Core Glossary
Core Glossary — Book of Revelation
English → Spanish | Doctrine-Aware Term Glossary
This glossary extends, and never contradicts, the baseline Romans translation_memory.json and bible_term_registry.json. Every term already established in the baseline is marked [BASELINE REUSE] and its exact recorded Spanish rendering is repeated here for continuity — it must be used identically in all Revelation materials. New terms specific to Revelation are assigned risk tiers using the same Critical/High/Medium/Low framework, with grounded, specific reasons per the project’s risk-assignment standard.
Risk tier definitions (identical to baseline): Critical = doctrine-altering, mandatory theologian review; High = significant confusion/syncretism risk, theologian review; Medium = clarity risk, native-speaker review; Low = minor risk, automated review sufficient.
A. Baseline Terms Reused Exactly (Romans → Revelation continuity)
| English Term | Spanish Rendering | Risk | Doctrine | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| God | Dios | Critical | Deity of Christ / Sovereignty | [BASELINE REUSE] |
| Jesus | Jesús | Critical | Return and Reign of Christ | [BASELINE REUSE] |
| Lord | Señor | Critical | Return and Reign of Christ | [BASELINE REUSE]; reused in “Rey de reyes y Señor de señores,” “ven, Señor Jesús” |
| Holy Spirit | Espíritu Santo | Critical | Worship of the Lamb / Church as Bride | [BASELINE REUSE]; must remain personal, not an impersonal force |
| Father | Padre | Critical | Sovereignty of God | [BASELINE REUSE] |
| Son of God | Hijo de Dios | Critical | Deity/Sonship of Christ | [BASELINE REUSE]; distinct from adoptive “hijo” of 21:7 |
| saints | santos | Critical | Judgment/Vindication; Perseverance | [BASELINE REUSE]; intensified risk in Revelation (blood of saints, prayers of saints, patience of saints — see section E) |
| church | iglesia(s) | Medium | Church as Bride of Christ | [BASELINE REUSE]; plural “las siete iglesias” throughout Ch. 1-3 |
| holy | santo | Medium/High | Worship of the Lamb | [BASELINE REUSE]; “santo, santo, santo” (4:8) |
| resurrection | resurrección | Critical | Return and Reign of Christ; Assurance of Final Victory | [BASELINE REUSE]; extends to “primera resurrección” (20:5) — see section F |
| glory | gloria | Medium/High | Sovereignty of God | [BASELINE REUSE] |
| grace | gracia | High | Assurance of Final Victory | [BASELINE REUSE]; final benediction (22:21) and “gratuitamente/δωρεάν” (21:6; 22:17) |
| faith / faithful | fe / fiel(es) | High | Perseverance and Faithful Witness | [BASELINE REUSE] |
| salvation | salvación | Critical | Judgment/Vindication | [BASELINE REUSE] |
| kingdom of God | reino de Dios | Medium | Return and Reign of Christ | [BASELINE REUSE]; cf. 11:15 “reino…de nuestro Señor” |
| covenant | pacto | High | Sovereignty of God over History | [BASELINE REUSE]; underlies Davidic/New Jerusalem covenant-formula language (21:3, 7) |
| election / called | elección / llamado(s) | High | Perseverance and Faithful Witness | [BASELINE REUSE]; “llamados, escogidos y fieles” (17:14) |
| intercession | intercesión | Critical | Worship of the Lamb | [BASELINE REUSE]; extends to “incienso = oraciones de los santos” (5:8; 8:3-4) — see section E |
| David | David | Low | Return and Reign of Christ | [BASELINE REUSE]; “llave de David,” “Raíz de David” |
| Israel | Israel | Low/Medium | New Heaven and New Earth | [BASELINE REUSE]; twelve tribes (7:4-8; 21:12) |
| gentiles / nations | gentiles / naciones | Low/Medium | New Heaven and New Earth | [BASELINE REUSE]; “gloria de las naciones” (21:24-26) |
| sin | pecado | Medium | Judgment of the Wicked | [BASELINE REUSE] |
| messiah / christ | Mesías / Cristo | Critical | Return and Reign of Christ | [BASELINE REUSE] |
| prophet / prophecy | profeta / profecía | Low | Symbolic and Apocalyptic Interpretation | [BASELINE REUSE]; “falso profeta” is a new compound — see section G |
| providence | providencia | Medium | Sovereignty of God over History | [BASELINE REUSE] |
| mission | misión | Medium | (background) | [BASELINE REUSE]; not a major Revelation term but consistent if used |
| law | ley | High | (background, minor) | [BASELINE REUSE] |
| apostle | apóstol | Low | New Heaven and New Earth | [BASELINE REUSE]; “twelve foundations…names of the twelve apostles” (21:14) |
B. Deity and Titles of Christ (New Terms)
| Term | Spanish | Original (Greek/Translit) | Risk | Doctrine | Rationale & Rejected Alternatives |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alpha and Omega | Alfa y Omega | Ἄλφα καὶ τὸ Ὦ | Critical | Deity of Christ [BASELINE doctrine] | Applied to both Father (1:8; 21:6) and Son (22:13) — direct deity claim. Transliteration is standard and lexically safe; the risk is purely catechetical: must be taught explicitly as asserting Christ’s co-equal deity, not left as decorative poetic language. Rejected: any paraphrase substituting “principio y fin” alone without retaining the letter-names, which loses the Isaiah 44:6 LXX echo. |
| Son of Man | Hijo del Hombre | υἱὸς ἀνθρώπου | Medium | Deity/Humanity of Christ | Must retain the Daniel 7:13 background (divine-human authority), not be read as merely “a human being.” Rejected: “hombre” alone (loses the titular, allusive force). |
| the Word of God | el Verbo de Dios / la Palabra de Dios | ὁ λόγος τοῦ θεοῦ | Critical | Deity of Christ | Direct Johannine Logos-Christology (John 1:1,14) applied to the returning Christ (19:13). Rejected: rendering as merely “el mensaje de Dios,” which loses the personal, eternal-Word Christological identity. |
| King of kings and Lord of lords | Rey de reyes y Señor de señores | Βασιλεὺς βασιλέων καὶ Κύριος κυρίων | Critical | Return and Reign of Christ; Lordship of Christ [BASELINE doctrine] | Exclusive, absolute supremacy, reusing baseline Señor (Critical). Rejected: “un gran rey/señor” (diminishing, implies primacy among peers rather than sole supremacy). |
| the Amen | el Amén | ὁ Ἀμήν | Medium | Return and Reign of Christ | Unusual Christological self-title (3:14); risk of being read only as the liturgical closing word rather than a title asserting Christ as the guarantor of God’s promises. |
| the faithful and true witness | el testigo fiel y verdadero | ὁ μάρτυς ὁ πιστός καὶ ὁ ἀληθινός | High | Perseverance and Faithful Witness | Grounds the whole book’s witness-theology in Christ’s own faithful testimony (cf. 1:5; 3:14; 19:11). |
| firstborn of the dead | primogénito de los muertos | πρωτότοκος τῶν νεκρῶν | Medium | Return and Reign of Christ | Reuses resurrección (Critical) framework; Christ’s resurrection as pattern and guarantee. |
| ruler of the kings of the earth | el soberano de los reyes de la tierra | ὁ ἄρχων τῶν βασιλέων τῆς γῆς | Medium | Sovereignty of God over History | Standard, low ambiguity. |
C. Adoptive Sonship, the Overcomer, and Perseverance
| Term | Spanish | Original | Risk | Doctrine | Rationale & Rejected Alternatives |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| the one who overcomes / overcomer | el vencedor / vencer | ὁ νικῶν / νικάω | High | Perseverance and Faithful Witness; Assurance of Final Victory | Recurring refrain (2:7-3:21; 21:7) grounding victory in faithful endurance, not human heroism or prosperity. Rejected: leaving unqualified without teaching notes, since Spanish-language triumphalist/prosperity preaching currents could co-opt “vencedor” for health-and-wealth victory language foreign to the text’s suffering-and-endurance context. |
| son (adoptive, of the overcomer) | hijo | υἱός (21:7) | High | (parallels baseline Adoption, Medium) | Must be distinguished from capitalized, unique Hijo de Dios [BASELINE REUSE, Critical]. Rejected: rendering identically without distinguishing capitalization/context, risking a blur between Christ’s unique Sonship and believers’ adoptive sonship. |
| patience/perseverance of the saints | paciencia de los santos / perseverancia de los santos | ὑπομονὴ τῶν ἁγίων | High | Perseverance and Faithful Witness | ”Paciencia” in colloquial Spanish suggests passive tolerance; the text requires active, costly steadfastness under persecution. Compounds with the Critical santos risk (section E). Rejected: “tolerancia” or “resignación” (too passive, loses active fidelity sense). |
| testimony / witness | testimonio / testigo | μαρτυρία / μάρτυς | High | Perseverance and Faithful Witness | Semantic range spans legal-testimonial witness and blood-witness/martyrdom (2:13; 6:9; 12:11; 17:6; 20:4). Modern Spanish “mártir” narrows almost exclusively to “martyr” (one who died), risking loss of the broader “faithful testifier” sense in passages where death is not (yet) in view; conversely, flattening to “testigo” alone in martyrdom contexts (6:9; 17:6) can under-translate the blood-cost dimension. Each occurrence must be checked in context. Rejected: defaulting mechanically to “mártir” everywhere (over-narrows) or to “testigo” everywhere (under-weighs the martyrdom passages). |
| the blood of the Lamb and the word of their testimony | la sangre del Cordero y la palabra del testimonio de ellos | τὸ αἷμα τοῦ ἀρνίου καὶ τὸν λόγον τῆς μαρτυρίας αὐτῶν | Critical | Perseverance and Faithful Witness | Anchor verse (12:11); both halves (Christ’s atonement + faithful human testimony) must be preserved together — neither reduced to mere courage nor to atonement without call to costly witness. |
| two witnesses | dos testigos | δύο μάρτυρες | Medium | Perseverance and Faithful Witness | Standard; shares risk profile of testimonio/testigo family above. |
| souls under the altar | almas bajo el altar | ψυχαὶ ὑποκάτω τοῦ θυσιαστηρίου | High | Judgment of the Wicked and Vindication of the Saints | Cry for God’s vindication, not grounds for human vengeance or cultic veneration of the martyrs themselves. |
D. Worship, Idolatry, and the Beast (Highest Cultural-Collision Risk Cluster)
| Term | Spanish | Original | Risk | Doctrine | Rationale & Rejected Alternatives |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| worship (of God/the Lamb) | adorar | προσκυνέω | Critical | Worship of the Lamb | Must be reserved exclusively for God and the Lamb throughout the book (4:10; 5:14; 7:11; 19:4, 10; 22:8-9), and explicitly refused even to an angel (19:10; 22:8-9). Rejected as a substitute in these passages: “venerar” — while Catholic sacramental theology formally distinguishes latría (worship, due to God alone) from dulía/hyperdulía (veneration, given to saints/Mary), popular usage often blurs this line; Revelation’s own text (refusing worship even to an angel) provides the clearest possible teaching point for maintaining the distinction and must not be softened. |
| Lamb | Cordero | ἀρνίον | High | Worship of the Lamb; Deity of Christ | Standard lexeme, no rival-word risk, but doctrinal weight is high: worship offered to the Lamb equally with the One on the throne (5:13-14) asserts full deity. Must be taught alongside the Lamb’s vulnerability/slain imagery so the paradox (conquering Lion who is a slain Lamb, 5:5-6) is not lost. |
| slain | inmolado | ἐσφαγμένον | Medium | Worship of the Lamb; Salvation [BASELINE doctrine] | Sacrificial/substitutionary sense; standard theological vocabulary. |
| worthy | digno | ἄξιος | Low | Worship of the Lamb | Standard. |
| new song | cántico nuevo | ᾆσμα καινόν | Low | Worship of the Lamb | Standard. |
| beast (from the sea) | bestia | θηρίον | Critical | Judgment of the Wicked; Assurance of Final Victory | Central Antichrist-figure. Risk is bidirectional: (a) sensationalist contemporary political identification exceeding the text (a widespread tendency in popular prophecy teaching across Latin America and Spain); (b) softening the real historical-and-future opposition the beast represents. Teaching must hold both cautions. |
| beast from the earth / false prophet | bestia de la tierra / falso profeta | θηρίον ἐκ τῆς γῆς / ψευδοπροφήτης | Medium | Judgment of the Wicked | Reuses profeta [BASELINE REUSE, Low] in a negated compound; standard. |
| mark of the beast | marca (de la bestia) | χάραγμα | High | Judgment of the Wicked | Widespread folk-prophecy speculation (technology, product codes) in Spanish-language popular media; teach the text’s own contrast with God’s seal, not a predictive checklist. |
| number of the beast, 666 | seiscientos sesenta y seis (666) | ἀριθμὸς ἑξήκοντα ἓξ | Medium | Symbolic and Apocalyptic Interpretation | Live folk-numerological/urban-legend associations in popular culture; teach symbolic function (imperfection/idolatrous falling-short), not literal code-hunting. |
| worship the beast | adorar a la bestia | προσκυνέω τὸ θηρίον | Critical | Worship of the Lamb (by direct contrast) | The counterfeit-worship pole of the adorar entry above; the two must be taught as a single contrastive pair. |
| image of the beast | imagen de la bestia | εἰκὼν τοῦ θηρίου | Critical | Worship of the Lamb | HIGHEST PASTORAL-SENSITIVITY TERM in this glossary: historic Protestant-Catholic polemic has applied Revelation’s anti-image language broadly against Catholic devotional images/icons. This curriculum must teach the text’s actual target — a specific, coerced, idolatrous cult image demanding worship reserved for God alone — without extending it into an implicit polemic against sacred art or devotional images as a category. Rejected: any teaching note that generalizes “imagen” condemnation beyond the text’s specific referent. |
| idolaters | idólatras | εἰδωλολάτραι | Medium | Judgment of the Wicked | Must target worship of false gods/rival powers, not be misapplied by learners to devotional use of images within Catholic tradition. |
| sorcerers | hechiceros | φαρμακοί | High | Judgment of the Wicked | Live, present-tense category in regions with active curanderismo, Santería, Espiritismo; parallels baseline’s caution on dones espirituales/occult confusion. Not merely an ancient-world relic term. |
| his servants will worship/serve him | sus siervos lo servirán / le rendirán culto | λατρεύσουσιν | Medium | Worship of the Lamb | λατρεύω (cultic service) is a distinct nuance from προσκυνέω (bowing homage); consistency needed so the two are not confused in translation. |
| I saw no temple in it | no vi templo en ella | ναὸν οὐκ εἶδον ἐν αὐτῇ | High | Worship of the Lamb; New Heaven and New Earth | God and the Lamb are themselves the city’s temple (21:22); fulfillment, not abolition, of the temple’s mediating purpose — no priesthood/sanctuary structure remains necessary because God’s presence is unmediated. |
| kingdom and priests | reino y sacerdotes | βασιλείαν καὶ ἱερεῖς | High | Worship of the Lamb | Universal priesthood of believers (1:6; 5:10; 20:6); adjacent to the Reformation-Trent fault line already flagged Critical for baseline gracia/justificación. “Sacerdote” in Catholic-majority usage strongly connotes the ordained priesthood; direct priestly access of every believer must not be softened, while not necessarily framed as negating church order. |
E. Sainthood, Intercession, and Prayer (Reuse of Baseline Critical Terms, Intensified)
| Term | Spanish | Original | Risk | Doctrine | Rationale & Rejected Alternatives |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| saints (corporate, all believers, incl. martyred) | santos | ἅγιοι | Critical | Judgment of the Wicked and Vindication of the Saints; Perseverance | [BASELINE REUSE, Critical] — intensified in Revelation, where “santos” repeatedly appears alongside martyrdom and prayer imagery (5:8; 6:9-11; 8:3-4; 11:18; 13:7,10; 14:12; 16:6; 17:6; 18:24; 19:8; 20:9). Each occurrence requires the same clarifying note as the baseline: every believer, not exclusively canonized/venerated figures. The martyrdom context in Revelation makes this risk more acute than in Romans, since “los santos” whose blood is shed could easily be read by a Catholic-formed audience as the historic company of canonized martyr-saints specifically, rather than the corporate church generally. |
| blood of the saints | sangre de los santos | αἷμα τῶν ἁγίων | Critical | Judgment of the Wicked and Vindication of the Saints | Same caution as above, applied to the specific martyrdom-lament passages (17:6; 18:24; 19:2). Must not default to a cult-of-the-martyrs reading. |
| prayers of the saints (via incense) | oraciones de los santos | θυμιάματα…αἱ προσευχαὶ τῶν ἁγίων | High | Worship of the Lamb; Prayer and Intercession [BASELINE doctrine] | Directly intersects baseline intercesión (Critical): these are the prayers of ordinary believers ascending directly to God, not intercession routed through canonized saints or the Virgin Mary as mediators. |
| intercession (general doctrine reuse) | intercesión | — | Critical | Prayer and Intercession | [BASELINE REUSE]; Revelation reinforces rather than modifies the baseline caution — no mediating saint/angel figure is shown interceding; only direct access (prayers of the saints; the Lamb’s own mediatorial role). |
| Michael | Miguel | Μιχαήλ | High | Sovereignty of God over History | Popular devotion to “San Miguel Arcángel” (protection prayers, invoked in deliverance rites) risks eclipsing the text’s simple portrayal of Michael as a heavenly warrior-servant under God’s command, not an object of prayer or personal intercession. |
| the accuser | el acusador | ὁ κατήγορος | Low | Assurance of Final Victory over Evil | Standard, low risk. |
F. The Woman, the Bride, and the Church (Ecclesiology Cluster)
| Term | Spanish | Original | Risk | Doctrine | Rationale & Rejected Alternatives |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| bride / wife (of the Lamb) | esposa | νύμφη / γυνή (τοῦ ἀρνίου) | Critical | The Church as Bride of Christ | Established RV-tradition rendering is esposa, not the more contemporary “novia” — required for consistency with 19:7; 21:9; 22:17. In Catholic-majority contexts, exalted bridal/feminine imagery pulls strongly toward Marian association; the Bride here is the corporate redeemed people (the church/New Jerusalem), and this distinction must be taught explicitly every time the term recurs. Rejected: “novia” (breaks RV-tradition consistency); leaving the Marian-conflation risk untaught (high risk of doctrinal drift). |
| woman clothed with the sun | la mujer vestida del sol | γυνὴ περιβεβλημένη τὸν ἥλιον | Critical | The Church as Bride of Christ; Sovereignty of God over History | Genuinely disputed interpretive figure (corporate covenant-people/Israel-and-church reading vs. some Catholic traditions’ direct Marian identification). This curriculum adopts the corporate/covenant-community reading and must state that choice explicitly and non-polemically, acknowledging the alternative reading exists in parts of the tradition without adjudicating it dismissively. |
| marriage / marriage supper of the Lamb | bodas del Cordero | γάμος (τοῦ ἀρνίου) | High | The Church as Bride of Christ | Reuses Cordero (High) and esposa cautions together. |
| the Spirit and the Bride say, Come | el Espíritu y la Esposa dicen: Ven | τὸ πνεῦμα καὶ ἡ νύμφη λέγουσιν· Ἔρχου | Critical | The Church as Bride of Christ; Worship of the Lamb | Combines two Critical terms (Espíritu Santo, Esposa) in a single evangelistic invitation; both the Spirit’s full personhood and the church’s (not Mary’s) identity as Bride must be preserved simultaneously. |
| twenty-four elders | veinticuatro ancianos | πρεσβύτεροι εἴκοσι τέσσαρες | Medium | Church as Bride of Christ; Worship of the Lamb | Must remain ancianos, never presbíteros — the latter is the contemporary Spanish word for an ordained Catholic priest and would wrongly import clerical office into this heavenly worship scene. |
G. Babylon, the Beast’s Kingdom, and Historical-Political Sensitivity
| Term | Spanish | Original | Risk | Doctrine | Rationale & Rejected Alternatives |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Babylon the great | Babilonia la grande | Βαβυλὼν ἡ μεγάλη | Critical | Judgment of the Wicked and Vindication of the Saints | Historically, some Protestant traditions have identified “Babylon”/“the great harlot” specifically with the Roman Catholic Church or papacy. This curriculum must explicitly avoid importing that historic polemical identification; teach the text as describing an idolatrous socio-political-economic system opposed to God, recurrent across eras, without a specific contemporary ecclesial-political target not warranted by the text. |
| the great harlot / mother of prostitutes | la gran ramera / la madre de las rameras | ἡ πόρνη ἡ μεγάλη / ἡ μήτηρ τῶν πορνῶν | Critical | Judgment of the Wicked | Same caution as Babylon above; “ramera” is the established formal RV-tradition register term (over more casual “prostituta”), retained for consistency with the Language Package’s formal register standard. |
| waters = peoples | aguas…son pueblos | ὕδατα…λαοί | Low | Symbolic and Apocalyptic Interpretation | Model instance of the text’s own self-interpreting symbolism; useful teaching anchor for the whole interpretive-method doctrine. |
| Armageddon | Armagedón | Ἁρμαγεδών | Medium | Symbolic and Apocalyptic Interpretation | Widespread secular usage as a generic word for catastrophe in Spanish-language media risks detaching the term from its specific symbolic role in the text. |
| the beast’s kingdom becomes the Lord’s kingdom | el reino del mundo ha venido a ser de nuestro Señor | ἐβασίλευσεν ἡ βασιλεία τοῦ κόσμου τοῦ κυρίου ἡμῶν | High | Return and Reign of Christ; Sovereignty of God over History | Reuses reino de Dios and Señor (both baseline); must preserve declarative, already-secured tone. |
H. Apocalyptic Geography of Judgment (Distinct Terms Requiring Careful Separation)
| Term | Spanish | Original | Risk | Doctrine | Rationale & Rejected Alternatives |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hades (keys of Death and Hades) | Hades (llaves de la muerte y el Hades) | ᾅδης | Critical | Return and Reign of Christ; Assurance of Final Victory over Evil | Must be transliterated, never rendered “infierno.” Must be distinguished from the Catholic doctrinal categories of Purgatorio and Limbo, both live folk-theological concepts regarding the intermediate state of the dead in Spanish-speaking Catholic culture. Hades in Revelation is the temporary abode of the dead awaiting resurrection/judgment — a distinct biblical category from both Purgatory (a purifying intermediate state) and Limbo (a proposed abode for the unbaptized/pre-Christian righteous). Rejected: “infierno” (collapses Hades into final eternal punishment, a different category — see lago de fuego below); “purgatorio” (imports an unrelated doctrinal category). |
| the abyss | el abismo | ἄβυσσος | Medium | Judgment of the Wicked | The place of confinement for hostile demonic powers — distinct from Hades (realm of the dead) and from the lake of fire (final judgment). Popular usage tends to flatten all three into one generic “hell” concept. |
| the lake of fire | el lago de fuego | ἡ λίμνη τοῦ πυρός | Critical | Judgment of the Wicked and Vindication of the Saints | The final, not intermediate, state of judgment (19:20; 20:10, 14-15; 21:8). Must be kept terminologically distinct from Hades and the abyss in all teaching materials. |
| the second death | la muerte segunda | ὁ θάνατος ὁ δεύτερος | Critical | Judgment of the Wicked and Vindication of the Saints | Fixed technical phrase (2:11; 20:6, 14; 21:8) — final, eternal separation from God, explicitly defined by the text itself (20:14); must never be softened into a metaphor for mere earthly ruin. |
| the first resurrection | la primera resurrección | ἡ ἀνάστασις ἡ πρώτη | Critical | Return and Reign of Christ; New Heaven and New Earth | Shares the root of baseline resurrección (Critical); must never be rendered in a way suggesting reincarnation or a spirit’s repeated return — the Caribbean Espiritismo/Santería risk the baseline flags for “resurrección” generally is heightened here by the “first/second” numbering, which an uninstructed reader could otherwise mistake for a cyclical schema. |
| a thousand years / the millennium | mil años / el milenio | χίλια ἔτη | High | Symbolic and Apocalyptic Interpretation | Genuinely disputed among faithful interpreters (premillennial/amillennial/postmillennial). This curriculum presents the range of positions as legitimate rather than absolutizing one schema. |
| judged according to their works | juzgados según sus obras | κρίνω κατὰ τὰ ἔργα αὐτῶν | High | Judgment of the Wicked and Vindication of the Saints | Must be taught in harmony with the baseline’s Critical grace/justification caution: works function as evidence of allegiance at final judgment, not as the ground of salvation, which remains the Lamb’s blood alone. |
| book of life | libro de la vida | βιβλίον τῆς ζωῆς | High | Judgment of the Wicked; Assurance of Final Victory | Risk of a folk-magical “book of fate” misreading rather than an image of God’s sovereign, gracious preservation of his own. |
| great white throne | gran trono blanco | θρόνος μέγας λευκός | Medium | Judgment of the Wicked | Standard. |
| Gog and Magog | Gog y Magog | Γὼγ καὶ Μαγώγ | Low | Symbolic and Apocalyptic Interpretation | Transliterated proper names; symbolic reapplication of Ezekiel 38-39. |
I. The New Heaven and New Earth (Core Passage Cluster)
| Term | Spanish | Original | Risk | Doctrine | Rationale & Rejected Alternatives |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| new (heaven/earth) | nuevo/nueva | καινός | Medium | The New Heaven and New Earth | Qualitative renewal (καινός), not merely chronological newness (νέος); Spanish “nuevo” does not carry this distinction alone and needs a teaching gloss so hearers do not assume total discontinuity with, rather than renewal of, the present created order. |
| the sea was no more | el mar ya no existía | ἡ θάλασσα οὐκ ἔστιν ἔτι | Medium | The New Heaven and New Earth; Assurance of Final Victory over Evil | Symbolic resolution of chaos/threat (sea as apocalyptic symbol of chaos and the beast’s origin, 13:1), not merely a geographic detail. |
| coming down (of the New Jerusalem) | que descendía | καταβαίνουσαν | High | The New Heaven and New Earth; Grace [BASELINE doctrine] | Salvation’s consummation is God’s gift descending, not humanity’s achievement ascending — direct continuity with baseline’s Critical caution against a merit-cooperation reading of grace. |
| tabernacle / dwelling of God | el tabernáculo de Dios / morará con ellos | σκηνή / σκηνώσει | High | The New Heaven and New Earth; Incarnation [BASELINE doctrine] | Same verbal root as John 1:14’s “the Word became flesh and dwelt (ἐσκήνωσεν) among us” — final, unmediated fulfillment of the Incarnation’s covenant-presence trajectory; “tabernáculo” is unfamiliar/archaic-sounding in everyday Spanish and needs comprehension support. |
| his peoples (plural covenant formula) | pueblos suyos / su pueblo | λαοὶ αὐτοῦ | Medium | Unity of Jews and Gentiles [BASELINE doctrine]; New Heaven and New Earth | Deliberate plural universalizing the Sinai covenant formula; a default singular “su pueblo” mutes the multinational scope. |
| God making all things new | Yo hago nuevas todas las cosas | καινὰ ποιῶ πάντα | Medium | The New Heaven and New Earth | Present tense (already-underway renewal), not future; preserve tense against the temptation to shift to “haré” for narrative smoothness. |
| freely (as gift) | gratuitamente | δωρεάν | High | The New Heaven and New Earth; Grace [BASELINE doctrine] | Same semantic family as gracia (High); the book’s final invitation (21:6; 22:17) is as unmerited as its first. |
| river of the water of life / tree of life | río del agua de la vida / árbol de la vida | ποταμὸς ὕδατος ζωῆς / ξύλον ζωῆς | Medium | The New Heaven and New Earth | Edenic restoration imagery (Genesis 2-3; Ezekiel 47). |
| no more curse | ya no habrá maldición | οὐκ ἔσται…κατάρα | Low | The New Heaven and New Earth | Full reversal of the Fall. |
| they will see his face | verán su rostro | ὄψονται τὸ πρόσωπον αὐτοῦ | Medium | The New Heaven and New Earth; Worship of the Lamb | Beatific-vision language; unmediated relational communion, the book’s highest promise. |
| Come, Lord Jesus | Ven, Señor Jesús | ἔρχου, Κύριε Ἰησοῦ | Critical | Return and Reign of Christ | Reuses Señor (Critical) and Jesús (Critical); must carry identical exclusive-lordship weight to the baseline’s Romans 10:9 treatment, for cross-document consistency across the whole curriculum library. |
Summary Risk Table
| Risk Tier | Count of New (Non-Baseline) Terms Assigned | Representative Terms |
|---|---|---|
| Critical | 17 | Alfa y Omega; el Verbo de Dios; Rey de reyes y Señor de señores; adorar/adorar a la bestia; imagen de la bestia; bestia; esposa; la mujer vestida del sol; el Espíritu y la Esposa dicen: Ven; Babilonia la grande; la gran ramera; Hades (llaves…); el lago de fuego; la muerte segunda; la primera resurrección; santos (Revelation-intensified reuse); sangre de los santos; Ven, Señor Jesús |
| High | 21 | reino y sacerdotes; testimonio/testigo/mártir; el testigo fiel y verdadero; libro de la vida; el vencedor; paciencia de los santos; almas bajo el altar; ciento cuarenta y cuatro mil; lavaron sus vestiduras…; misterio de Dios; marca (de la bestia); hechiceros; idólatras (contextual); mil años/milenio; juzgados según sus obras; oraciones de los santos; Miguel; no vi templo en ella; que descendía; el tabernáculo de Dios; gratuitamente |
| Medium | ~30 | see full tables above (e.g., ángel, sello, abismo, ancianos, gran trono blanco, Armagedón, ramera [register], nuevo/nueva, el mar ya no existía, río del agua de la vida, etc.) |
| Low | ~25 | see full tables above (e.g., trono, cuatro seres vivientes, langostas, Aleluya, doce tribus, Gog y Magog, cántico nuevo, digno, etc.) |
This glossary must be loaded alongside the baseline translation_memory.json and bible_term_registry.json before any Phase 2 Revelation segment translation. New terms above are candidates for formal addition to an extended translation_memory.json (Revelation) in a subsequent step; none of the additions above override or alter any existing baseline entry.
Critical Risk Terms
God
Approved rendering: Dios
Transliteration: theos / Elohim / YHWH
Doctrine: Deity of Christ; The Sovereignty of God over History
Original: θεός
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. Universally standard; no rival deity-name confusion in mainstream Hispanic Christian usage. In Revelation repeatedly paired with ‘el que está sentado en el trono’ and ‘el Todopoderoso’; keep these titles consistent across all 22 chapters.
Jesus
Approved rendering: Jesús
Transliteration: Iēsous / Yeshua
Doctrine: Return and Reign of Christ; Lordship of Christ
Original: Ἰησοῦς
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package. Used in the book’s climactic prayer ‘Ven, Señor Jesús’ (22:20), which must carry identical lordship weight to Romans 10:9.
Lord
Approved rendering: Señor
Transliteration: kyrios
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: Señor mío (devotional-only, without lordship claim over the whole of life), un gran señor (implies primacy among rivals, not exclusive supremacy)
Original: κύριος
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package. Reused in ‘Rey de reyes y Señor de señores’ (19:16) and ‘Ven, Señor Jesús’ (22:20); must never be diminished.
Holy Spirit
Approved rendering: Espíritu Santo
Transliteration: pneuma hagion
Doctrine: The Holy Spirit and the Seven Spirits of God
Rejected alternatives: una fuerza impersonal, un espíritu guía o ancestral
Original: πνεῦμα ἅγιον / τὰ ἑπτὰ πνεύματα
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. Must remain personal, not an impersonal force or ancestral/guide spirit as in Espiritismo/Santería. Also speaks jointly with the Bride in the closing invitation (22:17).
Father
Approved rendering: Padre
Transliteration: patēr
Doctrine: The Sovereignty of God over History
Original: πατήρ
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. God as personal Father, source of the covenant-presence promise fulfilled in the New Jerusalem.
Son Of God
Approved rendering: Hijo de Dios
Transliteration: huios theou
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Rejected alternatives: hijo de Dios en sentido genérico aplicado a todo creyente
Original: υἱὸς θεοῦ
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package. Must not be blurred with the lower-case adoptive ‘hijo’ of Revelation 21:7 (see adoptive_son entry).
Saints
Approved rendering: santos
Transliteration: hagioi
Doctrine: Sainthood as Corporate Identity of All Believers
Rejected alternatives: los santos (canonizados, objeto de veneración e intercesión)
Original: ἅγιοι
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package. Intensified in Revelation, where ‘santos’ repeatedly appears alongside martyrdom and prayer imagery (5:8; 6:9-11; 8:3-4; 11:18; 13:7,10; 14:12; 16:6; 17:6; 18:24; 19:8; 20:9); each occurrence requires the clarifying note that this is every believer, not exclusively canonized figures.
Resurrection
Approved rendering: resurrección
Transliteration: anastasis
Doctrine: Resurrection of Christ and Believers
Rejected alternatives: reencarnación
Original: ἀνάστασις
Category: Eschatology
Inherited from Romans package. Extends to ‘primera resurrección’ (20:5-6); heightened Caribbean Espiritismo/Santería risk given the first/second numbering, which could be misread as a cyclical schema.
Salvation
Approved rendering: salvación
Transliteration: sōtēria
Doctrine: Judgment of the Wicked and Vindication of the Saints
Rejected alternatives: salvarse por buenas obras, merecer el cielo mediante sacramentos y penitencia
Original: σωτηρία
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Doxologically ascribed to God and the Lamb (7:10; 12:10; 19:1).
Intercession
Approved rendering: intercesión
Transliteration: hyperentynchanei / enteuxis
Doctrine: Prayer and Intercession
Rejected alternatives: intercesión de los santos o de la Virgen como mediadores necesarios ante Dios
Original: ὑπερεντυγχάνει / ἔντευξις (cf. incense imagery, 5:8; 8:3-4)
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans package (baseline listed Critical; Revelation registry lists Medium for the general term but the doctrine itself remains Critical per doctrine_risk_registry.json). Revelation depicts the prayers of ordinary believers ascending directly to God (5:8; 8:3-4); no mediating saint or angel figure is shown interceding.
Messiah
Approved rendering: Mesías / Cristo
Transliteration: Christos / Mashiach
Doctrine: The Return and Reign of Christ
Rejected alternatives: un ungido más, entre otros santos o profetas venerados
Original: Χριστός
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package. Revelation 11:15 and 12:10 explicitly name ‘su Cristo’ as co-ruler with God.
Alpha And Omega
Approved rendering: Alfa y Omega
Transliteration: Alpha kai to Ō
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Rejected alternatives: principio y fin (paraphrase alone, loses the Isaiah 44:6 LXX echo and letter-name force)
Original: Ἄλφα καὶ τὸ Ὦ
Category: Christology
New term. Applied to both the Father (1:8; 21:6) and the Son (22:13) — a direct assertion of Christ’s full, co-equal deity; transliteration is standard and lexically safe, but the doctrinal stakes are Critical.
Word Of God Title
Approved rendering: el Verbo de Dios / la Palabra de Dios
Transliteration: ho logos tou theou
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Rejected alternatives: el mensaje de Dios (loses the personal, eternal-Word Christological identity)
Original: ὁ λόγος τοῦ θεοῦ
Category: Christology
New term. Christological title of the returning rider (19:13), rooted in Johannine Logos-Christology (John 1:1, 14); must be taught in explicit connection with that background.
King Of Kings Lord Of Lords
Approved rendering: Rey de reyes y Señor de señores
Transliteration: Basileus basileōn kai Kyrios kyriōn
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ; The Return and Reign of Christ
Rejected alternatives: un gran rey/señor (implies primacy among rivals, not sole supremacy)
Original: Βασιλεὺς βασιλέων καὶ Κύριος κυρίων
Category: Christology
New term. Superlative titles of absolute, exclusive supremacy for the returning Christ (17:14; 19:16); reuses baseline Señor (Critical).
Bride Of Christ
Approved rendering: esposa
Transliteration: nymphē / gynē tou arniou
Doctrine: The Church as Bride of Christ
Rejected alternatives: novia (breaks Reina-Valera tradition consistency)
Original: νύμφη / γυνὴ τοῦ ἀρνίου
Category: Church
New term. Established RV-tradition rendering is ‘esposa,’ required for consistency across 19:7; 21:2, 9; 22:17. In Catholic-majority contexts, exalted bridal imagery pulls strongly toward Marian association (‘Esposa del Espíritu Santo,’ ‘Reina del Cielo’); the Bride here is the corporate redeemed people/New Jerusalem and must be taught with that distinction explicit every occurrence.
Woman Clothed With Sun
Approved rendering: la mujer vestida del sol
Transliteration: gynē peribeblēmenē ton hēlion
Doctrine: The Church as Bride of Christ
Rejected alternatives: identificación mariana directa y exclusiva (adoptada por parte de la tradición católica, pero no la lectura de este currículo)
Original: γυνὴ περιβεβλημένη τὸν ἥλιον
Category: Symbolic Interpretation
New term. Genuinely disputed interpretive figure (12:1); this curriculum adopts the corporate covenant-people reading and must state that choice explicitly and non-polemically, acknowledging the alternative Marian reading exists in parts of the tradition without dismissing it.
Spirit And Bride Say Come
Approved rendering: el Espíritu y la Esposa dicen: Ven
Transliteration: to pneuma kai hē nymphē legousin: Erchou
Doctrine: The Church as Bride of Christ; The Holy Spirit and the Seven Spirits of God
Original: τὸ πνεῦμα καὶ ἡ νύμφη λέγουσιν· Ἔρχου
Category: Church
New term. Joint evangelistic invitation of the Holy Spirit and the church (22:17); must preserve both the Spirit’s full personhood and the church’s, not Mary’s, identity as Bride simultaneously.
Blood Of Lamb Word Of Testimony
Approved rendering: la sangre del Cordero y la palabra del testimonio de ellos
Transliteration: to haima tou arniou kai ton logon tēs martyrias autōn
Doctrine: Perseverance and Faithful Witness under Persecution
Original: τὸ αἷμα τοῦ ἀρνίου καὶ τὸν λόγον τῆς μαρτυρίας αὐτῶν
Category: Perseverance
New term. Anchor verse (12:11): victory is Christ’s atoning work appropriated through steadfast testimony; both halves must be preserved together — never reduced to human courage alone nor to atonement alone without the call to costly witness.
Worship
Approved rendering: adorar
Transliteration: proskyneō
Doctrine: Worship of the Lamb
Rejected alternatives: venerar (Catholic dulía/hyperdulía for saints and Mary, distinct from latría, but frequently blurred with it in popular usage)
Original: προσκυνέω
Category: Worship
New term. Bowing homage reserved exclusively for God and the Lamb throughout Revelation (4:10; 5:14; 7:11; 19:4, 10; 22:8-9), explicitly refused even to an angel. The text’s own refusal of worship to an angel is the clearest possible teaching anchor for maintaining the latría/dulía distinction and must not be softened.
Worship The Beast
Approved rendering: adorar a la bestia
Transliteration: proskyneō to thērion
Doctrine: Idolatry and False Worship
Original: προσκυνέω τὸ θηρίον
Category: Worship
New term. The counterfeit worship demanded by the Antichrist power (13:4, 8, 12, 15; 14:9, 11), directly opposing worship of the Lamb; the two must be taught as a single contrastive pair.
Image Of The Beast
Approved rendering: imagen de la bestia
Transliteration: eikōn tou thēriou
Doctrine: Idolatry and False Worship
Rejected alternatives: cualquier generalización que extienda la condena a las imágenes devocionales católicas de Cristo, María o los santos
Original: εἰκὼν τοῦ θηρίου
Category: Worship
New term. Highest pastoral-sensitivity term in this glossary (13:14-15; 14:9,11; 15:2; 16:2; 19:20; 20:4): a specific, coerced, idolatrous cult image demanding worship reserved for God alone. Must not be extended into an implicit polemic against sacred art or devotional images as a category.
Beast From Sea
Approved rendering: bestia
Transliteration: thērion (ek tēs thalassēs)
Doctrine: The Antichrist and the Beast
Original: θηρίον (ἐκ τῆς θαλάσσης)
Category: Judgment
New term. The Antichrist-figure, a persecuting political-religious power (ch. 13; 17; 19-20); risk is bidirectional — avoid sensationalist contemporary political identification while not softening the real historical-and-future opposition it represents.
Babylon The Great
Approved rendering: Babilonia la grande
Transliteration: Babylōn hē megalē
Doctrine: Babylon and Idolatrous Worldly Power
Rejected alternatives: identificación histórica y polémica con la Iglesia Católica Romana o el papado
Original: Βαβυλὼν ἡ μεγάλη
Category: Judgment
New term. A corrupt, idolatrous socio-political-economic system opposed to God, historically embodied in Rome and recurring in every age (14:8; 16:19; 17-18); this curriculum must explicitly decline any specific contemporary ecclesial-political application.
Great Harlot
Approved rendering: la gran ramera / la madre de las rameras
Transliteration: hē pornē hē megalē / hē mētēr tōn pornōn
Doctrine: Babylon and Idolatrous Worldly Power
Rejected alternatives: prostituta (casual register, breaks RV-tradition formal register)
Original: ἡ πόρνη ἡ μεγάλη / ἡ μήτηρ τῶν πορνῶν
Category: Judgment
New term. Idolatrous unfaithfulness personified (17:1-6); ‘ramera’ is the established formal RV-tradition register term, retained for consistency with this Language Package’s register standard; same anti-polemic caution as Babylon applies.
Second Death
Approved rendering: la muerte segunda
Transliteration: ho thanatos ho deuteros
Doctrine: The Second Death and Eternal Punishment
Rejected alternatives: una metáfora de la ruina terrenal, aniquilación sin conciencia (no respaldada por el texto)
Original: ὁ θάνατος ὁ δεύτερος
Category: Judgment
New term. Fixed technical phrase, self-defined by the text (20:14) as final, eternal separation from God (2:11; 20:6, 14; 21:8); must be preserved as a fixed phrase across every occurrence.
Lake Of Fire
Approved rendering: el lago de fuego
Transliteration: hē limnē tou pyros
Doctrine: Judgment of the Wicked and Vindication of the Saints
Original: ἡ λίμνη τοῦ πυρός
Category: Judgment
New term. The final, not intermediate, place of conscious, eternal judgment (19:20; 20:10, 14-15; 21:8); must be kept terminologically distinct from Hades and the abyss.
Hades
Approved rendering: Hades
Transliteration: hadēs
Doctrine: Judgment of the Wicked and Vindication of the Saints
Rejected alternatives: infierno (collapses Hades into final eternal punishment, a different category), purgatorio (imports an unrelated Catholic doctrinal category)
Original: ᾅδης
Category: Judgment
New term. The temporary abode of the dead awaiting resurrection/judgment (1:18; 6:8; 20:13-14); must be transliterated, never rendered ‘infierno,’ and distinguished from Purgatorio and Limbo, both live folk-theological categories in Spanish-speaking Catholic culture.
Keys Of Death And Hades
Approved rendering: llaves de la muerte y el Hades
Transliteration: kleis tou thanatou kai tou hadou
Doctrine: The Return and Reign of Christ
Original: κλεῖς τοῦ θανάτου καὶ τοῦ ᾅδου
Category: Judgment
New term. Christ’s total authority over death and the intermediate state of the dead (1:18); see ‘hades’ entry.
First Resurrection
Approved rendering: la primera resurrección
Transliteration: hē anastasis hē prōtē
Doctrine: Resurrection of Christ and Believers
Rejected alternatives: reencarnación o retorno cíclico de un espíritu
Original: ἡ ἀνάστασις ἡ πρώτη
Category: Eschatology
New term. An initial resurrection experience/vindication distinguished from the general final resurrection (20:5-6); the first/second numbering heightens the Espiritismo/Santería cyclical-return risk already flagged for ‘resurrección’ generally.
Throne Of God And Lamb
Approved rendering: el trono de Dios y del Cordero
Transliteration: ho thronos tou theou kai tou arniou
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Original: ὁ θρόνος τοῦ θεοῦ καὶ τοῦ ἀρνίου
Category: Christology
New term. A single shared throne for God and the Lamb (22:1, 3), asserting Christ’s co-equal deity and shared sovereign rule.
Come Lord Jesus
Approved rendering: Ven, Señor Jesús
Transliteration: erchou, Kyrie Iēsou
Doctrine: The Return and Reign of Christ; Lordship of Christ
Original: ἔρχου, Κύριε Ἰησοῦ
Category: Eschatology
New term. The book’s climactic invocation (22:20); reuses Señor and Jesús (both Critical baseline terms) and must carry identical exclusive-lordship weight to the baseline’s Romans 10:9 treatment for cross-curriculum consistency.
High Risk Terms
Holy
Approved rendering: santo
Transliteration: hagios
Doctrine: Worship of the Lamb
Rejected alternatives: puro en sentido ritual
Original: ἅγιος
Category: Sanctification
Inherited from Romans package. Revelation 4:8 applies this in the threefold doxology to God’s own transcendent holiness; shares the root of ‘santos’ and should be taught to reinforce, not blur, the distinction between God’s intrinsic holiness and believers’ derived holiness.
Glory
Approved rendering: gloria
Transliteration: doxa
Doctrine: The Sovereignty of God over History
Original: δόξα
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. In Revelation 21:23-26 becomes the New Jerusalem’s very light source.
Grace
Approved rendering: gracia
Transliteration: charis
Doctrine: The New Heaven and New Earth (framing opening/closing benedictions)
Rejected alternatives: favor merecido, recompensa por buenas obras
Original: χάρις
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Frames the book’s opening and closing benedictions (1:4; 22:21) and the free gift of the water of life (21:6; 22:17); must not be framed as infused/increased through merit.
Faith
Approved rendering: fe
Transliteration: pistis
Doctrine: Perseverance and Faithful Witness under Persecution
Rejected alternatives: devoción religiosa general, creencia cultural heredada
Original: πίστις
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans package. Underlies ‘fieles’ in ‘llamados, escogidos y fieles’ (17:14) and ‘fiel y verdadero’ (19:11); expressed in Revelation as faithful endurance under persecution.
Covenant
Approved rendering: pacto
Transliteration: diathēkē
Doctrine: The Covenant Presence of God
Rejected alternatives: contrato legal
Original: διαθήκη (implicit; covenant formula language)
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package. Underlies the New Jerusalem’s covenant-presence formula ‘ellos serán su pueblo, y Dios mismo estará con ellos’ (21:3, 7); never reduce to a mere legal contract.
Election
Approved rendering: elección
Transliteration: eklogē / eklektoi
Doctrine: The Book of Life and Divine Election
Rejected alternatives: destino, suerte
Original: ἐκλογή / ἐκλεκτοί
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Revelation 17:14: those who stand with the Lamb are ‘llamados, escogidos y fieles’; avoid fatalistic ‘destino/suerte’ framing.
Called
Approved rendering: llamado
Transliteration: klētos / klēsis
Doctrine: The Book of Life and Divine Election
Rejected alternatives: convocado (bureaucratic/legal register), vocación (narrow Catholic priestly/religious-life sense)
Original: κλητός / κλῆσις
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Revelation 17:14 pairs ‘llamados’ with ‘escogidos y fieles.‘
Sin
Approved rendering: pecado
Transliteration: hamartia
Doctrine: Judgment of the Wicked and Vindication of the Saints
Rejected alternatives: falta (minimizing euphemism)
Original: ἁμαρτία / ἁμαρτωλοί (implicit; cf. 18:4-5)
Category: Sin
Inherited from Romans package. Grounds Babylon’s accumulated guilt (18:5) and the vice-lists of 21:8; 22:15; never soften to ‘falta.‘
Providence
Approved rendering: providencia
Transliteration: pronoia
Doctrine: The Sovereignty of God over History
Rejected alternatives: destino, la suerte
Original: πρόνοια (theological concept; cf. 17:17)
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. Extends to God using hostile powers to accomplish his own purposes (17:17); avoid fatalistic ‘destino/suerte’ framing, an intensified risk given Revelation’s judgment imagery.
Law
Approved rendering: ley
Transliteration: nomos
Doctrine: Judgment of the Wicked and Vindication of the Saints (background)
Original: νόμος (background)
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package. Background category in Revelation, not an independently major term.
Faithful And True Witness
Approved rendering: el testigo fiel y verdadero
Transliteration: ho martys ho pistos kai ho alēthinos
Doctrine: Perseverance and Faithful Witness under Persecution
Original: ὁ μάρτυς ὁ πιστός καὶ ὁ ἀληθινός
Category: Christology
New term. Christ’s title (3:14; cf. 19:11) grounding the entire book’s theology of faithful testimony; Christ’s own faithful witness is the pattern for believers’ perseverance.
Lamb
Approved rendering: Cordero
Transliteration: arnion
Doctrine: Worship of the Lamb
Original: ἀρνίον
Category: Christology
New term. Standard lexeme with no rival-word risk, but doctrinal weight is high: worship offered to the Lamb equally with the One on the throne (5:13-14) asserts full deity; must be taught alongside the Lamb’s vulnerability so the conquering-Lion-yet-slain-Lamb paradox (5:5-6) is not lost.
Marriage Of The Lamb
Approved rendering: bodas del Cordero
Transliteration: ho gamos tou arniou / to deipnon tou gamou tou arniou
Doctrine: The Church as Bride of Christ
Original: ὁ γάμος τοῦ ἀρνίου / τὸ δεῖπνον τοῦ γάμου τοῦ ἀρνίου
Category: Church
New term. Consummation of the Church-as-Bride doctrine in a wedding-feast image (19:7, 9); combines Cordero (High) and esposa (Critical) cautions.
Kingdom And Priests
Approved rendering: reino y sacerdotes
Transliteration: basileian kai hiereis
Doctrine: Universal Priesthood of Believers
Original: βασιλείαν καὶ ἱερεῖς
Category: Church
New term. Universal priesthood of all believers before God through Christ’s blood (1:6; 5:10; 20:6); in Catholic-majority contexts ‘sacerdote’ is strongly associated with the ordained priesthood, adjacent to the Reformation-Trent fault line the baseline flags Critical for gracia/justificación. Teach as direct access, not necessarily negation of church order.
Overcomer
Approved rendering: el vencedor
Transliteration: ho nikōn
Doctrine: Perseverance and Faithful Witness under Persecution
Original: ὁ νικῶν
Category: Perseverance
New term. Recurring refrain closing each of the seven letters and reused at 21:7; in a culture with strong prosperity-gospel and triumphalist preaching currents, risks being read as personal success/health-and-wealth victory rather than endurance grounded in the Lamb’s own prior conquering (5:5; 17:14).
Testimony Witness
Approved rendering: testimonio / testigo
Transliteration: martyria / martys
Doctrine: Perseverance and Faithful Witness under Persecution
Original: μαρτυρία / μάρτυς
Category: Perseverance
New term. Semantic range spans legal-testimonial witness and blood-witness/martyrdom (1:2, 9; 2:13; 6:9; 11:7; 12:11; 17:6; 20:4). Modern Spanish ‘mártir’ narrows almost exclusively to ‘one who died’; check every occurrence individually in context — do not default mechanically either to ‘mártir’ everywhere (over-narrows) or ‘testigo’ everywhere (under-weighs martyrdom passages).
Patience Of Saints
Approved rendering: paciencia de los santos / perseverancia de los santos
Transliteration: hypomonē tōn hagiōn
Doctrine: Perseverance and Faithful Witness under Persecution; Sainthood as Corporate Identity of All Believers
Rejected alternatives: tolerancia, resignación (too passive, loses active fidelity sense)
Original: ὑπομονὴ τῶν ἁγίων
Category: Perseverance
New term. ‘Paciencia’ in everyday Spanish suggests passive tolerance; the text requires active, costly steadfastness under persecution (13:10; 14:12). Compounds with the Critical ‘santos’ risk — must retain the corporate-all-believers sense.
Souls Under The Altar
Approved rendering: almas bajo el altar
Transliteration: psychai hypokatō tou thysiastēriou
Doctrine: Vindication of the Saints
Original: ψυχαὶ ὑποκάτω τοῦ θυσιαστηρίου
Category: Judgment
New term. Martyrs’ souls crying for God’s vindication (6:9-11); must be taught as vindication awaited from God alone, not grounds for human vengeance, and distinguished from any cultic veneration of the martyrs themselves.
Adoptive Son
Approved rendering: hijo
Transliteration: huios
Doctrine: Sonship and Adoption of Believers
Original: υἱός
Category: Salvation
New term. Adoptive sonship promised to every overcomer (21:7), echoing the Davidic covenant formula (2 Samuel 7:14); must be clearly distinguished in teaching from the capitalized, unique ‘Hijo de Dios’ applied to Christ.
Mark Of The Beast
Approved rendering: marca (de la bestia)
Transliteration: charagma
Doctrine: The Mark of the Beast and Ultimate Allegiance
Rejected alternatives: identificación con tecnologías o productos específicos modernos (especulación de la profecía popular)
Original: χάραγμα
Category: Judgment
New term. Allegiance/ownership marker (13:16-17; 14:9, 11; 20:4), contrasted with God’s seal on believers’ foreheads (7:3; 14:1); teach the text’s own contrast, not a predictive checklist.
Sorcerers
Approved rendering: hechiceros
Transliteration: pharmakoi
Doctrine: Idolatry and False Worship
Original: φαρμακοί
Category: Judgment
New term. Practitioners of occult magic/potions (21:8; 22:15; cf. 9:21; 18:23); in regions with active curanderismo, Santería, Espiritismo, must be taught as a live, present-tense category, not an ancient-world relic.
No Temple In The City
Approved rendering: no vi templo en ella
Transliteration: naon ouk eidon en autē
Doctrine: Worship of the Lamb
Original: ναὸν οὐκ εἶδον ἐν αὐτῇ
Category: Worship
New term. God and the Lamb are themselves the New Jerusalem’s temple (21:22); must be taught as fulfillment, not abolition, of the temple’s mediating purpose.
Incense Prayers Of Saints
Approved rendering: oraciones de los santos
Transliteration: thymiamata…hai proseuchai tōn hagiōn
Doctrine: Prayer and Intercession
Original: θυμιάματα…αἱ προσευχαὶ τῶν ἁγίων
Category: Worship
New term. The prayers of God’s people, textually glossed as incense rising directly to God’s throne (5:8; 8:3-4); must not be read through the lens of intercessory prayer routed through canonized saints or Mary as mediators.
Michael
Approved rendering: Miguel
Transliteration: Michaēl
Doctrine: Spiritual Warfare and the Defeat of Satan
Original: Μιχαήλ
Category: Judgment
New term. The archangel who leads heaven’s forces against the dragon (12:7-8); strong popular devotion to ‘San Miguel Arcángel’ (protection prayers, deliverance/exorcism rites) risks eclipsing the text’s portrayal of Michael as a heavenly warrior-servant, not an object of prayer or personal intercession.
Judged According To Works
Approved rendering: juzgados según sus obras
Transliteration: krinō kata ta erga autōn
Doctrine: Final Judgment by Works, in Harmony with Grace
Original: κρίνω κατὰ τὰ ἔργα αὐτῶν
Category: Judgment
New term. Final judgment assesses deeds as evidence of the heart’s true allegiance, not as the ground of salvation (20:12-13; 22:12); must be taught in harmony with the baseline’s Critical grace/justification caution.
Book Of Life
Approved rendering: libro de la vida
Transliteration: biblion tēs zōēs
Doctrine: The Book of Life and Divine Election
Rejected alternatives: libro del destino (marco folk-mágico)
Original: βιβλίον τῆς ζωῆς
Category: Judgment
New term. The registry of the redeemed, opened at final judgment (3:5; 13:8; 17:8; 20:12, 15; 21:27); risk of a folk-magical ‘book of fate’ misreading rather than God’s sovereign, gracious election.
Thousand Years
Approved rendering: mil años / el milenio
Transliteration: chilia etē
Doctrine: The Millennial Reign and Eschatological Timeline
Original: χίλια ἔτη
Category: Eschatology
New term. Christ’s reign over the defeated adversary (20:1-7); this curriculum presents the range of historic interpretive positions (premillennial, amillennial, postmillennial) as legitimate rather than absolutizing one schema.
New Jerusalem Descending
Approved rendering: que descendía
Transliteration: katabainousan
Doctrine: The New Heaven and New Earth
Rejected alternatives: apareció (neutral verb that loses the descending motion)
Original: καταβαίνουσαν
Category: Eschatology
New term. The New Jerusalem’s descent from God, not humanity’s ascent/achievement (21:2, 10); direct continuity with the baseline’s Critical caution against a merit-cooperation reading of gracia and justicia.
Tabernacle Dwelling Of God
Approved rendering: el tabernáculo de Dios está con los hombres…morará con ellos
Transliteration: skēnē / skēnōsei
Doctrine: The Covenant Presence of God
Original: σκηνή / σκηνώσει
Category: Eschatology
New term. Final, unmediated, permanent fulfillment of the covenant-presence promise begun with the wilderness tabernacle and continued in the Incarnation (John 1:14’s ἐσκήνωσεν); ‘tabernáculo’ is unfamiliar/archaic-sounding and needs comprehension support.
Freely Gift
Approved rendering: gratuitamente
Transliteration: dōrean
Doctrine: The New Heaven and New Earth
Original: δωρεάν
Category: Salvation
New term. ‘Freely, as a gift, without cost’ (21:6; 22:17), same semantic family as gracia; the book’s very last invitation must not be reframed as something to be earned.
Seven Spirits
Approved rendering: los siete Espíritus (de Dios)
Transliteration: ta hepta pneumata
Doctrine: The Holy Spirit and the Seven Spirits of God
Rejected alternatives: siete espíritus distintos (multiplicidad de seres espirituales)
Original: τὰ ἑπτὰ πνεύματα
Category: God
New term. Symbolic description of the fullness of the Holy Spirit’s presence before God’s throne (1:4; 4:5; 5:6); must be taught as the one Spirit’s fullness, not seven spirit-beings — an acute risk given Espiritismo/Santería multi-spirit cosmologies.
One Hundred Forty Four Thousand
Approved rendering: ciento cuarenta y cuatro mil (144.000)
Transliteration: hekaton tesserakonta tessares chiliades
Doctrine: Symbolic and Apocalyptic Interpretation
Rejected alternatives: una clase literal y numéricamente limitada de ‘ungidos’ (doctrina de los Testigos de Jehová)
New term. Symbolic totality/completeness of God’s sealed people (7:4-8; 14:1-5); must be explicitly distinguished from the active, widely circulated Jehovah’s Witness literal ‘anointed class’ doctrine in Spanish-speaking populations.
Washed Robes In Blood Of Lamb
Approved rendering: lavaron sus vestiduras en la sangre del Cordero
Transliteration: eplynan tas stolas autōn en tō haimati tou arniou
Doctrine: Sainthood as Corporate Identity of All Believers
Original: ἔπλυναν τὰς στολὰς αὐτῶν ἐν τῷ αἵματι τοῦ ἀρνίου
Category: Salvation
New term. Cleansing/righteousness secured entirely through Christ’s atoning blood, not the believers’ own suffering as merit (7:14); avoid any drift toward a meritorious-suffering reading.
Mystery Of God
Approved rendering: misterio de Dios
Transliteration: mystērion tou theou
Doctrine: Symbolic and Apocalyptic Interpretation
Original: μυστήριον τοῦ θεοῦ
Category: Symbolic Interpretation
New term. God’s previously hidden redemptive plan now nearing completion, announced beforehand to the prophets (10:7); Catholic sacramental usage of ‘misterio’ (Mass, Rosary) may color the term toward ritual contemplation rather than unfolding historical plan.
Synagogue Of Satan
Approved rendering: sinagoga de Satanás
Transliteration: synagōgē tou Satana
Doctrine: Symbolic and Apocalyptic Interpretation
Rejected alternatives: aplicación al pueblo judío o al judaísmo en general (uso histórico polémico rechazado)
Original: συναγωγὴ τοῦ Σατανᾶ
Category: Symbolic Interpretation
New term. A local group of hostile opponents in a specific first-century dispute (2:9; 3:9), not a statement about the Jewish people as such; historically misused in anti-Jewish polemic, a live risk given the region’s own history of religious antisemitism.
Medium Risk Terms
Church
Approved rendering: iglesia
Transliteration: ekklēsia
Doctrine: The Church as Bride of Christ
Rejected alternatives: la Iglesia (institución jerárquica en sentido católico-institucional)
Original: ἐκκλησία
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package. Plural ‘las siete iglesias’ throughout Revelation 1-3; keep lowercase, avoid the capitalized institutional-hierarchical sense.
Kingdom Of God
Approved rendering: reino de Dios
Transliteration: basileia tou theou
Doctrine: The Return and Reign of Christ
Original: βασιλεία τοῦ θεοῦ
Category: Kingdom
Inherited from Romans package. Preserve the declarative, already-secured tone of 11:15 (‘el reino del mundo ha venido a ser de nuestro Señor’), not merely future hope.
Israel
Approved rendering: Israel
Transliteration: Yisra’el
Doctrine: Unity and Inclusion of All Nations
Original: Ἰσραήλ
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package. Grounds the twelve tribes (7:4-8) and the New Jerusalem’s twelve gates (21:12); be aware of contemporary political sensitivity around this proper name.
Gentiles
Approved rendering: gentiles
Transliteration: ethnē
Doctrine: Unity and Inclusion of All Nations
Rejected alternatives: paganos (pejorative in modern Spanish)
Original: ἔθνη
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package. Fully included among the redeemed and the New Jerusalem’s honored nations (5:9; 7:9; 21:24-26).
Mission
Approved rendering: misión
Transliteration: apostolē / pempō
Doctrine: Symbolic and Apocalyptic Interpretation (background)
Original: — (thematic; cf. proclamation to ‘every nation, tribe, tongue’ 14:6)
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package. Minor background term in Revelation; consistent usage if invoked (cf. 14:6, proclamation to every nation).
Apostle
Approved rendering: apóstol
Transliteration: apostolos
Doctrine: The New Heaven and New Earth
Original: ἀπόστολος
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package. The New Jerusalem’s twelve foundations bear ‘los nombres de los doce apóstoles del Cordero’ (21:14).
Revelation Title
Approved rendering: revelación / Apocalipsis (título)
Transliteration: apokalypsis
Doctrine: Symbolic and Apocalyptic Interpretation
Rejected alternatives: catástrofe (drift of the modern loanword meaning)
Original: ἀποκάλυψις
Category: Symbolic Interpretation
New term. ‘Apocalipsis’ in everyday Spanish now primarily means ‘catastrophe/disaster’; reserve ‘Apocalipsis’ for the book title only, with a clarifying note, and use ‘revelación’ for the verb/concept within the text (1:1).
Son Of Man
Approved rendering: Hijo del Hombre
Transliteration: huios anthrōpou
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Rejected alternatives: hombre (loses the titular, Daniel 7:13 allusive force)
Original: υἱὸς ἀνθρώπου
Category: Christology
New term. Danielic/messianic human-yet-transcendent title (1:13) describing the glorified Christ; must retain the Daniel 7 background of divine authority and coming judgment.
The Amen Title
Approved rendering: el Amén
Transliteration: ho Amēn
Doctrine: The Return and Reign of Christ
Original: ὁ Ἀμήν
Category: Christology
New term. Christ’s self-designation as the one in whom God’s promises are confirmed and secured (3:14); requires a teaching note so it is not read as merely a liturgical closing word.
Firstborn Of The Dead
Approved rendering: primogénito de los muertos
Transliteration: prōtotokos tōn nekrōn
Doctrine: Resurrection of Christ and Believers
Original: πρωτότοκος τῶν νεκρῶν
Category: Christology
New term. Christ’s resurrection as the pattern and guarantee of believers’ own future resurrection (1:5); reuses baseline resurrección (Critical) framework.
Ruler Of Kings Of Earth
Approved rendering: el soberano de los reyes de la tierra
Transliteration: ho archōn tōn basileōn tēs gēs
Doctrine: The Sovereignty of God over History
Original: ὁ ἄρχων τῶν βασιλέων τῆς γῆς
Category: Christology
New term. Christ’s authority over all earthly power, including hostile empire (1:5).
Slain
Approved rendering: inmolado
Transliteration: esphagmenon
Doctrine: Worship of the Lamb
Original: ἐσφαγμένον
Category: Christology
New term. Perfect passive participle describing the Lamb’s substitutionary death (5:6, 12); the Greek perfect’s abiding-result nuance (‘and who still bears that scar, even now enthroned’) requires a teaching gloss.
Lion Of Judah Root Of David
Approved rendering: León de la tribu de Judá / Raíz de David
Transliteration: leōn…Iouda / rhiza Dabid
Doctrine: The Return and Reign of Christ
Original: λέων…Ἰούδα / ῥίζα Δαβίδ
Category: Christology
New term. Messianic titles from Genesis 49:9-10 and Isaiah 11 paired paradoxically with the slain Lamb (5:5); ties to baseline messianic_promise and davidic_covenant.
Twenty Four Elders
Approved rendering: veinticuatro ancianos
Transliteration: presbyteroi eikosi tessares
Doctrine: Worship of the Lamb
Rejected alternatives: presbíteros (contemporary Spanish word for ordained Catholic priest — wrongly imports clerical office)
Original: πρεσβύτεροι εἴκοσι τέσσαρες
Category: Church
New term. Representative heavenly figures worshiping around the throne (4:4, 10; 5:8; 11:16; 19:4); must remain ‘ancianos.‘
Angel Of The Church
Approved rendering: ángel (de la iglesia)
Transliteration: angelos (tēs ekklēsias)
Doctrine: Symbolic and Apocalyptic Interpretation
Original: ἄγγελος (τῆς ἐκκλησίας)
Category: Church
New term. Debated referent: guardian/heavenly representative, or human messenger/leader (1:20; 2-3); flag ambiguity for native-speaker/theologian review per occurrence rather than resolving by default assumption.
Two Witnesses
Approved rendering: dos testigos
Transliteration: dyo martyres
Doctrine: Perseverance and Faithful Witness under Persecution
Original: δύο μάρτυρες
Category: Perseverance
New term. Faithful prophetic testimony maintained even unto death and vindicated by resurrection (11:3-12); shares the risk profile of the testimonio/testigo/mártir family.
Crown Of Life
Approved rendering: corona de vida
Transliteration: stephanos tēs zōēs
Doctrine: Perseverance and Faithful Witness under Persecution
Original: στέφανος τῆς ζωῆς
Category: Perseverance
New term. Victor’s wreath granted for faithful endurance under persecution (2:10), not merit-earned salvation.
Number Of The Beast 666
Approved rendering: seiscientos sesenta y seis (666)
Transliteration: arithmos autou hexēkonta hex
Doctrine: Symbolic and Apocalyptic Interpretation
Rejected alternatives: código literal a identificar mediante especulación numerológica
Original: ἀριθμὸς αὐτοῦ ἑξήκοντα ἕξ
Category: Judgment
New term. Symbolic (likely gematria-based) marker of the beast’s imperfect, idolatrous claim to ultimate power (13:18); teach symbolic function, not literal code-hunting.
Idolaters
Approved rendering: idólatras
Transliteration: eidōlolatrai
Doctrine: Idolatry and False Worship
Original: εἰδωλολάτραι
Category: Judgment
New term. Worshipers of false gods/rival powers (21:8; 22:15); must not be misapplied to devotional use of images/icons within Catholic tradition.
Servants Worship Serve
Approved rendering: sus siervos lo servirán / le rendirán culto
Transliteration: latreusousin
Doctrine: Worship of the Lamb
Original: λατρεύσουσιν
Category: Worship
New term. Eternal priestly cultic service/worship of the redeemed (22:3), distinct in nuance from proskyneō; keep consistent so the two are not confused.
Beast From Earth False Prophet
Approved rendering: la bestia de la tierra / el falso profeta
Transliteration: thērion…ek tēs gēs / pseudoprophētēs
Doctrine: The Antichrist and the Beast
Original: θηρίον…ἐκ τῆς γῆς / ψευδοπροφήτης
Category: Judgment
New term. The second beast, a propagandist/enforcer figure serving the first beast’s power (13:11-17; 16:13; 19:20); reuses baseline ‘profeta’ in a negated compound.
Armageddon
Approved rendering: Armagedón
Transliteration: Harmagedōn
Doctrine: Symbolic and Apocalyptic Interpretation
Original: Ἁρμαγεδών
Category: Symbolic Interpretation
New term. Symbolic site of the final gathering of opposition to God (16:16), not necessarily a literal geographic battlefield; widespread secular usage as a generic disaster-word risks detaching it from its specific textual role.
Abyss
Approved rendering: el abismo
Transliteration: abyssos
Doctrine: Judgment of the Wicked and Vindication of the Saints
Original: ἄβυσσος
Category: Judgment
New term. The place of confinement for hostile demonic powers (9:1-2, 11; 11:7; 20:1-3), distinct from Hades and the lake of fire; popular usage flattens all three into one generic ‘infierno.‘
Great White Throne
Approved rendering: el gran trono blanco
Transliteration: ho thronos megas leukos
Doctrine: Judgment of the Wicked and Vindication of the Saints
Original: ὁ θρόνος μέγας λευκός
Category: Judgment
New term. The final judgment seat of comprehensive divine accounting (20:11).
New Heaven New Earth
Approved rendering: nuevo / nueva
Transliteration: kainos
Doctrine: The New Heaven and New Earth
Original: καινός
Category: Eschatology
New term. Qualitative renewal, not merely chronological newness (νέος); a renewed created order, not annihilation-then-substitution (21:1, 5); Spanish ‘nuevo’ does not by itself carry this distinction and requires a standing teaching gloss.
Sea No More
Approved rendering: el mar ya no existía
Transliteration: hē thalassa ouk estin eti
Doctrine: The New Heaven and New Earth
Original: ἡ θάλασσα οὐκ ἔστιν ἔτι
Category: Eschatology
New term. Symbolic resolution of chaos/threat — the sea’s role as the abode from which the beast arises (13:1) — not merely a geographic detail (21:1).
His Peoples
Approved rendering: pueblos suyos / su pueblo
Transliteration: laoi autou
Doctrine: Unity and Inclusion of All Nations
Rejected alternatives: su pueblo (singular default, mutes the deliberate multinational plural)
Original: λαοὶ αὐτοῦ
Category: Eschatology
New term. Deliberate plural universalizing the Sinai covenant formula (Leviticus 26:12) to all redeemed nations (21:3); prefer ‘pueblos suyos’ or ‘ellos serán su pueblo’ with a note on the plural nuance.
Wipe Away Tears
Approved rendering: enjugará (toda lágrima)
Transliteration: exaleipsei
Doctrine: The New Heaven and New Earth
Original: ἐξαλείψει
Category: Eschatology
New term. Total, decisive removal of grief, not gradual alleviation (21:4); ‘enjugará’ is correct RV-tradition vocabulary but low-frequency in everyday Spanish and needs comprehension aids.
Making All Things New
Approved rendering: Yo hago nuevas todas las cosas
Transliteration: kaina poiō panta
Doctrine: The New Heaven and New Earth
Rejected alternatives: haré nuevas todas las cosas (future tense loses the ‘already breaking in’ nuance)
Original: καινὰ ποιῶ πάντα
Category: Eschatology
New term. Present-tense declaration of already-underway, comprehensive cosmic renewal (21:5); preserve present tense against narrative-smoothness temptation to shift to future.
It Is Done
Approved rendering: Hecho está
Transliteration: gegonan
Doctrine: The New Heaven and New Earth
Rejected alternatives: ya pasó (flattens to mundane register, loses finality weight)
Original: Γέγοναν
Category: Eschatology
New term. Declaration of completed accomplishment (21:6), functionally parallel to Christ’s τετέλεσται (‘Consumado es,’ John 19:30).
River Of Water Of Life
Approved rendering: río del agua de la vida
Transliteration: potamos hydatos zōēs
Doctrine: The New Heaven and New Earth
Original: ποταμὸς ὕδατος ζωῆς
Category: Eschatology
New term. Edenic/Ezekiel 47 imagery of God’s life-giving provision flowing from his throne (22:1).
Tree Of Life
Approved rendering: árbol de la vida
Transliteration: xylon zōēs
Doctrine: The New Heaven and New Earth
Original: ξύλον ζωῆς
Category: Eschatology
New term. Genesis 2-3 image, now freely accessible, reversing the Fall (22:2, 14; 2:7).
They Will See His Face
Approved rendering: verán su rostro
Transliteration: opsontai to prosōpon autou
Doctrine: The Covenant Presence of God
Original: ὄψονται τὸ πρόσωπον αὐτοῦ
Category: Eschatology
New term. Beatific-vision language, direct and unmediated relational communion with God (22:4), the book’s highest promise.
Seal
Approved rendering: sello
Transliteration: sphragis
Doctrine: Symbolic and Apocalyptic Interpretation
Original: σφραγίς
Category: Symbolic Interpretation
New term. A wax/signet seal marking ownership/security; the scroll of God’s redemptive/judging plan (ch. 6-8) and later God’s protective mark on believers (7:3-8). Spanish ‘sello’ additionally carries sacramental resonance (Baptism/Confirmation) that must not overwrite the ownership/security sense here.
Come Out Of Her My People
Approved rendering: Salid de ella, pueblo mío
Transliteration: Exelthate ex autēs, ho laos mou
Doctrine: Babylon and Idolatrous Worldly Power
Rejected alternatives: huida geográfica literal
Original: Ἐξέλθατε ἐξ αὐτῆς, ὁ λαός μου
Category: Judgment
New term. Prophetic call to costly separation from idolatrous compromise, not literal geographic flight (18:4); echoes Jeremiah 51:45.
Low Risk Terms
David
Approved rendering: David
Transliteration: Dawid
Doctrine: The Return and Reign of Christ
Original: Δαυίδ
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package. Underlies ‘llave de David’ (3:7) and ‘Raíz de David’ (5:5; 22:16).
Prophet
Approved rendering: profeta
Transliteration: prophētēs
Doctrine: Symbolic and Apocalyptic Interpretation
Rejected alternatives: vidente, adivino
Original: προφήτης
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package. Contrasted throughout Revelation with ‘el falso profeta’ (16:13; 19:20; 20:10).
Prophecy
Approved rendering: profecía
Transliteration: prophēteia
Doctrine: Inspiration and Integrity of Scripture
Rejected alternatives: horóscopo, predicción esotérica
Original: προφητεία
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package. Revelation calls itself ‘este libro de profecía,’ sealing its own integrity (22:18-19).
Worthy
Approved rendering: digno
Transliteration: axios
Doctrine: Worship of the Lamb
Original: ἄξιος
Category: Worship
New term. Grounds for the Lamb’s exclusive right to worship and to unseal history’s scroll (5:2, 9, 12).
New Song
Approved rendering: cántico nuevo
Transliteration: asma kainon
Doctrine: Worship of the Lamb
Original: ᾆσμα καινόν
Category: Worship
New term. Fresh, unrepeatable praise for the Lamb’s redemptive act (5:9; 14:3).
Lampstand
Approved rendering: candelero
Transliteration: lychnia
Doctrine: Symbolic and Apocalyptic Interpretation
Original: λυχνία
Category: Church
New term. Symbol of the church as light-bearer (1:12, 20; 2:5).
Dragon Serpent Devil Satan
Approved rendering: dragón / serpiente antigua / diablo / Satanás
Transliteration: drakōn / ophis ho archaios / diabolos / ho Satanas
Doctrine: Assurance of God’s Final Victory over Evil
Original: δράκων / ὄφις ὁ ἀρχαῖος / διάβολος / ὁ Σατανᾶς
Category: Judgment
New term. Four titles explicitly equated by the text itself for the personal, defeated adversary (12:9); the text supplies its own gloss, minimizing ambiguity.
Accuser
Approved rendering: el acusador
Transliteration: ho katēgoros
Doctrine: Assurance of God’s Final Victory over Evil
Original: ὁ κατήγορος
Category: Judgment
New term. Satan’s legal-forensic role, opposed and defeated by Christ’s work (12:10).
Gog And Magog
Approved rendering: Gog y Magog
Transliteration: Gōg kai Magōg
Doctrine: Symbolic and Apocalyptic Interpretation
Rejected alternatives: conflación con el marco islámico de Yajuj wa-Majuj sin distinción
Original: Γὼγ καὶ Μαγώγ
Category: Symbolic Interpretation
New term. OT names (Ezekiel 38-39) reapplied symbolically to final, futile rebellion against God (20:8); transliterate as proper names.
No More Curse
Approved rendering: ya no habrá maldición
Transliteration: ouk estai…katara
Doctrine: The New Heaven and New Earth
Original: οὐκ ἔσται…κατάρα
Category: Eschatology
New term. Full reversal of the Fall’s consequences (22:3).
Harvest And Winepress
Approved rendering: cosecha / lagar del furor de Dios
Transliteration: therismos / lēnos tou thymou tou theou
Doctrine: Judgment of the Wicked and Vindication of the Saints
Original: θερισμός / ληνὸς τοῦ θυμοῦ τοῦ θεοῦ
Category: Judgment
New term. Agricultural imagery for the final ingathering and decisive divine judgment (14:14-20).
Hallelujah
Approved rendering: Aleluya
Transliteration: Allēlouia
Doctrine: Worship of the Lamb
Original: Ἀλληλουϊά
Category: Worship
New term. Hebrew ‘praise the LORD,’ transliterated doxological exclamation (19:1, 3-4, 6); consistent with the baseline’s Amén/Aleluya convention.
Referenced passages