Core Glossary
Core Glossary — Hebrews (English → Spanish)
This glossary consolidates every load-bearing term identified in 07_semantic_analysis.md, drawn from all thirteen chapters of Hebrews. Terms already established in the baseline Romans translation_memory.json are marked [Reused] and MUST use the exact recorded Spanish rendering; any additional doctrinal notes here extend, but never contradict, the baseline entry. New Hebrews-specific terms are marked [New] and are proposed for addition to translation memory at the risk tier indicated, pending theologian sign-off per the Phase 2 workflow (12_ai_translation_requirements.md, “New Term” procedure).
Legend
- Status: [Reused] = exact baseline rendering enforced; [New] = new entry for this curriculum’s translation memory.
- Risk: Critical / High / Medium / Low, per the shared risk framework in
doctrine_risk_registry.json.
A. Christology and the Person of Christ
| Term (EN) | Greek / Translit. | Spanish Rendering | Status | Risk | Doctrine | Key Passages | Notes / Rejected Alternatives |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Son of God | υἱὸς θεοῦ / huios theou | Hijo de Dios | Reused | Critical | Sonship of Christ | 1:2-8; 4:14; 5:8; 7:3 | Baseline entry enforced verbatim. Hebrews 1 is the densest deity-of-Christ text outside John 1; never render as adoptive or honorary sonship. |
| radiance / effulgence | ἀπαύγασμα / apaugasma | el resplandor de su gloria | New | Critical | Deity of Christ | 1:3 | Rejected: any term implying reflected/derivative light (e.g., “reflejo”); must convey light identical in nature to its source. |
| exact imprint / express image | χαρακτήρ τῆς ὑποστάσεως / charaktēr tēs hypostaseōs | la imagen misma de su sustancia | New | Critical | Deity of Christ | 1:3 | RV1960 precedent retained. Rejected: “una semejanza” / “un representante” (implies non-identical nature). |
| firstborn | πρωτότοκος / prōtotokos | primogénito | New | High | Sonship of Christ; Church as God’s People | 1:6; 12:23 | Rank/inheritance sense, not “first created.” Guard against the historic Arian misreading. |
| apostle (applied to Christ) | ἀπόστολος / apostolos | apóstol | Reused | Low-Medium | Apostleship / Christ’s Mission | 3:1 | Baseline “apóstol” enforced; flag that Hebrews applies this title to Christ himself, a distinctive usage requiring a brief explanatory note. |
| author / pioneer | ἀρχηγός / archēgos | autor (also “príncipe,” “capitán” in older renderings) | New | Medium-High | Superiority of Christ; Perseverance | 2:10; 12:2 | RV1960 precedent “autor.” Convey both origination and pioneering solidarity through suffering. |
| perfecter | τελειωτής / teleiōtēs | consumador | New | High | Perseverance and Assurance | 12:2 | Paired with ἀρχηγός; RV1960 “autor y consumador de la fe.” |
| Jesus Christ, same forever | (compound: Ἰησοῦς Χριστὸς χθὲς καὶ σήμερον ὁ αὐτός) | Jesucristo es el mismo ayer, y hoy, y por los siglos | Reused (compound) | High | Lordship of Christ; Assurance | 13:8 | Must be rendered identically across all curriculum documents per consistency rule. |
B. Priesthood and Sacrifice (highest collision-risk cluster)
| Term (EN) | Greek / Translit. | Spanish Rendering | Status | Risk | Doctrine | Key Passages | Notes / Rejected Alternatives |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| high priest | ἀρχιερεύς / archiereus | sumo sacerdote | New | Critical | Christ as the Great High Priest; Superiority over the Levitical Priesthood | 2:17; 3:1; 4:14-15; 5:1-10; 6:20; 7:26-28; 8:1; 9:7,11,25 | Standard Spanish rendering, but the Levitical office it fulfills-and-ends is in direct tension with any ongoing sacrificing human priesthood; mandatory theologian review at every occurrence. |
| priest | ἱερεύς / hiereus | sacerdote | New | Critical | Christ as the Great High Priest | 5:6; 7:1-3,11,15,17,20-23; 10:11 | Same collision as above: contemporary Catholic clergy are titled “sacerdote.” Teach Hebrews’ argument (no successor priesthood needed) with theological precision, not polemic. |
| priesthood | ἱερωσύνη / ἱερατεία / hierōsynē / hierateia | sacerdocio | New | Critical | Superiority over the Levitical Priesthood | 7:5,11-12,24 | The “change” (μετατίθεμαι) of priesthood from Levi to Melchizedek-in-Christ is the chapter 7 argument; must not be flattened. |
| sacrifice / offering (noun) | θυσία / thysia | sacrificio | New | Critical | The Once-for-All Atoning Sacrifice | 5:1; 7:27; 9:23,26; 10:1,5,8,11-12,26; 11:4; 13:15-16 | The single highest-stakes term in the book. Direct historical tension with Tridentine Mass-as-sacrifice doctrine (Trent, Session XXII). Every occurrence flagged for theologian review. Rejected: any softening to “ofrenda simbólica” that would blur the historical, bloody, completed nature of the event. |
| to offer (verb) | προσφέρω / prospherō | ofrecer | New | Critical | The Once-for-All Atoning Sacrifice | 5:1,3; 7:27; 8:3-4; 9:7,9,14,25,28; 10:1-2,8,11-12; 11:4,17 | Christ’s reflexive self-offering (priest and victim in one) must never be rendered ambiguously as third-party officiation. |
| once / once for all | ἅπαξ / hapax | una vez (contextually “una vez para siempre”) | New | Critical | The Once-for-All Atoning Sacrifice | 6:4; 9:7,26-28; 10:2; 12:26 | Contrasted with πολλάκις (“many times”). Core rhetorical foil of Hebrews 9-10. |
| once for all (intensive) | ἐφάπαξ / ephapax | una vez para siempre | New | Critical | The Once-for-All Atoning Sacrifice | 7:27; 9:12 (some MSS); 10:10 | The technical anchor term for non-repeatability. NEVER render in a way compatible with an ongoing or repeatable sacrificial act. |
| mercy seat / atonement cover | ἱλαστήριον / hilastērion | propiciatorio | New | Critical | The Once-for-All Atoning Sacrifice; Access to God through Christ’s Blood | 9:5 | The OT physical locus of atonement; cross-reference explicitly with 2:17 (ἱλάσκομαι) and the core passage. |
| to make propitiation | ἱλάσκομαι / hilaskomai | expiar / hacer propiciación por | New | Critical | The Once-for-All Atoning Sacrifice | 2:17 | First occurrence of the propitiation word-group in the book; flag alongside θυσία and ἱλαστήριον. |
| blood | αἷμα / haima | sangre | New | High | Access to God through Christ’s Blood | throughout, esp. 9:7,12-14,18-22,25; 10:19,29; 12:24; 13:11-12,20 | Standard and well-attested in Hispanic devotion; must be taught as the literal, historical blood of Christ’s death, not a detached liturgical symbol. |
| blood of the covenant | αἷμα τῆς διαθήκης / haima tēs diathēkēs | la sangre del pacto | New | High | New Covenant vs. Old; Access to God through Christ’s Blood | 9:20; 10:29; 13:20 | Must be rendered identically at every occurrence (cross-reference Matt 26:28). |
| altar | θυσιαστήριον / thysiastērion | altar | New | Critical | Access to God through Christ’s Blood | 13:10 | Historic proof-text in eucharistic-sacrifice polemics; teach in its own context (13:11-13) without importing later liturgical-controversy freight. |
| sacrifice of praise | θυσία αἰνέσεως / thysia aineseōs | sacrificio de alabanza | New | Medium | The Once-for-All Atoning Sacrifice (redefinition) | 13:15 | Positive redefinition of sacrificial vocabulary for the new-covenant era; pairs pedagogically with the core passage. |
| purification / to purify | καθαρισμός, καθαρίζω / katharismos, katharizō | purificación / purificar | New | Medium-High | The Once-for-All Atoning Sacrifice | 9:13-14,22-23; 10:2 | Same folk-purification-practice caution as baseline “pecado” note (curanderismo, Santería cleansing rites). |
| sprinkle / sprinkling | ῥαντίζω / rhantizō | rociar | New | Medium | Access to God through Christ’s Blood | 9:13,19,21; 10:22; 12:24 | Ritual application of blood/water; contrast external (OT) vs. inward (NT) effect. |
| conscience | συνείδησις / syneidēsis | conciencia | New | High | The Once-for-All Atoning Sacrifice; Access to God | 9:9,14; 10:2,22; 13:18 | Christ’s blood cleanses definitively; must not imply need for repeated ritual absolution to “re-clear” the conscience. |
| forgiveness / remission | ἄφεσις / aphesis | perdón | New | Medium | The Once-for-All Atoning Sacrifice | 9:22; 10:18 | Complete remission; ties to the baseline’s forensic (not gradually-infused) framework. |
| tabernacle | σκηνή / skēnē | tabernáculo | New | Medium | Christ as Great High Priest; typology | 8:2,5; 9:2-3,6,8,11,21; 13:10 | Requires a clarifying gloss distinguishing the OT tent-sanctuary from the modern Catholic “tabernáculo” (reserved-host cabinet). |
| veil / curtain | καταπέτασμα / katapetasma | velo | New | Medium | Access to God through Christ’s Blood | 6:19; 9:3; 10:20 | The OT dividing curtain, removed typologically by Christ’s death; distinguish from liturgical vestment “velos.” |
| shadow | σκιά / skia | sombra | New | Medium | New Covenant vs. Old (typology) | 8:5; 10:1 | Must be paired with the “reality” it foreshadows so the shadow/substance argument is not lost. |
| copy / pattern | τύπος, ὑπόδειγμα / typos, hypodeigma | modelo / figura / copia | New | Medium | New Covenant vs. Old (typology) | 8:5; 9:23-24 | Earthly replica pointing to heavenly original — not “moral example.” |
| antitype / corresponding copy | ἀντίτυπος / antitypos | figura (RV1960) | New | Medium | New Covenant vs. Old (typology) | 9:24 | Note potential convergence with τύπος/ὑπόδειγμα on the same Spanish word “figura”; disambiguate by context. |
| perfect / to perfect | τέλειος, τελειόω, τελείωσις / teleios, teleioō, teleiōsis | perfecto / perfeccionar / perfección | New | High | Christ as Great High Priest; Perseverance | 2:10; 5:9,14; 6:1; 7:11,19,28; 9:9; 10:1,14; 11:40; 12:2,23 | Functional/vocational completion, NOT gradual moral-improvement (Tridentine infusion) or “already sinless made better.” Distinguish from santificación (ongoing process). |
C. Covenant and Mediation
| Term (EN) | Greek / Translit. | Spanish Rendering | Status | Risk | Doctrine | Key Passages | Notes / Rejected Alternatives |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| covenant | διαθήκη / diathēkē | pacto | Reused | High | New Covenant vs. Old | throughout, esp. chs. 7-10 | Baseline “pacto” enforced (not “alianza”). In 9:16-17, exploits the Greek dual sense “covenant/testament” — add translator note; Spanish “pacto” alone does not carry the testament/inheritance-upon-death logic. |
| new covenant | καινὴ διαθήκη / kainē diathēkē | nuevo pacto | New (extends Reused) | High | New Covenant vs. Old | 8:8-13; 9:15; 12:24 | Must not imply ethnic supersessionism or God’s rejection of Israel; Hebrews’ own warrant is Jeremiah 31, a promise, not a replacement. |
| the first covenant | πρώτη διαθήκη / prōtē diathēkē | el primer pacto | New | Medium | New Covenant vs. Old | 8:7,13; 9:1,15,18 | Obsolete in mediatorial/sacrificial function only; does not imply rejection of the covenant people. |
| mediator | μεσίτης / mesitēs | mediador | New | Critical | New Covenant vs. Old; Access to God | 7:22 (implied); 8:6; 9:15; 12:24 | Direct collision with the Catholic Marian title “Mediatrix” and saint-mediated petitionary piety. Christ alone mediates the new covenant; flag every occurrence for theologian review. |
| guarantee / surety | ἔγγυος / eggyos | fiador (RV1960) / garantía | New | Medium | New Covenant vs. Old | 7:22 | Distinct role from μεσίτης (guarantor vs. go-between); both converge on Christ. |
| promise | ἐπαγγελία / epangelia | promesa | New | Medium | New Covenant vs. Old; Faith of the OT Saints | 4:1; 6:12-17; 7:6; 8:6; 9:15; 10:23,36; 11:9,13,17,33,39 | New entry not previously in Romans TM; recurs heavily across Hebrews. |
| oath | ὅρκος / horkos | juramento | New | Low-Medium | New Covenant vs. Old | 6:16-17; 7:20-21,28 | God’s oath confirms the promise/covenant; standard term. |
| inheritance | κληρονομία / klēronomia | herencia | New | Medium | Access to God; Assurance | 1:14 (implied); 9:15; 11:8 | Secured, not earned; teach alongside baseline grace caution. |
| heir | κληρονόμος / klēronomos | heredero | New | Low-Medium | Sonship of Christ; Adoption (Christ as “heir of all things”) | 1:2; 6:17; 11:7 | Standard, unambiguous. |
| redemption | ἀπολύτρωσις, λύτρωσις / apolytrōsis, lytrōsis | redención | New | High | The Once-for-All Atoning Sacrifice | 9:12,15; 11:35 (implied) | A permanently secured deliverance, not one requiring periodic re-application. |
| intercession / to intercede | ἐντυγχάνω / entynchanō | interceder | Reused | Critical | Access to God through Christ’s Blood | 7:25 | Baseline “intercesión” caution applies identically: Christ’s own, direct, living intercession — NOT modeled on saint/Marian intercession. One of the two or three most important verses in the book for this doctrine. |
| to draw near / approach | προσέρχομαι / proserchomai | acercarse | New | High | Access to God through Christ’s Blood | 4:16; 7:25; 10:1,22; 11:6; 12:22 | Direct, unmediated approach to God through Christ alone — the summary verb of this doctrine. |
| boldness / confidence | παρρησία / parrēsia | confianza / libertad (RV1960 varies by verse) | New | High | Access to God through Christ’s Blood | 3:6; 4:16; 10:19,35 | Must not be undercut by an assumption that approach to God requires priestly, saintly, or Marian mediation as a precondition. |
| throne of grace | θρόνος τῆς χάριτος / thronos tēs charitos | trono de la gracia | New (extends Reused grace) | High | Access to God through Christ’s Blood | 4:16 | Direct, unmediated approach to grace, not grace mediated through merit or intercessory figures. |
D. Apostasy, Warning, and Perseverance
| Term (EN) | Greek / Translit. | Spanish Rendering | Status | Risk | Doctrine | Key Passages | Notes / Rejected Alternatives |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| to fall away / apostasy | παραπίπτω / parapiptō | recaer / apostatar | New | Critical | The Danger of Apostasy and Warning Passages | 6:6 | Most theologically contested passage in Hebrews across traditions (Reformed / Arminian / Catholic mortal-sin readings). Render with full force; do not silently resolve the perseverance-vs-apostasy debate. Mandatory theologian review every occurrence. |
| to depart / fall away | ἀφίστημι / aphistēmi | apartarse | New | Critical | The Danger of Apostasy and Warning Passages | 3:12 | Active, willful defection, distinct from unintentional sin. |
| to crucify again / expose to shame | ἀνασταυρόω, παραδειγματίζω / anastauroō, paradeigmatizō | crucificar de nuevo / exponer a vergüenza pública | New | Critical | The Danger of Apostasy and Warning Passages | 6:6 | Describes apostasy’s effective repudiation of Christ; same review routing as παραπίπτω. |
| to sin deliberately/willfully | ἑκουσίως ἁμαρτάνω / hekousiōs hamartanō | pecar deliberadamente | New | Critical | The Danger of Apostasy and Warning Passages | 10:26 | Distinct from ordinary post-conversion struggle with sin; willful, informed rejection of Christ’s sacrifice. |
| the impossibility of Esau’s repentance | μεταμέλεια (negated) / metameleia | no hubo ya lugar para el arrepentimiento | New | Critical | The Danger of Apostasy and Warning Passages | 12:16-17 | Must not be flattened into a universal claim that no one who once fails can ever repent; the text concerns Esau’s specific birthright transaction. |
| unbelief | ἀπιστία / apistia | incredulidad | New | High | The Danger of Apostasy; Faith | 3:12,19; 4:2 | Direct negative of baseline “fe”; the “evil heart of unbelief” is the central danger of ch. 3. |
| to harden (the heart) | σκληρύνω / sklērynō | endurecer | New | Medium | The Danger of Apostasy | 3:8,13,15; 4:7 | A real, culpable human response, not fatalistic hardness of temperament. |
| endurance / perseverance | ὑπομονή, ὑπομένω / hypomonē, hypomenō | perseverancia (RV1960 sometimes “paciencia”) | New | High | Perseverance and Assurance | 6:12; 10:36; 12:1-3,7 | Active, hope-fueled steadfastness grounded in God’s character, not mere willpower or fatalistic resignation. |
| shrinking back | ὑποστολή / hypostolē | retroceder / encogerse | New | Medium | Perseverance and Assurance | 10:39 | Contrasted with faith that preserves the soul. |
| judgment | κρίσις / krisis | juicio | New | High | Universal accountability (cf. Romans parallel) | 9:27; 10:27 | A certain, unavoidable divine verdict; avoid drift toward purgatorial negotiation or indefinite postponement. |
| a fearful thing to fall into God’s hands | φοβερὸν… ἐμπεσεῖν εἰς χεῖρας θεοῦ ζῶντος | cosa terrible es caer en las manos del Dios vivo | New | High | The Danger of Apostasy | 10:31 | Retain full rhetorical force per the baseline’s “do not soften” rule. |
E. Faith, Assurance, and the OT Saints
| Term (EN) | Greek / Translit. | Spanish Rendering | Status | Risk | Doctrine | Key Passages | Notes / Rejected Alternatives |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| faith | πίστις / pistis | fe | Reused | High | Faith of the OT Saints | ch. 11 throughout; 4:2; 6:12; 10:22-23,38-39 | Baseline “fe” enforced. Chapter 11 is Hebrews’ extended definition-and-catalogue chapter. |
| assurance / substance | ὑπόστασις / hypostasis (distinct sense from 1:3) | certeza | New | High | Faith of the OT Saints | 11:1 | Same Greek word rendered “sustancia” at 1:3 (Christ’s nature) — two distinct senses; do not force one mechanical Spanish equivalent across both. |
| conviction / evidence | ἔλεγχος / elegchos | convicción | New | Medium-High | Faith of the OT Saints | 11:1 | Paired with ὑπόστασις in Hebrews’ closest approach to a formal definition of faith. |
| righteousness according to faith | δικαιοσύνη κατὰ πίστιν | la justicia que es según la fe | Reused (extends baseline righteousness) | Critical | Faith of the OT Saints; Justification (cross-curricular) | 11:7 | Carries the Romans forensic-righteousness argument into Hebrews; handle with the same rigor as the baseline’s imputed-righteousness entry. |
| stranger and exile | ξένος καὶ παρεπίδημος | extranjeros y peregrinos | New | Low-Medium | Faith of the OT Saints | 11:13 | Patriarchs living by promise, not present possession. |
| a lasting city | πόλις μένουσα / μένουσα πόλις | ciudad permanente | New | Low-Medium | Faith of the OT Saints; Assurance | 11:14-16; 13:14 | Anticipates the heavenly Jerusalem/Zion theme of ch. 12. |
| cloud of witnesses | νέφος μαρτύρων | una gran nube de testigos | New | Low | Perseverance | 12:1 | Witnesses attest to faith’s reality (ch. 11 catalogue), not spectators watching present believers — brief clarifying note recommended. |
F. God, the Spirit, and Divine Attributes
| Term (EN) | Greek / Translit. | Spanish Rendering | Status | Risk | Doctrine | Key Passages | Notes / Rejected Alternatives |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| God | θεός / theos | Dios | Reused | Critical | (foundational) | throughout | Baseline enforced. |
| living God | Θεὸς ζῶν / Theos zōn | Dios vivo | New | Low | Access to God | 3:12; 9:14; 10:31; 12:22 | Contrasts the true God with lifeless idols/ritual. |
| Holy Spirit | Πνεῦμα Ἅγιον / Pneuma Hagion | Espíritu Santo | Reused | Critical | (foundational) | 2:4; 3:7; 6:4; 9:8,14; 10:15 | Baseline enforced; personal, divine third Person, distinct from ancestral/guide spirits per baseline note. |
| Spirit of grace | Πνεῦμα τῆς χάριτος | el Espíritu de gracia | Reused (compound) | Critical | The Danger of Apostasy | 10:29 | Combines two Critical baseline terms; insulted by willful apostasy. |
| Father | πατήρ / patēr | Padre | Reused | Critical | Adoption; Discipline | 12:7,9 | Baseline enforced. |
| angel | ἄγγελος / angelos | ángel / ángeles | New | Medium | Superiority of Christ over Angels | ch. 1 throughout; 2:2,5,7,9,16; 13:2 | Created, worshiping servants, categorically distinct from the divine Son; also distinct from ancestral/guide spirits invoked in Santería/Espiritismo. Guard against elevating angels to quasi-intercessory status. |
| the God of peace | ὁ Θεὸς τῆς εἰρήνης | el Dios de paz | Reused (compound) | Medium | Peace with God (cross-curricular) | 13:20 | Combines baseline “Dios” and “paz.” |
G. Church, Worship, and Community
| Term (EN) | Greek / Translit. | Spanish Rendering | Status | Risk | Doctrine | Key Passages | Notes / Rejected Alternatives |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| church / assembly | ἐκκλησία / ekklēsia | congregación / iglesia | Reused | Medium | Church as God’s People | 2:12; 12:23 | Baseline “iglesia” enforced generally; 12:23’s “assembly of the firstborn” may render “congregación” contextually — keep distinct from institutional-hierarchical “la Iglesia.” |
| profession / confession (of faith/hope) | ὁμολογία / homologia | profesión (NOT “confesión”) | New | High | Christian Identity; Access to God | 3:1; 4:14; 10:23 | RV1960 precedent “profesión” is the risk-mitigating choice: “confesión” collides with the Catholic sacrament of penance. Standardize “profesión” across this curriculum. |
| fellowship / sharing | κοινωνία / koinōnia | compañerismo | Reused | Low | Christian Fellowship | 13:16 | Baseline enforced. |
| leaders (church) | ἡγούμενοι / hēgoumenoi | vuestros pastores / dirigentes | New | Medium | Church as God’s People | 13:7,17,24 | Distinguish from ποιμήν (“Shepherd,” Christ, 13:20) to avoid conflating human leaders with Christ’s unique shepherding role. |
| Shepherd (of Christ) | ποιμήν / poimēn | Pastor (capitalized when referring to Christ) | New | Medium | Christ as Great High Priest | 13:20 | See ἡγούμενοι note above for disambiguation. |
| discipline | παιδεία / paideia | disciplina | New | Medium | Perseverance; Adoption | 12:5-11 | Loving, formative fatherly correction, not punitive rejection; distinct from penitential-merit framework. |
| hospitality / brotherly love | φιλοξενία, φιλαδελφία | hospitalidad / amor fraternal | New | Low | Christian Fellowship | 13:1-2 | Standard. |
| an unshakable kingdom | βασιλεία ἀσάλευτος | reino inconmovible | Reused (extends kingdom_of_god) | Medium | Kingdom Mission (cross-curricular) | 12:28 | RV1960 precedent. |
H. Old Testament Background and Typology
| Term (EN) | Greek / Translit. | Spanish Rendering | Status | Risk | Doctrine | Key Passages | Notes / Rejected Alternatives |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Melchizedek | Μελχισέδεκ / Melchisedek | Melquisedec | New | Medium | Superiority over the Levitical Priesthood | 5:6,10; 6:20; 7:1-17 | Proper name; requires OT background note (Gen 14; Ps 110:4). Teach as a real historical priest-king functioning as a prophetic type. |
| Sinai / Zion | Σινᾶ / Σιών | Sinaí / Sion | New | Medium | New Covenant vs. Old | 12:18-24 | Foundational proper-noun contrast (terrifying old-covenant mountain vs. welcoming new-covenant assembly). |
| the heavenly Jerusalem | Ἱερουσαλὴμ ἐπουράνιος | la Jerusalén celestial | New | Medium | Faith of the OT Saints; Assurance | 12:22 | Ties to “a lasting city” theme (11:14-16; 13:14). |
| law | νόμος / nomos | ley | Reused | High | New Covenant vs. Old | 7:12,19,28; 8:4; 10:1 | Baseline enforced. |
| sin | ἁμαρτία / hamartia | pecado | Reused | High/Medium | (foundational) | throughout | Baseline enforced; never soften to “falta.” |
| glory | δόξα / doxa | gloria | Reused | Medium/High | Deity of Christ | 1:3; 2:7,9-10; 3:3 | Baseline enforced. |
Cross-Reference to Baseline Terms Reused Without Modification
The following baseline terms recur in Hebrews with no doctrinal nuance beyond what the Romans package already documents; they are listed here for completeness of full-book coverage but require no new glossary treatment: grace (gracia), called/calling (llamado), holy (santo), sanctification (santificación), peace (paz), thanksgiving (acción de gracias), exhort (exhortar), resurrection (resurrección), messiah/Christ (Mesías/Cristo), Jesus (Jesús), lord (Señor), spiritual gifts (dones espirituales) (cf. Heb 2:4’s “gifts of the Holy Spirit,” distributed enablements), Israel (Israel), providence (providencia) (cf. Heb 1:3’s sustaining of all things), election is not independently thematized in Hebrews but “called” language (κεκλημένοι, 9:15) reuses the baseline entry.
This glossary extends but never contradicts translation_memory.json and bible_term_registry.json. All new entries proposed above require theologian sign-off before being written into translation memory, per the version-increment procedure in 12_ai_translation_requirements.md.
Critical Risk Terms
Righteousness
Approved rendering: justicia
Transliteration: dikaiosynē
Doctrine: Salvation
Rejected alternatives: rectitud moral autónoma, mérito acumulado
Inherited from Romans package exactly. Occurs in Hebrews 5:13 (‘the word of righteousness’) and 12:11 (‘the peaceful fruit of righteousness’); ensure the forensic/relational sense the baseline defends is not displaced by a purely ethical-instruction reading.
Imputed Righteousness
Approved rendering: justicia imputada
Transliteration: elogisthē autō eis dikaiosynēn
Doctrine: Justification by Faith
Rejected alternatives: justicia infundida
Inherited from Romans package exactly. Never use ‘justicia infundida’ as a substitute. Cross-references the new Hebrews-specific entry ‘righteousness_according_to_faith’ (Hebrews 11:7).
Righteousness According To Faith
Approved rendering: la justicia que es según la fe
Transliteration: dikaiosynē kata pistin
Doctrine: Faith of the Old Testament Saints
Rejected alternatives: mérito moral autónomo, justicia infundida progresivamente
Original: δικαιοσύνη κατὰ πίστιν
Category: Faith and Assurance
New entry. Hebrews 11:7, applied to Noah, carries the Pauline forensic-righteousness argument into Hebrews; handle with the same rigor as ‘imputed_righteousness.’ A credited legal standing received by faith, not a self-achieved moral rectitude.
Salvation
Approved rendering: salvación
Transliteration: sōtēria
Doctrine: Salvation
Rejected alternatives: salvarse por buenas obras, merecer el cielo mediante sacramentos y penitencia
Original: σωτηρία
Category: Old Testament Background and Typology
Inherited from Romans package exactly. Hebrews 1:14; 2:3,10; 5:9; 9:28 present salvation as both inaugurated and consummated at Christ’s return; must be taught as reconciliation received by faith, not a lifelong uncertain outcome secured through sacraments, penance, or saintly/Marian intercession.
Resurrection
Approved rendering: resurrección
Transliteration: anastasis
Doctrine: Resurrection of Christ
Rejected alternatives: reencarnación
Original: ἀνάστασις (cf. 13:20’s ἀναγαγὼν ἐκ νεκρῶν)
Category: Old Testament Background and Typology
Inherited from Romans package; baseline Romans risk was High, elevated to Critical in this curriculum given the concentrated closing-doxology use (Hebrews 13:20) and its exact terminological linkage to the core passage’s covenant-blood argument. In Caribbean-facing lessons, distinguish explicitly from a spirit’s return in Espiritismo or Santería frameworks.
Saints
Approved rendering: santos
Transliteration: hagioi
Doctrine: Sainthood
Rejected alternatives: los santos (canonizados, objeto de veneración e intercesión)
Inherited from Romans package exactly. Hebrews 6:10 (‘you have ministered to the saints’) uses the term for ordinary believers; pair with the same explanatory note as the baseline requires.
Intercession
Approved rendering: intercesión / interceder
Transliteration: entynchanō
Doctrine: Prayer and Intercession
Rejected alternatives: intercesión de los santos o de la Virgen como mediadores necesarios ante Dios
Original: ἐντυγχάνω
Category: Covenant and Mediation
Inherited from Romans package exactly. Hebrews 7:25 (‘he always lives to make intercession for them’) is one of the two or three most important verses in the book for the Access to God doctrine; must never default to a saint- or Marian-mediated model.
Jesus
Approved rendering: Jesús
Transliteration: Iēsous
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Original: Ἰησοῦς
Category: Old Testament Background and Typology
Inherited from Romans package exactly. Used throughout Hebrews for both his humanity and his high-priestly role (2:9; 3:1; 4:14; 6:20; 7:22; 10:19; 12:2,24; 13:8,12,20).
God
Approved rendering: Dios
Transliteration: theos
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Original: θεός
Category: God and Spirit
Inherited from Romans package exactly. No rival deity-name confusion in mainstream Hispanic Christian usage.
Holy Spirit
Approved rendering: Espíritu Santo
Transliteration: pneuma hagion
Doctrine: Sanctification
Rejected alternatives: una fuerza impersonal, un espíritu guía o ancestral
Original: Πνεῦμα Ἅγιον
Category: God and Spirit
Inherited from Romans package exactly. Hebrews 2:4; 3:7; 6:4; 9:8,14; 10:15; must be taught as personal and divine, explicitly distinguished from ancestral or ‘guide’ spirits invoked in Espiritismo and Santería.
Father
Approved rendering: Padre
Transliteration: patēr
Doctrine: Adoption into God’s Family
Original: πατήρ
Category: God and Spirit
Inherited from Romans package exactly. Hebrews 12:7,9, whose loving discipline proves genuine sonship.
Lord
Approved rendering: Señor
Transliteration: kyrios
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: Señor mío (devotional-only, without lordship claim over the whole of life)
Original: κύριος
Category: Old Testament Background and Typology
Inherited from Romans package exactly. Hebrews 1:10; 2:3; 7:14; 13:20; must convey exclusive, supreme lordship.
Messiah
Approved rendering: Mesías / Cristo
Transliteration: Christos / Mashiach
Doctrine: Messianic Promise
Rejected alternatives: un ungido más, entre otros santos o profetas venerados
Original: Χριστός
Category: Old Testament Background and Typology
Inherited from Romans package exactly. Hebrews 9:11,14,24,28 identifies Christ entering the Most Holy Place as the true, unique fulfillment of this office.
High Priest
Approved rendering: sumo sacerdote
Transliteration: archiereus
Doctrine: Christ as the Great High Priest
Rejected alternatives: un sacerdote más dentro de un orden continuado
Original: ἀρχιερεύς
Category: Priesthood and Sacrifice
New entry. Standard Spanish rendering, but the Levitical office it fulfills-and-ends is in direct tension with any ongoing sacrificing human priesthood; mandatory theologian review at every occurrence (2:17; 3:1; 4:14-15; 5:1-10; 6:20; 7:26-28; 8:1; 9:7,11,25).
Priest
Approved rendering: sacerdote
Transliteration: hiereus
Doctrine: Christ as the Great High Priest
Original: ἱερεύς
Category: Priesthood and Sacrifice
New entry. Contemporary Spanish-speaking Catholic clergy are titled ‘sacerdote’; Hebrews’ argument that Christ’s unique priesthood needs no ongoing human successors must be taught with theological precision, never polemical flattening (5:6; 7:1-3,11,15,17,20-23; 10:11).
Priesthood
Approved rendering: sacerdocio
Transliteration: hierōsynē / hierateia
Doctrine: The Superiority of Christ over the Levitical Priesthood
Original: ἱερωσύνη / ἱερατεία
Category: Priesthood and Sacrifice
New entry. The claim that the priesthood ‘has changed’ (μετατίθεμαι, 7:12) from Levi to Melchizedek-in-Christ, with no further order to follow, must not be flattened into a merely comparative ‘better priesthood among priesthoods’ (7:5,11-12,24).
Sacrifice
Approved rendering: sacrificio
Transliteration: thysia
Doctrine: The Once-for-All Atoning Sacrifice
Rejected alternatives: ofrenda simbólica
Original: θυσία
Category: Priesthood and Sacrifice
New entry. The single highest-stakes lexical choice in the book for Spanish, given direct historical tension with Trent’s teaching (Session XXII) of the Mass as a true, propitiatory, unbloody re-presentation of Christ’s sacrifice. Every occurrence (5:1; 7:27; 9:23,26; 10:1,5,8,11-12,26; 11:4; 13:15-16) requires mandatory theologian review.
To Offer
Approved rendering: ofrecer
Transliteration: prospherō
Doctrine: The Once-for-All Atoning Sacrifice
Original: προσφέρω
Category: Priesthood and Sacrifice
New entry. Christ’s reflexive self-offering (priest and victim in one) must never be rendered ambiguously as third-party officiation (5:1,3; 7:27; 8:3-4; 9:7,9,14,25,28; 10:1-2,8,11-12; 11:4,17).
Once
Approved rendering: una vez
Transliteration: hapax
Doctrine: The Once-for-All Atoning Sacrifice
Original: ἅπαξ
Category: Priesthood and Sacrifice
New entry. Contrasted deliberately with πολλάκις (‘many times’); carries the weight of Hebrews’ entire argument against repeated sacrifice (6:4; 9:7,26-28; 10:2; 12:26).
Once For All
Approved rendering: una vez para siempre
Transliteration: ephapax
Doctrine: The Once-for-All Atoning Sacrifice
Rejected alternatives: una sola vez (bare numerical rendering without the finality nuance)
Original: ἐφάπαξ
Category: Priesthood and Sacrifice
New entry. The technical anchor term for non-repeatability. NEVER render in a way compatible with an ongoing or repeatable sacrificial re-presentation (7:27; 9:12 in some MSS; 10:10).
Mercy Seat
Approved rendering: propiciatorio
Transliteration: hilastērion
Doctrine: The Once-for-All Atoning Sacrifice
Original: ἱλαστήριον
Category: Priesthood and Sacrifice
New entry. Cross-reference explicitly with 2:17 (ἱλάσκομαι) and the core passage (9:11-28) so learners connect the OT physical locus of atonement with the fulfilled doctrine (9:5).
Propitiation
Approved rendering: expiar / hacer propiciación por
Transliteration: hilaskomai
Doctrine: The Once-for-All Atoning Sacrifice
Original: ἱλάσκομαι
Category: Priesthood and Sacrifice
New entry. First occurrence of the propitiation word-group in the book (2:17); flag alongside ‘sacrifice’ and ‘mercy_seat’ for mandatory theologian review.
Altar
Approved rendering: altar
Transliteration: thysiastērion
Doctrine: Worship as the Sacrifice of Praise
Original: θυσιαστήριον
Category: Priesthood and Sacrifice
New entry. ‘We have an altar’ (13:10) is a historic proof-text in eucharistic-sacrifice polemics; teach in its own context (13:11-13) without importing later liturgical-controversy freight, while still flagging for mandatory theologian review.
Mediator
Approved rendering: mediador
Transliteration: mesitēs
Doctrine: Christ as the Sole Mediator and Guarantor of the Covenant
Original: μεσίτης
Category: Covenant and Mediation
New entry. Direct collision with the Catholic Marian title ‘Mediatrix’ and saint-mediated petitionary piety. Christ alone mediates the new covenant; flag every occurrence for theologian review (8:6; 9:15; 12:24).
Fall Away
Approved rendering: recaer / apostatar
Transliteration: parapiptō
Doctrine: The Danger of Apostasy and Warning Passages
Original: παραπίπτω
Category: Apostasy and Warning
New entry. Most theologically contested passage in Hebrews across traditions (6:4-6); render with full, undiminished force; must not silently resolve the perseverance-versus-apostasy debate in any tradition’s favor. Mandatory theologian review at every occurrence.
Depart From The Living God
Approved rendering: apartarse
Transliteration: aphistēmi
Doctrine: The Danger of Apostasy and Warning Passages
Original: ἀφίστημι
Category: Apostasy and Warning
New entry. Active, willful defection, distinct from unintentional sin (‘an evil heart of unbelief… falling away from the living God,’ 3:12).
Crucify Again
Approved rendering: crucificar de nuevo / exponer a vergüenza pública
Transliteration: anastauroō / paradeigmatizō
Doctrine: The Danger of Apostasy and Warning Passages
Rejected alternatives: deshonrar a Cristo (softer generic gloss)
Original: ἀνασταυρόω / παραδειγματίζω
Category: Apostasy and Warning
New entry. Describes apostasy’s effective repudiation of Christ (6:6); retain the full shock of the imagery rather than softening it.
Sin Deliberately
Approved rendering: pecar deliberadamente
Transliteration: hekousiōs hamartanō
Doctrine: The Danger of Apostasy and Warning Passages
Rejected alternatives: pecar (bare, undistinguished from ordinary sin)
Original: ἑκουσίως ἁμαρτάνω
Category: Apostasy and Warning
New entry. Distinct from ordinary post-conversion struggle with sin; a willful, informed rejection of Christ’s sacrifice (10:26,29).
Esaus Lost Repentance
Approved rendering: no hubo ya lugar para el arrepentimiento
Transliteration: metameleia (negated)
Doctrine: The Danger of Apostasy and Warning Passages
Rejected alternatives: nadie que falle una vez puede jamás arrepentirse (overgeneralized universal claim)
Original: μεταμέλεια (negated)
Category: Apostasy and Warning
New entry. Must not be flattened into a universal statement that anyone who once fails can never repent; the text concerns Esau’s specific birthright transaction (12:16-17).
Spirit Of Grace
Approved rendering: el Espíritu de gracia
Transliteration: Pneuma tēs charitos
Doctrine: The Danger of Apostasy and Warning Passages
Original: Πνεῦμα τῆς χάριτος
Category: God and Spirit
New compound entry combining two Critical/High baseline terms (Espíritu Santo, gracia). Must retain the personal, relational force of ‘insulting’ a Person, not merely violating an abstract principle (10:29).
Radiance Of Gods Glory
Approved rendering: el resplandor de su gloria
Transliteration: apaugasma tēs doxēs
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Rejected alternatives: reflejo de su gloria (implies derivative, reflected light rather than identical-nature radiance)
Original: ἀπαύγασμα τῆς δόξης
Category: Christology
New entry. Light identical in nature to its source, not derivative or reflected; must avoid any term implying a lesser, borrowed nature (1:3).
Exact Imprint Of His Nature
Approved rendering: la imagen misma de su sustancia
Transliteration: charaktēr tēs hypostaseōs autou
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Rejected alternatives: una semejanza, un representante
Original: χαρακτὴρ τῆς ὑποστάσεως αὐτοῦ
Category: Christology
New entry. RV1960 precedent retained; must not be softened to ‘a resemblance’ or ‘a representative,’ which would undercut the ontological identity being asserted (1:3).
Son Of God
Approved rendering: Hijo de Dios
Transliteration: huios theou
Doctrine: Sonship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: hijo de Dios en el sentido genérico aplicado a todo creyente
Original: υἱὸς θεοῦ
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package exactly. Hebrews 1:2-8; 4:14; 5:8; 7:3 is the densest deity-of-Christ concentration outside John 1; never softened to adoptive or honorary sonship.
High Risk Terms
Gospel
Approved rendering: evangelio
Transliteration: euangelion
Doctrine: Gospel
Rejected alternatives: buenas nuevas (only as a descriptive gloss, never the standalone technical term)
Inherited from Romans package exactly. Hebrews 4:2,6 (‘good news preached to us just as to them’) reuses this term for the OT saints’ anticipatory hearing of God’s promise; teach as the same authoritative proclamation of salvation, not a lesser or preliminary announcement.
Grace
Approved rendering: gracia
Transliteration: charis
Doctrine: Grace
Rejected alternatives: favor merecido, recompensa por buenas obras
Original: χάρις
Category: God and Spirit / Salvation
Inherited from Romans package exactly. Hebrews’ ‘throne of grace’ (4:16) and ‘Spirit of grace’ (10:29) presume direct, unmediated access; must not be framed as infused and increased through merit and sacramental cooperation.
Faith
Approved rendering: fe
Transliteration: pistis
Doctrine: Faith of the Old Testament Saints
Rejected alternatives: devoción religiosa general, creencia cultural heredada
Original: πίστις
Category: Faith and Assurance
Inherited from Romans package exactly. Hebrews 11 is the book’s extended definition-and-catalogue chapter; must remain personal trust in God’s promise, never inherited cultural religiosity or devotional loyalty to a saint or the Virgin.
Called
Approved rendering: llamado
Transliteration: klētos / klēsis
Doctrine: Divine Calling
Rejected alternatives: vocación (in the narrow sense of a call to priesthood or religious life)
Original: κεκλημένοι
Category: Church and Worship
Inherited primarily from the Romans baseline’s ‘calling’ entry (High risk). Hebrews 9:15’s ‘those who are called’ (κεκλημένοι) is the effectual-calling sense; the baseline’s ‘vocación’ caution applies identically — this is God’s sovereign call to salvation, not a call to ordained ministry.
Holy
Approved rendering: santo
Transliteration: hagios
Doctrine: Sanctification
Rejected alternatives: puro en sentido ritual
Original: ἅγιος
Category: Church and Worship
Inherited from Romans package; baseline risk was Medium, elevated to High in this curriculum because Hebrews 12:14’s pursuit of holiness sits inside the book’s dense cultic-priestly argument, intensifying the collision risk with popular piety’s canonized-saint framing.
Sanctification
Approved rendering: santificación
Transliteration: hagiasmos
Doctrine: Sanctification
Rejected alternatives: purificación penitencial, vía purgativa
Original: ἁγιασμός
Category: Church and Worship
Inherited from Romans package exactly. Hebrews 12:14 (ongoing pursuit of holiness) must be explicitly distinguished from the once-for-all positional sanctification Christ’s single offering accomplishes (10:10,14) and from the ‘perfecto/perfeccionar’ word-group, which describes a different, vocational sense.
Incarnation
Approved rendering: encarnación
Transliteration: ho logos sarx egeneto
Doctrine: Incarnation
Inherited from Romans package exactly. Relevant to Hebrews 2:14 (‘he himself likewise partook of flesh and blood’) and 10:5 (citing Psalm 40, ‘a body you have prepared for me’); teach the permanent assumption of human nature, not merely a Christmas-nativity association.
Law
Approved rendering: ley
Transliteration: nomos
Doctrine: The New Covenant versus the Old
Original: νόμος
Category: Old Testament Background and Typology
Inherited from Romans package exactly. Hebrews 7:12,19,28; 8:4; 10:1 argue the Law’s inherent inability to perfect anyone, requiring its priestly and sacrificial provisions to be fulfilled and ended in Christ.
Sin
Approved rendering: pecado
Transliteration: hamartia
Doctrine: The Once-for-All Atoning Sacrifice
Rejected alternatives: falta (minimizing euphemism common in pastoral speech)
Original: ἁμαρτία
Category: Old Testament Background and Typology
Inherited from Romans package; baseline risk was Medium, elevated to High in this curriculum given sin’s centrality to the atonement argument throughout Hebrews 9-10. Never soften to ‘falta.‘
Glory
Approved rendering: gloria
Transliteration: doxa
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Original: δόξα
Category: Old Testament Background and Typology
Inherited from Romans package; baseline risk was Medium, elevated to High in this curriculum given the density of deity-of-Christ argumentation in Hebrews 1:3; 2:7,9-10; 3:3.
Election
Approved rendering: elección
Transliteration: eklogē
Doctrine: Effectual Calling
Rejected alternatives: destino, suerte
Inherited from Romans package exactly. Not independently thematized as a distinct doctrine in Hebrews, but retained for cross-curriculum consistency with the effectual-calling language of Hebrews 9:15.
Covenant
Approved rendering: pacto
Transliteration: diathēkē
Doctrine: The New Covenant versus the Old
Rejected alternatives: contrato legal, alianza (Catholic-tradition preference, not used in this curriculum)
Original: διαθήκη
Category: Covenant and Mediation
Inherited from Romans package exactly (pacto, not alianza). Hebrews 9:16-17 exploits διαθήκη’s dual Greek sense of covenant and last-will/testament; add a mandatory translator’s footnote at 9:16-17, since ‘pacto’ alone does not carry the testament/inheritance-upon-death logic driving the verse’s argument.
Providence
Approved rendering: providencia
Transliteration: pherōn ta panta (cf. Hebrews 1:3)
Doctrine: Providence
Rejected alternatives: destino, la suerte
Original: cf. Hebrews 1:3’s φέρων τὰ πάντα
Category: Old Testament Background and Typology
Inherited from Romans package; baseline risk was Medium, elevated to High in this curriculum given Hebrews 1:3’s Christological claim that the Son sustains all things (‘upholding all things by the word of his power’), a stronger and more explicitly divine formulation than the Romans 8:28 usage.
Blood
Approved rendering: sangre
Transliteration: haima
Doctrine: Access to God through Christ’s Blood
Original: αἷμα
Category: Priesthood and Sacrifice
New entry. Standard and deeply embedded in Hispanic Christian devotion (‘la sangre de Cristo’); must be taught as the literal, historical blood of Christ’s death, not a detached liturgical symbol (9:7,12-14,18-22,25; 10:19,29; 12:24; 13:11-12,20).
Blood Of The Covenant
Approved rendering: la sangre del pacto
Transliteration: haima tēs diathēkēs
Doctrine: The New Covenant versus the Old
Original: αἷμα τῆς διαθήκης
Category: Priesthood and Sacrifice / Covenant
New entry. Must be rendered identically at every occurrence (9:20; 10:29; 13:20) for cross-passage and cross-document consistency; echoes Exodus 24:8 and Matthew 26:28.
Purification
Approved rendering: purificación / purificar
Transliteration: katharismos / katharizō
Doctrine: The Once-for-All Atoning Sacrifice
Original: καθαρισμός / καθαρίζω
Category: Priesthood and Sacrifice
New entry. Same caution as the baseline’s ‘pecado’ note regarding folk-religious purification practices (curanderismo, Santería cleansing rites); must be taught as accomplished by Christ’s blood applied by faith (9:13-14,22-23; 10:2).
Conscience
Approved rendering: conciencia
Transliteration: syneidēsis
Doctrine: The Once-for-All Atoning Sacrifice
Original: συνείδησις
Category: Priesthood and Sacrifice
New entry. Christ’s blood cleanses definitively; must not imply need for repeated ritual absolution (auricular confession, penance) to periodically re-clear the conscience (9:9,14; 10:2,22; 13:18).
Perfect Perfection
Approved rendering: perfecto / perfeccionar / perfección
Transliteration: teleios / teleioō / teleiōsis
Doctrine: Christ as the Great High Priest
Original: τέλειος / τελειόω / τελείωσις
Category: Priesthood and Sacrifice / Christology
New entry. Functional/vocational completion, NOT gradual moral-improvement; must be distinguished from ‘santificación’ at every occurrence (2:10; 5:9,14; 6:1; 7:11,19,28; 9:9; 10:1,14; 11:40; 12:2,23).
New Covenant
Approved rendering: nuevo pacto
Transliteration: kainē diathēkē
Doctrine: The New Covenant versus the Old
Rejected alternatives: nueva alianza (Catholic-tradition preference, not used in this curriculum)
Original: καινὴ διαθήκη
Category: Covenant and Mediation
New entry, extends the baseline ‘covenant’ entry. Must not imply ethnic supersessionism or God’s rejection of Israel; Hebrews’ own warrant is Jeremiah 31 (8:8-13; 9:15; 12:24).
Redemption
Approved rendering: redención
Transliteration: apolytrōsis / lytrōsis
Doctrine: The Once-for-All Atoning Sacrifice
Original: ἀπολύτρωσις / λύτρωσις
Category: Covenant and Mediation / Priesthood and Sacrifice
New entry. Must be distinguished from a redemption periodically re-applied or re-earned through ongoing sacramental participation; Hebrews presents a completed transaction (9:12,15).
Draw Near
Approved rendering: acercarse
Transliteration: proserchomai
Doctrine: Access to God through Christ’s Blood
Original: προσέρχομαι
Category: Covenant and Mediation
New entry. The summary verb of the Access to God doctrine; must be preserved as an invitation to direct, unmediated approach (4:16; 7:25; 10:1,22; 11:6; 12:22).
Boldness Confidence
Approved rendering: confianza / libertad
Transliteration: parrēsia
Doctrine: Access to God through Christ’s Blood
Original: παρρησία
Category: Covenant and Mediation
New entry. Must not be undercut by an assumption that approaching God requires priestly, saintly, or Marian mediation as a precondition (3:6; 4:16; 10:19,35).
Throne Of Grace
Approved rendering: trono de la gracia
Transliteration: thronos tēs charitos
Doctrine: Access to God through Christ’s Blood
Original: θρόνος τῆς χάριτος
Category: Covenant and Mediation
New entry, extends the baseline grace caution. Direct, unmediated approach to grace, not grace mediated through merit or intercessory figures (4:16).
Unbelief
Approved rendering: incredulidad
Transliteration: apistia
Doctrine: The Danger of Apostasy and Warning Passages
Rejected alternatives: duda (too mild)
Original: ἀπιστία
Category: Apostasy and Warning / Faith
New entry. Direct negative of the baseline’s high-risk ‘fe’; the central danger of Hebrews 3 (3:12,19; 4:2).
Endurance Perseverance
Approved rendering: perseverancia
Transliteration: hypomonē / hypomenō
Doctrine: Perseverance and Assurance
Rejected alternatives: paciencia (RV1960 occasional alternate, retained only where source precedent uses it), resignación fatalista
Original: ὑπομονή / ὑπομένω
Category: Perseverance and Assurance
New entry. Active, hope-fueled steadfastness grounded in God’s character, not mere willpower or fatalistic resignation (6:12; 10:36; 12:1-3,7).
Judgment
Approved rendering: juicio
Transliteration: krisis
Doctrine: Judgment and Universal Accountability
Original: κρίσις
Category: Apostasy and Warning
New entry. Must retain a certain, unavoidable divine verdict after death, avoiding drift toward purgatorial negotiation or indefinite postponement (9:27; 10:27).
Fearful To Fall Into Gods Hands
Approved rendering: cosa terrible es caer en las manos del Dios vivo
Transliteration: phoberon… empesein eis cheiras theou zōntos
Doctrine: The Danger of Apostasy and Warning Passages
Original: φοβερὸν… ἐμπεσεῖν εἰς χεῖρας θεοῦ ζῶντος
Category: Apostasy and Warning
New entry. Retain full rhetorical force per the baseline’s no-softening rule; not rhetorical exaggeration but a genuine statement of consequence (10:31).
Assurance Substance
Approved rendering: certeza
Transliteration: hypostasis
Doctrine: Faith of the Old Testament Saints
Rejected alternatives: sustancia (reserved exclusively for Hebrews 1:3’s distinct Christological sense)
Original: ὑπόστασις
Category: Faith and Assurance
New entry. The same Greek word is rendered ‘sustancia’ at 1:3 (Christ’s nature); these are two distinct theological senses within one book and must not be mechanically equated (11:1).
Conviction Evidence
Approved rendering: convicción
Transliteration: elegchos
Doctrine: Faith of the Old Testament Saints
Original: ἔλεγχος
Category: Faith and Assurance
New entry. Paired with ‘assurance_substance’ in Hebrews’ closest approach to a formal definition of faith (11:1); consistency in rendering is essential given how heavily this verse will be quoted and taught.
Profession Of Faith
Approved rendering: profesión
Transliteration: homologia
Doctrine: Christian Confession and Identity
Rejected alternatives: confesión (collides with the Catholic sacrament of penance)
Original: ὁμολογία
Category: Church and Worship
New entry. RV1960 precedent ‘profesión’ is the risk-mitigating choice: ‘confesión’ in everyday Catholic Spanish overwhelmingly denotes sacramental auricular confession. Standardize ‘profesión’ across this curriculum (3:1; 4:14; 10:23).
Firstborn
Approved rendering: primogénito
Transliteration: prōtotokos
Doctrine: Sonship of Christ
Original: πρωτότοκος
Category: Christology
New entry. A title of rank/inheritance, not birth order or createdness; must guard against the historic Arian misreading (1:6; 12:23).
Author And Pioneer
Approved rendering: autor
Transliteration: archēgos
Doctrine: The Superiority of Christ over Angels
Original: ἀρχηγός
Category: Christology
New entry. RV1960 precedent ‘autor’ retained; must convey both origination and pioneering solidarity through suffering, not a distant, impersonal ‘cause’ (2:10; 12:2).
Perfecter
Approved rendering: consumador
Transliteration: teleiōtēs
Doctrine: Perseverance and Assurance
Original: τελειωτής
Category: Christology
New entry. Paired with ‘autor’ in the fixed phrase ‘el autor y consumador de la fe’ (12:2); must not be read as a gradual, merit-cooperative moral-improvement process.
Medium Risk Terms
Apostle
Approved rendering: apóstol
Transliteration: apostolos
Doctrine: Apostleship
Original: ἀπόστολος
Category: Christology / Church
Inherited from Romans package (baseline Low risk); elevated to Medium in this curriculum because Hebrews 3:1 uniquely applies the title to Christ himself (‘the apostle and high priest of our confession’), a distinctive usage requiring a brief explanatory note so learners do not read it as demoting Christ to the rank of a sent messenger among other apostles.
Peace
Approved rendering: paz
Transliteration: eirēnē
Doctrine: Peace with God
Rejected alternatives: tranquilidad emocional
Original: εἰρήνη
Category: Church and Worship
Inherited from Romans package exactly. Hebrews 12:11,14; 13:20; relational and covenantal, not merely emotional calm.
Spiritual Gifts
Approved rendering: dones espirituales
Transliteration: charismata
Doctrine: Spiritual Gifts
Rejected alternatives: poderes espirituales
Original: χαρίσματα (cf. Heb 2:4’s ‘gifts of the Holy Spirit’)
Category: Church and Worship
Inherited from Romans package exactly. Hebrews 2:4’s ‘gifts of the Holy Spirit’ confirming the gospel; avoid the folk-healing ‘poderes espirituales’ framing risked by curanderismo and Santería.
Church
Approved rendering: iglesia / congregación
Transliteration: ekklēsia
Doctrine: Church as God’s People
Rejected alternatives: la Iglesia (institución jerárquica en sentido católico-institucional)
Original: ἐκκλησία
Category: Church and Worship
Inherited from Romans package. Hebrews 2:12 and 12:23 (‘the assembly of the firstborn’) may render contextually as ‘congregación’; must remain distinct from the capitalized institutional-hierarchical sense of ‘la Iglesia.‘
Kingdom Of God
Approved rendering: reino de Dios
Transliteration: basileia tou theou
Doctrine: Kingdom Mission
Inherited from Romans package exactly. Extended in Hebrews 12:28 by the new entry ‘unshakable_kingdom’ (‘reino inconmovible’).
Israel
Approved rendering: Israel
Transliteration: Yisra’el
Doctrine: The New Covenant versus the Old
Original: Ἰσραήλ
Category: Old Testament Background and Typology
Inherited from Romans package exactly. Hebrews 8:8,10 quotes Jeremiah 31’s new covenant promise ‘with the house of Israel’; must not be taught as God’s rejection of Israel as a people.
Sacrifice Of Praise
Approved rendering: sacrificio de alabanza
Transliteration: thysia aineseōs
Doctrine: Worship as the Sacrifice of Praise
Original: θυσία αἰνέσεως
Category: Priesthood and Sacrifice
New entry. A positive redefinition of sacrificial vocabulary for the new-covenant era (13:15); must be clearly distinguished from the cultic θυσία the book declares fulfilled and ended.
Sprinkle
Approved rendering: rociar
Transliteration: rhantizō
Doctrine: Access to God through Christ’s Blood
Original: ῥαντίζω
Category: Priesthood and Sacrifice
New entry. Ritual application of blood/water; contrast external (OT) vs. inward (NT) effect (9:13,19,21; 10:22; 12:24).
Forgiveness
Approved rendering: perdón
Transliteration: aphesis
Doctrine: The Once-for-All Atoning Sacrifice
Original: ἄφεσις
Category: Priesthood and Sacrifice
New entry. Complete remission of sin’s guilt (9:22; 10:18); ties to the baseline’s forensic (not gradually-infused) sense of righteousness/justification.
Tabernacle
Approved rendering: tabernáculo
Transliteration: skēnē
Doctrine: Christ as the Great High Priest
Original: σκηνή
Category: Priesthood and Sacrifice
New entry. Requires a clarifying gloss at first occurrence (‘el tabernáculo del Antiguo Testamento, la tienda del desierto’) distinguishing the OT tent-sanctuary from the modern Catholic ‘tabernáculo’ (reserved-host cabinet) (8:2,5; 9:2-3,6,8,11,21; 13:10).
Veil
Approved rendering: velo
Transliteration: katapetasma
Doctrine: Access to God through Christ’s Blood
Original: καταπέτασμα
Category: Priesthood and Sacrifice
New entry. The OT dividing curtain, removed typologically by Christ’s death; distinguish from modern liturgical vestment ‘velos’ (6:19; 9:3; 10:20).
Shadow
Approved rendering: sombra
Transliteration: skia
Doctrine: Typology: Shadow and Reality
Original: σκιά
Category: Priesthood and Sacrifice
New entry. Must be paired consistently with the ‘reality/substance’ it foreshadows so the shadow/reality structure of Hebrews’ argument survives translation (8:5; 10:1).
Copy Or Pattern
Approved rendering: modelo / figura / copia
Transliteration: typos / hypodeigma
Doctrine: Typology: Shadow and Reality
Rejected alternatives: ejemplo moral a imitar
Original: τύπος / ὑπόδειγμα
Category: Priesthood and Sacrifice
New entry. Must consistently signal ‘earthly copy pointing to heavenly reality,’ not ‘a moral example to imitate’ (8:5; 9:23-24).
Antitype
Approved rendering: figura
Transliteration: antitypos
Doctrine: Typology: Shadow and Reality
Original: ἀντίτυπος
Category: Priesthood and Sacrifice
New entry. RV1960 renders this word ‘figura,’ the same Spanish word used for hypodeigma elsewhere; disambiguate by context or footnote (9:24).
First Covenant
Approved rendering: el primer pacto
Transliteration: prōtē diathēkē
Doctrine: The New Covenant versus the Old
Original: πρώτη διαθήκη
Category: Covenant and Mediation
New entry. Obsolete in mediatorial/sacrificial function only; does not imply rejection of the covenant people (8:7,13; 9:1,15,18).
Guarantee Surety
Approved rendering: fiador / garantía
Transliteration: eggyos
Doctrine: Christ as the Sole Mediator and Guarantor of the Covenant
Original: ἔγγυος
Category: Covenant and Mediation
New entry. A distinct but related role to ‘mediador’ (guarantor vs. go-between); both converge uniquely on Christ (7:22).
Promise
Approved rendering: promesa
Transliteration: epangelia
Doctrine: The New Covenant versus the Old
Original: ἐπαγγελία
Category: Covenant and Mediation
New entry not previously in the Romans baseline; recurs heavily across Hebrews (4:1; 6:12-17; 7:6; 8:6; 9:15; 10:23,36; 11:9,13,17,33,39).
Oath
Approved rendering: juramento
Transliteration: horkos
Doctrine: The New Covenant versus the Old
Original: ὅρκος
Category: Covenant and Mediation
New entry. God’s sworn confirmation of his promise, the ground of unshakable hope (6:16-17; 7:20-21,28).
Inheritance
Approved rendering: herencia
Transliteration: klēronomia
Doctrine: Access to God through Christ’s Blood
Original: κληρονομία
Category: Covenant and Mediation
New entry. Secured by Christ’s covenant work, not earned by merit or ongoing sacramental cooperation (9:15; 11:8).
Harden The Heart
Approved rendering: endurecer
Transliteration: sklērynō
Doctrine: The Danger of Apostasy and Warning Passages
Original: σκληρύνω
Category: Apostasy and Warning
New entry. A real, culpable human response, not fatalistic hardness of temperament (3:8,13,15; 4:7).
Shrinking Back
Approved rendering: retroceder / encogerse
Transliteration: hypostolē
Doctrine: Perseverance and Assurance
Original: ὑποστολή
Category: Perseverance and Assurance
New entry. Contrasted with faith that preserves the soul (10:39).
Angel
Approved rendering: ángel / ángeles
Transliteration: angelos
Doctrine: The Superiority of Christ over Angels
Original: ἄγγελος
Category: God and Spirit
New entry. Two pastoral concerns: (1) popular Hispanic piety’s guardian-angel veneration can elevate angels to quasi-intercessory status Hebrews 1 explicitly subordinates to the Son; (2) Santería/Espiritismo spirit-intermediary categories can blur biblical angelology (ch. 1 throughout; 2:2,5,7,9,16; 13:2).
God Of Peace
Approved rendering: el Dios de paz
Transliteration: ho Theos tēs eirēnēs
Doctrine: The Resurrection and the Eternal Covenant
Original: ὁ Θεὸς τῆς εἰρήνης
Category: God and Spirit
New compound entry combining ‘Dios’ (Critical) and ‘paz’ (Medium); closing benediction title (13:20).
Leaders
Approved rendering: vuestros pastores / dirigentes
Transliteration: hēgoumenoi
Doctrine: Church as a Worshiping, Persevering Community
Original: ἡγούμενοι
Category: Church and Worship
New entry. Must be distinguished from ‘Pastor’ applied to Christ alone (13:20) to avoid conflating human pastoral leadership with Christ’s unique shepherding role (13:7,17,24).
Shepherd
Approved rendering: Pastor
Transliteration: poimēn
Doctrine: The Resurrection and the Eternal Covenant
Original: ποιμήν
Category: Church and Worship / Christology
New entry. ‘The great Shepherd of the sheep’ (13:20); capitalize when referring to Christ to visually distinguish from human ‘pastores.‘
Discipline
Approved rendering: disciplina
Transliteration: paideia
Doctrine: Divine Discipline and Sonship
Original: παιδεία
Category: Church and Worship / Perseverance
New entry. Loving, formative fatherly correction proving genuine sonship, not punitive rejection or a penitential-merit framework (12:5-11).
Unshakable Kingdom
Approved rendering: reino inconmovible
Transliteration: basileia asaleutos
Doctrine: Kingdom Mission
Original: βασιλεία ἀσάλευτος
Category: Church and Worship
New entry extending the baseline ‘kingdom_of_god.’ RV1960 precedent retained (12:28).
Melchizedek
Approved rendering: Melquisedec
Transliteration: Melchisedek
Doctrine: The Order of Melchizedek
Original: Μελχισέδεκ
Category: Old Testament Background and Typology
New entry. A proper name, but doctrinally load-bearing; requires an Old Testament background note (Genesis 14; Psalm 110:4) and must be taught as a real historical priest-king functioning as a genuine prophetic type (5:6,10; 6:20; 7:1-17).
Sinai And Zion
Approved rendering: Sinaí / Sion
Transliteration: Sina / Siōn
Doctrine: The New Covenant versus the Old
Original: Σινᾶ / Σιών
Category: Old Testament Background and Typology
New entry. Foundational proper-noun contrast: the old covenant’s terrifying, unapproachable mountain vs. the new covenant’s welcoming heavenly assembly (12:18-24).
Heavenly Jerusalem
Approved rendering: la Jerusalén celestial
Transliteration: Ierousalēm epouranios
Doctrine: Faith of the Old Testament Saints
Original: Ἱερουσαλὴμ ἐπουράνιος
Category: Old Testament Background and Typology
New entry. Ties to the ‘lasting city’ theme of chapters 11 and 13 (12:22).
Low Risk Terms
Thanksgiving
Approved rendering: acción de gracias
Transliteration: eucharistia
Doctrine: Thanksgiving
Original: εὐχαριστία (cognate concept; cf. 13:15’s thankful praise)
Category: Church and Worship
Inherited from Romans package exactly. Hebrews 13:15’s ‘sacrifice of praise… the fruit of lips’ expresses this concept without using the exact noun.
Fellowship
Approved rendering: compañerismo
Transliteration: koinōnia
Doctrine: Christian Fellowship
Rejected alternatives: comunión de los santos (specific Catholic liturgical formula)
Original: κοινωνία
Category: Church and Worship
Inherited from Romans package exactly. Hebrews 13:16, ‘doing good and sharing (κοινωνία),’ described as sacrifices pleasing to God.
David
Approved rendering: David
Transliteration: Dawid
Doctrine: Faith of the Old Testament Saints
Inherited from Romans package exactly. Hebrews 11:32, listed among the faith catalogue’s heroes.
Prophet
Approved rendering: profeta
Transliteration: prophētēs
Doctrine: Inspiration of Scripture
Rejected alternatives: vidente, adivino
Inherited from Romans package exactly. Hebrews 1:1, ‘God spoke to our fathers by the prophets,’ opens the book’s argument for the Son’s superior, final revelation.
Prophecy
Approved rendering: profecía
Transliteration: prophēteia
Doctrine: Fulfillment of Prophecy
Rejected alternatives: horóscopo, predicción esotérica
Inherited from Romans package exactly. Background term supporting Hebrews’ extensive Old Testament citation and fulfillment argument throughout the book.
Exhort
Approved rendering: exhortar
Transliteration: parakaleō
Doctrine: Mutual Edification
Original: παρακαλέω
Category: Church and Worship
Inherited from Romans package exactly. Hebrews 3:13; 10:25; 13:22, ‘exhort one another daily’ — mutual perseverance ministry.
Heir
Approved rendering: heredero
Transliteration: klēronomos
Doctrine: Sonship of Christ
Original: κληρονόμος
Category: Covenant and Mediation
New entry. Standard, unambiguous term (1:2; 6:17; 11:7).
Stranger And Exile
Approved rendering: extranjeros y peregrinos
Transliteration: xenos kai parepidēmos
Doctrine: Faith of the Old Testament Saints
Original: ξένος καὶ παρεπίδημος
Category: Faith and Assurance
New entry. Self-description of the patriarchs living by promise rather than present possession (11:13).
Lasting City
Approved rendering: ciudad permanente
Transliteration: polis menousa
Doctrine: Faith of the Old Testament Saints
Original: πόλις μένουσα
Category: Faith and Assurance
New entry. Anticipates the heavenly Jerusalem/Zion theme of chapter 12 (11:14-16; 13:14).
Cloud Of Witnesses
Approved rendering: una gran nube de testigos
Transliteration: nephos martyrōn
Doctrine: Perseverance and Assurance
Original: νέφος μαρτύρων
Category: Faith and Assurance / Perseverance
New entry. Witnesses attest to faith’s reality (ch. 11 catalogue), not spectators watching present believers — a common popular-devotional misreading worth a brief clarifying note (12:1).
Living God
Approved rendering: Dios vivo
Transliteration: Theos zōn
Doctrine: Access to God through Christ’s Blood
Original: Θεὸς ζῶν
Category: God and Spirit
New entry. Recurrent Hebrews formula contrasting the true, active God with lifeless idols or empty ritual (3:12; 9:14; 10:31; 12:22).
Hospitality
Approved rendering: hospitalidad / amor fraternal
Transliteration: philoxenia / philadelphia
Doctrine: Church as a Worshiping, Persevering Community
Original: φιλοξενία / φιλαδελφία
Category: Church and Worship
New entry. Standard vocabulary; part of the closing ethical exhortations (13:1-2).
Referenced passages