Core Glossary
Core Glossary: Exodus — English → Spanish
This glossary catalogs every load-bearing theological term identified in 07_semantic_analysis.md, spanning Exodus 1-40. Terms marked [BASELINE REUSE] are already fixed in the Romans translation_memory.json and MUST be rendered identically here; only their Exodus-specific contextual notes are new. All other terms are new entries proposed for addition to translation_memory.json and bible_term_registry.json prior to Phase 2 translation.
Risk tiers follow the baseline’s doctrine_risk_registry.json definitions: Critical (human theologian review, every occurrence), High (human theologian review), Medium (native speaker review), Low (automated review sufficient).
Section A — Baseline Terms Reused Without Modification
| English Term | Spanish Rendering | Risk (Baseline) | Exodus Occurrence Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| grace | gracia | High | Ex 33:12-19; 34:6 (root of חַנּוּן, channun) — unmerited divine favor toward a covenant-breaking people |
| faith / believe | fe / creer | High | Ex 4:1-9,31; 14:31; 19:9 — Israel’s trust (and repeated failures of trust) in YHWH’s word through Moses |
| holy | santo | High | Ex 3:5 (holy ground); throughout tabernacle material; Ex 19:6 (holy nation) |
| saints (all-believers sense analogue) | — (not directly used; see “holy nation” below) | Critical (baseline) | No direct Exodus occurrence of “santos” as a noun-title; the conceptual analogue is “holy nation” (Ex 19:6) |
| sanctification | santificación | High | Ex 13:2; 19:10,14; 29:1 (root קָדַּשׁ) |
| salvation | salvación | Critical | Ex 14:13,30; 15:2 — the paradigmatic OT salvation/deliverance event |
| called/calling | llamado | High | Ex 3:4 (Moses called by name); Ex 19:3-6 (Israel’s corporate calling) |
| glory | gloria | High (Exodus escalates to Critical-adjacent given climactic Ex 40:34-35) | Ex 16:7,10; 24:16-17; 33:18-22; 40:34-35 |
| law | ley | High | Ex 20-24 (the Decalogue and Book of the Covenant); central to the Mosaic Covenant doctrine |
| sin | pecado | Medium | Ex 32 (golden calf); Ex 34:7,9 |
| covenant | pacto | High | Ex 6:4-5; 19:5; 24:7-8; 34:10,27-28 — the Mosaic Covenant’s central term |
| election | elección | High | Ex 19:5 (treasured possession); conceptually present in God’s choice of Israel throughout |
| intercession | intercesión | Critical | Ex 32:11-14,31-32; 33:12-16 — Moses’ direct mediatorial intercession; MUST reinforce the baseline’s caution against a saints/Marian-mediation default reading |
| power of God | poder de Dios | Medium | Ex 9:16; 15:6 — demonstrated through the plagues and the sea |
| prophet | profeta | Low | Moses functions prophetically throughout; explicit prophetic office language appears more fully in Deuteronomio 18:15-18 |
| Messiah (root: anoint) | Mesías (root: ungir/unción) | Critical | Ex 28-30 (priestly anointing, root מָשַׁח mashach) — direct etymological/typological ancestor of “Mesías” |
| God | Dios | Critical | Throughout; also appears as El Shaddai, Elohim |
| Holy Spirit | Espíritu Santo | Critical (nuanced) | Ex 31:3; 35:31 — Spirit-empowerment for tabernacle craftsmanship; distinct mode from NT indwelling, same divine Person |
| Father | Padre | Critical (minor Exodus presence) | Ex 4:22-23 (“Israel es mi hijo primogénito”) — background for the Father/son covenant-family theme, not a major Exodus emphasis |
| Israel | Israel | Low | Throughout |
| mission | misión | Medium | Conceptually present in Israel’s priestly-nation calling (Ex 19:6) to mediate God to the nations |
Section B — New Terms Requiring Addition to Translation Memory
| English Term | Spanish Rendering | Hebrew (Translit.) | LXX Greek (Translit.) | Risk | Doctrine | Key Passages | Rejected Alternatives | Risk Rationale |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| LORD (YHWH, the covenant name) | el SEÑOR (versalitas); “Jehová” as accepted RV1960 alternative | יְהוָה (YHWH) | Κύριος (Kyrios) | Critical | Character and Name of God | Ex 3:15; 6:2-8; 12:1; throughout | lowercase “señor” (collapses covenant name into generic title); conflating with baseline’s Romans “Señor” for Christ without a clarifying bridge | Distinguishing the divine covenant name from generic κύριος/“lord” language is essential; modern Spanish Bibles mark this typographically (versalitas), a convention this curriculum should adopt for clarity |
| I AM WHO I AM | Yo Soy El Que Soy | אֶהְיֶה אֲשֶׁר אֶהְיֶה (‘ehyeh ‘asher ‘ehyeh) | Ἐγώ εἰμι ὁ ὤν (Egō eimi ho ōn) | Critical | Character and Name of God | Ex 3:14 | ”el Ser Supremo” (abstract philosophical substitution) | Foundational self-revelation of divine character; must not be philosophically abstracted away from its relational, covenantal force |
| Angel of the LORD | el Ángel del SEÑOR | מַלְאַךְ יְהוָה (mal’akh YHWH) | ἄγγελος κυρίου (angelos kyriou) | High | Moses as Mediator / Sonship of Christ (typological) | Ex 3:2-6; 23:20-21 | generic “un ángel” (loses the unique divine-authority nuance); conflation with veneration of angels/saints as intercessors | Possible pre-incarnate Christophany; must not default to a created-angel-only reading nor to a saint/angel-intercession framework |
| the Exodus / going out | el Éxodo / la salida (de Egipto) | יָצָא (yatsa) | ἔξοδος (exodos) | Critical | The Exodus as Redemption | Ex 12:31-42; 13:3; throughout | — | The book’s title term and central historical-redemptive anchor |
| redeem (kinsman-redeemer) | redimir | גָּאַל (ga’al) | λυτρόομαι (lytroomai) | Critical | The Exodus as Redemption | Ex 6:6; 15:13 | — | Familial/covenantal redemption sense; must be distinguished in teaching notes from the ransom-payment sense (padah) below, since Spanish “redimir” covers both |
| redeem (ransom/payment) | redimir / rescatar | פָּדָה (padah) | λυτρόομαι (lytroomai) | High | The Exodus as Redemption | Ex 13:13,15; 34:20 | — | Ransom/substitute-payment sense, distinct Hebrew root from ga’al; direct type of Marcos 10:45 |
| bondage/hard labor | esclavitud / servidumbre | עֲבֹדָה (avodah) | δουλεία (douleia) | High | Deliverance from Bondage to Sin | Ex 1:11-14; 2:23; 5:9 | ”falta de libertad” (too weak) | Same Hebrew root later means “serve/worship” (Ex 5, 8-10) — the wordplay (freedom = change of master, not autonomy) must be taught explicitly since it does not surface in Spanish |
| ”Let my people go" | "Deja ir a mi pueblo” | שַׁלַּח (shalach) | ἐξαπόστειλον (exaposteilon) | Critical | The Exodus as Redemption | Ex 5:1; 7:16; 8:1,20; 9:1,13; 10:3 | — | Programmatic thesis-phrase of the book; flag for verbatim cross-document consistency |
| hardening of the heart | endurecer el corazón | כָּבֵד / חָזַק (kaved/chazaq) | βαρύνω / κατισχύω | High | Deliverance from Bondage to Sin | Ex 4:21; 7:3,13-14; 8:15,32; 9:12,34-35; 10:1,20,27; 14:4,8,17 | purely fatalistic “estaba destinado a…” | Must hold divine sovereignty and human responsibility together; a recurring, theologically loaded refrain |
| firstborn | primogénito | בְּכוֹר (bekor) | πρωτότοκον (prōtotokon) | Critical | Passover and Substitutionary Atonement | Ex 4:22-23; 11:4-5; 12:12-13,29; 13:2,12-15 | — | Judgment falls on the firstborn; Israel’s firstborn spared by blood and later formally redeemed; direct type of Christ (Colosenses 1:15,18) |
| lamb | cordero | שֶׂה (seh) | πρόβατον / ἀμνός (probaton / amnos) | Critical | Passover and Substitutionary Atonement | Ex 12:3-6 | — | Substitutionary sacrificial victim; direct type of Christ, “el Cordero de Dios” |
| without blemish/defect | sin defecto / sin mancha | תָּמִים (tamim) | τέλειον / ἄμωμον (teleion / amōmon) | High | Passover and Substitutionary Atonement | Ex 12:5 | ”de buena calidad” (loses sacrificial-perfection sense) | Prefigures Christ’s sinless perfection, 1 Pedro 1:19 |
| slaughter/sacrifice | sacrificar / inmolar | שָׁחַט (shachat) | σφάζω (sphazō) | High | Passover and Substitutionary Atonement | Ex 12:6,21 | generic “matar” (flattens cultic register) | Deliberate substitutionary/cultic death, not ordinary killing |
| blood | sangre | דָּם (dam) | αἷμα (haima) | Critical | Passover and Substitutionary Atonement | Ex 12:7,13,22-23; 24:8; 29:12 | — | Linchpin term connecting Passover typology to substitutionary atonement doctrine; must never be treated as mere narrative detail |
| unleavened bread | panes sin levadura | מַצּוֹת (matzot) | ἄζυμα (azyma) | High | Passover and Substitutionary Atonement | Ex 12:8,15-20,39; 13:6-7 | — | Symbol of haste and later of purged corruption/sin (1 Corintios 5:6-8) |
| bitter herbs | hierbas amargas | מְרֹרִים (merorim) | πικρίδες (pikrides) | Medium | Passover and Substitutionary Atonement | Ex 12:8 | — | Memorializes the bitterness of bondage |
| Passover | Pascua | פֶּסַח (pesach) | πάσχα (pascha) | Critical | Passover and Substitutionary Atonement | Ex 12:11-14,21,27,42-48 | — | COLLISION RISK: identical Spanish word to “Easter” (Pascua de Resurrección); requires explicit “Pascua judía” vs. “Pascua cristiana” clarification at every occurrence to prevent conflation with modern Easter customs |
| ”pass over” (verbal, sparing) | pasar de / pasar por alto (con sentido de perdonar/proteger) | פָסַח (pasach) | — | Critical | Passover and Substitutionary Atonement | Ex 12:13,23,27 | any construction implying the plague still “passes through” the household | Must unambiguously convey sparing, not mere passage; grounded strictly in the blood-sign, not household merit |
| judgment on the gods of Egypt | juicio contra los dioses de Egipto | אֱלֹהֵי מִצְרַיִם | πάντες οἱ θεοὶ Αἰγύπτου | High | Character and Name of God | Ex 12:12; cf. plagues chs. 7-10 | generic “falsos dioses” (loses historical specificity) | YHWH’s direct confrontation with and defeat of a rival pantheon |
| memorial | memorial | זִכָּרוֹן (zikkaron) | μνημόσυνον (mnēmosynon) | Medium | Passover and Substitutionary Atonement | Ex 12:14; 13:9 | — | Participatory corporate remembrance, not mere historical record |
| statute/ordinance forever | estatuto perpetuo | חֻקַּת עוֹלָם (chuqqat olam) | νόμιμον αἰώνιον (nomimon aiōnion) | High | The Mosaic Covenant and Law | Ex 12:14,17; 27:21; 28:43 | unqualified “para siempre” without a fulfillment note | Risk of being read as unending literal obligation without New-Covenant typological-fulfillment teaching |
| circumcision | circuncisión | מוּל (mul) | περιτέμνω (peritemnō) | Medium | The Mosaic Covenant and Law | Ex 12:44,48 | — | Covenant-boundary marker for Passover participation |
| foreigner/sojourner | extranjero / forastero | גֵּר (ger) | πάροικος (paroikos) | Medium | Unity/Boundary themes | Ex 12:19,48-49; 22:21; 23:9 | conflation with baseline’s “gentiles” | Resident-sojourner category distinct from “gentiles/nations at large” |
| pillar of cloud/fire | columna de nube / columna de fuego | עַמּוּד עָנָן / עַמּוּד אֵשׁ | στῦλος νεφέλης / στῦλος πυρός | High | The Tabernacle and God’s Presence | Ex 13:21-22; 14:19-20,24; 40:38 | — | Visible, continuous sign of guiding divine presence; preview of tabernacle/incarnation presence theology |
| ”the LORD who heals you” (YHWH Rapha) | “el SEÑOR que te sana” | יְהוָה רֹפְאֶךָ | ἐγὼ κύριος ὁ ἰώμενός σε | Medium-High | Character and Name of God | Ex 15:26 | any formulaic/charm-like rendering | Syncretism risk with curanderismo/folk-healing frameworks; must be taught as covenant-relational, obedience-linked healing |
| manna | maná | מָן (man) | μάννα (manna) | Low-Medium | Deliverance from Bondage to Sin (provision typology) | Ex 16:4,15,31,35 | — | Type of Christ as bread of life (Juan 6) |
| Sabbath/rest | sábado / reposo | שַׁבָּת (shabbat) | σάββατον (sabbaton) | Critical/High | The Mosaic Covenant and Law | Ex 16:23-30; 20:8-11; 31:12-17 | generic “día libre” (loses covenant-sign and rest-from-slavery weight) | Covenant sign and freedom from unceasing slave-labor; avoid conflating with Sunday-observance denominational debates without a historical note |
| the Rock (divine epithet) | la Roca | צוּר (tsur) | πέτρα (petra) | Medium | Character and Name of God | Ex 17:6 | — | Messianic typology, 1 Corintios 10:4 |
| YHWH Nissi (“the LORD is my Banner”) | “el SEÑOR es mi bandera” | יְהוָה נִסִּי | κύριός μου καταφυγή | Medium | Character and Name of God | Ex 17:15 | — | Compound covenant-victory name |
| judges | jueces | שֹׁפְטִים (shophetim) | κριταί (kritai) | Medium | Moses as Mediator and Deliverer | Ex 18:13-26 | — | Delegated mediatorial/governmental structure |
| kingdom of priests | reino de sacerdotes / real sacerdocio | מַמְלֶכֶת כֹּהֲנִים | βασίλειον ἱεράτευμα | High | Moses as Mediator and Deliverer | Ex 19:6 | unqualified “sacerdocio” without clarifying note | Collision with Catholic ordained-priesthood associations; must be distinguished while affirming continuity with 1 Pedro 2:9 |
| treasured possession | posesión atesorada / pueblo especial | עַם סְגֻלָּה | λαὸς περιούσιος | High | The Mosaic Covenant and Law (election) | Ex 19:5 | — | Reinforces baseline’s elección doctrine at national level |
| Ten Commandments / Decalogue | los Diez Mandamientos / el Decálogo | עֲשֶׂרֶת הַדְּבָרִים | δέκα λόγοι | Critical | The Mosaic Covenant and Law | Ex 20:1-17 | law taught as a means of earning redemption rather than covenant response to it | Must be framed by Ex 20:2 — law follows grace, does not earn it; direct parallel to Romans 3-5 grace/works caution |
| jealous God | Dios celoso | אֵל קַנָּא (El Qanna) | θεὸς ζηλωτής | High | Character and Name of God / Holiness | Ex 20:5; 34:14 | unqualified “celoso” without a gloss | ”Celoso” in everyday Spanish suggests petty possessive jealousy; must be glossed as righteous covenant exclusivity |
| graven image/idol | ídolo / imagen de talla | פֶּסֶל (pesel) | εἴδωλον / γλυπτόν | High | Holiness and the Fear of the Lord | Ex 20:4,23; 32:4,8 | — | Requires careful pastoral distinction from religious-statuary veneration practices in the destination culture |
| covet | codiciar | חָמַד (chamad) | ἐπιθυμέω (epithymeō) | Medium | The Mosaic Covenant and Law | Ex 20:17 | — | Internal-heart dimension of the Law |
| eye for eye | ojo por ojo | עַיִן תַּחַת עַיִן | ὀφθαλμὸν ἀντὶ ὀφθαλμοῦ | Medium | The Mosaic Covenant and Law | Ex 21:24 | endorsement of personal vengeance | Judicial proportionality principle, not personal retaliation license |
| blood of the covenant | sangre del pacto | דַּם־הַבְּרִית | αἷμα τῆς διαθήκης | Critical | Passover and Substitutionary Atonement / Mosaic Covenant | Ex 24:8 | — | Direct forward link to Mateo 26:28/Marcos 14:24; flag for cross-document verbatim consistency |
| tabernacle/dwelling place | tabernáculo | מִשְׁכָּן (mishkan) | σκηνή (skēnē) | Critical | The Tabernacle and God’s Presence | Ex 25:8-9; chs. 26-27, 35-40 | — | God’s dwelling among a redeemed sinful people; OT root of Juan 1:14 |
| Ark of the Covenant | arca del pacto | אֲרוֹן הַבְּרִית | κιβωτὸς τῆς διαθήκης | Critical | The Tabernacle and God’s Presence | Ex 25:10-22 | — | Central focal object of covenant presence |
| mercy seat/atonement cover | propiciatorio | כַּפֹּרֶת (kapporet) | ἱλαστήριον (hilastērion) | Critical | Passover and Substitutionary Atonement | Ex 25:17-22; 30:6; 37:6-9 | ”cubierta” alone (loses atoning sense) | Direct lexical link to Romanos 3:25’s ἱλαστήριον/“propiciación” — closes a gap left open by the baseline’s escalation rules |
| veil/curtain (sanctuary) | velo / cortina | פָּרֹכֶת (parochet) | καταπέτασμα (katapetasma) | High | The Tabernacle and God’s Presence | Ex 26:31-33; 40:21 | — | Distinct Hebrew term from Moses’ face-veil (ch.34); do not conflate in Spanish |
| high priest | sumo sacerdote | כֹּהֵן הַגָּדוֹל | ἀρχιερεύς (archiereus) | High | Moses as Mediator and Deliverer | Ex 28:1-3; 29:1-9 | unqualified equivalence with Catholic ordained priesthood | OT mediating office fulfilled finally in Christ alone |
| anoint/anointing | ungir / unción | מָשַׁח (mashach) | χρίω (chriō) | Critical | Character and Name of God / Messianic typology | Ex 29:7; 30:25-30; 40:9-15 | — | Direct etymological/typological root of baseline’s Mesías |
| cherubim | querubines | כְּרוּבִים (kerubim) | χερουβίμ (cheroubim) | Medium | The Tabernacle and God’s Presence | Ex 25:18-20; 37:7-9 | reduction to “angelitos” (cute-cherub imagery) | Awesome guardian figures, not decorative infants |
| golden calf | becerro de oro | עֵגֶל זָהָב (egel zahav) | μόσχος χρυσοῦς | Critical | Holiness and the Fear of the Lord | Ex 32:1-8,19-24,35 | — | Paradigmatic covenant-breaking idolatry |
| wrath of God | ira de Dios | חֲרוֹן אַף (charon aph) | ὀργή (orgē) | High | Holiness and the Fear of the Lord | Ex 32:10-12; 22:24 | capricious/impulsive-rage framing | Righteous judicial response, necessary counterpart to atonement doctrine |
| face/presence of God | rostro / presencia de Dios | פָּנִים (panim) | πρόσωπον (prosōpon) | Critical | The Tabernacle and God’s Presence | Ex 33:11,14-15,18-23 | mere locational nearness | Full relational divine presence; the tabernacle project’s ultimate goal |
| proclamation of God’s Name (Ex 34:6-7) | “el SEÑOR, el SEÑOR, Dios misericordioso y clemente…” | יְהוָה יְהוָה אֵל רַחוּם וְחַנּוּן | κύριος κύριος ὁ θεὸς οἰκτίρμων καὶ ἐλεήμων | Critical | Character and Name of God | Ex 34:6-7 | any paraphrase softening either the mercy or the justice clauses of the formula | The OT’s most-quoted self-description of God’s character; fixed formula, flag for cross-document consistency |
| merciful | misericordioso | רַחוּם (rachum) | οἰκτίρμων (oiktirmōn) | High | Character and Name of God | Ex 34:6 | — | Part of the 34:6-7 formula |
| steadfast love / covenant loyalty | misericordia (standardized); teaching note required | חֶסֶד (chesed) | ἔλεος (eleos, partial equivalent) | Critical | Character and Name of God | Ex 34:6-7; 15:13; 20:6 | reducing to mere emotional “amor” or “pity” without covenant-loyalty sense | No single Spanish word captures chesed’s love-plus-covenant-faithfulness range; standardize on “misericordia” but mandate a teaching note at every occurrence |
| veil over Moses’ face | velo (sobre el rostro de Moisés) | מַסְוֶה (masveh) | κάλυμμα (kalymma) | Medium | Character and Name of God | Ex 34:33-35 | — | DIFFERENT Hebrew word from the sanctuary veil (parochet); flag to prevent conflation under the shared Spanish word “velo” |
| freewill offering | ofrenda voluntaria | נְדָבָה (nedavah) | ἑκούσιον (hekousion) | Low-Medium | The Tabernacle and God’s Presence | Ex 35:21,29; 36:3 | — | Contrast with forced labor under Pharaoh |
| filled with the Spirit (craftsmanship) | lleno del Espíritu (de Dios) | רוּח (ruach) | πνεῦμα (pneuma) | High | The Tabernacle and God’s Presence / Holy Spirit (nuanced) | Ex 31:1-6; 35:30-35 | implying full NT-pattern regeneration | Genuine but distinct mode of the same Spirit’s work (equipping for craft), not to be equated with NT indwelling/regeneration without a teaching note |
| the glory of the LORD filled the tabernacle | la gloria del SEÑOR llenó el tabernáculo | כְּבוֹד יְהוָה מָלֵא | δόξα κυρίου ἔπλησε | Critical | The Tabernacle and God’s Presence | Ex 40:34-35 | — | Book’s theological climax; forerunner to 1 Reyes 8, Juan 1:14, Hechos 2; flag for cross-document verbatim consistency |
Section C — Chapters Reviewed with No New Load-Bearing Terms
| Chapter(s) | Status |
|---|---|
| 8, 9, 10 | Reviewed. Reuse “hardening of the heart,” “signs and wonders,” and “that you may know that I am the LORD” from ch.7; no independent new theological vocabulary introduced. |
| 11 | Reviewed. Anticipates ch.12’s “firstborn” and “distinguish” terms; no independent new vocabulary. |
| 21-23 (Book of the Covenant, apart from terms tabled in Section B) | Reviewed as a unit; remaining case-law material (property, personal injury, festival calendar repetition) reuses established covenant/law/feast vocabulary without further new theological terms. |
| 30-31 (tabernacle furnishings continuation: altar of incense, bronze basin, census tax, Sabbath-sign repetition) | Reviewed. Reuse tabernacle, anointing, and Sabbath terms already tabled under chs. 25-31; no independent new terms beyond those already listed. |
| 35-39 (tabernacle construction narrative, apart from terms tabled in Section B) | Reviewed as a unit. The bulk of this material is the execution-narrative mirror of the chs. 25-31 instructions, reusing tabernacle, Ark, veil, priestly-garment, and anointing vocabulary already tabled; no independent new theological terms beyond “freewill offering” and “filled with the Spirit,” both tabled above. |
Section D — Cross-Document Consistency Flags (Parallel to Baseline’s Romans 1:16-17 / 8:28 / 10:9-10 Rule)
The following Exodus renderings must remain verbatim identical across every document in this curriculum, per the baseline’s Theological Consistency Rules:
- “Deja ir a mi pueblo” (Ex 5:1 and refrain) — thesis phrase of Exodus as Redemption
- “Cordero… sin defecto” (Ex 12:5) and “la sangre… será por señal” (Ex 12:13) — Passover atonement core
- “Yo Soy El Que Soy” (Ex 3:14) — Character/Name of God anchor
- “El SEÑOR, el SEÑOR, Dios misericordioso y clemente…” (Ex 34:6-7) — the definitive divine self-description, quoted throughout the rest of Scripture
- “la sangre del pacto” (Ex 24:8) — must match any Gospel-curriculum rendering of Mateo 26:28/Marcos 14:24
- “la gloria del SEÑOR llenó el tabernáculo” (Ex 40:34-35) — the book’s climactic verse
This glossary must be merged into translation_memory.json (incrementing its version number) and bible_term_registry.json before any Phase 2 segment translation of Exodus material begins, per the Pre-flight Checklist in 12_ai_translation_requirements.md.
Critical Risk Terms
Salvation
Approved rendering: salvación
Transliteration: sōtēria (LXX Gk.); yeshuah/yasha (Heb.)
Doctrine: Salvation
Rejected alternatives: salvarse por buenas obras, merecer el cielo mediante sacramentos y penitencia
INHERITED FROM ROMANS PACKAGE. Exodus extension: Ex 14:13,30; 15:2 — the paradigmatic OT salvation/deliverance event and direct historical root of the NT’s σωτηρία vocabulary. Teach Exodus 14 as physical-historical deliverance from a real enemy, the pattern for the NT’s spiritual salvation from sin — not a lifelong uncertain outcome secured through sacraments and merit, per the baseline’s existing folk-Catholic caution.
Intercession
Approved rendering: intercesión
Transliteration: enteuxis (LXX/NT Gk.); chillah (Heb.)
Doctrine: Prayer and Intercession
Rejected alternatives: intercesión de los santos o de la Virgen como mediadores necesarios ante Dios
INHERITED FROM ROMANS PACKAGE. Exodus extension: Ex 32:11-14,31-32; 33:12-16 — Moses’ direct mediatorial pleading after the golden calf is this curriculum’s single highest-risk occurrence for the saints/Marian-mediation default reading, because Moses is a visible, historical human intercessor easily assimilated to a venerated-intercessor model. MUST be taught at every occurrence as the OT type of Christ’s direct mediatorial intercession, never a precedent validating ongoing saint/Marian mediation.
Messiah
Approved rendering: Mesías
Transliteration: Christos (LXX/NT Gk.); mashiach (Heb.)
Doctrine: Messianic Promise
Rejected alternatives: un ungido más, entre otros santos o profetas venerados
INHERITED FROM ROMANS PACKAGE. Exodus does not use this title itself; it uses the anointing verb (see anointing below), the direct etymological and typological root of ‘Mesías.’ Cross-reference explicitly whenever anointing is taught so learners see the link between tabernacle/priestly anointing and ‘el Ungido’ fulfilled in Jesus.
God
Approved rendering: Dios
Transliteration: theos (LXX Gk.); Elohim (Heb.)
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
INHERITED FROM ROMANS PACKAGE. Distinguish from the specific covenant-name entry lord_yhwh (‘el SEÑOR’), reserved for the Tetragrammaton YHWH specifically.
Father
Approved rendering: Padre
Transliteration: patēr (LXX/NT Gk.)
Doctrine: Adoption into God’s Family
INHERITED FROM ROMANS PACKAGE. Exodus extension: Ex 4:22-23 (‘Israel es mi hijo primogénito’) — minor but real background for the Father/son covenant-family theme fully developed in Romans 8.
Lord
Approved rendering: Señor
Transliteration: kyrios (LXX/NT Gk.)
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: Señor mío (devotional-only, without lordship claim over the whole of life)
INHERITED FROM ROMANS PACKAGE, reserved for Christ’s lordship (Romans 10:9). Exodus introduces the distinct but related covenant-name entry lord_yhwh (‘el SEÑOR,’ YHWH) — both are rendered by the same LXX Greek κύριος, and this progressive-revelation link (YHWH → ‘Jesús es el Señor’) must be taught explicitly, never assumed as mere homonymy.
Lord Yhwh
Approved rendering: el SEÑOR (versalitas)
Transliteration: YHWH (Yahweh); Kyrios (LXX Gk.)
Doctrine: The Character and Name of God (I AM)
Rejected alternatives: señor en minúsculas (colapsa el nombre del pacto en un título genérico), Jehová como forma por defecto (asociación viva con los Testigos de Jehová)
Original: יְהוָה
Category: God
God’s personal covenant name. Render with the modern Spanish Bible small-caps convention (NVI, RVA2015, DHH). ‘Jehová’ (RV1960) is an accepted variant ONLY inside direct RV1960 block quotations, always with a disclaiming note that this curriculum does not endorse Jehovah’s Witness theology. Where versalitas formatting cannot render (plain text, audio scripts, some LMS quiz formats), substitute the explicit gloss ‘el SEÑOR (el nombre propio de Dios, YHWH)’ — never fall back to lowercase ‘el señor.‘
I Am Who I Am
Approved rendering: Yo Soy El Que Soy
Transliteration: ‘ehyeh ‘asher ‘ehyeh (Heb.); Egō eimi ho ōn (LXX Gk.)
Doctrine: The Character and Name of God (I AM)
Rejected alternatives: el Ser Supremo (abstracción filosófica), Yahvé transliterado sin traducir (extraño a la tradición evangélica de esta audiencia)
Original: אֶהְיֶה אֲשֶׁר אֶהְיֶה
Category: God
God’s foundational self-revelation of eternal self-existence and covenant faithfulness (Ex 3:14). Fixed rendering per RV1960 precedent. Must be taught alongside lord_yhwh as two facets of one self-revelation. Never abstract into philosophical ‘Ser Supremo’; this is relational self-disclosure, echoed in Christ’s ἐγώ εἰμι sayings (Juan 8:58).
El Shaddai
Approved rendering: El Shaddai (Dios Todopoderoso)
Transliteration: El Shaddai (Heb.)
Doctrine: The Character and Name of God (I AM)
Original: אֵל שַׁדַּי
Category: God
Patriarchal-era divine title (Ex 6:3) explicitly linked to YHWH’s fuller revelation. Transliterate + gloss to preserve the patriarchal-to-Mosaic continuity signal without sacrificing comprehension.
Exodus Event
Approved rendering: el Éxodo / la salida de Egipto
Transliteration: yatsa (Heb., verb); exodos (LXX Gk., book title)
Doctrine: The Exodus as Redemption
Rejected alternatives: ‘liberación’ como nombre técnico de la doctrina (colisión con la Teología de la Liberación latinoamericana)
Original: יָצָא (verb); book title ἔξοδος
Category: Salvation
Use ‘Éxodo’ for the book title (standard Spanish Bible convention); use ‘la salida de Egipto’ for the historical event within narrative. Teach as a real, dated, geographic deliverance, never a loose metaphor. Avoid naming the doctrine itself ‘liberación’ without a reconciliation-with-God qualifier, given the term’s strong association with 20th-century Liberation Theology’s socio-political reading.
Redeem Gaal
Approved rendering: redimir
Transliteration: ga’al (Heb.); lytroomai (LXX Gk.)
Doctrine: The Exodus as Redemption
Rejected alternatives: fusionar sin distinción con la redención por rescate pagado (padah) sin nota aclaratoria
Original: גָּאַל
Category: Salvation
Kinsman-redeemer sense: God redeeming Israel as covenantal near-kin (Ex 6:6; 15:13). Spanish ‘redimir’ collapses this with redeem_padah below; MUST pair every occurrence with a teaching note distinguishing ‘redención por parentesco/pacto’ (ga’al) from ‘redención por rescate pagado’ (padah).
Let My People Go
Approved rendering: Deja ir a mi pueblo
Transliteration: shalach (Heb.); exaposteilon (LXX Gk.)
Doctrine: The Exodus as Redemption
Original: שַׁלַּח
Category: Salvation
Programmatic thesis-phrase of Exodus (Ex 5:1; 7:16; 8:1,20; 9:1,13; 10:3). Fixed rendering required VERBATIM at every occurrence, parallel to the baseline’s treatment of Romans 1:16-17 and 10:9-10 as fixed thesis statements.
Firstborn
Approved rendering: primogénito
Transliteration: bekor (Heb.); prōtotokon (LXX Gk.)
Doctrine: Passover and Substitutionary Atonement
Original: בְּכוֹר
Category: Salvation
Ex 4:22-23; 11:4-5; 12:12-13,29; 13:2,12-15. Judgment falls on the firstborn; Israel’s firstborn spared by blood and later formally redeemed (see redeem_padah). Teach forward into Colosenses 1:15,18 and Hebreos 12:23.
Lamb
Approved rendering: cordero
Transliteration: seh (Heb.); probaton / amnos (LXX Gk.)
Doctrine: Passover and Substitutionary Atonement
Original: שֶׂה
Category: Passover
Ex 12:3-6. Substitutionary sacrificial victim; must be taught explicitly as such, connecting to Juan 1:29 and 1 Corintios 5:7, never merely a festive-meal ingredient.
Blood
Approved rendering: sangre
Transliteration: dam (Heb.); haima (LXX Gk.)
Doctrine: Passover and Substitutionary Atonement
Original: דָּם
Category: Passover
Ex 12:7,13,22-23; 24:8; 29:12. The linchpin term connecting Passover typology to the curriculum’s core substitutionary-atonement doctrine and to Romanos 3:25/5:9. Never treat as a mere narrative detail.
Blood Of Covenant
Approved rendering: la sangre del pacto
Transliteration: dam ha-berit (Heb.); haima tēs diathēkēs (LXX Gk.)
Doctrine: The Mosaic Covenant and Law
Original: דַּם־הַבְּרִית
Category: Covenant
Ex 24:8. MUST match verbatim any Gospel-curriculum rendering of Mateo 26:28/Marcos 14:24 (‘esta es mi sangre del pacto’), per the baseline’s cross-document consistency rule for high-use theological phrases.
Passover
Approved rendering: Pascua
Transliteration: pesach (Heb.); pascha (LXX Gk.)
Doctrine: Passover and Substitutionary Atonement
Rejected alternatives: pésaj transliterado (preciso pero desconocido para la mayoría de esta audiencia), asumir el referente sin calificarlo como ‘la Pascua judía’
Original: פֶּסַח
Category: Passover
COLLISION RISK: identical Spanish word to Christian Easter (‘Pascua de Resurrección’) and its secular springtime associations. MUST be paired with explicit clarifying language — ‘la Pascua judía’/‘la fiesta de la Pascua’ — at every first occurrence per lesson, expressly distinguished from, then connected to as fulfillment, ‘la Pascua cristiana’ (1 Corintios 5:7). Never assume the referent is self-evident.
Pass Over Verb
Approved rendering: pasar de vosotros (RV1960) / pasar de largo
Transliteration: pasach (Heb., verbal root)
Doctrine: Passover and Substitutionary Atonement
Rejected alternatives: cualquier construcción que implique que la plaga aún ‘pasa a través’ del hogar
Original: פָסַח (verbal root behind pesach)
Category: Passover
Ex 12:13,23,27. Must unambiguously convey sparing/protection, never mere passage. God’s sparing is grounded strictly in the blood-sign’s presence, not household merit — foundational to substitutionary atonement doctrine.
Sabbath
Approved rendering: sábado / reposo
Transliteration: shabbat (Heb.); sabbaton (LXX Gk.)
Doctrine: Sabbath Rest as Covenant Sign
Rejected alternatives: día libre genérico (pierde el peso de señal de pacto y libertad de la esclavitud)
Original: שַׁבָּת
Category: Law
Ex 16:23-30; 20:8-11; 31:12-17. Teach as covenant sign and freedom FROM unceasing slave-labor (Deuteronomio 5:15). Do not silently conflate with Seventh-day Adventist Sunday/Saturday-observance denominational debates without an explicit historical-theological note per the linguistic gap analysis.
Ten Commandments
Approved rendering: los Diez Mandamientos / el Decálogo
Transliteration: aseret ha-devarim (Heb.); deka logoi (LXX/Gk. tradition)
Doctrine: The Mosaic Covenant and Law
Rejected alternatives: la ley enseñada como sistema de méritos acumulables paralelo al marco de gracia-por-cooperación
Original: עֲשֶׂרֶת הַדְּבָרִים
Category: Law
Ex 20:1-17. MUST be taught with Ex 20:2 as the interpretive frame: law is covenant response to prior redemption, never the means of securing it — directly parallel to the baseline’s Romans 3-5 grace-vs-merit caution.
Tabernacle
Approved rendering: tabernáculo
Transliteration: mishkan (Heb.); skēnē (LXX Gk.)
Doctrine: The Tabernacle and God’s Presence
Rejected alternatives: ‘morada’ como término técnico primario (reservar solo como aposición explicativa)
Original: מִשְׁכָּן
Category: Tabernacle
Ex 25:8-9; chs. 26-27, 35-40. Standard, unambiguous term whose full doctrinal weight — God dwelling WITH His people — must be taught explicitly, tying forward to encarnación [BASELINE REUSE, Critical] and Efesios 2:22. Must be disambiguated at first occurrence per lesson from the modern Catholic Eucharistic ‘tabernáculo’ (the cabinet housing the consecrated Host).
Ark Of Covenant
Approved rendering: el arca del pacto
Transliteration: aron ha-berit (Heb.); kibōtos tēs diathēkēs (LXX Gk.)
Doctrine: The Tabernacle and God’s Presence
Original: אֲרוֹן הַבְּרִית
Category: Tabernacle
Ex 25:10-22. The central focal object of covenant presence; reuse pacto exactly.
Mercy Seat
Approved rendering: propiciatorio
Transliteration: kapporet (Heb.); hilastērion (LXX Gk.)
Doctrine: Passover and Substitutionary Atonement
Rejected alternatives: ‘cubierta’ (pierde por completo el sentido expiatorio)
Original: כַּפֹּרֶת
Category: Passover
Ex 25:17-22; 30:6; 37:6-9. LXX renders this ἱλαστήριον, the SAME Greek term Paul uses of Christ Himself in Romanos 3:25 — this closes a gap the baseline’s escalation rules left open. NEVER flatten to a merely functional ‘cubierta’; always cross-reference explicitly to Romanos 3:25’s ‘propiciación.‘
Anointing
Approved rendering: ungir / unción
Transliteration: mashach (Heb.); chriō (LXX Gk.)
Doctrine: The Character and Name of God (I AM)
Original: מָשַׁח
Category: Christology
Ex 29:7; 30:25-30; 40:9-15. Direct etymological/typological root of the baseline’s fixed ‘Mesías’ entry — must be explicitly cross-referenced so learners see the connection between tabernacle/priestly anointing and ‘el Ungido’ fulfilled in Jesus.
Golden Calf
Approved rendering: becerro de oro
Transliteration: egel zahav (Heb.); moschos chrysous (LXX Gk.)
Doctrine: Idolatry and Covenant Breach (the Golden Calf)
Original: עֵגֶל זָהָב
Category: Holiness
Ex 32:1-8,19-24,35. Standard, unambiguous; the paradigmatic covenant-breaking idolatry immediately after the Decalogue’s first prohibition.
Face Presence Of God
Approved rendering: rostro / presencia
Transliteration: panim (Heb.); prosōpon (LXX Gk.)
Doctrine: The Tabernacle and God’s Presence
Rejected alternatives: cercanía meramente locacional a un lugar físico
Original: פָּנִים
Category: Tabernacle
Ex 33:11,14-15,18-23. Central teaching term for the Tabernacle doctrine — full relational divine presence, not proximity to a physical sacred site (a risk given the destination culture’s attachment to shrines and relics).
Proclamation Of Name
Approved rendering: el SEÑOR, el SEÑOR, Dios misericordioso y clemente…
Transliteration: YHWH YHWH El rachum ve-channun (Heb.); kyrios kyrios ho theos oiktirmōn kai eleēmōn (LXX Gk.)
Doctrine: God’s Mercy and Justice Proclaimed (Exodus 34:6-7)
Rejected alternatives: cualquier paráfrasis que suavice la cláusula de misericordia o la cláusula de juicio
Original: יְהוָה יְהוָה אֵל רַחוּם וְחַנּוּן
Category: God
Ex 34:6-7. The single most-quoted OT self-description of God’s character. Render as a FIXED formula; flag for verbatim cross-document consistency, parallel to the baseline’s treatment of Romans 8:28 and 10:9-10.
Steadfast Love
Approved rendering: misericordia
Transliteration: chesed (Heb.); eleos (LXX Gk., partial equivalent)
Doctrine: The Character and Name of God (I AM)
Rejected alternatives: reducción a mera compasión emocional o lástima sin la dimensión de fidelidad de pacto
Original: חֶסֶד
Category: God
Ex 34:6-7; 15:13; 20:6. No single Spanish word captures chesed’s combination of emotional warmth and covenant obligation. Standardize on ‘misericordia’ per RV1960/RVA2015 register, but MANDATE a teaching note at every occurrence explaining the fuller covenant-loyal-love range.
Glory Filled Tabernacle
Approved rendering: la gloria del SEÑOR llenó el tabernáculo
Transliteration: kevod YHWH male (Heb.); hē doxa kyriou eplēse tēn skēnēn (LXX Gk.)
Doctrine: The Tabernacle and God’s Presence
Original: כְּבוֹד יְהוָה מָלֵא
Category: Tabernacle
Ex 40:34-35. The book’s theological climax; forerunner to 1 Reyes 8:10-11, Juan 1:14, and Hechos 2. Flag for the same verbatim cross-document consistency treatment the baseline gives Romans 8:28 and 10:9-10.
High Risk Terms
Grace
Approved rendering: gracia
Transliteration: charis (LXX Gk.); channun/chesed (Heb., Ex 34:6)
Doctrine: Grace
Rejected alternatives: favor merecido, recompensa por buenas obras
INHERITED FROM ROMANS PACKAGE — rendering, risk tier, and rejected alternatives unchanged. Exodus extension: Ex 33:12-19; 34:6 (חַנּוּן, channun) — God’s grace to a covenant-breaking people after the golden calf; this is the OT narrative root of the baseline’s grace-vs-merit doctrine. Do not let ‘gracia’ drift toward Sinai-covenant merit-cooperation.
Faith
Approved rendering: fe
Transliteration: pistis (LXX Gk.); aman (Heb.)
Doctrine: Faith
Rejected alternatives: devoción religiosa general, creencia cultural heredada
INHERITED FROM ROMANS PACKAGE. Exodus extension: Ex 4:1-9,31; 14:31; 19:9 — Israel’s repeated trust and failures of trust in YHWH’s word through Moses; the OT narrative backdrop to the baseline’s Faith doctrine.
Sanctification
Approved rendering: santificación
Transliteration: hagiasmos (LXX Gk.); qadash (Heb.)
Doctrine: Sanctification
Rejected alternatives: purificación penitencial, vía purgativa
INHERITED FROM ROMANS PACKAGE. Exodus extension: Ex 13:2; 19:10,14; 29:1 — the ritual/consecratory root behind the baseline’s ongoing-holiness doctrine, here applied to the firstborn, the people before Sinai, and the priests.
Calling
Approved rendering: llamado
Transliteration: klēsis (LXX Gk.); qara (Heb.)
Doctrine: Divine Calling
Rejected alternatives: vocación (in the narrow sense of a call to priesthood or religious life)
INHERITED FROM ROMANS PACKAGE. Exodus extension: Ex 19:3-6 — Israel’s corporate calling as a treasured, priestly nation. Do NOT introduce ‘vocación’ here either, per the baseline’s existing fence; this reuse is doubly important given Ex 19:6’s priestly-nation language (see kingdom_of_priests below).
Law
Approved rendering: ley
Transliteration: nomos (LXX Gk.); torah (Heb.)
Doctrine: Fulfillment of Prophecy
INHERITED FROM ROMANS PACKAGE. Exodus extension: Ex 20-24, the direct historical giving-event of this term; ALWAYS anchor to Ex 20:2 (‘Yo soy el SEÑOR tu Dios, que te sacó de la tierra de Egipto’) as the interpretive frame — law is the redeemed people’s grateful response, never the means of securing redemption, directly parallel to the baseline’s Romans 3-5 grace-vs-merit caution.
Covenant
Approved rendering: pacto
Transliteration: diathēkē (LXX Gk.); berit (Heb.)
Doctrine: Davidic Covenant
Rejected alternatives: contrato legal
INHERITED FROM ROMANS PACKAGE. Exodus extension: this is the central term of Exodus’s ‘The Mosaic Covenant and Law’ curriculum doctrine (Ex 6:4-5; 19:5; 24:7-8; 34:10,27-28), distinct in referent from the baseline’s Davidic-covenant doctrine label but identical in rendering and in the caution against reducing ‘pacto’ to a mere legal contract. ‘Alianza’ remains a valid Catholic-tradition synonym per the baseline note.
Election
Approved rendering: elección
Transliteration: eklogē (LXX Gk.); bachar (Heb.)
Doctrine: Effectual Calling
Rejected alternatives: destino, suerte
INHERITED FROM ROMANS PACKAGE. Exodus extension: Ex 19:5 (treasured possession) — corporate, national election of Israel, not individual soteriological election, but the same fatalism-avoidance discipline against ‘destino’/‘suerte’ applies.
Holy Spirit
Approved rendering: Espíritu Santo
Transliteration: pneuma hagion (LXX/NT Gk.); ruach Elohim (Heb.)
Doctrine: Sanctification
Rejected alternatives: una fuerza impersonal, un espíritu guía o ancestral
INHERITED FROM ROMANS PACKAGE. Exodus extension: Ex 31:3; 35:31 — Spirit-empowerment for tabernacle craftsmanship (see filled_with_spirit_craftsmanship below for the distinct-but-continuous mode of the Spirit’s work here vs. Romans 8’s indwelling Spirit). Must still be distinguished from ancestral or ‘guide’ spirits invoked in Espiritismo/Santería per the baseline’s existing caution.
Angel Of The Lord
Approved rendering: el Ángel del SEÑOR
Transliteration: mal’akh YHWH (Heb.); angelos kyriou (LXX Gk.)
Doctrine: Moses as Mediator and Deliverer
Rejected alternatives: un ángel genérico (pierde el matiz de autoridad divina única), modelo que valide la veneración/intercesión de ángeles o santos
Original: מַלְאַךְ יְהוָה
Category: Christology
Ex 3:2-6; 23:20-21. A possible pre-incarnate Christophany speaking/acting with full divine authority. Must not default to a created-angel-only reading nor be assimilated into the destination culture’s saint/angel-intercession framework.
Redeem Padah
Approved rendering: redimir / rescatar
Transliteration: padah (Heb.); lytroomai (LXX Gk.)
Doctrine: The Exodus as Redemption
Original: פָּדָה
Category: Salvation
Ransom/substitute-payment sense, applied to the firstborn’s redemption (Ex 13:13,15; 34:20). Distinct Hebrew root from redeem_gaal; direct type of Marcos 10:45. Flag the ga’al/padah distinction at every occurrence.
Bondage
Approved rendering: esclavitud / servidumbre
Transliteration: avodah (Heb.); douleia (LXX Gk.)
Doctrine: Deliverance from Bondage to Sin
Rejected alternatives: falta de libertad (demasiado débil)
Original: עֲבֹדָה
Category: Sin
Ex 1:11-14; 2:23; 5:9. The same Hebrew root later denotes ‘serve/worship’ the LORD (chs. 5, 8-10) — a wordplay invisible in Spanish that MUST be surfaced in teaching notes: Exodus reframes freedom as a change of master, not autonomy, directly feeding Romans 6’s slave-to-sin/slave-to-righteousness contrast.
Hardening Of Heart
Approved rendering: endurecer el corazón
Transliteration: kaved / chazaq (Heb.); barynō / katischyō (LXX Gk.)
Doctrine: Deliverance from Bondage to Sin
Rejected alternatives: estaba destinado a… (fatalismo puro), autonomía humana pura que ignora la acción divina explícita del texto
Original: כָּבֵד / חָזַק
Category: Sin
Ex 4:21; 7:3,13-14; 8:15,32; 9:12,34-35; 10:1,20,27; 14:4,8,17. Must hold divine sovereignty and human responsibility together throughout the recurring refrain.
That You May Know
Approved rendering: para que sepas que yo soy el SEÑOR
Transliteration: lema’an teda ki ani YHWH (Heb.); hina eidēs hoti egō kyrios (LXX Gk.)
Doctrine: The Character and Name of God (I AM)
Original: לְמַעַן תֵּדַע כִּי אֲנִי יְהוָה
Category: God
Recurring covenant-lawsuit refrain (Ex 7:17; 8:10,22; 9:14,29, etc.). Render consistently, verbatim, throughout the plague narrative, parallel to the baseline’s insistence on verbatim consistency for recurring theological refrains (Romans 8:28, 10:9-10).
Judgment On Gods Of Egypt
Approved rendering: juicio contra los dioses de Egipto
Transliteration: elohei Mitsrayim (Heb.); pantes hoi theoi Aigyptou (LXX Gk.)
Doctrine: Divine Judgment on the Gods of Egypt
Rejected alternatives: falsos dioses genéricos (pierde la especificidad histórica)
Original: אֱלֹהֵי מִצְרַיִם
Category: God
Ex 12:12; cf. plagues chs. 7-10. Teach with historical specificity (the actual Egyptian pantheon); analogically relevant, without forcing equivalence, to the destination culture’s syncretistic frameworks already flagged in the baseline (Espiritismo, Santería, curanderismo).
Without Blemish
Approved rendering: sin defecto / sin mancha
Transliteration: tamim (Heb.); teleion / amōmon (LXX Gk.)
Doctrine: Passover and Substitutionary Atonement
Rejected alternatives: de buena calidad, sano (pierde el sentido de perfección sacrificial)
Original: תָּמִים
Category: Passover
Ex 12:5. Prefigures Christ’s sinless perfection (1 Pedro 1:19); teach forward.
Slaughter Sacrifice
Approved rendering: sacrificar / inmolar
Transliteration: shachat (Heb.); sphazō (LXX Gk.)
Doctrine: Passover and Substitutionary Atonement
Rejected alternatives: matar (genérico, aplana el registro cúltico)
Original: שָׁחַט
Category: Passover
Ex 12:6,21. Deliberate substitutionary/cultic death, not ordinary killing.
Unleavened Bread
Approved rendering: panes sin levadura
Transliteration: matzot (Heb.); azyma (LXX Gk.)
Doctrine: Passover and Substitutionary Atonement
Original: מַצּוֹת
Category: Passover
Ex 12:8,15-20,39; 13:6-7. Symbol of haste; teach forward into 1 Corintios 5:6-8’s use of ‘levadura’ for corrupting sin-influence.
Statute Forever
Approved rendering: estatuto perpetuo
Transliteration: chuqqat olam (Heb.); nomimon aiōnion (LXX Gk.)
Doctrine: The Mosaic Covenant and Law
Rejected alternatives: ‘para siempre’ sin calificar (sin nota de cumplimiento en Cristo)
Original: חֻקַּת עוֹלָם
Category: Law
Ex 12:14,17; 27:21; 28:43. Risk of being read as unending literal obligation without New-Covenant typological-fulfillment teaching (Hebreos 8-10); pair with a fulfillment note at every occurrence.
Pillar Of Cloud Fire
Approved rendering: columna de nube / columna de fuego
Transliteration: ammud anan / ammud esh (Heb.); stylos nephelēs / stylos pyros (LXX Gk.)
Doctrine: God’s Guiding Presence (Pillar of Cloud and Fire)
Original: עַמּוּד עָנָן / עַמּוּד אֵשׁ
Category: Tabernacle
Ex 13:21-22; 14:19-20,24; 40:38. Teach as preview of the fuller tabernacle/incarnation presence theology; primary risk is catechetical (treated as mere meteorological detail), not lexical.
Yhwh Rapha
Approved rendering: el SEÑOR que te sana
Transliteration: YHWH Ropheka (Heb.); egō kyrios ho iōmenos se (LXX Gk.)
Doctrine: God’s Provision in the Wilderness
Rejected alternatives: cualquier fórmula de tipo talismán/amuleto sanador
Original: יְהוָה רֹפְאֶךָ
Category: God
Ex 15:26. SYNCRETISM RISK: in regions with active curanderismo and Afro-diasporic healing practices, risks assimilation into a folk-healing framework of ritual cures. Must be taught as covenant-relational healing tied to obedience to God’s word, not a formula or ritual-healer’s power.
Kingdom Of Priests
Approved rendering: reino de sacerdotes / real sacerdocio
Transliteration: mamlechet kohanim (Heb.); basileion hierateuma (LXX Gk.)
Doctrine: Election of Israel as a Treasured, Priestly People
Rejected alternatives: ‘sacerdocio’ sin nota aclaratoria (colisión con el sacerdocio ordenado católico)
Original: מַמְלֶכֶת כֹּהֲנִים
Category: Mediator
Ex 19:6. Must be taught with an explicit clarifying note distinguishing Israel’s corporate priestly-nation calling (and its NT fulfillment in 1 Pedro 2:9’s universal priesthood of believers) from the ordained, celibate, sacramentally-empowered Catholic priesthood, without denying legitimate continuity (‘mediated access to God’).
Holy Nation
Approved rendering: nación santa
Transliteration: goy qadosh (Heb.); ethnos hagion (LXX Gk.)
Doctrine: Holiness and the Fear of the Lord
Original: גּוֹי קָדוֹשׁ
Category: Holiness
Ex 19:6. The closest OT analogue to the baseline’s Critical ‘saints’ caution (Romans 1:7), here applied corporately at the national-covenant level; reuse the santo root exactly.
Treasured Possession
Approved rendering: posesión atesorada / pueblo especial
Transliteration: am segullah (Heb.); laos periousios (LXX Gk.)
Doctrine: Election of Israel as a Treasured, Priestly People
Original: עַם סְגֻלָּה
Category: Salvation
Ex 19:5. Reinforces the baseline’s elección doctrine at a national-covenant level.
Jealous God
Approved rendering: Dios celoso
Transliteration: El Qanna (Heb.); theos zēlōtēs (LXX Gk.)
Doctrine: Holiness and the Fear of the Lord
Rejected alternatives: ‘celoso’ sin glosa (riesgo de leerse como celos posesivos humanos)
Original: אֵל קַנָּא
Category: God
Ex 20:5; 34:14. Everyday Spanish ‘celoso’ strongly connotes possessive romantic jealousy; MUST be explicitly glossed as righteous covenant exclusivity/zeal, never psychological insecurity.
Graven Image
Approved rendering: ídolo / imagen de talla
Transliteration: pesel (Heb.); eidōlon / glypton (LXX Gk.)
Doctrine: Holiness and the Fear of the Lord
Original: פֶּסֶל
Category: Holiness
Ex 20:4,23; 32:4,8. Requires careful, respectful pastoral distinction from religious-statuary veneration practices (santos, la Virgen) common in the destination culture — teach the text’s own claim without either overstating or flattening the comparison.
Book Of Covenant
Approved rendering: el libro del pacto
Transliteration: sefer ha-berit (Heb.); biblion diathēkēs (LXX Gk.)
Doctrine: The Mosaic Covenant and Law
Original: סֵפֶר הַבְּרִית
Category: Covenant
Ex 24:7. Extends the Mosaic Covenant doctrine into concrete case law governing daily life.
Veil Sanctuary
Approved rendering: velo / cortina
Transliteration: parochet (Heb.); katapetasma (LXX Gk.)
Doctrine: The Tabernacle and God’s Presence
Original: פָּרֹכֶת
Category: Tabernacle
Ex 26:31-33; 40:21. A DIFFERENT Hebrew word from the veil over Moses’ face (see veil_moses_face) — do not conflate the two under the single Spanish word ‘velo’; note the significance of limited OT access, torn at Christ’s death (Mateo 27:51).
High Priest
Approved rendering: sumo sacerdote
Transliteration: kohen ha-gadol (Heb.); archiereus (LXX Gk.)
Doctrine: Priestly Mediation and the High Priesthood
Rejected alternatives: equivalencia sin nota con el sacerdocio ordenado católico
Original: כֹּהֵן הַגָּדוֹל
Category: Mediator
Ex 28:1-3; 29:1-9. Requires a clarifying note distinguishing this OT Levitical office (fulfilled finally in Christ alone) from the Catholic ordained priesthood’s ongoing sacramental role, without denying legitimate conceptual continuity.
Wrath Of God
Approved rendering: ira de Dios
Transliteration: charon aph (Heb.); orgē (LXX Gk.)
Doctrine: Idolatry and Covenant Breach (the Golden Calf)
Rejected alternatives: ira caprichosa/impulsiva
Original: חֲרוֹן אַף
Category: Holiness
Ex 32:10-12; 22:24. Teach as righteous and judicial, necessary counterpart to grace and atonement doctrines.
Merciful
Approved rendering: misericordioso
Transliteration: rachum (Heb.); oiktirmōn (LXX Gk.)
Doctrine: God’s Mercy and Justice Proclaimed (Exodus 34:6-7)
Original: רַחוּם
Category: God
Ex 34:6. Component of the fixed proclamation_of_name formula.
Filled With Spirit Craftsmanship
Approved rendering: lleno del Espíritu (de Dios)
Transliteration: ruach (Heb.); pneuma (LXX Gk.)
Doctrine: Spirit-Empowerment for Service (Tabernacle Craftsmanship)
Rejected alternatives: implicar el patrón pleno de regeneración neotestamentaria sin nota
Original: רוּח (with ‘de Dios/de sabiduría’)
Category: God
Ex 31:1-6; 35:30-35. A genuine, personal work of the same Holy Spirit in a distinct mode (equipping for skilled labor/service) from the NT’s fuller indwelling/regenerating/sanctifying ministry of Romans 8. Teach real continuity without equating the two modes.
Fear Of God
Approved rendering: temor de Dios / temor del SEÑOR
Transliteration: yir’at Elohim / yir’at YHWH (Heb.); phobos tou theou (LXX Gk.)
Doctrine: Holiness and the Fear of the Lord
Rejected alternatives: miedo a Dios (terror servil)
Original: יִרְאַת אֱלֹהִים / יִרְאַת יְהוָה
Category: Holiness
Ex 1:17; 20:18-20. Must be taught as reverent awe producing obedience, not servile terror nor vague respectfulness.
Holy Ground
Approved rendering: tierra santa
Transliteration: admat qodesh (Heb.); gē hagia (LXX Gk.)
Doctrine: Holiness and the Fear of the Lord
Original: אַדְמַת קֹדֶשׁ
Category: Holiness
Ex 3:5. Holiness flows from God’s presence, not from the physical location itself; teach the derivative-holiness principle explicitly given the destination culture’s popular-piety attachment to sacred sites and shrines.
Mediator Moses
Approved rendering: mediador
Transliteration: (no single fixed Heb. term; conceptual title)
Doctrine: Moses as Mediator and Deliverer
Rejected alternatives: libertador como título doctrinal capitalizado (colisión directa con ‘El Libertador,’ Simón Bolívar, y con otros héroes de la independencia latinoamericana)
New registry entry per the Linguistic Gap Analysis’s forward recommendation. Prefer ‘mediador’ as Moses’ primary doctrinal title. ‘Libertador’ (lowercase) may be used only as an occasional descriptive word for the historical deliverance narrative, never as a capitalized doctrinal title, and never without explicit disambiguation from the Bolívar/independence-hero association, which is a live, high-salience civic reference across most of the target region.
Medium Risk Terms
Holy
Approved rendering: santo
Transliteration: hagios (LXX Gk.); qadosh (Heb.)
Doctrine: Sanctification
Rejected alternatives: puro en sentido ritual
INHERITED FROM ROMANS PACKAGE. Exodus extension: Ex 3:5 (holy ground); throughout tabernacle material; Ex 19:6 (holy nation) — root of Exodus’s ‘Holiness and the Fear of the Lord’ curriculum doctrine (High at the doctrine level; see holy_nation and holy_ground entries below for the escalated national/derivative-holiness senses).
Called
Approved rendering: llamado
Transliteration: klētos (LXX Gk.); qara (Heb.)
Doctrine: Divine Calling
Rejected alternatives: convocado (bureaucratic/legal register)
INHERITED FROM ROMANS PACKAGE. Exodus extension: Ex 3:4 (Moses called by name).
Glory
Approved rendering: gloria
Transliteration: doxa (LXX Gk.); kavod (Heb.)
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
INHERITED FROM ROMANS PACKAGE (baseline term-level risk retained as Medium). Exodus extension: Ex 16:7,10; 24:16-17; 33:18-22; 40:34-35 — the term escalates in practical weight across Exodus, culminating in the book’s climactic verse (see glory_filled_tabernacle below, rated Critical at that specific occurrence).
Sin
Approved rendering: pecado
Transliteration: hamartia (LXX Gk.); chata (Heb.)
Doctrine: Universal Human Accountability
Rejected alternatives: falta (minimizing euphemism common in pastoral speech)
INHERITED FROM ROMANS PACKAGE. Exodus extension: Ex 32 (golden calf); Ex 34:7,9. Never soften to ‘falta.‘
Power Of God
Approved rendering: poder de Dios
Transliteration: dynamis theou (LXX/NT Gk.); yad chazaqah / zeroa netuyah (Heb.)
Doctrine: Power of God for Salvation
INHERITED FROM ROMANS PACKAGE. Exodus extension: Ex 9:16; 15:6 — demonstrated through the plagues and the sea.
Mission
Approved rendering: misión
Transliteration: apostolē / pempō (LXX/NT Gk.)
Doctrine: Mission to the Nations
INHERITED FROM ROMANS PACKAGE. Exodus extension: conceptually present in Israel’s priestly-nation calling (Ex 19:6) to mediate God’s knowledge to the nations. ‘Misión’ still carries the baseline’s noted mild colonial-mission association; brief contextual note recommended.
Signs And Wonders
Approved rendering: señales y prodigios
Transliteration: otot u-moftim (Heb.); sēmeia kai terata (LXX Gk.)
Doctrine: The Character and Name of God (I AM)
Original: אֹתוֹת וּמוֹפְתִים
Category: God
Miraculous acts authenticating YHWH’s word and superiority over Egypt’s gods; standard, low ambiguity.
Bitter Herbs
Approved rendering: hierbas amargas
Transliteration: merorim (Heb.); pikrides (LXX Gk.)
Doctrine: Passover and Substitutionary Atonement
Original: מְרֹרִים
Category: Passover
Ex 12:8. Memorializes the bitterness of Egyptian bondage; needs contextual explanation, not lexical caution.
Memorial
Approved rendering: memorial
Transliteration: zikkaron (Heb.); mnēmosynon (LXX Gk.)
Doctrine: Passover and Substitutionary Atonement
Original: זִכָּרוֹן
Category: Passover
Ex 12:14; 13:9. Perpetual, participatory corporate remembrance, not mere historical record.
Circumcision
Approved rendering: circuncisión
Transliteration: mul (Heb.); peritemnō (LXX Gk.)
Doctrine: Covenant Boundary and Inclusion (Circumcision and the Sojourner)
Original: מוּל
Category: Covenant
Ex 12:44,48. Covenant-boundary marker required before a foreigner may eat the Passover; background for later NT circumcision/faith debates.
Sojourner
Approved rendering: extranjero / forastero
Transliteration: ger (Heb.); paroikos (LXX Gk.)
Doctrine: Covenant Boundary and Inclusion (Circumcision and the Sojourner)
Rejected alternatives: conflación con ‘gentiles’ sin nota aclaratoria
Original: גֵּר
Category: Church
Ex 12:19,48-49; 22:21; 23:9. A resident-alien category distinct from ‘gentiles/las naciones’ at large; do not conflate without a clarifying note.
Congregation Of Israel
Approved rendering: congregación / comunidad de Israel
Transliteration: edah (Heb.); synagōgē (LXX Gk.)
Doctrine: Passover and Substitutionary Atonement
Original: עֵדָה
Category: Church
Ex 12:3. The whole covenant people gathered corporately for the Passover ordinance; ensure not read through a modern denominational-congregation lens.
Bread From Heaven
Approved rendering: pan del cielo
Transliteration: lechem min-hashamayim (Heb.); artos ek tou ouranou (LXX Gk.)
Doctrine: God’s Provision in the Wilderness
Original: לֶחֶם מִן־הַשָּׁמַיִם
Category: Provision
God’s direct, daily provision; direct typological bridge to Christ as the Bread of Life.
The Rock
Approved rendering: la Roca
Transliteration: tsur (Heb.); petra (LXX Gk.)
Doctrine: God’s Provision in the Wilderness
Original: צוּר
Category: God
Ex 17:6. Ties into messianic typology already present in the curriculum library (1 Corintios 10:4).
Yhwh Nissi
Approved rendering: el SEÑOR es mi bandera
Transliteration: YHWH Nissi (Heb.); kyrios mou kataphygē (LXX Gk.)
Doctrine: The Character and Name of God (I AM)
Original: יְהוָה נִסִּי
Category: God
Ex 17:15. A compound covenant-victory name; retain transliterated form in teacher-facing notes only.
Judges
Approved rendering: jueces
Transliteration: shophetim (Heb.); kritai (LXX Gk.)
Doctrine: Moses as Mediator and Deliverer
Original: שֹׁפְטִים
Category: Mediator
Ex 18:13-26. Delegated governmental/mediatorial structure, beginning the delegation of Moses’ sole burden without diminishing his unique Sinai role.
Covet
Approved rendering: codiciar
Transliteration: chamad (Heb.); epithymeō (LXX Gk.)
Doctrine: The Mosaic Covenant and Law
Original: חָמַד
Category: Law
Ex 20:17. Extends the Law’s demand to the heart’s internal orientation.
Eye For Eye
Approved rendering: ojo por ojo
Transliteration: ayin tachat ayin (Heb.); ophthalmon anti ophthalmou (LXX Gk.)
Doctrine: The Mosaic Covenant and Law
Rejected alternatives: respaldo de la venganza personal
Original: עַיִן תַּחַת עַיִן
Category: Law
Ex 21:24. Judicial proportionality principle administered by courts, not personal vengeance; later contrasted (not contradicted) by Mateo 5:38-39.
Hebrew Servant
Approved rendering: siervo hebreo
Transliteration: eved ivri (Heb.); pais Hebraios (LXX Gk.)
Doctrine: The Mosaic Covenant and Law
Original: עֶבֶד עִבְרִי
Category: Law
Regulations humanizing/limiting servitude among Israelites; teach the redemption-shapes-ethics principle.
Annual Feasts
Approved rendering: las fiestas solemnes
Transliteration: chag ha-matzot / chag ha-qatsir / chag ha-asif (Heb.)
Doctrine: Passover and Substitutionary Atonement
Original: חַג הַמַּצּוֹת / חַג הַקָּצִיר / חַג הָאָסִיף
Category: Law
The three pilgrimage feasts, extending Passover’s calendrical logic into the whole covenant year.
Cherubim
Approved rendering: querubines
Transliteration: kerubim (Heb.); cheroubim (LXX Gk.)
Doctrine: The Tabernacle and God’s Presence
Rejected alternatives: angelitos (imagen de tipo ‘querubín bebé’ que distorsiona el texto)
Original: כְּרוּבִים
Category: Tabernacle
Ex 25:18-20; 37:7-9. Awesome guardian figures, not decorative infants; brief clarifying note recommended.
Anointing Oil Incense
Approved rendering: aceite de la unción / incienso
Transliteration: shemen ha-mishchah / qetoret (Heb.)
Doctrine: Priestly Mediation and the High Priesthood
Original: שֶׁמֶן הַמִּשְׁחָה / קְטֹרֶת
Category: Tabernacle
Ritual elements of tabernacle worship; teach the text’s specific meaning (prayer ascending, priestly mediation, cf. Salmo 141:2) on its own terms.
Veil Moses Face
Approved rendering: velo (sobre el rostro de Moisés)
Transliteration: masveh (Heb.); kalymma (LXX Gk.)
Doctrine: The Character and Name of God (I AM)
Original: מַסְוֶה
Category: God
Ex 34:33-35. A DIFFERENT Hebrew word from the sanctuary veil (veil_sanctuary, parochet) — Spanish uses ‘velo’ for both; a teaching note (not a translation change) is required to prevent conflation, especially given 2 Corintios 3:13-16’s typological use of this specific veil.
Tent Of Meeting
Approved rendering: tienda de reunión
Transliteration: ohel mo’ed (Heb.); skēnē tou martyriou (LXX Gk.)
Doctrine: The Tabernacle and God’s Presence
Original: אֹהֶל מוֹעֵד
Category: Tabernacle
Ex 33:7-11. A provisional meeting-place distinct from the not-yet-built tabernacle, showing the seriousness of the golden-calf breach.
Lord Will Fight
Approved rendering: el SEÑOR peleará por vosotros
Transliteration: YHWH ish milchamah (Heb., Ex 15:3); kyrios polemēsei (LXX Gk. sense)
Doctrine: The Exodus as Redemption
Ex 14:14; 15:3. God as Israel’s warrior-deliverer, requiring no military contribution from the people; reinforces Moses-as-instrument-not-independent-hero framing.
Cry Of The Oppressed
Approved rendering: clamor / gemido
Transliteration: ne’aqah / ze’aqah (Heb.); kraugē / stenagmos (LXX Gk.)
Doctrine: The Exodus as Redemption
Ex 2:23-25; 3:7,9. Israel’s suffering ascends to God as a cry that moves Him to act — redemption is God’s initiative responding to helpless crying, not human achievement.
Plague
Approved rendering: plaga / mortandad
Transliteration: negeph (Heb.); plēgē / olethros (LXX Gk.)
Doctrine: Passover and Substitutionary Atonement
Ex 9:14; 12:13. cf. also ‘the destroyer’ (mashchit) at Ex 12:23; standard, straightforward chronological/narrative vocabulary.
Sign
Approved rendering: señal
Transliteration: ot (Heb.); sēmeion (LXX Gk.)
Doctrine: Passover and Substitutionary Atonement
Ex 3:12; 4:8-9; 12:13. A divinely appointed, visible marker; faith made visible through obedient action (applying the blood), not merely private belief.
Haste
Approved rendering: apresuradamente / con premura
Transliteration: chippazon (Heb.); meta spoudēs (LXX Gk.)
Doctrine: Passover and Substitutionary Atonement
Ex 12:11. A posture of readiness and faith-filled obedience awaiting God’s imminent redemptive act.
Low Risk Terms
Prophet
Approved rendering: profeta
Transliteration: prophētēs (LXX Gk.); navi (Heb.)
Doctrine: Inspiration of Scripture
Rejected alternatives: vidente, adivino
INHERITED FROM ROMANS PACKAGE. Exodus extension: Moses functions prophetically throughout; explicit prophetic-office language appears more fully in Deuteronomio 18:15-18.
Israel
Approved rendering: Israel
Transliteration: Israēl (LXX Gk.); Yisra’el (Heb.)
Doctrine: Unity of Jews and Gentiles
INHERITED FROM ROMANS PACKAGE. Standard proper name throughout Exodus.
Gentiles
Approved rendering: gentiles
Transliteration: ethnē (LXX/NT Gk.)
Doctrine: Unity of Jews and Gentiles
Rejected alternatives: paganos (pejorative in modern Spanish)
INHERITED FROM ROMANS PACKAGE. Within Exodus itself the more precise category is the resident sojourner (see sojourner below, ger) — do not conflate the two without a clarifying note distinguishing ‘extranjero residente dentro de Israel’ from ‘las naciones’ at large.
Egyptian Magicians
Approved rendering: magos / hechiceros
Transliteration: chartummim (Heb.); epaoidoi (LXX Gk.)
Doctrine: Divine Judgment on the Gods of Egypt
Original: חַרְטֻמִּים
Category: God
Egypt’s magician-priest establishment, defeated by YHWH’s superior power.
Mixed Multitude
Approved rendering: multitud mixta
Transliteration: erev rav (Heb.); epimiktos (LXX Gk.)
Doctrine: Covenant Boundary and Inclusion (Circumcision and the Sojourner)
Original: עֵרֶב רַב
Category: Church
Non-Israelites who departed Egypt with Israel; minor narrative detail.
Manna
Approved rendering: maná
Transliteration: man (Heb.); manna (LXX Gk.)
Doctrine: God’s Provision in the Wilderness
Original: מָן
Category: Provision
Ex 16:4,15,31,35. Fully naturalized Spanish loanword; needs explanatory gloss, no destination-culture collision. Type of Christ, ‘el pan verdadero del cielo’ (Juan 6:32-35).
Freewill Offering
Approved rendering: ofrenda voluntaria
Transliteration: nedavah (Heb.); hekousion (LXX Gk.)
Doctrine: The Tabernacle and God’s Presence
Original: נְדָבָה
Category: Tabernacle
Ex 35:21,29; 36:3. Contrast with forced labor under Pharaoh (chs. 1, 5) — redeemed people give willingly.
Staff Rod
Approved rendering: vara / bastón
Transliteration: matteh (Heb.); rhabdos (LXX Gk.)
Doctrine: Moses as Mediator and Deliverer
Original: מַטֶּה
Category: Mediator
Moses’ shepherd’s staff, an instrument of delegated divine authority and judgment.
Marah Bitterness
Approved rendering: amargura (Mara)
Transliteration: marah (Heb.); pikria (LXX Gk.)
Doctrine: God’s Provision in the Wilderness
Ex 15:23-25. Place name and theme; sets up the wilderness-testing motif.
Red Sea
Approved rendering: Mar Rojo
Transliteration: Yam Suph (Heb., lit. ‘Sea of Reeds’); erythra thalassa (LXX Gk.)
Doctrine: The Exodus as Redemption
Ex 14-15. Geographic identity debated among scholars but doctrinally immaterial; use the fixed traditional Spanish Bible rendering ‘Mar Rojo.‘
Moses Name
Approved rendering: Moisés
Transliteration: Mosheh (Heb., ‘drawn out’); Mōusēs (LXX Gk.)
Doctrine: Moses as Mediator and Deliverer
Ex 2:10. Standard, fixed Spanish Bible proper name; the narrative etymology (‘drawn out of water’) foreshadows Moses as the one who himself draws Israel out of bondage — teach as a note only, not a translation choice.
Doorposts Lintel
Approved rendering: dintel y postes de la puerta
Transliteration: mashqof / mezuzot (Heb.); phlia (LXX Gk.)
Doctrine: Passover and Substitutionary Atonement
Ex 12:7,22-23. Architectural terms; the sign is publicly visible on the house, marking a household set apart by faith-obedience.
Household Family
Approved rendering: casa paterna / familia
Transliteration: beit avot (Heb.); oikos patriōn (LXX Gk.)
Doctrine: Passover and Substitutionary Atonement
Ex 12:3-4. Redemption is mediated through the family unit; every household must have its own substitute.
Torah Corpus
Approved rendering: Torá
Transliteration: torah (Heb.)
Doctrine: The Mosaic Covenant and Law
Reserve ‘Torá’ only for corpus-level references to the Pentateuch as a five-book unit; use ‘ley’ (the fixed baseline rendering) for covenant-law content itself, per the linguistic gap analysis.
Referenced passages