Core Glossary
Core Glossary — Jude (Judas) | English–Spanish
This glossary catalogs every load-bearing theological term in Jude 1:1–25 (the entire book — Jude is a single chapter). Terms already present in the baseline Romans translation_memory.json are marked [BASELINE REUSE] and MUST be rendered exactly as recorded there; no alternative may be substituted. New terms introduced by Jude are marked [NEW] and are proposed here for addition to translation memory at the indicated risk tier, per the “New Term Discovery” procedure in 12_ai_translation_requirements.md.
A. Baseline Terms Reused Exactly (no new decision required)
| English Term | Spanish Rendering | Risk (baseline) | Jude Verse(s) | Note for Jude Context |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| grace | gracia | High | 1:4 | Direct grace-vs-license contrast; cross-flag with Romans 6:1, 11:5-6 validation rule |
| faith | fe | High | 1:3, 1:20 | Sense extends toward “body of apostolic doctrine,” not only personal trust; teach both senses |
| salvation / save | salvación / salvar | Critical | 1:3, 1:5, 1:23, 1:25 | ”Common salvation” (1:3); Exodus type (1:5); “save, snatching from fire” (1:23); “God our Savior” (1:25) |
| saints | santos | Critical | 1:3 | ”The faith…delivered to the saints” — same all-believers note required as baseline |
| holy | santo | Medium-High | 1:14, 1:20 | ”Santas miríadas” (angelic hosts); “santísima fe” (superlative) |
| called | llamado(s) | High | 1:1 | Reuse exactly; never “vocación” |
| Lord | Señor | Critical | 1:4, 1:5, 1:9, 1:14, 1:17, 1:21, 1:25 | Highest-frequency Critical term in the letter; appears in the “único Soberano y Señor” formula (1:4) denied by false teachers |
| Jesus / Jesus Christ | Jesús / Jesucristo | Critical | throughout | No variant-form risk |
| God | Dios | Critical | throughout | No rival deity-name risk |
| Holy Spirit | Espíritu Santo | Critical | 1:19, 1:20 | The decisive marker distinguishing true believers from false teachers who “do not have the Spirit” |
| Father | Padre | Critical | 1:1 | ”Beloved in God the Father” |
| glory | gloria | Medium-High | 1:8 (dignidades, distinct referent — flag), 1:24, 1:25 | v. 8’s plural “glories” refers to created glorious beings, NOT God’s own gloria — do not conflate |
| peace | paz | Medium | 1:2 | Standard greeting usage |
| exhort | exhortar | Low | 1:3 | ”Parakalōn” |
| apostle | apóstol | Low | 1:17 | ”Words spoken beforehand by the apostles” |
| prophesy / prophecy | profetizar / profecía | Low (elevated to High at 1:14 — see below) | 1:14 | Elevated risk in this specific verse due to extrabiblical (1 Enoch) source quoted |
| sin | pecado | Medium | 1:15 (ἁμαρτωλοί) | “Ungodly sinners” |
| election-adjacent language | (no baseline term; see “señalados de antemano,” new) | — | 1:4 | Cross-reference baseline election caution against fatalistic “destino” framing |
B. New Terms Introduced by Jude (proposed translation memory additions)
| English Term | Spanish Rendering | Greek / Transliteration | Proposed Risk | Doctrine | Verse(s) | Alternatives Rejected | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| servant/bondservant | siervo | δοῦλος / doulos | Medium | Apostleship/Authorship | 1:1 | ”esclavo” (more literal but breaks established Spanish Bible convention of Romanos 1:1, Santiago 1:1) | Establishes authorial humility and authority; keep consistent with existing NT epistolary convention |
| James (the Lord’s brother) | Santiago | Ἰάκωβος / Iakōbos | Medium | Apostleship/Authorship | 1:1 | ”Jacobo” (literal cognate, but breaks link to “la Epístola de Santiago” and Acts 15’s James) | Naming-convention consistency issue, not a doctrinal one, but High-impact for reader comprehension |
| mercy | misericordia | ἔλεος / eleos | High | Mercy and Rescue of the Wavering | 1:2, 1:21, 1:22 | none rejected; risk is devotional-association, not lexical substitution | Collision risk with the specific “Divina Misericordia” (Faustina Kowalska / Divine Mercy Sunday) devotional apparatus prevalent in contemporary Hispanic Catholic piety; teach as God’s general compassionate character and Christ’s direct rescue, not the chaplet/image devotion |
| to contend for | contender | ἐπαγωνίζεσθαι / epagōnizesthai | High | Contending for the Faith Once Delivered | 1:3 | ”defender” (too passive), “creer” (loses combative force) | Athletic-combat metaphor; must convey vigorous, effortful struggle |
| once for all delivered | una vez para siempre entregada | ἅπαξ παραδοθείσῃ / hapax paradotheisē | Critical | Contending for the Faith Once Delivered | 1:3 | ”que se sigue transmitiendo/desarrollando” (implies ongoing, developing Tradition — rejected) | Direct fault line with the Catholic “depósito de la fe” as an organically developing Tradition; Jude’s ἅπαξ demands a closed, completed, non-additive deposit |
| ungodly / ungodliness | impío / impiedad | ἀσεβής, ἀσέβεια / asebēs, asebeia | High | Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers | 1:4, 1:15 (×4), 1:18 | ”malo,” “pecador” (too generic; loses the specific God-defiance sense) | Central descriptor of the false teachers; the fourfold repetition in v. 15 must be preserved, not varied away |
| licentiousness | lascivia / libertinaje | ἀσέλγεια / aselgeia | Medium-High | Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers | 1:4 | none rejected | Direct object of grace’s perversion; pairs with the grace-license validation rule |
| only Sovereign/Master | único Soberano | δεσπότης / despotēs | Critical | Contending for the Faith / Lordship of Christ | 1:4 | ”amo” (mundane master-slave connotation, loses theological force) | Rare, stronger-than-κύριος exclusive-ownership title; denied by the false teachers |
| marked out beforehand for judgment | señalados de antemano para esta condenación | προγεγραμμένοι / progegrammenoi | High | Judgment / Election-adjacent | 1:4 | ”destinados” alone (risks fatalistic “destino” framing per baseline election caution) | Must be taught alongside the false teachers’ clear moral culpability |
| judgment (of the great day) | juicio (del gran día) | κρίσις / krisis | High | Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers | 1:6, 1:9, 1:15 | none rejected | Recurs as the letter’s controlling eschatological category |
| eternal (chains) | eterno(s)/perpetuo(s) | ἀΐδιος / aïdios | Medium | Old Testament Warnings as Types (Angels) | 1:6 | none rejected | Rarer synonym of αἰώνιος; both mean “eternal” but note the lexical distinctness |
| eternal fire | fuego eterno | πῦρ αἰώνιον / pyr aiōnion | High | Old Testament Warnings as Types (Sodom) / Judgment | 1:7 | ”fuego purificador temporal” (rejected — collides with a purgatorial framework that undermines the point of final, unending judgment) | Must not be softened toward Purgatory-adjacent temporary/remedial fire |
| Michael the archangel | Miguel el arcángel | Μιχαὴλ ὁ ἀρχάγγελος / Michaēl ho archangelos | High | Old Testament Warnings as Types (Angels) | 1:9 | none rejected as a name; risk is devotional overlay | Popular veneration of St. Michael (prayer against the devil, patron protector) risks overshadowing the text’s actual point — Michael’s restraint in deferring judgment to God |
| dreaming / dreamers | soñando / en sus fantasías | ἐνυπνιαζόμενοι / enypniazomenoi | Medium | Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers | 1:8 | none rejected | Claimed visionary authority as basis for false teaching; relevant to modern claims of private revelation superseding apostolic teaching |
| reject authority/lordship | rechazan la autoridad/el señorío | κυριότητα ἀθετοῦσιν / kyriotēta athetousin | High | Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers / Lordship of Christ | 1:8 | none rejected | Cognate with κύριος; cross-reference Lordship of Christ (Critical, baseline) |
| natural/soulish (without the Spirit) | carnales / sin el Espíritu | ψυχικοί / psychikoi | High | Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers | 1:19 | ”sensuales” alone (loses the technical soul-vs-Spirit anthropological distinction) | Same technical term-family as 1 Corinthians 2:14’s “natural man”; must not collapse into a purely sexual-sin connotation |
| love feasts | ágapes / banquetes de amor fraternal | ἀγάπαι / agapai | Medium-High | Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers (context) | 1:12 | ”comunión eucarística” (rejected — risks conflating with sacramental Eucharistic theology) | Distinct technical plural from singular “amor”; historically related to, but distinct from, the Lord’s Supper |
| hidden reefs / blemishes | manchas / escollos | σπιλάδες / spilades | Medium | (contextual) | 1:12 | none rejected; genuine lexical ambiguity flagged | Record alternative rendering per ambiguity-handling protocol |
| shepherding themselves | se pastorean a sí mismos | ἑαυτοὺς ποιμαίνοντες / heautous poimainontes | Medium | Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers | 1:12 | none rejected | Ensure the self-serving inversion is clear, not read as a critique of the pastoral office itself |
| wandering stars | estrellas errantes | ἀστέρες πλανῆται / asteres planētai | Medium | Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers | 1:13 | none rejected | Avoid accidental astrological/horoscope resonance per baseline prophecy caution |
| Enoch (extrabiblical prophecy) | Enoc | Ἑνώχ / Henōch | High | Old Testament Warnings as Types / Inspiration of Scripture | 1:14 | none rejected as a name; risk is canonical-status confusion | Jude cites 1 Enoch’s wording as a true prophetic statement without canonizing that book — teach explicitly, parallel to Paul’s citation of pagan poets |
| scoffers | burladores | ἐμπαῖκται / empaiktai | Medium | Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers | 1:18 | none rejected | Eschatological last-days motif |
| those who cause divisions | los que causan divisiones | ἀποδιορίζοντες / apodiorizontes | Medium | Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers | 1:19 | ”los que se separan” (alternative sense flagged, genuine ambiguity) | Record alternative rendering per ambiguity-handling protocol |
| keep yourselves in the love of God | guardaos en el amor de Dios | ἑαυτοὺς ἐν ἀγάπῃ θεοῦ τηρήσατε / heautous en agapē theou tērēsate | High | Kept by God and Presented Blameless | 1:21 | ”guardaos mediante vuestros propios méritos” (rejected — merit-based self-preservation framing) | Human responsibility exercised within divine preservation, not apart from it |
| eternal life | vida eterna | ζωὴν αἰώνιον / zōēn aiōnion | High | Kept by God and Presented Blameless | 1:21 | none rejected | Core soteriological term parallel in weight to salvación; add to translation memory at High risk |
| those who doubt/waver | los que dudan / vacilan | διακρινομένους / diakrinomenous | High | Mercy and Rescue of the Wavering | 1:22 | ”los que están en error doctrinal” (too narrow — loses the “wavering/uncertain,” not-yet-settled-apostate sense) | Names the doctrine directly; textual-variant complexity flagged for translator note |
| snatching (from the fire) | arrebatando(los) | ἁρπάζοντες / harpazontes | High | Mercy and Rescue of the Wavering | 1:23 | none rejected | Urgent, forceful rescue imagery paired with reused salvar |
| garment stained by the flesh | ropa manchada por la carne | ἐσπιλωμένον χιτῶνα / espilōmenon chitōna | Medium | Mercy and Rescue of the Wavering | 1:23 | reading as ceremonial/ritual-purity code (rejected per baseline holy caution) | Moral, not ceremonial, contamination is in view |
| able to keep you from stumbling | guardaros sin caída | φυλάξαι … ἀπταίστους / phylaxai … aptaistous | High | Kept by God and Presented Blameless | 1:24 | none rejected | Different verb (φυλάσσω) from the letter’s recurring τηρέω; same doctrinal theme — map to same “guardar/preservar” semantic field |
| present … blameless before his glory | presentaros sin mancha delante de su gloria | στῆσαι … ἀμώμους κατενώπιον τῆς δόξης / stēsai … amōmous katenōpion tēs doxēs | Critical | Kept by God and Presented Blameless | 1:24 | ”purificados progresivamente mediante mérito” (rejected — Tridentine infused-righteousness framing, same fault line as baseline imputed_righteousness) | Sacrificial-quality “unblemished” standing, conferred by God’s keeping power, not self-achieved |
| our Savior | Salvador nuestro | σωτήρ / sōtēr | Critical | Doxology and God’s Preserving Power | 1:25 | ”uno de los salvadores/mediadores” (rejected — exclusivity denied) | Cross-reference with baseline saints/intercession Critical entries: God alone, through Christ alone, saves |
| through Jesus Christ our Lord (sole mediation) | por medio de Jesucristo nuestro Señor | διὰ Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ τοῦ κυρίου ἡμῶν / dia Iēsou Christou tou kyriou hēmōn | Critical | Doxology and God’s Preserving Power | 1:25 | any formula implying additional co-mediators (saints, Virgin) | Exclusive-mediation clause; cross-flag with baseline intercession (Critical) |
| dominion | dominio | κράτος / kratos | Low-Medium | Doxology and God’s Preserving Power | 1:25 | none rejected | Distinguish from baseline poder de Dios (δύναμις, “capability”); κράτος stresses ruling might exercised |
| authority | autoridad | ἐξουσία / exousia | Medium | Doxology and God’s Preserving Power | 1:25 | none rejected | Same word used for governing authorities in Romans 13:1; here ascribed to God as ultimate source of all derived authority |
| majesty | majestad | μεγαλωσύνη / megalōsynē | Low | Doxology and God’s Preserving Power | 1:25 | none rejected | Standard doxological term |
C. Proper Names (Low risk, established forms)
| English | Spanish | Greek / Transliteration | Verse(s) | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jude | Judas | Ἰούδας / Ioudas | 1:1 | Established Spanish Bible book/author name; not to be confused with Judas Iscariot — clarify in introductory material |
| Egypt | Egipto | Αἴγυπτος / Aigyptos | 1:5 | Standard |
| Sodom and Gomorrah | Sodoma y Gomorra | Σόδομα καὶ Γόμορρα / Sodoma kai Gomorra | 1:7 | Standard |
| Moses | Moisés | Μωϋσῆς / Mōysēs | 1:9 | Reuse established form per 12_ai_translation_requirements.md transliteration standards |
| Cain | Caín | Κάϊν / Kain | 1:11 | Requires OT background catechesis |
| Balaam | Balaam | Βαλαάμ / Balaam | 1:11 | Requires OT background catechesis (Numbers 22-25, 31) |
| Korah | Coré | Κόρε / Kore | 1:11 | Requires OT background catechesis (Numbers 16) |
| Adam | Adán | Ἀδάμ / Adam | 1:14 | Standard |
| Enoch | Enoc | Ἑνώχ / Henōch | 1:14 | See High-risk canonicity note above |
D. Doctrine Coverage Cross-Check
Every doctrine named in the curriculum parameters is represented by at least one Critical or High risk term in this glossary:
| Curriculum Doctrine | Anchoring Term(s) in this Glossary |
|---|---|
| Contending for the Faith Once Delivered | ἐπαγωνίζεσθαι (contender, High); ἅπαξ παραδοθείσῃ (una vez para siempre entregada, Critical) |
| Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers | ἀσέβεια (impiedad, High); κρίσις (juicio, High); πῦρ αἰώνιον (fuego eterno, High) |
| Old Testament Warnings as Types (Israel, Angels, Sodom) | σώσας/ἀπώλεσεν (Israel); ἄγγελοι/ἀρχή (Angels); Σόδομα καὶ Γόμορρα, πῦρ αἰώνιον (Sodom) |
| Mercy and Rescue of the Wavering | ἔλεος (misericordia, High); διακρινομένους (los que dudan, High); ἁρπάζοντες (arrebatando, High) |
| Kept by God and Presented Blameless | τηρέω/φυλάσσω (guardar, High); ἄμωμος (sin mancha, Critical) |
| Doxology and God’s Preserving Power | σωτήρ (Salvador, Critical); διὰ Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ τοῦ κυρίου ἡμῶν (Critical); κράτος/ἐξουσία (dominio/autoridad) |
All baseline-reused terms above must load from and remain consistent with translation_memory.json. All new terms proposed above are candidates for immediate addition to translation memory (version increment) before Phase 2 segment translation begins, per the New Term Discovery procedure in 12_ai_translation_requirements.md.
Critical Risk Terms
Righteousness
Approved rendering: justicia
Transliteration: dikaiosynē
Doctrine: Salvation
Rejected alternatives: rectitud moral autónoma, mérito acumulado
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Not directly lexicalized in Jude, but retained here because Jude 1:24’s ‘presentaros sin mancha’ (ámōmos) is a sacrificial-quality standing conferred by God, the same conceptual family as this term; cross-reference explicitly in teaching material.
Justification
Approved rendering: justificación
Transliteration: dikaiōsis
Doctrine: Salvation
Rejected alternatives: proceso gradual de purificación interior
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Cross-referenced by Jude 1:24’s ‘presentaros sin mancha delante de su gloria’: the same forensic, conferred-not-earned logic must govern that verse’s teaching, resisting a Tridentine progressive-infusion framing exactly as it does here.
Salvation
Approved rendering: salvación
Transliteration: sōtēria
Doctrine: Salvation
Rejected alternatives: salvarse por buenas obras, merecer el cielo mediante sacramentos y penitencia
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Appears directly in Jude 1:3 (‘nuestra común salvación’), 1:5 (the Exodus, ‘habiendo salvado a un pueblo’), and 1:23 (‘a otros salvad, arrebatándolos del fuego’). Must retain full Critical weight in all three occurrences, including the warning context of 1:5 where the same Lord who saves also judges unbelief.
Saints
Approved rendering: santos
Transliteration: hagioi
Doctrine: Sainthood
Rejected alternatives: los santos (canonizados, objeto de veneración e intercesión)
Original: ἅγιοι
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Jude 1:3: ‘la fe… entregada a los santos’ — every believer, not the canonized/venerated dead. Requires the same explanatory note as the baseline in every occurrence.
Lord
Approved rendering: Señor
Transliteration: kyrios
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: Señor mío (devotional-only, without lordship claim over the whole of life)
Original: κύριος
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. The highest-frequency Critical term in Jude (1:4, 5, 9, 14, 17, 21, 25). In 1:4 it is paired with the new term ‘único Soberano’ (despotēs) in the exact double title the false teachers functionally deny; both titles must appear together, never collapsed into one.
Intercession
Approved rendering: intercesión
Transliteration: enteuxis
Doctrine: Prayer and Intercession
Rejected alternatives: intercesión de los santos o de la Virgen como mediadores necesarios ante Dios
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Not directly lexicalized in Jude, but cross-referenced twice: (1) Jude 1:9, Michael’s restraint before divine authority must not be taught as a model of angelic intercessory mediation; (2) Jude 1:25’s ‘por medio de Jesucristo nuestro Señor’ is an exclusive-mediation formula that must never imply co-mediators alongside Christ.
Jesus
Approved rendering: Jesús
Transliteration: Iēsous
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Always paired as ‘Jesucristo’ when the full title appears in Jude (1:1, 4, 17, 21, 25).
God
Approved rendering: Dios
Transliteration: theos
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Original: θεός
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged.
Father
Approved rendering: Padre
Transliteration: patēr
Doctrine: Adoption into God’s Family
Original: πατήρ
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Jude 1:1: ‘amados en Dios el Padre.‘
Imputed Righteousness
Approved rendering: justicia imputada
Transliteration: elogisthē autō eis dikaiosynēn
Doctrine: Justification by Faith
Rejected alternatives: justicia infundida (Tridentine category of righteousness progressively infused and increased through merit)
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Directly cross-referenced by Jude 1:24’s ‘presentaros sin mancha delante de su gloria’ (new Critical term below), which sits on the identical fault line: a conferred, sacrificial-quality standing, never a progressively achieved, merit-cooperated purification.
Once For All Delivered
Approved rendering: una vez para siempre entregada
Transliteration: hapax paradotheisē
Doctrine: Contending for the Faith Once Delivered
Rejected alternatives: una tradición que se sigue transmitiendo/desarrollando
Original: ἅπαξ παραδοθείσῃ
Category: Faith
NEW. Jude 1:3. The apostolic faith handed down as a completed, closed, non-additive deposit. Direct fault line with the Catholic theological category ‘el depósito de la fe,’ understood as authoritatively interpreted and organically developed through ongoing Sagrada Tradición and the Magisterio. Never soften toward an ongoing/developing-tradition framing.
Only Sovereign
Approved rendering: único Soberano
Transliteration: despotēs
Doctrine: Lordship and Sole Sovereignty of Christ
Rejected alternatives: amo (mundane master-servant connotation, loses theological force)
Original: δεσπότης (μόνον δεσπότην)
Category: Christology
NEW. Jude 1:4. A rarer, stronger-than-kyrios NT title stressing Christ’s exclusive, absolute ownership and authority. Always keep paired tightly with ‘Señor’ in the ‘único Soberano y Señor’ formula so the double title the false teachers deny remains structurally intact. False-friend risk: secular/political ‘soberano’ evokes national sovereignty; fence with the pairing to keep the theological referent unmistakable.
Michael The Archangel
Approved rendering: Miguel el arcángel
Transliteration: Michaēl ho archangelos
Doctrine: Michael’s Restraint and the Danger of Angelic Veneration
Original: Μιχαὴλ ὁ ἀρχάγγελος
Category: Angelology
NEW. Jude 1:9. Devotional-collision risk, not a lexical-substitution issue: Saint Michael is one of the most widely venerated figures in Spanish-speaking Catholic popular piety (the daily-recited ‘Oración a San Miguel Arcángel,’ patron against the devil). The text’s actual point is Michael’s RESTRAINT — deferring judgment to the Lord rather than pronouncing it himself — the opposite of an appeal to his own intercessory power. Teach the narrative point explicitly and separately from the veneration tradition; compounds the baseline’s Critical ‘saints’/‘intercesión’ risk.
Presented Blameless Before His Glory
Approved rendering: presentaros sin mancha delante de su gloria
Transliteration: stēsai katenōpion tēs doxēs autou amōmous
Doctrine: Kept by God and Presented Blameless
Rejected alternatives: purificados progresivamente mediante mérito (rejected — Tridentine infused-righteousness framing, same fault line as ‘imputed_righteousness’)
Original: στῆσαι κατενώπιον τῆς δόξης αὐτοῦ ἀμώμους
Category: Salvation
NEW. Jude 1:24. ‘Amōmos’ is the standard LXX term for an unblemished sacrificial animal, applied here to believers’ final standing before God — a granted, sacrificial-quality standing conferred by the One who keeps (cf. 1:1), not accumulated through progressive, merit-cooperated purification. Directly parallels the baseline’s Critical ‘imputed_righteousness’/‘justification’ fault line.
Our Savior
Approved rendering: Salvador nuestro (al único Dios)
Transliteration: monō theō sōtēri hēmōn
Doctrine: Doxology and God’s Preserving Power
Rejected alternatives: uno de los salvadores/mediadores (rejected — exclusivity denied)
Original: μόνῳ θεῷ σωτῆρι ἡμῶν
Category: Salvation
NEW. Jude 1:25. Exclusive monotheistic ascription. Must not be diminished to ‘un salvador’ among several; cross-reference the baseline’s Critical ‘saints’/‘intercesión’ entries — venerated intercessors of popular piety must never be presented as co-saviors.
Sole Mediation Through Christ
Approved rendering: por medio de Jesucristo nuestro Señor
Transliteration: dia Iēsou Christou tou kyriou hēmōn
Doctrine: Doxology and God’s Preserving Power
Rejected alternatives: any formula implying additional co-mediators (saints, Virgin)
Original: διὰ Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ τοῦ κυρίου ἡμῶν
Category: Christology
NEW. Jude 1:25. Exclusive-mediation formula: glory reaches God through Christ alone. Never compress or drop ‘único’/‘por medio de’ for euphony; cross-flag with the baseline’s Critical ‘intercesión’ doctrine.
High Risk Terms
Grace
Approved rendering: gracia
Transliteration: charis
Doctrine: Grace
Rejected alternatives: favor merecido, recompensa por buenas obras
Original: χάρις
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. In Jude 1:4 this is a direct grace-versus-license contrast passage (the false teachers pervert grace into aselgeia/licentiousness); cross-flag with the baseline’s Romans 4:4-5, 6:1, 6:14-15, and 11:5-6 validation rule so ‘gracia’ never drifts toward an infused, merit-cooperated reading in this rebuke.
Faith
Approved rendering: fe
Transliteration: pistis
Doctrine: Faith
Rejected alternatives: devoción religiosa general, creencia cultural heredada
Original: πίστις
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Jude 1:3 and 1:20 extend the baseline’s personal-trust sense toward a second, related sense: ‘the faith’ as the settled, defended body of apostolic doctrine. Both senses share the single Spanish word ‘fe’ and must be distinguished by teaching notes, not by a different lexical choice.
Calling
Approved rendering: llamado
Transliteration: klēsis
Doctrine: Divine Calling
Rejected alternatives: vocación (in the narrow sense of a call to priesthood or religious life)
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. NEVER render as ‘vocación’ in Jude 1:1, per the same caution already established for Romans: ‘vocación’ in Catholic-majority Spanish-speaking culture is strongly associated with a call to priesthood or consecrated religious life.
Election
Approved rendering: elección
Transliteration: eklogē
Doctrine: Effectual Calling
Rejected alternatives: destino, suerte
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Cross-referenced by Jude 1:4’s ‘señalados de antemano para esta condenación’ (new term below) — the same caution against fatalistic ‘destino/suerte’ framing applies, even though 1:4 concerns judgment rather than salvation.
Holy Spirit
Approved rendering: Espíritu Santo
Transliteration: pneuma hagion
Doctrine: Sanctification
Rejected alternatives: una fuerza impersonal, un espíritu guía o ancestral
Original: πνεῦμα (ἅγιον) / πνεῦμα μὴ ἔχοντες
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. In Jude, the Spirit’s presence or absence is the letter’s decisive diagnostic test distinguishing true believers (‘orando en el Espíritu Santo,’ 1:20) from false teachers (‘no tienen el Espíritu,’ 1:19). Elevated doctrinal weight in this curriculum; must never be rendered with impersonal spirit-force language, especially given active Espiritismo/Santería frameworks in parts of the Spanish-speaking world.
Contend For The Faith
Approved rendering: contender
Transliteration: epagōnizesthai
Doctrine: Contending for the Faith Once Delivered
Rejected alternatives: defender (too passive), creer (loses combative force), guardar (loses combative force), aceptar (loses combative force)
Original: ἐπαγωνίζεσθαι
Category: Faith
NEW. Jude 1:3. Athletic-contest/combat metaphor (cognate with agōn, ‘contest’). The letter’s programmatic verb. Register note: everyday Spanish ‘contender’ evokes political or sports competition (‘un contendiente a la presidencia’); treat this as an asset restoring vigor, not a distraction, and supply a translator note recovering the athletic-combat root.
Ungodly Ungodliness
Approved rendering: impío / impiedad
Transliteration: asebēs / asebeia
Doctrine: Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers
Rejected alternatives: malo (too generic), pecador (too generic; loses the specific God-defiance sense)
Original: ἀσεβής / ἀσέβεια
Category: Judgment
NEW. Jude 1:4, 1:15 (fourfold repetition), 1:18. Irreverence/defiance toward God’s rightful authority, not generic wickedness. The fourfold repetition in 1:15 MUST be preserved with the identical Spanish root throughout — do not vary vocabulary for stylistic elegance.
Licentiousness
Approved rendering: lascivia / libertinaje
Transliteration: aselgeia
Doctrine: Perversion of Grace into License for Sin
Original: ἀσέλγεια
Category: Judgment
NEW. Jude 1:4. The specific perversion of grace into unrestrained self-indulgence. Cross-flag with the ‘grace’ entry’s grace-versus-works validation rule; must retain full moral seriousness, not a mild or comic connotation.
Reject Authority Lordship
Approved rendering: rechazan la autoridad / el señorío
Transliteration: kyriotēta athetousin
Doctrine: Lordship and Sole Sovereignty of Christ
Original: κυριότητα ἀθετοῦσιν
Category: Christology
NEW. Jude 1:8. Cognate with kyrios; the practical outworking of the despotēs-denial named in 1:4. Cross-reference the Critical Lordship-of-Christ entries.
Marked Out Beforehand For Judgment
Approved rendering: señalados de antemano (para esta condenación)
Transliteration: palai progegrammenoi eis touto to krima
Doctrine: Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers
Rejected alternatives: destinados (alone; risks fatalistic ‘destino’ framing)
Original: πάλαι προγεγραμμένοι εἰς τοῦτο τὸ κρίμα
Category: Judgment
NEW. Jude 1:4. God’s foreknowledge of the false teachers’ coming judgment. Must always be taught alongside their explicit moral culpability (they remain ‘asebeis,’ morally responsible) so as not to be misread as impersonal fatalism; cross-reference the baseline’s ‘election’ caution.
Judgment
Approved rendering: juicio
Transliteration: krisis / krima
Doctrine: Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers
Original: κρίσις / κρίμα
Category: Judgment
NEW. Jude 1:4, 1:6 (‘juicio del gran día’), 1:9, 1:15 (‘para ejecutar juicio contra todos’). Render consistently across all occurrences rather than alternating with ‘condenación,’ reserving ‘condenación’ only where the Greek krima is specifically outcome-focused (1:4).
Eternal Fire
Approved rendering: fuego eterno
Transliteration: pyr aiōnion
Doctrine: Old Testament Warnings as Types (Israel, Angels, Sodom)
Rejected alternatives: fuego purificador temporal (rejected — collides with a purgatorial framework that undermines the point of final, unending judgment)
Original: πῦρ αἰώνιον
Category: Judgment
NEW. Jude 1:7. Must not be read through a purgatorial framework in which fire is temporary and purifying — a live category in popular Catholic piety around Purgatorio. Parallels the fallen angels’ ‘cadenas eternas’ (1:6) and the darkness ‘reservada para siempre’ (1:13); the whole argument depends on finality.
Enoch Prophecy
Approved rendering: Enoc (profetizó)
Transliteration: Henōch (proephēteusen)
Doctrine: Use of Extrabiblical Tradition and the Authority of Scripture
Original: Ἑνώχ (προεφήτευσεν)
Category: Covenant
NEW. Jude 1:14-15. Quotes wording nearly verbatim from the extrabiblical Book of 1 Enoch. High risk due to canonicity confusion. Teach explicitly, parallel to Paul’s citation of pagan poets (Acts 17:28; Titus 1:12): Jude affirms a true prophetic statement without canonizing its source document. Intersects directly with ‘once_for_all_delivered.‘
Keep Yourselves In The Love Of God
Approved rendering: guardaos en el amor de Dios
Transliteration: heautous en agapē theou tērēsate
Doctrine: Kept by God and Presented Blameless
Rejected alternatives: guardaos mediante vuestros propios méritos (rejected — merit-based self-preservation framing)
Original: ἑαυτοὺς ἐν ἀγάπῃ θεοῦ τηρήσατε
Category: Sanctification
NEW. Jude 1:21. The letter’s central positive exhortation; human responsibility exercised WITHIN the security God himself provides (cf. 1:1’s ‘kept’). Never frame as self-generated security earned by effort.
Eternal Life
Approved rendering: vida eterna
Transliteration: zōēn aiōnion
Doctrine: Kept by God and Presented Blameless
Original: ζωὴν αἰώνιον
Category: Salvation
NEW. Jude 1:21. Parallel in doctrinal weight to ‘salvación’ (Critical) though not previously catalogued in the Romans package; the ultimate goal of the letter’s exhortations.
Wavering Doubt
Approved rendering: los que dudan / vacilan
Transliteration: diakrinomenous
Doctrine: Mercy and Rescue of the Wavering
Rejected alternatives: los que están en error doctrinal (too narrow — loses the wavering, not-yet-settled sense)
Original: διακρινομένους
Category: Mercy
NEW. Jude 1:22. Names the doctrine directly. A state of inward wavering/uncertainty, not settled apostasy — strugglers to be reclaimed with compassion. Significant Greek manuscript textual variant exists here (elegchete ‘reprove’ vs. eleate ‘have mercy on’); flag per the ambiguity-handling protocol, defaulting to the majority-text-informed ‘tened misericordia de los que dudan’ with ‘reprended’ recorded as the alternative.
Snatching From Fire
Approved rendering: salvad, arrebatándolos (del fuego)
Transliteration: sōzete ek pyros harpazontes
Doctrine: Mercy and Rescue of the Wavering
Original: σῴζετε ἐκ πυρὸς ἁρπάζοντες
Category: Salvation
NEW. Jude 1:23. Urgent, forceful rescue imagery echoing the ‘fuego eterno’ of 1:7. Reuse baseline ‘salvar/salvación’ word family for the verb sōzete; the new element is ‘harpazontes’ (‘arrebatando,’ snatching/seizing forcibly) — urgency must not be softened.
Kept From Stumbling
Approved rendering: guardaros sin caída
Transliteration: dynamenō phylaxai hymas aptaistous
Doctrine: Kept by God and Presented Blameless
Original: δυναμένῳ φυλάξαι ὑμᾶς ἀπταίστους
Category: Sanctification
NEW. Jude 1:24. Different Greek verb (phylassō) from the letter’s recurring tēreō, but the same doctrinal theme; map both to the same ‘guardar/preservar’ semantic field, noting the verb-shift in translator commentary. Grounds all security language in God’s own power, not believer effort.
Mercy
Approved rendering: misericordia
Transliteration: eleos
Doctrine: Mercy and Rescue of the Wavering
Original: ἔλεος
Category: Mercy
NEW. Jude 1:2, 1:21, 1:22. Collision risk with the specific ‘Divina Misericordia’ devotional apparatus (Chaplet and image tied to St. Faustina Kowalska, ‘Domingo de la Divina Misericordia’) prevalent in contemporary Hispanic Catholic piety. Teach as God’s/Christ’s general compassionate character and direct rescue of wavering believers, never as reference to that devotional apparatus, chaplet, or image. Requires an explicit distinguishing note at every occurrence.
Natural Soulish
Approved rendering: carnales / sin el Espíritu
Transliteration: psychikoi
Doctrine: Discernment of True and False Believers by the Spirit’s Presence
Rejected alternatives: sensuales/lujuriosos (alone — loses the technical soul-vs-Spirit anthropological distinction)
Original: ψυχικοί
Category: Judgment
NEW. Jude 1:19. Precise technical anthropological term (cf. 1 Corinthians 2:14) for a person governed by mere human faculties, lacking the Spirit — not merely ‘sensual.’ NEVER use ‘psíquicos’ as a transliteration; in modern Spanish this word has drifted toward parapsychology/psychic-medium connotations, a severe new syncretism risk.
Kept Reserved Tereo
Approved rendering: guardar / reservar / preservar
Transliteration: tēreō (tetērēmenois, tetērēken, tetērētai)
Doctrine: Kept by God and Presented Blameless
Original: τηρέω (τετηρημένοις, τετήρηκεν, τετήρηται)
Category: Sanctification
NEW. Jude 1:1, 1:6, 1:13, 1:21 (all tēreō occurrences). Deliberate ironic wordplay: believers kept for blessing vs. the rebellious kept/reserved for judgment. Standardize on a single primary Spanish verb (‘guardar/guardado’) across all occurrences so the irony remains visible; use ‘preservar/reservar’ only as secondary syntactic variation, with a translator note preserving the link. This is a document-level consistency rule, not a per-verse flag.
Medium Risk Terms
Called
Approved rendering: llamado
Transliteration: klētos
Doctrine: Divine Calling
Rejected alternatives: convocado (bureaucratic/legal register)
Original: κλητοῖς
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Jude 1:1 addresses the letter ‘a los llamados.‘
Holy
Approved rendering: santo
Transliteration: hagios
Doctrine: Sanctification
Rejected alternatives: puro en sentido ritual
Original: ἅγιος / ἁγιωτάτῃ (superlative)
Category: Sanctification
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. In Jude this word intensifies to a superlative in 1:20 (‘santísima fe’) and applies to the angelic host in 1:14 (‘santas miríadas’); ensure the superlative force in 1:20 is not lost.
Peace
Approved rendering: paz
Transliteration: eirēnē
Doctrine: Peace with God
Rejected alternatives: tranquilidad emocional
Original: εἰρήνη
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Jude 1:2 greeting: ‘misericordia, paz y amor os sean multiplicados.‘
Sin
Approved rendering: pecado
Transliteration: hamartia
Doctrine: Universal Human Accountability
Rejected alternatives: falta (minimizing euphemism common in pastoral speech)
Original: ἁμαρτωλοί
Category: Sin
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Jude 1:15 combines this word family with the letter’s own ‘impío’ root: ‘pecadores impíos.’ NEVER soften to ‘falta.‘
Glory
Approved rendering: gloria
Transliteration: doxa
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Original: δόξα (singular, 1:24-25) / δόξαι (distinct plural, 1:8)
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Reserve ‘gloria’ strictly for the singular, God-directed sense in Jude 1:24-25. Do NOT use ‘gloria’ for the distinct plural referent in 1:8 (‘δόξας βλασφημοῦσιν’), which denotes glorious/angelic beings, not God’s own attribute — see the new term ‘glorious_beings_doxai’ below.
Power Of God
Approved rendering: poder de Dios
Transliteration: dynamis theou
Doctrine: Power of God for Salvation
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Not directly lexicalized in Jude, but retained for the explicit lexical contrast the doxology (1:25) requires: ‘kratos’ (dominio, new term below) stresses ruling might exercised, distinct from ‘dynamis/poder’ (capability). Do not collapse the two into a single Spanish word.
Eternal Chains
Approved rendering: cadenas eternas / perpetuas
Transliteration: desmois aïdiois
Doctrine: Old Testament Warnings as Types (Israel, Angels, Sodom)
Original: δεσμοῖς ἀϊδίοις
Category: Judgment
NEW. Jude 1:6. Rarer Greek synonym (aïdios) for ‘eternal,’ distinct from the more common aiōnios used elsewhere in Jude; both map to the same Spanish ‘eterno/perpetuo’ field. Note the lexical distinctness for translators.
Dreaming
Approved rendering: soñando / en sus fantasías
Transliteration: enypniazomenoi
Doctrine: Moral Corruption and Self-Serving Conduct of False Teachers
Original: ἐνυπνιαζόμενοι
Category: Judgment
NEW. Jude 1:8. Claimed visionary/revelatory experience used as the illegitimate basis for false teaching; relevant to modern claims of private revelation overriding apostolic teaching.
Love Feasts
Approved rendering: ágapes / banquetes de amor fraternal
Transliteration: agapai
Doctrine: Moral Corruption and Self-Serving Conduct of False Teachers
Rejected alternatives: comunión eucarística (rejected — risks conflating with sacramental Eucharistic theology)
Original: ἀγάπαι
Category: Church
NEW. Jude 1:12. Distinct technical plural of agapē referring to the early church’s communal fellowship meals, historically related to but distinct from the Lord’s Supper. ‘Ágape’ is an already-attested light loanword in Spanish theological register.
Hidden Reefs Blemishes
Approved rendering: escollos / manchas
Transliteration: spilades
Doctrine: Moral Corruption and Self-Serving Conduct of False Teachers
Original: σπιλάδες
Category: Judgment
NEW. Jude 1:12. Genuine lexical ambiguity in Greek (maritime ‘hidden reefs’ vs. moral ‘spots/blemishes’). Recommend ‘escollos’ as primary (majority modern-scholarship consensus; vivid nautical image), recording ‘manchas’ as the flagged alternative per the ambiguity-handling protocol.
Shepherding Themselves
Approved rendering: se pastorean a sí mismos
Transliteration: heautous poimainontes
Doctrine: Moral Corruption and Self-Serving Conduct of False Teachers
Original: ἑαυτοὺς ποιμαίνοντες
Category: Church
NEW. Jude 1:12. Self-serving inversion of the shepherd role. Note: ‘pastor’ is also the common Protestant clergy title in Spanish; ensure the negative, self-serving sense is unmistakable from context, not misheard as a critique of the pastoral office itself.
Wandering Stars
Approved rendering: estrellas errantes
Transliteration: asteres planētai
Doctrine: Moral Corruption and Self-Serving Conduct of False Teachers
Original: ἀστέρες πλανῆται
Category: Judgment
NEW. Jude 1:13. Image of instability and false guidance. Avoid any accidental resonance with astrology/horoscope reading (cf. baseline’s ‘prophecy’ caution against ‘horóscopo’); the point is unreliable, directionless wandering, not celestial fate-telling.
Scoffers
Approved rendering: burladores
Transliteration: empaiktai
Doctrine: Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers
Original: ἐμπαῖκται
Category: Judgment
NEW. Jude 1:18. Mockers foretold by the apostles to arise in the last times; standard eschatological last-days motif.
Causing Divisions
Approved rendering: los que causan divisiones
Transliteration: hoi apodiorizontes
Doctrine: Discernment of True and False Believers by the Spirit’s Presence
Rejected alternatives: los que se separan (flagged alternative per genuine ambiguity)
Original: οἱ ἀποδιορίζοντες
Category: Church
NEW. Jude 1:19. Rare compound verb (only here in the NT) meaning either ‘those who divide the community’ or ‘those who separate themselves’ from it. Record the alternative rendering per the ambiguity-handling protocol; do not silently pick one without flagging.
Garment Stained By The Flesh
Approved rendering: ropa manchada por la carne
Transliteration: ton apo tēs sarkos espilōmenon chitōna
Doctrine: Mercy and Rescue of the Wavering
Rejected alternatives: reading as ceremonial/ritual-purity code (rejected)
Original: τὸν ἀπὸ τῆς σαρκὸς ἐσπιλωμένον χιτῶνα
Category: Sanctification
NEW. Jude 1:23. Vivid image (echoing OT ritual-purity garment language) applied metaphorically to moral contamination the rescuer must avoid contracting. Per the baseline’s caution on ‘holy,’ the point is moral, not ceremonial, contamination.
Authority
Approved rendering: autoridad
Transliteration: exousia
Doctrine: Doxology and God’s Preserving Power
Original: ἐξουσία
Category: Doxology
NEW. Jude 1:25 and 1:8 (rejected authority, ‘kyriotēta’). Same word used for governing authorities elsewhere in the NT (cf. Romans 13:1); here ascribed to God as the ultimate source of all derived human authority.
Servant Bondservant
Approved rendering: siervo
Transliteration: doulos
Doctrine: Apostolic Authorship and Divine Calling
Rejected alternatives: esclavo (more literal, but breaks established Spanish Bible convention of Romanos 1:1, Santiago 1:1)
Original: δοῦλος
Category: Apostleship
NEW. Jude 1:1. Establishes authorial humility and derived authority; keep consistent with existing NT epistolary convention.
James Santiago
Approved rendering: Santiago
Transliteration: Iakōbos
Doctrine: Apostolic Authorship and Divine Calling
Rejected alternatives: Jacobo (literal cognate, but severs the reader’s link to ‘la Epístola de Santiago’ and Hechos 15’s James)
Original: Ἰάκωβος
Category: Apostleship
NEW. Jude 1:1. Naming-convention consistency issue with high reader-comprehension impact.
Own Domain Of Authority
Approved rendering: su propia posición de autoridad
Transliteration: tēn heautōn archēn
Doctrine: Old Testament Warnings as Types (Israel, Angels, Sodom)
Original: τὴν ἑαυτῶν ἀρχήν
Category: Angelology
NEW. Jude 1:6. The angels’ own proper realm/position, abandoned in rebellion; part of the same authority-word family as despotēs/kyriotēs but a distinct term (archē).
Grumblers And Malcontents
Approved rendering: murmuradores / quejumbrosos
Transliteration: gogystai, mempsimoiroi
Doctrine: Moral Corruption and Self-Serving Conduct of False Teachers
Original: γογγυσταί, μεμψίμοιροι
Category: Judgment
NEW. Jude 1:16. Chronic complainers dissatisfied with God’s providence, echoing the wilderness generation’s grumbling (1:5).
Flattery For Gain
Approved rendering: adulan por conveniencia / hacen acepción de personas para su propio provecho
Transliteration: thaumazontes prosōpa ōpheleias charin
Doctrine: Moral Corruption and Self-Serving Conduct of False Teachers
Original: θαυμάζοντες πρόσωπα ὠφελείας χάριν
Category: Judgment
NEW. Jude 1:16. Echoes Balaam’s motive ‘for reward’ (1:11); cross-reference the established Spanish Bible idiom ‘acepción de personas’ (e.g., Santiago 2:1) for wider-canon consistency.
Sinful Desires
Approved rendering: deseos / concupiscencias
Transliteration: epithymiai
Doctrine: Moral Corruption and Self-Serving Conduct of False Teachers
Original: ἐπιθυμίαι
Category: Judgment
NEW. Jude 1:16, 1:18. Sinful cravings governing the false teachers’ conduct, not neutral desire; must be distinguished from ordinary wants.
Cain Balaam Korah
Approved rendering: Caín / Balaam / Coré
Transliteration: Kain, Balaam, Kore
Doctrine: Further Types of Apostasy: Cain, Balaam, and Korah
Original: Κάϊν, Βαλαάμ, Κόρε
Category: Covenant
NEW. Jude 1:11. Three OT types of apostasy (false worship/murderous jealousy; religious corruption for profit; illegitimate rebellion against appointed authority). Requires explicit OT background catechesis; no folk-cultural analogue, parallel to the baseline’s caution on ‘seed_of_david’ assuming OT literacy.
Glorious Beings Doxai
Approved rendering: dignidades / seres gloriosos
Transliteration: doxas (plural, distinct from doxa)
Doctrine: Moral Corruption and Self-Serving Conduct of False Teachers
Rejected alternatives: gloria (rejected as a direct rendering here — different referent from God’s own attribute)
NEW. Jude 1:8: ‘δόξας βλασφημοῦσιν.’ A distinct plural usage referring to glorious/angelic beings, NOT God’s own singular gloria (Critical/Medium elsewhere). Must not be conflated with the baseline ‘glory’ entry; requires its own translator note.
Infiltrated False Teachers
Approved rendering: se han infiltrado / se han introducido encubiertamente
Transliteration: pareisedysan
Doctrine: Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers
NEW. Jude 1:4. Describes the covert, deceptive entry of false teachers into the congregation — concealment, not open disagreement.
Fornication Ekporneusasai
Approved rendering: habiéndose entregado a la fornicación
Transliteration: ekporneusasai
Doctrine: Old Testament Warnings as Types (Israel, Angels, Sodom)
NEW. Jude 1:7. Intensive compound form (ek- prefix) stressing thoroughness of Sodom’s sin; requires careful, non-graphic teaching handling alongside ‘en pos de otra carne.‘
Blaspheme What They Do Not Understand
Approved rendering: blasfeman de lo que no conocen
Transliteration: hosa ouk oidasin blasphēmousin
Doctrine: Moral Corruption and Self-Serving Conduct of False Teachers
NEW. Jude 1:10. Sharp contrast with Michael’s restraint in 1:9; direct escalation of the letter’s charge against the false teachers.
Wild Waves Foaming Shame
Approved rendering: olas feroces del mar que arrojan espuma de sus propias vergüenzas
Transliteration: kymata agria thalassēs epaphrizonta tas heautōn aischynas
Doctrine: Moral Corruption and Self-Serving Conduct of False Teachers
NEW. Jude 1:13. The false teachers’ shameful conduct publicly, visibly exposed like sea-foam churned up by violent waves.
Black Darkness
Approved rendering: la oscuridad de las tinieblas
Transliteration: ho zophos tou skotous
Doctrine: Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers
NEW. Jude 1:13. Intensified double-darkness expression describing the severity of final judgment; paired with ‘reservada para siempre’ (kept_reserved_tereo).
Undergoing Punishment
Approved rendering: sufriendo castigo
Transliteration: dikēn hypechousai
Doctrine: Old Testament Warnings as Types (Israel, Angels, Sodom)
NEW. Jude 1:7. Judicial/legal term reinforcing that Sodom’s judgment is a formal, deserved sentence, not misfortune.
Dispute With The Devil
Approved rendering: disputaba / contendía con el diablo
Transliteration: tō diabolō diakrinomenos dielegeto
Doctrine: Michael’s Restraint and the Danger of Angelic Veneration
NEW. Jude 1:9. References an intertestamental tradition (the Assumption of Moses) about a dispute over Moses’ body/burial; background for Michael’s exemplary restraint.
Destroyed Those Who Did Not Believe
Approved rendering: destruyó a los que no creyeron
Transliteration: tous mē pisteusantas apōlesen
Doctrine: Old Testament Warnings as Types (Israel, Angels, Sodom)
NEW. Jude 1:5. The wilderness generation’s unbelief-driven judgment, the first of Jude’s three OT types; reuse the ‘creer’ (faith) word family.
Love Agape
Approved rendering: amor
Transliteration: agapē (singular)
Doctrine: Divine Love and the Trinitarian Shape of the Letter’s Framing
NEW. Jude 1:2, 1:21. God’s covenantal love poured out on believers. Note the distinct plural sense ‘ἀγάπαι’ (love feasts, a separate new term) appearing in 1:12 with a different referent — do not confuse the two forms.
Corrupted Perish
Approved rendering: se corrompen / perecen
Transliteration: phtheirontai
Doctrine: Moral Corruption and Self-Serving Conduct of False Teachers
NEW. Jude 1:10. Self-destructive outcome of following base instinct rather than the Spirit.
Low Risk Terms
Apostle
Approved rendering: apóstol
Transliteration: apostolos
Doctrine: Apostleship
Original: τῶν ἀποστόλων
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Jude 1:17 appeals to ‘las palabras dichas de antemano por los apóstoles’ as the grounds for recognizing scoffers as apostolically foretold.
Prophet
Approved rendering: profeta
Transliteration: prophētēs
Doctrine: Inspiration of Scripture
Rejected alternatives: vidente, adivino
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged.
Prophecy
Approved rendering: profecía
Transliteration: prophēteia
Doctrine: Fulfillment of Prophecy
Rejected alternatives: horóscopo, predicción esotérica
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Elevated to High risk specifically at Jude 1:14 (‘profetizó Enoc’) due to the extrabiblical source quoted there — see the new term ‘enoch_prophecy’ below for the verse-specific handling.
Exhort
Approved rendering: exhortar
Transliteration: parakaleō
Doctrine: Mutual Edification
Original: παρακαλῶν
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Jude 1:3: ‘exhortando a contender por la fe.‘
Dominion
Approved rendering: dominio
Transliteration: kratos
Doctrine: Doxology and God’s Preserving Power
Original: κράτος
Category: Doxology
NEW. Jude 1:25. Ruling might exercised in dominion, distinct from raw capability; distinguish sharply from ‘poder de Dios’ (dynamis, Medium in baseline) — never collapse the two into one Spanish word.
Majesty
Approved rendering: majestad
Transliteration: megalōsynē
Doctrine: Doxology and God’s Preserving Power
Original: μεγαλωσύνη
Category: Doxology
NEW. Jude 1:25. Standard doxological term, part of the fourfold title-stack (gloria, majestad, dominio, autoridad).
Sodom And Gomorrah
Approved rendering: Sodoma y Gomorra
Transliteration: Sodoma kai Gomorra
Doctrine: Old Testament Warnings as Types (Israel, Angels, Sodom)
Original: Σόδομα καὶ Γόμορρα
Category: Covenant
NEW. Jude 1:7. Established Spanish Bible form. Note the culturally worn colloquial byword usage for moral decadence; ensure the typological-judgment argument is not lost beneath the idiom.
Moses
Approved rendering: Moisés
Transliteration: Mōysēs
Doctrine: Michael’s Restraint and the Danger of Angelic Veneration
Original: Μωϋσῆς
Category: Covenant
NEW. Jude 1:9. Established Spanish Bible form per the baseline transliteration standards.
Devil
Approved rendering: diablo
Transliteration: diabolos
Doctrine: Michael’s Restraint and the Danger of Angelic Veneration
NEW. Jude 1:9. Standard NT adversary figure.
Multiplied Blessing
Approved rendering: os sean multiplicados
Transliteration: plēthyntheiē
Doctrine: Divine Love and the Trinitarian Shape of the Letter’s Framing
NEW. Jude 1:2. A wish-prayer of abundant blessing, standard epistolary form.
Woe To Them
Approved rendering: ¡Ay de ellos!
Transliteration: ouai autois
Doctrine: Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers
NEW. Jude 1:11. Prophetic pronouncement of judgment, echoing OT prophetic form.
Remember
Approved rendering: recordar / acordaos
Transliteration: hypomnēsai / mnēsthēte
Doctrine: Old Testament Warnings as Types (Israel, Angels, Sodom)
NEW. Jude 1:5, 1:17. Jude’s pedagogical method of recalling known history (OT types in 1:5; apostolic teaching in 1:17) as warning.
Irrational Animals
Approved rendering: animales irracionales
Transliteration: aloga zōa
Doctrine: Moral Corruption and Self-Serving Conduct of False Teachers
NEW. Jude 1:10. Describes the false teachers as governed by instinct rather than Spirit-guided reason; anticipates 1:19’s ‘psychikoi, pneuma mē echontes.’
Referenced passages