Core Glossary

Core Glossary: Matthew 1–28 (English → Korean)

This glossary compiles every load-bearing theological term identified in 07_semantic_analysis.md, spanning the whole book of Matthew. Terms already recorded in the baseline Romans translation_memory.json are marked [BASELINE REUSE] and must be rendered exactly as there recorded; no alternative is permitted. Newly identified Matthew-specific terms are marked [NEW] and are proposed for addition to an updated translation memory in a later pipeline step, with risk tiers assigned using the same Critical/High/Medium/Low framework as doctrine_risk_registry.json.

Risk tiers follow the baseline definitions: Critical = human theologian review every occurrence; High = human theologian review; Medium = native speaker review recommended; Low = automated review sufficient.

Category: Christology (Jesus as Messiah, Son of David, Son of God)

#	English Term	Korean Rendering	Transliteration	Status	Risk	Key Passages	Risk Rationale
1	Jesus	예수	Yesu	[BASELINE REUSE]	Critical	Throughout	Standard KRV form; no deviation permitted.
2	Christ / Messiah	그리스도	Geuriseudo	[BASELINE REUSE]	Medium	1:1, 16:16, 22:42	Per baseline; Korea’s high Christian literacy lowers but does not eliminate risk of conflation with 미륵 (Maitreya).
3	Son of God	하나님의 아들	Hananim-ui adeul	[BASELINE REUSE]	Critical	3:17, 14:33, 16:16, 27:43, 27:54, 28:19	Eternal, unique, co-equal Sonship; never metaphorical/adoptive when applied to Christ himself; must be distinguished from the derivative sense applied to believers (5:9, 45).
4	Son of David	다윗의 자손	Dawit-ui jason	[NEW]	High	1:1, 9:27, 12:23, 15:22, 20:30-31, 21:9,15, 22:42	Matthew’s recurring messianic title; distinct from the Romans-package `seed_of_david` (다윗의 혈통), which describes fleshly descent rather than functioning as a repeated messianic acclamation.
5	Son of Man	인자	inja	[NEW]	High	8:20; 30+ occurrences throughout	Matthew’s characteristic Christological self-title (Daniel 7 background, exaltation + suffering). Korean-specific homophone risk: identical Hangul to 仁者 (“benevolent person,” a Confucian virtue-term) without hanja disambiguation; must be taught explicitly as a title, not a generic virtue description.
6	Emmanuel	임마누엘 (하나님이 우리와 함께 계시다)	Immanuel	[NEW]	High	1:23	States the meaning of the incarnation in a name; must retain the specific incarnational claim, not soften to generic divine presence.
7	Incarnation	성육신	seongyuksin	[BASELINE REUSE]	High	1:18-23	NEVER 화신 (Buddhist avatar/repeatable manifestation); permanent, unique assumption of human nature.
8	Virgin (conception)	처녀	cheonyeo	[NEW]	High	1:23	Must be taught as a unique, Spirit-wrought miracle, not a symbolic/legendary birth-narrative motif.
9	Transfiguration (transfigured)	변형되다 / 변화하사	byeonhyeongdoeda	[NEW]	Critical	17:1-8	NEVER 변신 (shape-shifting, associated with 도깨비/folk transformation motifs) and NEVER 화신 (see incarnation); a one-time revelatory unveiling of pre-existing divine glory.
10	Lord	주님	junim	[BASELINE REUSE]	Critical	8:25, 14:30, 22:41-45, throughout	Established honorific form; exclusive supreme Lordship.
11	Deity of Christ (implicit claims: forgiving sins, worship received, authority over nature)	(context-dependent; see 권세, 하나님의 아들)	—	[BASELINE REUSE pattern]	Critical	9:6, 14:33, 28:9,17	Same doctrinal weight as Romans’ `deity_of_christ`; must not be softened toward “an especially powerful spirit.”

Category: The Kingdom of Heaven

#	English Term	Korean Rendering	Transliteration	Status	Risk	Key Passages	Risk Rationale
12	Kingdom of Heaven	천국	cheonguk	[NEW — distinct KRV convention from baseline’s `kingdom_of_god`]	High	3:2; 5:3,10,19-20; 13; 18-19; 23; 25 (32 occurrences)	Everyday Korean usage risks narrowing 천국 to “the afterlife place good people go” (paralleling Buddhist 극락). Must be taught as God’s present-and-coming reign, inaugurated in Jesus’ ministry, not primarily a postmortem destination. Stylistically equivalent to 하나님의 나라 (see below) — teaching must state this equivalence explicitly.
13	Kingdom of God	하나님의 나라	Hananim-ui nara	[BASELINE REUSE]	Low (per baseline) / High in Matthew-specific application	6:33, 12:28, 19:24, 21:31,43	Same referent as 천국 in Matthew (stylistic variation, likely reverential avoidance of the divine name); must not be taught as a second, different kingdom.
14	Mysteries of the Kingdom	천국의 비밀	cheonguk-ui bimil	[NEW]	High	13:11	Risk of suggesting esoteric/occult secret-society knowledge (echoing shamanistic ritual secrecy or new-religious-movement “hidden truth” claims); must be taught as graciously revealed truth, not initiate-only gnosis.
15	Shutting the Kingdom (against people)	천국 문을 닫다 / (사람들 앞에서) 천국을 닫다	—	[NEW, contextual use of #12]	High	23:13	Warns that false religious leadership can obstruct others’ access to a real, accessible kingdom.
16	Keys of the Kingdom	천국 열쇠	cheonguk yeolsoe	[NEW]	High	16:19	Delegated governing/declarative authority; risk of conflation with shamanistic ritual “binding/loosing” of spirits (see #22 below); must be tied to church governance, not magical-ritual efficacy.

Category: Fulfillment of Old Testament Prophecy

#	English Term	Korean Rendering	Transliteration	Status	Risk	Key Passages	Risk Rationale
17	Fulfillment formula (“that it might be fulfilled”)	이루려 하심이라 / 이루어지려 함이라	—	[NEW]	High	1:22; 2:15,17,23; 4:14; 8:17; 12:17; 13:35; 21:4; 27:9	Real, historical, one-time fulfillment of specific OT texts; must not read as generic pattern-matching or fortune-telling-style prediction (cf. baseline caution against 점/사주팔자 예측).
18	Prophet / Prophecy	선지자 / 예언	seonjija / yeeon	[BASELINE REUSE]	Medium	Throughout	Distinguish from 점쟁이/무당 (fortune-tellers/shamans); per baseline `prophet`/`prophecy` entries.
19	Sign of Jonah	요나의 표적	Yona-ui pyeojeok	[NEW]	Medium	12:39-41	Typological sign requiring OT background; connects to resurrection doctrine.
20	Abomination of Desolation	멸망의 가증한 것	myeolmang-ui gajeunghan geot	[NEW]	Medium	24:15	Danielic background required; ties prophecy fulfillment to eschatology.

Category: Authority of Jesus’ Teaching

#	English Term	Korean Rendering	Transliteration	Status	Risk	Key Passages	Risk Rationale
21	Authority (exousia)	권세	gwonse	[NEW]	High	7:29; 9:6; 21:23; 28:18	Distinct from 능력 [BASELINE REUSE, `power_of_god`]; denotes rightful dominion/legitimate authority-to-command, not raw capability. Central to the doctrine “The Authority of Jesus’ Teaching.”
22	Binding and Loosing	매다 / 풀다	maeda / pulda	[NEW]	High	16:19; 18:18	Strong risk of collision with Korean shamanistic ritual “binding/loosing” of curses and spirits performed by a mudang; must be taught as delegated ecclesial governing/declarative authority, not ritual-magical efficacy.
23	Tradition of the Elders	장로들의 유전	jangno-deul-ui yujeon	[NEW]	High	15:1-9	Collides with Confucian transmitted-tradition concepts (cf. jesa); Jesus’ own contrast (human tradition vs. God’s actual command) should be taught explicitly, including its bearing on filial-piety expectations.
24	Antitheses (“You have heard… but I say”)	너희가 들었으나 나는 너희에게 이르노니	—	[NEW]	High	5:21,27,31,33,38,43	Direct claim to authority co-equal with or exceeding Torah; must retain full rhetorical/theological force.

Category: Righteousness Exceeding the Pharisees

#	English Term	Korean Rendering	Transliteration	Status	Risk	Key Passages	Risk Rationale
25	Righteousness	의	ui	[BASELINE REUSE]	Critical (elevated from baseline’s High within Matthew, given 5:20’s programmatic role)	5:6, 5:10, 5:20, 6:1,33	Per baseline: must not collapse into 의리 (loyalty-ethics) or performance-based rule-keeping (Pharisaic pattern); Matthew adds the specific “exceeding the Pharisees” comparative dimension.
26	Fulfill (the Law)	완전하게 하다	wanjeonhage hada	[NEW]	High	5:17	Must avoid both abolish-and-replace and mere-continuation readings; Jesus brings the Law to its intended completion.
27	Hypocrites	외식하는 자	oesikhaneun ja	[NEW]	High	6:1-18; 15:7; 23 (repeated)	Connects to baseline’s 체면 (face) caution under `sin`; must move past social-face concerns to inward heart-hypocrisy before God.
28	What Defiles (the heart, not ritual)	더럽게 하다	deoreopge hada	[NEW]	High	15:11-20	Parallel to baseline `holy` entry’s shamanistic ritual-impurity caution (부정을 씻음); defilement is moral/heart-based.
29	Pure in Heart	마음이 청결한 자	maeum-i cheonggyeolhan ja	[NEW]	High	5:8	Distinguish from ritual cleansing rites; inward moral singleness before God.
30	Perfect (teleios)	온전하다	onjeonhada	[NEW]	High	5:48	Wholehearted devotion modeled on God’s character, not flawless self-achieved merit.
31	Greatest Commandment (love God/neighbor)	사랑하다	saranghada	[NEW]	High	22:37-40	Korean 사랑 is a single broad term (unlike Greek’s differentiated agape/eros/philia) and is heavily colored by romantic connotation in popular usage; must be explicitly taught as committed, self-giving love.

Category: The Church and Church Discipline

#	English Term	Korean Rendering	Transliteration	Status	Risk	Key Passages	Risk Rationale
32	Church	교회	gyohoe	[BASELINE REUSE]	Medium	16:18; 18:17	NEVER 당집 or 절, per baseline `church` entry. First occurrence (16:18) is foundational for this curriculum’s ecclesiology doctrine.
33	Church Discipline procedure	교회에 말하라 (마 18:15-17 절차)	—	[NEW]	High	18:15-17	Restorative, graduated, communal process aimed at repentance; must not become public 체면 (face)-shaming nor resemble shamanistic ritual exclusion.
34	Little Ones	소자	soja	[NEW]	Medium	18:6,10,14	Vulnerable believers generally, not only literal children.
35	Stumbling Block	실족하게 하다	siljokhage hada	[NEW]	Medium	18:6-9	Retain gravity as a cause of spiritual ruin, not mere inconvenience.
36	Forgiveness (interpersonal)	용서	yongseo	[NEW]	High	18:21-35	Distinguish from divine forgiveness-of-sin (죄 사함, see #55); held in tension with, not replacing, the discipline procedure of the same chapter.
37	Rock (church’s foundation, wordplay)	반석	banseok	[NEW]	Medium	16:18	Petros/petra wordplay not recoverable in Korean (베드로/반석 unrelated); a translation-craft note, supply the wordplay explicitly in teaching material.
38	Great Commission (make disciples of all nations)	모든 민족을 제자로 삼으라	—	[NEW]	High	28:19	민족 (“nation/ethnic people”) shares its root with Korea’s 단일민족 ethnic-nationalist self-concept (cf. baseline `gentiles`); here the emphasis must run maximally inclusive — no ethnic boundary limits the Commission’s scope.
39	Baptism (Trinitarian formula)	세례 (아버지와 아들과 성령의 이름으로)	seryeo	[BASELINE REUSE components]	Critical	28:19	Combines 아버지/성령 [BASELINE REUSE] with explicit Trinitarian unity (“name,” singular); full baseline guidance on both terms applies simultaneously.
40	Mission / Sending	선교	seongyo	[BASELINE REUSE]	Medium	10:1-42; 28:18-20	Per baseline: caution against Korea’s success/metrics-driven missions culture; emphasize gospel motivation.
41	Fishers of Men	사람을 낚는 어부	saram-eul nakkneun eobu	[NEW]	Low	4:19	Vivid vocational metaphor for gospel-gathering mission; low doctrinal risk.
42	Harvest / Laborers	추수 / 일꾼	chusu / ilkkun	[NEW]	Medium	9:37-38	Connects to Korea’s missionary-sending culture; keep gospel-motivated, not numbers-driven.

Category: Judgment and the End of the Age

#	English Term	Korean Rendering	Transliteration	Status	Risk	Key Passages	Risk Rationale
43	End of the Age	세상 끝 / 세대의 끝	sesang kkeut	[NEW]	High	24:3; 28:20	Korean 세상 conflates Greek αἰών (age/epoch) and κόσμος (world/cosmos); clarify this names the present age’s culmination, not creation’s annihilation.
44	Great Tribulation	큰 환난	keun hwannan	[NEW]	Medium	24:21	Established eschatological term; distinguish from generic personal-hardship counseling language.
45	Parousia (Coming of the Son of Man)	재림	jaerim	[NEW]	High	24:27,37,39	Well-established term but must be explicitly distinguished from Korean new-religious-movement claims of a present, living “second coming” figure — a pattern Matt 24:23-26 itself explicitly warns against.
46	Elect / Election (eschatological gathering)	택하신 자	taekhasin ja	[BASELINE REUSE root, `election`]	High	24:22,24,31	Effectual, sovereign choice; distinguish from the invitational sense in #47 below.
47	”Many are called, few chosen” (invitation vs. election distinction)	청함을 받은 자는 많되 택함을 입은 자는 적으니라	—	[NEW — requires explicit distinction from BASELINE `called`/`calling`]	High	22:14; 20:16	Uses 청하다 (“invite”) rather than 부르심 (Romans’ effectual-call term); teaching MUST clarify this is the broad gospel invitation, not Romans’ technical effectual calling doctrine, to prevent doctrinal confusion between general invitation and effectual call.
48	Ten Virgins (wise/foolish, watchfulness)	지혜로운 자 / 미리석은 자	jihyeroun ja / miriseogeun ja	[NEW]	Medium	25:1-13	Eschatological watchfulness readiness parable.
49	Talents (stewardship parable)	달란트	dallanteu	[NEW]	High	25:14-30	Modern Korean church usage (“달란트 시장”) popularly equates this with innate personal talent/skill; recover the parable’s actual stewardship-and-accountability meaning.
50	Sheep and Goats / Least of These	양과 염소 / 지극히 작은 자	—	[NEW]	Critical	25:31-46	Must be taught as evidence of genuine faith, not the basis of justification by works; hold alongside baseline `justification`/`grace` guidance to prevent a works-salvation misreading.
51	Eternal Punishment	영벌	yeongbeol	[NEW]	Critical	25:46	Grammatically parallel to eternal life in the same verse; must not be softened or reframed as temporary.
52	Eternal Life	영생	yeongsaeng	[NEW]	High	19:16,29; 25:46	NEVER associate with 윤회 (rebirth cycle, already forbidden under baseline `resurrection`); unending personal communion with God, not indefinite impersonal existence.
53	Hell / Gehenna	지옥	jiok	[NEW]	Critical	5:22,29-30; 10:28; 18:9; 23:15,33	지옥 (地獄) is itself a Buddhist-origin loanword denoting one of the six samsaric rebirth realms — a temporary punishment within an ongoing karmic cycle. Christian usage must be explicitly distinguished: final, eternal, personal judgment for rejecting Christ, not a temporary station within a rebirth cycle from which one is eventually reborn out. This is a direct doctrinal collision requiring explicit clarification every time the term is taught.

Category: Discipleship and the Cost of Following Jesus

#	English Term	Korean Rendering	Transliteration	Status	Risk	Key Passages	Risk Rationale
54	Disciple(s)	제자	jeja	[NEW]	Medium	Throughout	Distinguish from Confucian master-disciple technique-transmission and secular martial/artistic apprenticeship; personal, faith-based following of a living Lord.
55	Take up one’s Cross	자기 십자가를 지다	jagi sipjaga-reul jida	[NEW]	High	10:38; 16:24	Established Korean Christian vocabulary (comparatively lower day-to-day collision risk per baseline’s `resurrection` precedent), but must not be diluted into the secular idiom “life’s burden” (인생의 십자가) detached from actual costly allegiance to Christ.
56	Deny Oneself	자기를 부인하다	jagi-reul buinhada	[NEW]	High	16:24	Paired with #55; self-denial for Christ’s sake, not general asceticism.
57	Losing Life to Find It	자기 목숨을 잃으면 얻으리라	—	[NEW]	High	10:39; 16:25	Retain the paradox; not a generic call to vague selflessness.
58	Not Peace but a Sword	검 (검을 주러 왔다)	geom	[NEW]	Medium	10:34	Figurative relational division caused by allegiance to Christ; must not be read as literal violence endorsement.
59	Yoke (Jesus’ easy yoke)	멍에	mung-e	[NEW]	High	11:29-30	Contemporary Korean 멍에 carries strong oppressive-burden connotation (e.g., colonial-era idiom); must clarify Jesus offers a fundamentally different, gracious relationship, not merely a lighter version of an oppressive system.
60	Little Faith	믿음이 작은 자	mideum-i jageun ja	[NEW]	Medium	6:30; 8:26; 14:31; 16:8	Genuine but immature faith, distinct from unbelief; avoid both despair and complacency in teaching.
61	Great Faith	큰 믿음	keun mideum	[NEW, uses BASELINE 믿음]	High	8:10; 15:28	Applied notably to Gentiles, foreshadowing the gospel’s universal reach.
62	Reward (in heaven)	상	sang	[NEW]	High	5:12; 6:1-6	Risk of collision with Korea’s achievement/merit culture (cf. baseline `glory`’s 출세 note) and with the Critical `grace`/기복신앙 transactional pattern; teach as the Father’s gracious response to faithful endurance, not earned merit-wages.

Category: Salvation, Grace, and Atonement (Matthew-Specific Reinforcement)

#	English Term	Korean Rendering	Transliteration	Status	Risk	Key Passages	Risk Rationale
63	Grace	은혜	eunhye	[BASELINE REUSE]	Critical	20:1-16 (laborers in the vineyard, implicit)	Per baseline; the vineyard parable is an ideal teaching passage for the 기복신앙 contrast, since it depicts deliberately non-proportional generosity.
64	Ransom	대속물	daesokmul	[NEW]	Critical	20:28	Matthew’s key atonement term; substitutionary payment securing release from sin’s bondage — must not be confused with shamanistic appeasement offerings (제물) lacking the substitutionary/legal-release logic.
65	Lord’s Supper (institution)	성찬 (이것은 내 몸이니라 / 언약의 피)	seongchan	[NEW, uses BASELINE 언약]	Critical	26:26-28	Retain covenantal, sacrificial, once-for-all logic; must not drift toward ancestral food-offering (제사상) framing.
66	Authority to Forgive Sins	죄를 사하는 권세	—	[NEW, uses BASELINE 죄]	Critical	9:1-8	Implicit but unmistakable claim to divine prerogative; foundational to both authority and deity-of-Christ doctrines.
67	Repent	회개하다	hoegaehada	[NEW]	High	3:2; 4:17	Distinguish from Confucian self-cultivation (반성/수신); Spirit-enabled turning toward God, not self-directed moral improvement.
68	Baptism (John’s, of repentance)	세례	seryeo	[NEW, distinct occasion from #39]	Medium	3:1-17	Distinguish from ritual water-purification practices per baseline `holy` guidance.
69	Blasphemy against the Holy Spirit	성령을 모독하는 죄	—	[BASELINE REUSE, 성령]	Critical	12:31-32	Full baseline `holy_spirit` guidance applies; pastorally distinguish this settled, willful rejection from ordinary doubt.
70	Devil / Satan	마귀 / 사탄	magwi / satan	[NEW]	High	4:1-11; 13:39; 25:41	Must not be equated with morally ambiguous Korean folk-spirit categories (도깨비, 잡귀); a singular, real, cosmic personal adversary.
71	Faith	믿음	mideum	[BASELINE REUSE]	High	Throughout (esp. 8:10; 9:22; 15:28; 17:20; 21:21)	Per baseline; note Matthew’s added “little faith” (#60) and “great faith” (#61) categories as distinctive nuance.
72	Sin	죄	joe	[BASELINE REUSE]	High	Throughout	Per baseline; connects to 죄 사함 (forgiveness of sins, #55 Lord’s Prayer entry) distinguished from interpersonal 용서 (#36).

Cross-Reference Note: Terms Requiring Explicit Baseline-vs-Matthew Distinction

The following terms use vocabulary shared with the baseline Romans package but carry a distinct sense or nuance in Matthew that teaching material must make explicit to avoid doctrinal confusion:

Shared Root	Romans (baseline) sense	Matthew sense	Distinction required
부르심 / 청함 (calling/inviting)	Effectual, sovereign, unbreakable call to salvation (Rom 8:28-30)	Broad, general gospel invitation, not all of whom respond (Matt 22:14, using 청함 rather than 부르심)	Teach as two related but distinct senses; Matthew’s parable does not undo Romans’ effectual-call doctrine.
다윗의 혈통 (seed of David) vs. 다윗의 자손 (Son of David)	Fleshly descent statement (Rom 1:3)	Recurring messianic acclamation-title (Matt 1:1; 21:9, etc.)	Keep both renderings distinct; do not use interchangeably.
능력 (power) vs. 권세 (authority)	능력 = God’s power for salvation (Rom 1:16), contrasted with shamanistic 영력	권세 = Jesus’ legitimate right/authority to teach, forgive, command, commission (Matt 7:29; 9:6; 28:18)	Two distinct Greek words (δύναμις/ἐξουσία) merit two distinct Korean terms; do not collapse into one.
하나님의 나라 (kingdom of God)	Established, low-risk baseline term (Romans)	Same referent as Matthew’s more frequent 천국 (kingdom of heaven), used occasionally by Matthew himself (6:33; 12:28; 19:24; 21:31,43)	Teach explicitly as the same reality under two Korean labels, to prevent a “two kingdoms” misreading.

This glossary must be merged into an updated translation_memory.json prior to Phase 2 segment translation. All [NEW] entries require risk-tier confirmation and, for Critical/High entries, human theologian review before being finalized as enforced translation memory, per the escalation rules in 12_ai_translation_requirements.md.

Critical Risk Terms

Grace

Approved rendering: 은혜
Transliteration: eunhye
Doctrine: Grace
Rejected alternatives: 복, 은덕, 기복신앙식 은혜
Original: χάρις
Category: Salvation

Inherited from Romans package. CRITICAL: the central Korean risk term. NEVER use 복 alone or 은덕. Grace must always be unearned, unconditional favor, never a reciprocal exchange for ritual/offering. Matthew extension: the laborers-in-the-vineyard parable (20:1-16) is an ideal teaching passage for this contrast, since the landowner deliberately defies proportional-wage expectations.

Justification

Approved rendering: 의롭다 하심
Transliteration: uiropda hasim
Doctrine: Salvation
Rejected alternatives: 도를 닦아 얻은 의

Inherited from Romans package. A forensic declaration, not a process. NEVER 도를 닦아 얻은 의. Matthew extension: must be held alongside the Sheep and Goats judgment scene (25:31-46) to prevent a works-salvation misreading of that passage.

Salvation

Approved rendering: 구원
Transliteration: guwon
Doctrine: Salvation
Rejected alternatives: 해탈, 윤회에서 벗어남

Inherited from Romans package. NEVER 해탈 or 윤회에서 벗어남. Deliverance from sin’s guilt through Christ, received by faith, reconciliation with a personal God.

Power Of God

Approved rendering: 능력
Transliteration: neungnyeok
Doctrine: Power of God for Salvation
Rejected alternatives: 영력, 굿의 힘
Original: δύναμις
Category: God

Inherited from Romans package. NEVER 영력. Matthew extension: must be kept sharply distinct from 권세 (exousia, ‘authority,’ new entry below) — 능력 is raw capability (19:26, ‘with God all things are possible’; 17:20’s mustard-seed faith efficacy, which must be attributed to God, not to faith as a self-generated occult force), while 권세 is legitimate right-to-command. Do not collapse the two.

Jesus

Approved rendering: 예수
Transliteration: Yesu
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Original: Ἰησοῦς
Category: Christology

Inherited from Romans package. Standard KRV transliteration.

God

Approved rendering: 하나님
Transliteration: Hananim
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Rejected alternatives: 하느님, 천주, 산신령
Original: θεός
Category: God

Inherited from Romans package. NEVER 하느님, 천주, or 산신령. Applies throughout Matthew’s narrative and discourse material, including the Lord’s Prayer’s address (6:9).

Holy Spirit

Approved rendering: 성령
Transliteration: seongnyeong
Doctrine: Sanctification
Rejected alternatives: 신령, 귀신, 무당이 부르는 영
Original: πνεῦμα ἅγιον
Category: God

Inherited from Romans package. NEVER 신령 or 신 alone. Matthew extension: governs the virgin conception (1:18-20), Jesus’ baptism (3:16), the unforgivable-sin warning (12:31-32), and the Trinitarian baptismal formula (28:19) — full baseline guidance applies at every occurrence.

Father

Approved rendering: 아버지
Transliteration: abeoji
Doctrine: Adoption into God’s Family
Rejected alternatives: 제사를 받는 조상
Original: πατήρ
Category: God

Inherited from Romans package. Full jesa/ancestor-rite martyrdom-history caution applies. Matthew extension: central to the Lord’s Prayer (6:9) and Gethsemane (‘not my will but yours,’ 26:39,42), where Jesus’ own filial submission models the relational trust disciples are called to imitate, not the instrumental, obligation-driven jesa pattern.

Imputed Righteousness

Approved rendering: 의로 여기심
Transliteration: uiro yeogisim
Doctrine: Justification by Faith
Rejected alternatives: 의리로 얻은 의, 도를 닦아 얻은 의

Inherited from Romans package. Must retain the forensic ‘reckoned/counted’ sense. Matthew extension: essential background for correctly teaching the Sheep and Goats scene (25:31-46) as evidence, not basis, of righteousness.

Transfiguration

Approved rendering: 변형되다
Transliteration: byeonhyeongdoeda
Doctrine: Transfiguration of Christ
Rejected alternatives: 변신, 화신
Original: μετεμορφώθη
Category: Christology

Matt 17:1-8. NEVER 변신 (shape-shifting, strongly associated with Korean folk goblin/spirit transformation motifs, e.g. 도깨비) and NEVER 화신 (Buddhist avatar-manifestation, already forbidden under baseline incarnation). This is a one-time revelatory unveiling of glory Christ already possesses, not a shape-shift or repeatable manifestation-form.

Baptism Trinitarian

Approved rendering: 아버지와 아들과 성령의 이름으로
Transliteration: abeoji-wa adeul-gwa seongnyeong-ui ireumeuro
Doctrine: The Great Commission
Original: βαπτίζοντες αὐτοὺς εἰς τὸ ὄνομα τοῦ Πατρὸς καὶ τοῦ Υἱοῦ καὶ τοῦ Ἁγίου Πνεύματος
Category: Church

Matt 28:19. The fullest explicit Trinitarian statement in Matthew; singular ‘name’ (이름), not ‘names,’ must be preserved to underscore the unity of the three Persons. Full baseline guidance on 아버지 and 성령 applies simultaneously.

Sheep And Goats

Approved rendering: 양과 염소
Transliteration: yang-gwa yeomso
Doctrine: Final Judgment: Evidence vs. Basis of Salvation
Original: τὰ πρόβατα / τὰ ἐρίφια
Category: Eschatology

Matt 25:31-46. Must be taught as evidence of genuine faith and kingdom citizenship (consistent with the Sermon’s fruit-tree logic, 7:16-20), not as the basis of justification by works — this distinction must be explicit to prevent this passage being misread as teaching salvation by charitable works, directly contradicting the baseline’s Critical grace/justification guidance.

Eternal Punishment

Approved rendering: 영벌
Transliteration: yeongbeol
Doctrine: Eternal Punishment and Eternal Life
Original: κόλασις αἰώνιος
Category: Eschatology

Matt 25:46. Grammatically parallel to eternal life in the same verse; must not be softened, allegorized away, or reframed as temporary/purgatorial — the verse’s identical grammatical form for both forecloses that reading.

Hell Gehenna

Approved rendering: 지옥
Transliteration: jiok
Doctrine: Hell (Gehenna) as Final Judgment
Original: γέεννα
Category: Eschatology

Matt 5:22,29-30; 10:28; 18:9; 23:15,33. 지옥 (地獄) is itself a Buddhist-origin loanword denoting one of the six samsaric rebirth realms — a temporary punishment within an ongoing karmic cycle from which one is eventually reborn out. Christian usage must be explicitly distinguished EVERY occurrence: final, eternal, personal judgment for rejecting Christ, not a temporary rebirth station. No alternative Korean term exists that avoids this collision; retain 지옥 (the only established, intelligible option) and fence it with mandatory teaching notes rather than attempt a fresh coinage.

Ransom

Approved rendering: 대속물
Transliteration: daesokmul
Doctrine: Atonement as Ransom
Original: λύτρον
Category: Salvation

Matt 20:28 (λύτρον). Requires the same escalation weight as the baseline Romans propitiation rule (Rom 3:25). Must convey substitutionary, costly payment securing release from sin’s bondage — not a vague ‘sacrifice,’ and not confused with Korean shamanistic ritual offerings (제물) made to appease spirits for good fortune, which lack the substitutionary/legal-release logic central to this term.

Lords Supper

Approved rendering: 성찬
Transliteration: seongchan
Doctrine: The Lord’s Supper and the New Covenant
Original: τοῦτό ἐστιν τὸ σῶμά μου…τὸ αἷμά μου τῆς διαθήκης
Category: Salvation

Matt 26:26-28. Must retain covenantal, sacrificial, once-for-all logic connecting to the ransom term above, and must not drift toward a framing resembling Korean ancestral food-offering ritual (제사상) — this is Christ’s own once-for-all sacrifice, received by the church in remembrance, not a repeated offering to a venerated figure.

Authority To Forgive Sins

Approved rendering: 죄를 사하는 권세
Transliteration: joereul sahaneun gwonse
Doctrine: Jesus’ Divine Authority to Forgive Sins
Original: ἐξουσίαν…ἀφιέναι ἁμαρτίας
Category: Christology

Matt 9:1-8. An implicit but unmistakable claim to a divine prerogative reserved to God alone in Jewish thought; foundational to both the Authority-of-Jesus and Deity-of-Christ doctrines. Must not be softened to a merely pastoral or symbolic declaration.

Blasphemy Against The Holy Spirit

Approved rendering: 성령을 모독하는 죄
Transliteration: seongnyeong-eul modokhaneun joe
Doctrine: Blasphemy Against the Holy Spirit
Original: βλασφημία…κατὰ τοῦ Πνεύματος
Category: God

Matt 12:31-32. Full baseline holy_spirit guidance applies (NEVER 신령/신 alone; never shamanistic spirit-possession framing). Requires pastorally precise teaching distinguishing this specific, willful, settled rejection from ordinary doubt or spiritual struggle, which this passage does not describe.

Crucified

Approved rendering: 십자가에 못 박다
Transliteration: sipjaga-e mot bakda
Doctrine: Atonement as Ransom
Original: ἐσταύρωσαν
Category: Salvation

Matt 27:35. Well-established Korean Christian vocabulary; must retain full weight as a real, historical, substitutionary death, not a merely symbolic or mythic suffering-narrative.

Deity Of Christ

Approved rendering: 그리스도의 신성 (context-dependent rendering via 권세, 하나님의 아들, 경배하다)
Transliteration: Geuriseudo-ui sinseong
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Original: (implicit: forgiving sins, receiving worship, commanding nature)
Category: Christology

Matt 9:6; 14:33; 28:9,17; 8:26-32. Implicit doctrinal claim rendered contextually through 권세, 하나님의 아들, and 경배하다 rather than a single fixed lexical item. Must never be softened toward ‘an especially powerful spirit,’ a framing that would assimilate Christ’s deity to Korean shamanistic spirit-hierarchies.

High Risk Terms

Faith

Approved rendering: 믿음
Transliteration: mideum
Doctrine: Faith
Rejected alternatives: 미신적 믿음, 사주팔자를 믿는 것
Original: πίστις
Category: Faith

Inherited from Romans package. Personal trust placed in Christ specifically, distinguished from 미신 (superstition) and 사주팔자 (birth-chart astrology). Matthew extension: introduces the distinctive categories 믿음이 작은 자 (‘little faith’) and 큰 믿음 (‘great faith’), see new entries below.

Righteousness

Approved rendering: 의
Transliteration: ui
Doctrine: Salvation
Rejected alternatives: 의리, 도덕
Original: δικαιοσύνη
Category: Salvation

Inherited from Romans package. Must be distinguished from 의리 (uiri, loyalty-ethics/honor-code faithfulness). Matthew extension: Matthew 5:20’s programmatic ‘righteousness exceeding the Pharisees’ elevates this term’s applied risk to Critical within this curriculum specifically (see doctrine_risk_registry.json, righteousness_exceeding_pharisees); the 의/의리 distinguishing note must be supplied at every occurrence in a righteousness-exceeding-Pharisees context (5:6,8,10,17,20,48; 6:1-18; 15:11-20; 23:1-36), not only in justification contexts as the baseline requires for Romans.

Called

Approved rendering: 부르심을 받은
Transliteration: bureusim-eul badeun
Doctrine: Divine Calling
Rejected alternatives: 팔자에 정해진, 운명적으로

Inherited from Romans package. NEVER 팔자에 정해진. Matthew extension: Matt 22:14’s ‘many are called’ uses a DIFFERENT Korean verb (청하다, ‘invite’) rather than this effectual-call term; see general_invitation_vs_election below — the two senses must never be confused.

Calling

Approved rendering: 부르심
Transliteration: bureusim
Doctrine: Divine Calling
Rejected alternatives: 운명, 팔자

Inherited from Romans package. NEVER 운명 or 팔자.

Holy

Approved rendering: 거룩한
Transliteration: georokan
Doctrine: Sanctification
Rejected alternatives: 부정을 씻은, 정결한 (무속 의미)

Inherited from Romans package. Distinguish from shamanistic ritual purification (부정을 씻다). Matthew extension: directly relevant to ‘hallowed be your name’ (6:9), ‘pure in heart’ (5:8), and ‘what defiles’ (15:11-20), all of which relocate purity from ritual to moral/heart categories.

Saints

Approved rendering: 성도
Transliteration: seongdo
Doctrine: Sainthood
Rejected alternatives: 신선, 도인

Inherited from Romans package. NEVER 신선 or 도인.

Sanctification

Approved rendering: 성화
Transliteration: seonghwa
Doctrine: Sanctification
Rejected alternatives: 수행, 도 닦기

Inherited from Romans package. Distinguish from 수행/도 닦기.

Adoption

Approved rendering: 양자
Transliteration: yangja
Doctrine: Adoption into God’s Family
Rejected alternatives: 제사를 위한 양자

Inherited from Romans package. Traditional Korean adoption served jesa continuation, an instrumental purpose; biblical adoption is relational. Matthew extension: directly relevant to distinguishing believers’ derivative sonship (5:9, 5:45) from Christ’s unique eternal Sonship (see son_of_god below).

Son Of God

Approved rendering: 하나님의 아들
Transliteration: Hananim-ui adeul
Doctrine: Sonship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: 환웅식 하늘의 아들
Original: υἱὸς θεοῦ
Category: Christology

Inherited from Romans package. Avoid the Dangun/Hwanung founding-myth pattern. Matthew extension (CRITICAL emphasis): Matthew uses this identical Korean phrase for two theologically distinct categories — Christ’s unique, eternal, co-equal Sonship (3:17; 14:33; 16:16; 27:43,54; 28:19) and believers’ derivative, adoptive sonship (5:9, 5:45, ‘sons of God’/‘하나님의 아들이라 부름을 받을 것’). Teaching material must mark this distinction explicitly every time it recurs; see doctrine_risk_registry.json sonship_of_christ_vs_believers.

Incarnation

Approved rendering: 성육신
Transliteration: seongyuksin
Doctrine: Incarnation
Rejected alternatives: 화신, 환생
Original: ὁ λόγος σὰρξ ἐγένετο
Category: Christology

Inherited from Romans package. NEVER 화신 (Buddhist avatar/repeatable manifestation). Matthew extension: directly grounded in 1:18-23’s virgin conception and Emmanuel naming; also governs the doctrinal fencing required for the Transfiguration (17:1-8), which must never be described using 화신-adjacent language.

Spiritual Gifts

Approved rendering: 은사
Transliteration: eunsa
Doctrine: Spiritual Gifts
Rejected alternatives: 영력, 무당의 능력

Inherited from Romans package. NEVER 영력 or comparison to a mudang’s ritual abilities.

Law

Approved rendering: 율법
Transliteration: yulbeop
Doctrine: Fulfillment of Prophecy
Rejected alternatives: 예, 법률

Inherited from Romans package. NEVER equate with 예 (Confucian ritual-propriety code) or reduce to 법률. Matthew extension: central to 5:17-20’s ‘fulfill the Law’ claim and the six antitheses (5:21-48).

Sin

Approved rendering: 죄
Transliteration: joe
Doctrine: Universal Human Accountability
Rejected alternatives: 액운, 체면 손상
Original: ἁμαρτία
Category: Sin

Inherited from Romans package. Distinguish from 액운 (bad luck) and 체면 손상 (loss of face). Matthew extension: central to the Lord’s Prayer’s debt-forgiveness petition (6:12) and to Jesus’ authority to forgive sins (9:1-8).

Gentiles

Approved rendering: 이방인
Transliteration: ibangin
Doctrine: Unity of Jews and Gentiles
Rejected alternatives: 외국인 (단일민족 의미로)
Original: ἔθνη
Category: Church

Inherited from Romans package. Avoid the 단일민족 ethnic-nationalist framing. Matthew extension: distinct from but related to 민족 in the Great Commission’s ‘all nations’ (28:19, see new entry below) — 이방인 names non-Jews specifically, 민족 names peoples/ethnic groups generally.

Obedience Of Faith

Approved rendering: 믿음의 순종
Transliteration: mideum-ui sunjong
Doctrine: Obedience of Faith
Rejected alternatives: 효를 위한 순종, 삼종지도식 순종

Inherited from Romans package. Matthew extension: relevant to 28:20’s ‘teaching them to obey’ closing the Great Commission.

Providence

Approved rendering: 섭리
Transliteration: seomni
Doctrine: Providence
Rejected alternatives: 팔자, 운명

Inherited from Romans package. NEVER 팔자/운명.

Abba

Approved rendering: 아빠
Transliteration: appa
Doctrine: Adoption into God’s Family

Inherited from Romans package. Unusually natural-fitting near-cognate; not directly used in Matthew’s text but retained for cross-curriculum consistency with Romans 8:15.

Seed Of David

Approved rendering: 다윗의 혈통
Transliteration: Dawit-ui hyeoltong
Doctrine: Davidic Covenant
Original: σπέρμα Δαυίδ
Category: Covenant

Inherited from Romans package. Names fleshly descent (cf. Rom 1:3). Matthew extension: MUST NOT be used interchangeably with the new Matthew-specific term 다윗의 자손 (‘Son of David,’ see below), which is a recurring public messianic acclamation-title, not a mere descent statement.

Son Of David

Approved rendering: 다윗의 자손
Transliteration: Dawit-ui jason
Doctrine: Jesus as the Promised Messiah and Son of David
Rejected alternatives: 다윗의 혈통 (Romans package’s distinct fleshly-descent term)
Original: υἱὸς Δαυίδ
Category: Christology

Matthew’s recurring messianic acclamation title (1:1; 9:27; 12:23; 15:22; 20:30-31; 21:9,15; 22:42). Distinct from 다윗의 혈통 (baseline seed_of_david, a fleshly-descent statement rather than a repeated public acclamation); the two renderings must never be used interchangeably.

Son Of Man

Approved rendering: 인자
Transliteration: inja
Doctrine: Son of Man as Christological Title
Original: υἱὸς τοῦ ἀνθρώπου
Category: Christology

Matthew’s characteristic self-designation for Jesus (30+ occurrences, e.g. 8:20; 16:27-28; 24:27,30,37,39; 26:64), drawn from Daniel 7:13-14. CRITICAL Korean-specific homophone risk: 인자 (人子, this title) is phonetically identical in Hangul, without hanja, to 인자 (仁者, ‘a benevolent/humane person’), a common Confucian virtue-term. Every first introduction in teaching material must explicitly mark this as a specific title with a Danielic authority-and-suffering background, not a character description.

Emmanuel

Approved rendering: 임마누엘
Transliteration: Immanuel
Doctrine: Incarnation and Virgin Conception
Original: Ἐμμανουήλ
Category: Christology

Hebrew ‘God with us’ (Isa 7:14), applied to Jesus at Matt 1:23. Transliterate + mandatory gloss 하나님이 우리와 함께 계시다. Must retain the specific incarnational claim, not soften to a generic ‘God is with us in spirit’ sentiment.

Virgin Conception

Approved rendering: 처녀
Transliteration: cheonyeo
Doctrine: Incarnation and Virgin Conception
Original: παρθένος
Category: Christology

Matt 1:23. Must be taught as a unique, Spirit-wrought historical miracle, not a symbolic/legendary birth-narrative motif; Korea’s own founding-legend conception-omen stories (e.g. the Dangun cycle) provide a low-but-real folk-narrative backdrop this claim’s uniqueness must be set against.

Worship

Approved rendering: 경배하다
Transliteration: gyeongbaehada
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Rejected alternatives: 예배하다 (context-dependent, acceptable alternative)
Original: προσκυνέω
Category: Christology

προσκυνέω, physical prostration/homage. Matt 2:2,11; 14:33; 28:9,17. Must be distinguished from mere social deference to a human ruler (cf. historical Korean royal prostration custom, 큰절); functions in Matthew as worship properly due to God alone, reinforcing the deity of Christ.

Kingdom Of Heaven

Approved rendering: 천국
Transliteration: cheonguk
Doctrine: The Kingdom of Heaven
Original: βασιλεία τῶν οὐρανῶν
Category: Kingdom

Matthew’s characteristic phrase (32 occurrences: 3:2; 4:17; 5:3,10,19-20; 6:33 [rare 하나님의 나라 variant nearby]; 13; 18-19; 23; 25). Everyday Korean usage has drifted toward ‘the afterlife place good people go,’ paralleling the Buddhist Pure Land concept 극락. Must be taught as God’s present-and-coming reign, inaugurated in Jesus’ ministry (12:28) and consummated at his return, not primarily a postmortem destination. Explicitly the SAME referent as 하나님의 나라 (baseline kingdom_of_god) — teach the equivalence directly, never as two kingdoms.

Mysteries Of The Kingdom

Approved rendering: 천국의 비밀
Transliteration: cheonguk-ui bimil
Doctrine: Mysteries of the Kingdom
Original: τὰ μυστήρια τῆς βασιλείας
Category: Kingdom

Matt 13:11. 비밀 (‘secret’) risks suggesting esoteric, initiate-only occult knowledge, echoing Korean new-religious-movement ‘hidden truth’ claims or shamanistic secret ritual knowledge held by a mudang. Must be taught as truth graciously disclosed to those who respond in faith, not gnosis earned through ritual or spiritual hierarchy.

Keys Of The Kingdom

Approved rendering: 천국 열쇠
Transliteration: cheonguk yeolsoe
Doctrine: Delegated Kingdom Authority
Original: τὰς κλεῖδας τῆς βασιλείας
Category: Kingdom

Matt 16:19. Delegated authority for governance and doctrinal/disciplinary declaration. Must be taught jointly with binding_and_loosing to avoid a ritual-magical misreading.

Binding And Loosing

Approved rendering: 매다 / 풀다
Transliteration: maeda / pulda
Doctrine: Delegated Kingdom Authority
Original: δήσῃς … λύσῃς
Category: Church

Matt 16:19; 18:18. STRONG collision risk with Korean shamanistic ritual practice, in which a mudang ‘binds’ curses/malevolent spirits and ‘looses/releases’ misfortune during a gut ceremony. Must be taught explicitly as delegated, Spirit-guided ecclesial governing and disciplinary authority (cf. ch.18), never as ritual-magical binding/loosing of spiritual forces performed by a religious specialist.

Fulfillment Formula

Approved rendering: 이루려 하심이라
Transliteration: irury eo hasimira
Doctrine: Fulfillment of Old Testament Prophecy
Original: ἵνα πληρωθῇ
Category: Covenant

Matthew’s recurring literary formula (1:22-23; 2:15,17,23; 4:14; 8:17; 12:17; 13:35; 21:4; 27:9). Must convey a real, historical, one-time fulfillment of specific OT texts, not general pattern-matching or a fortune-telling-style ‘prediction come true’ — must be kept distinct from 점/사주팔자 예측, still-practiced Korean folk divination and birth-chart astrology.

Authority

Approved rendering: 권세
Transliteration: gwonse
Doctrine: The Authority of Jesus’ Teaching
Original: ἐξουσία
Category: Authority

ἐξουσία. Matt 7:29 (teaching authority); 9:6 (authority to forgive sins); 21:23; climactically 28:18 (‘all authority in heaven and on earth’). Must never be collapsed into 능력 (baseline power_of_god, raw capability) nor softened toward mere rhetorical persuasiveness. Denotes rightful dominion/legitimate authority-to-command, the summit statement of which is 28:18.

Tradition Of The Elders

Approved rendering: 장로들의 유전
Transliteration: jangno-deul-ui yujeon
Doctrine: Human Tradition versus the Command of God
Original: παράδοσις τῶν πρεσβυτέρων
Category: Authority

Matt 15:1-9. 유전 collides with Korea’s Confucian tradition of transmitted ancestral teaching/ritual obligation (jesa-adjacent). Teaching must draw the explicit parallel Jesus himself draws: inherited religious tradition, however venerable, must not nullify God’s actual revealed command, including its direct bearing on Confucian filial-piety expectations (15:3-6).

Antitheses

Approved rendering: 너희가 들었으나 나는 너희에게 이르노니
Transliteration: neohuiga deureosseuna naneun neohuiege irononi
Doctrine: The Authority of Jesus’ Teaching
Original: ἠκούσατε ὅτι ἐρρέθη… ἐγὼ δὲ λέγω ὑμῖν
Category: Authority

Matt 5:21,27,31,33,38,43. Direct claim to authority co-equal with or exceeding Moses/Torah itself; must retain full rhetorical and theological force, not be softened into a respectful rabbinic gloss on existing law.

Fulfill The Law

Approved rendering: 완전하게 하다
Transliteration: wanjeonhage hada
Doctrine: Righteousness Exceeding the Pharisees
Rejected alternatives: 폐하다 (abolish, forbidden reading)
Original: πληρῶσαι
Category: Authority

Matt 5:17. Must avoid both an abolish-and-replace reading and a mere-legal-continuation reading; Jesus fulfills the Law’s true intent, then re-issues it with intensified force in the antitheses.

Hypocrites

Approved rendering: 외식하는 자
Transliteration: oesikhaneun ja
Doctrine: Righteousness Exceeding the Pharisees
Original: ὑποκριταί
Category: Righteousness

Matt 6:1-18; 15:7; 23 (repeated). Connects to baseline sin entry’s 체면 (face) caution; teaching must press past mere social-face concerns to hidden hypocrisy of the heart before God ‘who sees in secret.‘

What Defiles

Approved rendering: 더럽게 하다
Transliteration: deoreopge hada
Doctrine: Righteousness Exceeding the Pharisees
Original: τὸ κοινοῦν τὸν ἄνθρωπον
Category: Righteousness

Matt 15:11-20. Directly parallel to baseline holy entry’s caution against shamanistic ritual-impurity thinking (부정을 씻음); defilement is the heart’s moral condition before a holy God, not ritual/dietary contact.

Pure In Heart

Approved rendering: 마음이 청결한 자
Transliteration: maeum-i cheonggyeolhan ja
Doctrine: Righteousness Exceeding the Pharisees
Original: καθαροὶ τῇ καρδίᾳ
Category: Righteousness

Matt 5:8. Must be sharply distinguished from shamanistic ritual purification (부정을 씻음); names inward moral singleness before God, not an externally performed misfortune-removing rite.

Perfect

Approved rendering: 온전하다
Transliteration: onjeonhada
Doctrine: Righteousness Exceeding the Pharisees
Original: τέλειος
Category: Righteousness

Matt 5:48 (τέλειος). Must not be read as flawless self-achieved moral perfection earning divine favor; names wholehearted, undivided devotion modeled on God’s own character, connecting to baseline cautions against merit-based frameworks under grace/imputed_righteousness.

Greatest Commandment Love

Approved rendering: 사랑하다
Transliteration: saranghada
Doctrine: The Greatest Commandment
Original: ἀγαπήσεις
Category: Righteousness

Matt 22:37-40 (ἀγαπάω). Standard Korean 사랑 is a single broad term (unlike Greek’s differentiated ἀγάπη/ἔρος/φιλία) and is heavily colored by romantic-relationship connotation from K-drama/K-pop popular usage. Must be explicitly taught as committed, willed, self-giving love toward God and neighbor, not primarily emotion or romantic affection.

Church Discipline

Approved rendering: 교회에 말하라
Transliteration: gyohoe-e malhara
Doctrine: The Church and Church Discipline
Original: εἰπὸν τῇ ἐκκλησίᾳ
Category: Church

Matt 18:15-17. Must be taught as a restorative, graduated, communal process aimed at repentance and reconciliation — not public shaming to preserve communal 체면 (face), and not a shamanistic ritual exclusion; the church exercises Christ-delegated authority (cf. binding_and_loosing) for the offender’s ultimate restoration.

Interpersonal Forgiveness

Approved rendering: 용서
Transliteration: yongseo
Doctrine: The Church and Church Discipline
Original: ἄφες
Category: Church

Matt 18:21-35. Distinguish from divine forgiveness-of-sin (죄 사함, see forgive_us_our_debts below); held in tension with, not as a replacement for, the discipline procedure given in the same chapter (18:15-17).

Great Commission

Approved rendering: 모든 민족을 제자로 삼으라
Transliteration: modeun minjok-eul jeja-ro sameura
Doctrine: The Great Commission
Original: μαθητεύσατε πάντα τὰ ἔθνη
Category: Church

Matt 28:19. 민족 (‘people/ethnic-nation’) is the same root at the center of Korea’s ethnic-nationalist 단일민족 self-conception (cf. baseline gentiles). Here the risk runs in the constructive direction: teaching must state with maximal inclusive force that the Commission overturns any ethnically bounded conception of God’s people.

End Of The Age

Approved rendering: 세상 끝
Transliteration: sesang kkeut
Doctrine: Judgment and the End of the Age
Original: συντέλεια τοῦ αἰῶνος
Category: Eschatology

Matt 24:3; 28:20 (συντέλεια τοῦ αἰῶνος). Greek distinguishes αἰών (‘age,’ temporal epoch) from κόσμος (‘world,’ created order); standard Korean 세상 can conflate both senses. Must be taught as the end of the present age, a historical turning point at Christ’s return, not the annihilation of creation itself.

Parousia

Approved rendering: 재림
Transliteration: jaerim
Doctrine: Judgment and the End of the Age
Original: παρουσία τοῦ υἱοῦ τοῦ ἀνθρώπου
Category: Eschatology

Matt 24:27,37,39. Well-established, comparatively low-collision Korean Protestant term, but must be explicitly distinguished from Korean new-religious-movement claims that a living human figure fulfills Christ’s promised return — a pattern Matt 24:23-26 itself explicitly warns against, making this directly and concretely applicable to the contemporary Korean religious landscape.

Election Eschatological

Approved rendering: 택하신 자
Transliteration: taekhasin ja
Doctrine: Judgment and the End of the Age
Original: ἐκλεκτοί
Category: Salvation

Matt 24:22,24,31 (ἐκλεκτοί). Effectual, sovereign choice — shares its root with baseline election (선택) but is the eschatological-gathering sense specifically. Must be distinguished from the merely invitational sense flagged under general_invitation_vs_election below.

General Invitation Vs Election

Approved rendering: 청함을 받은 자는 많되 택함을 입은 자는 적으니라
Transliteration: cheonghameul badeun janeun manhdoe taekhameul ibeun janeun jeogeunira
Doctrine: Judgment and the End of the Age
Rejected alternatives: 부르심을 받은 자 (baseline effectual-call term — explicitly NOT to be used here)
Original: πολλοὶ γάρ εἰσιν κλητοί, ὀλίγοι δὲ ἐκλεκτοί
Category: Salvation

Matt 22:14; 20:16. Uses 청하다 (‘invite’) rather than the baseline’s 부르심 (effectual call, Rom 8:28-30). Teaching MUST clarify this names the broad, universal gospel invitation, not Romans’ technical effectual-calling doctrine, to prevent readers concluding that Romans’ unbreakable effectual call can, after all, be refused.

Talents

Approved rendering: 달란트
Transliteration: dallanteu
Doctrine: Stewardship and Final Accountability
Original: τάλαντα
Category: Discipleship

Matt 25:14-30. Contemporary Korean church culture (notably youth/children’s ministry ‘달란트 시장,’ talent-market programs) has popularized 달란트 as roughly synonymous with English ‘talent’ meaning innate personal skill. Teaching must recover the parable’s actual stewardship-and-accountability sense alongside, not replacing, the popular usage.

Eternal Life

Approved rendering: 영생
Transliteration: yeongsaeng
Doctrine: Eternal Punishment and Eternal Life
Rejected alternatives: 윤회 (rebirth cycle, forbidden)
Original: ζωὴ αἰώνιος
Category: Eschatology

Matt 19:16,29; 25:46. Must be sharply distinguished from Buddhist 윤회 (rebirth cycle, already forbidden under baseline resurrection) — unending personal communion with God, secured once through faith in Christ, not indefinite continuation through repeated rebirths, nor an impersonal escape from suffering (already forbidden under salvation, 해탈).

Take Up Cross

Approved rendering: 자기 십자가를 지다
Transliteration: jagi sipjaga-reul jida
Doctrine: Discipleship and the Cost of Following Jesus
Original: ἄρας τὸν σταυρὸν αὐτοῦ
Category: Discipleship

Matt 10:38; 16:24. 십자가 is well-established Korean Christian vocabulary with comparatively lower day-to-day collision risk (per baseline’s resurrection precedent), but must not be diluted into the secular idiom ‘인생의 십자가’ (‘life’s burden’) detached from actual costly allegiance to Christ, including the real social/familial cost named in 10:34-37.

Deny Oneself

Approved rendering: 자기를 부인하다
Transliteration: jagi-reul buinhada
Doctrine: Discipleship and the Cost of Following Jesus
Original: ἀπαρνησάσθω ἑαυτὸν
Category: Discipleship

Matt 16:24. Paired with take_up_cross; self-denial specifically for Christ’s sake, not general asceticism or self-cultivation.

Losing Life To Find It

Approved rendering: 자기 목숨을 잃으면 얻으리라
Transliteration: jagi mokseumeul ireumyeon eodeurira
Doctrine: Discipleship and the Cost of Following Jesus
Original: ὁ ἀπολέσας τὴν ψυχὴν αὐτοῦ…εὑρήσει αὐτήν
Category: Discipleship

Matt 10:39; 16:25. Must retain the paradox (losing to find) rather than softening to a generic call to vague selflessness.

Yoke

Approved rendering: 멍에
Transliteration: mung-e
Doctrine: Jesus’ Yoke and True Rest
Original: ζυγός
Category: Discipleship

Matt 11:28-30. Contemporary Korean 멍에 carries a strong connotation of oppressive, unjust burden (e.g., idiomatically ‘일제의 멍에,’ ‘the yoke of colonial rule’). Teaching must make explicit that Jesus is not merely offering a lighter version of an oppressive system but a fundamentally different, gracious relationship; name the cultural association directly rather than hoping context alone overrides it.

Great Faith

Approved rendering: 큰 믿음
Transliteration: keun mideum
Doctrine: Faith: Little Faith and Great Faith
Original: τοσαύτην πίστιν / μεγάλη ἡ πίστις
Category: Faith

Matt 8:10; 15:28. Applied notably to Gentiles (the centurion, the Canaanite woman), foreshadowing the gospel’s universal reach and connecting to the baseline’s unity_of_jews_and_gentiles doctrine.

Reward

Approved rendering: 상
Transliteration: sang
Doctrine: Divine Reward as Gracious, Not Merit-Based
Original: μισθός
Category: Discipleship

Matt 5:12; 6:1-6. Sits close to Korea’s intensely achievement-and-merit-oriented culture (cf. baseline glory’s 출세 note) and to the Critical 기복신앙 transactional pattern flagged under baseline grace. Must be taught explicitly as the Father’s gracious response to faithful endurance, never a merit wage earned by performance or a fortune granted for ritual/religious effort.

Repent

Approved rendering: 회개하다
Transliteration: hoegaehada
Doctrine: Repentance as the Necessary Response to the Kingdom
Original: μετανοέω
Category: Salvation

Matt 3:2; 4:17 (μετανοέω). Must be distinguished from Confucian moral self-reflection/self-cultivation (반성, 수신); biblical repentance is a Spirit-enabled turn toward God in response to the announced kingdom, not self-directed ethical improvement.

Devil Satan

Approved rendering: 마귀 / 사탄
Transliteration: magwi / satan
Doctrine: The Reality of the Devil as Personal Spiritual Adversary
Rejected alternatives: 도깨비, 잡귀
Original: διάβολος / σατανᾶς
Category: Spiritual Warfare

Matt 4:1-11; 13:39; 25:41. Must be taught as a real, personal evil being opposed to God — not equated with morally ambiguous Korean folk-spirit categories such as 도깨비 (goblin-trickster spirits) or 잡귀 (minor wandering spirits addressed in shamanistic ritual), which are locally placated figures rather than the singular cosmic adversary of Scripture.

Hosanna

Approved rendering: 호산나
Transliteration: hosanna
Doctrine: Jesus as the Promised Messiah and Son of David
Original: Ὡσαννά
Category: Christology

Matt 21:9. Hebrew messianic acclamation, transliterated per established KRV convention, used alongside 다윗의 자손 (son_of_david). A direct public confession of messiahship at the Triumphal Entry.

Forgive Us Our Debts

Approved rendering: 우리 죄를 사하여 주시옵고
Transliteration: uri joereul sahayeo jusiopgo
Doctrine: Sin and True Defilement of the Heart
Original: ἄφες ἡμῖν τὰ ὀφειλήματα ἡμῶν
Category: Salvation

Matt 6:12. Distinguish this specific divine-forgiveness-of-sin sense (죄 사함) from general interpersonal 용서, used later of the unforgiving servant (18:21-35) — related but not identical categories.

Hallowed Be Your Name

Approved rendering: 이름이 거룩히 여김을 받으시오며
Transliteration: ireumi georokhi yeogimeul badeusioomyeo
Doctrine: Sin and True Defilement of the Heart
Original: ἁγιασθήτω τὸ ὄνομά σου
Category: God

Matt 6:9. Not a request for ritual purification but a petition that God’s moral holiness be publicly honored; per baseline holy guidance.

Medium Risk Terms

Gospel

Approved rendering: 복음
Transliteration: bogeum
Doctrine: Gospel
Rejected alternatives: 좋은 소식, 굿뉴스

Inherited from Romans package. Established KRV term, literally ‘blessing-news’ (福音). Because 복 (bok, fortune/blessing) is the same root at the center of Korean shamanistic fortune-seeking faith (기복신앙, gibok sinang), teaching must make explicit the gospel announces salvation through Christ, not a forecast of material fortune.

Resurrection

Approved rendering: 부활
Transliteration: buhwal
Doctrine: Resurrection of Christ
Rejected alternatives: 환생, 윤회

Inherited from Romans package. NEVER 환생 or 윤회. Matthew extension: elevated in practice to High/Critical importance at 28:6 (the resurrection announcement) and connected to the Sign of Jonah typology (12:39-41).

Lord

Approved rendering: 주님
Transliteration: junim
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: 주인님
Original: κύριος
Category: Christology

Inherited from Romans package. Established honorific form with 님. Matthew extension: appears in address to Jesus throughout (8:25; 14:30) and in the eschatological confession (22:41-45; 25:37); Matthew’s own escalated Christological usage (e.g. combined with 26:63-64’s trial testimony) elevates this term’s applied risk toward Critical within this curriculum.

Peace

Approved rendering: 화평
Transliteration: hwapyeong
Doctrine: Peace with God
Rejected alternatives: 평안 (일반적 안녕)

Inherited from Romans package. Matthew extension: Matt 10:34’s ‘not peace but a sword’ explicitly clarifies that this relational peace with God does not guarantee the absence of relational conflict in this age.

Church

Approved rendering: 교회
Transliteration: gyohoe
Doctrine: Church as God’s People
Rejected alternatives: 당집, 절
Original: ἐκκλησία
Category: Church

Inherited from Romans package. NEVER 당집 or 절. Matthew extension: first named at 16:18 (‘on this rock I will build my church’), the founding statement for the curriculum doctrine ‘The Church and Church Discipline’; the Petros/petra wordplay is not recoverable in Korean (베드로/반석 unrelated) and must be supplied explicitly in teaching material.

Glory

Approved rendering: 영광
Transliteration: yeonggwang
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Rejected alternatives: 명예, 출세
Original: δόξα
Category: God

Inherited from Romans package. Avoid 명예/출세. Matthew extension: applies to the Son of Man’s coming in glory (16:27; 24:30; 25:31).

Messiah

Approved rendering: 그리스도
Transliteration: Geuriseudo
Doctrine: Messianic Promise
Rejected alternatives: 미륵
Original: Χριστός
Category: Christology

Inherited from Romans package. Avoid conflating with 미륵 (Maitreya). Matthew extension: risk elevated to Critical in this curriculum’s combined Christological usage, e.g. Peter’s confession (16:16) pairing 그리스도 with 하나님의 아들.

Prophet

Approved rendering: 선지자
Transliteration: seonjija
Doctrine: Inspiration of Scripture
Rejected alternatives: 점쟁이, 무당
Original: προφήτης
Category: Covenant

Inherited from Romans package. Distinguish from 점쟁이/무당. Matthew extension: see false_prophets (거짓 선지자) below for a related but distinct new term.

Prophecy

Approved rendering: 예언
Transliteration: yeeon
Doctrine: Fulfillment of Prophecy
Rejected alternatives: 점, 사주팔자 예측
Original: προφητεία
Category: Covenant

Inherited from Romans package. Distinguish from 점/사주팔자 예측.

Election

Approved rendering: 선택
Transliteration: seontaek
Doctrine: Effectual Calling
Rejected alternatives: 팔자, 운

Inherited from Romans package. Avoid 팔자/운. Matthew extension: root shared with 택하신 자 (eschatological elect, 24:22,24,31) and 택함을 입은 자 (22:14) — the latter must be explicitly distinguished as a different sense (see general_invitation_vs_election below).

Intercession

Approved rendering: 중보기도
Transliteration: jungbo gido
Doctrine: Prayer and Intercession
Rejected alternatives: 굿을 통한 중재

Inherited from Romans package. Distinguish from a mudang’s ritual mediation.

Mission

Approved rendering: 선교
Transliteration: seongyo
Doctrine: Mission to the Nations
Original: ἀποστολή
Category: Church

Inherited from Romans package. Matthew extension: caution against Korea’s success/metrics-driven missions culture applies directly to teaching the Great Commission (28:18-20) and the harvest/laborers image (9:37-38, new entry below).

Israel

Approved rendering: 이스라엘
Transliteration: Iseurael
Doctrine: Unity of Jews and Gentiles
Original: Ἰσραήλ
Category: Covenant

Inherited from Romans package. Matthew extension: the initial restriction of the Twelve’s mission to ‘the lost sheep of Israel’ (10:6) must be taught as salvation-historical sequencing, not ethnic favoritism, explicitly superseded by 28:19.

False Prophets

Approved rendering: 거짓 선지자
Transliteration: geojit seonjija
Doctrine: Fulfillment of Old Testament Prophecy
Original: ψευδοπροφῆται
Category: Covenant

Matt 7:15-20; 24:11,24. Distinguish from 점쟁이/무당 (folk-divination practitioners making no Christian prophetic claim); false prophets specifically claim Christian/prophetic authority falsely, a distinct danger.

Sign Of Jonah

Approved rendering: 요나의 표적
Transliteration: Yona-ui pyeojeok
Doctrine: Fulfillment of Old Testament Prophecy
Original: τὸ σημεῖον Ἰωνᾶ
Category: Covenant

Matt 12:39-41. Typological sign requiring OT background; connects directly to 부활 (baseline resurrection).

Abomination Of Desolation

Approved rendering: 멸망의 가증한 것
Transliteration: myeolmang-ui gajeunghan geot
Doctrine: Fulfillment of Old Testament Prophecy
Original: τὸ βδέλυγμα τῆς ἐρημώσεως
Category: Eschatology

Matt 24:15, citing Daniel. Requires Danielic OT background; ties prophecy fulfillment to eschatology.

Rock Church Foundation

Approved rendering: 반석
Transliteration: banseok
Doctrine: The Founding of the Church
Original: πέτρα
Category: Church

Matt 16:18. The Petros/petra wordplay (‘Peter’/‘rock’) is not recoverable in Korean (베드로/반석 are unrelated words); teaching material must supply the wordplay explicitly rather than assume readers perceive it.

Little Ones

Approved rendering: 소자
Transliteration: soja
Doctrine: The Church and Church Discipline
Original: οἱ μικροί
Category: Church

Matt 18:6,10,14. Should not be limited only to literal children but understood as any vulnerable, humble member of the church whose faith could be harmed.

Stumbling Block

Approved rendering: 실족하게 하다
Transliteration: siljokhage hada
Doctrine: The Church and Church Discipline
Original: σκάνδαλον
Category: Church

Matt 18:6-9. Retain gravity as a cause of spiritual ruin, not mere inconvenience.

Harvest Laborers

Approved rendering: 추수 / 일꾼
Transliteration: chusu / ilkkun
Doctrine: The Great Commission
Original: θερισμός / ἐργάται
Category: Church

Matt 9:37-38. Connects to Korea’s own strong missionary-sending culture (baseline mission); should be taught as gospel-motivated sending, not a numbers-driven success metric.

Disciple

Approved rendering: 제자
Transliteration: jeja
Doctrine: Discipleship and the Cost of Following Jesus
Original: μαθητής
Category: Discipleship

Throughout Matthew, esp. 5:1-2. Distinguish from the Confucian master-disciple technique-transmission relationship (사제 관계) and secular martial/artistic apprenticeship; discipleship to Jesus is a personal, faith-based following of a living Lord, not credentialed skill-mastery.

Great Tribulation

Approved rendering: 큰 환난
Transliteration: keun hwannan
Doctrine: Judgment and the End of the Age
Original: θλῖψις μεγάλη
Category: Eschatology

Matt 24:21. Established eschatological term; ensure not conflated with generic personal-hardship pastoral-counseling language.

Watchfulness Ten Virgins

Approved rendering: 지혜로운 자 / 미리석은 자
Transliteration: jihyeroun ja / miriseogeun ja
Doctrine: Judgment and the End of the Age
Original: φρόνιμοι / μωραί
Category: Eschatology

Matt 25:1-13. Eschatological watchfulness readiness parable; should not be reduced to generic worldly cleverness (Korean 똑똑함).

Narrow Gate

Approved rendering: 좁은 문
Transliteration: jobeun mun
Doctrine: Discipleship and the Cost of Following Jesus
Original: στενὴ πύλη
Category: Discipleship

Matt 7:13-14. Should not be moralized into mere effortful self-discipline (a works-righteousness reading); the narrowness is Christ himself as the singular way.

Not Peace But Sword

Approved rendering: 검
Transliteration: geom
Doctrine: Discipleship and the Cost of Following Jesus
Original: οὐ…εἰρήνην ἀλλὰ μάχαιραν
Category: Discipleship

Matt 10:34. Must be explicitly taught as figurative — describing relational division caused by allegiance to Christ, not a literal endorsement of violence.

Little Faith

Approved rendering: 믿음이 작은 자
Transliteration: mideum-i jageun ja
Doctrine: Faith: Little Faith and Great Faith
Original: ὀλιγόπιστος
Category: Faith

Matt 6:30; 8:26; 14:31; 16:8. Genuine but immature faith, distinct from unbelief; teach avoiding both despair (as if littleness equals no salvation) and complacency (as if littleness is inconsequential).

Baptism Johns

Approved rendering: 세례
Transliteration: seryeo
Doctrine: Repentance as the Necessary Response to the Kingdom
Original: βάπτισμα
Category: Salvation

Matt 3:1-17. Established Korean Christian term; must remain clearly distinguished from generic ritual water-purification practices per baseline holy guidance.

Temptation

Approved rendering: 시험
Transliteration: siheom
Doctrine: The Reality of the Devil as Personal Spiritual Adversary
Original: πειρασμός
Category: Spiritual Warfare

Matt 4:1-11 (πειρασμός). Modern Korean 시험 primarily means an academic ‘exam/test’ (culturally loaded given Korea’s intense exam culture); teaching should clarify this is moral/spiritual testing by a personal adversarial being, not an academic evaluation.

Sabbath

Approved rendering: 안식일
Transliteration: anshigil
Doctrine: Christ’s Lordship Over the Sabbath
Original: σάββατον
Category: Covenant

Matt 12:1-14. Established Korean term; connect to ch.11’s ‘rest’ (안식) theme — Jesus offers the true rest Sabbath observance pointed toward.

Rest

Approved rendering: 쉼
Transliteration: swim
Doctrine: Jesus’ Yoke and True Rest
Original: ἀνάπαυσις
Category: Discipleship

Matt 11:29 (ἀνάπαυσις). Shares its root with 안식일 (Sabbath); worth teaching the connection explicitly — Jesus offers the true rest that Sabbath observance pointed toward.

Compassion

Approved rendering: 긍휼히 여기다
Transliteration: geungyul-hi yeogida
Doctrine: The Great Commission
Original: σπλαγχνίζομαι
Category: God

Matt 9:36-38 (σπλαγχνίζομαι). Should be distinguished from mere sentimental pity; compassion that issues in concrete sending/action, grounding the church’s own evangelistic compassion.

Mammon

Approved rendering: 재물
Transliteration: jaemul
Doctrine: Discipleship and the Cost of Following Jesus
Rejected alternatives: 맘몬 (transliteration, rejected as unfamiliar with no compensating gain)
Original: Μαμωνᾷ
Category: Discipleship

Matt 6:24. Wealth personified as a rival master demanding total allegiance. Korea’s contemporary achievement/wealth-oriented culture (cf. baseline glory’s 출세 note) makes this a live application point beyond historical teaching.

Treasure In Heaven

Approved rendering: 하늘에 보물을 쌓아 두다
Transliteration: haneure bomureul ssaa duda
Doctrine: Divine Reward as Gracious, Not Merit-Based
Original: θησαυρὸν ἐν οὐρανῷ
Category: Discipleship

Matt 6:19-21. Must not be reframed as a prosperity-transaction (‘give to get a greater heavenly return’) echoing the Critical 기복신앙 pattern flagged under baseline grace; the point is reoriented desire and trust, not superior investment strategy.

Daily Bread

Approved rendering: 일용할 양식
Transliteration: illyonghal yangsik
Doctrine: Divine Reward as Gracious, Not Merit-Based
Original: τὸν ἄρτον…τὸν ἐπιούσιον
Category: Discipleship

Matt 6:11. Should be distinguished from the transactional expectation of 기복신앙 that material provision is secured by ritual performance; provision flows from trusting a Father who already knows what is needed (6:8, 6:32).

Render To Caesar

Approved rendering: 가이사의 것은 가이사에게, 하나님의 것은 하나님에게
Transliteration: Gaisa-ui geoseun Gaisa-ege, Hananim-ui geoseun Hananim-ege
Doctrine: Civil Authority and Ultimate Allegiance to God
Original: ἀπόδοτε…τὰ Καίσαρος Καίσαρι, καὶ τὰ τοῦ Θεοῦ τῷ Θεῷ
Category: Civil Authority

Matt 22:15-22. Straightforward teaching passage; ensure ultimate allegiance to God is not diluted by over-application of civic-obedience emphasis.

Magi

Approved rendering: 박사
Transliteration: baksa
Doctrine: Fulfillment of Old Testament Prophecy
Rejected alternatives: 마고이 (transliteration, rejected as breaking continuity with existing KRV convention for marginal gain)
Original: μάγοι
Category: Fulfillment of Prophecy

Matt 2:1-12. KRV’s established rendering, but 박사 is also the modern Korean word for an academic doctoral degree — clarify these were ancient astrologer-scholars, not modern academics. Also flag, without over-correcting the term, that these were practitioners of astrological arts (cf. 사주팔자, already flagged under baseline providence/election) whose observation God sovereignly used, not an endorsement of astrology as a valid path to truth.

Low Risk Terms

Apostle

Approved rendering: 사도
Transliteration: sado
Doctrine: Apostleship
Rejected alternatives: 무당, 도사
Original: ἀπόστολος
Category: Church

Inherited from Romans package. Matthew extension: ‘the Twelve’ (10:1-4) carries a symbolic link to Israel’s twelve tribes, a renewed-Israel motif worth surfacing in teaching depth beyond the baseline’s low-risk note.

Thanksgiving

Approved rendering: 감사
Transliteration: gamsa
Doctrine: Thanksgiving

Inherited from Romans package. No significant risk.

Fellowship

Approved rendering: 교제
Transliteration: gyoje
Doctrine: Christian Fellowship

Inherited from Romans package.

Kingdom Of God

Approved rendering: 하나님의 나라
Transliteration: Hananim-ui nara
Doctrine: Kingdom Mission
Original: βασιλεία τοῦ θεοῦ
Category: Kingdom

Inherited from Romans package. Matthew extension (RISK ELEVATED TO HIGH IN THIS CURRICULUM): Matthew uses this phrase occasionally (6:33; 12:28; 19:24; 21:31,43) as a stylistic variant of his more frequent 천국 (‘kingdom of heaven,’ see new entry below). Teaching must explicitly state these are the identical reality under two Korean labels, not two different kingdoms.

Covenant

Approved rendering: 언약
Transliteration: eonyak
Doctrine: Davidic Covenant
Rejected alternatives: 계약
Original: διαθήκη
Category: Covenant

Inherited from Romans package. Kept cleanly distinct from 계약 (commercial contract). Matthew extension: directly relevant to the Lord’s Supper institution (‘blood of the covenant,’ 26:28); risk elevated to Critical in that specific context (see lords_supper below), though the term itself remains Low-risk generally.

David

Approved rendering: 다윗
Transliteration: Dawit
Doctrine: Davidic Covenant
Original: Δαυίδ
Category: Covenant

Inherited from Romans package. Standard KRV proper name form.

Exhort

Approved rendering: 권면하다
Transliteration: gwonmyeonhada
Doctrine: Mutual Edification

Inherited from Romans package.

Fishers Of Men

Approved rendering: 사람을 낚는 어부
Transliteration: saram-eul nakkneun eobu
Doctrine: The Great Commission
Original: ἁλιεῖς ἀνθρώπων
Category: Church

Matt 4:19. Must not be read as manipulative ‘catching’ of people but as gathering people into the kingdom through gospel proclamation.

Parable

Approved rendering: 비유
Transliteration: biyu
Doctrine: Mysteries of the Kingdom
Original: παραβολή
Category: Teaching Form

Matt 13 and throughout. Standard, well-established Korean term; low risk on its own, though the doctrinal content it carries (Mysteries of the Kingdom) is High risk.

Angel

Approved rendering: 천사
Transliteration: cheonsa
Doctrine: Incarnation and Virgin Conception
Original: ἄγγελος
Category: Christology

Matt 1:20-24. Established Korean Christian term; note popular culture can soften this to a generic ‘guardian angel’ sentimentality — retain the specific role as God’s commissioned messenger.

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