Linguistic Gap Analysis: Psalms (Spanish Language Package)

Curriculum: Psalms Core passage: Psalm 23:1-6 Language pair: English → Spanish Extends: Baseline Romans translation_memory.json / bible_term_registry.json (never contradicts; all baseline-fixed renderings are reused exactly and are marked [BASELINE REUSE] throughout) Companion documents: analysis/07_semantic_analysis.md (exegetical basis), analysis/08_core_glossary.md (resulting glossary), assets/bible_term_registry.json (resulting term registry)

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Purpose

This document performs the linguistic gap analysis mandated by PRD Phase 1 Step 8: it identifies where standard Spanish Bible vocabulary is (a) genuinely missing a precise lexical match for a Hebrew concept, (b) present but crowded by competing meanings from Catholic devotional culture, Protestant/Evangelical register, or everyday colloquial Spanish, and (c) a candidate for transliteration rather than translation. It also ranks the highest-risk ambiguities this curriculum introduces beyond the Romans baseline. Findings here are the analytical basis for the glossary decisions already recorded in 08_core_glossary.md and bible_term_registry.json; this document explains why those decisions were made, and flags residual risks not yet fully resolved by lexical choice alone.

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1. Doctrine Vocabulary Matrix

For each of the eight curriculum doctrines: the available Spanish terms, their specific weaknesses, and the recommended translation strategy.

1.1 The Character of God as Shepherd, King, and Refuge

Available Spanish terms	Weaknesses	Recommended strategy
pastor (shepherd)	Doubles as the everyday title for a Protestant clergyman/minister (“el pastor de la iglesia”); a first-time reader of “el SEÑOR es mi pastor” may momentarily process this through the clergy sense rather than the intimate care-and-provision metaphor.	Retain pastor (lexically unambiguous, no rival meaning at the concept level); require an explicit teaching note at first occurrence distinguishing the clergy title from the pastoral-care metaphor; leverage the shared Catholic/Protestant devotional strength of “el Buen Pastor” (Juan 10) as a bridge, not a competing risk.
rey / reinar (king)	Low weakness; “rey” has no rival meaning in Spanish, though royal-court register generally (see §1.8) is culturally distant.	Retain standard rendering; supply cultural-distance teaching notes only where royal-court vocabulary clusters (see Kingship doctrine below).
refugio / fortaleza / roca (refuge, stronghold, rock)	Live syncretism risk. In Latin American and Iberian folk-Catholic piety, “refugio” and especially “amparo” are titles specifically and repeatedly applied to the Virgin Mary (“Nuestra Señora, refugio de los pecadores,” “Nuestra Señora del Amparo”) and to patron saints. Four distinct Hebrew words (machaseh, ma’oz, metsudah, tsur) also risk being flattened into one Spanish word, losing textual variety.	Standardize the fixed three-way mapping already fixed in the registry: refugio (machaseh), fortaleza (ma’oz/metsudah), roca (tsur) — never “amparo” as a default. Referent must remain unambiguously God throughout; same risk class as baseline’s intercession/saints cautions.
SEÑOR (YHWH)	See §3 below (transliteration decision); load-bearing across this entire doctrine since YHWH, not Elohim, is the dominant divine name in the Shepherd/King/Refuge psalms (23, 91, 93, 46, etc.).	Small-caps SEÑOR in expository text; typographically distinguished from regular-case Señor (Adonai/baseline).

1.2 Lament and Honest Prayer

Available Spanish terms	Weaknesses	Recommended strategy
queja / quejarse	”Queja” in everyday Spanish carries a petty, whining connotation (“dejar de quejarse”) that risks trivializing the theologically serious genre of lament.	Reject as the primary technical term; use only where the text itself is colloquial in register.
lamento / lamentar	Dignified, already used in both Catholic (Lamentaciones/liturgy of Holy Week) and Protestant funeral/liturgical registers; carries appropriate gravity.	Adopt lamento as the primary technical genre term for this doctrine.
alma (nephesh)	See §2 below — imports Greek/Platonic body-soul dualism where the Hebrew is holistic.	Reuse baseline/registry rendering alma with mandatory teaching note wherever nephesh is doctrinally load-bearing (Ps 42:1-2, 62:1, 23:3).
Seol	Genuine gap-filler; see §3.	Transliterate, never “infierno.”
Imprecatory/curse language (Ps 109, 137:8-9)	Not a lexical gap but a translation-discipline risk: the temptation to soften or omit.	Translate completely and faithfully; pair with a teaching note on canonical function (appeal to divine justice, not personal vengeance), per baseline’s existing rule against minimizing doctrinal/textual statements.
Unresolved lament (Ps 88)	Not a lexical item — a structural feature at risk of being “fixed” by translators/curriculum writers who instinctively want closure.	No lexical rendering; standing editorial instruction that Psalm 88’s ending must not be softened or supplemented with resolution absent from the Hebrew.

1.3 Praise and Worship

Available Spanish terms	Weaknesses	Recommended strategy
alabanza / alabar (halal)	Low weakness; standard and widely shared across traditions.	Retain as primary term; anchor teaching in Ps 100:3 (praise grounded in knowledge of God, not emotional technique alone).
adoración / adorar	In Catholic usage, “adoración” carries strong specific association with adoración eucarística (Eucharistic Adoration, “Adoración Nocturna,” adoration of the Blessed Sacrament) — a devotional register distinct from the Psalter’s general praise-in-worship sense.	Use with an explicit clarifying note distinguishing Psalms’ congregational/personal worship sense from the specific Eucharistic-adoration devotional register; do not treat as a risk-free synonym of “alabanza.”
acción de gracias (todah)	Reuses baseline exactly; low risk.	[BASELINE REUSE]
Amén / Aleluya	Reuses baseline transliteration convention exactly.	[BASELINE REUSE]
Selah and psalm-superscription vocabulary (Maskil, Miktam, Higgaion, Shiggaion, Gitit, Alamoth, Sheminith)	Genuine missing-vocabulary gap, not present in the Romans baseline: these are musical/liturgical notations whose precise Hebrew meaning is itself uncertain even to specialists; no Spanish translation exists in any tradition.	Transliterate all (Selá, Masquil, Mictam, etc., per RV1960 precedent) with a standing glossary note explaining that these are untranslated technical/liturgical markers, so lay readers do not mistake the untranslated word for an error or omission.

1.4 Messianic Prophecy in the Psalms

Available Spanish terms	Weaknesses	Recommended strategy
Mesías, Hijo de Dios	Reuse baseline exactly; risk is in application, not lexeme — flattening OT typology into either pure history or pure prophecy without the dual horizon.	[BASELINE REUSE]; apply dual-horizon teaching template (see §1.8).
piedra angular (Ps 118:22)	Standard, shared Catholic/Protestant term, no lexical rival.	Flag for mandatory theologian review at every occurrence given direct, repeated NT christological citation (Mt 21:42, Acts 4:11, Ef 2:20, 1 P 2:6-7).
Hosanna / “Salva ahora” (Ps 118:25)	Two forms needed: the OT plea itself and the NT liturgical acclamation it became.	Render the OT text as “Salva ahora”/“sálvanos, oh SEÑOR”; retain transliterated “¡Hosanna!” specifically when discussing NT fulfillment (Mt 21:9), per the existing Amén/Aleluya transliteration precedent.
Seol / resurrección (Ps 16:10)	See §2 and §3; the messianic argument in Acts 2:27-31 depends on Seol not being read as “infierno” or as a resurrection-cycle concept.	[BASELINE REUSE for resurrección] + new Seol entry; mandatory theologian review.
Two-Lord oracle (Ps 110:1)	See §1.8 and §4; the single highest-stakes ambiguity introduced by this curriculum.	See dedicated treatment below.

1.5 Confession and Forgiveness (Psalm 51)

Available Spanish terms	Weaknesses	Recommended strategy
confesar / confesión	Crowded neighborhood. In Catholic-majority Spanish-speaking contexts, “confesión” defaults strongly to the sacrament of Confession/Reconciliation (auricular confession, priestly absolution, penance) as the necessary mediating channel.	Render as confesar (el pecado directamente a Dios), with a standing note affirming (without polemicizing against) the value of confessing to fellow believers (Sant 5:16) while making clear Psalm 51’s model is direct, unmediated confession to God — same risk class as baseline’s intercession/saints.
pecado / transgresión / iniquidad (chattaah / pesha / avon)	Risk of collapsing Psalm 51’s deliberate three-term Hebrew synonym stack into a single repeated “pecado,” losing the rhetorical intensity of the passage.	Keep three distinct Spanish terms: pecado (chattaah, baseline reuse), transgresión/rebelión (pesha), iniquidad/culpa (avon).
limpiar / purificar	Risk of being read through a ritual/ceremonial-cleanliness lens (e.g., ritual purity, exorcism-adjacent “limpias” in some folk-religious contexts) rather than moral/relational forgiveness if left unglossed.	Retain standard terms but pair with a brief clarifying gloss (“pureza moral y relacional, no un rito de purificación externa”) at first occurrence in Ps 51 teaching material.
corazón contrito / quebrantado	Low risk; well-established devotional phrase across traditions.	Standard rendering, no change needed.

1.6 The Righteous and the Wicked (Psalm 1)

Available Spanish terms	Weaknesses	Recommended strategy
el justo / justicia (tsaddiq)	Crowded neighborhood shared with the Romans baseline’s Critical justicia term. Risk of learners importing Romans’ forensic-justification sense into Psalm 1’s observable, torah-delighting life-pattern sense.	Retain el justo / justicia; require a standing teaching note distinguishing the ethical-pathway register (Ps 1, 23) from the forensic register (Romans 3-5) and the royal-governance register (Ps 72) every time “justicia” recurs in this curriculum.
el impío (rasha)	Colloquial alternatives (“malo,” “malvado”) are too generic/casual for consistent doctrinal use.	Standardize on el impío across all occurrences (Ps 1, 37, 73, 112).
bienaventurado (ashrei)	“Feliz” is available but too subjective/emotional, losing the objective covenant-flourishing sense of ashrei.	Retain bienaventurado; cross-link teaching to the Beatitudes (Mt 5) as the same underlying wisdom category.
ley (torah)	Crowded neighborhood shared with the Romans baseline’s High-risk ley term. Risk of importing Romans’ polemical law-versus-grace register into Psalms’ law-delights register (Ps 1, 19, 119).	[BASELINE REUSE with Psalms-specific standing note]: “aquí la ley se presenta como fuente de gozo y vida, no principalmente como aquello que condena.”

1.7 Covenant Faithfulness (Hesed)

Available Spanish terms	Weaknesses	Recommended strategy
misericordia	Drifts toward pity/compassion in ordinary Spanish, losing the covenant-loyalty and promise-keeping dimension; also risks collision with the specific and highly popular Catholic Divina Misericordia (Divine Mercy) devotion (image of Jesus, the Chaplet of Divine Mercy, the Feast of Divine Mercy, associated with St. Faustina Kowalska) widespread across Latin America — a live, specific devotional register this curriculum did not previously flag.	Use misericordia but never bare/unglossed; always pair with the fixed clarifying gloss “amor fiel de pacto” on first use per lesson/unit; where feasible, briefly distinguish the Psalter’s covenant-hesed concept from the Divine Mercy devotional framework so learners do not silently substitute one for the other.
gracia (chen)	Adequate for the NT/Romans grace-concept but not the Psalter’s primary lexical vehicle for this family of ideas.	[BASELINE REUSE]; teach chesed and chen/gracia as complementary, not identical, concepts.
fidelidad	Captures the reliability/promise-keeping dimension but loses the warmth and active love dimension if used alone.	Available as a secondary gloss word within teaching material, never as the primary standalone rendering.
amor	Captures warmth but loses the covenant-obligation dimension entirely if used alone.	Same as above — secondary gloss only.
Conclusion	No single Spanish lexeme covers chesed’s full semantic range (loyal love + covenant obligation + active faithfulness + mercy). This is the single largest genuine missing-vocabulary gap in the entire curriculum.	Resolve by fixed compound gloss, not by continued search for a single perfect word; enforce identical wording across all 26 refrain occurrences in Psalm 136.

1.8 Kingship and the Messianic King (Psalms 2 and 110)

Available Spanish terms	Weaknesses	Recommended strategy
rey / reinar / trono / cetro / ungido	Royal-court vocabulary (throne, scepter, anointing) has no living cultural referent for most contemporary Spanish-speaking readers (Spain’s constitutional monarchy being a partial, non-theocratic exception); risk of translators/curriculum writers unconsciously modernizing or domesticating this vocabulary (e.g., “posición de poder” for “trono”).	Retain full royal-court register without modernization; supply explicit cultural-background teaching notes rather than substituting contemporary political vocabulary.
ungido vs. Mesías	”Ungido” (anointed, adjective/participle) and “Mesías” (the specific title, noun) both translate forms of the same Hebrew root (מָשִׁיחַ) but serve different grammatical/rhetorical functions in different psalms.	Distinguish contextually: use ungido where the text describes the coronation act itself (Ps 2:2, 89:20), reserving Mesías for the titular/typological reference; note the shared root for teaching purposes.
Royal sonship formula (Ps 2:7)	Direct equation with baseline’s Critical Hijo de Dios risks either (a) over-reading an eighth-century-BC coronation formula as a full ontological deity-claim in its original setting, or (b) under-reading it and stripping away its genuine NT messianic-typological weight (Acts 13:33, Heb 1:5).	Render “Hijo mío eres tú; yo te he engendrado hoy” (RV-consistent); apply the dual-horizon teaching template: “sentido original (fórmula de entronización real davídica) / cumplimiento en Cristo (filiación eterna).”
Two-Lord oracle (Ps 110:1)	The single highest-stakes typographic/lexical decision in this curriculum: Hebrew uses two distinct terms for “lord” (YHWH and adoni) in one verse; the NT’s own argument for Christ’s deity (Mt 22:44, Acts 2:34-35, Heb 1:13) depends on that distinction surviving into Spanish.	Render “Jehová/el SEÑOR dijo a mi Señor,” preserving small-caps SEÑOR (YHWH) vs. regular-case Señor (adoni) without exception; mandatory theologian review at every occurrence; see §4, rank #2.
Melquisedec (Ps 110:4)	Low lexical risk (standard proper name), but the underlying combined king-priest doctrine has no ready cultural analogue in Hispanic tradition.	[reuse registry entry] Standard transliterated proper name; supply explicit doctrinal teaching support, not a lexical fix.

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2. Missing Vocabulary vs. Crowded Semantic Neighborhoods

2.1 Genuinely Missing Vocabulary (no adequate single Spanish lexeme exists)

Hebrew concept	Gap description	Resolution strategy
חֶסֶד (chesed)	No Spanish word combines loyal-love + covenant-obligation + active mercy in one lexeme.	Fixed compound gloss “misericordia (amor fiel de pacto)”; see §1.7.
נֶפֶשׁ (nephesh)	Spanish “alma” is a Greek-freighted term implying a detachable immortal substance; Hebrew nephesh is the whole living, breathing, desiring self.	Retain “alma” (no viable Spanish alternative exists in standard Bible register) with mandatory teaching note wherever theologically load-bearing.
אַשְׁרֵי (ashrei)	Not a full lexical gap, but “bienaventurado” carries a slightly archaic/liturgical register that risks sounding remote to a contemporary reader; “feliz” loses the objective covenant-flourishing sense.	Retain “bienaventurado” as the technical term but supply a plain-language paraphrase (“verdaderamente dichoso, favorecido por Dios”) in first-use teaching notes.
Musical/liturgical superscriptions (Selah, Maskil, Miktam, Higgaion, Shiggaion, Gitit, Sheminith, Alamoth)	No Spanish translation exists in any tradition; even the original Hebrew meaning is uncertain.	Transliterate; see §3.
Royal-court vocabulary as lived cultural experience (not lexical form)	Words exist (trono, cetro) but the cultural referent — a functioning theocratic monarchy — is largely absent from contemporary Hispanic experience.	Not a lexical gap; a background-knowledge gap requiring explicit teaching, not translation adjustment.

2.2 Crowded Semantic Neighborhoods Requiring Fencing

These are cases where an adequate Spanish word exists but is contested by one or more rival referents from Catholic devotional culture, Protestant/Evangelical usage, or everyday colloquial Spanish, requiring deliberate “fencing” (teaching notes, standing clarifications, or restricted usage) to keep the Psalter’s sense from being absorbed into a competing frame.

Spanish term	Competing occupants of the same semantic space	Fencing strategy
misericordia	(1) chesed’s covenant-loyalty sense; (2) generic pity/compassion in everyday speech; (3) the specific Divina Misericordia (Divine Mercy) Catholic devotional movement	Always paired with “amor fiel de pacto” gloss; brief distinguishing note from the Divine Mercy devotion where curriculum content brings the two into proximity
refugio / amparo	(1) God as the Psalter’s refuge; (2) Marian titles (“refugio de los pecadores,” “Nuestra Señora del Amparo”); (3) patron-saint devotional titles	Reject “amparo” as default; restrict to “refugio/fortaleza/roca” fixed mapping; referent must remain unambiguously God
pastor	(1) God/Christ as shepherd-metaphor; (2) the everyday title for ordained Protestant clergy	Explicit first-occurrence teaching note distinguishing the two senses
adoración	(1) general worship/praise in the Psalter; (2) Eucharistic Adoration in Catholic devotional practice	Prefer “alabanza” as primary; gloss “adoración” with a distinguishing note when used
confesión / confesar	(1) direct personal confession to God (Ps 32, 51); (2) the Catholic sacrament of Confession/Reconciliation	Render “confesar el pecado directamente a Dios”; affirm without polemicizing the value of confessing to fellow believers, without defaulting to sacramental confession as the necessary channel
justicia	(1) forensic legal standing (Romans, baseline Critical); (2) ethical life-pathway (Ps 1, 23); (3) royal-governance justice for the vulnerable (Ps 72)	Standing teaching note distinguishing all three registers at every occurrence
ley	(1) Romans’ polemical law-versus-grace register; (2) Psalms’ law-as-delight register (Ps 1, 19, 119)	Standing Psalms-specific teaching note (see §1.6)
santos	(1) corporate designation for all covenant-faithful believers (Ps 30, 34, 97, 116, 145; Rom 1:7); (2) canonized figures venerated and petitioned for intercession in mainstream Hispanic Catholic piety	[BASELINE REUSE, Critical] — same explanatory note required at every occurrence
reino de Dios	(1) doxological/cosmic-sovereignty register, dominant in the Psalter’s worship psalms (93, 96-99, 103, 145); (2) gospel-advance/missional register foregrounded in the Romans baseline	Distinct teaching notes per register; no lexical change, since both are legitimate and complementary
vocación / llamado	(1) general divine call to every believer (baseline “llamado”); (2) narrow Catholic-culture sense of a call to priesthood/religious life (“vocación”)	[BASELINE REUSE] — no new risk beyond the baseline’s existing caution; Psalms’ election vocabulary (Ps 89:3, 105:6) reinforces rather than complicates this

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3. Transliteration vs. Paraphrase Decisions

Item	Decision	Rationale
YHWH (Tetragrammaton)	Paraphrase-via-typographic-convention: small-caps SEÑOR in expository text; transliteration “Jehová” permitted only inside direct RV1960 quotations	”Jehová” (pure transliteration/vocalization tradition) now carries a strong live collision risk with the Testigos de Jehová (Jehovah’s Witnesses), a non-Trinitarian group; small-caps SEÑOR is the convention of NVI, DHH, and most modern ecumenical Spanish versions and avoids this collision while preserving the distinction from regular-case Señor
Selah, Maskil, Miktam, Higgaion, Shiggaion, Gitit, Sheminith, Alamoth	Transliterate, do not attempt paraphrase	These are musical/liturgical technical notations of uncertain even scholarly meaning; any paraphrase would manufacture false precision. Standing glossary note required so untranslated forms are not mistaken for errors.
Seol (Sheol)	Transliterate (“Seol”), never paraphrase as “infierno”	Avoids importing the fully developed NT/final-judgment concept (Gehenna) into the OT’s more general, shadowy realm-of-the-dead concept; especially load-bearing at Ps 16:10 (Acts 2:27-31)
Hosanna (root: hoshi’ah na)	Split decision: paraphrase (“Salva ahora”) for the OT text itself (Ps 118:25); transliterate (“¡Hosanna!”) specifically when discussing its NT liturgical afterlife (Mt 21:9)	Preserves both the OT semantic content and the NT liturgical form already established by baseline precedent (Amén, Aleluya)
Amén / Aleluya	Transliterate	[BASELINE REUSE] exact convention
Abba	Transliterate, paired with “Padre”	[BASELINE REUSE] exact convention; relevant as cross-reference even though Psalms itself does not use the term
Melquisedec, Sion, David	Transliterate as standard Spanish Bible proper names	Standard, low-risk, established across all traditions
Two-Lord oracle (Ps 110:1)	Paraphrase with mandatory typographic discipline, not transliteration	The doctrinal payload is carried by the distinction between two Spanish renderings of two Hebrew words, not by preserving any Hebrew form; the risk is losing the distinction in devotional reprints, audio, or informal paraphrase where small caps cannot render — recommend an explicit spoken/audio convention (e.g., verbal gloss “el SEÑOR, es decir, Dios mismo, dijo a mi Señor, el Rey”) for non-print media
Royal sonship formula (Ps 2:7)	Paraphrase (full RV-consistent sentence), not transliteration	The formula’s rhetorical force depends on complete sentence structure, not an isolated technical term

General decision criterion applied throughout: transliterate when (a) no adequate translation exists, (b) the term functions as a technical/liturgical marker rather than carrying independent semantic content, or (c) an established cross-tradition Spanish Bible convention already exists (Amén, Aleluya, Selah-type terms). Paraphrase — even at sentence length — when the doctrinal payload depends on relational or argumentative structure that a single transliterated word cannot carry (the Two-Lord oracle, the royal sonship formula).

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4. Ranked List of Highest-Risk Ambiguities Introduced by This Curriculum

Ranked by combined doctrinal weight and likelihood of silent, undetected drift in Phase 2 translation output. Items already fully covered by the Romans baseline are cross-referenced but not re-ranked unless the Psalms curriculum adds new exposure.

1. YHWH: SEÑOR (small caps) vs. Jehová. Occurs over 600 times in the Psalter — the single highest-frequency Critical decision in this Language Package extension. Wrong default risks both doctrinal flattening (losing the covenant-name distinctiveness) and live cultural collision (Jehovah’s Witnesses association). Requires client/theological board sign-off before Phase 2, per 08_core_glossary.md.
2. Two-Lord oracle, Psalm 110:1 (SEÑOR vs. Señor in one verse). The NT’s own christological argument (Mt 22:44) depends on this distinction surviving translation; a single slip anywhere in Phase 2 output silently erases the argument’s evidentiary basis. Mandatory theologian review at every occurrence.
3. Chesed / misericordia. Central to an entire named curriculum doctrine (Covenant Faithfulness), appears in the core passage itself (Ps 23:6), and now flagged as additionally colliding with the widespread Divina Misericordia devotional movement — a specific risk this analysis newly identifies beyond the prior glossary’s framing.
4. Confesión (Psalm 51) defaulting to the Catholic sacrament of Confession. High likelihood of silent drift since “confesar” and “confesión” are the natural, unmarked Spanish words; the sacramental association is culturally dominant and easy to invoke without intending to.
5. Santos: corporate believers vs. canonized/venerated figures. Carried forward from baseline as Critical, but Psalms multiplies the exposure (Ps 30, 34, 37, 97, 116, 145) well beyond Romans’ single anchor verse (1:7), raising the practical frequency of risk even though the doctrinal analysis is unchanged.
6. Refugio/amparo vs. Marian devotional titles. High-frequency term across the Psalter’s refuge vocabulary (Ps 9, 14, 18, 46, 61-62, 71, 91, 94, 144) with a well-established, widely used competing referent in popular piety.
7. Justicia’s three registers (forensic / ethical-pathway / royal-governance) colliding within a single curriculum that spans both Romans-descended vocabulary and Psalms’ own usage. Higher risk here than in Romans alone because this curriculum actively juxtaposes Psalm 1’s and Psalm 23’s ethical-pathway sense against the baseline’s forensic sense in the same teaching units.
8. Pastor: divine care-metaphor vs. clergy title. Uniquely acute in this curriculum because the core passage (Ps 23:1) foregrounds this exact word in its most memorized, most quoted form; any ambiguity here has outsized pastoral/teaching visibility.
9. Royal sonship formula (Ps 2:7) vs. baseline’s eternal Hijo de Dios. Risk of flattening in either direction (over-reading deity into the original coronation formula, or under-reading messianic weight out of it); compounded by the formula’s frequent devotional quotation in isolation from its literary context.
10. Ley: delight-register (Psalms) vs. condemnation-register (Romans) within one Language Package. This curriculum is the first to place both registers side by side for the same learner population; previously the baseline’s caution applied to a single curriculum in isolation.
11. Seol vs. infierno. Concentrated risk at a single but doctrinally significant verse (Ps 16:10) directly feeding the Messianic Prophecy doctrine via Acts 2:27-31; lower frequency than items above but high doctrinal density per occurrence.
12. Reino de Dios: doxological-cosmic register (Psalms) vs. gospel-advance register (Romans baseline). Medium risk; the two registers are complementary rather than contradictory, but easily blurred without an explicit teaching note distinguishing worship-doxology from missional-advance framing.
13. Selah and other musical superscriptions. Not a doctrinal-collision risk but a comprehension-gap risk: untranslated terms scattered through nearly every psalm could be mistaken by lay readers for translation errors or omissions if the standing glossary note is dropped from any downstream Phase 2 product.
14. Adoración vs. Eucharistic Adoration devotional register. Lower frequency than items above since “alabanza” is the preferred primary term in this curriculum, but present wherever “adoración” appears as a secondary synonym.

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This gap analysis assumes and does not duplicate the doctrine-risk tiering already established in 08_core_glossary.md and assets/bible_term_registry.json; consult those documents for the full risk classification, and analysis/07_semantic_analysis.md for the underlying exegetical argument behind each entry above.