Core Glossary
Core Glossary — 2 John
English → Spanish | Load-bearing terms, full-book coverage (2 John 1:1–13)
Purpose
This glossary records every load-bearing theological and culturally sensitive term identified in 07_semantic_analysis.md, across the entirety of 2 John (a single, 13-verse chapter). It extends — and never contradicts — the baseline Romans translation_memory.json. Terms already present in the baseline are marked “Baseline reuse” and their recorded Spanish rendering is repeated here unchanged, per the hard rule against re-deciding established terms. Terms not present in the baseline are marked “NEW — 2 John” and are proposed for addition to the shared translation memory before Phase 2 begins.
Risk tiers (Critical/High/Medium/Low) and review routing follow the same definitions as the baseline doctrine_risk_registry.json:
- Critical — Human theologian review required for every occurrence.
- High — Human theologian review required.
- Medium — Native speaker review recommended.
- Low — Automated review sufficient.
Glossary Table
| # | English Term | Greek / Transliteration | Spanish Rendering | Doctrine Category | Risk | Status | Verse Refs | Key Risk Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Truth | ἀλήθεια / alētheia | verdad | Walking in Truth and Love | High | NEW — 2 John | 1:1,2,3,4 | Must not collapse into subjectivist “mi verdad” or be reduced to mere sincerity/honesty; anchor to objective apostolic content about Christ, especially v.7’s incarnation confession. Risk of being filtered through Magisterium-mediated authority framing in Catholic-majority contexts rather than Scripture’s own testimony. |
| 2 | Love | ἀγάπη / agapē | amor | Walking in Truth and Love | High | NEW — 2 John | 1:1,3,5,6 | Reject “caridad” (narrowed in modern Spanish to charitable almsgiving). Must teach the willed, covenantal, self-giving sense; generic “amor” alone does not convey this without explicit teaching. |
| 3 | Commandment | ἐντολή / entolē | mandamiento | Walking in Truth and Love | High | NEW — 2 John | 1:4,5,6 | Collision risk with the Mosaic Decálogo (“los mandamientos”) in popular catechesis; must be taught as the singular apostolic love-command, not a return to Torah legalism, and coordinated with baseline grace/works cautions. |
| 4 | Father | πατήρ / patēr | Padre | Adoption into God’s Family / Sonship of Christ | Critical | Baseline reuse | 1:3,4,9 | Exact reuse of baseline father entry; no new decision required. |
| 5 | Son (of Christ) | υἱός / huios | el Hijo | Sonship of Christ | Critical | Baseline extension | 1:3,9 | Extends baseline son_of_god (Hijo de Dios, Critical). Bare “el Hijo” refers exclusively to Christ’s unique, eternal Sonship — never conflate with the adoptive “hijos de Dios” applied to believers (baseline adoption). |
| 6 | Jesus | Ἰησοῦς / Iēsous | Jesús | Christology | Critical | Baseline reuse | 1:3,7 | Exact reuse of baseline jesus entry. |
| 7 | Christ | Χριστός / Christos | Cristo | Christology / Messianic Promise | Critical | Baseline-established convention | 1:3,7,9 | Established via baseline’s proper-name transliteration standard; treated as Critical given direct ties to baseline messiah and son_of_god doctrines. |
| 8 | Grace | χάρις / charis | gracia | Grace | High | Baseline reuse | 1:3 | Exact reuse of baseline grace entry; must not be read as infused/merit-cooperated. |
| 9 | Mercy | ἔλεος / eleos | misericordia | Grace (adjacent) | Medium | NEW — 2 John | 1:3 | Standard rendering, but carries strong Catholic devotional association (Divine Mercy devotion, Jubileo de la Misericordia) that may import an unrelated devotional framework; anchor to God’s covenantal compassion in this greeting only. |
| 10 | Peace | εἰρήνη / eirēnē | paz | Peace with God | Medium | Baseline reuse | 1:3 | Exact reuse of baseline peace entry. |
| 11 | God | θεός / theos | Dios | Deity of Christ | Critical | Baseline reuse | 1:3,9 | Exact reuse of baseline god entry. |
| 12 | World | κόσμος / kosmos | mundo | Warning against Deceivers | Medium | NEW — 2 John | 1:7 | Must be taught with Johannine nuance (world-system opposed to God), not merely the physical planet or humanity in a neutral sense. |
| 13 | Deceiver(s) | πλάνος / planos | engañador(es) | Warning against Deceivers | High | NEW — 2 John | 1:7 | Must retain specifically theological/doctrinal sense (corrupter of true teaching about Christ), not merely secular “con artist” (estafador). |
| 14 | Confess | ὁμολογέω / homologeō | confesar | Warning against Deceivers / parallels Lordship of Christ | Critical | NEW — 2 John | 1:7 | CRITICAL COLLISION: in Catholic-majority Spanish usage, “confesar” is overwhelmingly associated with the sacrament of Confession/Penance, not public doctrinal affirmation. Every occurrence requires an explicit teaching note distinguishing this from sacramental confession of sin, paralleling the baseline’s Romans 10:9 confession of Lordship. |
| 15 | Incarnation / “coming in the flesh” | ἐρχόμενον ἐν σαρκί | venido en carne (tied to encarnación) | Warning against Deceivers Denying the Incarnation | Critical | Baseline extension | 1:7 | Extends baseline incarnation (encarnación, High in Romans; elevated to Critical here since denial of this exact claim defines “antichrist” in this letter). Must affirm real, permanent, physical human nature assumed by the eternal Son. |
| 16 | Flesh | σάρξ / sarx | carne | Warning against Deceivers Denying the Incarnation | Medium-High | NEW — 2 John | 1:7 | Neutral, anti-docetic sense (real human nature) — must be distinguished from Paul’s negative “sinful flesh” usage found elsewhere; do not import Romans’ flesh-vs-Spirit moral dualism into this verse. |
| 17 | Antichrist | ἀντίχριστος / antichristos | anticristo | Warning against Deceivers Denying the Incarnation | Critical | NEW — 2 John | 1:7 | Popular culture (prophecy fiction/film) frames “el Anticristo” as a single future tyrant; John’s usage is present, plural, and tied specifically to denial of the incarnation. Teaching notes must correct the popular singular-future-figure assumption. |
| 18 | Reward | μισθός / misthos | recompensa | Perseverance in the Teaching of Christ | Medium-High | NEW — 2 John | 1:8 | Must be coordinated with baseline grace cautions — a reward for faithful perseverance in ministry, never salvation earned by merit; risk of drifting toward Tridentine merit-cooperation framing if untaught. |
| 19 | Goes ahead / overreaches (deviates) | προάγω / proagō | todo el que se extravía | Perseverance in the Teaching of Christ | High | NEW — 2 John | 1:9 | Literal “goes ahead/advances” renderings risk sounding like a commendation of spiritual progress; must use RV1960’s negative “se extravía” (deviates/strays) to preserve the condemnatory sense. |
| 20 | Abide / Remain | μένω / menō | permanecer | Perseverance in the Teaching of Christ | High | NEW — 2 John | 1:2,9 (×2) | Must convey active, continuing perseverance, not passive location (“quedarse”). Use the same Spanish verb consistently at every occurrence for cross-verse doctrinal coherence. |
| 21 | Teaching / Doctrine | διδαχή / didachē | doctrina | Perseverance in the Teaching of Christ | High | NEW — 2 John | 1:9,10 | Risk of being heard as institutional Church doctrine/catechism (Magisterio) rather than the specific apostolic testimony about Christ; teaching notes must anchor referent to Scripture’s own apostolic content. |
| 22 | Walk (conduct) | περιπατέω / peripateō | andar | Walking in Truth and Love | Medium | NEW — 2 John | 1:4,6 | Standard RV1960/RVA2015 idiom for habitual conduct; risk that colloquial Spanish hears “andar” as aimless wandering rather than a fixed biblical idiom for faithful lifestyle. |
| 23 | Receive into house (Hospitality) | λαμβάνω εἰς οἰκίαν | recibir en casa | Hospitality and Doctrinal Discernment | Medium-High | NEW — 2 John | 1:10 | Ancient hospitality functioned as formal ministry endorsement; must not be generalized into a command for cold treatment of strangers/those in need, which would contradict broader biblical hospitality ethics. |
| 24 | House / household | οἰκία / oikia | casa | Hospitality and Doctrinal Discernment | Low-Medium | NEW — 2 John | 1:10 | Standard term; risk only in combination with #23 above. |
| 25 | Greeting formula (“say Greetings”) | χαίρειν (infinitive as formula) | dar la bienvenida / saludar (formalmente) | Hospitality and Doctrinal Discernment | Medium | NEW — 2 John | 1:10,11 | A formal epistolary blessing of welcome/endorsement, not a casual “hello”; must be distinguished in teaching notes from the ordinary greeting verb ἀσπάζομαι in v.13. |
| 26 | Share / Participate (in evil works) | κοινωνέω / koinoneō | participar (en) | Hospitality and Doctrinal Discernment | High | NEW — 2 John | 1:11 | Same word-family as baseline fellowship (κοινωνία → compañerismo, Low, positive sense) but used here negatively (complicity in evil works); must be kept doctrinally distinct from the positive fellowship concept elsewhere in the curriculum. |
| 27 | Evil works | ἔργα πονηρά | obras malas | Hospitality and Doctrinal Discernment | Low-Medium | NEW — 2 John | 1:11 | Retain moral gravity; do not soften to “errores” (mere mistakes). |
| 28 | Elder | πρεσβύτερος / presbyteros | anciano | (Authorial office; background) | Low | NEW — 2 John | 1:1 | Standard leadership title; ambiguity with “elderly person” exists in the Greek itself, not translation-introduced. |
| 29 | Elect / Chosen (adjectival) | ἐκλεκτή / eklektē | elegida | (Adjacent to Election doctrine) | Medium | NEW — 2 John | 1:1,13 | Distinct from baseline election doctrine noun (elección, High, Romans 9–11’s sovereign-choice argument); here a simple descriptive adjective for an individual/congregation — avoid over-theologizing into a full election-doctrine discussion. |
| 30 | Lady (addressee) | κυρία / kyria | señora | (Epistolary address; background) | Medium | NEW — 2 John | 1:1,5 | COLLISION ALERT: shares root with κύριος/Señor (baseline lord, Critical). Must never allow visual/contextual confusion between “la señora” (human addressee) and “el Señor” (Christ’s exclusive lordship). Preserve scholarly ambiguity (literal woman vs. personified church) rather than resolving it. |
| 31 | Children | τέκνα / tekna | hijos | (Relational; background) | Low | NEW — 2 John | 1:1,4,13 | Standard; no gender-inclusive innovation per baseline gender-language rule. |
| 32 | Sister | ἀδελφή / adelphē | hermana | (Relational; background) | Low | NEW — 2 John | 1:13 | Standard term. |
| 33 | Know (relational/experiential) | γινώσκω / ginōskō | conocer | Walking in Truth and Love (adjacent) | Low-Medium | NEW — 2 John | 1:1 | Should carry relational/experiential nuance, not mere intellectual awareness. |
| 34 | Beginning | ἀρχή / archē | principio | Walking in Truth and Love (adjacent) | Low | NEW — 2 John | 1:5,6 | Standard; signals continuity of apostolic teaching, not innovation. |
| 35 | New | καινός / kainos | nuevo | Walking in Truth and Love (adjacent) | Low | NEW — 2 John | 1:5 | Standard; the letter’s rhetorical point (not truly new) must be preserved by surrounding clauses. |
| 36 | One another | ἀλλήλους / allēlous | unos a otros | Walking in Truth and Love (adjacent) | Low | NEW — 2 John | 1:5 | Standard reciprocal pronoun. |
| 37 | Joy / Rejoice | χαίρω, χαρά / chairō, chara | gozo / gozarse (alegrarse) | (Tone; background) | Low | NEW — 2 John | 1:4,12 | Use the same Spanish root consistently across both occurrences. |
| 38 | Face to face | στόμα πρὸς στόμα | cara a cara | (Idiom; background) | Low-Medium | NEW — 2 John | 1:12 | REJECT literal “boca a boca” — in modern Spanish this means CPR or word-of-mouth publicity, not personal presence. Use natural equivalent “cara a cara” or “en persona.” |
| 39 | Watch yourselves | βλέπετε ἑαυτούς | cuídense / tengan cuidado | Perseverance in the Teaching of Christ (adjacent) | Low-Medium | NEW — 2 John | 1:8 | RV1960’s archaic “Mirad por vosotros mismos” reserved for direct Scripture quotation only, per baseline register rule; use ustedes-register form in teaching materials. |
| 40 | Paper and ink | χάρτης, μέλαν | papel y tinta | (Material culture; background) | Low | NEW — 2 John | 1:12 | Purely descriptive; no doctrinal risk. Optional historical footnote on ancient writing materials. |
| 41 | Greet (ordinary) | ἀσπάζομαι / aspazomai | saludan | (Epistolary closing; background) | Low | NEW — 2 John | 1:13 | Distinct Greek verb from the formal χαίρειν greeting-formula of vv.10-11; Spanish “saludar” flattens this distinction — clarify in teaching notes that this occurrence is low-stakes and unrelated to the hospitality/endorsement question. |
Cross-Reference: Baseline Terms Reused Exactly (No New Decision)
The following terms occur in 2 John and MUST use the exact baseline Romans rendering with no modification, per the hard rule against re-deciding established terms:
| Term | Spanish (baseline) | Risk (baseline) |
|---|---|---|
| Father | Padre | Critical |
| Son of God (doctrine family) | Hijo de Dios / el Hijo | Critical |
| Jesus | Jesús | Critical |
| Grace | gracia | High |
| Peace | paz | Medium |
| God | Dios | Critical |
| Fellowship (κοινωνία, positive noun sense only) | compañerismo | Low |
Note on Fellowship: the baseline fellowship entry (compañerismo, κοινωνία) covers the POSITIVE noun usage elsewhere in the Romans curriculum. In 2 John 1:11, the related verb κοινωνέω is used in a NEGATIVE sense (“shares in his evil works”); this curriculum introduces “participar (en)” as a distinct NEW entry (#26 above) for that negative verbal usage, so as not to contaminate the baseline’s positive “compañerismo” concept.
Doctrine-to-Term Cross-Index
| Curriculum Doctrine | Terms (# from table above) |
|---|---|
| Walking in Truth and Love | 1, 2, 3, 4, 22, 33, 34, 35, 36 |
| Warning against Deceivers Denying the Incarnation | 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17 |
| Hospitality and Doctrinal Discernment | 23, 24, 25, 26, 27 |
| Perseverance in the Teaching of Christ | 5, 18, 19, 20, 21, 39 |
| Background/relational/epistolary (all chapters reviewed, no additional doctrine assigned) | 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 37, 38, 40, 41 |
Full-Book Coverage Statement
2 John consists of a single chapter (1:1–13). Every verse has been reviewed for load-bearing theological and culturally sensitive vocabulary. All 41 identified terms above, together with the 7 baseline cross-reference terms, constitute complete coverage of the book. No chapters remain unreviewed.
Critical Risk Terms
Father
Approved rendering: Padre
Transliteration: patēr
Doctrine: Adoption into God’s Family / Sonship of Christ
Original: πατήρ
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package (baseline ‘father’ entry, unchanged). God as personal Father; standard and unambiguous. In 2 John, the source and authority behind the love-commandment (1:4) and named jointly with the Son as source of grace, mercy, and peace (1:3); 1:9 states that whoever abides in Christ’s teaching ‘has both the Father and the Son’ — possessing one is inseparable from possessing the other.
Jesus
Approved rendering: Jesús
Transliteration: Iēsous
Doctrine: Christology
Original: Ἰησοῦς
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package (baseline ‘jesus’ entry, unchanged). Universally standard across all Spanish Bible traditions; no variant-form risk. Occurs in 2 John 1:3 and 1:7.
God
Approved rendering: Dios
Transliteration: theos
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Original: θεός
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package (baseline ‘god’ entry, unchanged). Universally standard; no rival deity-name confusion in mainstream Hispanic Christian usage. Occurs in 2 John 1:3 and 1:9 (‘no tiene a Dios’).
Lord
Approved rendering: Señor
Transliteration: kyrios
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: Señor mío (devotional-only, without lordship claim over the whole of life)
Inherited from Romans package (baseline ‘lord’ entry, unchanged). Does not occur as a standalone address in 2 John’s text, but is retained in this book’s translation memory because 2 John 1:1 and 1:5’s address κυρία (‘señora’) shares its Greek root with κύριος. Translators and reviewers must never allow visual, phonetic, or contextual confusion between ‘la señora’ (the letter’s human addressee) and ‘el Señor’ (Christ’s exclusive, supreme lordship).
Son Of God
Approved rendering: Hijo de Dios / el Hijo
Transliteration: huios theou / ho huios
Doctrine: Sonship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: hijo de Dios en el sentido genérico aplicado a todo creyente, un hijo divino más entre otros
Original: υἱὸς θεοῦ / ὁ υἱός
Category: Christology
BASELINE EXTENSION (not a verbatim copy): the underlying baseline ‘son_of_god’ doctrine and risk tier are unchanged, but 2 John 1:9 introduces the bare article form ‘el Hijo,’ referring exclusively to Christ’s unique, eternal, co-equal Sonship. 2 John 1:3 also pairs this with ‘el Padre’ explicitly (‘Jesucristo, el Hijo del Padre’). Must always be capitalized and never conflated with the adoptive ‘hijos de Dios’ language applied to believers generally (baseline Romans 8 ‘adoption’ doctrine).
Incarnation
Approved rendering: encarnación (Jesucristo venido en carne)
Transliteration: ho logos sarx egeneto / Iēsoun Christon erchomenon en sarki
Doctrine: Warning against Deceivers Denying the Incarnation
Original: Ἰησοῦν Χριστὸν ἐρχόμενον ἐν σαρκί
Category: Christology
BASELINE EXTENSION: risk level ELEVATED from High (Romans) to Critical for this book. 2 John 1:7 renders the confession clause as the verb-phrase ‘Jesucristo venido en carne,’ with ‘la encarnación’ retained as the doctrinal label in teaching notes; a single-word noun rendering alone is insufficient because the text sets up a binary confess/deny test. Denial of this exact claim IS the letter’s own definition of ‘the deceiver and the antichrist.’ Must affirm real, permanent, physical human nature assumed by the eternal Son — not a temporary or repeatable appearance, and not merely a Christmas-nativity association, which is the baseline’s noted catechetical narrowing risk, now categorically higher-stakes.
Christ
Approved rendering: Cristo
Transliteration: Christos
Doctrine: Christology / Messianic Promise
Original: Χριστός
Category: Christology
Established via the baseline’s proper-name transliteration standard (Christ = Cristo); not itself a standalone baseline TM key but the settled convention consistent with the baseline’s ‘jesus’ and ‘messiah’ entries. Treated as Critical for this book because 2 John 1:7 makes confession or denial of ‘Jesus Christ come in the flesh’ the defining line between true faith and antichrist teaching.
Confess
Approved rendering: confesar
Transliteration: homologeō
Doctrine: Warning against Deceivers Denying the Incarnation
Rejected alternatives: confesar los pecados (sacramental Confession/Penance sense — explicitly excluded as the referent)
Original: ὁμολογέω
Category: Christology
NEW — 2 John. Occurs 1:7 (negated: μὴ ὁμολογοῦντες). CRITICAL COLLISION: in Catholic-majority Spanish usage ‘confesar’ overwhelmingly denotes the sacrament of Confession/Penance. Every occurrence requires an explicit teaching note that here it means public doctrinal affirmation of who Jesus Christ is, paralleling the baseline’s Romans 10:9 ‘Jesús es el Señor’ salvation confession — not sacramental confession of sin.
Antichrist
Approved rendering: anticristo
Transliteration: antichristos
Doctrine: Warning against Deceivers Denying the Incarnation
Rejected alternatives: una única figura tiránica futura (an exclusively future-tyrant reading, rejecting John’s present, plural, already-active category)
Original: ἀντίχριστος
Category: Christology
NEW — 2 John. Occurs 1:7. Contemporary Spanish-language popular culture (dispensationalist prophecy literature and film) has popularized ‘el Anticristo’ almost exclusively as one future end-times tyrant. Teaching notes must explicitly correct this: John’s usage is present, plural, and already active among the readers, defined strictly by denial of the incarnation.
High Risk Terms
Grace
Approved rendering: gracia
Transliteration: charis
Doctrine: Grace
Rejected alternatives: favor merecido, recompensa por buenas obras
Original: χάρις
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package (baseline ‘grace’ entry, unchanged). Must not be read as infused and increased through merit or sacramental cooperation. In 2 John 1:3, named first in the letter’s unique tripartite greeting (grace, mercy, peace) — a fuller triad than Paul’s usual grace-and-peace pairing.
Truth
Approved rendering: verdad
Transliteration: alētheia
Doctrine: Truth as the Foundation of Christian Life / Walking in Truth and Love
Rejected alternatives: mi verdad (colloquial subjectivist personal-truth framing), honestidad (flattens to personal sincerity as a virtue), la Verdad mediada exclusivamente por la autoridad del Magisterio
Original: ἀλήθεια
Category: Faith
NEW — 2 John. Occurs 1:1,2,3,4. The objective content of the apostolic gospel concerning Christ’s person and work, including his incarnation (v.7); not subjective conviction or sincerity. Every occurrence must be anchored explicitly to ‘la verdad acerca de Cristo,’ never left as an abstract, self-referential noun.
Love
Approved rendering: amor
Transliteration: agapē
Doctrine: Walking in Truth and Love / The Commandment to Love One Another
Rejected alternatives: caridad (narrowed in contemporary Spanish to charitable almsgiving/donations)
Original: ἀγάπη
Category: Love
NEW — 2 John. Occurs 1:1,3,5,6. Covenantal, self-giving, willed love flowing from and constituting obedience to God’s commandment. ‘Amor’ is Spanish’s general-purpose word for all forms of love and lacks agapē’s built-in specificity; the theological weight must be taught explicitly, never assumed from the bare word.
Commandment
Approved rendering: mandamiento
Transliteration: entolē
Doctrine: The Commandment to Love One Another
Rejected alternatives: precepto eclesiástico (obscures the singular apostolic love-command with institutional canon-law framing)
Original: ἐντολή
Category: Covenant
NEW — 2 John. Occurs 1:4,5,6. Following RV1960/RVA2015 convention. Strong collision risk with ‘los mandamientos’ (Mosaic Decálogo) from popular catechesis; must be taught as the singular apostolic love-command received ‘from the beginning,’ not a return to Torah observance, and coordinated with the baseline’s grace-versus-works distinction.
Deceiver
Approved rendering: engañador(es)
Transliteration: planos
Doctrine: Warning against Deceivers Denying the Incarnation
Rejected alternatives: estafador (secular con-artist/financial-fraud sense)
Original: πλάνος
Category: Warning against Deceivers
NEW — 2 John. Occurs 1:7. A false teacher corrupting the true confession of Christ’s incarnation. Must retain the specifically theological/doctrinal sense in every occurrence, not the everyday sense of a swindler.
Flesh
Approved rendering: carne
Transliteration: sarx
Doctrine: Warning against Deceivers Denying the Incarnation
Original: σάρξ
Category: Christology
NEW — 2 John. Occurs 1:7. Real physical human nature, used in the neutral, anti-docetic sense affirming Christ’s genuine bodily humanity — with NO negative moral connotation. Must be explicitly distinguished from Pauline ‘flesh vs. Spirit’ sinful-nature usage elsewhere in this Language Package (Romans), so learners moving between curricula do not misapply that moral dualism to this verse. Risk escalated to High (from the core glossary’s provisional ‘Medium-High’) because it is load-bearing for the Critical incarnation doctrine.
Reward
Approved rendering: recompensa completa
Transliteration: misthon plērē
Doctrine: Reward for Faithful Ministry
Rejected alternatives: mérito que asegura la salvación (Tridentine merit-earns-salvation framing, explicitly rejected)
Original: μισθὸν πλήρη
Category: Perseverance
NEW — 2 John. Occurs 1:8. A reward for faithful perseverance and ministry AFTER salvation, never salvation itself earned by merit. Must be coordinated with the baseline’s grace/justification cautions (Critical/High); a clarifying teaching note is required at every occurrence.
Goes Ahead Deviates
Approved rendering: el que se extravía
Transliteration: proagōn
Doctrine: Perseverance in the Teaching of Christ
Rejected alternatives: el que va adelante / avanza (reads as commendation of spiritual progress, inverting the verse’s warning)
Original: προάγων
Category: Perseverance
NEW — 2 John. Occurs 1:9. Standardize on RV1960’s negative ‘se extravía’ (deviates, strays). A literal cognate rendering would be dangerously ambiguous, sounding like praise of progress rather than a warning against doctrinal overreach.
Abide Remain
Approved rendering: permanecer
Transliteration: menō
Doctrine: Perseverance in the Teaching of Christ
Rejected alternatives: quedarse / estar (passive location rather than active, continuing perseverance)
Original: μένω
Category: Perseverance
NEW — 2 John. Occurs 1:2, 1:9 (twice). Must convey active, continuing perseverance and fidelity. Use the SAME Spanish verb at every occurrence for cross-verse doctrinal coherence, per the baseline’s cross-document consistency rule.
Teaching Doctrine
Approved rendering: doctrina
Transliteration: didachē
Doctrine: Perseverance in the Teaching of Christ
Rejected alternatives: doctrina eclesiástica general mediada por el Magisterio, sin anclaje directo a la enseñanza apostólica de las Escrituras
Original: διδαχή
Category: Perseverance
NEW — 2 John. Occurs 1:9,10. Following RV1960’s ‘la doctrina de Cristo.’ Must be anchored explicitly to the apostolic testimony about who Christ is and what he accomplished — not institutional Church doctrine/catechism in general.
Receive Into House
Approved rendering: recibir en casa
Transliteration: lambanete eis oikian
Doctrine: Hospitality and Doctrinal Discernment
Rejected alternatives: negar la hospitalidad en general a cualquier extraño o necesitado (over-generalization contradicting broader biblical hospitality ethics, e.g. baseline Romans 12:13)
Original: λαμβάνετε εἰς οἰκίαν
Category: Hospitality
NEW — 2 John. Occurs 1:10. Ancient hospitality functioned as formal, material ministry endorsement, not mere social courtesy. Must not be generalized into unwelcoming behavior toward strangers or the needy generally; risk escalated to High given the strength of Hispanic cultural hospitality norms documented in comparative theology analysis.
Share Participate
Approved rendering: participar (en)
Transliteration: koinōneō
Doctrine: Complicity in False Teaching
Rejected alternatives: tener compañerismo con (bleeds the baseline’s positive fellowship noun sense into this negative complicity warning)
Original: κοινωνέω
Category: Hospitality
NEW — 2 John. Occurs 1:11. Same word-family as the baseline ‘fellowship’ entry (κοινωνία → compañerismo, Low, positive), but used here in a strictly negative sense — moral complicity in a false teacher’s evil works. Must be kept doctrinally and lexically distinct from the positive fellowship concept elsewhere in this Language Package.
Medium Risk Terms
Peace
Approved rendering: paz
Transliteration: eirēnē
Doctrine: Peace with God
Rejected alternatives: tranquilidad emocional
Original: εἰρήνη
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package (baseline ‘peace’ entry, unchanged). In 2 John 1:3, named third in the tripartite greeting, from God the Father and Jesus Christ the Son of the Father; relational, covenantal peace, not merely emotional calm.
Mercy
Approved rendering: misericordia
Transliteration: eleos
Doctrine: The Trinitarian Greeting of Grace, Mercy, and Peace
Original: ἔλεος
Category: Salvation
NEW — 2 John. Occurs 1:3. God’s compassionate, covenant-faithful kindness, part of the tripartite greeting unique to 2 John (and 1-2 Timothy). Correct standard rendering; risk is catechetical, not lexical — must be anchored strictly to God’s covenantal compassion named here, not to the contemporary Divine Mercy devotional apparatus (Chaplet of Divine Mercy, Jubileo de la Misericordia).
World
Approved rendering: mundo
Transliteration: kosmos
Doctrine: Warning against Deceivers Denying the Incarnation
Original: κόσμος
Category: Warning against Deceivers
NEW — 2 John. Occurs 1:7. The sphere of human society into which deceivers have gone out; Johannine usage frequently connotes a world-system organized in opposition to God, not merely the physical planet or people in general — must be taught with this nuance.
Walk
Approved rendering: andar
Transliteration: peripateō
Doctrine: Walking in Truth and Love
Rejected alternatives: andar sin rumbo / vagar (aimless-wandering misreading)
Original: περιπατέω
Category: Love
NEW — 2 John. Occurs 1:4,6. Standard RV1960/RVA2015 idiom for habitual, faithful conduct. Teach explicitly as a fixed biblical idiom, the opposite of aimlessness.
Greeting Formula
Approved rendering: dar la bienvenida
Transliteration: chairein
Doctrine: Hospitality and Doctrinal Discernment
Rejected alternatives: no le saludes (flat literal rendering sounding like personal rudeness/silent treatment rather than withheld formal endorsement)
Original: χαίρειν
Category: Hospitality
NEW — 2 John. Occurs 1:10,11. A conventional formal epistolary blessing of welcome/endorsement extended to visiting teachers, distinct from the ordinary greeting verb ἀσπάζομαι of 1:13 (see ‘greet_ordinary’).
Evil Works
Approved rendering: obras malas
Transliteration: erga ponēra
Doctrine: Complicity in False Teaching
Rejected alternatives: errores (softening euphemism that understates moral gravity)
Original: ἔργα πονηρά
Category: Hospitality
NEW — 2 John. Occurs 1:11. False teaching about Christ’s incarnation is characterized morally as wickedness, not mere intellectual error; retain the moral gravity in every rendering.
Elect Chosen
Approved rendering: elegida
Transliteration: eklektē
Doctrine: The Elect Lady and Her Children
Rejected alternatives: tratar como equivalente pleno de ‘elección’ (over-theologizes a simple epistolary address into the full Romans 9-11 sovereign-choice argument)
Original: ἐκλεκτή
Category: Church
NEW — 2 John. Occurs 1:1,13. A descriptive adjective for the addressee and her sister; distinct from the baseline’s developed ‘election’ doctrine noun (elección, High, Romans 9-11), though sharing the same word family.
Lady
Approved rendering: señora
Transliteration: kyria
Doctrine: The Elect Lady and Her Children
Rejected alternatives: kyria transliterada sin traducir (needless foreignizing loanword with no devotional payoff, unlike ‘Abba’)
Original: κυρία
Category: Church
NEW — 2 John. Occurs 1:1,5. COLLISION ALERT: shares its Greek root with κύριος/Señor (baseline ‘lord,’ Critical). Must never create visual/contextual confusion between the human addressee and Christ’s exclusive lordship. Preserve the scholarly ambiguity (literal woman vs. personified congregation) in explanatory notes rather than resolving it in the translation.
Know
Approved rendering: conocer
Transliteration: ginōskō (egnōkotes)
Doctrine: Truth as the Foundation of Christian Life
Rejected alternatives: saber (bare intellectual awareness, lacking the relational/experiential nuance of Johannine ginōskō)
Original: γινώσκω (ἐγνωκότες)
Category: Faith
NEW — 2 John. Occurs 1:1. Relational, experiential knowing of the truth, binding together ‘all who know the truth’ as a community.
Face To Face
Approved rendering: cara a cara
Transliteration: stoma pros stoma
Doctrine: Christian Family and Fellowship in the Truth
Rejected alternatives: boca a boca (in contemporary Spanish means CPR or word-of-mouth publicity, never personal presence)
Original: στόμα πρὸς στόμα
Category: Church
NEW — 2 John. Occurs 1:12. Idiom substitution required; the literal cognate rendering is explicitly rejected.
Watch Yourselves
Approved rendering: cuídense
Transliteration: blepete heautous
Doctrine: Reward for Faithful Ministry
Rejected alternatives: Mirad por vosotros mismos (archaic RV1960 vosotros form, reserved only for direct verbatim Scripture quotation, per baseline register rule)
Original: βλέπετε ἑαυτούς
Category: Perseverance
NEW — 2 John. Occurs 1:8. Ustedes-register form for teaching materials, consistent with the baseline’s non-archaic register requirement.
Low Risk Terms
Fellowship
Approved rendering: compañerismo
Transliteration: koinōnia
Doctrine: Christian Fellowship
Rejected alternatives: comunión de los santos (specific Catholic liturgical formula)
Original: κοινωνία
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package (baseline ‘fellowship’ entry, unchanged). Positive noun sense of shared participation in Christ and with other believers. Does not occur as a standalone noun in 2 John, but shares a word family with 1:11’s verb κοινωνέω (‘participar en’); retained here so the negative complicity sense (see ‘share_participate’ below) is never confused with this positive concept.
House
Approved rendering: casa
Transliteration: oikia
Doctrine: Hospitality and Doctrinal Discernment
Original: οἰκία
Category: Hospitality
NEW — 2 John. Occurs 1:10. Standard term; risk exists only in combination with the surrounding hospitality-endorsement instruction (see ‘receive_into_house’).
Elder
Approved rendering: anciano
Transliteration: presbyteros
Doctrine: Apostolic Pastoral Authority
Original: πρεσβύτερος
Category: Church
NEW — 2 John. Occurs 1:1. Standard across all Spanish Bible traditions for this recognized office. The ambiguity with ‘elderly person’ exists in the Greek term itself, not translation-introduced.
Children
Approved rendering: hijos
Transliteration: tekna
Doctrine: Background/relational
Original: τέκνα
Category: Church
NEW — 2 John. Occurs 1:1,4,13. Standard; masculine-plural-default grammatical form for mixed-gender groups per baseline gender-language rule; no inclusive-language innovation.
Sister
Approved rendering: hermana
Transliteration: adelphē
Doctrine: Background/relational
Original: ἀδελφή
Category: Church
NEW — 2 John. Occurs 1:13. Standard term, no significant risk.
Beginning
Approved rendering: principio
Transliteration: archē
Doctrine: The Commandment to Love One Another
Original: ἀρχή
Category: Love
NEW — 2 John. Occurs 1:5,6. Standard; signals apostolic continuity of the love-command, not later innovation.
New Adjective
Approved rendering: nuevo
Transliteration: kainē
Doctrine: The Commandment to Love One Another
NEW — 2 John. Occurs 1:5. Standard; the letter’s rhetorical point (the command is not actually new) must be preserved by surrounding clauses, not undermined by this word alone.
One Another
Approved rendering: unos a otros
Transliteration: allēlous
Doctrine: The Commandment to Love One Another
Original: ἀλλήλους
Category: Love
NEW — 2 John. Occurs 1:5. Standard reciprocal construction.
Joy Rejoice
Approved rendering: gozo / alegrarse
Transliteration: chairō / chara
Doctrine: Christian Family and Fellowship in the Truth
Original: χαίρω / χαρά
Category: Church
NEW — 2 John. Occurs 1:4,12. Use the same Spanish root (‘gozo’/‘alegría’) across both occurrences for lexical consistency across the letter.
Paper And Ink
Approved rendering: papel y tinta
Transliteration: chartēs kai melan
Doctrine: Background/material culture
Original: χάρτης καὶ μέλαν
Category: Church
NEW — 2 John. Occurs 1:12. Purely descriptive ancient-writing-materials detail; no doctrinal risk. Optional historical footnote.
Greet Ordinary
Approved rendering: saludan
Transliteration: aspazomai
Doctrine: Christian Family and Fellowship in the Truth
Original: ἀσπάζομαι
Category: Church
NEW — 2 John. Occurs 1:13. Distinct Greek verb from the formal χαίρειν greeting-formula of 1:10-11 (see ‘greeting_formula’); Spanish ‘saludar’ flattens this distinction, so teaching notes must clarify this occurrence is ordinary and low-stakes.
Referenced passages