Core Glossary
Core Glossary — Titus (English–Greek–Spanish)
This glossary extends the baseline Romans translation_memory.json and bible_term_registry.json for the Titus curriculum. Terms marked “Baseline reuse” MUST use the exact Spanish rendering already recorded in the baseline Language Package. New terms specific to Titus are assigned a risk tier and rationale consistent with baseline conventions, for eventual incorporation into an updated translation_memory.json (version increment) in Phase 2.
A. Terms Reused Exactly from the Baseline Romans Language Package
| English Term | Greek (Transliteration) | Spanish Rendering | Risk | Doctrine Link | Titus References | Baseline Reuse Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Grace | χάρις (charis) | gracia | High | Grace That Trains for Godly Living; Salvation by Grace not Works | 1:4; 2:11; 3:7; 3:15 | Reuse baseline exactly; do not let “gracia” drift toward merit-cooperation. |
| Faith | πίστις (pistis) | fe | High | Sound Doctrine and Good Works | 1:1,4,13; 2:2,10; 3:15 | Reuse baseline exactly. |
| Righteousness | δικαιοσύνη (dikaiosynē) | justicia | Critical | Salvation by Grace not Works | 3:5 | Reuse baseline exactly; forensic/right-standing sense, not moral achievement. |
| Justification | δικαίωσις / δικαιόω (dikaiōsis/dikaioō) | justificación / justificados | Critical | Salvation by Grace not Works | 3:7 | Reuse baseline exactly; grounded explicitly “by his grace,” not works. |
| Salvation | σωτηρία-family / σῴζω / σωτήριος (sōtēria/sōzō/sōtērios) | salvación / salvó / salvadora | Critical | Salvation by Grace not Works | 1:4; 2:10,11,13; 3:4,5,6 | Reuse baseline exactly. |
| Apostle | ἀπόστολος (apostolos) | apóstol | Low | Apostleship (background) | 1:1 | Reuse baseline exactly. |
| Holy Spirit | Πνεῦμα Ἅγιον (Pneuma Hagion) | Espíritu Santo | Critical | Regeneration by the Holy Spirit | 3:5 | Reuse baseline exactly; personal divine agent of regeneration, not impersonal force. |
| God | Θεός (Theos) | Dios | Critical | (all doctrines) | throughout | Reuse baseline exactly. |
| Father | Πατήρ (Patēr) | Padre | Critical | (background) | 1:4 | Reuse baseline exactly. |
| Jesus | Ἰησοῦς (Iēsous) | Jesús | Critical | (all Christological doctrines) | throughout | Reuse baseline exactly. |
| Christ | Χριστός (Christos) | Cristo | Critical | Deity of Christ | throughout | Reuse baseline naming convention exactly. |
| Peace | εἰρήνη (eirēnē) | paz | Medium | (salutation) | 1:4 | Reuse baseline exactly. |
| Glory | δόξα (doxa) | gloria | Medium | Deity of Christ | 2:13 | Reuse baseline exactly. |
| Exhort | παρακαλέω (parakaleō) | exhortar | Low | Mutual Edification (background) | 2:6,15 | Reuse baseline exactly. |
| Election / Elect | ἐκλεκτός (eklektos) | elegidos | High | Divine Calling (background) | 1:1 | Reuse baseline’s elección pattern; avoid “destino/suerte” framing. |
| Sin | ἁμαρτάνω (hamartanō) | pecar / pecado | Medium | Universal Human Accountability | 3:11 | Reuse baseline exactly; do not soften to “falta.” |
B. New Terms Introduced by Titus (Not in Baseline)
B.1 — Critical Risk
| English Term | Greek (Transliteration) | Spanish Rendering | Doctrine Link | Titus References | Risk Rationale |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Savior (title) | σωτήρ (sōtēr) | Salvador | Salvation by Grace not Works; Deity of Christ | 1:3,4; 2:10,13; 3:4,6 | Applied to both Father and Son; 2:13’s “our great God and Savior Jesus Christ” is Titus’s clearest deity-of-Christ statement. Ambiguous punctuation/rendering could wrongly split one divine referent into two. Peer to baseline’s Critical Señor and Hijo de Dios entries. |
| Good works (soteriological contrast) | ἔργα (καλά) / ἔργα ἐν δικαιοσύνῃ (erga [kala] / erga en dikaiosynē) | buenas obras / obras de justicia | Salvation by Grace not Works | 1:16; 2:7,14; 3:1,5,8,14 | The central grace-versus-works tension of Titus, textually identical in force to the baseline’s Critical Grace/Justification fault line and Trent Session VI, Canon 24. Must render as fruit/evidence of grace, never as contributing cause. |
| Regeneration | παλιγγενεσία (palingenesia) | regeneración | Regeneration by the Holy Spirit | 3:5 | Trent/Reformation sacramental fault line (baptismal regeneration vs. Spirit-wrought new birth); also carries the baseline’s Caribbean Espiritismo/Santería reincarnation-collision risk (parallel to resurrección). Must be taught as decisive, once-for-all, Spirit-caused new birth. |
| Washing (baptismal) | λουτρόν (loutron) | lavamiento | Regeneration by the Holy Spirit | 3:5 | Directly implicated in the same baptismal-regeneration fault line as paligenesia; the Spirit, not the water itself, must be preserved as the causal agent in the Spanish rendering and teaching notes. |
| Elder (office) | πρεσβύτερος (presbyteros) | anciano | Qualifications for Elders | 1:5 | No lay congregational “elder” office exists in mainstream Catholic-heritage Spanish culture; risk of the word being heard as merely “old man” rather than a recognized teaching/governing office. |
| Overseer/Bishop | ἐπίσκοπος (episkopos) | obispo (anciano-supervisor local) / supervisor | Qualifications for Elders | 1:7 | Titus 1:5–7 identifies this office with πρεσβύτερος as one local role; unqualified “obispo” imports a diocesan/hierarchical ecclesiology foreign to the text. Requires mandatory clarifying gloss every occurrence. |
| Divisive/factious person | αἱρετικὸς ἄνθρωπος (hairetikos anthrōpos) | la persona que causa divisiones | Avoiding Divisive Controversies | 3:10 | NEVER render “hereje” — the term’s later technical sense carries Inquisition-era historical weight in Spanish-speaking culture disproportionate to Paul’s pastoral (twice-warned, then separate) congregational-discipline instruction here. |
B.2 — High Risk
| English Term | Greek (Transliteration) | Spanish Rendering | Doctrine Link | Titus References | Risk Rationale |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Godliness | εὐσέβεια (eusebeia) | piedad | Grace That Trains for Godly Living | 1:1; (ἀσέβεια 2:12; εὐσεβῶς 2:12) | “Piedad” in Spanish Catholic-heritage culture is strongly tied to devotional-practice piety (novenas, rosaries, Marian devotion); Titus intends whole-life godly character, not devotional observance alone. |
| Trains/disciplines (grace’s action) | παιδεύω (paideuō) | enseña / entrena / disciplina | Grace That Trains for Godly Living | 2:12 | Core verb of the curriculum’s first doctrine; must not be rendered merely “castiga” (punish, losing the formative sense), nor allow grace to be recast as a reward for prior discipline (inverting doctrine into merit). |
| Appeared / Manifestation | ἐπιφαίνω / ἐπιφάνεια (epiphainō/epiphaneia) | se manifestó / la manifestación | Grace That Trains for Godly Living (2:11); eschatological hope (2:13) | 2:11,13; 3:4 | Spanish “Epifanía” is fixed to the January 6 Magi feast in popular Catholic culture; risk of narrowing the broader theological claim (grace’s historical appearing and Christ’s future glorious appearing) to a single liturgical festival association. |
| Redeem | λυτρόομαι (lytroomai) | redimir | Salvation by Grace not Works | 2:14 | Standard but must retain its commercial-manumission background (a price paid to free a captive/slave) rather than flattening into generic “liberar.” Atonement-adjacent; routes to theologian review per baseline escalation rules. |
| Sound doctrine/teaching | ὑγιαίνουσα διδασκαλία (hygiainousa didaskalia) / διδαχή / διδασκαλία (didachē/didaskalia) | sana doctrina / doctrina / enseñanza | Sound Doctrine and Good Works | 1:9,13; 2:1,7,10 | Core term of a named curriculum doctrine; the medical “healthy/life-giving” nuance of ὑγιαίνω must not be lost to mere doctrinal-correctness flattening. |
| Submit / Be subject to | ὑποτάσσω (hypotassō) | someterse / estar sujeto a | Submission to Authority | 2:5,9; 3:1 | Real risk of being invoked to justify abuse (domestic contexts) or blanket endorsement of unjust civil authority (politically live in many Spanish-speaking contexts) if divorced from its stated gospel-adorning purpose (2:5b,10b). |
| Divisive controversies | ζήτησις (zētēsis) / μάχαι νομικαί / γενεαλογίαι | controversias / disputas | Avoiding Divisive Controversies | 3:9 | Must be calibrated as a warning against unprofitable speculative quarreling specifically — not a general suppression of doctrinal clarity or apologetics, which the letter elsewhere commends (1:9; 2:1). Socially charged in Catholic/Evangelical boundary contexts. |
| Renewal | ἀνακαίνωσις (anakainōsis) | renovación | Regeneration by the Holy Spirit | 3:5 | Must not be flattened into secular self-improvement “renewal”; this is the Spirit’s ongoing sanctifying work, distinct from but paired with the once-for-all new birth (παλιγγενεσία). |
| Universal human depravity (“we too”) | Titus 3:3 as a unit | (contextual rendering) | Salvation by Grace not Works | 3:3 | Rhetorical ground-leveling function (parallel to Romans’ Universal Human Accountability doctrine) must not be softened, or the grace-not-works argument of 3:5 loses its force. |
| Great God and Savior (deity confession) | τοῦ μεγάλου Θεοῦ καὶ σωτῆρος ἡμῶν Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ | nuestro gran Dios y Salvador, Jesucristo | Deity of Christ | 2:13 | Granville Sharp construction identifies Jesus directly as God and Savior; punctuation/phrasing must not split this into two separate referents. |
B.3 — Medium Risk
| English Term | Greek (Transliteration) | Spanish Rendering | Doctrine Link | Titus References | Risk Rationale |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mercy | ἔλεος (eleos) | misericordia | Salvation by Grace not Works | 3:5 | Distinct but complementary to χάρις/gracia; ensure not flattened into a synonym, since the verse names both as parallel-but-distinct grounds. |
| Heir | κληρονόμος (klēronomos) | herederos | Regeneration by the Holy Spirit; Adoption (cross-reference) | 3:7 | Should be cross-referenced explicitly to the baseline’s adopción entry so learners connect Titus’s inheritance language to Romans 8. |
| Love | ἀγάπη (agapē) | amor | Grace That Trains for Godly Living | 2:2,4 | Not in baseline Romans package; “amor” is broad and secularized in everyday Spanish (romantic/casual senses); must be anchored to covenantal, self-giving sense. |
| Self-controlled / sensible (word family) | σώφρων / σωφρόνως / σωφρονίζω / σωφρονέω (sōphrōn family) | prudente / de dominio propio / con moderación | Grace That Trains for Godly Living | 1:8; 2:2,4,5,6,12 | High-frequency thread across the letter (7 occurrences); consistency of rendering across all occurrences is essential for coherence. |
| Rulers and authorities | ἀρχαί καὶ ἐξουσίαι (archai kai exousiai) | gobernantes y autoridades | Submission to Authority | 3:1 | Politically live in contemporary Spanish-speaking contexts; must be bounded by the text’s own logic (doing good) and not read as unconditional political endorsement. |
| Obey (authorities) | πειθαρχέω (peitharcheō) | obedecer | Submission to Authority | 3:1 | Same authority-collision considerations as ὑποτάσσω, single occurrence. |
| Kindness / Love for mankind | χρηστότης / φιλανθρωπία (chrēstotēs/philanthrōpia) | bondad / amor a la humanidad | Regeneration by the Holy Spirit | 3:4 | ”Filantropía” now carries a secular-humanist charitable-giving connotation in Spanish, divorced from God; must be anchored to God’s saving initiative specifically. |
| People for God’s own possession | λαὸς περιούσιος (laos periousios) | pueblo propio, especialmente suyo | Salvation by Grace not Works (covenant background) | 2:14 | Echoes LXX Exodus 19:5; the covenant-people echo is easily lost without an explicit Old Testament cross-reference note. |
| Pure/clean (moral) | καθαρός / ἁγνός (katharos/hagnos) | puro | Sound Doctrine and Good Works (background) | 1:15; 2:5,14 | Ritual-purity-vs-moral-purity caution, parallel to baseline’s holy entry note. |
| Master (of a slave) | δεσπότης (despotēs) | amo / señor (lowercase) | Submission to Authority | 2:9 | Must never be capitalized or confused with baseline’s Critical Señor (Christ’s exclusive lordship title). |
| Slave/servant (social institution) | δοῦλος (doulos) | esclavos / siervos | Submission to Authority | 2:9; (3:3 “enslaved to desires”) | Sensitivity to historical/contemporary slavery associations in the Spanish-speaking world; Paul’s full force (real enslaved persons addressed with dignity) must not be euphemized away. |
| Insubordinate/rebellious | ἀνυπότακτος (anypotaktos) | rebelde / indisciplinado | Submission to Authority (antonym) | 1:6,10 | Direct negative of ὑποτάσσω; should be recognized as the doctrine’s antonym term. |
| Steward/manager | οἰκονόμος (oikonomos) | administrador | Qualifications for Elders | 1:7 | Avoid a purely financial sense divorced from pastoral household-care connotation. |
| Conscience | συνείδησις (syneidesis) | conciencia | Sound Doctrine and Good Works (background) | 1:15 | Inward moral faculty defiled by unbelief; distinguish from mere social/cultural scruple. |
| Jewish myths / legal disputes about the law | μῦθοι / νομικός (mythoi/nomikos) | mitos / disputas legales | Avoiding Divisive Controversies | 1:14; 3:9 | Target is a specific legalistic-mythological false-teaching movement, not the Jewish people broadly; same sensitivity as baseline’s Unity of Jews and Gentiles doctrine. |
| Unfruitful | ἄκαρπος (akarpos) | sin fruto / improductivos | Salvation by Grace not Works | 3:14 | Reinforces good-works-as-fruit framing; must not be read as jeopardizing salvation already secured by grace. |
| Slander/discredit (of a person or of doctrine) | βλασφημέω (blasphēmeō, non-titular sense) | hablar mal de / difamar | Sound Doctrine and Good Works | 2:5; 3:2 | False-cognate risk: “blasfemar” in Spanish is reserved for offense against God; this sense is ordinary interpersonal/reputational slander. |
B.4 — Low Risk (standard vocabulary; recorded for completeness)
| English Term | Greek (Transliteration) | Spanish Rendering | Titus References |
|---|---|---|---|
| Slave of God (self-designation) | δοῦλος Θεοῦ (doulos Theou) | siervo de Dios | 1:1 |
| Full knowledge of the truth | ἐπίγνωσις ἀληθείας (epignōsis alētheias) | conocimiento de la verdad | 1:1 |
| Eternal life | ζωὴ αἰώνιος (zōē aiōnios) | vida eterna | 1:2; 3:7 |
| Hope | ἐλπίς (elpis) | esperanza | 1:2; 2:13; 3:7 |
| God who does not lie | ἀψευδὴς Θεός (apseudēs Theos) | Dios que no miente | 1:2 |
| Proclamation | κήρυγμα (kērygma) | predicación | 1:3 |
| Blameless | ἀνέγκλητος (anegklētos) | irreprochable | 1:6,7 |
| Hospitable | φιλόξενος (philoxenos) | hospitalario | 1:8 |
| Holy/devout | ὅσιος (hosios) | santo | 1:8 |
| Refute/rebuke | ἐλέγχω (elegchō) | reprender / refutar | 1:9,13; 2:15 |
| Empty talkers / deceivers | ματαιολόγος / φρεναπάτης | habladores de vanidades / engañadores | 1:10 |
| Example/pattern | τύπος (typos) | ejemplo | 2:7 |
| Endurance | ὑπομονή (hypomonē) | paciencia / perseverancia | 2:2 |
| Slanderer (common noun) | διάβολος (diabolos, non-titular) | calumniadora | 2:3 |
| Adorn (doctrine) | κοσμέω (kosmeō) | adornar | 2:10 |
| Faithful is the saying (formula) | Πιστὸς ὁ λόγος (Pistos ho logos) | Palabra fiel es esta | 3:8 (also 1 Tim/2 Tim) |
| Beneficial/profitable | ὠφέλιμος (ōphelimos) | provechoso | 3:8 |
| Warning/admonition | νουθεσία (nouthesia) | amonestación | 3:10 |
| Self-condemned | αὐτοκατάκριτος (autokatakritos) | se condena a sí mismo | 3:11 |
| Gentleness | πραότης (praotēs) | mansedumbre | 3:2 |
Cross-Reference Notes for Phase 2 Translation Memory Update
- All Section A terms load directly from the existing baseline
translation_memory.json; no new entries are required for these — enforce exactly as recorded. - All Section B terms are proposed new entries for
translation_memory.jsonv2 andbible_term_registry.json. Each Critical/High entry above requires human theologian review before being locked into translation memory, per the baseline’s Glossary Enforcement Priority Order. - Terms with direct baseline doctrine parallels (Grace, Justification, Salvation, Righteousness, Election, Adoption/Heir, Sin) must be taught with explicit cross-references back to the Romans curriculum to reinforce vocabulary consistency for learners who study both books.
- The σωτήρ / Salvador entry should be considered for eventual backport into a shared cross-curriculum registry, since it functions in Titus the way Señor functions in Romans — as the letter’s central, repeated, Critical-risk Christological title.
Critical Risk Terms
Righteousness
Approved rendering: justicia
Transliteration: dikaiosynē
Doctrine: Salvation by Grace not Works
Rejected alternatives: rectitud moral autónoma, mérito acumulado
Original: δικαιοσύνη
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package exactly. Titus 3:5 (‘no por obras de justicia que nosotros hubiéramos hecho’) is doctrinally identical in force to Romans 4:4-5 and Trent Session VI, Canon 24; this verse’s plain negation must never be softened.
Justification
Approved rendering: justificación / justificados
Transliteration: dikaiōsis / dikaioō
Doctrine: Salvation by Grace not Works
Rejected alternatives: proceso gradual de purificación interior, justicia infundida
Original: δικαίωσις / δικαιόω
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package exactly. Titus 3:7 grounds justification explicitly ‘by his grace’ (τῇ ἐκείνου χάριτι), doubly reinforcing the forensic, non-infused sense against the Trent/Reformation fault line.
Salvation
Approved rendering: salvación / salvó / salvadora
Transliteration: sōtēria / sōzō / sōtērios
Doctrine: Salvation by Grace not Works
Rejected alternatives: salvarse por buenas obras, merecer el cielo mediante sacramentos y penitencia
Original: σωτηρία-family / σῴζω / σωτήριος
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package exactly. Titus 2:11 (grace ‘salvadora’) and 3:5 (‘nos salvó’) must retain the baseline’s Critical caution: a decisive act grounded in God’s mercy and grace, not a lifelong, uncertain outcome secured through sacrament, penance, or saintly/Marian mediation.
Holy Spirit
Approved rendering: Espíritu Santo
Transliteration: Pneuma Hagion
Doctrine: Regeneration by the Holy Spirit
Rejected alternatives: una fuerza impersonal, un espíritu guía o ancestral
Original: Πνεῦμα Ἅγιον
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package exactly. Titus 3:5 names the Spirit as the personal divine agent of regeneration and renewal; must be explicitly distinguished from ancestral or ‘guide’ spirits invoked in Espiritismo and Santería.
Father
Approved rendering: Padre
Transliteration: patēr
Doctrine: Adoption and Inheritance (background)
Original: Πατήρ
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package exactly (baseline translation_memory.json records this term as Critical). Titus 1:4 salutation; standard and unambiguous.
Jesus
Approved rendering: Jesús
Transliteration: Iēsous
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Original: Ἰησοῦς
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package exactly. Universally standard Spanish Bible-translation form; no variant-form risk.
Christ
Approved rendering: Cristo
Transliteration: Christos
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Original: Χριστός
Category: Christology
New entry extending the baseline’s established naming convention (used within Romans’ ‘Jesús’/‘Cristo Jesús’ combinations) to Titus’s repeated combined name/title forms (‘Jesucristo,’ ‘Cristo Jesús nuestro Salvador’). The rendering itself is inherited exactly from established Spanish Bible tradition; flagged Critical here because Titus 2:13 uses it within the letter’s clearest deity-of-Christ statement.
Savior Title
Approved rendering: Salvador
Transliteration: sōtēr
Doctrine: Deity of Christ; Salvation by Grace not Works
Rejected alternatives: un salvador entre otros, título meramente honorífico sin peso de deidad
Original: σωτήρ
Category: Christology
New Critical entry. Applied six times in Titus to both the Father (1:3;2:10;3:4) and the Son (1:4;2:13;3:6) — Titus’s central repeated divine title, functioning the way ‘Señor’ functions in Romans. Must be rendered consistently as ‘Salvador’ for both persons, preserving the letter’s deliberate title-overlap as testimony to Christ’s deity.
Great God And Savior
Approved rendering: nuestro gran Dios y Salvador, Jesucristo
Transliteration: tou megalou Theou kai sōtēros hēmōn Iēsou Christou
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Rejected alternatives: el gran Dios, y nuestro Salvador Jesucristo (lectura con coma-división en dos referentes)
Original: τοῦ μεγάλου Θεοῦ καὶ σωτῆρος ἡμῶν Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ
Category: Christology
New Critical entry. Granville Sharp construction (one article governing two nouns joined by kai) identifies Jesus Christ directly as God and Savior, doctrinally parallel to Romans 9:5. Must never be punctuated or phrased so as to suggest two separate persons/beings. Fixed phrase locked in translation memory.
Good Works
Approved rendering: buenas obras / obras de justicia
Transliteration: erga (kala) / erga en dikaiosynē / kalōn ergōn proistasthai
Doctrine: Salvation by Grace not Works; Sound Doctrine and Good Works
Rejected alternatives: obras que merecen o completan la salvación, para ganarse el favor de Dios
Original: ἔργα (καλά) / ἔργα ἐν δικαιοσύνῃ / καλῶν ἔργων προΐστασθαι
Category: Salvation
New Critical entry. Explicitly excluded as the ground of salvation (3:5) yet repeatedly commanded as necessary fruit/evidence of grace received (1:16;2:7,14;3:1,8,14). Never phrase as meriting, earning, or completing salvation.
Regeneration
Approved rendering: regeneración
Transliteration: palingenesia
Doctrine: Regeneration by the Holy Spirit
Rejected alternatives: renacimiento cíclico o reencarnación de espíritus, un nuevo comienzo meramente psicológico
Original: παλιγγενεσία
Category: Sanctification
New Critical entry. Trent/Reformation sacramental fault line (baptismal regeneration vs. Spirit-wrought new birth) plus the baseline’s Caribbean Espiritismo/Santería reincarnation-collision risk, parallel to ‘resurrección.’ Must be taught as decisive, once-for-all, Spirit-wrought new birth.
Washing
Approved rendering: el lavamiento
Transliteration: loutron
Doctrine: Regeneration by the Holy Spirit
Rejected alternatives: el agua misma como causa eficiente de la regeneración
Original: λουτρόν
Category: Sanctification
New Critical entry. Grammatically subordinate to the Spirit’s regenerating/renewing work (3:5); Catholic sacramental theology treats baptismal washing as itself effecting regeneration ex opere operato. The Spirit — not the water — must be preserved as the causal agent in translation and teaching notes, without denying baptism’s biblical association.
Elder
Approved rendering: anciano
Transliteration: presbyteros
Doctrine: Qualifications for Elders
Rejected alternatives: mero anciano de edad, sin oficio reconocido
Original: πρεσβύτερος
Category: Church Leadership
New Critical entry. Spanish-speaking Catholic-majority culture has no lay congregational ‘elder’ office; risk of being heard merely as ‘elderly/old man.’ Requires explicit definitional teaching at every occurrence (Titus 1:5).
Overseer
Approved rendering: obispo (anciano-supervisor local) / supervisor
Transliteration: episkopos
Doctrine: Qualifications for Elders
Rejected alternatives: obispo (sentido diocesano jerárquico no calificado)
Original: ἐπίσκοπος
Category: Church Leadership
New Critical entry. Titus 1:5-7 identifies episkopos with presbyteros as one local office; unqualified ‘obispo’ imports a diocesan/monarchical-episcopate ecclesiology foreign to the text. Requires mandatory clarifying gloss at every occurrence.
Divisive Person
Approved rendering: la persona que causa divisiones
Transliteration: hairetikos anthrōpos
Doctrine: Avoiding Divisive Controversies
Rejected alternatives: hereje
Original: αἱρετικὸς ἄνθρωπος
Category: Congregational Discipline
New Critical entry. NEVER render ‘hereje’ (Titus 3:10) — that cognate carries centuries of Inquisition-era historical weight in Spanish-speaking culture, disproportionate to Paul’s pastoral, twice-warned-then-separate congregational-discipline instruction. Use ‘la persona que causa divisiones’ or ‘el que fomenta discordias.‘
High Risk Terms
Grace
Approved rendering: gracia
Transliteration: charis
Doctrine: Grace That Trains for Godly Living; Salvation by Grace not Works
Rejected alternatives: favor merecido, recompensa por buenas obras
Original: χάρις
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package exactly. In Titus 2:11-12 grace is the grammatical subject/active agent that ‘trains’ (paideuo) believers; must not drift toward Tridentine infused/merit-cooperation framing, especially where grace and works of righteousness are explicitly contrasted (3:5-7).
Faith
Approved rendering: fe
Transliteration: pistis
Doctrine: Faith (background); Sound Doctrine and Good Works
Rejected alternatives: devoción religiosa general, creencia cultural heredada
Original: πίστις
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans package exactly. Titus 1:1,4,13; 2:2,10; 3:15 use the faith word-family for the shared trust of Titus, Paul, and ‘true children in the faith’; keep the personal-trust sense distinct from inherited cultural/nominal religious identity.
Election
Approved rendering: elección
Transliteration: eklogē
Doctrine: Divine Calling and Election
Rejected alternatives: destino, suerte
Inherited from Romans package exactly. Underlies Titus 1:1’s ‘los elegidos de Dios’ (see new entry ‘elect’ for the adjectival form eklektos actually used in Titus); avoid fatalistic vernacular framing.
Renewal
Approved rendering: renovación
Transliteration: anakainōsis
Doctrine: Regeneration by the Holy Spirit
Rejected alternatives: renovación personal secular / autoayuda
Original: ἀνακαίνωσις
Category: Sanctification
New High-risk entry. Ongoing Spirit-wrought sanctifying work, paired with but distinct from the once-for-all new birth (regeneración); same root as Romans 12:2’s ‘renewal of the mind.’ Must not be flattened into secular self-improvement rhetoric.
Sound Doctrine
Approved rendering: sana doctrina / doctrina / enseñanza
Transliteration: hygiainousa didaskalia / didachē / didaskalia
Doctrine: Sound Doctrine and Good Works
Rejected alternatives: doctrina meramente correcta, sin fuerza vivificante
Original: ὑγιαίνουσα διδασκαλία / διδαχή / διδασκαλία
Category: Doctrine
New High-risk entry. Core term of the doctrine; the medical ‘healthy/life-giving’ nuance of hygiainō must not be flattened into mere doctrinal correctness (Titus 1:9,13;2:1,7,10).
Godliness
Approved rendering: piedad
Transliteration: eusebeia
Doctrine: Grace That Trains for Godly Living
Rejected alternatives: piedad devocional popular (novenas, rosarios, procesiones) como referente exclusivo
Original: εὐσέβεια
Category: Sanctification
New High-risk entry. In Spanish-speaking Catholic-heritage culture ‘piedad’ is strongly tied to devotional-practice piety. Titus intends whole-life godly character (belief and conduct unified), not devotional observance alone. Requires explicit clarifying teaching note at every occurrence (1:1; cf. 2:12’s eusebōs).
Trains Disciplines
Approved rendering: enseña / entrena / disciplina
Transliteration: paideuō
Doctrine: Grace That Trains for Godly Living
Rejected alternatives: castiga (colapsa el sentido formativo en mero castigo), la gracia como recompensa por la disciplina previa
Original: παιδεύω
Category: Sanctification
New High-risk entry. Core verb of the doctrine (Titus 2:12): grace itself is the active trainer. Must not be rendered merely ‘castiga,’ nor allow grace to be recast as a reward for prior disciplined living, which would invert the doctrine into the Critical merit-cooperation framework already flagged for gracia.
Appeared Manifested
Approved rendering: se manifestó / la manifestación
Transliteration: epiphainō / epiphaneia
Doctrine: Grace That Trains for Godly Living; Deity of Christ; Blessed Hope and Eternal Life
Rejected alternatives: Epifanía (fiesta litúrgica del 6 de enero de los Reyes Magos)
Original: ἐπιφαίνω / ἐπιφάνεια
Category: Christology
New High-risk entry. Used of grace’s historical appearing (2:11), God’s kindness appearing (3:4), and Christ’s future glorious appearing (2:13). Spanish ‘Epifanía’ is fixed to the Magi feast in popular Catholic culture; NEVER use the capitalized feast-name as the rendering. Requires explicit teaching note distinguishing the doctrine from the liturgical festival.
Redeem
Approved rendering: redimir
Transliteration: lytroomai
Doctrine: Salvation by Grace not Works
Rejected alternatives: liberar (sin el trasfondo de precio pagado)
Original: λυτρόομαι
Category: Salvation
New High-risk entry. Titus 2:14; must retain its commercial-manumission background (a price paid to free a captive/slave) rather than flattening into generic ‘liberar.’ Atonement-adjacent; routes to theologian review per baseline escalation rules.
Submit
Approved rendering: someterse / estar sujeto a
Transliteration: hypotassō
Doctrine: Submission to Authority
Rejected alternatives: sumisión incondicional, divorciada de su propósito declarado de adornar el evangelio
Original: ὑποτάσσω
Category: Household Ethics
New High-risk entry. Applied to wives (2:5), slaves (2:9), citizens (3:1). Real risk of being weaponized in documented domestic/institutional abuse contexts, and real risk in politically live Latin American/Iberian contexts of being read as endorsement of unjust regimes, if divorced from its stated gospel-adorning purpose (2:5b;2:10b). Requires theologian-level framing notes at every occurrence.
Divisive Controversies
Approved rendering: controversias / disputas
Transliteration: zētēsis
Doctrine: Avoiding Divisive Controversies
Rejected alternatives: supresión general de la claridad doctrinal o la apologética
Original: ζήτησις
Category: Congregational Discipline
New High-risk entry. Titus 3:9; must be calibrated as a warning against unprofitable, speculative quarreling specifically, not a general prohibition on the doctrinal clarity and refutation 1:9 and 2:1 explicitly require of elders.
Elect
Approved rendering: los elegidos de Dios
Transliteration: eklektos
Doctrine: Divine Calling and Election
Rejected alternatives: destino, suerte
Original: ἐκλεκτός
Category: Divine Calling
New High-risk entry extending the baseline’s Election doctrine. Titus 1:1; God’s sovereign, personal choice, not fatalistic vernacular ‘destino/suerte’ framing.
Medium Risk Terms
Peace
Approved rendering: paz
Transliteration: eirēnē
Doctrine: Peace with God (background)
Rejected alternatives: tranquilidad emocional
Original: εἰρήνη
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package exactly. Titus 1:4 salutation.
Glory
Approved rendering: gloria
Transliteration: doxa
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Original: δόξα
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package exactly. Titus 2:13: Christ’s future appearing is ‘la manifestación gloriosa’ of God’s gloria.
Sin
Approved rendering: pecado / pecar
Transliteration: hamartia / hamartanō
Doctrine: Universal Human Accountability (Before Grace)
Rejected alternatives: falta
Original: ἁμαρτάνω
Category: Sin
Inherited from Romans package exactly (verb form ‘pecar’ added for Titus 3:11’s ἁμαρτάνω). Do not soften to ‘falta,’ which minimizes sin’s weight.
Mercy
Approved rendering: misericordia
Transliteration: eleos
Doctrine: Salvation by Grace not Works
Original: ἔλεος
Category: Salvation
New Medium-risk entry. Named in Titus 3:5 alongside but distinct from gracia as a ground of salvation; teach as complementary, not a synonym to be flattened together.
Heir
Approved rendering: herederos
Transliteration: klēronomos
Doctrine: Adoption and Inheritance
Original: κληρονόμος
Category: Salvation
New Medium-risk entry. Titus 3:7; should be explicitly cross-referenced to the baseline’s ‘adopción’ entry (Romans 8) so learners connect Titus’s inheritance language to full-heir, not lesser or provisional, status.
Steward
Approved rendering: administrador de Dios
Transliteration: oikonomos
Doctrine: Qualifications for Elders
Rejected alternatives: administrador puramente financiero
Original: οἰκονόμος
Category: Church Leadership
New Medium-risk entry. Titus 1:7; avoid a purely financial sense divorced from pastoral household-care connotation common across the Pastoral Epistles.
Ungodliness
Approved rendering: la impiedad
Transliteration: asebeia
Doctrine: Grace That Trains for Godly Living
Original: ἀσέβεια
Category: Sanctification
New Medium-risk entry. Negation of eusebeia (Titus 2:12); must be kept as the opposite pole of ‘piedad’ in translation.
Self Controlled Family
Approved rendering: prudente / de dominio propio / con moderación
Transliteration: sōphrōn / sōphronōs / sōphroneō
Doctrine: Grace That Trains for Godly Living
Original: σώφρων / σωφρόνως / σωφρονέω
Category: Sanctification
New Medium-risk entry. Recurs seven times across Titus (1:8;2:2,4,5,6,12); consistency of rendering across all occurrences is essential for the letter’s coherence.
People For Gods Own Possession
Approved rendering: pueblo propio, especialmente suyo
Transliteration: laos periousios
Doctrine: Salvation by Grace not Works
Rejected alternatives: gente especial (sin el peso del pacto)
Original: λαὸς περιούσιος
Category: Covenant
New Medium-risk entry. Echoes LXX Exodus 19:5’s covenant declaration over Israel at Sinai (Titus 2:14); the covenant echo is easily lost without an explicit cross-reference note.
Obey Authorities
Approved rendering: obedecer
Transliteration: peitharcheō
Doctrine: Submission to Authority
Original: πειθαρχέω
Category: Civil Authority
New Medium-risk entry. Titus 3:1; same authority-collision considerations as hypotassō, at slightly lower risk (single occurrence, general civic compliance).
Rulers And Authorities
Approved rendering: gobernantes y autoridades
Transliteration: archai kai exousiai
Doctrine: Submission to Authority
Original: ἀρχαί καὶ ἐξουσίαι
Category: Civil Authority
New Medium-risk entry. Titus 3:1; politically live term in contemporary Latin America and Spain; must be bounded by the text’s own logic (doing good) and not read as unconditional political endorsement.
Insubordinate
Approved rendering: rebelde / indisciplinado
Transliteration: anypotaktos
Doctrine: Submission to Authority
Original: ἀνυπότακτος
Category: Household Ethics
New Medium-risk entry. Direct negative of hypotassō (Titus 1:6,10); should be recognized as the doctrine’s antonym term.
Master Despotes
Approved rendering: amo / señor (minúscula)
Transliteration: despotēs
Doctrine: Submission to Authority
Rejected alternatives: Señor (mayúscula, título de Cristo)
Original: δεσπότης
Category: Household Ethics
New Medium-risk entry. Titus 2:9; must never be capitalized or otherwise confused with the baseline’s Critical ‘Señor’ (Christ’s exclusive lordship title; note that Titus itself never uses kyrios as a divine title).
Slave Social
Approved rendering: esclavos / siervos
Transliteration: doulos
Doctrine: Submission to Authority; Universal Human Accountability (Before Grace)
Rejected alternatives: eufemismo que oculte la realidad histórica de la esclavitud
Original: δοῦλος
Category: Household Ethics
New Medium-risk entry. Titus 2:9 (social institution addressed with dignity) and 3:3 (‘esclavos de las pasiones,’ vice-metaphor). Sensitivity to historical/contemporary slavery associations in the Spanish-speaking world; Paul’s full force must not be euphemized away.
Slave Of God
Approved rendering: siervo de Dios
Transliteration: doulos Theou
Doctrine: Divine Calling and Election (background)
Original: δοῦλος Θεοῦ
Category: Christology
New Medium-risk entry. Paul’s self-designation (Titus 1:1); positive self-identification of total ownership/belonging, distinct from the vice-sense of slavery to desires in 3:3.
Jewish Myths Legal Disputes
Approved rendering: mitos judaicos / disputas legales / genealogías
Transliteration: mythoi Ioudaïkoi / nomikos / genealogia
Doctrine: Avoiding Divisive Controversies
Rejected alternatives: generalización antijudía
Original: μῦθοι Ἰουδαϊκοί / νομικός / γενεαλογία
Category: Congregational Discipline
New Medium-risk entry. Titus 1:14;3:9; targets a specific first-century legalistic/mythological false-teaching movement, not the Jewish people broadly — same sensitivity as the baseline’s Unity of Jews and Gentiles doctrine.
Knowledge Of Truth
Approved rendering: el conocimiento de la verdad
Transliteration: epignōsis alētheias
Doctrine: Sound Doctrine and Good Works
Original: ἐπίγνωσις ἀληθείας
Category: Doctrine
New Medium-risk entry. Titus 1:1; mature, applied knowledge (intensified gnōsis) that shapes conduct, not academic information alone.
Conscience
Approved rendering: conciencia
Transliteration: syneidesis
Doctrine: Sound Doctrine and Good Works
Rejected alternatives: mero escrúpulo social o cultural
Original: συνείδησις
Category: Doctrine
New Medium-risk entry. Titus 1:15; the inward moral faculty defiled by unbelief, not etiquette or social convention.
Pure Moral
Approved rendering: puro / puras
Transliteration: katharos / hagnos
Doctrine: Sound Doctrine and Good Works
Rejected alternatives: pureza ritual únicamente
Original: καθαρός / ἁγνός
Category: Sanctification
New Medium-risk entry. Titus 1:15;2:5,14; same ritual-vs-moral purity caution the baseline attaches to ‘holy’/santo; 1:15 explicitly contrasts ritual-purity thinking with actual moral condition.
Unfruitful
Approved rendering: sin fruto / improductivos
Transliteration: akarpos
Doctrine: Salvation by Grace not Works
Rejected alternatives: amenaza a la salvación ya asegurada por la gracia
Original: ἄκαρπος
Category: Salvation
New Medium-risk entry. Titus 3:14; reinforces good-works-as-fruit-not-root framing; a real deficiency to correct, but must not be read as jeopardizing salvation already secured by grace (3:5-7).
Love
Approved rendering: amor
Transliteration: agapē
Doctrine: Grace That Trains for Godly Living
Rejected alternatives: amor romántico o casual (‘amo el café’)
Original: ἀγάπη
Category: Sanctification
New Medium-risk entry not present in the baseline Romans package. Titus 2:2,4; ‘amor’ is broad and secularized in everyday Spanish; the covenantal, self-giving sense must be explicitly taught, not assumed.
Kindness Philanthropy
Approved rendering: bondad / amor a la humanidad
Transliteration: chrēstotēs / philanthrōpia
Doctrine: Salvation by Grace not Works
Rejected alternatives: filantropía (connotación secular-humanista de caridad, divorciada de Dios)
Original: χρηστότης / φιλανθρωπία
Category: God
New Medium-risk entry. Titus 3:4; must be anchored explicitly to God’s saving initiative, not general human philanthropic activity.
Slander Discredit
Approved rendering: hablar mal de / difamar
Transliteration: blasphēmeō (non-titular)
Doctrine: Sound Doctrine and Good Works
Rejected alternatives: blasfemar (reservado para la ofensa contra Dios)
Original: βλασφημέω (non-titular)
Category: Household Ethics
New Medium-risk entry. Titus 2:5;3:2; false-cognate risk — this sense is ordinary interpersonal/reputational slander or discrediting of the gospel’s public reputation, not blasphemy against God.
Hope Eternal Life
Approved rendering: esperanza / vida eterna
Transliteration: elpis / zōē aiōnios
Doctrine: Blessed Hope and Eternal Life
Rejected alternatives: un deseo vago o incierto
Original: ἐλπίς / ζωὴ αἰώνιος
Category: Eschatology
New Medium-risk entry. Titus 1:2;2:13;3:7; confident, object-grounded expectation grounded in the character of the God ‘who does not lie,’ not a vague wish.
Refute Rebuke
Approved rendering: reprender / refutar
Transliteration: elegchō
Doctrine: Sound Doctrine and Good Works
Rejected alternatives: un tono áspero y desdeñoso
Original: ἐλέγχω
Category: Doctrine
New Medium-risk entry. Titus 1:9,13;2:15; tone-sensitive — must convey firm doctrinal correction without a harsh, contemptuous register foreign to the pastoral warmth this Language Package requires.
One Woman Man
Approved rendering: esposo de una sola mujer
Transliteration: mias gynaikos anēr
Doctrine: Qualifications for Elders
Original: μιᾶς γυναικὸς ἀνήρ
Category: Church Leadership
New Medium-risk entry. Titus 1:6; a debated interpretive phrase (marital fidelity vs. monogamy requirement vs. exclusion of the divorced); flag for theologian/native-speaker awareness of interpretive traditions without resolving the debate lexically.
Elder Qualification Lists
Approved rendering: arrogante, iracundo, dado al vino, violento, codicioso de ganancias deshonestas / amante de lo bueno, justo, dueño de sí mismo
Transliteration: authadēs, orgilos, paroinos, plēktēs, aischrokerdēs / philagathos, dikaios, egkratēs
Doctrine: Qualifications for Elders
Rejected alternatives: resumen vago que colapse la lista en una sola frase genérica
Original: αὐθάδης, ὀργίλος, πάροινος, πλήκτης, αἰσχροκερδής / φιλάγαθος, δίκαιος, ἐγκρατής
Category: Church Leadership
New Medium-risk entry (collective). Titus 1:7-8; individually low risk but collectively Medium since precise, non-euphemistic rendering of each item matters for a passage functioning as an ordination checklist.
Presbytes Age Category
Approved rendering: los ancianos / las ancianas (categoría de edad)
Transliteration: presbytēs / presbytis
Doctrine: Qualifications for Elders (contrast term)
Original: πρεσβύτης / πρεσβῦτις
Category: Household Ethics
New Medium-risk entry. Titus 2:2-3; age-category term distinct from the office-term presbyteros in chapter 1 despite the shared root; real risk of confusing the office-bearer sense with the age-category sense if not distinguished by explicit context notes.
Sophronizo Training
Approved rendering: enseñar a ser prudentes / capacitar
Transliteration: sōphronizō
Doctrine: Grace That Trains for Godly Living
Original: σωφρονίζω
Category: Household Ethics
New Medium-risk entry. Titus 2:4; connects to paideuō’s training theme (2:12) as peer-to-peer discipleship training, a congregational component of Grace That Trains for Godly Living.
Diabolos Common Noun
Approved rendering: calumniadoras
Transliteration: diabolos (non-titular)
Doctrine: Grace That Trains for Godly Living (background vice list)
Rejected alternatives: diablas (transliteración absurda del sustantivo común)
Original: διάβολος (non-titular)
Category: Household Ethics
New Medium-risk entry. Titus 2:3; false-cognate risk — must render the common-noun ‘slanderer’ sense clearly distinguished from the proper-noun ‘el diablo’ (Satan).
Worldly Desires
Approved rendering: los deseos mundanos
Transliteration: kosmikas epithymias
Doctrine: Grace That Trains for Godly Living
Rejected alternatives: tentaciones (desplaza la agencia del deseo mismo)
New Medium-risk entry. Titus 2:12; avoid softening to ‘tentaciones,’ which shifts agency away from the desire itself.
Poured Out Spirit
Approved rendering: derramó
Transliteration: ekcheō
Doctrine: Regeneration by the Holy Spirit
Rejected alternatives: una sensación interior vaga, sin anclaje histórico
New Medium-risk entry. Titus 3:6; echoes Joel 2:28/Acts 2:17-18 (Pentecost); should be taught with its Pentecost echo so the Spirit’s regenerating/renewing work is connected to a historically-anchored, abundant outpouring, not a vague inner feeling.
Low Risk Terms
Apostle
Approved rendering: apóstol
Transliteration: apostolos
Doctrine: Apostleship (background); Divine Calling and Election
Original: ἀπόστολος
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package exactly. Titus 1:1, Paul’s self-designation.
Exhort
Approved rendering: exhortar
Transliteration: parakaleō
Doctrine: Sound Doctrine and Good Works (background)
Original: παρακαλέω
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans package exactly. Titus 2:6,15.
Faithful Saying Formula
Approved rendering: Palabra fiel es esta
Transliteration: Pistos ho logos
Doctrine: Sound Doctrine and Good Works (background)
Original: Πιστὸς ὁ λόγος
Category: Doctrine
New Low-risk entry. Fixed Pastoral Epistles formula (Titus 3:8; also 1 Tim 1:15;3:1;4:9; 2 Tim 2:11); render identically at every occurrence for cross-curriculum consistency.
Blameless
Approved rendering: irreprochable
Transliteration: anegklētos
Doctrine: Qualifications for Elders
Original: ἀνέγκλητος
Category: Church Leadership
New Low-risk entry. Titus 1:6,7; standard vocabulary.
Hospitable
Approved rendering: hospitalario
Transliteration: philoxenos
Doctrine: Qualifications for Elders
Original: φιλόξενος
Category: Church Leadership
New Low-risk entry. Titus 1:8.
Warning Admonition
Approved rendering: amonestación / evita / rechaza
Transliteration: nouthesia / paraiteomai
Doctrine: Avoiding Divisive Controversies
Original: νουθεσία / παραιτέομαι
Category: Congregational Discipline
New Low-to-Medium entry. Titus 3:10; the two-warnings-then-separation church-discipline process; should be rendered with clear procedural steps.
Holy Devout
Approved rendering: santo
Transliteration: hosios
Doctrine: Qualifications for Elders
Original: ὅσιος
Category: Church Leadership
New Low-risk entry, reusing the baseline’s ‘holy’/santo rendering pattern even though the Greek root (hosios) differs from hagios. Titus 1:8; elder qualification, same set-apart/devout semantic domain; not to be read as canonization-track holiness.
Deny Renounce
Approved rendering: renunciando a / negando
Transliteration: arneomai
Doctrine: Grace That Trains for Godly Living
New Low-risk entry. Titus 2:12.
Referenced passages