Cross-Reference and Theme Analysis: Revelation (요한계시록) — English → Korean
Methodology
This document traces every Old Testament quotation and allusion, every messianic reference, every typological pattern, and every meaningful parallel to other curriculum books in this language pipeline (Matthew, Mark, Luke, John, Acts, 1–2 Corinthians, Galatians, Ephesians, Philippians, 2 Thessalonians, 1–2 Timothy, Titus, Philemon, Hebrews, James, 1–2 Peter, Colossians, 1 John — with special emphasis on Romans, the baseline anchor curriculum), chapter by chapter, first to last, across the whole book of Revelation. Revelation contains no formal introductory quotation formulas (“as it is written”) common in Paul; its OT usage is almost entirely allusive, woven directly into the vision narrative. This document identifies allusions by their strongest scholarly consensus source text(s).
Citation normalization convention: All references in this document use the form Book Chapter:Verse (e.g., Revelation 21:1, Genesis 3:15, Isaiah 65:17). This form must be used identically in all downstream Phase 2 segment metadata. Korean-facing rendered citations follow the baseline’s established KRV book-name convention (e.g., 요한계시록 21:1, 창세기 3:15, 이사야 65:17), per 12_ai_translation_requirements.md’s Cross-Reference Preservation Rules.
PART 1 — Cross-Reference Matrix, Chapter by Chapter
Revelation 1 — Prologue and Vision of the Risen Christ
| Passage | Theme | Related Character | OT/NT Connection | Translation Sensitivity |
|---|
| Revelation 1:5 | Christ as faithful witness, firstborn, ruler of kings | Christ, David | Psalm 89:27,37 (Davidic “firstborn,” “faithful witness in the skies”) | 증인/신실하신 이 must echo baseline’s 신실하고 참되도다 (21:5) for cross-chapter consistency; keep distinct from 의리 (loyalty-ethics) |
| Revelation 1:6 | Kingdom and priests | Believers, Moses/Israel | Exodus 19:6 (“a kingdom of priests, a holy nation”); paralleled in 1 Peter 2:9 (“royal priesthood”) | 나라와 제사장 must render identically wherever this Exodus 19:6 formula recurs (Rev 5:10, 20:6); cross-curriculum consistency required with 1 Peter 2:9’s 왕 같은 제사장 — both must clearly denote direct access to God, not a mudang-style ritual intermediary |
| Revelation 1:7 | Christ’s visible, universal return | Christ, Daniel, Zechariah | Daniel 7:13 (“coming with the clouds of heaven”); Zechariah 12:10 (“they will look on me, the one they have pierced”) | Directly quoted again in John 19:37 (a curriculum Gospel); rendering of “pierced” (ἐξεκέντησαν) must match across Revelation 1:7 and John 19:37 |
| Revelation 1:8 | Divine eternality and sovereignty | God | Isaiah 44:6 (“I am the first and I am the last”); Isaiah 41:4, 48:12 | 알파와 오메가 recurs at Revelation 21:6 and 22:13; must render identically all three occurrences, always paired with 처음과 마지막/시작과 끝 gloss |
| Revelation 1:12-16 | Vision of the glorified Son of Man | Christ, Daniel, Ezekiel | Daniel 7:9-10, 10:5-6 (radiant heavenly figure); Ezekiel 1:26-28 (glory-vision) | High: combines baseline’s Critical 하나님의 아들/주님 with new apocalyptic vision-imagery; must not soften divine glory-language toward mere “impressive appearance” |
| Revelation 1:17-18 | Christ’s eternal life and authority over death | Christ | Isaiah 44:6, 48:12 (“Fear not… I am the first and the last”) | 사망과 음부의 열쇠 — see semantic analysis note distinguishing 음부 from Buddhist/shamanistic 저승/명부 cosmology |
| Revelation 1:19 | Prophetic commissioning | John | Ezekiel 2:1-3 (prophetic call/commission pattern) | 계시/예언 baseline terms reused |
Revelation 2–3 — Letters to the Seven Churches
| Passage | Theme | Related Character | OT/NT Connection | Translation Sensitivity |
|---|
| Revelation 2:7 | Tree of life restored | Adam/Eve | Genesis 2:9, 3:22-24 (tree of life, barred after the Fall) | 생명나무 recurs Revelation 22:2,14,19; must render identically; teach as Eden restored, not East Asian immortality-elixir (불로초) folklore |
| Revelation 2:12,16 | Christ’s word as a sword | Christ | Isaiah 49:2 (“he made my mouth like a sharp sword”) | Recurs Revelation 19:15,21; keep 입에서 나오는 검 consistent across both passages |
| Revelation 2:14 | Warning against idolatrous compromise | Balaam, Balak | Numbers 22–25; 31:16 (Balaam’s counsel to seduce Israel into idolatry/sexual immorality) | 발람의 교훈 — historical-name allusion; low collision risk but should be glossed for readers unfamiliar with Numbers narrative |
| Revelation 2:20 | Warning against false teaching/idolatry | Jezebel | 1 Kings 16:31; 2 Kings 9:22,30-37 (Jezebel’s idolatry and immorality) | 이세벨 — symbolic use of a historical name for a false prophetess in Thyatira; must not be read as a comment on women generally |
| Revelation 2:27 | Messianic rule over the nations | Christ, (Davidic king) | Psalm 2:9 (“You shall break them with a rod of iron”) | 철장 recurs Revelation 12:5, 19:15; render identically all three occurrences; ties to baseline’s Davidic covenant note |
| Revelation 3:7 | Messianic authority, key of David | Christ, Eliakim | Isaiah 22:22 (“the key of the house of David… he shall open, and none shall shut”) | 다윗의 열쇠 — extends baseline’s 다윗/다윗의 혈통 terms |
| Revelation 3:9 | Vindication of the true people of God | (historical Jewish opponents at Smyrna/Philadelphia) | Isaiah 60:14 (“they shall come bending low to you… call you the City of the LORD”) | High: 사탄의 회당 must never be taught as blanket anti-Jewish polemic; names a specific local first-century claim, consistent with baseline’s “Unity of Jews and Gentiles” caution |
| Revelation 3:12 | New Jerusalem anticipated | — | Anticipates Ezekiel 48:35 (“The LORD is there”); parallels Revelation 21:2 | 새 예루살렘 — first mention; must render identically to ch. 21 usage |
| Revelation 3:14 | Christ as the Amen, faithful witness | Christ | Isaiah 65:16 (“the God of truth,” lit. “God of Amen”) | 아멘이시요 신실하고 참되신 증인 — echoes Revelation 21:5’s 신실하고 참되도다; consistency required |
| Revelation 3:19 | Divine discipline as love | — | Proverbs 3:12 (“the LORD reproves him whom he loves”) | 책망하고 징계하노니 — standard, low risk |
Revelation 4 — The Throne Room of Heaven
| Passage | Theme | Related Character | OT/NT Connection | Translation Sensitivity |
|---|
| Revelation 4:2-3 | God’s throne-vision | God, Ezekiel | Ezekiel 1:26-28 (throne, rainbow-like glory); Isaiah 6:1 | 보좌 — established KRV term; reused throughout |
| Revelation 4:6-8 | Four living creatures | Ezekiel, Isaiah | Ezekiel 1:5-10, 10:14 (four living creatures’ faces); Isaiah 6:2-3 (seraphim) | 네 생물 — must not be rendered to suggest ordinary animals or shamanistic animal-spirits |
| Revelation 4:8 | Trisagion, God’s holiness | — | Isaiah 6:3 (“Holy, holy, holy is the LORD of hosts”) | 거룩하다 거룩하다 거룩하다 — reuses baseline’s High-risk 거룩한; direct quotation, must match any parallel liturgical use in other curriculum books |
| Revelation 4:9-11 | Worship of God the Creator | — | Psalm 96:6-9; Isaiah 6:1-3 (worship before God’s throne) | 합당하다/합당하신 — exclusive worthiness, not honor/achievement framing |
Revelation 5 — The Lamb Who Was Slain
| Passage | Theme | Related Character | OT/NT Connection | Translation Sensitivity |
|---|
| Revelation 5:1 | Sealed scroll of destiny | Ezekiel, Daniel | Ezekiel 2:9-10 (scroll written within/without); Daniel 12:4,9 (sealed book) | 두루마리 — low risk |
| Revelation 5:5 | Messianic Lion and Root | Judah, David, Jesse | Genesis 49:9-10 (“Judah is a lion’s cub… scepter shall not depart”); Isaiah 11:1,10 (“a shoot from the stump of Jesse… the root of Jesse”) | 유다 지파의 사자/다윗의 뿌리 — extends baseline Davidic terms; must be paired immediately with the Lamb-image reversal (v.6) in teaching |
| Revelation 5:6 | The slain Lamb enthroned | Christ | Isaiah 53:7 (“like a lamb led to the slaughter”); Exodus 12:1-13 (Passover lamb) | CRITICAL: 어린양 — central positive Christological term of the whole book; combines Isaiah 53 substitutionary suffering with Exodus 12 Passover deliverance; must never be softened toward a merely gentle/meek symbol disconnected from atoning sacrifice |
| Revelation 5:8-10 | Worship of the Lamb; kingdom and priests | — | Exodus 19:6 (kingdom of priests, cf. 1:6); Psalm 33:3, 96:1 (new song) | 나라와 제사장/새 노래 — consistency with 1:6 and 1 Peter 2:9 required |
| Revelation 5:11-14 | Universal worship of the Lamb equal to God | — | Daniel 7:10 (“thousand thousands served him”); Psalm 148 (universal creation-praise) | High: the Lamb receiving worship “to him who sits on the throne AND to the Lamb” (5:13) — must retain as an explicit joint-worship, deity-claim statement |
Revelation 6 — The First Six Seals
| Passage | Theme | Related Character | OT/NT Connection | Translation Sensitivity |
|---|
| Revelation 6:1-8 | Four horsemen | Zechariah | Zechariah 1:8-10, 6:1-8 (colored horses as God’s agents patrolling the earth) | 네 말 — symbolic apocalyptic imagery; teach as under God’s sovereign permission, not autonomous forces |
| Revelation 6:9-10 | Martyrs’ cry for justice | — | Genesis 4:10 (Abel’s blood crying out); Psalm 6:3, 79:5,10 (“how long, O LORD”) | 죽임을 당한 자들의 영혼 — vindication motif; ties directly to “Judgment of the Wicked and Vindication of the Saints” |
| Revelation 6:12-14 | Cosmic upheaval, Day of the LORD | — | Isaiah 34:4 (sky rolled up like a scroll); Joel 2:30-31 (sun darkened, moon to blood); Isaiah 2:19,21 (hiding from God’s terror) | 큰 지진/해가 검어짐 — Day-of-the-LORD typology; teach as fulfillment of prophetic pattern, not isolated cosmic-catastrophe spectacle |
| Revelation 6:15-17 | Terror before divine wrath | — | Hosea 10:8 (“fall on us”); Isaiah 2:10,19-21 | 진노의 큰 날 — see baseline caution: 진노 is righteous judicial wrath, not an appeasable folk-deity anger |
Revelation 7 — The 144,000 and the Great Multitude
| Passage | Theme | Related Character | OT/NT Connection | Translation Sensitivity |
|---|
| Revelation 7:1-4 | Sealing of God’s servants | Ezekiel | Ezekiel 9:4-6 (mark on the foreheads of those who grieve over sin, protecting them from judgment) | 인침을 받은 — contrasts directly with the beast’s mark (ch.13); parallel structure must be preserved |
| Revelation 7:9 | Great multitude from every nation | — | Genesis 12:3, 22:18 (Abrahamic promise, “all nations”); fulfilled multi-ethnic ingathering | 각 나라와 족속과 백성과 방언 — resist 단일민족 softening; direct fulfillment of the Abrahamic covenant’s universal scope |
| Revelation 7:9 | Palm branches | — | Leviticus 23:40 (Feast of Tabernacles, palm branches, rejoicing before the LORD) | 종려나무 가지 — festival-joy imagery; low risk, minor comprehension note |
| Revelation 7:14 | Robes washed in the blood of the Lamb | — | Exodus 12 (Passover blood); Isaiah 1:18 (sins “white as snow”) | 어린양의 피에 그 옷을 씻어 희게 함 — paradox of blood that cleanses; must not drift toward ritual-purification (부정을 씻음) reading |
| Revelation 7:16-17 | No more hunger, thirst, tears | — | Isaiah 49:10 (“they shall not hunger or thirst”); Isaiah 25:8 (“he will wipe away tears from all faces”) | Directly anticipates Revelation 21:4 — must render 눈물을 씻어 주시고 identically in both passages |
Revelation 8–9 — The Seven Trumpets
| Passage | Theme | Related Character | OT/NT Connection | Translation Sensitivity |
|---|
| Revelation 8:5 | Prayers and judgment linked | — | Ezekiel 10:2 (coals from between the cherubim scattered over the city) | 향로/불 — intercession-judgment link; ties to 중보기도 baseline term |
| Revelation 8:7 | Hail and fire mixed with blood | Moses | Exodus 9:23-25 (seventh Egyptian plague: hail and fire) | Exodus-plague typology begins here; teach the trumpets as an escalating new Exodus-judgment pattern |
| Revelation 8:8-9 | Sea turned to blood | Moses | Exodus 7:20-21 (first Egyptian plague: Nile to blood) | 바다의 삼분의 일이 피가 되고 |
| Revelation 8:10-11 | Star Wormwood, waters embittered | Moses | Exodus 15:23 (bitter waters at Marah); Jeremiah 9:15, 23:15 (wormwood as judgment) | 쑥 (wormwood) — symbolic bitterness of judgment |
| Revelation 8:12 | Darkening of sun, moon, stars | Moses | Exodus 10:21-23 (ninth Egyptian plague: darkness) | Continues Exodus-plague pattern |
| Revelation 9:1-11 | Locust army from the abyss | Joel, Moses | Joel 1:2-2:11 (locust army as divine judgment); Exodus 10:12-15 (eighth Egyptian plague: locusts) | 황충 — must be kept distinct from ordinary agricultural pest imagery; demonic-symbolic locusts under God’s sovereign permission (cf. 무저갱 note) |
| Revelation 9:20-21 | Persistent impenitence despite judgment | — | Deuteronomy 32:16-17 (idolatry, sacrificing to demons); Psalm 115:4-7 (idols that cannot see/hear/act) | 우상 숭배 — reinforces baseline idolatry caution, extends to Revelation 21:8/22:15 vice lists |
| Passage | Theme | Related Character | OT/NT Connection | Translation Sensitivity |
|---|
| Revelation 10:1-2 | Mighty angel with open scroll | Ezekiel, Daniel | Ezekiel 1:27-28 (rainbow/glory-appearance); Daniel 12:5-7 (angel over the waters) | 작은 두루마리 — low risk |
| Revelation 10:9-10 | Eating the scroll, sweet then bitter | Ezekiel | Ezekiel 2:8–3:3 (eating the scroll, “as sweet as honey”) | Direct allusion; prophetic commissioning motif — teach as the cost and joy of proclaiming God’s word |
| Revelation 10:11 | Renewed prophetic commission | — | Jeremiah 1:10 (“I appoint you over nations and kingdoms”) | 예언 — baseline term reused |
Revelation 11 — The Two Witnesses
| Passage | Theme | Related Character | OT/NT Connection | Translation Sensitivity |
|---|
| Revelation 11:1-2 | Measuring the temple | Ezekiel, Zechariah | Ezekiel 40–43 (temple-measuring vision); Zechariah 2:1-5 (measuring Jerusalem) | 성전 — sets up Revelation 21:22’s climactic resolution |
| Revelation 11:4 | Two witnesses as lampstands/olive trees | Zechariah | Zechariah 4:1-14 (two olive trees, two lampstands = Zerubbabel and Joshua) | 두 증인 — symbolic office of faithful prophetic witness; High risk per glossary #40 |
| Revelation 11:5-6 | Witnesses’ Elijah/Moses-like powers | Elijah, Moses | 1 Kings 17:1 (Elijah’s drought-word); Exodus 7:14-24 (Moses’ plagues, water to blood) | Compressed allusion to both great OT prophetic figures — teach as pattern-fulfillment, not literal reincarnation of Elijah/Moses (avoid any resonance with 환생) |
| Revelation 11:7 | The beast from the abyss | Daniel | Daniel 7:3-7,21 (beast making war on the saints) | 짐승 — first mention; full treatment at ch. 13 |
| Revelation 11:8 | The great city, symbolically Sodom/Egypt | — | Isaiah 1:9-10 (Jerusalem compared to Sodom); Genesis 19 (Sodom); Exodus (Egypt) | Symbolic naming convention — model for the book’s whole symbolic-interpretation method |
| Revelation 11:11 | Witnesses’ resurrection | Ezekiel | Ezekiel 37:5,10 (breath/spirit entering the dry bones, they stand up) | 생기가 그들 속에 들어가매 — reuses baseline 부활 resurrection caution |
| Revelation 11:15 | The kingdom of the world becomes our Lord’s | Daniel | Daniel 2:44, 7:14,27 (“his kingdom is an everlasting kingdom”); Exodus 15:18 (“The LORD will reign forever”); Psalm 2:2,6-8 | 세상 나라가 우리 주와 그의 그리스도의 나라가 되어 — High; present/settled declaration, must not be softened to future-only hope |
| Revelation 11:18 | Judgment and reward | — | Psalm 2:1,5 (“nations raged… he will speak to them in his wrath”) | 진노/상 — judgment-reward pairing |
Revelation 12 — The Woman, the Child, and the Dragon
| Passage | Theme | Related Character | OT/NT Connection | Translation Sensitivity |
|---|
| Revelation 12:1-2 | Woman clothed with the sun | Joseph, Israel | Genesis 37:9-10 (Joseph’s dream: sun, moon, eleven stars = Jacob’s family/Israel) | 해를 입은 여자 — symbolic corporate figure (the covenant people/Israel/Church), not Mary alone; teach carefully to avoid a Mariological reading imported from Korean Catholic tradition inconsistent with this Protestant package |
| Revelation 12:5 | The male child who will rule the nations | Christ, David | Psalm 2:9 (“rule them with a rod of iron”); Isaiah 66:7 (birth imagery) | 철장 — consistency with 2:27, 19:15 |
| Revelation 12:4,9 | The dragon and the ancient serpent | Satan | Genesis 3:1,14-15 (the serpent, and the protoevangelium promise of the woman’s seed crushing the serpent’s head) | CRITICAL: 용/옛 뱀 — this is Revelation’s explicit identification of Genesis 3’s serpent as the dragon-Satan figure; the entire book’s cosmic conflict is presented as the final resolution of Genesis 3:15. Must be taught against Korea’s strongly positive dragon symbolism (see glossary #43) |
| Revelation 12:7-9 | War in heaven, Michael | Michael, Daniel | Daniel 12:1 (Michael, the great prince who protects God’s people) | 미가엘 — proper name, low risk |
| Revelation 12:6,14 | Woman protected in the wilderness | — | Exodus 19:4 (“I bore you on eagles’ wings”); Daniel 7:25, 12:7 (“a time, times, and half a time”) | 광야/한 때와 두 때와 반 때 — symbolic time-period; model responsible non-literalistic reading |
| Revelation 12:10-11 | Accuser defeated; overcoming by the Lamb’s blood and testimony | Satan | Job 1:6-11, Zechariah 3:1 (Satan as accuser before God) | 참소하던 자/어린양의 피와… 증언하는 말씀으로 이겼으니 — High; central summary formula for “Perseverance and Faithful Witness,” must not be fragmented in translation |
Revelation 13 — The Two Beasts
| Passage | Theme | Related Character | OT/NT Connection | Translation Sensitivity |
|---|
| Revelation 13:1-2 | Beast from the sea, composite of Daniel’s four beasts | Daniel | Daniel 7:2-7 (lion, bear, leopard, and a terrifying fourth beast — sea-emerging empires) | 짐승 — composite imagery intensifies Daniel’s pattern; must retain full apocalyptic-political weight, not colloquial “beast/brute” flattening |
| Revelation 13:5-7 | Beast’s authority and blasphemy for 42 months | Daniel | Daniel 7:8,20-21,25 (the little horn’s boastful words and war on the saints, “time, times, and half a time”) | 마흔두 달 — matches Daniel’s “time, times, half a time” (=3.5 years); symbolic, bounded, God-limited period |
| Revelation 13:11-15 | Second beast/false prophet | — | Deuteronomy 13:1-3 (false prophets who perform signs to lead astray) | 거짓 선지자 — anticipates ch.19’s explicit naming; contrast with baseline’s 선지자 |
| Revelation 13:18 | Number of the beast, 666 | Solomon (ironic echo) | 1 Kings 10:14 (Solomon’s gold income, 666 talents — a possible ironic echo of worldly power falling short of God’s perfection) | 육백육십육 — model symbolic (gematria) reading; discourage speculative modern number-hunting |
Revelation 14 — The Lamb on Mount Zion and the Three Angels
| Passage | Theme | Related Character | OT/NT Connection | Translation Sensitivity |
|---|
| Revelation 14:1 | The Lamb and the 144,000 on Zion | David, Zion | Psalm 2:6 (“I have set my King on Zion”); Joel 2:32 (deliverance on Mount Zion) | 시온 산 — messianic-royal geography |
| Revelation 14:8 | Fall of Babylon announced | Isaiah, Jeremiah | Isaiah 21:9 (“Fallen, fallen is Babylon”); Jeremiah 51:8 | 큰 바벨론이 무너졌도다 — repeated at 18:2; render identically both times |
| Revelation 14:10 | Cup of God’s wrath | — | Psalm 75:8; Isaiah 51:17, Jeremiah 25:15-16 (cup of God’s wrath poured on nations) | 진노의 잔 — consistent wrath-vocabulary with 진노의 큰 날 (6:17) |
| Revelation 14:14-16 | Harvest of the earth | Joel | Joel 3:13 (“Put in the sickle, for the harvest is ripe”) | 추수 — judgment-harvest imagery |
| Revelation 14:19-20 | Winepress of God’s wrath | Isaiah | Isaiah 63:1-6 (the LORD treading the winepress of wrath alone) | 하나님의 진노의 포도주 틀 — divine-warrior imagery |
Revelation 15–16 — The Seven Bowls of Wrath
| Passage | Theme | Related Character | OT/NT Connection | Translation Sensitivity |
|---|
| Revelation 15:3-4 | Song of Moses and the Lamb | Moses | Exodus 15:1-18 (Song of the Sea, the first great deliverance song) | 모세의 노래와 어린양의 노래 — ties the final deliverance typologically to the Exodus, the pipeline’s foundational salvation-history pattern |
| Revelation 16:2 | Sores/boils on beast-worshipers | Moses | Exodus 9:8-11 (sixth Egyptian plague: boils) | Exodus-plague pattern continues in the bowls |
| Revelation 16:3-4 | Sea and rivers to blood | Moses | Exodus 7:17-21 | Parallels trumpet-plague at 8:8-9; consistent rendering |
| Revelation 16:10 | Darkness on the beast’s kingdom | Moses | Exodus 10:21-23 | Parallels trumpet-plague at 8:12 |
| Revelation 16:12 | Euphrates dried up | Isaiah, Jeremiah | Isaiah 11:15-16 (drying of the sea/river for a new exodus); Jeremiah 50:38, 51:36 (drying of Babylon’s waters, enabling Cyrus’s conquest) | 유브라데 강이 마르니 — new-exodus and fall-of-Babylon typology combined |
| Revelation 16:16 | Armageddon | — | Judges 4–5 (battle near Megiddo); 2 Kings 23:29-30 (Josiah’s death at Megiddo) | 아마겟돈 — symbolic site of final conflict; model non-literal-geographic reading |
Revelation 17–18 — Babylon the Great and Her Fall
| Passage | Theme | Related Character | OT/NT Connection | Translation Sensitivity |
|---|
| Revelation 17:1-5 | The great prostitute | Isaiah, Ezekiel, Nahum | Isaiah 23:15-17 (Tyre as a forgotten harlot); Ezekiel 16, 23 (Jerusalem/Samaria as adulterous wife — pattern here applied instead to the corrupt world-system); Nahum 3:4 (Nineveh’s harlotries) | 큰 음녀 — symbolic personification; structural contrast with 신부 (the Bride) at chs.19,21 |
| Revelation 17:14 | Lamb’s victory: King of kings, Lord of lords | Christ | Deuteronomy 10:17 (“God of gods and Lord of lords”); Daniel 2:47 | 만왕의 왕이요 만주의 주 — first occurrence; must render identically at 19:16 |
| Revelation 18:2 | Fall of Babylon repeated | Isaiah | Isaiah 21:9 (repeated from 14:8) | 무너졌도다 — must match 14:8 exactly |
| Revelation 18:4 | ”Come out of her, my people” | Isaiah, Jeremiah | Jeremiah 51:45 (“Go out from the midst of her, my people”); Isaiah 48:20, 52:11 | 내 백성아 그 성에서 나와 — call to covenant separation from idolatrous systems |
| Revelation 18:7-8 | Babylon’s self-exaltation and sudden judgment | Isaiah | Isaiah 47:7-9 (Babylon’s boast “I am, and there is no one besides me,” and sudden judgment) | 교만/재앙 — hubris-judgment pattern |
| Revelation 18:11-19 | Merchants’ lament over lost cargo | Ezekiel | Ezekiel 27:12-36 (lament over Tyre’s trade goods and downfall) | 상품 목록 — extensive trade-goods list; low doctrinal risk, comprehension note only |
| Revelation 18:20-24 | Rejoicing over Babylon’s judgment; blood of the saints avenged | — | Jeremiah 51:48-49 (heaven and earth rejoice over Babylon’s fall); Deuteronomy 32:43 (avenging the blood of his servants) | 성도들과 선지자들과 죽임을 당한 모든 자의 피 — ties directly to vindication doctrine |
Revelation 19 — The Marriage Supper of the Lamb and the Rider on the White Horse
| Passage | Theme | Related Character | OT/NT Connection | Translation Sensitivity |
|---|
| Revelation 19:1-6 | Hallelujah, God’s judgment and reign | — | Psalm 104:35, 106:1, 111:1 (Hebrew “Hallelu-Yah” psalms) | 할렐루야 — established transliteration; only NT occurrences, all in this chapter |
| Revelation 19:7-9 | Marriage supper of the Lamb | — | Isaiah 25:6 (feast on the mountain for all peoples); Isaiah 54:5, 62:5 (the LORD as bridegroom/husband); Hosea 2:19-20 (betrothal in righteousness) | 어린양의 혼인 잔치 — High; direct parallel to Ephesians 5:25-27 (Christ and the Church as bridegroom/bride) and to Matthew 22:1-14, 25:1-13 (wedding-feast parables); render 혼인 잔치 consistently across all curriculum books using this image |
| Revelation 19:11-13 | Rider on the white horse, robe dipped in blood | Christ | Isaiah 63:1-3 (garments stained crimson from treading judgment); Psalm 45:3-5 (the victorious king) | 피 뿌린 옷 — divine-warrior/judgment imagery, not to be confused with the Lamb’s own sacrificial blood (7:14) — teach the distinction clearly |
| Revelation 19:15 | Sword from his mouth, rod of iron | Christ | Isaiah 11:4 (“with the breath of his lips he shall kill the wicked”); Isaiah 49:2; Psalm 2:9 | 입에서 나오는 검/철장 — consistent with 1:16, 2:27, 12:5 |
| Revelation 19:16 | King of kings and Lord of lords | Christ | Deuteronomy 10:17; Daniel 2:47 (repeated from 17:14) | CRITICAL: 만왕의 왕이요 만주의 주 — must render identically to 17:14; extends baseline’s Critical 주님 term to its most emphatic superlative form |
| Revelation 19:17-18,21 | Great supper of God (birds feasting on the slain) | Ezekiel | Ezekiel 39:17-20 (invitation to birds and beasts to feast on the slain after Gog’s defeat) | 하나님의 큰 잔치 — deliberate grim counter-image to the marriage supper (v.9); teach the literary contrast intentionally, not as confusion between the two “suppers” |
| Revelation 19:20 | The beast and false prophet cast into the lake of fire | Daniel | Daniel 7:11 (the beast’s body destroyed and given to the burning fire) | 불과 유황 못 — first mention; ties to core-passage 21:8 |
Revelation 20 — The Millennium and the Great White Throne Judgment
| Passage | Theme | Related Character | OT/NT Connection | Translation Sensitivity |
|---|
| Revelation 20:1-3 | Satan bound in the abyss | — | Isaiah 24:21-22 (“shut up in a prison… after many days they will be punished”) | 무저갱에 가두어 잠그고 인봉하니 — sovereignty over the demonic realm |
| Revelation 20:4 | Reigning with Christ; souls of the beheaded | Daniel | Daniel 7:9,22,27 (“the court sat in judgment… the saints… received the kingdom”) | 그리스도와 더불어 천 년 동안 왕 노릇 하니 — ties to Daniel’s saints-receive-the-kingdom vision |
| Revelation 20:8 | Gog and Magog | Ezekiel | Ezekiel 38–39 (Gog of Magog’s end-time assault against God’s people, decisively defeated) | 곡과 마곡 — symbolic OT names applied typologically to the final rebellion, not a specific ethnic-geographic identification for modern nations |
| Revelation 20:9 | Fire from heaven consumes the enemy | Ezekiel | Ezekiel 38:22 (“I will rain… fire and sulfur”); 2 Kings 1:10 (fire from heaven, Elijah) | 하늘에서 불이 내려와 |
| Revelation 20:11-12 | Great white throne judgment; books opened | Daniel | Daniel 7:9-10 (“the court sat in judgment, and the books were opened”) | CRITICAL: 크고 흰 보좌/책들을 펴놓고 — direct Danielic throne-and-books pattern; must be clearly distinguished from Korean Buddhist 염라대왕/시왕 karmic-tribunal cosmology (see glossary) |
| Revelation 20:12,15 | Book of Life | Moses, David, Daniel | Exodus 32:32-33 (Moses’ intercession, “blot me out of your book”); Psalm 69:28; Daniel 12:1 | 생명책 — records those united to Christ by faith, not accumulated karmic merit |
| Revelation 20:13 | Sea gives up its dead | Isaiah | Isaiah 26:19 (“your dead shall live… the earth will give birth to the dead”) | 바다가 그 가운데서 죽은 자들을 내주고 — resurrection typology, reuses baseline 부활 caution |
Revelation 21 — The New Heaven and New Earth (core passage vv.1–8; see Part 1 of the Semantic Analysis for full verse-by-verse treatment; additional vv.9–27 below)
| Passage | Theme | Related Character | OT/NT Connection | Translation Sensitivity |
|---|
| Revelation 21:1 | New heaven and new earth | Isaiah | Isaiah 65:17, 66:22 (“I create new heavens and a new earth”) | CRITICAL cross-curriculum link: identical concept and near-identical wording appears at 2 Peter 3:13 (“new heavens and a new earth”); render 새 하늘과 새 땅 identically in both books |
| Revelation 21:1 | No more sea | — | Symbolic resolution of the sea as source of chaos/the beast (13:1); cf. Daniel 7:2-3 (beasts rising from a chaotic sea) | 바다도 다시 있지 않더라 — must be taught with reference back to Daniel 7 and Revelation 13, not as a literal geographic claim |
| Revelation 21:2 | Holy city, New Jerusalem, descending as a bride | Isaiah, Ezekiel | Isaiah 52:1 (“Awake… O holy city”); Ezekiel 40–48 (new temple-city vision); Isaiah 61:10, 62:5 (bride imagery) | Direct cross-curriculum parallel: Galatians 4:26 (“the Jerusalem above is free, and she is our mother”) — render 위에 있는 예루살렘 (Galatians) and 새 예루살렘 (Revelation) so the conceptual link is recoverable in teaching notes, even though the Greek terms differ |
| Revelation 21:3 | God’s dwelling with his people (tabernacle formula) | Moses, Ezekiel | Leviticus 26:11-12 (“I will make my dwelling among you… I will walk among you”); Ezekiel 37:27; Zechariah 2:10-11 | 하나님이 그들과 함께 계셔 — the OT covenant “dwelling formula,” fulfilled climactically; cross-reference Hebrews 12:22-24 (heavenly Jerusalem, another curriculum book) |
| Revelation 21:4 | No more tears, death, mourning | Isaiah | Isaiah 25:8 (“he will swallow up death forever… wipe away tears from all faces”) | Direct fulfillment quotation; must match Revelation 7:17’s identical promise-language |
| Revelation 21:5 | ”I am making all things new” | Isaiah | Isaiah 43:18-19 (“Behold, I am doing a new thing”); Isaiah 65:17 | Cross-curriculum consistency: 2 Corinthians 5:17’s καινὴ κτίσις (“new creation”) shares the same καινός root; teach the conceptual continuity even where Korean renderings differ (새 창조 vs. 새롭게 하다) |
| Revelation 21:6 | Alpha and Omega; water of life freely | Isaiah | Isaiah 44:6; Isaiah 55:1 (“come, buy wine and milk without money and without price”) | 값없이 — direct echo of Isaiah 55:1’s “without money, without price”; also echoes baseline’s Critical 은혜 (grace) doctrine — must retain the non-transactional, anti-기복신앙 emphasis |
| Revelation 21:7 | Overcomer inherits; sonship formula | David, Nathan | 2 Samuel 7:14 (“I will be to him a father, and he shall be to me a son” — the Davidic covenant sonship formula); Psalm 89:26-27 | 내가 그의 하나님이 되고 그는 내 아들이 되리라 — direct quotation of the Davidic covenant formula, now universalized to all overcomers; ties to baseline’s 양자 (adoption) doctrine |
| Revelation 21:8 | Vice list, second death | Deuteronomy | Deuteronomy 32:32-35 (divine judgment on covenant-breakers) | Direct cross-curriculum parallel: nearly identical vice-list structure in Romans 1:29-31, 1 Corinthians 6:9-10, Galatians 5:19-21; render individual vice-terms (음행하는 자들, 우상 숭배자들, 살인자들, 거짓말하는 자들) identically wherever they recur across these curriculum books |
| Revelation 21:11-21 | City’s radiance and jeweled foundations | Exodus, Isaiah | Exodus 28:17-20 (twelve stones of the priestly breastplate); Isaiah 54:11-12 (foundations of sapphires, gates of jewels) | 보석/기초석 — priestly and covenant-people symbolism combined; low doctrinal risk, rich typological teaching opportunity |
| Revelation 21:12-14 | Twelve gates (tribes), twelve foundations (apostles) | Ezekiel, the Twelve Apostles | Ezekiel 48:30-35 (gates named for the twelve tribes) | 열두 문/열두 기초석 — architectural union of OT Israel and NT Church; extends “Unity of Jews and Gentiles” |
| Revelation 21:22 | No temple — God and the Lamb are its temple | Ezekiel | Ezekiel 37:26-28 (God’s sanctuary in the midst of his people forever) | Cross-curriculum link: Hebrews 9 (earthly tabernacle as a copy of heavenly realities) — this is the final, unmediated fulfillment those types anticipated |
| Revelation 21:23-24 | The Lamb as the city’s light; nations walk by it | Isaiah | Isaiah 60:1-3,19-20 (“the LORD will be your everlasting light”); kings bring their glory (Isaiah 60:5-11) | 어린양이 그 등불이 되심이라 — universal-nations fulfillment; consistent with 7:9’s multi-ethnic vision |
| Revelation 21:27 | Nothing unclean shall enter | Isaiah, Ezekiel | Isaiah 52:1 (“the uncircumcised and the unclean shall enter you no more”); Ezekiel 44:9 | 속된 것은 결코 그 성에 들어가지 못하되 — moral, not ritual, purity requirement |
Revelation 22 — The River of Life and the Epilogue
| Passage | Theme | Related Character | OT/NT Connection | Translation Sensitivity |
|---|
| Revelation 22:1-2 | River of the water of life; tree of life | Ezekiel, Genesis, Zechariah | Ezekiel 47:1-12 (river flowing from the temple, trees for healing); Genesis 2:9-10 (river from Eden); Zechariah 14:8 (living waters flowing from Jerusalem) | 생명수의 강/생명나무 — Eden restored and Ezekiel’s temple-vision fulfilled together; low-medium risk re: immortality-elixir folklore |
| Revelation 22:3 | No more curse | Genesis | Genesis 3:17-19 (the ground cursed because of Adam’s sin) | 다시 저주가 없으며 — direct reversal of the Genesis Fall-curse; foundational for “Assurance of God’s Final Victory over Evil” |
| Revelation 22:4 | They will see his face | Moses | Exodus 33:20 (“you cannot see my face, for man shall not see me and live”) — now reversed | 그의 얼굴을 볼 것이요 — must be taught as the dramatic reversal of Exodus 33:20’s prohibition; a major cross-reference for the doctrine of consummated fellowship with God |
| Revelation 22:5 | No more night; the Lord God gives light | Isaiah | Isaiah 60:19-20 (repeated from 21:23-25) | 다시 밤이 없겠고 — consistency with ch.21 |
| Revelation 22:12 | ”I am coming soon,” reward according to deeds | Isaiah | Isaiah 40:10, 62:11 (“his reward is with him”) | 내가 속히 오리니/각 사람에게 그 행한 대로 갚아 주리라 — reward-according-to-works language must be taught alongside (not against) baseline’s grace/faith doctrine — reward reflects a life of faith already secured by grace, not a separate earning system |
| Revelation 22:13 | Alpha and Omega, first and last, beginning and end | Isaiah | Isaiah 44:6, 48:12 (repeated formula) | Must render identically to 1:8 and 21:6 |
| Revelation 22:14-15 | Blessed robe-washers; excluded vice list (dogs, sorcerers, etc.) | Deuteronomy | Deuteronomy 23:18 (“dog” as a term for a male cult-prostitute); repeated vice-list pattern from 21:8 | 개들과 술객들과… — must render 술객 (sorcerers) with the same CRITICAL pastoral caution as 21:8 |
| Revelation 22:16 | Root and descendant of David, bright morning star | Numbers, Isaiah | Numbers 24:17 (“a star shall come out of Jacob”); Isaiah 11:1,10 (root of Jesse) | 다윗의 뿌리요 자손 — consistency with 5:5, 3:7 |
| Revelation 22:17 | Spirit and Bride say, “Come”; invitation to the thirsty | Isaiah | Isaiah 55:1 (“Come, everyone who thirsts”) | 성령과 신부가… 오라 — combines Critical 성령 with 신부; Spirit remains fully personal, never a shamanistic-invocation framing |
| Revelation 22:18-19 | Canon-integrity warning | Deuteronomy | Deuteronomy 4:2, 12:32 (“You shall not add to the word… or take from it”) | 이 예언의 말씀에 더하거나 제하여 버리면 — direct echo of the Deuteronomic covenant-document formula; reinforces the book’s closed, authoritative prophetic status against divinatory/folk-prophetic reinterpretation (cf. 정감록 caution) |
| Revelation 22:21 | Closing grace benediction | — | Standard NT epistolary benediction form (cf. Romans 16:20, and closings throughout the curriculum’s epistles) | 주 예수의 은혜가 모든 자들에게 있을지어다 — reuses baseline Critical 은혜 term; consistent with all curriculum epistle-closing benedictions |
PART 2 — Messianic References Summary
| Revelation reference | OT source(s) | Messianic theme | Korean rendering (established) |
|---|
| 1:5, 3:14 | Psalm 89:27,37; Isaiah 65:16 | Faithful witness, firstborn | 신실하고 참되신 증인 |
| 1:7 | Daniel 7:13; Zechariah 12:10 | Visible, universal return | (see John 19:37 for consistency) |
| 1:13-16 | Daniel 7:9-10, 10:5-6 | Glorified Son of Man | 인자 |
| 2:27, 12:5, 19:15 | Psalm 2:9 | Messianic rule, rod of iron | 철장 |
| 3:7 | Isaiah 22:22 | Davidic authority, key of David | 다윗의 열쇠 |
| 5:5 | Genesis 49:9-10; Isaiah 11:1,10 | Lion of Judah, Root of Jesse/David | 유다 지파의 사자, 다윗의 뿌리 |
| 5:6, 5:9-13 | Isaiah 53:7; Exodus 12 | Slain, worshiped Lamb | 어린양 |
| 12:5 | Psalm 2:9; Isaiah 66:7 | Messianic child ruling the nations | 철장으로 만국을 다스릴 남자 |
| 19:11-16 | Isaiah 11:4, 63:1-3; Psalm 45:3-5 | Conquering divine warrior-king | 만왕의 왕이요 만주의 주 |
| 22:16 | Numbers 24:17; Isaiah 11:1,10 | Star out of Jacob, Root of David | 다윗의 뿌리요 자손, 광명한 새벽 별 |
Rendering-consistency rule: every messianic title above must be rendered identically wherever it recurs within Revelation, and cross-checked against any Gospel or epistle curriculum occurrence of the same OT source text (e.g., Psalm 2:9’s citation elsewhere in Acts 4:25-26; Isaiah 11 in Romans 15:12, already present in the Romans baseline under seed_of_david).
PART 3 — Typological Patterns Across the Book
| Type | OT root | Revelation development | Consummation passage | Korean sensitivity |
|---|
| Exodus/Passover deliverance | Exodus 1–15 | Trumpet and bowl plagues mirror the ten plagues; Song of Moses (15:3-4); Lamb’s blood (5:6, 7:14) | Revelation 15:3-4; 21:1-8 (new, final deliverance) | Must be taught as escalated fulfillment of the Exodus pattern, the foundational salvation-history narrative already assumed by baseline’s 구원/언약 terms |
| Eden / Tree and River of Life | Genesis 2–3 | Tree of life barred (Genesis 3:22-24) → offered again to overcomers (2:7) → restored fully (22:2); river from Eden (Genesis 2:10) → river of life (22:1) | Revelation 22:1-3 | Restoration/consummation of the original created order, not escape into a disconnected immaterial realm (contra Buddhist 극락) |
| Tabernacle/Temple presence | Exodus 25–40; 1 Kings 6–8; Ezekiel 40–48 | Temple measured (11:1-2) → heavenly temple scenes throughout (4–16) → “no temple” because God/Lamb ARE the temple (21:22) | Revelation 21:3, 21:22 | Direct, unmediated presence fulfilling every prior mediated-access structure; extends baseline’s caution against 당집/절 framing |
| Davidic kingship | 2 Samuel 7; Psalm 2; Isaiah 9, 11 | Lion of Judah/Root of David (5:5); key of David (3:7); rod of iron (2:27, 12:5, 19:15); King of kings (19:16) | Revelation 20:4-6 (reigning with Christ); 22:16 | Extends baseline’s “Davidic Covenant” doctrine to its consummation; must retain full historical-covenantal weight, not generic “great king” language |
| Day of the LORD / Divine Warrior | Isaiah 2, 13, 34; Joel 2-3; Zephaniah 1 | Seals’ cosmic upheaval (6:12-17); trumpets/bowls as escalating Day-of-the-LORD judgments; the divine warrior on the white horse (19:11-21) | Revelation 19:11-21; 20:11-15 | Judgment is righteous and just, executed by the one true God/Christ — not equivalent to karmic cosmic mechanism (cf. 염라대왕/시왕 caution) |
| Bride/Marriage covenant | Hosea 1-3; Isaiah 54:5, 62:5; Ezekiel 16 (negative counter-type) | Corrupt Babylon-as-prostitute (17–18, negative counter-type) vs. the Church as prepared Bride (19:7-9; 21:2,9) | Revelation 19:7-9; 21:2,9; 22:17 | Structural OT contrast (faithful bride vs. adulterous wife) fully resolved; extends baseline’s caution on Confucian arranged-marriage framing for 신부 |
| Covenant document integrity | Deuteronomy 4:2; 12:32 | ”Do not add or take away” (22:18-19) | Revelation 22:18-19 | Positions Revelation as the closed capstone of the whole canon of Scripture, guarding against divinatory reinterpretation traditions (정감록) |
PART 4 — Cross-Curriculum Parallels and Rendering-Consistency Rules
This section identifies passages in other curriculum books (with priority on Romans, the baseline anchor) that share vocabulary, quotations, or theological formulas with Revelation. Rule: wherever the same Greek term or OT source-quotation recurs across curriculum books, the Korean rendering must be identical, per the baseline’s “Theological Consistency Rules Across Documents.”
| Revelation passage | Parallel curriculum passage(s) | Shared term/formula | Rendering-consistency rule |
|---|
| Revelation 21:8; 22:15 | Romans 1:29-31; 1 Corinthians 6:9-10; Galatians 5:19-21 | Vice lists (idolaters, sexually immoral, murderers, liars, etc.) | Render 우상 숭배자들, 음행하는 자들, 살인자들, 거짓말하는 자들 identically across all these passages in all curriculum books |
| Revelation 21:1 | 2 Peter 3:13 | ”New heavens and a new earth” | Render 새 하늘과 새 땅 identically in both books; this is a near-verbatim shared quotation of Isaiah 65:17 |
| Revelation 21:2,9-10; 19:7-9 | Ephesians 5:25-27 | Church as Christ’s bride, prepared/sanctified | Render 신부 consistently; Ephesians’ “washing of water by the word” (5:26) and Revelation’s “washed… in the blood of the Lamb” (7:14) should be taught as complementary, not conflicting, images of the same cleansing |
| Revelation 21:2 | Galatians 4:26 | ”Jerusalem above” / “New Jerusalem” | Note the conceptual link between 위에 있는 예루살렘 (Galatians) and 새 예루살렘 (Revelation) in teaching materials, even though exact Greek phrasing differs |
| Revelation 21:3-4 | Romans 8:18-25 | Creation’s groaning and future glory/renewal | Teach as the fulfillment Paul anticipates: Romans’ “the creation waits in eager expectation” finds its answer in Revelation’s new-creation vision |
| Revelation 21:4 | 1 Corinthians 15:26,54-55 | ”Death is swallowed up”/“death shall be no more” | Render 사망이 다시 있지 않고 consistently; both passages proclaim death’s final defeat, grounding the same “Assurance” doctrine |
| Revelation 20:4-6 | 1 Corinthians 15:20-28 | Resurrection order and Christ’s reign until all enemies are subdued | Consistent 부활 rendering; teach 20:4-6’s “first resurrection” alongside 1 Corinthians 15’s resurrection-order logic |
| Revelation 2:10 | James 1:12 | ”Crown of life” (ὁ στέφανος τῆς ζωῆς) — a direct, near-verbatim shared phrase | MUST render 생명의 면류관 identically in both Revelation 2:10 and James 1:12; this is one of the strongest direct verbal parallels in the entire curriculum set |
| Revelation 1:6; 5:10; 20:6 | 1 Peter 2:9 | ”Kingdom of priests” / “royal priesthood,” both rooted in Exodus 19:6 | Render 나라와 제사장 (Revelation) and 왕 같은 제사장 (1 Peter) with a shared teaching note tracing both to Exodus 19:6; both must be taught as direct, unmediated access to God through Christ, resisting the mudang/jesa ritual-intermediary collision flagged in the semantic analysis |
| Revelation 1:9; 2:2-3,19; 3:10; 13:10; 14:12 | James 1:2-4; 1 Peter 1:6-7; Hebrews 12:1-3 | ὑπομονή (endurance/perseverance) under trial | Render 인내 consistently across all these books; distinguish uniformly from Confucian 인고 (stoic endurance) in every occurrence |
| Revelation 13; 19:20; 20:10 | 2 Thessalonians 2:3-10 | The beast/false prophet and “the man of lawlessness” | Teach as parallel end-time opposition figures; ensure 적그리스도-adjacent language (drawing also on 1 John 2:18,22; 4:3) is applied consistently across 2 Thessalonians, 1 John, and Revelation |
| Revelation 22:18-19 | 1 John 4:1-3 | Testing/guarding true doctrine against deception | Shared concern for doctrinal integrity; no shared vocabulary requiring identical rendering, but consistent teaching emphasis |
| Revelation 21:22 | Hebrews 9:1-14, 23-24; 8:1-5 | Earthly tabernacle/temple as a copy of heavenly realities, now finally unmediated | Teach Revelation 21:22 as the terminus of Hebrews’ tabernacle-typology argument |
| Revelation 19:16; 17:14 | Colossians 1:15-18 | Christ’s supreme, unrivaled lordship over all powers | Render 만왕의 왕이요 만주의 주 (Revelation) alongside Colossians’ “supremacy” language (으뜸/머리 되심) as complementary expressions of the same exclusive Christological claim |
| Revelation 12:11 | Philippians 1:20-21; 2 Timothy 4:6-8 | Faithfulness unto death as victory, not defeat | Consistent teaching emphasis on 순교자/이기는 자 vocabulary across these books |
| Revelation 4:8 | Isaiah 6:3 (shared OT source with no NT-curriculum parallel but foundational to worship theology across the whole curriculum) | Trisagion | Render 거룩하다 거룩하다 거룩하다 identically wherever quoted |
| Revelation 22:21 | Romans 16:20; and closing benedictions throughout the curriculum’s epistles | Grace-benediction closing formula | Render 은혜가… 있을지어다 formula consistently across all curriculum epistle closings, per baseline’s Critical 은혜 enforcement |
Summary Observation
Revelation’s OT dependence is almost entirely allusive rather than quotation-formula-marked, requiring translators to recognize typological patterns (Exodus/Passover, Eden, Tabernacle/Temple, Davidic kingship, Day of the LORD, Bride/marriage-covenant) rather than isolated proof-texts. The book functions as the canon’s capstone, resolving Genesis 3’s protoevangelium (12:9), Isaiah’s new-creation hope (21:1), Ezekiel’s temple-and-river visions (21:22, 22:1-2), and the Davidic covenant’s sonship formula (21:7) — while also sharing direct verbal and conceptual DNA with multiple curriculum books beyond Romans, most notably James 1:12 (crown of life, verbatim), 2 Peter 3:13 (new heavens/new earth, verbatim), 1 Peter 2:9 (royal priesthood), and the vice-list tradition shared with Romans 1, 1 Corinthians 6, and Galatians 5. All rendering-consistency rules above must be loaded alongside translation_memory.json and 08_core_glossary.md before Phase 2 processing of any curriculum book sharing these parallel passages.