07 Semantic Analysis — 1 Corinthians (English → German)

Methodology

This analysis follows the baseline Romans Language Package’s German conventions exactly. Where a term already carries an established rendering in translation_memory.json (e.g. Evangelium, Gnade, Glaube, Gemeinde, Auferstehung, Herr, Heilige, heilig, Heiligung, Gnadengaben, Fleisch, Gesetz, Sünde, Geheimnis, Weissagung, Haupt, Kraft Gottes, Berufung/berufen, Erwählung, Gemeinschaft), that rendering is reused without alteration and simply cross-referenced. Every genuinely new term introduced by 1 Corinthians receives full treatment (Greek original, transliteration, literal meaning, semantic range, English variants, contextual theological meaning, destination-language rendering risk) and a risk tier consistent with the baseline’s Critical/High/Medium/Low framework, with German-specific reasoning wherever the term collides with German ecclesial, cultural, political, or philosophical history.

The core passage, 1 Corinthians 15:1-11, receives full verse-by-verse treatment. Every other chapter (1-14, 15:12-58, 16) receives chapter-level treatment of its load-bearing theological vocabulary. Chapters contributing no new terms explicitly say so.

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CORE PASSAGE: 1 Corinthians 15:1-11 — Verse by Verse

Verse 1 — “Now I would remind you, brothers, of the gospel I preached to you, which you received, in which you stand”

Term	Greek / Transliteration	Literal Meaning	Semantic Range	English Variants	Theological Meaning in Context	German Rendering & Risk
gospel	εὐαγγέλιον / euangelion	good news, glad tidings	authoritative royal/military announcement of victory; NT: the message of Christ’s saving work	gospel, good news	Paul is about to restate the fixed, received core of the gospel message itself — the term anchors the entire chapter’s argument	Evangelium (baseline TM, reused exactly). Low risk per baseline; the accompanying content (vv.3-5) is what carries the real weight here.
received	παρελάβετε / parelabete	took over, accepted (a handed-down tradition)	technical term (with paradidōmi, v.3) for formal transmission of authoritative teaching, rabbinic/Hellenistic pattern	received, accepted	Signals that the gospel content in vv.3-5 is fixed apostolic tradition, not Paul’s private opinion	empfangen/angenommen (übernommen). Medium risk: German readers may miss the technical transmission-formula pairing with v.3’s “delivered” (paredōka/überliefert) unless both are rendered with matching technical-transmission vocabulary. Flag for native speaker review to preserve the paired-verb structure.
stand	ἑστήκατε / hestēkate	to stand, stand firm	perfect tense: a settled, abiding position	stand, stand firm, hold your ground	The Corinthians’ present standing rests on this received gospel	steht (fest steht). Low risk.

Verse 2 — “and by which you are being saved, if you hold fast to the word I preached to you—unless you believed in vain”

Term	Greek / Transliteration	Literal Meaning	Semantic Range	English Variants	Theological Meaning in Context	German Rendering & Risk
being saved	σῴζεσθε / sōzesthe	are being saved	present passive; ongoing process with a settled beginning, not repeated re-salvation	are saved, are being saved	Salvation is a present, continuing reality grounded in the gospel just named, not merely a past decision or a future hope only	werdet gerettet (reuse baseline Rettung root, salvation doctrine). High risk per baseline’s existing German-specific caution: “Heil” remains avoided per the Romans baseline rule; “Rettung” preferred here. The present-passive aspect (“werdet… gerettet”, ongoing) must not be flattened into a single past event (“wurdet gerettet”) nor into a this-worldly wellness reading.
hold fast	κατέχετε / katechete	hold down, hold firmly, retain	to keep possession of, retain against loss	hold fast, hold firmly, retain	Perseverance in the received gospel content, not a new act of merit	festhaltet. Low risk.
believed in vain	εἰκῇ ἐπιστεύσατε / eikē episteusate	believed for nothing, believed to no purpose	eikē = without cause, purposelessly; qualifies the possibility (not certainty) of an empty faith	believed in vain, believed for nothing	A conditional warning, not a statement that any Corinthian’s faith is in fact empty; ties to the chapter’s argument that a faith with no resurrection has no content	vergeblich geglaubt. Medium risk: must preserve the conditional, warning register rather than reading as a settled accusation.

Verse 3 — “For I delivered to you as of first importance what I also received: that Christ died for our sins in accordance with the Scriptures”

Term	Greek / Transliteration	Literal Meaning	Semantic Range	English Variants	Theological Meaning in Context	German Rendering & Risk
delivered	παρέδωκα / paredōka	handed over, transmitted	technical term for passing on fixed authoritative tradition (paired with parelabon, “received”)	delivered, handed down, passed on	Establishes that vv.3-5 is pre-Pauline, primitive Christian confessional material Paul himself received — among the earliest attested Christian creedal statements	überliefert (weitergegeben). High risk: must be rendered with technical-transmission force parallel to v.1’s parelabete, so German readers perceive the fixed-creed structure Paul is quoting, not Paul’s own improvisation.
of first importance	ἐν πρώτοις / en prōtois	among the first things, first in rank	primacy of importance, not necessarily chronological firstness	of first importance, as of first importance, first of all	Marks vv.3-5 as the very core of the gospel, not one item among many	an erster Stelle / vor allem. Low risk.
Christ	Χριστός / Christos	Anointed One	title/name; the Messiah	Christ	Reuses established Christological title	Christus (baseline TM, reused). Low risk.
died for our sins	ἀπέθανεν ὑπὲρ τῶν ἁμαρτιῶν ἡμῶν / apethanen hyper tōn hamartiōn hēmōn	died on behalf of/for our sins	hyper = “for the sake of, on behalf of, instead of” — substitutionary/vicarious force	died for our sins	Vicarious, substitutionary atonement — Christ’s death addresses the guilt of sin directly	starb für unsere Sünden (reuse baseline Sünde, Medium risk term). Critical risk for the whole clause: the substitutionary force of hyper must not be flattened into a merely exemplary or sympathetic death (“starb wegen unserer Sünden” would weaken this); German “für” preserves the substitutionary sense adequately when paired with explicit exposition.
according to the Scriptures	κατὰ τὰς γραφάς / kata tas graphas	according to the writings	conformity to a body of authoritative written text (OT)	according to the Scriptures, as the Scriptures said	Grounds the gospel in OT prophetic fulfillment (esp. Isaiah 53), continuing the Romans baseline’s fulfillment_of_prophecy doctrine	nach der Schrift. Medium risk: requires OT background exposition given low OT literacy across all German audience segments per the baseline’s standing note.

Verse 4 — “that he was buried, that he was raised on the third day in accordance with the Scriptures”

Term	Greek / Transliteration	Literal Meaning	Semantic Range	English Variants	Theological Meaning in Context	German Rendering & Risk
buried	ἐτάφη / etaphē	was buried, was entombed	concrete, historical burial act	was buried	Confirms the real, physical death — no docetic escape clause	wurde begraben. Low risk.
raised	ἐγήγερται / egēgertai	has been raised (perfect tense)	perfect tense: a completed past act with a continuing, present result — he remains risen	was raised, rose, has risen	The heart of the confession: bodily, historical, once-for-all resurrection with abiding present force, continuing the Romans baseline’s resurrection_of_christ doctrine	ist auferstanden / ist auferweckt worden (baseline TM Auferstehung root, reused). Critical risk: the perfect tense’s abiding-result force must be preserved — German “ist auferstanden” (present-perfect construction) naturally carries this better than a simple past “auferstand,” and should be preferred throughout this passage for consistency with the resurrection-of-believers argument later in the chapter.
third day	τῇ ἡμέρᾳ τῇ τρίτῃ / tē hēmera tē tritē	on the third day	specific, historically-anchored time reference	on the third day	Fulfills OT typology (e.g. Hosea 6:2, Jonah); anchors resurrection in real chronological history, not myth	am dritten Tag. Low risk.
according to the Scriptures	κατὰ τὰς γραφάς	(as above)	(as above)	(as above)	Second occurrence in two verses — deliberate emphasis that both death and resurrection fulfill Scripture	nach der Schrift. Medium risk (see v.3).

Verse 5 — “and that he appeared to Cephas, then to the twelve”

Term	Greek / Transliteration	Literal Meaning	Semantic Range	English Variants	Theological Meaning in Context	German Rendering & Risk
appeared	ὤφθη / ōphthē	was seen, appeared	passive of horaō; a technical term in the NT specifically for resurrection appearances (not ordinary sight)	appeared, was seen	Marks a real, objective, verifiable post-resurrection encounter, not a subjective vision or inner experience	erschien (ist erschienen). High risk: must retain the sense of an objective, witnessed appearance; risk of collapsing into a subjective “he seemed to see” if rendered too loosely — German “erschien” carries adequate objective force when the eyewitness list (vv.5-8) is kept explicit.
Cephas	Κηφᾷ / Kēpha	Peter’s Aramaic name (“rock”)	proper name	Cephas, Peter	Names the first individual eyewitness	Kephas (established German Bible form; cross-referenced as Petrus). Low risk.
the twelve	τοῖς δώδεκα / tois dōdeka	to the twelve	the twelve apostles as a fixed group/office, even though Judas was no longer among them at this point	the twelve, the Twelve	Establishes a formal, corporate apostolic witness alongside the individual one	den Zwölfen. Low risk.

Verse 6 — “Then he appeared to more than five hundred brothers at one time, most of whom are still alive, though some have fallen asleep”

Term	Greek / Transliteration	Literal Meaning	Semantic Range	English Variants	Theological Meaning in Context	German Rendering & Risk
five hundred brothers	πεντακοσίοις ἀδελφοῖς / pentakosiois adelphois	five hundred brothers	a large, specific, checkable number of witnesses	five hundred brothers, five hundred people	Paul offers a verifiable mass eyewitness event, most still living at time of writing — an apologetic, historical claim	fünfhundert Brüdern. Low risk.
fallen asleep	ἐκοιμήθησαν / ekoimēthēsan	fell asleep, have fallen asleep	standard NT euphemism for the death of believers, carrying resurrection hope (sleep implies waking)	fallen asleep, died	Death is reframed as sleep precisely because resurrection is certain — the euphemism itself is theologically loaded	sind entschlafen. Medium risk: “entschlafen” is the traditional German ecclesial euphemism (still used in obituaries/funeral liturgy) and should be preferred over a flat “gestorben,” which would lose the resurrection-hope connotation embedded in the euphemism.

Verse 7 — “Then he appeared to James, then to all the apostles”

Term	Greek / Transliteration	Literal Meaning	Semantic Range	English Variants	Theological Meaning in Context	German Rendering & Risk
James	Ἰακώβῳ / Iakōbō	James	proper name — the Lord’s brother, later Jerusalem church leader	James	A named, prominent, checkable witness distinct from the Twelve	Jakobus (established German Bible form). Low risk.
all the apostles	τοῖς ἀποστόλοις πᾶσιν / tois apostolois pasin	to all the apostles	a broader circle than “the Twelve” (v.5), including others recognized as apostles	all the apostles	Widens the apostolic witness circle in preparation for Paul’s own inclusion in v.8-9	allen Aposteln (baseline TM Apostel, reused). Low risk.

Verse 8 — “Last of all, as to one untimely born, he appeared also to me”

Term	Greek / Transliteration	Literal Meaning	Semantic Range	English Variants	Theological Meaning in Context	German Rendering & Risk
last of all	ἔσχατον δὲ πάντων / eschaton de pantōn	last of all	final position in the sequence of appearances	last of all, finally	Marks the closing and, chronologically, latest of the resurrection appearances	zuletzt von allen. Low risk.
untimely born / one untimely born	τῷ ἐκτρώματι / tō ektrōmati	miscarriage, stillbirth, abnormally/prematurely born one	a self-deprecating, even shocking image: one born abnormally, out of the normal course, unqualified by ordinary process	one untimely born, a miscarriage, one abnormally born	Paul underlines the irregularity and undeservedness of his own apostolic calling — the encounter came to him “out of due order,” through no natural qualification	wie eine unzeitige Geburt (Luther’s own rendering, retained). High risk: this is a genuinely startling, crude image in the Greek that many modern translations soften; German should retain Luther’s traditional directness (“unzeitige Geburt”) rather than a genteel paraphrase, consistent with this pipeline’s established discipline (cf. rubbish/Dreck in Philippians 3:8) of preserving Paul’s deliberate rhetorical bluntness rather than smoothing it.

Verse 9 — “For I am the least of the apostles, unworthy to be called an apostle, because I persecuted the church of God”

Term	Greek / Transliteration	Literal Meaning	Semantic Range	English Variants	Theological Meaning in Context	German Rendering & Risk
least	ἐλάχιστος / elachistos	smallest, least	superlative of smallness/insignificance	least, smallest	Paul’s self-assessment relative to the other apostles named above	der Geringste. Low risk.
unworthy	οὐκ εἰμὶ ἱκανός / ouk eimi hikanos	I am not sufficient/fit	adequacy, fitness, worthiness for a task	unworthy, not fit, not sufficient	Frames apostleship as a gift of grace, not an earned status — sets up v.10	nicht wert / nicht wert genug. Low risk.
persecuted	ἐδίωξα / ediōxa	pursued, persecuted	hostile pursuit, harassment, persecution	persecuted	Refers to Paul’s documented pre-conversion persecution of the church (cf. Acts, Galatians 1:13)	verfolgte. Medium risk: teaching material should frame this, as the baseline’s Galatians package already establishes for parallel material, as specific first-century intra-Jewish religious conflict, never drawing a false equivalence with later European antisemitic violence.
church of God	τὴν ἐκκλησίαν τοῦ θεοῦ / tēn ekklēsian tou theou	the assembly/congregation of God	the corporate people of God, here specifically the early Christian community Paul persecuted	church of God, the church of God	Continues the Romans baseline’s church_as_gods_people doctrine	die Gemeinde Gottes (baseline TM Gemeinde, reused per the baseline’s preference for the gathered-body sense over institutional Kirche). High risk per baseline (church term).

Verse 10 — “But by the grace of God I am what I am, and his grace toward me was not in vain. On the contrary, I worked harder than all of them, though it was not I, but the grace of God that is with me”

Term	Greek / Transliteration	Literal Meaning	Semantic Range	English Variants	Theological Meaning in Context	German Rendering & Risk
grace	χάρις / charis	favor, kindness, unmerited gift	unmerited divine favor	grace, favor	Repeated three times in one verse — grace alone explains Paul’s transformation and ministry, not merit or effort	Gnade (baseline TM, reused exactly). High risk per baseline: must reinforce grace as unmerited and apart from human cooperation, guarding directly against a Werkgerechtigkeit misreading of the following clause about Paul’s hard work.
not in vain	οὐ κενὴ ἐγενήθη / ou kenē egenēthē	did not become empty/without effect	effectiveness versus futility	was not without effect, was not in vain	Grace produced real, verifiable fruit (Paul’s ministry), without becoming the ground of merit	nicht vergeblich / nicht ohne Wirkung. Medium risk (parallel to v.2’s “in vain”).
worked harder	περισσότερον … ἐκοπίασα / perissoteron ekopiasa	I labored more abundantly	strenuous, exhausting labor, exceeding others’ effort	worked harder, labored more abundantly	Must be read as the fruit of grace, not its cause — the following clause (“not I, but the grace of God”) immediately corrects any merit-based misreading	habe ich mich mehr angestrengt/mehr gearbeitet. Critical risk: this clause is a classic Werkgerechtigkeit trap. Teaching material must keep this clause bound to its immediate self-correction (“nicht ich, sondern die Gnade Gottes”) in the same unit, exactly as the baseline requires for Philippians 2:12-13 and the Ephesians 2:9-10 works/grace pairing.

Verse 11 — “Whether then it was I or they, so we preach and so you believed”

Term	Greek / Transliteration	Literal Meaning	Semantic Range	English Variants	Theological Meaning in Context	German Rendering & Risk
we preach	κηρύσσομεν / kēryssomen	we proclaim, herald	authoritative public proclamation (herald’s announcement)	we preach, we proclaim	The unified apostolic message (Paul and the other apostles alike) is what matters, not personal rivalry — directly recalls the factionalism the letter opened with (ch.1-4)	predigen wir / verkünden wir. Low risk.
believed	ἐπιστεύσατε / episteusate	you believed, you came to trust	personal trust and reliance, not mere intellectual assent	believed	Closes the inclusio begun in v.1-2 — the Corinthians’ faith rests on this one, shared, apostolic gospel	habt ihr geglaubt (reuse baseline Glaube/glauben root). Medium risk per baseline faith doctrine (personal trust, not generic worldview).

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Chapter-by-Chapter Study — The Whole Book

Chapter 1 — Factionalism, the Cross as Foolishness and Power

Term	Greek/Translit.	Literal Meaning	Semantic Range	English Variants	Theological Meaning	German Rendering & Risk
divisions / factions	σχίσματα / schismata	tears, splits	schisms, quarrels, party-strife	divisions, quarrels, dissensions	The Corinthian church is fractured along personality-cult lines (Paul/Apollos/Cephas/Christ)	Spaltungen. High risk, German-specific: avoid “Parteien” (political parties) for the related term eris/rivalry-groups, since “Partei” imports contemporary party-political connotations foreign to the text; “Spaltungen/Zwistigkeiten” is safer.
Christ crucified	Χριστὸν ἐσταυρωμένον / Christon estaurōmenon	Christ having been crucified	perfect passive participle: a completed, abiding crucified status proclaimed as the center of the message	Christ crucified, the crucified Christ	The scandalous center of apostolic preaching, foolish to Greeks, a stumbling block to Jews	den gekreuzigten Christus. Critical risk: must retain the scandal (a crucified Messiah was culturally shameful, not merely tragic) rather than smoothing into a generic “Christ’s death.”
wisdom (of the world / of God)	σοφία / sophia	wisdom, skill, expertise	human philosophical sophistication vs. God’s saving wisdom revealed in the cross	wisdom	Sets up a sustained contrast (ch.1-3) between worldly wisdom and the cross’s paradoxical wisdom	Weisheit. Medium risk, German-specific: Germany’s high cultural regard for philosophical wisdom (Kant, Hegel, German Idealism) parallels the Colossians package’s philosophy_and_empty_deceit caution — teaching material must keep Paul’s target as human wisdom’s inadequacy for salvation, not a blanket anti-intellectualism.
foolishness	μωρία / mōria	folly, foolishness	that which appears absurd/irrational by worldly standards	foolishness	The cross appears foolish to the perishing but is in fact God’s wisdom and power to those being saved	Torheit. Medium risk; pair explicitly with “Weisheit Gottes” so the paradox (foolish-yet-wise) is not lost.
power of God	δύναμις θεοῦ / dynamis theou	might, power, capability of God	sovereign, saving capability, distinct from the Romans 1:16 occurrence but the same phrase	power of God	The cross itself, not merely the resurrection, is identified as God’s saving power	Kraft Gottes (baseline TM, reused exactly from Romans 1:16). Medium risk per baseline.
calling	κλῆσις / κλητός / klēsis / klētos	calling	God’s summons of the “not many wise, not many powerful”	calling, called	Echoes the Romans baseline’s effectual_calling doctrine; God’s electing initiative bypasses worldly status categories	Berufung / berufen (baseline TM, reused exactly). High risk per baseline (career/legal-appeal homonym collision).
boasting	καυχάομαι / kauchaomai	to boast, glory in	pride in one’s own achievement or status	boast, take pride in	”Let no one boast” (1:29) directly undercuts any merit-based self-congratulation, continuing the grace/works discipline established across this pipeline	sich rühmen. Low/Medium risk.

Chapter 2 — The Spirit and Human Wisdom

Term	Greek/Translit.	Literal Meaning	Semantic Range	English Variants	Theological Meaning	German Rendering & Risk
spiritual person / natural person	πνευματικός / ψυχικός / pneumatikos / psychikos	Spirit-possessing / soul-ish (unregenerate)	contrast between one indwelt by God’s Spirit and one relying only on natural human faculties	spiritual man, natural man, unspiritual person	Only the Spirit-indwelt person can properly discern spiritual truth; not an intelligence contrast but a regeneration contrast	geistlicher Mensch / natürlicher Mensch. High risk: “natürlich” risks a merely intellectual-capacity reading (as if the unregenerate person is simply less clever); teaching material must clarify this is a Spirit-versus-no-Spirit contrast, not an IQ contrast.
mind of Christ	νοῦς Χριστοῦ / nous Christou	the mind/understanding of Christ	shared perspective, disposition, and discernment granted to believers	mind of Christ	Climactic claim of ch.2 — believers, through the Spirit, share in Christ’s own understanding	der Sinn Christi. Medium risk.
Spirit searches/reveals	τὸ πνεῦμα ἐρευνᾷ/ἀπεκάλυψεν / to pneuma ereuna/apekalypsen	the Spirit searches/revealed	the Spirit as the agent of revealing previously hidden divine truth	the Spirit reveals, the Spirit searches	Continues the baseline’s mystery_of_christ revelation pattern (Ephesians 3)	der Geist erforscht/offenbart (reuse Heiliger Geist). Medium risk.

Chapter 3 — Carnal Christians, the Church as God’s Building/Temple

Term	Greek/Translit.	Literal Meaning	Semantic Range	English Variants	Theological Meaning	German Rendering & Risk
carnal / fleshly	σαρκικός / sarkikos	fleshly, of the flesh	governed by the sinful nature rather than the Spirit, applied here to believers still behaving immaturely	carnal, fleshly, worldly	Corinthian factionalism (ch.1-4) is diagnosed as evidence of immature, flesh-governed conduct among genuine believers, not unbelief	fleischlich (adj. form of baseline TM Fleisch, reused). Critical risk per baseline’s flesh_versus_spirit doctrine: must be disambiguated from a neutral bodily sense on first occurrence, exactly as required for Galatians.
temple of God	ναὸς θεοῦ / naos theou	sanctuary/inner shrine of God	the church corporately as God’s dwelling place (distinct from the individual-body sense in ch.6)	temple of God, God’s temple	The corporate church, not any building, is where God’s Spirit dwells	Tempel Gottes. Medium/High risk: must be clearly disambiguated from ch.6’s individual-body “temple,” and from any implication that a physical church building is meant.
foundation	θεμέλιος / themelios	foundation, base	the fixed, singular starting point (Christ) upon which ministry is built	foundation	Christ alone is the foundation; different ministries build upon it with varying quality of materials	Fundament/Grundlage. Low risk.
fire will test / reward	πῦρ δοκιμάσει / pyr dokimasei	fire will test/prove	eschatological testing of ministry quality, not personal salvation	fire will test, judged by fire	Ministers’ works, not their salvation, are tested; salvation itself is secure (“he himself will be saved”)	das Feuer wird prüfen. High risk: must be kept distinct from a works-based salvation reading (Catholic purgatorial resonance is a live, though not primary, German-specific association to flag for reviewer awareness) — the passage concerns reward for ministry, not the ground of salvation.

Chapter 4 — Stewards of the Mysteries, Apostolic Suffering

Term	Greek/Translit.	Literal Meaning	Semantic Range	English Variants	Theological Meaning	German Rendering & Risk
stewards of the mysteries	οἰκονόμους μυστηρίων θεοῦ / oikonomous mystēriōn theou	household managers of God’s mysteries	entrusted administrators of previously-hidden, now-revealed divine truth	stewards of the mysteries of God	Reuses the Ephesians/Colossians baseline’s mystery_of_christ doctrine, applied to apostolic office	Verwalter der Geheimnisse Gottes (reuse baseline TM Geheimnis). High risk per baseline.
judged by the Lord	ὁ … ἀνακρίνων με κύριός ἐστιν / ho anakrinōn me kyrios estin	the one examining/judging me is the Lord	final accountability belongs to Christ alone, not human courts of opinion	it is the Lord who judges me	Undercuts factional judgment of ministers (continues ch.1-3 theme)	der Herr ist es, der mich richtet (reuse baseline TM Herr). Critical risk per baseline (lordship_of_christ).

Chapter 5 — Church Discipline and Holiness

Term	Greek/Translit.	Literal Meaning	Semantic Range	English Variants	Theological Meaning	German Rendering & Risk
sexual immorality	πορνεία / porneia	fornication, sexual immorality	unlawful sexual activity broadly (not limited to a single act)	sexual immorality, fornication	The specific offense (a man with his father’s wife) prompting the discipline case	Unzucht (register note: Luther’s traditional “Hurerei” is now perceived as crude/archaic in contemporary German; “Unzucht” or “sexuelle Unmoral” is preferred in this curriculum’s register). Medium risk, register-sensitive rather than doctrinally contested.
hand over to Satan / leaven	παραδοῦναι τῷ Σατανᾷ / ζύμη / paradounai tō Satana / zymē	to hand over to Satan / leaven	excommunicative church discipline for restoration, and the Passover-leaven purity metaphor	deliver to Satan, leaven, unleavened	Discipline is corrective/restorative (aimed at the offender’s ultimate salvation), and the whole church’s purity is at stake (“a little leaven leavens the whole lump”)	dem Satan übergeben / Sauerteig. High risk: teaching material must frame this as restorative church discipline, not vindictive punishment, and must not be read as a claim about eternal loss of salvation.
judge those inside / not those outside	τοὺς ἔσω / τοὺς ἔξω κρίνειν / tous esō / tous exō krinein	those inside / those outside	the church’s disciplinary authority is limited to its own members, not society at large	judge insiders, not outsiders	Clarifies the proper scope of church discipline against a moralistic overreach into the wider world	die drinnen / die draußen richten. Medium risk.

Chapter 6 — The Body as Temple, Lawsuits, Bought with a Price

Term	Greek/Translit.	Literal Meaning	Semantic Range	English Variants	Theological Meaning	German Rendering & Risk
body is a temple of the Holy Spirit	τὸ σῶμα ναὸς τοῦ ἁγίου πνεύματός / to sōma naos tou hagiou pneumatos	the body is a sanctuary of the Holy Spirit	the individual believer’s physical body as the Spirit’s dwelling place (distinct from ch.3’s corporate temple)	your body is a temple	Grounds sexual ethics in the Spirit’s indwelling presence, not mere rule-keeping	euer Leib ist ein Tempel des Heiligen Geistes (reuse Heiliger Geist, Tempel). High risk: must be distinguished explicitly from ch.3’s corporate-temple sense to avoid confusing readers.
joined to the Lord	κολλώμενος τῷ κυρίῳ / kollōmenos tō kyriō	glued/joined to the Lord	intimate spiritual union, contrasted with sexual union with a prostitute (“one flesh”)	joined to the Lord, united to the Lord	Union with Christ (baseline christian_identity_in_christ) has bodily as well as spiritual implications	mit dem Herrn verbunden. Medium/High risk (reuse Herr, Critical baseline term).
bought with a price	ἠγοράσθητε τιμῆς / ēgorasthēte timēs	you were bought for a price	commercial redemption/purchase metaphor	bought with a price, purchased	Believers do not own themselves; Christ’s atoning death is the “price” — ties to the Colossians certificate_of_debt commercial-metaphor discipline	um einen Preis erkauft. Medium/High risk: keep the metaphor concrete (a real transaction), consistent with the Colossians package’s discipline for the Schuldschein/certificate-of-debt image.
lawsuits among believers	κρίνεσθαι ἐπὶ τῶν ἀδίκων / krinesthai epi tōn adikōn	to be judged before the unrighteous	believers taking internal disputes to secular/pagan courts rather than resolving them within the church	lawsuits before unbelievers	Undermines the church’s witness and its own competence to judge “the world” eschatologically	Rechtsstreitigkeiten vor Ungläubigen. Low/Medium risk.
washed, sanctified, justified	ἀπελούσασθε, ἡγιάσθητε, ἐδικαιώθητε / apelousasthe, hēgiasthēte, edikaiōthēte	washed, sanctified, justified	three-fold description of conversion: cleansing, Spirit-set-apartness, forensic right standing	washed, sanctified, justified	Ties directly to the Romans baseline’s Critical justification and Medium sanctification doctrines, here compressed into one triad describing believers’ new identity	gewaschen, geheiligt, gerecht gemacht (reuse baseline TM Heiligung, Rechtfertigung). Critical risk per baseline.

Chapter 7 — Marriage and Singleness

Term	Greek/Translit.	Literal Meaning	Semantic Range	English Variants	Theological Meaning	German Rendering & Risk
marriage	γάμος / gamos	marriage, wedding	the marital union and institution	marriage	Paul addresses marriage as good but not obligatory	Ehe. Low risk.
gift (of celibacy)	χάρισμα / charisma	grace-gift	a Spirit-given capacity, here applied specifically to singleness/self-control	gift, special gift	Singleness, like marriage, is framed as a charisma — a grace-given calling, not a lesser default state	Gabe / Gnadengabe (reuse baseline TM Gnadengaben root). Medium risk: must not imply singleness is a spiritual deficiency; equally, must not imply marriage lacks the same grace-gift character.
conjugal duty / one flesh authority over the body	ὀφειλή / ἐξουσιάζειν τοῦ σώματος / opheilē / exousiazein tou sōmatos	debt owed / to have authority over the body	mutual marital obligation and mutual (not one-sided) bodily authority within marriage	conjugal rights, marital duty	Establishes a strikingly mutual, reciprocal framing of marital intimacy for its first-century context	eheliche Pflicht / Verfügungsrecht über den Leib. Medium/High risk: teaching material should note the mutuality (both husband and wife are described identically) as intentional and significant, paralleling the mutual-submission framing required for Ephesians 5:21.
better to marry than to burn	κρεῖττον γαμῆσαι ἢ πυροῦσθαι / kreitton gamēsai ē pyrousthai	better to marry than to be inflamed (with desire)	pragmatic pastoral counsel for those who cannot remain single without overwhelming temptation	better to marry than to burn with passion	Marriage is presented as a legitimate, non-shameful provision, not a spiritually inferior concession	es ist besser zu heiraten als in Begierde zu brennen. Low/Medium risk.
present form of this world is passing away	παράγει τὸ σχῆμα τοῦ κόσμου τούτου / paragei to schēma tou kosmou toutou	the outward form/shape of this world is passing away	the temporary, provisional nature of present worldly arrangements, in light of the imminent eschaton	the present form of this world is passing away	Grounds Paul’s counsel about marriage/singleness in eschatological urgency, not asceticism for its own sake	die Gestalt dieser Welt vergeht. Medium risk.

Chapter 8 — Christian Liberty and Idol Meat (I)

Term	Greek/Translit.	Literal Meaning	Semantic Range	English Variants	Theological Meaning	German Rendering & Risk
idol / idol has no real existence	εἴδωλον / eidōlon	image, likeness; an idol	a manufactured cult image; theologically, “nothing” in itself	idol, false god	An idol has no independent divine reality, though the demonic reality behind idol worship is affirmed later (ch.10)	Götze / Götzenbild. High risk, German-specific: avoid the loanword “Idol,” whose dominant contemporary German usage is secular celebrity-worship (“Idol” = pop star/celebrity), which would trivialize the theological force; “Götze/Götzenbild” is the established, doctrinally weighted Luther-tradition term.
idol meat	εἰδωλόθυτον / eidōlothyton	that which has been sacrificed to idols	meat from animals ritually offered to pagan gods, later sold in the marketplace	food sacrificed to idols, idol meat	The central case study for the whole liberty-versus-love argument (ch.8-10)	Götzenopferfleisch (established Luther-tradition compound). Medium risk.
knowledge puffs up / love builds up	ἡ γνῶσις φυσιοῖ, ἡ ἀγάπη οἰκοδομεῖ / hē gnōsis physioi, hē agapē oikodomei	knowledge inflates, love builds	contrast between prideful intellectual assertion and other-centered, constructive love	knowledge puffs up, love builds up	Anticipates ch.13; correct theology exercised without love harms weaker believers	die Erkenntnis bläst auf, die Liebe baut auf (reuse Erbauung/aufbauen, anticipates new term Liebe, ch.13). High risk: sets up the whole love-versus-knowledge tension resolved climactically in ch.13.
weak conscience / stumbling block	ἡ συνείδησις ἀσθενής / πρόσκομμα / hē syneidēsis asthenēs / proskomma	weak conscience / a stumbling-stone	a fellow believer’s morally sensitive but under-informed conscience, at risk of being harmed by another’s “liberty”	weak conscience, stumbling block, offense	Christian liberty must be voluntarily limited out of love for a weaker brother’s conscience — a core ethical principle for the whole liberty section (ch.8-10)	schwaches Gewissen / Anstoß, Ärgernis. High risk, German-specific: “Gewissen” carries strong resonance in German ethical-philosophical tradition (Kant’s Gewissensbegriff); teaching material must keep the biblical sense (a fellow believer’s conscience, formed or unformed by faith) distinct from a purely autonomous rational-moral faculty.

Chapter 9 — Apostolic Rights and Self-Discipline

Term	Greek/Translit.	Literal Meaning	Semantic Range	English Variants	Theological Meaning	German Rendering & Risk
right / authority	ἐξουσία / exousia	authority, right, permission	here specifically Paul’s apostolic right to material support, which he voluntarily forgoes	right, authority, freedom (imprecisely)	Distinct from eleutheria (Freiheit, Critical baseline term from Galatians); this is a legitimate entitlement voluntarily set aside for the gospel’s sake	Recht / Vollmacht. High risk, German-specific: must not be conflated with or rendered as Freiheit, which the baseline reserves for eleutheria’s Christ-given liberation sense; conflating the two terms would blur a real semantic distinction Paul is making (a right one may waive vs. a freedom constitutive of Christian identity).
become all things to all people	πάντα πᾶσιν γεγονα / panta pasin gegona	I have become all things to all	missionary adaptability without compromise of the gospel’s content	all things to all people	Models flexible, sacrificial, culturally-adapted evangelism, continuing the Romans baseline’s evangelism doctrine	allen alles geworden. Medium risk.
imperishable wreath	ἄφθαρτος στέφανος / aphthartos stephanos	unfading/incorruptible crown	contrast between the perishable athletic laurel crown and the eternal reward for gospel labor	imperishable crown, incorruptible wreath	Anticipates ch.15’s aphtharsia (imperishability) vocabulary for the resurrection body	unverweslicher Kranz. Medium risk; note forward link to ch.15.
disqualified	ἀδόκιμος / adokimos	unapproved, disqualified, failing the test	athletic disqualification metaphor applied to ministry integrity	disqualified, castaway, rejected	Paul’s self-discipline is motivated by a real concern for his own ministerial integrity, not a doubt about final salvation’s security	verwerflich / untauglich. High risk: must not be read as contradicting assurance of salvation (a doctrine this pipeline’s Romans baseline treats as High risk); the concern is disqualification from the race/reward, not loss of salvation itself — flag for theologian review.

Chapter 10 — Warning from Israel’s History, the Lord’s Table

Term	Greek/Translit.	Literal Meaning	Semantic Range	English Variants	Theological Meaning	German Rendering & Risk
types / examples	τύποι / typoi	patterns, models, types	OT Israel’s wilderness history functions typologically, prefiguring and warning the church	examples, types, warnings	Establishes a typological hermeneutic connecting Israel’s wilderness generation to the Corinthian church’s temptations	Vorbilder / Beispiele. Medium risk; requires OT narrative background exposition, per the baseline’s standing low-OT-literacy caution.
the Rock was Christ	ἡ πέτρα … ἦν ὁ Χριστός / hē petra ēn ho Christos	the rock was Christ	retrospective typological identification of Christ with the wilderness rock (Exodus 17/Numbers 20)	the Rock was Christ	A striking pre-existence and typological claim, continuing the baseline’s deity_and_preexistence_of_christ doctrine	der Fels aber war Christus. Critical risk: affirms Christ’s real pre-existent activity in OT history; must not be read as merely symbolic/retroactive naming with no ontological claim.
table of the Lord / table of demons	τράπεζα κυρίου / τράπεζα δαιμονίων / trapeza kyriou / trapeza daimoniōn	the Lord’s table / the table of demons	exclusive, incompatible cultic participation: one cannot share fellowship at both	the Lord’s table, table of demons	Idol-temple meals involve real (if illegitimate) spiritual participation with demonic powers, incompatible with participation in Christ	der Tisch des Herrn / der Tisch der Dämonen. Critical risk: must retain the real spiritual stakes (not merely a social-etiquette concern) — the passage affirms objective demonic reality behind idolatry, a claim modern secularized German readers may be tempted to psychologize away.
participation / communion	κοινωνία / koinōnia	participation, sharing, fellowship	shared participation in the body and blood of Christ through the cup and bread	communion, participation, fellowship	Reuses the baseline’s fellowship term (Gemeinschaft) but in its most theologically concentrated sacramental sense	Gemeinschaft (baseline TM, reused). High risk in this specific context (elevated beyond the baseline’s Low-risk general usage) because it directly engages the German confessional Real Presence divide (Lutheran/Reformed/Catholic differences on the nature of sacramental participation) — flag for theologian review alongside ch.11’s Lord’s Supper material.

Chapter 11 — Head Covering, Order in Worship, the Lord’s Supper

Term	Greek/Translit.	Literal Meaning	Semantic Range	English Variants	Theological Meaning	German Rendering & Risk
head	κεφαλή / kephalē	head	headship/source relationship: “the head of a wife is her husband, the head of Christ is God”	head	Reuses the Ephesians baseline’s christs_supremacy_and_headship term exactly, extended here to a Christ-God relationship and a husband-wife relationship in the same breath	Haupt (baseline TM, reused exactly). Critical risk per baseline: carries the full mandatory theologian AND native-speaker review discipline already established for Ephesians 5:22-24 and the household codes, given Germany’s constitutional marital-equality commitment (Grundgesetz Art. 3). The Christ-God “head” relationship must also be handled so as not to suggest ontological subordination within the Trinity (a distinct Critical concern from the marital application).
head covering / veil	κατακαλύπτεσθαι / περιβόλαιον / katakalyptesthai / peribolaion	to be covered / a covering, wrap	first-century cultural practice of head-covering in worship, of contested contemporary application	head covering, veil	One of the most culturally-bound, contested passages in the letter regarding its contemporary applicability	Kopfbedeckung / Schleier. High risk, German-specific: contemporary German public discourse around religious head-covering (particularly regarding Islamic veiling, Kopftuchdebatte) makes this vocabulary unusually live and potentially distracting; teaching material must keep the passage anchored in its first-century Corinthian cultural context and clearly distinguish it from unrelated contemporary religious-dress debates. Mandatory theologian review.
Lord’s Supper (institution)	κυριακὸν δεῖπνον / τοῦτο … ἐστιν τὸ σῶμά μου / kyriakon deipnon / touto estin to sōma mou	the Lord’s supper / this is my body	Paul’s own received tradition of the words of institution, textually independent of but materially parallel to the Synoptic accounts	the Lord’s Supper, “This is my body…do this in remembrance of me”	A second, Pauline-attested version of the words_of_institution doctrine already flagged Critical for Matthew 26:26-28; among the most confessionally contested texts in German Christian tradition (Realpräsenz / memorialism / transubstantiation)	das Abendmahl / das Herrenmahl; institution words: “Das ist mein Leib… dies tut zu meinem Gedächtnis.” Critical risk, rendered exactly per source text, flagged rather than adjudicated, per the existing Matthew-package discipline. Mandatory theologian review.
examine yourself / discern the body	δοκιμάζειν ἑαυτόν / διακρίνων τὸ σῶμα / dokimazein heauton / diakrinōn to sōma	to test/examine oneself / to discern/distinguish the body	self-examination before participation, and rightly perceiving the significance of “the body” (Christ’s body, and/or the gathered church as his body) in the meal	examine yourself, discerning the body	Warns against careless or divisive participation; a genuinely disputed exegetical question (Christ’s sacramental body vs. the church community) that intersects directly with the Real Presence divide	sich selbst prüfen / den Leib unterscheiden. Critical risk: flag the underlying exegetical ambiguity for theologian review without adjudicating it in the translated text, consistent with this pipeline’s “flagged, not adjudicated” discipline for confessionally contested passages.

Chapter 12 — Spiritual Gifts and the Body of Christ

Term	Greek/Translit.	Literal Meaning	Semantic Range	English Variants	Theological Meaning	German Rendering & Risk
spiritual gifts	χαρίσματα / charismata	grace-gifts	Spirit-given enablements distributed diversely among believers for the church’s common good	spiritual gifts, gifts	Foundational term for the whole ch.12-14 unit	Gnadengaben (baseline TM, reused exactly). Medium risk per baseline: charismatic/cessationist divide in German Protestantism noted in the baseline applies with full force here, since this chapter is the doctrine’s fullest NT treatment.
body of Christ (ecclesial)	σῶμα Χριστοῦ / sōma Christou	the body of Christ	the church as a single, interdependent organism with Christ its head, each believer a functioning member	body of Christ, the church as a body	The chapter’s central ecclesiological metaphor, distinct from but related to the Ephesians baseline’s headship material	der Leib Christi. Critical risk: this is the fullest NT development of the body metaphor; must preserve both genuine diversity (many members, many functions) and genuine unity (one body) without collapsing into either uniformity or fragmentation.
members	μέλη / melē	limbs, body parts	individual believers as functioning, interdependent parts of the one body	members, parts of the body	”If one member suffers, all suffer together” — mutual, embodied interdependence within the church	Glieder. Medium risk.
one Spirit / one baptism into one body	ἓν πνεῦμα / εἰς ἓν σῶμα ἐβαπτίσθημεν / hen pneuma / eis hen sōma ebaptisthēmen	one Spirit / we were baptized into one body	the Spirit’s work in uniting believers of diverse background into a single body	one Spirit, baptized into one body	Directly echoes and reinforces the Ephesians baseline’s sevenfold_unity doctrine (4:4-6) and Colossians’ christ_is_all_in_all (3:11) discipline	ein Geist / in einen Leib getauft (reuse Heiliger Geist). Critical risk per the established sevenfold-unity discipline: retain unqualified unity language without softening.
tongues, interpretation, discerning of spirits, word of wisdom, word of knowledge	γλῶσσαι, ἑρμηνεία γλωσσῶν, διάκρισις πνευμάτων, λόγος σοφίας, λόγος γνώσεως	tongues, interpretation of tongues, distinguishing of spirits, word of wisdom, word of knowledge	the specific gift list (12:8-10, 28-30)	tongues, interpretation of tongues, distinguishing spirits, word of wisdom, word of knowledge	Establishes the concrete gift-vocabulary developed further in ch.13-14	Zungenrede, Auslegung der Zungenrede, Unterscheidung der Geister, Wort der Weisheit, Wort der Erkenntnis. High risk, German-specific: the charismatic/cessationist divide noted under spiritual_gifts is at its most concrete here; “Zungenrede” is preferred over a literal “Zungen” (tongues, the body part) to avoid a jarring literalism, while still preserving the term’s distinctness from ordinary “Sprachen” (languages).

Chapter 13 — Love as the Greater Way

Term	Greek/Translit.	Literal Meaning	Semantic Range	English Variants	Theological Meaning	German Rendering & Risk
love	ἀγάπη / agapē	love	self-giving, other-centered, willed love, distinct from erōs (romantic/desiring love) and philia (friendship affection)	love, charity (archaic)	The chapter’s — and arguably the letter’s — central term: without this love, all spiritual gifts, knowledge, and even sacrificial acts are worthless	Liebe. CRITICAL, NEW ENTRY — highest-priority new term in this package. German “Liebe” is the single generic word covering romantic love (Liebesbeziehung), familial love, friendship, and even casual enthusiasm (“ich liebe dieses Restaurant”), with no separate lexical marker distinguishing agapē the way English sometimes gestures toward with “charity” (archaic) or explanatory glosses. Every occurrence in this chapter requires enough context (the specific behavioral description in vv.4-7: patient, kind, not envious, not boastful, etc.) that the self-giving, willed, non-romantic sense is unmistakable and not silently assimilated to Romantik-era or pop-cultural German notions of Liebe as feeling/passion. Mandatory theologian review for every occurrence in this chapter.
the greater way	καθ᾽ ὑπερβολὴν ὁδόν / kath’ hyperbolēn hodon	a way according to excess/surpassing degree	a path or manner surpassing all the previously discussed spiritual gifts in importance	a still more excellent way, the greater way	Sets up love as the necessary framework within which all gifts (ch.12, 14) must operate	der weit bessere/größere Weg. Medium risk.
through a mirror, in a riddle	δι᾽ ἐσόπτρου ἐν αἰνίγματι / di’ esoptrou en ainigmati	through a mirror, in a riddle/enigma	present, partial, indirect knowledge contrasted with future, direct, face-to-face knowledge	through a glass, darkly; as in a mirror, dimly	Famous epistemological statement about the incompleteness of present spiritual knowledge this side of eternity	wir sehen jetzt durch einen Spiegel in einem dunklen Wort (Luther’s traditional and widely known rendering, retained verbatim per this curriculum’s established discipline for widely-known liturgical/devotional phrasing, e.g. Philippians 4:7, 4:13). High risk: must match the traditional Lutherbibel phrasing exactly given its status as one of the best-known phrases from this letter in German devotional and literary culture.
faith, hope, love; the greatest is love	πίστις, ἐλπίς, ἀγάπη· … μείζων … ἡ ἀγάπη / pistis, elpis, agapē… meizōn… hē agapē	faith, hope, love; greater… love	the three enduring theological virtues, with love identified as supreme and permanent even beyond the present age	faith, hope, and love; the greatest of these is love	Reuses Glaube (baseline) and introduces Hoffnung (hope, new but low-risk term) alongside the new Critical Liebe term	Glaube, Hoffnung, Liebe; die größte aber ist die Liebe. Critical risk (via Liebe); Glaube reused per baseline (Medium risk); Hoffnung itself carries Low/Medium risk as a stable, uncontested German biblical term.

Chapter 14 — Tongues, Prophecy, Order in Worship

Term	Greek/Translit.	Literal Meaning	Semantic Range	English Variants	Theological Meaning	German Rendering & Risk
edification / building up	οἰκοδομή / oikodomē	building, construction	the goal of all exercised spiritual gifts in corporate worship: strengthening the church, not self-display	edification, building up	The chapter’s controlling principle: prophecy is preferred over uninterpreted tongues precisely because it edifies the whole gathered church	Erbauung / Aufbau (reuse the baseline’s mutual_edification term). Low/Medium risk per baseline.
tongues vs. prophecy	γλῶσσαι / προφητεία / glōssai / prophēteia	tongues / prophecy	continued development of the ch.12 gift-list, here compared for their relative edificatory value in public worship	tongues, prophecy	Reuses Weissagung (baseline TM for prophecy) and the ch.12 Zungenrede term established above	Zungenrede / Weissagung (baseline TM Weissagung reused for prophecy). High risk per the charismatic/cessationist note under ch.12.
God is not a God of confusion but of peace	οὐ … ἀκαταστασίας … ἀλλὰ εἰρήνης / ou akatastasias alla eirēnēs	not of disorder but of peace	orderly, non-chaotic worship reflects God’s own character	God is not a God of confusion but of peace	Establishes the chapter’s practical rule (14:40, “all things should be done decently and in order”)	Gott ist nicht ein Gott der Unordnung, sondern des Friedens (reuse baseline TM Friede). Low/Medium risk.
women should be silent in the churches	αἱ γυναῖκες … σιγάτωσαν / hai gynaikes sigatōsan	let the women be silent	a contested instruction (14:34-35), whose scope, occasion, and even textual placement are genuinely disputed among manuscripts and scholars	let the women keep silent	Directly parallel in sensitivity to the Ephesians household-code and 1 Corinthians 11 head-covering material; some manuscripts relocate these verses, a genuine textual-critical question	die Frauen sollen in der Gemeinde schweigen. Critical risk, mandatory theologian AND native-speaker review, per the same discipline established for Ephesians 5:22-33 and the household codes, given Germany’s constitutional marital/gender-equality commitment (Grundgesetz Art. 3) and the passage’s genuine textual-critical complexity (manuscript placement variation), which must be transparently noted rather than silently smoothed over.

Chapter 15:12-58 — The Resurrection of Believers (continuing the Core Passage)

Term	Greek/Translit.	Literal Meaning	Semantic Range	English Variants	Theological Meaning	German Rendering & Risk
if Christ has not been raised, your faith is in vain	εἰ δὲ Χριστὸς οὐκ ἐγήγερται … κενὸν … τὸ κήρυγμα ἡμῶν / ei de Christos ouk egēgertai… kenon… to kērygma hēmōn	if Christ has not been raised… empty is our preaching	Paul’s own hypothetical reductio, establishing the resurrection as the non-negotiable center of the gospel content already stated in vv.3-5	if Christ is not risen, our preaching is in vain	Directly continues the core passage’s argument; the resurrection is not one doctrine among many but the load-bearing pillar of the whole gospel	Ist aber Christus nicht auferstanden, so ist unsere Predigt vergeblich (reuse baseline TM Auferstehung). Critical risk per baseline.
firstfruits	ἀπαρχή / aparchē	first portion, firstfruits (of a harvest)	the initial portion of a harvest that guarantees and represents the whole crop to come	firstfruits, first fruits	Christ’s resurrection is not an isolated event but the guarantee and pattern of believers’ own future resurrection	Erstling / Erstlingsfrucht. Critical risk: the guarantee-relationship (Christ’s resurrection causally secures believers’ resurrection, not merely precedes it chronologically) must be preserved explicitly.
last Adam / first Adam	ὁ ἔσχατος Ἀδάμ / ὁ πρῶτος Ἀδάμ / ho eschatos Adam / ho prōtos Adam	the last Adam / the first Adam	typological contrast between humanity’s fall in Adam and humanity’s resurrection life in Christ	the last Adam, the first man Adam	Foundational Adam-Christ typology paralleling Romans 5:12-21; Christ as the head of a new, resurrected humanity	der letzte Adam / der erste Adam. Critical risk: must retain the typological, representative-headship logic (as in Christ’s “one new humanity,” already established Ephesians 2:15) rather than reading merely as a biographical comparison.
natural body / spiritual body	σῶμα ψυχικόν / σῶμα πνευματικόν / sōma psychikon / sōma pneumatikon	soul-ish body / spirit-ish body	the present, mortal, Adam-patterned body versus the future, immortal, Spirit-empowered resurrection body — not “physical vs. non-physical” but two modes of embodiment	natural body, spiritual body	Affirms genuine bodily resurrection (against a purely “spiritual”/non-bodily misreading) while affirming radical transformation	natürlicher Leib / geistlicher Leib. Critical risk: “geistlich” must not be misread as “non-physical” or “immaterial” — this is a transformed, Spirit-empowered body, continuing genuine physicality, not an escape from embodiment.
perishable / imperishable	φθαρτόν / ἄφθαρτον / phtharton / aphtharton	subject to decay / not subject to decay	mortality and decay versus permanent, undecaying resurrection existence	perishable, imperishable, corruption, incorruption	The qualitative transformation the resurrection body undergoes	verweslich / unverweslich. Critical risk (ties to ch.9’s imperishable-wreath imagery, now applied to the body itself).
sting of death / victory	τὸ κέντρον τοῦ θανάτου / νῖκος / to kentron tou thanatou / nikos	the sting/goad of death / victory	death personified as a defeated, now-harmless enemy; triumphant, climactic language	O death, where is your sting? / victory	The chapter’s climactic doxological celebration of Christ’s decisive victory over death, quoting Hosea 13:14/Isaiah 25:8	der Stachel des Todes / der Sieg. Critical risk: retain the triumphant, direct-address rhetorical force (“Tod, wo ist dein Stachel?“).
we shall be changed	πάντες δὲ ἀλλαγησόμεθα / pantes de allagēsometha	we will all be changed	instantaneous, universal transformation of believers (living and dead) at the resurrection	we shall all be changed	Ties to the already-established baseline mystery term (Geheimnis, “Behold, I tell you a mystery”)	wir werden verwandelt werden (reuse baseline TM Geheimnis for the preceding “mystery” clause). High risk per baseline mystery discipline.
baptism for/on behalf of the dead	βαπτιζόμενοι ὑπὲρ τῶν νεκρῶν / baptizomenoi hyper tōn nekrōn	those being baptized for the dead	an obscure Corinthian practice Paul references without endorsing or fully explaining (15:29)	baptism for the dead	A genuinely disputed, unclear reference; historically misused by some groups (e.g. proxy baptism practices) as warrant for unrelated later doctrines	die Taufe für die Toten. High risk: teaching material must transparently note the verse’s genuine exegetical obscurity and must explicitly disclaim any warrant it might seem to lend to later, unrelated proxy-baptism practices — a clarification, not an adjudication, is required.

Chapter 16 — Collection, Closing Exhortations, Maranatha

Term	Greek/Translit.	Literal Meaning	Semantic Range	English Variants	Theological Meaning	German Rendering & Risk
collection for the saints	λογεία εἰς τοὺς ἁγίους / logeia eis tous hagious	a collection for the holy ones	organized material relief gathered from Gentile churches for the Jerusalem church	the collection for the saints	Reuses baseline TM Heilige (saints); concrete expression of unity_of_jews_and_gentiles and cross-congregational fellowship	die Sammlung für die Heiligen (reuse Heilige). High risk per baseline (saints doctrine).
holy kiss	φίλημα ἅγιον / philēma hagion	a holy kiss	a first-century greeting custom expressing genuine familial affection among believers	holy kiss, kiss of peace	Reuses baseline TM heilig; a concrete, embodied expression of Christian fellowship	der heilige Kuss. Medium risk: teaching material should note this as a culturally-bound first-century greeting custom rather than a literal contemporary liturgical prescription.
Marana tha	Μαρανα θά / marana tha	”Our Lord, come!” (Aramaic)	an early, spontaneous Aramaic liturgical acclamation preserved untranslated, expressing urgent eschatological hope	Come, Lord! Marana tha	Parallel in kind to the baseline’s treatment of Abba — a preserved Aramaic prayer-word carrying an intimacy/urgency the Greek translation alone would not fully capture	Marana tha (retain the Aramaic transliteration, glossed as “unser Herr, komm!”, per the baseline’s established Abba-preservation precedent). High risk: retain untranslated per this pipeline’s precedent, with explicit German gloss attached at first occurrence.
let him be anathema	ἤτω ἀνάθεμα / ētō anathema	let him be a curse-offering / accursed	the same solemn curse-formula already established Critical in the Galatians package	let him be accursed, anathema	Directs the same severe warning-formula (already applied to false-gospel preachers in Galatians 1:8-9) against anyone lacking love for the Lord	verflucht (baseline TM, reused exactly). Critical risk per baseline: never softened to “im Unrecht” (merely mistaken).
grace of the Lord Jesus be with you	ἡ χάρις τοῦ κυρίου Ἰησοῦ μεθ᾽ ὑμῶν / hē charis tou kyriou Iēsou meth’ hymōn	the grace of the Lord Jesus be with you	standard Pauline epistolary benediction	the grace of the Lord Jesus Christ be with you	Reuses baseline TM Gnade and Herr in the closing benediction	die Gnade des Herrn Jesus sei mit euch (reuse baseline TM). High/Critical risk per baseline (grace and lordship doctrines).

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End of semantic analysis. See analysis/08_core_glossary.md for the consolidated per-term glossary table covering all terms introduced above, cross-referenced against the baseline Romans translation memory.