Linguistic Gap Analysis — Book of Revelation

English → Spanish | PRD Phase 1, Step 8

---

Purpose and Scope

This analysis identifies where standard Spanish theological vocabulary is missing (no established term exists, requiring compounding or paraphrase), where it is crowded (an established term exists but competes with a strong rival meaning in the destination culture’s dominant religious tradition, requiring semantic “fencing”), and where a transliteration vs. paraphrase decision must be made explicit. It ranks the letter’s — here, the book’s — highest-risk ambiguities for Phase 2 translator attention.

This analysis governs the full 22 chapters of Revelation, not only the core passage (21:1-8). The core passage is the theological anchor of the curriculum (New Heaven and New Earth, covenant-presence formula, “it is done,” the vice-list of 21:8) but every chapter has been reviewed for load-bearing vocabulary; chapters contributing no new gap beyond what is already documented in 08_core_glossary.md and the Revelation additions to bible_term_registry.json are explicitly marked “reviewed, no new gap” in Section F rather than silently omitted.

This document extends, and does not contradict, the baseline Romans translation_memory.json/bible_term_registry.json or the prior Revelation 08_core_glossary.md. Where an item below duplicates a prior entry, it is repeated only insofar as necessary to state the gap-analysis rationale (why the term is missing/crowded), not to re-litigate the rendering decision already made.

---

A. Doctrine Vocabulary Matrix

For each doctrine named in the curriculum parameters, this matrix records the available Spanish term(s), their specific weaknesses, and the recommended handling strategy for Phase 2.

Doctrine	Available Spanish Term(s)	Weakness(es)	Recommended Strategy
The Return and Reign of Christ	Señor, Rey de reyes y Señor de señores, Ven Señor Jesús, reino de Dios	”Señor” alone is also the everyday honorific for any adult man (“señor García”); without contextual reinforcement, hearers may not register the exclusive-sovereignty claim. “Reino” can be heard as a future-only hope rather than an already-inaugurated reality (11:15).	Always pair “Señor” with a title-stacking construction (“Rey de reyes y Señor de señores”) at least once per lesson unit to reinforce exclusivity. Preserve the declarative aorist tone of 11:15 (“ha venido a ser”) against a softened future gloss.
The Sovereignty of God over History	providencia, el que está sentado en el trono, Todopoderoso, misterio de Dios	”Providencia” risks a deist, hands-off connotation in casual usage (“fue la providencia,” said fatalistically). “Misterio” collides with the Catholic sacramental sense of “los misterios” (of the Rosary/Mass) — see Section C.	Anchor “providencia” concretely to specific texts (17:17 — God directing even hostile powers) rather than using it as an abstract label. Gloss “misterio de Dios” (10:7) explicitly as unfolding historical plan, not ritual contemplation.
Perseverance and Faithful Witness under Persecution	fe/fiel(es), testimonio/testigo, paciencia/perseverancia de los santos, el vencedor	”Paciencia” defaults to passive tolerance in everyday Spanish; “testigo” alone under-translates martyrdom contexts; “vencedor” risks prosperity-gospel co-option. See ranked list, Section E.	Use “perseverancia” as the primary gloss alongside “paciencia” where the source stresses active endurance (13:10; 14:12); check every testimonio/testigo/mártir occurrence individually against context (see Section C); always teach “vencedor” against its 2:7–3:21 suffering-and-endurance context, never in isolation.
Judgment of the Wicked and Vindication of the Saints	juicio, lago de fuego, muerte segunda, Hades, abismo, juzgados según sus obras	Spanish popular usage flattens Hades/abismo/lago de fuego into one generic “infierno.” “Juzgados según sus obras” risks reading as works-salvation unless anchored to the baseline’s grace/justification caution.	Maintain three terminologically distinct categories (Hades = intermediate; abismo = demonic confinement; lago de fuego = final judgment) in every occurrence; explicit cross-reference note tying “obras” language to evidentiary, not meritorious, function.
The New Heaven and New Earth	nuevo/nueva, el tabernáculo de Dios, morará, río del agua de la vida, árbol de la vida	Spanish “nuevo” does not distinguish καινός (qualitative renewal) from νέος (mere chronological newness) — a true lexical gap (Section B). “Tabernáculo” is a low-frequency, archaic-sounding word for most contemporary readers.	Supply a standing teaching gloss (“nuevo, no simplemente reciente sino renovado en calidad”) wherever καινός occurs (21:1, 5); pair “tabernáculo” with comprehension support (“la morada, el lugar donde Dios habita”) rather than assuming the word is self-explanatory.
The Church as Bride of Christ	esposa, iglesia, bodas del Cordero, veinticuatro ancianos	”Esposa” collides with exalted Marian bridal titles in popular devotion (see Section C, highest-priority fence). “Ancianos” risks confusion with “presbíteros” (ordained clergy) if translators default to a more literal cognate.	Retain RV-tradition “esposa” (never “novia”) for consistency, paired with an explicit teaching note every occurrence that the Bride is the corporate redeemed people/New Jerusalem, not Mary. Retain “ancianos,” reject “presbíteros” categorically.
Worship of the Lamb	adorar, Cordero, digno, cántico nuevo, reino y sacerdotes, sello, siervos lo servirán	”Adorar” vs. “venerar” is the single highest-stakes worship-vocabulary fence in the whole book (Section C). “Sacerdotes” collides with ordained-clergy connotations. λατρεύω/προσκυνέω nuance has no single clean Spanish equivalent pair.	Reserve “adorar” exclusively for worship of God/the Lamb and its counterfeit (“adorar a la bestia”); never substitute “venerar” in these passages. Teach “reino y sacerdotes” as universal priestly access, not negation of church order. Use “servirán/rendirán culto” consistently for λατρεύω to keep it distinct from “adorar.”
Symbolic and Apocalyptic Interpretation	revelación/Apocalipsis (título), señal, símbolo, número, misterio	”Apocalipsis” in everyday Spanish primarily means “catastrophe/disaster” — a genre-level gap (Section B/D). Numbers (144.000; 666; mil años) invite either folk-numerological or narrowly literalist misreading.	Reserve “Apocalipsis” for the book’s title only, with a standing clarifying note; use “revelación” for the verb/concept within lessons. Teach every symbolic number’s function (totality, imperfection, disputed duration) explicitly rather than assuming self-evidence.
Assurance of God’s Final Victory over Evil	vencedor, Alfa y Omega, Hecho está, el que venía will ya no habrá maldición, dragón/serpiente antigua/diablo/Satanás	”Vencedor” (see above) risks triumphalist misreading detached from suffering. “Hecho está” (21:6) risks flattening to a mundane “ya pasó” that loses the τετέλεσται-parallel weight of finality.	Preserve “Hecho está” as a formal, weighty declaration, explicitly cross-referenced to Christ’s “Consumado es” (John 19:30) in teaching notes. Anchor “vencedor” to the Lamb’s own prior conquering (5:5) as the ground of the believer’s victory, not independent triumphalism.

---

B. Missing Vocabulary (True Lexical Gaps)

These are cases where no single existing Spanish word carries the source distinction; a compound phrase, teaching gloss, or paraphrase is structurally required — this is a gap in the language, not merely a risk of misuse.

Gap	Source Distinction	Why Spanish Lacks It	Required Compensation
καινός vs. νέος	Qualitative renewal (“made new in kind”) vs. mere chronological novelty	”Nuevo” covers both senses indiscriminately in ordinary Spanish; there is no dedicated lexeme for the qualitative sense	Standing teaching gloss at every occurrence (21:1, 5; cf. 2 Corinthians 5:17 background): “nuevo en calidad y naturaleza, no solo en el tiempo”
προσκυνέω vs. λατρεύω	Bowing/homage (external act of worship) vs. cultic priestly service (ongoing worship-as-service)	Spanish “adorar” and “servir/rendir culto” only loosely map onto this pair; overlap is common in casual usage	Fixed convention: προσκυνέω → “adorar” exclusively; λατρεύω → “servirán/rendirán culto” exclusively — enforced as an internal glossary rule, not a natural feature of the language
ὑπομονή (active, costly endurance)	Distinguished from resignation or passive waiting	”Paciencia” defaults to a passive, even fatalistic register in everyday Spanish (“ten paciencia,” “hay que aguantar”)	Prefer “perseverancia” as primary gloss; retain “paciencia de los santos” only as the fixed RV-tradition phrase, always taught alongside the active sense
ἀρνίον’s diminutive force	The paradox of a “little lamb” (vulnerability) who is simultaneously worshiped as sovereign	”Cordero” is accurate but neutral in register; Spanish has no natural diminutive that preserves both vulnerability and majesty without sounding either cute or archaic	Teaching note required at first occurrence (5:6) explicitly naming the paradox; no lexical fix exists
λαοὶ αὐτοῦ (deliberate plural)	Universalized covenant formula (“his peoples,” plural, across all nations) vs. the OT singular “my people” (Israel alone)	Default Spanish translation instinct collapses back to the more familiar singular “su pueblo”	Prefer “ellos serán su pueblos” / “pueblos suyos” with an explicit note on the deliberate plural; do not silently default to singular
Ἀποκάλυψις (genre sense)	“Unveiling of hidden hope and victory” vs. modern Spanish “Apocalipsis” = generic catastrophe	Complete semantic drift of the loanword in contemporary usage; the original sense is now a specialist, not popular, meaning	Reserve “Apocalipsis” for the book’s proper title only; use “revelación” throughout the body of teaching materials for the verb/concept, with a one-time explicit genre-correction note
ἐσφαγμένον (perfect participle)	“Having been slain — and bearing that scar permanently, even now enthroned”	Spanish “inmolado” is accurate lexically but does not carry the Greek perfect tense’s abiding-result nuance without added explanation	Teaching gloss: “inmolado, y que permanece mostrando las señales de su sacrificio” at first occurrence (5:6)

---

C. Crowded Semantic Neighborhoods Requiring Fencing

These are cases where an adequate Spanish term does exist and must be used, but it sits inside a semantic neighborhood dominated by a strong rival association from the region’s dominant religious culture (popular Catholic piety, folk-Catholic devotionalism, Espiritismo/Santería, or contemporary Jehovah’s Witness literature). Each requires an explicit “fence” — a standing teaching note preventing drift toward the rival sense.

Term	Established Rendering	Rival Neighborhood	Fence Required
ἅγιοι (corporate saints)	santos	Canonized, venerated intercessor-saints	Every occurrence, especially martyrdom contexts (17:6; 18:24), must repeat: “todo creyente, no exclusivamente los santos canonizados.” Highest-frequency fence in the book.
νύμφη/γυνὴ τοῦ ἀρνίου (Bride)	esposa	Marian devotional titles (“Esposa del Espíritu Santo,” “Reina del Cielo”)	Every occurrence must state explicitly: the Bride is the corporate redeemed people/New Jerusalem, not Mary.
προσκυνέω	adorar	”Venerar” (Catholic dulía/hyperdulía for saints and Mary, distinct from latría)	Never substitute “venerar” in worship-of-God/Lamb passages; use the text’s own refusal of worship to an angel (19:10; 22:8-9) as the anchor teaching moment.
εἰκὼν τοῦ θηρίου	imagen de la bestia	Historic Protestant polemic against Catholic devotional images/icons generally	Explicitly restrict condemnation to the text’s specific coerced cultic-idol referent; do not generalize into a polemic against sacred art.
Βαβυλὼν ἡ μεγάλη / ἡ πόρνη ἡ μεγάλη	Babilonia la grande / la gran ramera	Reformation-era polemical identification with the Roman Catholic Church/papacy	Teach as a recurring idolatrous socio-political-economic system across eras; explicitly decline any specific contemporary ecclesial target.
ᾅδης	Hades (transliterated)	Purgatorio, Limbo (Catholic intermediate-state doctrines)	Must never be rendered “infierno”; explicit note distinguishing Hades (temporary, pre-judgment) from both Purgatorio and Limbo as unrelated doctrinal categories.
βασιλείαν καὶ ἱερεῖς	reino y sacerdotes	Ordained Catholic priesthood (“sacerdote” = clergy)	Teach as every believer’s direct priestly access to God, adjacent to the baseline’s Reformation-Trent grace/justification fault line; frame as not necessarily negating church order.
σφραγίς	sello	Sacramental “sello” of Baptism/Confirmation in Catholic catechesis	Anchor to the apocalyptic-scroll/ownership-marking sense (ch. 6-8; 7:3-8), not sacramental impartation.
μυστήριον τοῦ θεοῦ	misterio de Dios	”Los misterios” of the Rosary/Mass	Teach as God’s unfolding historical redemptive plan (10:7), not ritual contemplation.
Μιχαήλ	Miguel	”San Miguel Arcángel” popular devotion (protection prayers, deliverance/exorcism rites)	Present as a heavenly warrior-servant under God’s command (12:7-8), never as an object of prayer or personal intercession.
ἀριθμὸς…ἑξήκοντα ἕξ / ἑκατὸν τεσσεράκοντα τέσσαρες χιλιάδες	666 / 144.000	Popular numerology/urban legend (666); Jehovah’s Witness literal “anointed class” doctrine (144.000)	Teach symbolic function explicitly; for 144.000, name and distinguish the specific rival JW interpretation rather than leaving it unaddressed.
ὁ νικῶν	el vencedor	Prosperity-gospel/triumphalist preaching (health-and-wealth “victory”)	Anchor every occurrence to the Lamb’s prior conquering through suffering (5:5; 17:14), never presented as independent personal-success language.
μαρτυρία/μάρτυς	testimonio/testigo(mártir)	Modern Spanish “mártir” narrows to “one who died”; risk of both under- and over-translation depending on context	Context-check every occurrence individually (see Section E, rank 3).
Ἀποκάλυψις (title)	Apocalipsis	Secular “catastrophe” sense in contemporary media	Reserve for book title only; explicit genre-correction note.
Ἁρμαγεδών	Armagedón	Secular “apocalyptic catastrophe” usage in Spanish-language media	Teach as a specific symbolic site of final gathering, not a generic doomsday word.
συναγωγὴ τοῦ Σατανᾶ	sinagoga de Satanás	Historic anti-Jewish polemic; live sensitivity given regional history of religious antisemitism	Explicit pastoral note: targets a specific first-century local dispute (2:9; 3:9), not ethnic Israel or Judaism as such.

---

D. Transliteration vs. Paraphrase Decision Log

Term/Title	Decision	Rationale
Ἄλφα καὶ τὸ Ὦ	Transliterate — Alfa y Omega	Standard across all Spanish Bible traditions; preserves the Isaiah 44:6 LXX echo that a paraphrase (“principio y fin” alone) would lose.
ᾅδης	Transliterate — Hades	Paraphrase risk is severe: any translated equivalent gravitates toward “infierno,” collapsing a distinct biblical category into final judgment. Transliteration preserves categorical distinctness (see Section C).
Ἁρμαγεδών	Transliterate — Armagedón, with mandatory teaching gloss	No natural paraphrase exists for a proper toponym; the risk lies in secular over-familiarity, not obscurity, so the fence is a teaching note, not a translation choice.
Γὼγ καὶ Μαγώγ	Transliterate — Gog y Magog	Proper names reapplied symbolically from Ezekiel; no paraphrase warranted.
Ἀλληλουϊά	Transliterate — Aleluya	Established liturgical transliteration across Spanish Christian tradition, consistent with baseline Amén convention.
Ἀββά (carried forward from Romans 8:15 usage, echoed thematically in Revelation’s Father/covenant-presence language)	Transliterate, paired with Padre	Per baseline precedent; not independently reintroduced in Revelation’s text but referenced in teaching materials connecting 21:7’s adoptive “hijo” to Romans 8’s Abba-intimacy.
Ἀποκάλυψις (as book title)	Transliterate/retain as loanword title — Apocalipsis (título); paraphrase within body text — revelación	Split decision: the title is too established to change, but the semantic drift of the loanword in ordinary usage requires the body-text concept to use the paraphrase “revelación” instead, with an explicit genre-correction note.
ὁ λόγος τοῦ θεοῦ	Paraphrase (compound title) — el Verbo de Dios / la Palabra de Dios	A single transliteration is not applicable (this is a translated title, not a proper noun); “Verbo” preferred as the traditional Johannine-Christological register term, cross-referenced explicitly to John 1:1,14.
Βασιλεὺς βασιλέων καὶ Κύριος κυρίων	Paraphrase (fixed compound) — Rey de reyes y Señor de señores	Superlative Hebrew-style repetition-of-the-noun construction has a well-established Spanish Bible-tradition equivalent; no transliteration applicable.
ἑκατὸν τεσσεράκοντα τέσσαρες χιλιάδες	Numeral, not transliteration — ciento cuarenta y cuatro mil (144.000)	Rendered as a literal number (as the source does), but flagged for an explicit paraphrase-level teaching gloss distinguishing symbolic totality from the JW literalist reading.
Μιχαήλ	Standard Bible-name translation, not transliteration — Miguel	Follows the established Spanish Bible proper-name convention (parallel to David, Israel), not a novel transliteration; devotional-collision risk is catechetical, not lexical (see Section C).
Βαβυλὼν	Standard toponym translation — Babilonia	Established geographic/theological proper name across all Spanish Bible traditions; no transliteration decision required, though the polemical-application fence (Section C) still applies.
ὁ Ἀμήν (Christological title, 3:14)	Retain the transliterated liturgical word as a title — el Amén	Same word already exists in Spanish liturgical usage as a response; retaining it as a title (rather than paraphrasing as “el que confirma” or similar) preserves continuity while requiring an explicit teaching note that this is a Christological self-designation, not merely a closing formula.

---

E. Ranked List of Highest-Risk Ambiguities

Ranked by the combination of (a) doctrinal centrality, (b) frequency across the book, and (c) severity of potential syncretism or misreading in the destination culture. All items below are Critical or High risk per the risk framework; see bible_term_registry.json (Revelation additions) for full per-term detail.

1. santos (corporate saints vs. canonized/venerated figures) — Highest-frequency Critical risk in the whole book; recurs across martyrdom, prayer, and vindication passages (5:8; 6:9-11; 8:3-4; 11:18; 13:7,10; 14:12; 16:6; 17:6; 18:24; 19:8; 20:9). The martyrdom framing intensifies the baseline Romans 1:7 risk substantially, since “los santos” whose blood is shed maps with unusual ease onto the historic company of canonized martyrs in Catholic popular imagination.
2. esposa (Bride of Christ vs. Marian bridal titles) — Critical; recurs at the book’s most climactic, evangelistically-weighted moments (19:7; 21:2, 9; 22:17), where a Marian misreading would corrupt the ecclesiology at the point of greatest pastoral impact.
3. adorar vs. venerar (worship boundary) — Critical; the text’s own self-correcting mechanism (an angel refusing worship, 19:10; 22:8-9) is the strongest available teaching tool in all of Scripture for this exact regional catechetical fault line, and it must not be blunted by a softened rendering.
4. imagen de la bestia (image of the beast vs. devotional images generally) — Critical; flagged as the single highest pastoral-sensitivity term in the registry, given historic Protestant-Catholic polemic risk running in both directions.
5. Babilonia la grande / la gran ramera (vs. historic anti-Catholic polemical identification) — Critical; spans three full chapters (14; 17-18) of sustained judgment oracle, making sustained restraint from anachronistic application essential throughout, not just at first occurrence.
6. Hades / el abismo / el lago de fuego (three-way apocalyptic-geography conflation) — Critical; popular usage’s habitual collapse of all three into one generic “infierno” concept threatens the entire judgment-doctrine architecture of chapters 6, 9, 11, 19-20.
7. la primera resurrección (vs. reincarnation/cyclical misreading) — Critical; the numerically-paired “first/second” language (20:5-6) is uniquely vulnerable in Caribbean and Afro-Caribbean contexts with active Espiritismo/Santería frameworks that already read “resurrección” against a cyclical backdrop.
8. la muerte segunda (vs. softened metaphor for earthly ruin) — Critical; fixed technical phrase (2:11; 20:6, 14; 21:8) appearing in the core passage itself (21:8) — any softening at this exact point undermines the entire vice-list’s force in the curriculum’s theological anchor text.
9. la mujer vestida del sol (vs. direct Marian identification) — Critical; genuinely disputed even among faithful interpreters, requiring the curriculum’s chosen corporate reading to be stated explicitly and non-polemically rather than assumed.
10. reino y sacerdotes (universal priesthood vs. ordained clergy) — High; sits directly adjacent to the baseline’s Critical grace/justification Reformation-Trent fault line and recurs at three structurally important points (1:6; 5:10; 20:6).
11. el vencedor (vs. prosperity-gospel/triumphalist co-option) — High; recurs as the fixed refrain closing all seven letters (2:7–3:21) plus the climactic 21:7 promise inside the core passage — misreading here would corrupt both the letters’ pastoral force and the core passage’s climax simultaneously.
12. testimonio/testigo/mártir (context-dependent semantic range) — High; requires individual, non-formulaic judgment at every occurrence (1:2, 9; 2:13; 6:9; 11:7; 12:11; 17:6; 20:4), making it a persistent Phase 2 workflow risk rather than a one-time fence.
13. ciento cuarenta y cuatro mil / 144.000 (vs. Jehovah’s Witness literal-class doctrine) — High; a specific, named, widely circulated rival doctrinal claim in Spanish-speaking populations that the curriculum must address directly rather than assume away.
14. paciencia de los santos (active endurance vs. passive tolerance) — High; compounds two separate gap issues (Section B’s ὑπομονή gap and Section C’s santos fence) in a single fixed phrase (13:10; 14:12).
15. sinagoga de Satanás (vs. anti-Jewish polemical application) — High; low-frequency (2:9; 3:9) but historically consequential misuse risk, requiring deliberate, explicit pastoral framing given the region’s own history of religious antisemitism.

---

F. Full-Book Chapter Coverage Log

Every chapter of Revelation has been reviewed for this gap analysis. Chapters whose vocabulary is fully covered by entries already established above (or in 08_core_glossary.md / the Revelation additions to bible_term_registry.json) are marked “reviewed, no new gap” rather than omitted.

Chapter	Load-Bearing Contribution	Status
1	Ἀποκάλυψις title; Alfa y Omega; Hijo del Hombre; llaves de la muerte y el Hades; los siete Espíritus; candelero	Covered above (Sections B, D)
2-3	el vencedor refrain; el testigo fiel y verdadero; el Amén; sinagoga de Satanás; corona de vida; ángel de la iglesia (ambiguity flagged for per-occurrence review)	Covered above (Sections C, E)
4	veinticuatro ancianos; santo, santo, santo (holy/holiness root-sharing with santos)	Reviewed, no new gap beyond Sections A/C
5	Cordero; digno; inmolado; León de la tribu de Judá/Raíz de David; cántico nuevo; oraciones de los santos (incense)	Covered above (Section B, C)
6	almas bajo el altar; sello (sixth seal); testimonio/testigo family (6:9)	Covered above (Sections C, E)
7	144.000; ciento cuarenta y cuatro mil; lavaron sus vestiduras en la sangre del Cordero; gran multitud/naciones	Covered above (Section E)
8-9	sello (trumpet judgments); el abismo; hechiceros (9:21 background)	Covered above (Section C)
10	misterio de Dios	Covered above (Section C)
11	dos testigos; reino de Dios declarative tone (11:15); templo (background, contrasts with 21:22)	Covered above (Sections A, D)
12	la mujer vestida del sol; dragón/serpiente antigua/diablo/Satanás; Miguel; la sangre del Cordero y la palabra del testimonio de ellos; el acusador	Covered above (Sections C, E)
13	bestia (mar); bestia de la tierra/falso profeta; marca de la bestia; número 666; paciencia de los santos	Covered above (Sections C, E)
14	ciento cuarenta y cuatro mil (reprise); Babilonia (first mention); cosecha/lagar; paciencia de los santos (14:12)	Covered above (Sections C, E)
15-16	Armagedón; Aleluya-adjacent doxology structure; adorar a la bestia/imagen de la bestia (reprise)	Covered above (Sections C, D)
17	Babilonia la grande; la gran ramera/madre de las rameras; sangre de los santos (17:6)	Covered above (Sections C, E)
18	sangre de los santos (18:24); Salid de ella, pueblo mío	Reviewed, no new gap beyond Section C
19	Aleluya; bodas del Cordero; el Verbo de Dios; Rey de reyes y Señor de señores; lago de fuego (first full appearance)	Covered above (Sections B, D)
20	primera resurrección; mil años/milenio; libro de la vida; gran trono blanco; juzgados según sus obras; muerte segunda; lago de fuego	Covered above (Section E)
21	Core passage. nuevo/nueva (καινός gap); el mar ya no existía; que descendía; esposa; el tabernáculo de Dios/morará; pueblos suyos; enjugará; Yo hago nuevas todas las cosas; Hecho está; Alfa y Omega (reprise); gratuitamente; muerte segunda/lago de fuego (21:8 vice-list); idólatras; hechiceros	Fully covered above; anchors Sections A, B, C, D, E
22	río del agua de la vida; árbol de la vida; ya no habrá maldición; verán su rostro; trono de Dios y del Cordero; siervos lo servirán; el Espíritu y la Esposa dicen Ven; gratuitamente (22:17); Ven Señor Jesús; profecía (book-sealing warning, 22:18-19)	Covered above (Sections A, B, D, E)

---

Summary for Phase 2 Handoff

• Zero true “missing vocabulary” blockers prevent translation — every gap in Section B has a documented compensation strategy (teaching gloss or fixed compound phrase); none require inventing new Spanish vocabulary.
• The crowded-neighborhood risks in Section C are the dominant translation challenge of this curriculum, exceeding in density and doctrinal weight what the Romans baseline required, because Revelation’s own subject matter (worship, sainthood, the Bride, judgment-geography, an idolatrous “Babylon”) sits directly on top of the destination culture’s most sensitive devotional and historical-polemical fault lines.
• The core passage (21:1-8) is disproportionately dense with Section A/B/C/D/E items (καινός, esposa, tabernáculo, pueblos suyos, enjugará, Hecho está, gratuitamente, muerte segunda, lago de fuego, idólatras, hechiceros) and should receive priority Phase 2 back-translation review.
• This analysis should be loaded alongside 08_core_glossary.md and the Revelation additions to bible_term_registry.json before Phase 2 segment translation begins; it supplies the why behind decisions the other two documents record as the what.