from ‘Hijo de Dios’ in every teaching context — both true of Christ, neither interchangeable. Also 9:22, 9:26, 9:44, 9:58, 22:69.
Stauroo Crucify
Approved rendering: crucificar
Transliteration: stauroō
Doctrine: The Crucifixion and Atoning Death of Christ
Rejected alternatives: cualquier suavización eufemística que oscurezca la brutalidad histórica del acontecimiento
Original: σταυρόω
Category: Christology and Salvation
NEW TERM — not a standalone entry in the Romans baseline registry; added explicitly given Luke chapter 23’s centrality. The historical act of execution (23:33); must retain full historical and theological weight.
Pleroo Fulfilled
Approved rendering: cumplido / se ha cumplido
Transliteration: plēroō
Doctrine: Messianic Fulfillment in Jesus
Rejected alternatives: ‘se relaciona con’ o ‘se parece a’ (resonancia vaga en lugar de cumplimiento consumado)
Original: πληρόω
Category: Fulfillment of Prophecy
NEW TERM. Core passage’s climactic verb (4:21); recurs at 24:44 for the whole of Scripture’s fulfillment in Christ. This is the interpretive key of the core passage and the entire Gospel’s fulfillment theology — must never be softened.
Sozo Save Heal
Approved rendering: salvar / sanar (context-dependent)
Transliteration: sōzō
Doctrine: Holistic Salvation: Healing and Saving as One Act
Rejected alternatives: separación artificial entre ‘sanado’ y ‘salvado’ que el texto griego no exige
Original: σῴζω
Category: Salvation
NEW TERM. One Greek verb covering both physical healing and spiritual/eternal salvation (7:50; 8:48; 17:19; 18:42); render context-sensitively but teach the holistic pattern explicitly at every occurrence — a defining feature of Luke’s theology.
High Risk Terms
Gospel
Approved rendering: evangelio
Transliteration: euangelion
Doctrine: Gospel
Rejected alternatives: buenas nuevas (only as a descriptive gloss, never the standalone technical term)
Original: εὐαγγέλιον
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. In Luke 4:18 the verb εὐαγγελίζω may render descriptively as ‘anunciar buenas nuevas’ per the baseline’s permitted gloss use, but the noun εὐαγγέλιον elsewhere in Luke must still render as ‘evangelio’ (e.g., 7:22, 9:6, 20:1).
Grace
Approved rendering: gracia
Transliteration: charis
Doctrine: Grace
Rejected alternatives: favor merecido, recompensa por buenas obras
Original: χάρις
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Luke 1:30 (χαριτόω, ‘favorecida’) is the specific Luke risk point: avoid the fixed liturgical Ave María phrase ‘llena de gracia,’ which implies Mary as a reservoir/dispenser of grace rather than its recipient. Also occurs 2:40, 2:52, 4:22.
Faith
Approved rendering: fe
Transliteration: pistis
Doctrine: Faith
Rejected alternatives: devoción religiosa general, creencia cultural heredada
Original: πίστις
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans package. Luke’s distinctive pattern commends faith in social outsiders (the Roman centurion, 7:9; the sinful woman, 7:50) over religious insiders; preserve this pattern rather than smoothing it into generic piety. Also occurs 5:20, 8:25, 8:48, 17:19, 18:8, 18:42, 22:32.
Calling
Approved rendering: llamado
Transliteration: klēsis
Doctrine: Divine Calling
Rejected alternatives: vocación (in the narrow sense of a call to priesthood or religious life)
Original: κλῆσις (thematic)
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Avoid ‘vocación’ per baseline caution; the exact noun is rare in Luke’s own text, but the doctrine of God’s sovereign initiative (e.g., the call of the fishermen, 5:1-11) runs throughout.
Sanctification
Approved rendering: santificación
Transliteration: hagiasmos
Doctrine: Sanctification
Rejected alternatives: purificación penitencial, vía purgativa
Original: ἁγιασμός (thematic)
Category: Sanctification
Inherited from Romans package. Thematically present in Luke through transformed living (e.g., Zacchaeus’ restitution, 19:8); grounded in the Spirit’s work and Jesus’ welcome, not accumulated religious acts.
Resurrection
Approved rendering: resurrección
Transliteration: anastasis
Doctrine: Resurrection of Christ
Rejected alternatives: reencarnación
Original: ἀνάστασις
Category: Eschatology
Inherited from Romans package. LUKE-SPECIFIC CAUTION: 2:34’s ‘πτῶσις καὶ ἀνάστασις’ (‘caída y levantamiento,’ Simeon’s prophecy) is a distinct metaphorical use and must NOT be rendered with ‘resurrección,’ which is reserved strictly for the bodily, historical resurrection doctrine (9:22, 20:27-40, 24:1-46). See doctrine_risk_registry.json, which elevates the doctrine-level risk to Critical for the bodily-resurrection occurrences specifically.
Incarnation
Approved rendering: encarnación
Transliteration: —
Doctrine: Incarnation
Original: — (theological category; cf. 1:31-35, 2:7)
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package. LUKE-SPECIFIC CAUTION: the culturally dominant Christmas nativity scene (‘la Navidad,’ ‘el pesebre,’ 2:1-20) risks narrowing this doctrine to a sentimental annual holiday event rather than the eternal Son’s permanent assumption of human nature (grounded also in 1:31-35).
Law
Approved rendering: ley
Transliteration: nomos
Doctrine: Fulfillment of Prophecy
Original: νόμος
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package. Framework of Jesus’ infancy observance (2:22-27, 2:39) and a recurring point of appeal (10:26; 16:16-17; 24:44); teach Jesus as both Law-observant and its fulfillment without implying Marcionite dismissal or legalistic continuation.
Sin
Approved rendering: pecado
Transliteration: hamartia
Doctrine: Universal Human Accountability
Rejected alternatives: falta (minimizing euphemism common in pastoral speech)
Original: ἁμαρτία
Category: Sin
Inherited from Romans package. Never soften to ‘falta’; central to Luke’s repeated pairing of ‘pecado’ with ‘perdón’ (ἄφεσις) throughout the Gospel (1:77; 3:3; 5:20-24; 7:37-49; 24:47).
Obedience Of Faith
Approved rendering: obediencia de la fe
Transliteration: hypakoē pisteōs
Doctrine: Obedience of Faith
Rejected alternatives: obediencia a los preceptos de la Iglesia, cumplimiento de mandamientos eclesiásticos
Original: ὑπακοὴ πίστεως (thematic)
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans package. Thematically present in Luke’s discipleship teaching (6:46-49, ‘por qué me llamáis Señor, Señor, y no hacéis lo que digo’; 8:21) rather than the exact Pauline phrase; apply the same ‘not ecclesial-precept compliance’ caution.
Power Of God
Approved rendering: poder de Dios
Transliteration: dynamis theou
Doctrine: Power of God for Salvation
Original: δύναμις θεοῦ
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. Present at the incarnation (1:35), throughout Jesus’ ministry (4:14, 4:36, 5:17), the sending of the Twelve (9:1), and the promised ‘poder de lo alto’ (24:49); doctrine-level risk elevated to Medium/High context-dependent per Luke registry.
Covenant
Approved rendering: pacto
Transliteration: diathēkē
Doctrine: Davidic Covenant
Rejected alternatives: contrato legal
Original: διαθήκη
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package. Standardized on ‘pacto’ per baseline (not the Catholic-tradition-favored ‘alianza’). Luke bookends the whole Gospel with covenant language, from Gabriel’s promise of David’s throne (1:72) to the ‘nuevo pacto’ at the Last Supper (22:20); requires explicit 2 Samuel 7 background.
Election
Approved rendering: elección
Transliteration: eklogē
Doctrine: Effectual Calling
Rejected alternatives: destino, suerte
Original: ἐκλέγομαι / ἐκλεκτός
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. At the Transfiguration (9:35, ἐκλελεγμένος, ‘el Escogido’), reinforces the divine Sonship declaration made at the baptism (3:22); also 18:7 (‘los elegidos’). Avoid fatalistic ‘destino’/‘suerte.‘
Holy Spirit
Approved rendering: Espíritu Santo
Transliteration: pneuma hagion
Doctrine: Sanctification
Rejected alternatives: una fuerza impersonal, un espíritu guía o ancestral
Original: πνεῦμα ἅγιον
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. Luke is the most Spirit-saturated Gospel: active from conception (1:15, 1:35, 1:41, 1:67) through the baptism (3:16, 3:22), temptation/ministry (4:1, 4:14, 4:18), teaching on prayer (11:13), and Pentecost’s promise (24:49). Doctrine-level risk elevated to Critical in the Luke doctrine registry. Must be explicitly distinguished from ancestral/guide spirits invoked in Espiritismo and Santería.
Metanoia Repentance
Approved rendering: arrepentimiento / arrepentirse
Transliteration: metanoia / metanoeō
Doctrine: Repentance and Forgiveness of Sins
Rejected alternatives: remordimiento (mere emotional regret), reducción a transacción sacramental-penitencial (confesión + penitencia asignada) como referente primario
Original: μετάνοια / μετανοέω
Category: Repentance
NEW TERM. John’s baptism is explicitly ‘de arrepentimiento para perdón de pecados’ (3:3). Must be taught as genuine, fruit-evidenced life reorientation (3:8-14; 19:8), not mere inward feeling or ritual compliance.
Hamartolos Sinner
Approved rendering: pecador
Transliteration: hamartōlos
Doctrine: Jesus’ Compassion and Table Fellowship with Sinners
Rejected alternatives: abstracción genérica ‘todos somos pecadores’ que pierde el cruce concreto de fronteras sociales
Original: ἁμαρτωλός
Category: Compassion and Table Fellowship
NEW TERM (Luke-specific application; distinct emphasis from Romans’ more general use). Must retain full social scandal (Jesus eating with named, despised outcasts: 5:27-32; 7:36-50; 15:1-2).
Ptochos Poor
Approved rendering: pobres
Transliteration: ptōchos
Doctrine: Good News to the Poor and Marginalized
Rejected alternatives: pobres de espíritu (lectura sobre-espiritualizada que importa Mateo 5:3 y borra el referente material de Lucas)
Original: πτωχός
Category: Poverty and Marginalization
NEW TERM. Central to the core passage (4:18) and the Beatitudes (6:20). Teaching must preserve the literal economic/social referent as primary, while not excluding a spiritual extension.
Makarios Blessed
Approved rendering: bienaventurados / dichosos
Transliteration: makarios
Doctrine: Kingdom Reversal: Blessing on the Poor, Woe to the Rich
Rejected alternatives: felices (reduce a un sentimiento subjetivo de felicidad, perdiendo la fuerza declarativa del pronunciamiento del reino)
Original: μακάριος
Category: Kingdom
NEW TERM. ‘Bienaventurados’ (RV tradition, primary) / ‘dichosos’ (accessible alternative). The Beatitudes (6:20-23); never a self-help affirmation — a declarative pronouncement of God’s favor.
Splagchnizomai Compassion
Approved rendering: compasión / compadecerse de
Transliteration: splagchnizomai
Doctrine: Jesus’ Visceral Compassion
Rejected alternatives: lástima (compasión distante, sin la fuerza corporal que produce acción)
Original: σπλαγχνίζομαι / σπλάγχνον
Category: Compassion
NEW TERM. Gut-level, embodied compassion moving to concrete action: the Good Samaritan (10:33), the widow of Nain (7:13), the prodigal’s father running to embrace his shamed son (15:20). Supplementary teaching gloss for the two defining texts: ‘conmovido/a hasta las entrañas.‘
Stauros Cross Discipleship
Approved rendering: cruz
Transliteration: stauros
Doctrine: The Cost of Discipleship
Rejected alternatives: metáfora genérica de ‘las dificultades de la vida’ (‘cada uno tiene su cruz’)
Original: σταυρός
Category: Discipleship
NEW TERM (verb/noun family not separately registered in Romans baseline). ‘Tome su cruz cada día’ (9:23) and ‘carga su cruz’ (14:27) are THE defining texts of the Cost of Discipleship doctrine; must retain the costly, shameful, self-denying force, resisting the common colloquial Spanish domestication of the phrase.
Aparneomai Self Denial
Approved rendering: negarse a sí mismo
Transliteration: aparneomai
Doctrine: The Cost of Discipleship
Rejected alternatives: restricción menor de sí mismo o humildad genérica
Original: ἀπαρνέομαι
Category: Discipleship
NEW TERM. Total renunciation of self-rule as the condition of following Christ; paired with cross-bearing (9:23).
Basileus King
Approved rendering: rey
Transliteration: basileus
Doctrine: The Ironic and True Kingship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: título meramente político sin fuerza mesiánica, ‘rey de mi corazón’ devocional que pierde la fuerza histórica pública del juicio y la crucifixión
Original: βασιλεύς
Category: Christology
NEW TERM. The mocking inscription ‘Rey de los judíos’ (23:38) is, in Luke’s irony, a true and climactic royal/messianic title; also 19:38 (triumphal entry), 23:2-3.
Paradeisos Paradise
Approved rendering: paraíso
Transliteration: paradeisos
Doctrine: Paradise and Immediate Assurance of Salvation
Rejected alternatives: conflación con un proceso purgatorial de varias etapas que retrasa la plena presencia con Cristo
Original: παράδεισος
Category: Salvation and Eschatology
NEW TERM. ‘Hoy estarás conmigo en el paraíso’ (23:43) — immediate, complete presence with Christ granted to the repentant thief at the moment of death; must not be read through a Catholic purgatorial lens.
Samaritanos Samaritan
Approved rendering: samaritano
Transliteration: Samaritēs
Doctrine: Unity Across Jew, Samaritan, and Gentile Boundaries
Rejected alternatives: etnónimo neutral sin la nota de trasfondo histórico de hostilidad judío-samaritana
Original: Σαμαρίτης
Category: Savior for All Nations
NEW TERM. Used by Jesus as a moral/faith exemplar (10:25-37; 17:11-19); requires a mandatory explicit teaching note on first-century Jewish-Samaritan enmity so the parable’s/episode’s shock value is not lost.
Mamonas Mammon
Approved rendering: riquezas (Mamón)
Transliteration: mamōnas
Doctrine: Kingdom Reversal: Blessing on the Poor, Woe to the Rich
Rejected alternatives: dinero (término neutral que pierde la fuerza personificada de amo rival)
Original: μαμωνᾶς
Category: Rich and Poor
NEW TERM. ‘No podéis servir a Dios y a las riquezas’ (16:13); wealth personified as a rival claimant to ultimate loyalty. RV tradition renders rather than transliterates; use the parenthetical gloss ‘(Mamón)’ at first occurrence to retain the personification.
Apollymi Lost
Approved rendering: perdido
Transliteration: apollymi / apolōlos
Doctrine: Being Lost and Being Found
Rejected alternatives: extravío o descuido menor sin peso histórico-salvífico (‘objetos perdidos’)
Original: ἀπόλλυμι / ἀπολωλός
Category: Repentance and Salvation
NEW TERM. Controlling image of Luke 15’s three parables and 19:10’s mission statement (‘a buscar y a salvar lo que se había perdido’); must carry full salvation-historical weight — spiritual estrangement from God, actively and joyfully sought and restored.
Proseuche Prayer
Approved rendering: oración / orar
Transliteration: proseuchē / proseuchomai
Doctrine: Prayer and Dependence on God
Rejected alternatives: fórmula ritual recitada sin dependencia real, orientación primaria hacia la intercesión de los santos o la Virgen en lugar de la dirección directa al Padre
Original: προσευχή / προσεύχομαι
Category: Prayer
NEW TERM (Luke’s own vocabulary; baseline’s ‘intercesión’ entry is retained separately). Intimate, dependent address to God the Father, and persistent petition (11:1-13; 18:1-8; 22:39-46).
Homologeo Confess
Approved rendering: confesar / reconocer
Transliteration: homologeō
Doctrine: Public Confession of Christ
Rejected alternatives: asentimiento privado, puramente interno, sin la dimensión pública que exige el texto
Original: ὁμολογέω
Category: Discipleship
NEW TERM. ‘Todo aquel que me confesare delante de los hombres…’ (12:8-9; cf. 9:26). Conceptually parallel to the baseline’s Romans 10:9 confession-of-Lordship consistency rule — apply the same care for verbatim consistency across occurrences.
Eniautos Kyriou Dektos
Approved rendering: el año agradable del Señor
Transliteration: eniautos Kyriou dektos
Doctrine: The Kingdom of God: Present and Future
Rejected alternatives: aplanamiento de ‘agradable/dektos’ hacia una vaga generalidad placentera, perdiendo el referente específico de liberación jubilar de Levítico 25
Original: ἐνιαυτὸς Κυρίου δεκτός
Category: Kingdom
NEW TERM. Core passage climax (4:19, citing Isaiah 61:2); no compressed single-word equivalent exists — retain the full established RV phrase and supply a mandatory Leviticus 25 Jubilee background teaching note.
Lytrosis Apolytrosis Redemption
Approved rendering: redención
Transliteration: lytrōsis / apolytrōsis
Doctrine: Redemption and Deliverance
Rejected alternatives: mejora religiosa gradual en lugar de un acto divino decisivo (riesgo vivo en la piedad católica popular centrada en el mérito acumulado y la penitencia)
Original: λύτρωσις / ἀπολύτρωσις
Category: Salvation
NEW TERM, conceptually parallel to the baseline’s imputed_righteousness/justificación cluster. Anticipated in hope at Jesus’ birth (2:38, 1:68) and consummated eschatologically (21:28); a decisive act of God, not gradual self-improvement.
Medium Risk Terms
Called
Approved rendering: llamado
Transliteration: klētos
Doctrine: Divine Calling
Rejected alternatives: convocado (bureaucratic/legal register)
Original: καλέω / κλητός
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Context-sensitive in Luke: often declarative naming/identity (1:32 ‘será llamado Hijo del Altísimo’; 1:35 ‘será llamado Santo’) rather than salvific summons — check which sense is active per occurrence.
Holy
Approved rendering: santo
Transliteration: hagios
Doctrine: Sanctification
Rejected alternatives: puro en sentido ritual
Original: ἅγιος
Category: Sanctification
Inherited from Romans package. Applied in Luke to Jesus himself (1:35 ‘lo santo,’ 4:34), to God’s name (1:49), and to the covenant (1:72); must retain full moral/relational force, not the popular-piety sense reserved for the canonized.
Adoption
Approved rendering: adopción
Transliteration: huiothesia
Doctrine: Adoption into God’s Family
Original: υἱοθεσία (thematic)
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Thematically present through the restored sonship of the prodigal (15:11-32), though the exact term υἱοθεσία is not used; apply the full-heir-status note (robe, ring, feast — not probationary status) when teaching that parable.
Peace
Approved rendering: paz
Transliteration: eirēnē
Doctrine: Peace with God
Rejected alternatives: tranquilidad emocional
Original: εἰρήνη
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Luke’s dismissal formula ‘ve en paz’ following forgiveness or healing (7:50, 8:48) specifically names relational peace with God, not mere emotional calm. Also 1:79, 2:14, 19:38, 19:42, 24:36.
Spiritual Gifts
Approved rendering: dones espirituales
Transliteration: charismata
Doctrine: Spiritual Gifts
Rejected alternatives: poderes espirituales
Original: χάρισμα (thematic; cf. δύναμις ἐξ ὕψους, 24:49)
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package. Thematically present in Luke’s promised ‘poder de lo alto’ (24:49) rather than as an exact noun; avoid framing this power as personal supernatural ability detached from the Spirit equipping the church for mission, per baseline caution regarding curanderismo/Santería.
Church
Approved rendering: iglesia
Transliteration: ekklēsia
Doctrine: Church as God’s People
Rejected alternatives: la Iglesia (institución jerárquica en sentido católico-institucional)
Original: ἐκκλησία (not frequent in the Gospel itself)
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package. Not a frequent term within the Gospel itself (more prominent in Acts); retain lowercase ‘iglesia’ for any teaching material bridging Luke’s discipleship themes to Acts.
Kingdom Of God
Approved rendering: reino de Dios
Transliteration: basileia tou theou
Doctrine: Kingdom Mission
Original: βασιλεία τοῦ θεοῦ
Category: Kingdom
Inherited from Romans package. The single most frequent theological phrase in Luke (4:43; 6:20; 8:1; 9:2; 11:20; 13:18-21; 17:20-21; 21:31, among many others); doctrine-level risk is elevated to High in doctrine_risk_registry.json given this frequency and the Latin American liberation-theology collision risk. Teach both ‘already’ (17:21) and ‘not yet’ (21:31) dimensions together.
Gentiles
Approved rendering: gentiles
Transliteration: ethnē
Doctrine: Unity of Jews and Gentiles
Rejected alternatives: paganos (pejorative in modern Spanish)
Original: ἔθνη
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package. Never render as ‘paganos.’ Object of Simeon’s prophecy (2:32) and the Great Commission’s scope (24:47); central to ‘Jesus as Savior for All Nations.‘
Glory
Approved rendering: gloria
Transliteration: doxa
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Original: δόξα
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. The angelic doxology at Christ’s birth (2:9, 2:14) and the Transfiguration (9:31-32); doctrine-level risk elevated to High in the Luke doctrine registry given the Transfiguration’s christological weight.
Providence
Approved rendering: providencia
Transliteration: pronoia
Doctrine: Providence
Rejected alternatives: destino, la suerte
Original: πρόνοια (thematic; cf. 12:6-7, 12:22-32)
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. Taught through the birds-and-lilies discourse (12:6-7, 22-32) — God’s fatherly care (‘cuánto más,’ 12:24, 28) rather than impersonal fate.
Mission
Approved rendering: misión
Transliteration: apostolē / pempō
Doctrine: Mission to the Nations
Original: ἀποστολή / πέμπω / ἀποστέλλω
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package. Jesus’ own sending by the Father and Spirit (4:18, ἀπέσταλκέν), the sending of the Twelve (9:1-6) and Seventy-Two (10:1-12), and the Great Commission (24:47-49). Luke 4:18’s ἀποστέλλω shares its root with ‘apóstol’ — teach this etymological connection explicitly.
Abba
Approved rendering: Abba
Transliteration: Abba
Doctrine: Adoption into God’s Family
Original: אַבָּא (not present in Luke’s own Greek text)
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package for cross-curriculum consistency. IMPORTANT LUKE-SPECIFIC CAUTION: Luke’s own Greek text does NOT transliterate Ἀββά; 11:2 and 22:42 read only Πάτερ. Do NOT import ‘Abba’ into Luke-specific teaching text — render plainly as ‘Padre.’ Retain this entry only for cross-referencing the Romans/Mark tradition.
Seed Of David
Approved rendering: descendencia de David
Transliteration: sperma Dauid
Doctrine: Davidic Covenant
Original: σπέρμα Δαυίδ (thematic)
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package. Established in Luke’s infancy narrative (1:32, 1:69; 2:4) though the exact phrase is more explicit in Romans 1:3; requires 2 Samuel 7 background.
Mathetes Disciple
Approved rendering: discípulo
Transliteration: mathētēs
Doctrine: The Cost of Discipleship
Rejected alternatives: admirador ocasional o identidad cultural cristiana heredada
Original: μαθητής
Category: Discipleship
NEW TERM. Introduced at the calling of the first disciples (5:11); teach as costly, life-reordering apprenticeship, not passive cultural-Christian affiliation.
Akoloutheo Follow
Approved rendering: seguir
Transliteration: akoloutheō
Doctrine: The Cost of Discipleship
Rejected alternatives: acuerdo casual o admiración a distancia sin cambio de vida
Original: ἀκολουθέω
Category: Discipleship
NEW TERM. The basic verb of discipleship’s cost throughout Luke (5:11, 27-28; 9:57-62; 18:22, 28).
Plesion Neighbor
Approved rendering: prójimo
Transliteration: plēsion
Doctrine: Unity Across Jew, Samaritan, and Gentile Boundaries
Rejected alternatives: ‘los de mi grupo’ (limitando la categoría al propio círculo étnico o religioso)
Original: πλησίον
Category: Ethics and Compassion
NEW TERM. The lawyer’s question ‘who is my neighbor?’ (10:29) is answered by radically expanding the category beyond ethnic/religious kin.
Hades Realm Of Dead
Approved rendering: Hades
Transliteration: Hadēs
Doctrine: Hades: The Intermediate State of the Dead
Rejected alternatives: conflación acrítica con ‘el infierno’ (juicio final)
Original: Ἅδης
Category: Eschatology
NEW TERM. The rich man’s torment ‘en el Hades’ (16:23); must distinguish the intermediate state prior to final judgment from popular Spanish ‘infierno’ (final hell).
Chara Joy
Approved rendering: gozo
Transliteration: chara
Doctrine: The Joy of Discipleship
Rejected alternatives: felicidad genérica (aplanamiento del gozo relacional y comunitario específico de la restauración)
Original: χαρά
Category: Discipleship
NEW TERM. Heaven’s joy over one repentant sinner (15:7, 10, 32); the Gospel’s closing note (24:52). Retain distinct from generic ‘felicidad.‘
Telones Tax Collector
Approved rendering: publicano
Transliteration: telōnēs
Doctrine: Ministry to Marginalized Social Groups
Rejected alternatives: ‘recaudador de impuestos’ únicamente, sin el término de tradición RV (riesgo de desajuste de registro con el ancla RV1960/RVA2015)
Original: τελώνης
Category: Marginalized Groups
NEW TERM. RV tradition term preferred, paired with the modern gloss ‘(recaudador de impuestos)’ at first occurrence per lesson. Recurs 3:12; 5:27-32; 7:29; 15:1; 18:10-14; 19:1-10.
Leprosos Leper
Approved rendering: leproso / lepra
Transliteration: lepros / lepra
Doctrine: Ministry to Marginalized Social Groups
Original: λεπρός / λέπρα
Category: Marginalized Groups
NEW TERM. Person with a skin disease causing ritual and social exclusion (5:12-13; 17:11-19); teach the social-exclusion dimension explicitly alongside the physical healing.
Chera Widow
Approved rendering: viuda
Transliteration: chēra
Doctrine: Ministry to Marginalized Social Groups
Original: χήρα
Category: Marginalized Groups
NEW TERM. Paradigmatic vulnerable/marginalized figure (2:37, Anna; 7:12; 18:1-8; 21:1-4); recurs as an exemplar of both vulnerability and persistent faith/prayer.
Anaperos Cholos Disabled
Approved rendering: lisiado / cojo
Transliteration: anapēros / chōlos
Doctrine: Ministry to Marginalized Social Groups
Original: ἀνάπηρος / χωλός
Category: Marginalized Groups
NEW TERM. Named in the banquet-invitation list (14:13, 21); must retain the literal, concrete social referents — the passage’s force is disrupting normal social seating/invitation hierarchies.
Hekatontarches Centurion
Approved rendering: centurión
Transliteration: hekatontarchēs
Doctrine: Jesus as Savior for All Nations
Original: ἑκατοντάρχης
Category: Savior for All Nations
NEW TERM. Gentile military officer, exemplar of faith (7:1-10) and of righteous recognition at the cross (23:47); teach the Gentile-inclusion significance explicitly at both occurrences.
Pharisaios Pharisee
Approved rendering: fariseo
Transliteration: Pharisaios
Doctrine: Religious Groups (contextual)
Rejected alternatives: caricatura uniforme de todos los fariseos, sin la matización propia del texto (p. ej. el fariseo anfitrión de 7:36-50)
Original: Φαρισαῖος
Category: Religious Groups
NEW TERM. Recurring dialogue partner/antagonist (5:17—6:11; 7:36-50; 11:37-44; 15:1-2; 18:9-14); avoid teaching material that caricatures all Pharisees uniformly.
Hypokrisis Hypocrisy
Approved rendering: hipocresía
Transliteration: hypokrisis
Doctrine: Ethics (contextual)
Original: ὑποκρισία
Category: Ethics
NEW TERM. External religious performance without inward reality (11:37-44; 12:1-2); caution against external religiosity applies across traditions and should not be taught as a critique of any one specific denomination.
Zoe Aionios Eternal Life
Approved rendering: vida eterna
Transliteration: zōē aiōnios
Doctrine: Salvation (contextual)
Original: ζωὴ αἰώνιος
Category: Salvation
NEW TERM. Life in the age to come, received now by faith (10:25; 18:18, 30).
Low Risk Terms
Apostle
Approved rendering: apóstol
Transliteration: apostolos
Doctrine: Apostleship
Original: ἀπόστολος
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package. Established, unambiguous term; the title Jesus gives the Twelve (6:13); also 9:10, 11:49, 17:5, 22:14.
Thanksgiving
Approved rendering: acción de gracias
Transliteration: eucharistia
Doctrine: Thanksgiving
Original: εὐχαριστέω
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans package. Standard term. Reinforced in Luke by the returning Samaritan leper’s exemplary gratitude (17:16, εὐχαριστέω) and 18:11.
Fellowship
Approved rendering: compañerismo
Transliteration: koinōnia
Doctrine: Christian Fellowship
Rejected alternatives: comunión de los santos (specific Catholic liturgical formula)
Original: κοινωνία (thematic; Luke’s vocabulary is social/table-sharing rather than this exact noun)
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package. Luke’s vocabulary is concrete table-fellowship scenes (5:29; 15:1-2; 19:1-10) rather than the abstract noun; do not substitute the bare term for Luke’s technical ‘table fellowship’ concept — see new term note below.
Prophet
Approved rendering: profeta
Transliteration: prophētēs
Doctrine: Inspiration of Scripture
Rejected alternatives: vidente, adivino
Original: προφήτης
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package. Very frequent in Luke (1:76; 4:17, 4:24; 7:16, 7:26, 7:39; 9:8, 9:19; 13:33-34; 16:16, 16:29-31; 24:19, 24:25, 24:27); Luke’s repeated identification of Jesus as (more than) a prophet builds toward the fuller christological titles.
Prophecy
Approved rendering: profecía
Transliteration: prophēteia
Doctrine: Fulfillment of Prophecy
Rejected alternatives: horóscopo, predicción esotérica
Original: προφητεία (thematic, via πληρόω/γραφή language)
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package. Thematically present throughout Luke’s fulfillment language (4:21; 24:25-27, 44-46).
David
Approved rendering: David
Transliteration: Dawid
Doctrine: Davidic Covenant
Original: דָּוִד
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package. Named repeatedly in the infancy narrative and genealogy (1:27, 1:32, 1:69; 2:4, 2:11; 3:31) and in the Psalm 110 debate (20:41-44).
Israel
Approved rendering: Israel
Transliteration: Yisra’el
Doctrine: Unity of Jews and Gentiles
Original: יִשְׂרָאֵל
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package. Object of hoped-for consolation and redemption (1:16, 1:54, 1:68, 1:80; 2:25, 2:32, 2:34; 24:21); be aware of contemporary political sensitivity around the name.
Exhort
Approved rendering: exhortar
Transliteration: parakaleō
Doctrine: Mutual Edification
Original: παρακαλέω
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans package. Not a frequent exact term in Luke’s Gospel itself; standard rendering if used in teaching material derived from Luke’s discourses.
Sunagoge Synagogue
Approved rendering: sinagoga
Transliteration: synagōgē
Doctrine: Sabbath Observance and Its Fulfillment in Christ
Original: συναγωγή
Category: Setting and Institution
NEW TERM. Standard, stable loanword across all Spanish Bible traditions; the core passage’s setting (4:16).
Sabbaton Sabbath
Approved rendering: sábado
Transliteration: sabbaton
Doctrine: Sabbath Observance and Its Fulfillment in Christ
Original: σάββατον
Category: Setting and Institution
NEW TERM. Recurs across healing controversies (4:16; 6:1-11; 13:10-17; 14:1-6); standard rendering consistent with Reina-Valera tradition.
Referenced passages