Core Glossary: Ezra (English → Spanish)

Curriculum: Ezra Destination language: Spanish Status: Extends the Romans baseline translation_memory.json / bible_term_registry.json. Terms marked [BASELINE — REUSE EXACTLY] are already established and must not be altered. Terms marked [NEW] are proposed additions for this curriculum, pending the same version-increment and theologian-review workflow described in 12_ai_translation_requirements.md.

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Proper Names and Book Title (Low risk, mandatory convention)

English	Spanish rendering	Risk	Notes
Ezra (book title)	Esdras	Low	Established Spanish Bible tradition (Reina-Valera, Biblia de Jerusalén, Latinoamericana) titles the book “Esdras,” never “Ezra.” Mandatory.
Ezra (person)	Esdras	Low	Same convention applies to the person throughout.
Cyrus	Ciro	Low	Standard.
Persia	Persia	Low	Standard.
Jeremiah	Jeremías	Low	Standard.
Jerusalem	Jerusalén	Low	Standard.
Judah	Judá	Low	Standard.
Nebuchadnezzar	Nabucodonosor	Low	Standard.
Mithredath	Mitrídates	Low	Standard.
Sheshbazzar	Sesbasar	Low	Standard.
Zerubbabel	Zorobabel	Low	Standard.
Darius	Darío	Low	Standard.
Artaxerxes	Artajerjes	Low	Standard.
Tattenai	Tatnai	Low	Standard.
Haggai	Hageo	Low	Standard.
Zechariah	Zacarías	Low	Standard.
Israel	Israel [BASELINE — REUSE EXACTLY]	Low	Per Romans baseline.
David	David [BASELINE — REUSE EXACTLY]	Low	Per Romans baseline (referenced only in “casa de David” background allusions).

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Baseline Terms Reused Exactly (from Romans translation_memory.json)

Term	Spanish	Risk (baseline)	Ezra-specific application note
God	Dios	Critical	Applied throughout; also underlies “Dios de los cielos,” “Dios de Israel.”
holy	santo	Medium	Underlies “simiente santa” (see New Terms — Critical).
sin	pecado	Medium	Underlies confession/repentance vocabulary in chs. 9–10; never soften to “falta.”
law	ley	High	”Ley de Jehová”/“ley de Moisés” — reused, but taught with a positive covenant-renewal framing distinct from Romans’ law/grace contrast.
covenant	pacto	High	Ezra 10’s covenant of separation; reused exactly, scope clarified as a renewal-of-obedience covenant.
prophet	profeta	Low	Haggai and Zechariah (ch. 5).
prophecy	profecía	Low	Fulfillment of Jeremiah’s prophecy (ch. 1).
gentiles	gentiles	Low	Available if teaching materials draw NT parallels to “peoples of the land”; not a direct lexical match, used only in cross-reference notes.
grace	gracia	High	Reserved strictly for theological/salvific grace; royal favor in ch. 7 must use “favor,” NOT “gracia” — see New Terms.
thanksgiving	acción de gracias	Low	Ezra 3:11, communal thanksgiving at the foundation-laying.
election	elección	High	Available for cross-reference teaching on God’s sovereign choice of Israel/Cyrus as instrument; not a primary Ezra term.
providence	providencia	Medium	Cross-reference term for God’s sovereign governance theme running through chs. 1, 5–6.

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New Terms Required for Ezra [NEW]

Term (English)	Original (Hebrew/Aramaic)	Transliteration	Spanish rendering	Doctrine	Risk	Notes / Rejected alternatives
LORD (divine name, OT)	יְהוָה	YHWH	Jehová	God’s Sovereignty over Pagan Nations and History	Critical	New registry entry distinct from baseline lord=“Señor” (which encodes Kyrios/Christ’s Lordship). Alternative “el SEÑOR” (small caps) acceptable as a stylistic variant but “Jehová” is the primary curriculum rendering, consistent with this Language Package’s Reina-Valera anchor. Never collapse with the NT confession “Jesús es el Señor.”
God of heaven	אֱלֹהֵי הַשָּׁמַיִם	Elohei hashamayim	Dios de los cielos	God’s Sovereignty over Pagan Nations and History	High	Must be taught as identical to YHWH, not one deity among a pagan pantheon acknowledged diplomatically.
God of heaven and earth	אֱלָהּ שְׁמַיָּא וְאַרְעָא (Aram.)	elah shemayya ve’ar’a	Dios del cielo y de la tierra	God’s Sovereignty over Pagan Nations and History	Medium	Expanded form of the above, used in Persian official correspondence (ch. 5).
temple / house of God	בַּיִת (בֵּית־אֱלֹהִים / בֵּית־יְהוָה)	bayit (beit-Elohim / beit-YHWH)	templo / casa de Dios / casa de Jehová	Restoration of Temple Worship	High	Anchor term for the whole book; teach as the locus of covenant worship and God’s presence, not merely a construction project.
priest	כֹּהֲנִים	kohanim	sacerdotes	Restoration of Temple Worship	High	Collides with the Catholic ministerial priesthood; must be taught explicitly as the old-covenant Aaronic/Levitical order, distinct from Catholic institutional priesthood.
Levite	לְוִיִּם	Leviyim	levitas	Restoration of Temple Worship	Medium	Needs a brief explanatory gloss distinguishing Levites from priests.
altar	מִזְבֵּח	mizbeach	altar	Restoration of Temple Worship	High	Collides with Catholic usage (site of the Mass); teach as the OT sacrificial altar for burnt offerings under Mosaic law.
burnt offering	עוֹלָה	olah	ofrenda quemada (preferred) / holocausto (permitted only with gloss)	Restoration of Temple Worship	High	”Holocausto” now primarily evokes the 20th-century genocide in modern Spanish usage; default to “ofrenda quemada” to avoid the collision, reserving “holocausto” for contexts with an explicit clarifying note. Flagged for theologian/native-speaker review at every occurrence.
Feast of Booths / Tabernacles	סֻכּוֹת	Sukkot	fiesta de los Tabernáculos	Restoration of Temple Worship	Low-Medium	Requires OT festal-calendar explanatory note.
dedication (of the temple)	חֲנֻכַּה	chanukkah	dedicación (de la casa de Dios)	Restoration of Temple Worship	Medium	Distinguish the dedication event from the later annual Hanukkah festival.
Passover	פֶּסַח	Pesach	la Pascua (judía) — mandatory gloss	Restoration of Temple Worship / Rebuilding and Covenant Renewal	Critical	Spanish “Pascua” defaults to Easter (Pascua de Resurrección) in common usage. MUST always carry the gloss “la Pascua judía, la fiesta conmemorativa del éxodo de Egipto.” Flag every occurrence for theologian review.
unleavened bread	מַצּוֹת	matzot	panes sin levadura	Restoration of Temple Worship	Low-Medium	Companion term to Passover gloss.
sacred vessels	כֵּלִים	kelim	utensilios / vasos sagrados	Restoration of Temple Worship	Medium-High	Must not be taught through a relic-veneration lens; significance is covenantal/historical.
assembly / congregation	קָהָל	qahal	congregación / asamblea	Rebuilding and Covenant Renewal; Confession and Corporate Repentance	Medium	Render consistently across chs. 2 and 10.
freewill offering	נְדָבָה	nedavah	ofrenda voluntaria	Rebuilding and Covenant Renewal	Medium	Distinguish from transactional, merit-based religious giving.
foundation	יְסוֹד	yesod	fundamento / cimiento	Rebuilding and Covenant Renewal	Low-Medium	—
“as it is written”	כַּכָּתוּב	kakkatuv	como está escrito	The Role of Scripture in Community Renewal	Medium	Scripture (Torah) as the governing authority for worship practice.
scribe	סֹפֵר	sofer	escriba (con nota: “experto en la ley de Moisés”)	The Role of Scripture in Community Renewal	Medium	Avoid reduction to a mere copyist/secretary role.
”the hand of the LORD was upon him”	יַד־יְהוָה עָלָיו	yad-YHWH alav	la mano de Jehová su Dios estaba sobre él	The Role of Scripture in Community Renewal; God’s Sovereignty	Medium	Idiom for divine empowerment; not a literal/superstitious touch-blessing.
statutes and judgments	חֻקִּים וּמִשְׁפָּטִים	chuqqim umishpatim	estatutos y decretos	The Role of Scripture in Community Renewal	Medium	—
royal favor	חֵן	chen	favor (real)	(contrast term)	Medium	Must NOT be rendered “gracia” — reserve “gracia” strictly for the baseline’s theological/salvific sense.
fasting	צוֹם	tzom	ayuno	Confession and Corporate Repentance	High	Teach as an expression of humble dependence, not a merit-earning penitential act — direct link to baseline grace/merit cautions.
holy seed	זֶרַע הַקֹּדֶשׁ	zera haqodesh	simiente santa	Separation from Syncretism	Critical	Highest-risk term in the book. Must be taught as religious/covenantal set-apartness from idolatry — never ethnic or racial purity. Mandatory theologian-reviewed teaching note at every occurrence.
abomination	תּוֹעֵבָה	to’evah	abominación	Separation from Syncretism; Confession and Corporate Repentance	Medium-High	Retain full force; do not soften.
remnant	שְׁאֵרִית / פְּלֵיטָה	she’erit / pleitah	remanente / resto que escapó	Confession and Corporate Repentance	Medium	God’s preserving grace amid judgment.
people(s) of the land	עַם־הָאָרֶץ	am ha’aretz	pueblos de la tierra	Separation from Syncretism	High	Teach as religious-covenantal distinction, not ethnic hostility.
exiles / the exile community	הַגּוֹלָה	haggolah	los del cautiverio / el cautiverio / los desterrados	God’s Sovereignty over Pagan Nations and History	Medium-High	Technical community-identity term; render consistently across 1:11; 2:1; 6:21; 8:35; 9:4; 10:6-8.
confession (corporate)	הִתְוַדּוּ	hitvaddu	confesaron / confesión	Confession and Corporate Repentance	Critical	Second-highest-risk term in the book. In Catholic-majority Spanish contexts, “confesión” defaults to the private sacrament of Confession/Reconciliation with a priest. Ezra’s model is corporate, public, unmediated confession directly before God. Mandatory theologian-reviewed teaching note at every occurrence (ch. 9–10).
separated (from syncretistic practice)	נִבְדְּלוּ	nivdelu	se separaron	Separation from Syncretism	High	Frame as covenant faithfulness, never ethnic segregation or xenophobia.
foreign wives	נָשִׁים נָכְרִיּוֹת	nashim nokhriyot	mujeres extranjeras	Separation from Syncretism	High	Ethically sensitive narrative action; must not be presented as an uncritical modern ethical model. Flag for theologian review to ensure balanced pastoral framing.
”the eye of God” (idiom)	עֵין אֱלָהָהּ (Aram.)	ein elahah	la mirada de su Dios / el cuidado de su Dios (avoid literal “el ojo de su Dios”)	God’s Sovereignty over Pagan Nations and History	High	Literal “el ojo” risks activating the mal de ojo (“evil eye”) folk superstition prevalent in Hispanic popular culture. Render non-literally with a teaching note on divine providential care.
Urim and Thummim	אוּרִים וְתוּמִּים	Urim veTummim	Urim y Tumim (con nota explicativa)	The Role of Scripture in Community Renewal (priestly legitimacy)	Low-Medium	Explain as a divinely sanctioned high-priestly instrument, not occult divination.
temple servants (Nethinim)	נְתִינִים	Netinim	sirvientes del templo / netineos	Restoration of Temple Worship	Low-Medium	—
governor (various Persian-derived titles)	תִּרְשָׁתָא / פֶּחָה	Tirshata / pechah	gobernador	(administrative; low doctrinal weight)	Low	Render consistently across occurrences.
prince/leader	נָשִׂיא	nasi	príncipe / líder	(administrative; thematic Davidic echo, not Messianic)	Medium	Avoid overstating a formal Messianic title for Sheshbazzar.

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Risk Summary for This Curriculum

Risk Tier	Count (new terms)	Review routing
Critical	4 (Jehová [divine name], la Pascua judía, simiente santa, confesión/confesaron)	Human theologian, every occurrence
High	10 (Dios de los cielos, casa de Dios/templo, sacerdotes, altar, ofrenda quemada/holocausto, ayuno, pueblos de la tierra, la mirada/el cuidado de Dios, se separaron, mujeres extranjeras)	Human theologian
Medium	15	Native speaker review
Low / Low-Medium	remainder (proper names, administrative titles, inventory vocabulary)	Automated / native-speaker spot check

All Critical and High entries above must be added to a curriculum-specific extension of translation_memory.json and bible_term_registry.json before Phase 2 segment translation begins, following the versioning and escalation procedure defined in 12_ai_translation_requirements.md. No entry in this glossary may contradict or duplicate a conflicting rendering already fixed in the Romans baseline.

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Critical Risk Terms

God

Approved rendering: Dios
Transliteration: Elohim
Doctrine: God’s Sovereignty over Pagan Nations and History
Original: אֱלֹהִים
Category: God

Inherited from Romans package (baseline exact match: ‘Dios’). Ezra-specific application: this generic divine title is repeatedly placed in the mouths of pagan kings (‘Dios de los cielos’) and must be taught as identical to YHWH, not one deity acknowledged among a Persian court’s pantheon.

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Divine Name Yhwh

Approved rendering: Jehová
Transliteration: YHWH
Doctrine: God’s Sovereignty over Pagan Nations and History
Rejected alternatives: el SEÑOR (small caps; accepted only as a stylistic variant, never the primary curriculum form), Yahveh (unfamiliar transliteration to the target pan-regional audience)
Original: יְהוָה
Category: God

NEW registry entry, distinct from the baseline’s ‘lord’ = ‘Señor’ (which encodes Kyrios/Christ’s Lordship in Romans 10:9). Anchors to this Language Package’s Reina-Valera register. Never collapse the OT covenant name into the NT Christological confession ‘Jesús es el Señor.‘

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Holy Seed

Approved rendering: simiente santa
Transliteration: zera haqodesh
Doctrine: Separation from Syncretism
Rejected alternatives: pureza étnica o racial (explicitly rejected framing), raza santa
Original: זֶרַע הַקֹּדֶשׁ
Category: Separation and Syncretism

The single highest-risk term in the book. Must be taught as religious/covenantal set-apartness from idolatry alone, never ethnic or racial purity, given Latin American sensitivities around racial-hierarchy discourse. Mandatory theologian-reviewed teaching note at every occurrence.

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Passover

Approved rendering: la Pascua (judía)
Transliteration: Pesach
Doctrine: Passover and Covenant Memory
Rejected alternatives: Pesaj (acceptable only as an advanced-lesson secondary parenthetical, never the primary curriculum form)
Original: פֶּסַח
Category: Temple Worship

Spanish ‘Pascua’ defaults to Easter (Pascua de Resurrección). MUST always carry the gloss ‘la Pascua judía, la fiesta conmemorativa del éxodo de Egipto’ at every occurrence (6:19-22). Flag every occurrence for theologian review.

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Confession Corporate

Approved rendering: confesaron / confesión
Transliteration: hitvaddu
Doctrine: Confession and Corporate Repentance
Rejected alternatives: confesión sacramental / confesión ante un sacerdote (FORBIDDEN as the operative model)
Original: הִתְוַדּוּ
Category: Confession and Repentance

Second-highest-risk term in the book. In Catholic-majority contexts, ‘confesión’ overwhelmingly evokes the private sacrament of Confession/Reconciliation with priestly absolution. Ezra’s model (chs. 9-10) is corporate, public, unmediated confession directly before God. Mandatory theologian-reviewed teaching note at every occurrence.

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Lord

Approved rendering: Señor
Transliteration: kyrios (Greek, Romans usage)
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ (cross-reference / contrast term)
Rejected alternatives: Señor mío (devotional-only)

Inherited from Romans package (baseline exact match). NOT used to render the Tetragrammaton in Ezra — kept in this file only to preserve the explicit lexical boundary against conflating the OT covenant name ‘Jehová’ with the NT Christological confession ‘Jesús es el Señor’ (Romans 10:9), a documented cross-curriculum risk when learners move between the two Language Packages.

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High Risk Terms

God Of Heaven

Approved rendering: Dios de los cielos
Transliteration: Elohei hashamayim
Doctrine: God’s Sovereignty over Pagan Nations and History
Original: אֱלֹהֵי הַשָּׁמַיִם
Category: God

Placed in Cyrus’s mouth (1:2); must be taught as identical with YHWH, not one deity diplomatically acknowledged among many in a Persian court’s syncretistic framework.

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Spirit Stirred

Approved rendering: espíritu
Transliteration: ruach
Doctrine: God’s Sovereignty over Pagan Nations and History
Rejected alternatives: un espíritu guía o ancestral (Espiritismo/Santería framing), posesión espiritual / trance mediúmnico
Original: רוּח
Category: God

Cyrus’s own will/disposition, sovereignly moved by God (1:1, 5) — NOT an indwelling of the Holy Spirit. Requires translator note distinguishing this from the baseline’s Critical ‘Espíritu Santo’ and from mediumship/spirit-possession categories live in Caribbean Espiritismo and Santería.

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Temple House Of God

Approved rendering: templo / casa de Dios / casa de Jehová
Transliteration: bayit (beit-Elohim / beit-YHWH)
Doctrine: Restoration of Temple Worship
Original: בַּיִת (בֵּית־אֱלֹהִים / בֵּית־יְהוָה)
Category: Temple Worship

Anchor term for the whole book. Must be taught as more than a construction project — the re-establishment of covenant worship itself.

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Priest

Approved rendering: sacerdotes
Transliteration: kohanim
Doctrine: Priesthood and Levitical Temple Service
Original: כֹּהֲנִים
Category: Priesthood

Collides with the Catholic ministerial priesthood. Must be taught explicitly as the old-covenant Aaronic/Levitical order, distinct from Catholic institutional priesthood and any generic NT ‘priesthood of believers’ concept.

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Altar

Approved rendering: altar
Transliteration: mizbeach
Doctrine: Restoration of Temple Worship
Original: מִזְבֵּח
Category: Temple Worship

Collides with Catholic usage denoting the site of the Mass. Must be taught as the OT sacrificial altar for burnt offerings under Mosaic law, not a Eucharistic referent.

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Burnt Offering

Approved rendering: ofrenda quemada
Transliteration: olah
Doctrine: Restoration of Temple Worship
Rejected alternatives: holocausto (permitted only with an explicit clarifying note; primarily evokes the 20th-century genocide in modern Spanish)
Original: עוֹלָה
Category: Temple Worship

Curriculum default is ‘ofrenda quemada’/‘ofrenda encendida.’ Flag every occurrence for theologian/native-speaker review.

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Sacred Vessels

Approved rendering: utensilios / vasos sagrados
Transliteration: kelim
Doctrine: Restoration of Temple Worship
Original: כֵּלִים
Category: Temple Worship

Must not be taught through a relic-veneration lens (monstrances, devotional objects with inherent power); significance is covenantal/historical, a visible sign of God’s reversal of exile’s judgment.

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Covenant

Approved rendering: pacto
Transliteration: berit
Doctrine: Rebuilding and Covenant Renewal
Rejected alternatives: contrato legal, alianza (accepted Catholic-tradition synonym per baseline, not primary here)
Original: בְּרִית
Category: Covenant

Inherited from Romans package (baseline exact match: ‘pacto’). Ezra-specific application: Ezra 10’s covenant to separate from illicit intermarriages is a community renewal-of-obedience covenant, distinct in scope from the Abrahamic/Davidic/new covenant lines the baseline entry primarily addresses in Romans. Do not present as a new redemptive covenant.

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Law

Approved rendering: ley de Jehová / ley de Moisés
Transliteration: Torat YHWH / Torat Mosheh
Doctrine: The Role of Scripture in Community Renewal
Original: תּוֹרַת יְהוָה / תּוֹרַת מֹשֶׁה
Category: Scripture

Inherited from Romans package (baseline exact match: ‘ley’). Ezra-specific application: presented POSITIVELY as the life-giving guide for a renewed community; avoid importing the Pauline law-versus-grace polemic, which is not this book’s emphasis.

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Eye Of God Idiom

Approved rendering: la mirada de su Dios / el cuidado de su Dios
Transliteration: ein elahah (Aramaic)
Doctrine: Providence and Divine Care
Rejected alternatives: el ojo de su Dios (FORBIDDEN literal rendering — activates ‘mal de ojo’ evil-eye folk superstition)
Original: עֵין אֱלָהָהּ
Category: Sovereignty and History

Aramaic idiom for divine watchful care (5:5). Never render literally; use non-literal rendering with an explanatory teaching note on benevolent providential oversight. Flag for theologian review.

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Fasting

Approved rendering: ayuno
Transliteration: tzom
Doctrine: Fasting and Humble Dependence on God
Original: צוֹם
Category: Confession and Repentance

Ezra proclaims a fast to seek God’s protection for the journey (8:21-23). Must be taught as humble dependence, not a merit-earning penitential act — directly connected to the baseline’s grace/merit cautions.

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Abomination

Approved rendering: abominación
Transliteration: to’evah
Doctrine: Separation from Syncretism
Rejected alternatives: cosa mala (softening, forbidden)
Original: תּוֹעֵבָה
Category: Separation and Syncretism

Strongest biblical term of religious censure describing the syncretistic intermarriage crisis (ch. 9); must retain full condemnatory force.

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Peoples Of The Land

Approved rendering: pueblos de la tierra
Transliteration: am ha’aretz
Doctrine: Separation from Syncretism
Rejected alternatives: paganos (pejorative, rejected per baseline convention)
Original: עַם־הָאָרֶץ
Category: Separation and Syncretism

Must be taught as a religious-covenantal distinction (resistance to idolatrous compromise), not an ethnic-exclusion narrative, given Latin American sensitivities around regional/racial hierarchy.

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Separated

Approved rendering: se separaron
Transliteration: nivdelu
Doctrine: Separation from Syncretism
Rejected alternatives: se segregaron (implies ethnic segregation, rejected)
Original: נִבְדְּלוּ
Category: Separation and Syncretism

Must be framed strictly as covenant faithfulness (rejecting idolatrous compromise), never as ethnic segregation or xenophobia (10:11).

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Foreign Wives

Approved rendering: mujeres extranjeras
Transliteration: nashim nokhriyot
Doctrine: Ethics of the Foreign Wives Resolution
Original: נָשִׁים נָכְרִיּוֹת
Category: Separation and Syncretism

Ethically sensitive narrative action (10:3, 11, 44). Must not be presented as an uncritical ethical model for modern marriage or immigration ethics; flag for theologian review for balanced pastoral framing.

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Exiles

Approved rendering: los del cautiverio / los desterrados
Transliteration: haggolah
Doctrine: Corporate Identity of the Restored Community
Original: הַגּוֹלָה
Category: Community

Technical community-identity term functioning throughout the book; must be rendered consistently across 1:11, 2:1, 6:21, 8:35, 9:4, 10:6-8.

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Grace

Approved rendering: gracia
Transliteration: chen / chesed
Doctrine: Royal Favor Distinguished from Divine Grace
Rejected alternatives: favor merecido, recompensa por buenas obras
Original: חֵן / חֶסֶד
Category: God

Inherited from Romans package (baseline exact match: ‘gracia’). Reserved strictly for theological/salvific favor; Ezra 7’s royal favor from Artaxerxes must use ‘favor,’ NOT ‘gracia’ (see royal_favor entry).

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Election

Approved rendering: elección
Transliteration: n/a (thematic)
Doctrine: God’s Sovereignty over Pagan Nations and History
Rejected alternatives: destino, suerte
Original: (thematic: God’s sovereign choice of Cyrus and of Israel)
Category: Sovereignty and History

Inherited from Romans package (baseline exact match). Not a primary lexical term in Ezra; available as cross-reference teaching vocabulary for God’s sovereign choice of Cyrus/Israel. Reserve for teaching notes only, never as a direct-text rendering, to avoid conflating Cyrus’s political instrumentality with the effectual, salvific calling doctrine Romans applies to believers.

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Providence

Approved rendering: providencia
Transliteration: n/a (thematic)
Doctrine: Providence and Divine Care
Rejected alternatives: destino, la suerte
Original: (thematic: Ezra 1, 5-8’s pattern of God’s unseen governance)
Category: Sovereignty and History

Inherited from Romans package (baseline exact match). Cross-reference term for the sovereignty theme running through chs. 1, 5-8; pair carefully with the ‘eye of God’ and ‘hand of the LORD’ idioms. Reserve for teaching notes, not direct-text rendering.

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Holy Spirit

Approved rendering: Espíritu Santo
Transliteration: pneuma hagion (Greek, Romans usage)
Doctrine: God’s Sovereignty over Pagan Nations and History (cross-reference / contrast term)
Rejected alternatives: una fuerza impersonal, un espíritu guía o ancestral

Inherited from Romans package (baseline exact match). Kept in this file to preserve the explicit boundary against reading Ezra’s ‘espíritu’ (Cyrus’s stirred will/disposition, ruach) as an indwelling of the third Person of the Trinity in an unbelieving king.

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Calling

Approved rendering: llamado
Transliteration: klēsis (Greek, Romans usage)
Doctrine: God’s Sovereignty over Pagan Nations and History (cross-reference / contrast term)
Rejected alternatives: vocación (narrow Catholic-culture sense of a call to priesthood/religious life)

Inherited from Romans package (baseline exact match). Kept in this file to preserve the boundary against conflating God’s sovereign, non-salvific commissioning of Cyrus (‘paqad’/‘encargar,’ see commissioned_appointed) with the effectual, salvific calling doctrine Romans applies exclusively to believers.

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Medium Risk Terms

God Of Heaven And Earth

Approved rendering: Dios del cielo y de la tierra
Transliteration: elah shemayya ve’ar’a (Aramaic)
Doctrine: God’s Sovereignty over Pagan Nations and History
Original: אֱלָהּ שְׁמַיָּא וְאַרְעָא
Category: God

Expanded form used in Aramaic Persian official correspondence (chs. 5-6); keep consistent with ‘Dios de los cielos.‘

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Stirred Up

Approved rendering: despertó / incitó
Transliteration: he’ir
Doctrine: God’s Sovereignty over Pagan Nations and History
Original: הֵעִיר
Category: Sovereignty and History

God’s sovereign, non-coercive providence acting through a pagan king’s genuine decision; learners must not read this as God overriding Cyrus’s will.

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Word Of The Lord

Approved rendering: palabra de Jehová
Transliteration: devar-YHWH
Doctrine: Fulfillment of Prophecy
Original: דְּבַר־יְהוָה
Category: Scripture

Explicit fulfillment of Jeremiah 25:11-12; 29:10 (1:1). Ties to baseline ‘prophecy’/‘fulfillment_of_prophecy’ framework.

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Holy

Approved rendering: santo
Transliteration: qodesh
Doctrine: Separation from Syncretism
Rejected alternatives: puro en sentido ritual
Original: קֹדֶשׁ
Category: Separation and Syncretism

Inherited from Romans package (baseline exact match: ‘santo’). Ezra-specific application: underlies ‘simiente santa’ (holy seed, 9:2), where set-apartness is religious/covenantal, not ethnic.

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Levite

Approved rendering: levitas
Transliteration: Leviyim
Doctrine: Priesthood and Levitical Temple Service
Original: לְוִיִּם
Category: Priesthood

Requires brief explanatory gloss distinguishing Levites from priests; no ready cultural analogue.

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Urim And Thummim

Approved rendering: Urim y Tumim
Transliteration: Urim veTummim
Doctrine: The Role of Scripture in Community Renewal
Rejected alternatives: objetos de suerte sacerdotal (risks occult-divination reading)
Original: אוּרִים וְתוּמִּים
Category: Priesthood

Transliterate with explanatory gloss framing as a divinely sanctioned high-priestly instrument, not occult divination or fortune-telling (‘vidente’/‘adivino’ per baseline ‘prophet’ guidance).

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Temple Servants Nethinim

Approved rendering: sirvientes del templo / netineos
Transliteration: Netinim
Doctrine: Restoration of Temple Worship
Original: נְתִינִים
Category: Temple Worship

Non-Levitical temple servant class; requires a brief gloss identifying this distinct servant category.

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Feast Of Booths

Approved rendering: fiesta de los Tabernáculos
Transliteration: Sukkot
Doctrine: Restoration of Temple Worship
Rejected alternatives: Sucot (transliteration rejected as primary form; unfamiliar to target audience)
Original: סֻכּוֹת
Category: Temple Worship

Fall pilgrimage festival observed immediately upon the altar’s rebuilding (3:4); requires OT festal-calendar explanatory note.

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Dedication Of The House

Approved rendering: dedicación de la casa de Dios
Transliteration: chanukkat beit-elaha (Aramaic)
Doctrine: Restoration of Temple Worship
Original: חֲנֻכַּת בֵּית־אֱלָהָא
Category: Temple Worship

Must be distinguished from the later annual Hanukkah festival, though etymologically related; teach as the one-time dedication event (6:16-18).

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House Of His Gods

Approved rendering: casa de sus dioses
Transliteration: beit elohav
Doctrine: Separation from Syncretism
Rejected alternatives: templo pagano (too generic; loses the plural-gods detail)
Original: בֵּית אֱלֹהָיו
Category: Separation and Syncretism

Plural ‘dioses’ must be retained to preserve the polytheism-vs-monotheism contrast (1:7).

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Go Up Return

Approved rendering: subir / regresar
Transliteration: alah
Doctrine: Rebuilding and Covenant Renewal
Rejected alternatives: ir (too flat; loses Exodus-echoing covenantal weight)
Original: עָלָה
Category: Covenant

Technical term for covenantal return to the land of promise, echoing the Exodus pattern; a flat ‘que vaya’ loses the resonance.

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Build Rebuild

Approved rendering: edificar / reconstruir
Transliteration: banah
Doctrine: Rebuilding and Covenant Renewal
Original: בָּנָה
Category: Covenant

Central verb of the doctrine; must be rendered consistently across chs. 1, 3, 5-6.

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Freewill Offering

Approved rendering: ofrenda voluntaria
Transliteration: nedavah
Doctrine: Freewill Giving and Stewardship
Rejected alternatives: diezmo (obligatory-tithe framing, distinct category), limosna / manda (transactional, merit-oriented folk-Catholic giving)
Original: נְדָבָה
Category: Covenant

Giving offered freely and joyfully, not under compulsion; must be distinguished from a folk-Catholic transactional-merit framework (candles, mandas).

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As It Is Written

Approved rendering: como está escrito
Transliteration: kakkatuv
Doctrine: The Role of Scripture in Community Renewal
Original: כַּכָּתוּב
Category: Scripture

Citation formula referring to the Law of Moses; Scripture governs worship practice, not human innovation or tradition.

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Scribe

Approved rendering: escriba
Transliteration: sofer
Doctrine: The Role of Scripture in Community Renewal
Rejected alternatives: secretario / copista (undersells Ezra’s authoritative scholar-teacher-priest role)
Original: סֹפֵר
Category: Scripture

Requires explanatory gloss at first occurrence (7:6): ‘escriba, experto en la ley de Moisés,’ to avoid a low-status copyist reading.

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Statutes And Judgments

Approved rendering: estatutos y decretos
Transliteration: chuqqim umishpatim
Doctrine: The Role of Scripture in Community Renewal
Rejected alternatives: leyes y ordenanzas (acceptable secondary variant)
Original: חֻקִּים וּמִשְׁפָּטִים
Category: Scripture

Torah’s binding legal-covenantal content Ezra is commissioned to teach (7:25); keep terminologically distinct from Persian administrative decrees.

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Hand Of The Lord Idiom

Approved rendering: la mano de Jehová su Dios estaba sobre él
Transliteration: yad-YHWH alav
Doctrine: Providence and Divine Care
Original: יַד־יְהוָה עָלָיו
Category: Sovereignty and History

Recurring refrain (7:6, 9, 28; 8:22, 31) for divine empowerment; not a literal or superstitious touch-blessing. Distinguish from folk-Catholic touch-relic devotional practice and curanderismo’s ritual physical touch for healing.

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Commissioned Appointed

Approved rendering: encargar / encomendar
Transliteration: paqad
Doctrine: God’s Sovereignty over Pagan Nations and History
Original: פָּקַד
Category: Sovereignty and History

Cyrus’s own description of his divine commission (1:2). Teaching note: distinguish God’s sovereign use of an unbelieving instrument from the saving, effectual call given to believers (baseline ‘calling’/‘divine_calling’ doctrine).

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Royal Favor

Approved rendering: favor
Transliteration: chen
Doctrine: Royal Favor Distinguished from Divine Grace
Rejected alternatives: gracia (FORBIDDEN — reserved strictly for the baseline’s theological/salvific sense)
Original: חֵן
Category: Administrative

Artaxerxes’ political goodwill toward Ezra (7:28). Must NOT be rendered ‘gracia’; that would conflate imperial goodwill with the baseline’s Critical/High salvific-grace doctrine (Romans 3-4, 11:5-6).

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Sin

Approved rendering: pecado
Transliteration: chatta’ah / avon
Doctrine: Confession and Corporate Repentance
Rejected alternatives: falta (softening euphemism, forbidden per baseline)
Original: חַטָּאָה / עָוֹן
Category: Confession and Repentance

Inherited from Romans package (baseline exact match: ‘pecado’). Ezra-specific application: underlies the confession/repentance vocabulary of chs. 9-10; never soften to ‘falta.‘

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Guilt Iniquity

Approved rendering: culpa / iniquidad
Transliteration: avon / ashmah
Doctrine: Confession and Corporate Repentance
Original: עָוֹן / אַשְׁמָה
Category: Confession and Repentance

Grounds the community’s corporate repentance in Ezra 9; must retain full moral weight alongside ‘pecado.‘

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Remnant

Approved rendering: remanente / resto que escapó
Transliteration: she’erit / pleitah
Doctrine: Confession and Corporate Repentance
Rejected alternatives: sobreviviente (too flat, strips remnant-theology resonance)
Original: שְׁאֵרִית / פְּלֵיטָה
Category: Confession and Repentance

God’s preserving grace amid deserved judgment; connects to broader biblical remnant theology.

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Assembly Congregation

Approved rendering: congregación / asamblea
Transliteration: qahal
Doctrine: Corporate Identity of the Restored Community
Original: קָהָל
Category: Community

Technical term for the formally gathered covenant community (ch. 2; 10:1, 12), not a random crowd nor a single modern local congregation. Render consistently across all occurrences.

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Prince Leader Nasi

Approved rendering: príncipe / líder
Transliteration: nasi
Doctrine: Persian Administrative Context
Rejected alternatives: gobernador de Judá (acceptable secondary variant)
Original: נָשִׂיא
Category: Administrative

Political/tribal leadership title applied to Sheshbazzar (1:8); thematic Davidic echo. Avoid overstating into a formal Messianic title.

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Low Risk Terms

Fulfilled Completed

Approved rendering: se cumpliese / cumplido
Transliteration: likhlot
Doctrine: Fulfillment of Prophecy
Original: לִכְלוֹת
Category: Scripture

Signals historical completion of a specific prior prophecy, not a loose thematic echo.

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Unleavened Bread

Approved rendering: panes sin levadura
Transliteration: matzot
Doctrine: Passover and Covenant Memory
Original: מַצּוֹת
Category: Temple Worship

Companion element of the Passover celebration; tied to the mandatory Passover gloss.

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Foundation

Approved rendering: fundamento / cimiento
Transliteration: yesod
Doctrine: Rebuilding and Covenant Renewal
Original: יְסוֹד
Category: Covenant

Laying the temple’s foundation marks the definitive start of covenant renewal.

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Heads Of Families

Approved rendering: jefes de familia
Transliteration: rashei ha’avot
Doctrine: Corporate Identity of the Restored Community
Original: רָאשֵׁי הָאָבוֹת
Category: Community

Clan/family patriarchal leaders; minimal doctrinal weight.

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Strengthened Supported

Approved rendering: fortalecieron / ayudaron
Transliteration: chizzequ
Doctrine: Rebuilding and Covenant Renewal
Original: חִזְּקוּ
Category: Community

Communal-support dimension of rebuilding (1:6); minor doctrinal weight.

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Governor Title

Approved rendering: gobernador
Transliteration: Tirshata / pechah
Doctrine: Persian Administrative Context
Original: תִּרְשָׁתָא / פֶּחָה
Category: Administrative

Render consistently across occurrences applied to Zerubbabel, Tattenai, and other officials.

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Letter Document

Approved rendering: carta / informe
Transliteration: nishtevana (Aramaic)
Doctrine: Persian Administrative Context
Original: נִשְׁתְּוָנָא
Category: Administrative

Official administrative correspondence to the Persian court (ch. 4).

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Work Ceased

Approved rendering: se detuvo / cesó
Transliteration: betelah (Aramaic)
Doctrine: Opposition and Perseverance in the Work of God
Original: בְּטֵלָה
Category: Administrative

Rebuilding work halted by royal decree (4:24); ties to the rebuilding-vs-opposition narrative tension.

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Adversaries

Approved rendering: adversarios / enemigos
Transliteration: tzarim / be’el devavin (Aramaic)
Doctrine: Opposition and Perseverance in the Work of God
Original: צָרִים / בְּעֵל דְּבָבִין
Category: Administrative

Local opposition seeking to halt the rebuilding (ch. 4).

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Repair Of The House

Approved rendering: reparación de la casa
Transliteration: bedaq beita (Aramaic)
Doctrine: Persian Administrative Context
Original: בְּדָק בַּיתָא
Category: Administrative

Formal Persian administrative phrase authorizing temple reconstruction (ch. 6).

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Memorandum Record

Approved rendering: memorial / registro
Transliteration: dikrona (Aramaic)
Doctrine: Persian Administrative Context
Original: דְּכְרָנָה
Category: Administrative

Archival record recovering Cyrus’s original decree (6:2).

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Gentiles

Approved rendering: gentiles
Transliteration: goyim
Doctrine: Separation from Syncretism
Rejected alternatives: paganos (pejorative in modern Spanish)
Original: גּוֹיִם (cross-reference concept)
Category: Separation and Syncretism

Inherited from Romans package (baseline exact match: ‘gentiles’). Not a direct lexical match for Ezra’s ‘peoples of the land,’ but available for cross-reference teaching drawing NT parallels.

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Prophet

Approved rendering: profeta
Transliteration: navi
Doctrine: The Role of Scripture in Community Renewal
Rejected alternatives: vidente, adivino
Original: נָבִיא
Category: Scripture

Inherited from Romans package (baseline exact match: ‘profeta’). Ezra-specific application: Haggai and Zechariah (ch. 5) actively spur covenant-renewal action.

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Prophecy

Approved rendering: profecía
Transliteration: nevu’ah
Doctrine: Fulfillment of Prophecy
Rejected alternatives: horóscopo, predicción esotérica
Original: נְבוּאָה
Category: Scripture

Inherited from Romans package (baseline exact match: ‘profecía’). Ezra-specific application: Jeremiah’s prophecy fulfilled in 1:1.

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Thanksgiving

Approved rendering: acción de gracias
Transliteration: todah / hodu
Doctrine: Rebuilding and Covenant Renewal
Original: תּוֹדָה / הוֹדוּ
Category: Confession and Repentance

Inherited from Romans package (baseline exact match). Ezra-specific application: communal thanksgiving sung at the temple foundation-laying (3:11).

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Israel

Approved rendering: Israel
Transliteration: Yisra’el
Doctrine: Corporate Identity of the Restored Community
Original: יִשְׂרָאֵל
Category: Proper Names

Inherited from Romans package (baseline exact match). The covenant people; the returned community’s self-identity throughout Ezra.

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David

Approved rendering: David
Transliteration: Dawid
Doctrine: Rebuilding and Covenant Renewal
Original: דָּוִד
Category: Proper Names

Inherited from Romans package (baseline exact match). Background reference for Zerubbabel’s Davidic line and the temple’s Solomonic precedent.

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Esdras Book Title

Approved rendering: Esdras
Transliteration: Ezra
Doctrine: Proper Names
Rejected alternatives: Ezra (never used as the book title in Spanish Bible tradition)
Original: עֶזְרָא
Category: Proper Names

Established Spanish Bible tradition (Reina-Valera, Biblia de Jerusalén, Latinoamericana) titles the book ‘Esdras.’ Mandatory.

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Esdras Person

Approved rendering: Esdras
Transliteration: Ezra
Doctrine: Proper Names
Original: עֶזְרָא
Category: Proper Names

The scribe-priest who leads the second wave of returnees and the community’s spiritual renewal (chs. 7-10). Same naming convention as the book title.

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Cyrus

Approved rendering: Ciro
Transliteration: Koresh
Doctrine: Proper Names
Original: כֹּרֶשׁ
Category: Proper Names

Standard Spanish Bible form.

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Persia

Approved rendering: Persia
Transliteration: Paras
Doctrine: Proper Names
Original: פָּרַס
Category: Proper Names

Standard.

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Jeremiah

Approved rendering: Jeremías
Transliteration: Yirmeyah
Doctrine: Proper Names
Original: יִרְמְיָה
Category: Proper Names

Standard Spanish Bible form.

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Jerusalem

Approved rendering: Jerusalén
Transliteration: Yerushalayim
Doctrine: Proper Names
Original: יְרוּשָׁלַםִ
Category: Proper Names

Standard.

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Judah

Approved rendering: Judá
Transliteration: Yehudah
Doctrine: Proper Names
Original: יְהוּדָה
Category: Proper Names

Standard.

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Nebuchadnezzar

Approved rendering: Nabucodonosor
Transliteration: Nevukhadnetzar
Doctrine: Proper Names
Original: נְבוּכַדְנֶצַּר
Category: Proper Names

Standard Spanish Bible form.

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Mithredath

Approved rendering: Mitrídates
Transliteration: Mitredat
Doctrine: Proper Names
Original: מִתְרְדָת
Category: Proper Names

Standard.

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Sheshbazzar

Approved rendering: Sesbasar
Transliteration: Sheshbatzar
Doctrine: Proper Names
Original: שֵׁשְׁבַּצַּר
Category: Proper Names

Standard.

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Zerubbabel

Approved rendering: Zorobabel
Transliteration: Zerubbavel
Doctrine: Proper Names
Original: זְרֻבָּבֶל
Category: Proper Names

Standard.

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Darius

Approved rendering: Darío
Transliteration: Daryavesh
Doctrine: Proper Names
Original: דָּרְיָוֶשׁ
Category: Proper Names

Standard.

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Artaxerxes

Approved rendering: Artajerjes
Transliteration: Artachshasta
Doctrine: Proper Names
Original: אַרְתַּחְשַׁשְׂתְּא
Category: Proper Names

Standard.

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Tattenai

Approved rendering: Tatnai
Transliteration: Tattenai
Doctrine: Proper Names
Original: תַּתְּנַי
Category: Proper Names

Standard.

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Haggai

Approved rendering: Hageo
Transliteration: Haggai
Doctrine: Proper Names
Original: חַגַּי
Category: Proper Names

Standard.

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Zechariah

Approved rendering: Zacarías
Transliteration: Zekharyah
Doctrine: Proper Names
Original: זְכַרְיָה
Category: Proper Names

Standard.