Core Glossary

Core Glossary: Joel (English → Spanish)

How to Read This Glossary

Action column: REUSE = term already fixed in the baseline Romans translation_memory.json; must be used exactly as recorded there. NEW = term first introduced by this Joel curriculum; recommended for addition to translation memory at the next version increment.
Risk tiers follow the baseline’s four-tier system (Critical / High / Medium / Low) and drive the same review-routing rules already established in doctrine_risk_registry.json (Critical/High → human theologian; Medium → native speaker; Low → automated).
Citations use the versification note from 07_semantic_analysis.md: where Joel’s English and Reina-Valera chapter numbers diverge, both are given.

Core Passage Terms (Joel 2:28-32 / RVR 3:1-5)

Term (English)	Original (Hebrew / LXX Greek)	Transliteration	Spanish Rendering	Risk	Action	Doctrine	Notes / Rejected Alternatives
pour out	שָׁפַךְ / ἐκχεῶ	shaphak / ekcheō	derramar	High	NEW	Outpouring of the Holy Spirit	Teach as a definitive, once-for-all redemptive-historical act (fulfilled Acts 2), not a repeatable personal ecstatic experience to be sought via technique.
my spirit	רוּחִי / τὸ πνεῦμά μου	ruchi / to pneuma mou	mi Espíritu	Critical	REUSE (Espíritu Santo)	Outpouring of the Holy Spirit	Reuses baseline “Espíritu Santo” cautions verbatim: personal, not an impersonal force or ancestral/guide spirit (Espiritismo, Santería risk).
all flesh	כָּל־בָּשָׂר / πᾶσαν σάρκα	kol-basar / pasan sarka	toda carne	Medium	NEW	Outpouring of the Holy Spirit; universal scope	Preserve unqualified universality; parallels baseline “universal_scope_of_gospel.”
prophesy	נבא (niphal) / προφητεύσουσιν	naba / prophēteusousin	profetizar	Medium	REUSE (profeta/profecía family, but elevated)	Outpouring of the Holy Spirit	Baseline rates profeta/profecía Low; elevate to Medium in this cluster due to adjacency with dreams/visions.
dream dreams	חֲלוֹמוֹת יֶחֱלֹמוּ / ἐνυπνίοις ἐνυπνιασθήσονται	chalomot yechelomu	soñará sueños	High	NEW	Outpouring of the Holy Spirit	High collision risk with folk-spiritist dream divination; requires explicit teaching note every occurrence.
see visions	חֶזְיֹנוֹת יִרְאוּ / ὁράσεις ὄψονται	chezyonot yir’u	verán visiones	High	NEW	Outpouring of the Holy Spirit	Same collision risk as “dream dreams”; pair both terms with a note distinguishing Spirit-given revelation from divination/videncia.
servants and handmaids	עֲבָדִים / שְׁפָחוֹת / δούλους / δούλας	avadim / shephachot	siervos y siervas	Medium	NEW	Outpouring of the Holy Spirit; universal scope	Class-crossing parallel to baseline’s ethnic “no distinction” doctrine.
wonders	מוֹפְתִים / τέρατα	mophtim / terata	maravillas / prodigios	Low	NEW	Day of the Lord	Standard apocalyptic register.
blood, fire, pillars of smoke	דָּם וָאֵשׁ וְתִימְרוֹת עָשָׁן	dam va’esh vetimrot ashan	sangre, fuego y columnas de humo	Low	NEW	Day of the Lord	Symbolic judgment imagery.
the great and terrible day of the LORD	יוֹם יְהוָה הַגָּדוֹל וְהַנּוֹרָא / ἡμέρα κυρίου ἡ μεγάλη καὶ ἐπιφανής	yom YHWH ha-gadol vehanora’	el día grande y terrible de Jehová / del Señor	Critical	NEW	The Day of the Lord	MUST be disambiguated from popular Catholic “el día del Señor” = Sunday. Highest-priority new Critical term in this curriculum.
sun to darkness / moon to blood	הַשֶּׁמֶשׁ יֵהָפֵךְ לְחֹשֶׁךְ וְהַיָּרֵחַ לְדָם	hashemesh yehafekh lechoshekh vehayareach ledam	el sol se convertirá en tinieblas, y la luna en sangre	Medium	NEW	Day of the Lord	Guard against astrological/horoscope misreading; cf. baseline rejection of “horóscopo” for “prophecy.”
whosoever shall call on the name of the LORD	כֹּל אֲשֶׁר־יִקְרָא בְּשֵׁם יְהוָה / πᾶς ὃς ἂν ἐπικαλέσηται τὸ ὄνομα κυρίου	kol asher-yiqra beshem YHWH	todo aquel que invoque el nombre de Jehová/del Señor	Critical	REUSE (Señor)	Repentance and Return; Salvation	Must be verbatim-consistent with this Language Package’s Romans 10:13 rendering — this is its LXX source text.
shall be delivered / saved	יִמָּלֵט / σωθήσεται	yimmalet / sōthēsetai	será salvo	Critical	REUSE (salvación)	Salvation	Full baseline force of “salvación”: decisive reconciliation by faith, not sacrament/penance/intercessory-mediated outcome.
deliverance in Zion	פְלֵיטָה / σεσωσμένοι	pleitah	liberación / salvación en Sion	High	NEW	Salvation	Related to and reinforcing “salvación.”
remnant whom the LORD shall call	שָׂרִיד… אֲשֶׁר יְהוָה קֹרֵא	sarid… asher YHWH qore	remanente… a quien Jehová llame	High	NEW	Election; effectual calling	Direct doctrinal ancestor of Romans 9-11 remnant/election argument (baseline “elección,” High; “llamado,” High).

Joel 1 Terms

Term (English)	Original (Hebrew / LXX Greek)	Transliteration	Spanish Rendering	Risk	Action	Doctrine	Notes / Rejected Alternatives
locust (four-term set)	גָּזָם / אַרְבֶּה / יֶלֶק / חָסִיל	gazam / arbeh / yeleq / chasil	oruga, langosta, pulgón, revoltón	Medium	NEW	Locust Plague as Divine Judgment	RVR precedent set; teach as rhetorical total-devastation intensification, not four unrelated pests.
day of the LORD (first occurrence, 1:15)	יוֹם יְהוָה	yom YHWH	el día de Jehová	Critical	NEW	The Day of the Lord	Same Critical caution as core-passage entry above; first appearance in the book.
fast	צוֹם / νηστεία	tsom / nēsteia	ayuno	Medium	NEW	Repentance and Return	Risk of conflation with meritorious Lenten/penitential fasting tradition; teach as heart-expression, not merit-earning act.
sackcloth	שַׂק / σάκκος	saq / sakkos	cilicio / saco	Low	NEW	Repentance and Return	Standard mourning-rite vocabulary.
lament / wail	סְפֹד וְיֵילִילוּ	sephod veyelilu	lamentad, gemid	Low	NEW	Repentance and Return	Standard.
elders	זְקֵנִים / πρεσβύτεροι	zeqenim / presbyteroi	ancianos	Low	REUSE (pattern; not a Romans-specific doctrine term but same word)	—	Unambiguous.
priests / ministers of the altar	הַכֹּהֲנִים / מְשָׁרְתֵי מִזְבֵּחַ	kohanim / mesharethei mizbeach	sacerdotes / ministros del altar	Low	NEW	—	Standard OT cultic vocabulary; requires OT background catechesis, not lexical caution.
grain offering / drink offering	מִנְחָה / נֵסֶךְ	minchah / nesek	ofrenda / libación	Low	NEW	—	Requires OT sacrificial-system background.
holy convocation / solemn assembly	מִקְרָא־קֹדֶשׁ / עֲצָרָה	miqra-qodesh / atsarah	congregación santa / asamblea solemne	Medium	NEW	—	Preserve gravity of sacred, God-summoned gathering.

Joel 2:1-27 Terms (beyond core passage)

Term (English)	Original (Hebrew / LXX Greek)	Transliteration	Spanish Rendering	Risk	Action	Doctrine	Notes / Rejected Alternatives
blow the trumpet	תִּקְעוּ שׁוֹפָר / σαλπίσατε	tiq’u shophar	tocad trompeta / shofar	Low	NEW	Day of the Lord	Standard alarm-signal imagery.
northern army (locust-as-army)	הַצְּפוֹנִי	hatsephoni	ejército del norte	Medium	NEW	Locust Plague as Divine Judgment	Metaphorical military framing of the locust judgment.
rend your heart, not your garments	קִרְעוּ לְבַבְכֶם וְאַל־בִּגְדֵיכֶם	qir’u levavkhem ve’al-bigdeikhem	rasgad vuestro corazón, y no vuestros vestidos	High	NEW	Repentance and Return	Interpretive key for all outward-mourning vocabulary in the book; internal vs. external religiosity.
return / turn (shuv)	שׁוּבוּ עָדַי / ἐπιστράφητε πρός με	shuvu adai / epistraphēte pros me	convertíos a mí / volved a mí	High	NEW	Repentance and Return	RVR uses “convertíos”; strong risk of being heard as “convert to a religion” rather than a covenant people’s return. Pair with “volved/regresad” gloss.
gracious and merciful, slow to anger	חַנּוּן וְרַחוּם אֶרֶךְ אַפַּיִם	channun verachum erek appayim	clemente y misericordioso, tardo para la ira	Medium	NEW	Repentance and Return	Related to but distinct from baseline “gracia”; avoid merit-cooperation drift.
the LORD’s jealousy for his land	וַיְקַנֵּא יְהוָה לְאַרְצוֹ	vayeqanne YHWH le’artso	Jehová tuvo celo de su tierra	High	NEW	Restoration and Blessing	”Celos” in everyday Spanish connotes petty romantic possessiveness; must be taught as righteous covenant zeal.
restore the years the locust has eaten	וְשִׁלַּמְתִּי לָכֶם אֶת־הַשָּׁנִים	veshillamti lakhem et-hashanim	restituiré/restauraré los años que comió la langosta	Medium	NEW	Restoration and Blessing	Teach as flowing from restored relationship, not an automatic prosperity guarantee.
you shall know that I am the LORD	וִידַעְתֶּם כִּי־אֲנִי יְהוָה	vidatem ki-ani YHWH	sabréis que yo soy Jehová	Medium	NEW	Restoration and Blessing	Relational/experiential knowledge, not mere intellectual assent.
never again be ashamed	וְלֹא־יֵבֹשׁוּ עַמִּי לְעוֹלָם	velo-yevoshu ammi le’olam	mi pueblo nunca más será avergonzado	Medium	NEW	Restoration and Blessing	Resonates with baseline “assurance_of_salvation” doctrine; flag for cross-curriculum consistency.

Joel 3 / RVR 4 Terms

Term (English)	Original (Hebrew / LXX Greek)	Transliteration	Spanish Rendering	Risk	Action	Doctrine	Notes / Rejected Alternatives
Valley of Jehoshaphat / Valley of Decision	עֵמֶק יְהוֹשָׁפָט / עֵמֶק הֶחָרוּץ	Emeq Yehoshaphat / Emeq HeCharutz	el valle de Josafat / el valle de la Decisión	Medium	NEW	Day of the Lord (judgment on nations)	Wordplay: “Josafat” = “Jehová juzga”; teach explicitly.
put in the sickle, the harvest is ripe	קִצְרוּ כִּי בָשַׁל קָצִיר	qitsru ki vashal qatsir	meted la hoz, porque la mies está madura	Medium	NEW	Day of the Lord	Harvest/judgment-ripeness imagery; cross-reference to future Revelation curriculum.
the LORD roars from Zion / is a refuge	יְהוָה מִצִּיּוֹן יִשְׁאָג / וּמַחֲסֶה לְעַמּוֹ	YHWH mitsiyyon yish’ag / umachaseh le’ammo	Jehová rugirá desde Sion / refugio para su pueblo	Low	NEW	Restoration and Blessing	Standard lion/refuge imagery.
no stranger shall pass through her anymore	וְלֹא־יַעְבְרוּ־בָהּ עוֹד זָרִים	velo-ya’avru-vah od zarim	nunca más pasará por ella extraño	High	NEW	Restoration and Blessing	Sensitive collision with contemporary immigration discourse; teach as covenantal holiness/protection language, not ethnic-exclusion policy.
mountains drip new wine / fountain from the house of the LORD	יִטְּפוּ הֶהָרִים עָסִיס / וּמַעְיָן מִבֵּית יְהוָה	yittefu heharim asis / uma’yan mibeit YHWH	los montes destilarán mosto / saldrá una fuente de la casa de Jehová	Low	NEW	Restoration and Blessing	Edenic/millennial abundance imagery; anticipates Ezekiel 47 / Revelation 22 (flag for future cross-curriculum consistency).
the LORD dwells in Zion	וַיהוָה שֹׁכֵן בְּצִיּוֹן	va-YHWH shokhen betsiyyon	Jehová morará en Sion	Medium	NEW	Restoration and Blessing	Anticipates baseline’s incarnation/indwelling-Spirit doctrines.

Terms Reused Exactly from the Baseline Romans `translation_memory.json` (No Deviation Permitted)

Term	Baseline Spanish Rendering	Baseline Risk	Applies in Joel At
lord	Señor	Critical	Joel 2:32/3:5 (“nombre del Señor/Jehová”); throughout “day of the LORD” occurrences
salvation	salvación	Critical	Joel 2:32/3:5 (“será salvo”)
holy_spirit	Espíritu Santo	High	Joel 2:28-29/3:1-2 (“mi Espíritu”)
called / calling	llamado	High	Joel 2:32/3:5 (“a quien Jehová llame”)
election	elección	High	Joel 2:32/3:5 (remnant/election background)
prophet / prophecy	profeta / profecía	Low (elevated to Medium in this curriculum’s dreams/visions cluster)	Joel 2:28/3:1
holy	santo	Medium	”Monte santo” (Zion), “congregación santa”
sin	pecado	Medium	General repentance-call passages (implicit)
gentiles	gentiles	Low	Joel 3/4’s oracles against the nations (contextual, not identical referent)

Recommended Translation Memory Additions (for Phase 1 Step 2 / Version Increment)

The following NEW terms should be proposed for addition to translation_memory.json at the next version increment, all requiring human theologian review given Critical/High risk assignment:

day_of_the_lord → “día del Señor / día de Jehová” — Critical
pour_out_the_spirit → “derramar (el Espíritu)” — High
dreams_and_visions → “sueños y visiones” — High
return_repent (shuv) → “convertíos / volved” — High
divine_jealousy (qana) → “celo (de Jehová)” — High
remnant → “remanente” — High
no_stranger_shall_pass → “extraño/extranjero” (Joel 3/4 context) — High
locust_plague_terms → “oruga, langosta, pulgón, revoltón” — Medium
valley_of_decision → “valle de la Decisión / valle de Josafat” — Medium
fast (tsom) → “ayuno” — Medium

This glossary must be read alongside 07_semantic_analysis.md for full verse-by-verse and chapter-by-chapter argumentation, and cross-checked against the baseline translation_memory.json and bible_term_registry.json before any Phase 2 translation work begins.

Critical Risk Terms

Lord

Approved rendering: Señor
Transliteration: kyrios (LXX/NT) — reused for the Romans-established rendering of κύριος
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: Señor mío (devotional-only, without lordship claim over the whole of life)
Original: יְהוָה (Hebrew) / κύριος (LXX)
Category: God

INHERITED FROM ROMANS PACKAGE, reused exactly. In Joel this rendering governs only NT-quotation/kyrios contexts (e.g., teaching prose paraphrasing Acts 2). For Joel’s own Hebrew covenant name יְהוָה (YHWH), use the separate entry ‘yhwh_covenant_name’ (‘Jehová’) per Reina-Valera precedent — do not collapse the two into a single undifferentiated ‘Señor’ throughout Joel, or the ‘día del Señor’/Sunday collision (see ‘day_of_the_lord’) becomes unavoidable.

Salvation

Approved rendering: salvación
Transliteration: sōtēria (LXX/NT); cf. Hebrew yimmalet (deliverance) in Joel 2:32/RVR 3:5
Doctrine: Salvation
Rejected alternatives: salvarse por buenas obras, merecer el cielo mediante sacramentos y penitencia
Original: יִמָּלֵט (Hebrew, niphal of malat) / σωθήσεται (LXX, future passive of sōzō)
Category: Salvation

INHERITED FROM ROMANS PACKAGE, reused exactly. In Joel 2:32 (RVR 3:5) the verb form ‘será salvo’ carries this same full baseline force: decisive reconciliation with God received by calling on him in faith, not a lifelong uncertain outcome secured through sacrament, penance, or saintly/Marian intercession. This is the LXX source verb (σωθήσεται) Paul later uses in Romans 10:13.

Holy Spirit

Approved rendering: Espíritu Santo
Transliteration: pneuma hagion (LXX/NT); cf. Hebrew ruchi (“my spirit”) in Joel 2:28/RVR 3:1
Doctrine: Sanctification; Outpouring of the Holy Spirit
Rejected alternatives: una fuerza impersonal, un espíritu guía o ancestral
Original: πνεῦμα ἅγιον (LXX/NT); cf. רוּחִי in Joel 2:28
Category: God

INHERITED FROM ROMANS PACKAGE, reused exactly. Governs Joel’s ‘mi Espíritu’ (2:28-29/RVR 3:1-2): the personal third Person of the Trinity, not an impersonal force, ancestral spirit, or ‘guide spirit’ invoked in Espiritismo and Santería — a doubly live risk in Joel because the adjoining dreams/visions imagery overlaps with folk-spiritist dream-interpretation practice.

Day Of The Lord

Approved rendering: el día grande y terrible de Jehová / el día del Señor
Transliteration: yom YHWH ha-gadol vehanora’ (Hebrew) / hēmera kyriou hē megalē kai epiphanēs (LXX)
Doctrine: The Day of the Lord
Rejected alternatives: el domingo (never; this is the Critical forbidden collision), un mal día (trivializing gloss)
Original: יוֹם יְהוָה הַגָּדוֹל וְהַנּוֹרָא (Hebrew) / ἡμέρα κυρίου ἡ μεγάλη καὶ ἐπιφανής (LXX)
Category: Eschatology

CRITICAL, book-specific risk absent from the Romans baseline. In mainstream Catholic and folk-Catholic Spanish usage, ‘el día del Señor’ overwhelmingly means Sunday (cf. catechetical ‘el Domingo, día del Señor’). Prefer ‘el día de Jehová’ wherever textually defensible; reserve ‘el día del Señor’ for contexts already disambiguated by an explicit teaching note or bridging an NT quotation (Acts 2, 1 Thess 5). Every occurrence requires a disambiguating gloss at first occurrence in every lesson unit, not merely once per book.

Call On The Name Of The Lord

Approved rendering: todo aquel que invoque el nombre de Jehová/del Señor será salvo
Transliteration: kol asher-yiqra beshem YHWH (Hebrew) / pas hos an epikalesētai to onoma kyriou (LXX)
Doctrine: Calling on the Name of the Lord for Salvation
Rejected alternatives: invocar a los santos o a la Virgen como mediadores (never; this is the intercession-collision risk already flagged in the Romans baseline)
Original: כֹּל אֲשֶׁר־יִקְרָא בְּשֵׁם יְהוָה (Hebrew) / πᾶς ὃς ἂν ἐπικαλέσηται τὸ ὄνομα κυρίου (LXX)
Category: Salvation

This exact clause is quoted verbatim in Acts 2:21 and Romans 10:13. MUST be verbatim-consistent with this Language Package’s established Romans 10:13 wording; any deviation breaks doctrinal consistency across Joel, Acts, and Romans simultaneously. Reuses baseline ‘Señor’/‘salvación’ cautions.

High Risk Terms

Called

Approved rendering: llamado
Transliteration: klētos (LXX/NT); cf. Hebrew qara in Joel 2:32/RVR 3:5 (‘a quien Jehová llame’)
Doctrine: Divine Calling; Remnant and Election
Rejected alternatives: convocado (bureaucratic/legal register)
Original: קָרָא (Hebrew) / κλητός family (LXX/NT)
Category: Salvation

INHERITED FROM ROMANS PACKAGE, reused exactly. In Joel 2:32/RVR 3:5 applies to the remnant ‘whom the LORD shall call,’ the direct doctrinal ancestor of Romans 9-11’s remnant-and-election argument.

Calling

Approved rendering: llamado
Transliteration: klēsis (LXX/NT)
Doctrine: Divine Calling
Rejected alternatives: vocación (in the narrow sense of a call to priesthood or religious life)

INHERITED FROM ROMANS PACKAGE, reused exactly. Not independently attested as a distinct lexical event in Joel but retained for cross-curriculum consistency with the ‘called’ entry above.

Election

Approved rendering: elección
Transliteration: eklogē (LXX/NT); cf. Hebrew sarid/she’erit background in Joel 2:32/RVR 3:5
Doctrine: Remnant and Election
Rejected alternatives: destino, suerte
Original: cf. שָׂרִיד / בְּחִירָה concept background (Hebrew) / ἐκλογή (LXX/NT)
Category: Salvation

INHERITED FROM ROMANS PACKAGE, reused exactly. Underlies Joel’s ‘remanente’ (remnant) doctrine; avoid the fatalistic vernacular framing of ‘destino’ or ‘suerte’ common in everyday Hispanic speech, consistent with baseline caution.

Yhwh Covenant Name

Approved rendering: Jehová
Transliteration: YHWH
Doctrine: The Day of the Lord
Rejected alternatives: Señor (unqualified, throughout Joel’s OT covenant-name occurrences), Yahvé (used in some Catholic translations but not Reina-Valera precedent)

NEW. Reina-Valera tradition renders the Tetragrammaton ‘Jehová.’ This curriculum standardizes on ‘Jehová’ for Joel’s OT covenant-name occurrences (day-of-the-LORD formula, ‘Jehová tuvo celo,’ ‘sabréis que yo soy Jehová,’ etc.) specifically because it avoids the ‘día del Señor’ = Sunday collision that using ‘Señor’ throughout would create. ‘Señor’ remains correct only where Joel material is explicitly bridged to its NT (kyrios) quotation context.

Pour Out The Spirit

Approved rendering: derramar (el Espíritu)
Transliteration: shaphak (Hebrew) / ekcheō (LXX)
Doctrine: Outpouring of the Holy Spirit
Rejected alternatives: impartir poder espiritual (technique-flavored gloss)
Original: שָׁפַךְ (Hebrew) / ἐκχεῶ (LXX)
Category: God

Must be taught as a definitive, once-for-all redemptive-historical act fulfilled at Pentecost (Acts 2:17), not a repeatable personal ecstatic experience obtained through ritual or technique — a live risk given charismatic-folk devotional overlap in parts of the Spanish-speaking world.

Dream Dreams

Approved rendering: soñará sueños
Transliteration: chalomot yechelomu (Hebrew) / enypniois enypniasthēsontai (LXX)
Doctrine: Outpouring of the Holy Spirit
Rejected alternatives: interpretación de sueños (unqualified, invites a divinatory reading)
Original: חֲלוֹמוֹת יֶחֱלֹמוּ (Hebrew) / ἐνυπνίοις ἐνυπνιασθήσονται (LXX)
Category: God

High collision risk with folk-spiritist dream divination (curanderismo, Santería, Espiritismo) common across Latin America and the Caribbean. Requires an explicit teaching note at every occurrence distinguishing God-given, Christ-centered revelatory dreams from omens or divinatory technique.

See Visions

Approved rendering: verán visiones
Transliteration: chezyonot yir’u (Hebrew) / horaseis opsontai (LXX)
Doctrine: Outpouring of the Holy Spirit
Rejected alternatives: tener visiones / videncia (unqualified, invites a divinatory reading)
Original: חֶזְיֹנוֹת יִרְאוּ (Hebrew) / ὁράσεις ὄψονται (LXX)
Category: God

Same collision risk as ‘dream_dreams.’ Pair with a note distinguishing Spirit-given revelation from divinatory ‘videncia.‘

Remnant

Approved rendering: remanente
Transliteration: sarid (Hebrew); cf. LXX phrasing (euangelizomenoi, hous kyrios proskeklētai)
Doctrine: Remnant and Election
Rejected alternatives: los que sobrevivieron (flattens to a merely demographic reading)
Original: שָׂרִיד (Hebrew) / cf. εὐαγγελιζόμενοι, οὕς κύριος προσκέκληται (LXX)
Category: Salvation

Direct doctrinal ancestor of Romans 9-11’s remnant/election argument (baseline ‘elección’/High, ‘llamado’/High). Must not be flattened to a merely demographic survivor-group reading.

No Stranger Shall Pass

Approved rendering: nunca más pasará por ella extraño
Transliteration: velo-ya’avru-vah od zarim (Hebrew) / kai ou mē dielthōsin en autē eti allogeneis (LXX)
Doctrine: Judgment on the Nations
Rejected alternatives: prohibición de inmigrantes/extranjeros (never; misapplies covenantal-holiness language to modern immigration policy)
Original: וְלֹא־יַעְבְרוּ־בָהּ עוֹד זָרִים (Hebrew) / καὶ οὐ μὴ διέλθωσιν ἐν αὐτῇ ἔτι ἀλλογενεῖς (LXX)
Category: Judgment

Intersects live, sensitive contemporary Spanish-speaking-world immigration debates. Must be taught explicitly as covenantal-holiness/protection language about hostile defilement/invasion, not a template for modern ethnic or immigration policy — parallel to the baseline’s ‘gentiles’ caution.

Rend Your Heart

Approved rendering: rasgad vuestro corazón, y no vuestros vestidos
Transliteration: qir’u levavkhem ve’al-bigdeikhem (Hebrew) / diarrēxate tas kardias hymōn kai mē ta himatia hymōn (LXX)
Doctrine: Repentance and Return to God
Original: קִרְעוּ לְבַבְכֶם וְאַל־בִּגְדֵיכֶם (Hebrew) / διαρρήξατε τὰς καρδίας ὑμῶν καὶ μὴ τὰ ἱμάτια ὑμῶν (LXX)
Category: Repentance

The book’s interpretive key contrasting authentic internal transformation with mere external ritual mourning; governs every other outward-mourning term (sackcloth, fasting, lament). Must be taught explicitly, echoing the baseline’s caution against a penitential-merit framework for ‘santificación.‘

Return Repent

Approved rendering: convertíos a mí / volved a mí
Transliteration: shuvu adai (Hebrew) / epistraphēte pros me (LXX)
Doctrine: Repentance and Return to God
Rejected alternatives: convertirse (unqualified, standing alone without the ‘volved/regresad’ pairing)
Original: שׁוּבוּ עָדַי (Hebrew) / ἐπιστράφητε πρός με (LXX)
Category: Repentance

RVR precedent uses ‘convertíos’; strong risk of being heard as ‘convert to a new religion/denomination’ rather than a covenant people’s return from unfaithfulness. MANDATORY: pair with ‘volved a mí / regresad a él’ in the same sentence or footnote every occurrence.

Divine Jealousy

Approved rendering: celo (de Jehová)
Transliteration: vayeqanne YHWH le’artso (Hebrew) / ezēlōsen kyrios tēn gēn autou (LXX)
Doctrine: God’s Covenant Jealousy/Zeal
Rejected alternatives: celos (unqualified — never; overwhelmingly reads as romantic possessiveness in everyday Spanish)
Original: וַיְקַנֵּא יְהוָה לְאַרְצוֹ (Hebrew) / ἐζήλωσεν κύριος τὴν γῆν αὐτοῦ (LXX)
Category: God

In everyday Spanish, ‘celos’ overwhelmingly connotes negative romantic possessiveness. Must always be qualified (‘celo de Jehová por su pueblo/su tierra’) and taught as righteous covenant faithfulness-zeal, never bare.

Medium Risk Terms

Holy

Approved rendering: santo
Transliteration: hagios (LXX/NT); cf. Hebrew qodesh (e.g. Joel 2:1 ‘mi monte santo’)
Doctrine: Sanctification
Rejected alternatives: puro en sentido ritual
Original: קֹדֶשׁ (Hebrew) / ἅγιος (LXX)
Category: Covenant

INHERITED FROM ROMANS PACKAGE, reused exactly. Applies in Joel to Zion (‘mi santo monte,’ 2:1/3:17 RVR 4:17) and to the ‘holy convocation’ (see new entry); apply consistently to sacred space/assembly rather than the popular-piety sense reserved for canonized figures.

Sin

Approved rendering: pecado
Transliteration: hamartia (LXX/NT); presupposed as the covenant unfaithfulness underlying Joel’s repentance call
Doctrine: Universal Human Accountability
Rejected alternatives: falta (minimizing euphemism common in pastoral speech)

INHERITED FROM ROMANS PACKAGE, reused exactly. Joel’s own vocabulary focus is repentance/return rather than ‘pecado’ itself, but any teaching prose describing the condition Joel’s call to repentance addresses must use ‘pecado,’ never the softening euphemism ‘falta.‘

All Flesh

Approved rendering: toda carne
Transliteration: kol-basar (Hebrew) / pasan sarka (LXX)
Doctrine: Outpouring of the Holy Spirit; Universal Scope
Rejected alternatives: todo su pueblo (narrowing gloss that blunts the boundary-crossing force)
Original: כָּל־בָּשָׂר (Hebrew) / πᾶσαν σάρκα (LXX)
Category: God

Parallels the baseline’s ‘universal_scope_of_gospel’ doctrine (Romans 10:12-13). Preserve unqualified universality.

Prophesy

Approved rendering: profetizar
Transliteration: naba, niphal yinnave’u (Hebrew) / prophēteusousin (LXX)
Doctrine: Outpouring of the Holy Spirit
Original: נבא, niphal (Hebrew) / προφητεύσουσιν (LXX)
Category: God

Baseline rates the related nouns ‘profeta’/‘profecía’ Low in isolation; this verb form is elevated to Medium in the Joel 2:28-29 cluster because it appears adjacent to ‘dream dreams’ and ‘see visions,’ which carry substantially higher folk-religious collision risk.

Servants And Handmaids

Approved rendering: siervos y siervas
Transliteration: avadim / shephachot (Hebrew) / doulous / doulas (LXX)
Doctrine: Outpouring of the Holy Spirit; Universal Scope
Original: עֲבָדִים / שְׁפָחוֹת (Hebrew) / δούλους / δούλας (LXX)
Category: God

Class-crossing parallel to the baseline’s ethnic ‘no distinction’ doctrine (unity_of_jews_and_gentiles). Teach as a deliberate statement that the Spirit’s gift is not mediated by social rank.

Locust Plague Terms

Approved rendering: oruga, langosta, pulgón, revoltón
Transliteration: gazam / arbeh / yeleq / chasil (Hebrew) / kampē / akris / brouchos / erysibē (LXX)
Doctrine: The Locust Plague as Divine Judgment
Rejected alternatives: nombres de plagas agrícolas modernas no relacionadas (do not modernize/re-identify the species)
Original: גָּזָם / אַרְבֶּה / יֶלֶק / חָסִיל (Hebrew) / κάμπη / ἀκρίς / βροῦχος / ἐρυσίβη (LXX)
Category: Judgment

RVR precedent retained without alteration. Teach as rhetorical total-devastation intensification (wave-upon-wave judgment), not four unrelated agricultural pests; address via teaching note, not by changing the established wording.

Northern Army

Approved rendering: ejército del norte
Transliteration: hatsephoni (Hebrew)
Doctrine: The Locust Plague as Divine Judgment
Original: הַצְּפוֹנִי (Hebrew)
Category: Judgment

Metaphorical military framing of the locust judgment; ensure it is read as intensifying the locust plague, not as an unrelated separate invasion narrative.

Valley Of Decision

Approved rendering: el valle de Josafat / el valle de la Decisión
Transliteration: Emeq Yehoshaphat / Emeq HeCharutz (Hebrew) / koiladan Iōsaphat / koiladan tēs dikēs (LXX)
Doctrine: Judgment on the Nations
Original: עֵמֶק יְהוֹשָׁפָט / עֵמֶק הֶחָרוּץ (Hebrew) / τὴν κοιλάδα Ιωσαφατ / τὴν κοιλάδα τῆς δίκης (LXX)
Category: Judgment

‘Josafat’ = ‘Jehová juzga’ (Hebrew wordplay); teach explicitly so the symbolic force driving the passage is not lost on a Spanish-speaking audience.

Harvest Ripe

Approved rendering: meted la hoz, porque la mies está madura
Transliteration: qitsru ki vashal qatsir (Hebrew) / exaposteilate drepana, hoti parestēken ho trygētos (LXX)
Doctrine: Judgment on the Nations
Original: קִצְרוּ כִּי בָשַׁל קָצִיר (Hebrew) / ἐξαποστείλατε δρέπανα, ὅτι παρέστηκεν ὁ τρύγητος (LXX)
Category: Judgment

Harvest/vintage imagery for the ripeness of divine judgment; flag for cross-curriculum consistency with any future Revelation package.

Nations In Judgment

Approved rendering: las naciones
Transliteration: hagoyim (Hebrew) / ta ethnē (LXX)
Doctrine: Judgment on the Nations
Rejected alternatives: gentiles (do not conflate this judgment-context referent with the baseline’s positive Romans doctrine of Gentile inclusion)

The surrounding nations gathered for judgment in the Valley of Decision, distinct in function from the baseline’s positive ‘gentiles’ doctrine; teach the distinction explicitly to avoid confusing the two referents of the same underlying word group.

Fast

Approved rendering: ayuno
Transliteration: tsom (Hebrew) / nēsteia (LXX)
Doctrine: Corporate Lament and Fasting
Original: צוֹם (Hebrew) / νηστεία (LXX)
Category: Repentance

Risk of conflation with meritorious Lenten/penitential fasting tradition; teach as heart-expression, not merit-earning act.

Holy Convocation

Approved rendering: congregación santa / asamblea solemne
Transliteration: miqra-qodesh / atsarah (Hebrew) / klēsin hagian / panēgyrin (LXX)
Doctrine: Corporate Lament and Fasting
Rejected alternatives: reunión (flattens the sacred, God-summoned gravity of the term)
Original: מִקְרָא־קֹדֶשׁ / עֲצָרָה (Hebrew) / κλῆσιν ἁγίαν / πανήγυριν (LXX)
Category: Repentance

Preserve the gravity of a sacred, divinely convened assembly; do not flatten into an ordinary ‘reunión.‘

Gracious And Merciful

Approved rendering: clemente y misericordioso, tardo para la ira y grande en misericordia
Transliteration: channun verachum… erek appayim verav-chesed (Hebrew) / eleēmōn kai oiktirmōn… makrothymos kai polyeleos (LXX)
Doctrine: God’s Compassionate Character
Original: חַנּוּן וְרַחוּם… אֶרֶךְ אַפַּיִם וְרַב־חֶסֶד (Hebrew) / ἐλεήμων καὶ οἰκτίρμων… μακρόθυμος καὶ πολυέλεος (LXX)
Category: God

The classic Exodus 34:6 covenant-mercy formula. Related to but distinct from the baseline’s ‘gracia’ term; avoid drift toward the same merit-cooperation framing already flagged for ‘gracia’ in Romans.

Restore The Years

Approved rendering: restituiré/restauraré los años que comió la langosta
Transliteration: veshillamti lakhem et-hashanim (Hebrew) / antapodōsō hymin ta etē (LXX)
Doctrine: Restoration and Blessing after Repentance
Rejected alternatives: garantía automática de prosperidad (never; detaches the promise from repentance)
Original: וְשִׁלַּמְתִּי לָכֶם אֶת־הַשָּׁנִים (Hebrew) / ἀνταποδώσω ὑμῖν τὰ ἔτη (LXX)
Category: Restoration

Teach as God’s gracious relational response to repentance, not an automatic prosperity guarantee — a live risk given prosperity-gospel strands within Latin American Pentecostalism/Neo-Pentecostalism.

Know That I Am The Lord

Approved rendering: sabréis que yo soy Jehová
Transliteration: vidatem ki-ani YHWH (Hebrew) / kai epignōsesthe hoti egō eimi kyrios (LXX)
Doctrine: Restoration and Blessing after Repentance
Original: וִידַעְתֶּם כִּי־אֲנִי יְהוָה (Hebrew) / καὶ ἐπιγνώσεσθε ὅτι ἐγώ εἰμι κύριος (LXX)
Category: Restoration

Relational, experiential knowledge of God’s covenant faithfulness, not mere intellectual assent.

Never Ashamed

Approved rendering: mi pueblo nunca más será avergonzado
Transliteration: velo-yevoshu ammi le’olam (Hebrew) / kai ou mē kataischynthē ho laos mou eis ton aiōna (LXX)
Doctrine: Assurance of God’s People After Restoration
Original: וְלֹא־יֵבֹשׁוּ עַמִּי לְעוֹלָם (Hebrew) / καὶ οὐ μὴ καταισχυνθῇ ὁ λαός μου εἰς τὸν αἰῶνα (LXX)
Category: Restoration

Resonates with the baseline’s ‘assurance_of_salvation’ doctrine (Romans 8:1, 8:28-39); flag for cross-curriculum consistency.

Lord Dwells In Zion

Approved rendering: Jehová morará en Sion
Transliteration: va-YHWH shokhen betsiyyon (Hebrew) / kai kyrios kataskēnōsei en Siōn (LXX)
Doctrine: Assurance of God’s People After Restoration
Original: וַיהוָה שֹׁכֵן בְּצִיּוֹן (Hebrew) / καὶ κύριος κατασκηνώσει ἐν Σιὼν (LXX)
Category: Restoration

Anticipates the baseline’s Holy Spirit indwelling and incarnation doctrines (God dwelling with/in his people); useful forward-looking cross-reference.

Cosmic Signs Of The Day

Approved rendering: el sol se convertirá en tinieblas, y la luna en sangre
Transliteration: hashemesh yehafekh lechoshekh vehayareach ledam (Hebrew) / ho hēlios metastraphēsetai eis skotos kai hē selēnē eis haima (LXX)
Doctrine: Cosmic Signs of the Day of the Lord
Rejected alternatives: señales del horóscopo (never; astrological misreading)
Original: הַשֶּׁמֶשׁ יֵהָפֵךְ לְחֹשֶׁךְ וְהַיָּרֵחַ לְדָם (Hebrew) / ὁ ἥλιος μεταστραφήσεται εἰς σκότος καὶ ἡ σελήνη εἰς αἷμα (LXX)
Category: Eschatology

Guard against a purely astrological/horoscope reading; connects to the baseline’s existing rejection of ‘horóscopo’/‘predicción esotérica’ for ‘profecía.’ Quoted in Acts 2:20.

Low Risk Terms

Prophet

Approved rendering: profeta
Transliteration: prophētēs (LXX/NT)
Doctrine: Inspiration of Scripture
Rejected alternatives: vidente, adivino

INHERITED FROM ROMANS PACKAGE, reused exactly. Applies to Joel as the prophetic voice of the book itself.

Prophecy

Approved rendering: profecía
Transliteration: prophēteia (LXX/NT)
Doctrine: Fulfillment of Prophecy
Rejected alternatives: horóscopo, predicción esotérica

INHERITED FROM ROMANS PACKAGE, reused exactly. Distinguish Joel’s cosmic-sign material from astrology; see also new entry ‘cosmic_signs_of_the_day’.

Gentiles

Approved rendering: gentiles
Transliteration: ethnē (LXX/NT); cf. Hebrew goyim (‘the nations’) in Joel 3/RVR 4
Doctrine: Unity of Jews and Gentiles
Rejected alternatives: paganos (pejorative in modern Spanish)

INHERITED FROM ROMANS PACKAGE, reused exactly. CAUTION: in Joel 3/RVR 4’s oracles against the nations, the referent is the surrounding nations as objects of judgment for their treatment of God’s people, not the baseline’s positive ‘gentiles included in the gospel’ doctrine. Use ‘las naciones’ (see new entry ‘nations_in_judgment’) for that judgment-context referent instead, and do not conflate the two referents of the same underlying word group.

Sackcloth

Approved rendering: cilicio / saco
Transliteration: saq (Hebrew) / sakkos (LXX)
Doctrine: Corporate Lament and Fasting
Original: שַׂק (Hebrew) / σάκκος (LXX)
Category: Repentance

Standard mourning-rite vocabulary; low lexical risk.

Lament Wail

Approved rendering: lamentad, gemid
Transliteration: sephod veyelilu (Hebrew) / koptesthe (LXX)
Doctrine: Corporate Lament and Fasting
Original: סְפֹד וְיֵילִילוּ (Hebrew) / κόπτεσθε (LXX)
Category: Repentance

Standard vocabulary; no significant doctrinal risk beyond the general caution attached to ‘rend_your_heart.‘

Lord Roars From Zion

Approved rendering: Jehová rugirá desde Sion… y refugio para su pueblo
Transliteration: YHWH mitsiyyon yish’ag… umachaseh le’ammo (Hebrew) / kyrios ek Siōn anakekraxetai… kai kataphygē tō laō autou (LXX)
Doctrine: Assurance of God’s People After Restoration
Original: יְהוָה מִצִּיּוֹן יִשְׁאָג… וּמַחֲסֶה לְעַמּוֹ (Hebrew) / κύριος ἐκ Σιὼν ἀνακεκράξεται… καὶ καταφυγὴ τῷ λαῷ αὐτοῦ (LXX)
Category: Restoration

Standard lion/refuge imagery; low ambiguity risk.

Mountains Drip New Wine

Approved rendering: los montes destilarán mosto… y saldrá una fuente de la casa de Jehová
Transliteration: yittefu heharim asis… uma’yan mibeit YHWH yetse (Hebrew) / apostalaxei ta orē glykasmon… kai pēgē ex oikou kyriou exeleusetai (LXX)
Doctrine: Restoration and Blessing after Repentance
Original: יִטְּפוּ הֶהָרִים עָסִיס… וּמַעְיָן מִבֵּית יְהוָה יֵצֵא (Hebrew) / ἀποσταλάξει τὰ ὄρη γλυκασμόν… καὶ πηγὴ ἐξ οἴκου κυρίου ἐξελεύσεται (LXX)
Category: Restoration

Edenic/millennial abundance imagery; anticipates Ezekiel 47’s temple river and Revelation 22’s river of life — flag for future cross-curriculum consistency.

Zion

Approved rendering: Sion
Transliteration: Tsiyon (Hebrew) / Siōn (LXX)
Doctrine: Restoration and Blessing after Repentance
Original: צִיּוֹן (Hebrew) / Σιών (LXX)
Category: Covenant

Standard proper name across all Spanish Bible traditions; no ambiguity.

Jerusalem

Approved rendering: Jerusalén
Transliteration: Yerushalayim (Hebrew) / Ierousalēm (LXX)
Doctrine: Calling on the Name of the Lord for Salvation
Original: יְרוּשָׁלַיִם (Hebrew) / Ἰερουσαλήμ (LXX)
Category: Covenant

Standard proper name; no lexical ambiguity. Occurs at Joel 2:32/RVR 3:5.

Elders

Approved rendering: ancianos
Transliteration: zeqenim (Hebrew) / presbyteroi (LXX)
Doctrine: The Locust Plague as Divine Judgment
Original: זְקֵנִים (Hebrew) / πρεσβύτεροι (LXX)
Category: Covenant

Unambiguous standard term for the senior leaders summoned to lament and lead repentance.

Priests Ministers Of Altar

Approved rendering: sacerdotes / ministros del altar
Transliteration: kohanim / mesharethei mizbeach (Hebrew) / hiereis / leitourgountes thysiastēriō (LXX)
Doctrine: The Locust Plague as Divine Judgment
Original: הַכֹּהֲנִים / מְשָׁרְתֵי מִזְבֵּחַ (Hebrew) / ἱερεῖς / λειτουργοῦντες θυσιαστηρίῳ (LXX)
Category: Covenant

Standard, unambiguous OT cultic vocabulary; requires basic OT temple-worship background catechesis, not lexical caution.

Grain And Drink Offering

Approved rendering: ofrenda / libación
Transliteration: minchah / nesek (Hebrew) / thysia / spondē (LXX)
Doctrine: The Locust Plague as Divine Judgment
Original: מִנְחָה / נֵסֶךְ (Hebrew) / θυσία / σπονδή (LXX)
Category: Covenant

Requires OT sacrificial-system background, as with the baseline’s ‘seed_of_david’ note; terms themselves are lexically stable.

Blow The Trumpet

Approved rendering: tocad trompeta / shofar
Transliteration: tiq’u shophar (Hebrew) / salpisate (LXX)
Doctrine: The Day of the Lord
Original: תִּקְעוּ שׁוֹפָר (Hebrew) / σαλπίσατε (LXX)
Category: Judgment

Standard alarm-signal imagery; RVR precedent ‘trompeta’ as primary, optional parenthetical ‘(shofar)’ at first occurrence.

Wonders

Approved rendering: maravillas / prodigios
Transliteration: mophtim (Hebrew) / terata (LXX)
Doctrine: The Day of the Lord
Original: מוֹפְתִים (Hebrew) / τέρατα (LXX)
Category: Eschatology

Standard apocalyptic-register vocabulary; minor risk only if confused with entertainment-register ‘maravillas’ (spectacle).

Blood Fire And Smoke

Approved rendering: sangre, fuego y columnas de humo
Transliteration: dam va’esh vetimrot ashan (Hebrew) / haima kai pyr kai atmida kapnou (LXX)
Doctrine: The Day of the Lord
Original: דָּם וָאֵשׁ וְתִימְרוֹת עָשָׁן (Hebrew) / αἷμα καὶ πῦρ καὶ ἀτμίδα καπνοῦ (LXX)
Category: Eschatology

Stock apocalyptic imagery of judgment; teach as symbolic of impending judgment, not a literal meteorological forecast. Quoted in Acts 2:19.

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