Core Glossary
Amos — Core Glossary
How to Read This Table
| Column | Meaning |
|---|---|
| Term (Hebrew) | Established glossary key + Hebrew original |
| Transliteration | Standard scholarly transliteration |
| German Rendering | Fixed German term for Phase 2 enforcement |
| Risk | Critical / High / Medium / Low, per baseline risk framework |
| Doctrine | Curriculum doctrine this term primarily serves |
| Status | REUSED (baseline) = must match translation_memory.json exactly; NEW = proposed addition |
| Key Passages | Representative Amos references |
| Risk Notes | Grounded, specific reason for the assigned risk tier |
Doctrine 1 — Social Justice and Care for the Poor
| Term (Hebrew) | Transliteration | German Rendering | Risk | Status | Key Passages | Risk Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| justice (מִשְׁפָּט) | mishpat | Recht | Critical | NEW | 5:7, 15, 24; 6:12 | Must be kept distinct from “Gerechtigkeit” (reserved for tsedaqah/righteousness). Collapsing mishpat and tsedaqah into one German word would destroy Amos’s own deliberate two-term social-justice/character-righteousness pairing at 5:24, the curriculum’s core passage. |
| righteousness (צְדָקָה) | tsedaqah | Gerechtigkeit | Critical | REUSED (baseline) | 5:7, 24; 6:12 | Same German word already fixed for δικαιοσύνη/dikaiosynē (Romans 1:17, Luther’s Turmerlebnis word). Reused deliberately for doctrinal continuity, but ONLY where “Recht” is used alongside it for mishpat, so German readers can still see two distinct Hebrew concepts. |
| the poor / the needy / the afflicted (עָנִי / אֶבְיוֹן / דַּל) | ani / evyon / dal | die Armen / die Bedürftigen | High | NEW | 2:6-7; 4:1; 5:11-12; 8:4-6 | Must remain concrete-economic, never spiritualized (e.g., not “die geistlich Armen”); this is the book’s central social-ethics vocabulary and the direct measure of covenant faithfulness contrasted with hollow ritual in ch. 5. |
| sell the righteous/innocent for silver (מֹכְרֵי בַכֶּסֶף) | mokhrei bakesef | für Silber verkaufen | High | NEW | 2:6; 8:6 | Debt-slavery/judicial-bribery idiom; must be rendered identically at both occurrences (2:6, 8:6) to preserve the book’s deliberate bookending echo. |
| establish/set right justice in the gate (הַצִּיגוּ בַשַּׁעַר מִשְׁפָּט) | hatsigu vasha’ar mishpat | Recht im Tor aufrichten | High | NEW | 5:15 | ”Tor” (city gate) is the ancient local law-court venue; needs a cultural-historical gloss so contemporary readers grasp this as concrete judicial-reform language, not abstract piety. |
| trample the poor into the dust (הַשֹּׁאֲפִים…בְּרֹאשׁ דַּלִּים) | hasho’afim…berosh dallim | die Armen in den Staub treten | Medium | NEW | 2:7 | Vivid physical-oppression idiom; keep concrete rather than abstracting to “unterdrücken” alone. |
| turn justice to wormwood (הַהֹפְכִים לְלַעֲנָה מִשְׁפָּט) | hahofkhim lela’anah mishpat | das Recht in Wermut verkehren | Medium | NEW | 5:7 | Corruption-of-mishpat image; reuses “Recht” rendering for mishpat consistency. |
| buy the poor for silver, the needy for sandals (לִקְנוֹת בַּכֶּסֶף דַּלִּים) | liqnot bakesef dallim | die Armen für Silber, die Bedürftigen für ein Paar Sandalen kaufen | High | NEW | 2:6; 8:6 | Trivial-debt slavery; deliberate verbal echo across the book requiring identical phrasing at both occurrences. |
| false scales (מֹאזְנֵי מִרְמָה) | mo’zenei mirmah | falsche Waage | Medium | NEW | 8:5 | Concrete marketplace-fraud detail extending the justice theme into ordinary commerce. |
| oppress (עָשַׁק, implied throughout) | ashaq | unterdrücken | Medium | NEW | 4:1; 5:11-12 | General oppression vocabulary; keep paired with concrete economic specifics rather than left abstract. |
Doctrine 2 — Judgment on Empty Religious Ritual
| Term (Hebrew) | Transliteration | German Rendering | Risk | Status | Key Passages | Risk Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| hate (שָׂנֵא) | sane | hassen | Critical | NEW | 5:21 | God’s own first-person verb of repudiation toward formally correct worship; must never be softened. Core-passage term. |
| despise/reject (מָאַס) | ma’as | verabscheuen / verwerfen | Critical | NEW | 5:21 | Intensifying parallel to “hassen”; must remain a distinct second strong verb, not merged with it. |
| feasts (חַג) | chag | Feste | Medium | NEW | 5:21; 8:10 | Must be glossed as God’s own commanded festivals (Leviticus 23) on first occurrence, sharpening rather than softening the irony of their rejection. |
| solemn assemblies (עֲצָרָה) | atsarah | Festversammlungen | Medium | NEW | 5:21 | Distinguish from “Gemeinde” (baseline’s ekklēsia rendering) — formal cultic convocation, not NT gathered-church sense. |
| burnt offerings (עֹלָה) | olah | Brandopfer | Medium | NEW | 5:22 | Technical OT sacrificial term needing a brief explanatory gloss for low-OT-literacy audiences. |
| grain offerings (מִנְחָה) | minchah | Speisopfer | Medium | NEW | 5:22 | Paired sacrifice category with burnt offerings. |
| peace/fellowship offerings (שֶׁלֶם) | shelem | Friedensopfer | High | NEW | 5:22 | NEVER “Heilsopfer” — avoids the baseline’s documented Nazi-era “Heil” contamination risk; reuses the established “Friede” (peace) word family for cross-document consistency. |
| accept/be pleased with (רָצָה) | ratsah | annehmen / gnädig aufnehmen | High | NEW | 5:22 | Technical sacrificial-acceptability verb; must clearly negate ritual acceptability itself, not merely aesthetic taste. |
| noise (of songs) (הָמוֹן) | hamon | Lärm | High | NEW | 5:23 | Must retain the deliberately dismissive force — God calling beautiful temple music mere “noise” is the verse’s whole point. |
| listen/hear (שָׁמַע) | shama | hören / erhören | Medium | NEW | 5:23; 8:11-12 | Withdrawal-of-attention motif; must connect 5:23’s “I will not listen” to 8:11-12’s “famine of hearing” for full doctrinal coherence. |
| famine of hearing the words of the LORD (רָעָב…לִשְׁמֹעַ) | ra’av…lishmo’a | ”Hunger…nach dem Wort des HERRN zu hören” | High | NEW | 8:11-12 | Divine withdrawal-of-revelation image, not a sociological observation; requires “HERR” (Tetragrammaton convention). |
| come to Bethel and transgress (בֹּאוּ בֵית־אֵל וּפִשְׁעוּ) | bo’u Beit-El ufish’u | ”Kommt nach Bethel und sündigt” | High | NEW | 4:4 | Sarcastic parody of a call-to-worship formula; must retain ironic bite in rendering. |
| prepare to meet your God (הִכּוֹן לִקְרַאת־אֱלֹהֶיךָ) | hikkon liqrat-Eloheikha | ”Schick dich an, deinem Gott zu begegnen!” | High | NEW | 4:12 | Confrontational, not devotionally comforting; must not soften. |
Doctrine 3 — God’s Sovereignty over All Nations
| Term (Hebrew) | Transliteration | German Rendering | Risk | Status | Key Passages | Risk Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| nations/peoples (גּוֹיִם / עַמִּים) | goyim / ammim | Völker / Nationen | High | NEW | chs. 1-2; 9:7, 12 | Deliberately NOT “Heiden” — the baseline flags “Heiden” (High risk) as carrying a pejorative “uncivilized pagan” connotation in modern German; Amos’s nation-oracles treat Damascus, Gaza, Tyre, Edom, Ammon, and Moab as accountable sovereign political entities under a universal moral order, not as a theologically inferior “pagan” category, and 9:12’s restoration promise to “all the nations…called by my name” is explicitly one of inclusion. |
| for three transgressions…and for four (עַל־שְׁלֹשָׁה…וְעַל־אַרְבָּעָה) | al-shelosha…ve’al-arba’ah | ”wegen drei Verbrechen…, ja wegen vier” | Medium | NEW | 1:3, 6, 9, 11, 13; 2:1, 4, 6 | Numerical-escalation idiom (x, x+1) signaling a full, overflowing measure of guilt, not a literal tally of four sins; must render identically at all eight occurrences for structural clarity. |
| transgression (פֶּשַׁע) | pesha | Vergehen / Verbrechen | Medium | NEW | chs. 1-2 | Distinguish from “Sünde” (reserved for chattaah); pesha carries a specifically rebellion-against-authority sense apt for the political/war-crime character of the nation oracles. |
| the Lord GOD (אֲדֹנָי יְהוִה) | Adonai YHWH | Gott, der HERR | Critical | NEW | 1:8; 3:7-8, 11, 13; 4:2, 5; 6:8; 7:1-6; 8:1, 3, 9, 11; 9:5, 8 | Compound divine title, the book’s most frequent solemn formula; must be rendered identically everywhere, preserving the German Bible tradition’s typographic distinction between the divine name (HERR) and the honorific (Herr) — see semantic analysis Preliminary Note. |
| LORD / YHWH (יְהוָה) | YHWH | HERR (full capitals) | Critical | NEW | throughout | Distinct entry from the baseline’s “lord” (κύριος, Romans 10:9, rendered “Herr”). Confusing typographic capitalization would blur the Tetragrammaton/honorific distinction German Bible tradition has maintained since Luther. Flag for Phase 2 typesetting QA specifically. |
| you only have I known (אֶתְכֶם יָדַעְתִּי) | etkhem yada’ti | euch allein habe ich erkannt (erwählt) | High | NEW | 3:2 | Covenant-election language (not mere cognitive awareness); ties directly to the baseline’s “Erwählung” (election) doctrine — chosenness grounds greater, not lesser, accountability. |
| Are you not like the Cushites to me? (הֲלוֹא כִבְנֵי כֻשִׁיִּים) | halo khivnei Kushiyim | ”Seid ihr für mich nicht wie die Kuschiter?” | High | NEW | 9:7 | Climactic sovereignty statement relativizing Israel’s exodus-privilege against God’s providential governance of other nations’ histories; requires sensitive historical (not modern-racial) framing of “Kuschiter” (ancient Nubia/Cush). |
| roar (שָׁאַג) | sha’ag | brüllen | Medium | NEW | 1:2; 3:4, 8; (echoed 5:19) | Recurring lion-roar image for YHWH’s own voice/sovereignty; must be rendered consistently across all occurrences including its echo in the core passage’s danger-imagery (5:19). |
Doctrine 4 — The Day of the Lord as Judgment
| Term (Hebrew) | Transliteration | German Rendering | Risk | Status | Key Passages | Risk Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| day of the LORD (יוֹם יְהוָה) | yom YHWH | der Tag des HERRN | Critical | NEW | 5:18, 20 (core passage); implicit throughout | Core-passage doctrine. Israel expected automatic deliverance; Amos reverses this to judgment for a covenant-breaking nation. Must use “HERR” (Tetragrammaton) and must not be assimilated to generic pop-eschatology “end times” expectation — the whole rhetorical force is a corrective reversal of false popular hope. |
| woe (הוֹי) | hoy | Wehe | Medium | NEW | 5:18; 6:1 | Funeral-lament cry repurposed as judgment-oracle opener; reuse baseline’s “Wehe” register (established for Matthew 23’s woes) for genre consistency across the pipeline. |
| darkness (חֹשֶׁךְ) / gloom (אָפֵל) | choshek / afel | Finsternis / dichtes Dunkel | Medium | NEW | 5:18, 20 | Must escalate from “Finsternis” (v.18) to a stronger “dichtes Dunkel ohne jeden Lichtschein” (v.20) to preserve the deliberate intensifying parallelism; theologically weighted judgment-image, not neutral “Dunkelheit.” |
| plumb line (אֲנָךְ) | anakh | Senklot / Bleilot | High | NEW | 7:7-9 | Builder’s precision-measurement tool; the third vision’s lack of any recorded intercession (unlike the first two) marks the definitive shift to determined, non-negotiable judgment — flag for teaching-material emphasis. |
| basket of summer fruit / the end has come (קָיִץ / קֵץ) | qayits / qets | Sommerfrüchte / das Ende | High | NEW | 8:1-2 | Untranslatable Hebrew wordplay (qayits/qets near-homonyms); mandatory translator note explaining the pun so the vision’s ripeness-for-judgment logic is not lost. |
| Are you not like the Cushites to me? | — | see Doctrine 3 above | — | — | 9:7 | Cross-listed; also functions as sovereignty-over-nations climax within the Day-of-the-LORD material. |
| I will not utterly destroy the house of Jacob (הַשְׁמֵיד לֹא אַשְׁמִיד) | hashmed lo ashmid | ”Doch das Haus Jakob will ich nicht ganz und gar vertilgen” | High | NEW | 9:8 | Crucial qualifier amid the book’s most severe inescapability imagery; must retain emphatic intensity while making the genuine limit on judgment’s scope unmistakable. |
| sift as with a sieve (בַּכְּבָרָה) | kevarah | sieben / durchsieben | Medium | NEW | 9:9 | Discriminating (not indiscriminate) judgment image; preserves the remnant-preservation logic. |
Doctrine 5 — The Restoration of David’s Fallen Tent (Messianic Hope)
| Term (Hebrew) | Transliteration | German Rendering | Risk | Status | Key Passages | Risk Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| tent/booth of David (סֻכַּת דָּוִיד) | sukkat David | die Hütte Davids / das Zelt Davids | Critical | NEW | 9:11 | Core Messianic-hope term. Must preserve the deliberately humble “sukkah” (fallen hut, not toppled palace) image — the humility of the ruin is itself theologically significant. Directly cited at Acts 15:16-17 in the Jerusalem Council’s Gentile-inclusion argument; flag for cross-reference in any future Acts curriculum. |
| David (דָּוִד) | David | David | Low | REUSED (baseline) | 9:11 | Standard proper-name form, unchanged from baseline. |
| remnant (שְׁאָר / שְׁאֵרִית) | she’ar / she’erit | Rest | High | NEW | 3:12; 5:15; 9:12 | Theological seed-concept linking judgment-severity (ch. 3) to eventual restoration (ch. 9); flag for teaching material to make the forward connection explicit, since the bare lexical “Rest” (leftover) does not automatically carry the theological weight. |
| possess the remnant of Edom and all the nations called by my name | — | “…damit sie den Rest Edoms in Besitz nehmen, und alle Völker, über denen mein Name genannt ist” | Critical | NEW | 9:12 | ”Völker,” not “Heiden” (see Doctrine 3 note) — this is an inclusion promise, cited at Acts 15:17 as NT warrant for Gentile inclusion in the church; a pejorative-adjacent word here would work directly against the verse’s theological point. |
| I will restore the fortunes of my people Israel (שַׁבְתִּי אֶת־שְׁבוּת) | shavti et-shevut | ”Ich werde das Geschick meines Volkes Israel wenden” | High | NEW | 9:14 | Covenant-restoration reversal-of-fortune formula; must retain full covenant weight, not reduced to generic “things will improve.” Reuses baseline’s “Israel” proper-name form. |
| repair its breaches, raise up its ruins | — | “seine Risse ausbessern und seine Trümmer wieder aufrichten” | Medium | NEW | 9:11 | Concrete architectural-rebuilding imagery matching the humble “hut” image; keep literal, not abstractly spiritualized. |
| plant them…never again be uprooted (וְלֹא יִנָּתְשׁוּ עוֹד) | velo yinnatshu od | ”Ich werde sie einpflanzen…und sie sollen nie mehr daraus entwurzelt werden” | Medium-High | NEW | 9:15 | Book’s climactic closing verse; must retain emphatic permanence (“nie mehr”) as the deliberate final resolution of the whole prophecy, not softened into a conditional hope. |
Additional Chapter Vocabulary (Not Already Covered Under a Doctrine Heading)
| Term (Hebrew) | Transliteration | German Rendering | Risk | Status | Key Passages | Risk Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| lion (אֲרִי) | ari | Löwe | Low | NEW | 1:2; 3:4, 8, 12; 5:19 | Recurring cross-chapter motif; German word must be used consistently at every occurrence to preserve intratextual echoes, especially the link between 1:2’s opening roar and 5:19’s core-passage danger-imagery. |
| bear (דּוֹב) | dov | Bär | Low | NEW | 5:19 | Core-passage danger-escalation image. |
| serpent/snake (נָחָשׁ) | nachash | Schlange | Medium | NEW | 5:19 | Flag against unintended Genesis-3 typological over-reading; this is a literal household-hazard image, not a Satan/temptation reference. |
| sacrifice-related vocabulary | — | see Doctrine 2 table | — | — | 5:22 | Cross-listed. |
| Nazirite (נָזִיר) | nazir | Nasiräer | Low | NEW | 2:11-12 | Transliterated technical consecration-vow term; corrupted by Israel per 2:12’s indictment. |
| I brought you up from Egypt (הֶעֱלֵיתִי…מֵאֶרֶץ מִצְרָיִם) | he’eleiti…me’erets Mitsrayim | ”Ich habe euch aus Ägyptenland heraufgeführt” | Medium | NEW | 2:10; 3:1; 9:7 | Exodus-deliverance covenant-historical formula; should echo recognizable German liturgical Exodus phrasing. |
| return/turn back (שׁוּב) | shuv | umkehren / zurückkehren | Medium | NEW | 4:6, 8, 9, 10, 11 | Covenant-relational “return” refrain (5x in ch. 4); distinguish from baseline’s “Buße” (Matthew 3’s metanoia) though overlapping in force — translator/theologian discretion on register. |
| fallen, no more to rise (נָפְלָה לֹא־תוֹסִיף קוּם) | naflah lo-tosif qum | ”Gefallen ist sie, sie steht nicht wieder auf” | Medium | NEW | 5:1-2 | Funeral-dirge (qinah) lament register opening ch. 5, paralleling the “woe” of 5:18. |
| seek the LORD and live (דִּרְשׁוּ אֶת־יְהוָה וִחְיוּ) | dirshu et-YHWH vichyu | ”Sucht den HERRN, so werdet ihr leben” | Medium | NEW | 5:4, 6 | Positive counterpart to hollow shrine-pilgrimage; requires “HERR” (Tetragrammaton). |
| pride of Jacob (גְּאוֹן יַעֲקֹב) | ge’on Ya’aqov | Stolz Jakobs | Medium | NEW | 6:8; 8:7 | Self-satisfied national arrogance, an object of divine abhorrence structurally parallel to ch. 5’s ritual critique. |
| ruin of Joseph (שֵׁבֶר יוֹסֵף) | shever Yosef | Zusammenbruch Josephs | Low | NEW | 6:6 | ”Joseph” as metonymy for the northern kingdom; minor proper-name gloss needed. |
| I was no prophet, but a herdsman (לֹא־נָבִיא אָנֹכִי…בּוֹקֵר) | lo-navi anokhi…voqer | ”Ich bin kein Prophet, sondern ein Hirte…” | Medium | NEW | 7:14-15 | Grounds prophetic authority in divine commission alone, not professional training; foundational for the book’s Inspiration-of-Scripture claim. |
| seer (חֹזֶה) | chozeh | Seher | Medium | NEW | 7:12 | Amaziah’s dismissive term for Amos, contrasted with the authoritative “navi/Prophet” self-identity Amos claims. |
| prophet (נָבִיא) | navi | Prophet | Low | REUSED (baseline) | 2:11-12; 3:7-8; 7:14 | Standard term, unchanged from baseline. |
| prophesy/prophecy (נבא) | naba | weissagen / Weissagung | Low | REUSED (baseline) | 2:12; 3:8; 7:12-13, 15-16 | Standard term family, unchanged from baseline. |
| Sheol (שְׁאוֹל) | she’ol | Scheol / Totenreich | Medium | NEW | 9:2 | OT underworld concept; must not be conflated with a later NT/church-tradition Hölle (hell) or Fegefeuer (purgatory) concept — distinct from those doctrinal categories. |
| Israel (יִשְׂרָאֵל) | Yisra’el | Israel | Medium | REUSED (baseline) | throughout | Standard term, unchanged from baseline; same Staatsräson-era contemporary-political-conflation caution documented there applies here. |
| Judah (יְהוּדָה) | Yehudah | Juda | Low | NEW | 1:1; 2:4-5; 7:12 | Standard German Bible-tradition proper-name form. |
| sin (חַטָּאָה) | chattaah | Sünde | Medium | REUSED (baseline) | 5:12 | Standard term, unchanged from baseline; kept distinguishable from “Vergehen/Verbrechen” (reserved for pesha, the more relationally/politically loaded transgression term used throughout chs. 1-2). |
| peace (שָׁלוֹם) | shalom | Friede | Low | REUSED (baseline) | (implicit contrast throughout; not a frequent explicit term in Amos) | Standard term, unchanged from baseline; noted for completeness though Amos rarely uses shalom explicitly, given the “Friedensopfer” coinage above draws on this same word-family. |
This glossary cites load-bearing terms from all nine chapters of Amos. No chapter is silently omitted: chapters 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, and 9 each contribute vocabulary above; chapter 5 (containing the core passage) receives the fullest treatment, consistent with its status as the curriculum’s theological anchor rather than its scope boundary.
Critical Risk Terms
Lord
Approved rendering: Herr
Transliteration: Herr
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: Meister, Chef
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged (v9). ‘Herr’ is also the ordinary everyday title ‘Mr.’ (Herr Müller). AMOS EXTENSION: in Amos this same word renders Adonai (the honorific), never YHWH (the covenant name, rendered ‘HERR’ in full capitals, see yhwh_lord). Every occurrence of the compound ‘Adonai YHWH’ formula (‘Gott, der HERR’) combines this term with the new yhwh_lord entry; the two must remain typographically distinct throughout the book.
Righteousness
Approved rendering: Gerechtigkeit
Transliteration: Gerechtigkeit
Doctrine: Salvation
Rejected alternatives: Tugend
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged (v9). ‘Gerechtigkeit Gottes’ in Romans 1:17 is the exact phrase behind Luther’s own Turmerlebnis. AMOS EXTENSION: this same German word is reused deliberately for Hebrew tsedaqah at Amos 5:7, 24 and 6:12, per the LXX’s own dikaiosynē rendering of tsedaqah — but ONLY where ‘Recht’ (see justice_mishpat) is used alongside it for mishpat, so Amos’s own two-term Hebrew pairing remains visible in German. See righteousness_tsedaqah for the Amos-specific enforcement rule.
Yhwh Lord
Approved rendering: HERR
Transliteration: HERR
Doctrine: The Divine Name YHWH and the HERR/Herr Distinction
Rejected alternatives: Herr (lowercase; collapses the Tetragrammaton into the honorific already fixed for Adonai/kyrios), Jahwe (breaks with devotional-register convention; academic/historical-critical form)
Original: יְהוָה
Category: God
NEW, OT-specific entry required by this curriculum. Both the Lutherbibel and Einheitsübersetzung render YHWH as full-capital ‘HERR’, typographically distinct from ‘Herr’ (see baseline ‘lord’ entry, Adonai/kyrios). Amos uses the bare Tetragrammaton dozens of times and the compound ‘Adonai YHWH’ formula repeatedly. Mandatory Phase 2 typesetting QA: silent capitalization normalization must be actively guarded against.
Lord God Adonai Yhwh
Approved rendering: Gott, der HERR
Transliteration: Gott, der HERR
Doctrine: The Divine Name YHWH and the HERR/Herr Distinction
Rejected alternatives: der Herr (abbreviated; loses the doubled solemnity and the Tetragrammaton/honorific distinction)
Original: אֲדֹנָי יְהוִה
Category: God
The book’s single most frequent oracular formula (1:8; 3:7-8, 11, 13; 4:2, 5; 6:8; 7:1-6; 8:1, 3, 9, 11; 9:5, 8). Must combine both the honorific and the covenant name identically at every occurrence.
Day Of The Lord
Approved rendering: der Tag des HERRN
Transliteration: der Tag des HERRN
Doctrine: The Day of the Lord as Judgment
Rejected alternatives: der Tag des Herrn (lowercase; loses Tetragrammaton distinction), generic ‘Endzeit’/‘Weltuntergang’ gloss
Original: יוֹם יְהוָה
Category: Judgment
CORE-PASSAGE CRITICAL TERM (Amos 5:18, 20). Must use full-capital HERR. Must not be assimilated to a generic pop-eschatological ‘end times’ expectation — the term’s rhetorical force depends entirely on Amos overturning Israel’s presumed hope of automatic national vindication into a warning of judgment.
Justice Mishpat
Approved rendering: Recht
Transliteration: Recht
Doctrine: Social Justice and Care for the Poor
Rejected alternatives: Gerechtigkeit (already fixed baseline term for tsedaqah/dikaiosynē; using it here too would erase Amos’s own deliberate two-term pairing at 5:24)
Original: מִשְׁפָּט
Category: Social Justice
Concrete, enforceable social/legal justice (5:7, 15, 24; 6:12). NEW, GERMAN-SPECIFIC CRITICAL RISK: must remain visibly distinct from ‘Gerechtigkeit’ (righteousness_tsedaqah) at every co-occurrence, especially the core-passage verse 5:24.
Righteousness Tsedaqah
Approved rendering: Gerechtigkeit
Transliteration: Gerechtigkeit
Doctrine: Social Justice and Care for the Poor
Original: צְדָקָה
Category: Social Justice
Amos-specific enforcement rule extending the inherited ‘righteousness’ baseline entry: tsedaqah (right relational/moral conduct, 5:7, 24; 6:12) must be paired against ‘Recht’ (justice_mishpat) at every co-occurrence, especially 5:24, so German readers can perceive Amos’s own two distinct Hebrew terms as two distinct German words rather than stylistic redundancy. Require a first-occurrence translator’s note at 5:7 explaining the pairing.
Hate Ritual
Approved rendering: hassen
Transliteration: hassen
Doctrine: Judgment on Empty Religious Ritual
Rejected alternatives: nicht mögen, ablehnen, kritisch sehen
Original: שָׂנֵא
Category: Worship and Ritual
CORE-PASSAGE CRITICAL TERM (Amos 5:21). God’s own first-person verb of repudiation toward Israel’s formally correct cultic activity. Must never be softened; one of the most theologically load-bearing verbs in the book.
Despise Reject
Approved rendering: verabscheuen / verwerfen
Transliteration: verabscheuen / verwerfen
Doctrine: Judgment on Empty Religious Ritual
Rejected alternatives: merging into a single verb with ‘hassen’
Original: מָאַס
Category: Worship and Ritual
Amos 5:21. Intensifying parallel to ‘hassen’ in a doubled Hebrew emphatic construction; must remain a distinct, equally strong second verb.
Tent Of David
Approved rendering: die Hütte Davids
Transliteration: die Hütte Davids
Doctrine: The Restoration of David’s Fallen Tent (Messianic Hope)
Rejected alternatives: das Haus Davids (loses the humble fallen-hut image; restoration begins from genuine ruin, not minor repair), das Königreich Davids (too grand, erases the sukkah image entirely)
Original: סֻכַּת דָּוִיד
Category: Messianic Hope
Amos 9:11 (sukkat David). CORE MESSIANIC-HOPE TERM. Must preserve the deliberately humble sukkah image; cited directly at Acts 15:16-17. ‘Das Zelt Davids’ is an acceptable secondary variant per semantic analysis but ‘die Hütte Davids’ is the enforced default.
Possess Remnant Edom Nations
Approved rendering: …damit sie den Rest Edoms in Besitz nehmen, und alle Völker, über denen mein Name genannt ist
Transliteration: …damit sie den Rest Edoms in Besitz nehmen, und alle Völker, über denen mein Name genannt ist
Doctrine: The Restoration of David’s Fallen Tent (Messianic Hope)
Rejected alternatives: Heiden (would import a pejorative connotation directly contradicting the verse’s own inclusive theological point)
Original: יִירְשׁוּ אֶת־שְׁאֵרִית אֱדוֹם וְכָל־הַגּוֹיִם אֲשֶׁר־נִקְרָא שְׁמִי עֲלֵיהֶם
Category: Messianic Hope
Amos 9:12. The single clearest OT-to-NT citation bridge in this curriculum (Acts 15:16-17). Must render ‘Völker,’ never ‘Heiden.‘
High Risk Terms
Salvation
Approved rendering: Rettung
Transliteration: Rettung
Doctrine: Salvation
Rejected alternatives: Heil (Nazi-era contamination risk), Erlösung (more existential/liberation-flavored)
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged (v9). AMOS EXTENSION: the same Heil-avoidance discipline governs ‘Friedensopfer’ (peace_offerings, Amos 5:22), where the LXX’s sōtērion for shelem could otherwise tempt a literal-loan ‘Heilsopfer’ rendering. The caution is unchanged in force though the OT sacrificial context is new.
Gentiles
Approved rendering: Heiden
Transliteration: Heiden
Doctrine: Unity of Jews and Gentiles
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged (v9): traditional Lutheran rendering carrying a pejorative ‘uncivilized pagan’ connotation in modern German. AMOS EXTENSION: this term is explicitly FENCED OUT of the entire Amos curriculum. Amos’s goyim/ammim (nations/peoples, chs. 1-2; 9:7, 12) must render as ‘Völker/Nationen’ (see nations_peoples) — never ‘Heiden’ — because Amos treats these nations as morally accountable sovereign political entities under one universal moral order, and 9:12’s restoration promise to ‘all the nations called by my name’ is explicitly a promise of inclusion. Reviewers must not ‘correct’ Völker/Nationen back to this more familiar traditional word.
Church
Approved rendering: Gemeinde
Transliteration: Gemeinde
Doctrine: Church as God’s People
Rejected alternatives: Kirche (institution-default)
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged (v9): the NT ekklēsia rendering. AMOS EXTENSION: must NOT be used for Amos’s cultic ‘atsarah’ (solemn assemblies, Amos 5:21) — see solemn_assemblies — since that would retroactively suggest a New Testament gathered-church anachronism onto eighth-century-BC Israelite temple practice. ‘Gemeinde’ remains reserved exclusively for its baseline NT sense within this pipeline.
Election
Approved rendering: Erwählung
Transliteration: Erwählung
Doctrine: Effectual Calling
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged (v9): German Reformed vs. Lutheran differences on predestination emphasis. AMOS EXTENSION: directly underlies Amos 3:2’s ‘euch allein habe ich erkannt’ (you_only_have_i_known) — Amos’s argument that election grounds GREATER, not lesser, accountability runs counter to any popular reading (in either confessional tradition) of chosenness as automatic privilege or exemption from judgment.
Plumb Line
Approved rendering: Senklot
Transliteration: Senklot
Doctrine: The Day of the Lord as Judgment
Rejected alternatives: Bleilot (acceptable secondary variant), Richtschnur (loses the precision-measurement tool sense)
Original: אֲנָךְ
Category: Judgment
Third of Amos’s three visions (7:7-9); unlike the first two, no intercession is recorded and no relenting occurs. Must be glossed with its builder’s-tool function; the absence of intercession marks the doctrinally significant structural turn to determined judgment.
Basket Of Summer Fruit
Approved rendering: Sommerfrüchte / das Ende
Transliteration: Sommerfrüchte / das Ende
Doctrine: The Day of the Lord as Judgment
Rejected alternatives: forced German wordplay substitute (risks distorting the imagery)
Original: כְּלוּב קָיִץ / קֵץ
Category: Judgment
Amos 8:1-2. CRITICAL WORDPLAY LOSS: Hebrew qayits (summer fruit) / qets (the end) are near-homonyms with no German phonetic equivalent. Mandatory translator/footnote explaining the pun required at every teaching use.
Not Utterly Destroy
Approved rendering: Doch das Haus Jakob will ich nicht ganz und gar vertilgen
Transliteration: Doch das Haus Jakob will ich nicht ganz und gar vertilgen
Doctrine: The Remnant: From Judgment’s Severity to Restoration’s Promise
Original: הַשְׁמֵיד לֹא אַשְׁמִיד אֶת־בֵּית יַעֲקֹב
Category: Judgment
Amos 9:8. Emphatic qualifier amid the book’s most severe inescapability imagery; must retain the emphatic double-verb Hebrew intensity while making the genuine limit on judgment’s scope unmistakable.
Prepare To Meet Your God
Approved rendering: Schick dich an, deinem Gott zu begegnen!
Transliteration: Schick dich an, deinem Gott zu begegnen!
Doctrine: The Day of the Lord as Judgment
Rejected alternatives: Bereite dich vor, Gott zu begegnen (too devotionally comforting, inverts the warning function)
Original: הִכּוֹן לִקְרַאת־אֱלֹהֶיךָ
Category: Judgment
Amos 4:12, the chapter’s climactic summons. Must retain confrontational, unsettling force.
Poor Needy
Approved rendering: die Armen / die Bedürftigen
Transliteration: die Armen / die Bedürftigen
Doctrine: Social Justice and Care for the Poor
Rejected alternatives: die geistlich Armen (spiritualizing gloss, loses the book’s concrete economic sense)
Original: עָנִי / אֶבְיוֹן / דַּל
Category: Social Justice
Amos 2:6-7; 4:1; 5:11-12; 8:4-6. Must remain concrete-economic; the book’s central social-ethics vocabulary and the measure of covenant faithfulness contrasted with hollow ritual in ch. 5.
Sell Righteous For Silver
Approved rendering: den Gerechten für Silber verkaufen
Transliteration: den Gerechten für Silber verkaufen
Doctrine: Social Justice and Care for the Poor
Original: מֹכְרֵי בַכֶּסֶף צַדִּיק
Category: Social Justice
Amos 2:6, echoed 8:6. Must render identically at both occurrences to preserve the book’s deliberate bookending echo. ‘Gerechten’ reuses the Gerechtigkeit word-family (tsaddiq, cognate of tsedaqah).
Establish Justice In Gate
Approved rendering: Recht im Tor aufrichten
Transliteration: Recht im Tor aufrichten
Doctrine: Social Justice and Care for the Poor
Original: הַצִּיגוּ בַשַּׁעַר מִשְׁפָּט
Category: Social Justice
Amos 5:15. Reuses the mishpat rendering (‘Recht’); ‘Tor’ (city gate) requires a cultural-historical gloss identifying it as the ancient local law-court venue.
Buy Poor For Silver
Approved rendering: die Armen für Silber, die Bedürftigen für ein Paar Sandalen kaufen
Transliteration: die Armen für Silber, die Bedürftigen für ein Paar Sandalen kaufen
Doctrine: Social Justice and Care for the Poor
Original: לִקְנוֹת בַּכֶּסֶף דַּלִּים וְאֶבְיוֹן בַּעֲבוּר נַעֲלָיִם
Category: Social Justice
Amos 8:6, echoing 2:6 nearly verbatim. Must match 2:6’s German phrasing closely to preserve the deliberate cross-reference bookending the whole book’s social-justice indictment.
Peace Offerings
Approved rendering: Friedensopfer
Transliteration: Friedensopfer
Doctrine: Judgment on Empty Religious Ritual
Rejected alternatives: Heilsopfer (Nazi-era Heil contamination risk, per the baseline salvation entry)
Original: שֶׁלֶם
Category: Worship and Ritual
Amos 5:22 (shelem). NEVER ‘Heilsopfer’, even though the LXX’s sōtērion might tempt that literal-looking choice. Reuses the baseline’s established ‘Friede’ word family.
Accept Ritual
Approved rendering: annehmen / gnädig aufnehmen
Transliteration: annehmen / gnädig aufnehmen
Doctrine: Judgment on Empty Religious Ritual
Original: רָצָה
Category: Worship and Ritual
Amos 5:22 (ratsah). Must clearly negate technical sacrificial acceptability, not merely aesthetic preference.
Noise Of Songs
Approved rendering: Lärm
Transliteration: Lärm
Doctrine: Judgment on Empty Religious Ritual
Rejected alternatives: Klang, Gesang (both too neutral/flattering)
Original: הָמוֹן
Category: Worship and Ritual
Amos 5:23 (hamon). Must retain the dismissive, deliberately unflattering force — the verse’s theological shock depends on this harshness surviving translation.
Famine Of Hearing
Approved rendering: Hunger…nach dem Wort des HERRN zu hören
Transliteration: Hunger…nach dem Wort des HERRN zu hören
Doctrine: Judgment on Empty Religious Ritual
Original: רָעָב…לִשְׁמֹעַ אֶת־דִּבְרֵי יְהוָה
Category: Worship and Ritual
Amos 8:11-12. Divine withdrawal of revelation itself as the ultimate covenant curse; requires full-capital HERR. Must not read as a merely sociological observation.
Come To Bethel And Transgress
Approved rendering: Kommt nach Bethel und sündigt
Transliteration: Kommt nach Bethel und sündigt
Doctrine: Judgment on Empty Religious Ritual
Original: בֹּאוּ בֵית־אֵל וּפִשְׁעוּ
Category: Worship and Ritual
Amos 4:4. Sarcastic parody of the priestly call-to-worship formula; must retain the ironic bite and must not read as a sincere invitation.
Nations Peoples
Approved rendering: Völker / Nationen
Transliteration: Völker / Nationen
Doctrine: God’s Sovereignty over All Nations
Rejected alternatives: Heiden (baseline-flagged pejorative connotation; would contradict 9:12’s inclusion promise and misrepresent chs. 1-2’s moral-equal accountability argument)
Original: גּוֹיִם / עַמִּים
Category: Sovereignty over Nations
Chs. 1-2; 9:7, 12 (goyim/ammim). Fenced explicitly away from ‘Heiden’ throughout this book with zero exceptions.
You Only Have I Known
Approved rendering: euch allein habe ich erkannt (erwählt)
Transliteration: euch allein habe ich erkannt (erwählt)
Doctrine: Covenant Election and Heightened Accountability
Original: אֶתְכֶם יָדַעְתִּי
Category: Sovereignty over Nations
Amos 3:2. Covenant-selection/election language, not mere cognitive acquaintance; ties directly to the baseline’s ‘Erwählung’ doctrine — chosenness grounds greater, not lesser, accountability.
Cushites Comparison
Approved rendering: Seid ihr für mich nicht wie die Kuschiter?
Transliteration: Seid ihr für mich nicht wie die Kuschiter?
Doctrine: God’s Sovereignty over All Nations
Original: הֲלוֹא כִבְנֵי כֻשִׁיִּים אַתֶּם לִי
Category: Sovereignty over Nations
Amos 9:7, climactic sovereignty statement. ‘Kuschiter’ requires sensitive historical (ancient Nubia/Upper Nile), not modern-racial, framing.
Remnant
Approved rendering: Rest
Transliteration: Rest
Doctrine: The Remnant: From Judgment’s Severity to Restoration’s Promise
Original: שְׁאָר / שְׁאֵרִית
Category: Messianic Hope
3:12; 5:15; 9:12 (she’ar/she’erit). The bare lexical ‘Rest’ carries no automatic theological charge; requires explicit teaching material linking ch. 3’s judgment-severity to ch. 9’s restoration promise.
Restore Fortunes Israel
Approved rendering: Ich werde das Geschick meines Volkes Israel wenden
Transliteration: Ich werde das Geschick meines Volkes Israel wenden
Doctrine: The Restoration of David’s Fallen Tent (Messianic Hope)
Original: וְשַׁבְתִּי אֶת־שְׁבוּת עַמִּי יִשְׂרָאֵל
Category: Messianic Hope
Amos 9:14. Covenant-restoration reversal-of-fortune formula; must retain full covenant weight, not reduced to generic ‘things will improve.‘
Plant Never Uprooted
Approved rendering: Ich werde sie einpflanzen in ihr Land, und sie sollen nie mehr daraus entwurzelt werden
Transliteration: Ich werde sie einpflanzen in ihr Land, und sie sollen nie mehr daraus entwurzelt werden
Doctrine: The Restoration of David’s Fallen Tent (Messianic Hope)
Original: וּנְטַעְתִּים עַל־אַדְמָתָם וְלֹא יִנָּתְשׁוּ עוֹד
Category: Messianic Hope
Amos 9:15, the book’s climactic final verse. Must retain emphatic permanence (‘nie mehr’), not softened into provisional hope.
Medium Risk Terms
Sin
Approved rendering: Sünde
Transliteration: Sünde
Doctrine: Universal Human Accountability
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged (v9). AMOS EXTENSION: reserved exclusively for Hebrew chattaah (Amos 5:12); must be kept distinguishable from the more relationally/politically loaded pesha (rebellion/covenant-breach, chs. 1-2), which renders as ‘Vergehen/Verbrechen’ (see transgression_pesha), never ‘Sünde’.
Israel
Approved rendering: Israel
Transliteration: Israel
Doctrine: Unity of Jews and Gentiles
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged (v9): same Staatsräson-era contemporary-political-conflation caution applies. AMOS EXTENSION: throughout Amos as the primary object of both judgment (chs. 1-8) and restoration (9:11-15), most notably ‘Ich werde das Geschick meines Volkes Israel wenden’ (restore_fortunes_israel, 9:14).
Roar
Approved rendering: brüllen
Transliteration: brüllen
Doctrine: God’s Sovereignty over All Nations
Original: שָׁאַג
Category: God
YHWH’s own lion-roar image (1:2; 3:4, 8), echoed in the core passage’s danger-imagery (5:19). Must be rendered identically at every occurrence to preserve this intratextual echo.
Woe
Approved rendering: Wehe
Transliteration: Wehe
Doctrine: The Day of the Lord as Judgment
Original: הוֹי
Category: Judgment
Funeral-lament cry repurposed as a judgment-oracle opener (5:18; 6:1). Reuses the pipeline’s established ‘Wehe’ register (fixed for Matthew 23’s woes) for prophetic-genre consistency.
Darkness
Approved rendering: Finsternis
Transliteration: Finsternis
Doctrine: The Day of the Lord as Judgment
Rejected alternatives: Dunkelheit (too flat/neutral, loses covenant-curse weight)
Original: חֹשֶׁךְ
Category: Judgment
Amos 5:18, 20. First, less-intense term in the deliberate two-stage intensification completed by ‘gloom’ at 5:20.
Gloom
Approved rendering: dichtes Dunkel
Transliteration: dichtes Dunkel
Doctrine: The Day of the Lord as Judgment
Rejected alternatives: Finsternis (would fail to escalate beyond v.18, flattening the intensifying parallelism)
Original: אָפֵל
Category: Judgment
Amos 5:20 (‘gloom with no brightness in it’). Must escalate beyond ‘Finsternis,’ not merely repeat it.
Serpent Snake
Approved rendering: Schlange
Transliteration: Schlange
Doctrine: The Day of the Lord as Judgment
Original: נָחָשׁ
Category: Judgment
Amos 5:19, third and most intimate danger. Must NOT import Genesis 3 typological/Satanic overtones — a literal household-hazard image, not a temptation narrative; flag with translator note against reflexive Satan-association.
Sift As With Sieve
Approved rendering: sieben / durchsieben
Transliteration: sieben / durchsieben
Doctrine: The Remnant: From Judgment’s Severity to Restoration’s Promise
Original: בַּכְּבָרָה
Category: Judgment
Amos 9:9. Discriminating (not indiscriminate) judgment image; append ‘doch nicht das kleinste Körnchen wird zur Erde fallen’ to preserve the remnant-preserving nuance.
Fallen No More To Rise
Approved rendering: Gefallen ist sie, sie steht nicht wieder auf
Transliteration: Gefallen ist sie, sie steht nicht wieder auf
Doctrine: The Day of the Lord as Judgment
Original: נָפְלָה לֹא־תוֹסִיף קוּם
Category: Judgment
Amos 5:1-2; funeral-dirge (qinah) lament opening chapter 5, paralleling the ‘Wehe’ of 5:18.
Seek The Lord And Live
Approved rendering: Sucht den HERRN, so werdet ihr leben
Transliteration: Sucht den HERRN, so werdet ihr leben
Doctrine: Judgment on Empty Religious Ritual
Original: דִּרְשׁוּ אֶת־יְהוָה וִחְיוּ
Category: Judgment
Amos 5:4, 6. Positive counterpart to hollow shrine-pilgrimage; requires full-capital HERR and must retain life-versus-death stakes.
Trample Poor Into Dust
Approved rendering: die Armen in den Staub treten
Transliteration: die Armen in den Staub treten
Doctrine: Social Justice and Care for the Poor
Original: הַשֹּׁאֲפִים עַל־עֲפַר־אֶרֶץ בְּרֹאשׁ דַּלִּים
Category: Social Justice
Amos 2:7; keep concrete rather than abstracting to a bare ‘unterdrücken.‘
Turn Justice To Wormwood
Approved rendering: das Recht in Wermut verkehren
Transliteration: das Recht in Wermut verkehren
Doctrine: Social Justice and Care for the Poor
Original: הַהֹפְכִים לְלַעֲנָה מִשְׁפָּט
Category: Social Justice
Amos 5:7. Reuses ‘Recht’ (mishpat), directly preparing for 5:24’s positive restatement of the same term.
False Scales
Approved rendering: falsche Waage
Transliteration: falsche Waage
Doctrine: Social Justice and Care for the Poor
Original: מֹאזְנֵי מִרְמָה
Category: Social Justice
Amos 8:5. Concrete marketplace-fraud detail extending Amos’s justice concern into ordinary commerce.
Oppress
Approved rendering: unterdrücken
Transliteration: unterdrücken
Doctrine: Social Justice and Care for the Poor
Original: עָשַׁק (implied)
Category: Social Justice
Amos 4:1; 5:11-12. Keep paired with concrete economic specifics (debt, land, wages) rather than left abstract.
Feasts
Approved rendering: Feste
Transliteration: Feste
Doctrine: Judgment on Empty Religious Ritual
Original: חַג
Category: Worship and Ritual
Amos 5:21; 8:10. Must be glossed on first occurrence as ‘eure gebotenen Feste’ (your commanded festivals, cf. Leviticus 23) to sharpen rather than soften the irony of their rejection.
Solemn Assemblies
Approved rendering: Festversammlungen
Transliteration: Festversammlungen
Doctrine: Judgment on Empty Religious Ritual
Rejected alternatives: Gemeinde (already fixed baseline NT ekklēsia sense; would anachronistically import the NT gathered-church concept)
Original: עֲצָרָה
Category: Worship and Ritual
Amos 5:21 (atsarah). Formal cultic convocation, not the New Testament gathered-church sense.
Burnt Offerings
Approved rendering: Brandopfer
Transliteration: Brandopfer
Doctrine: Judgment on Empty Religious Ritual
Original: עֹלָה
Category: Worship and Ritual
Amos 5:22. Technical OT sacrificial term needing a brief gloss on first occurrence for low-OT-literacy audiences.
Grain Offerings
Approved rendering: Speisopfer
Transliteration: Speisopfer
Doctrine: Judgment on Empty Religious Ritual
Original: מִנְחָה
Category: Worship and Ritual
Amos 5:22. Non-blood sacrifice category paired with burnt offerings.
Look Upon
Approved rendering: ansehen / anschauen
Transliteration: ansehen / anschauen
Doctrine: Judgment on Empty Religious Ritual
Original: נבט (Hiphil)
Category: Worship and Ritual
Amos 5:22. Parallel negation to ‘accept’; God’s favorable gaze deliberately withheld.
Listen Hear
Approved rendering: hören / erhören
Transliteration: hören / erhören
Doctrine: Judgment on Empty Religious Ritual
Original: שָׁמַע
Category: Worship and Ritual
Amos 5:23; 8:11-12. Must connect 5:23’s ‘I will not listen’ to 8:11-12’s ‘famine of hearing’ for full doctrinal coherence — a deliberate withdrawal-of-attention motif.
Three Transgressions And Four
Approved rendering: wegen drei Verbrechen…, ja wegen vier
Transliteration: wegen drei Verbrechen…, ja wegen vier
Doctrine: God’s Sovereignty over All Nations
Original: עַל־שְׁלֹשָׁה פִּשְׁעֵי־…וְעַל־אַרְבָּעָה
Category: Sovereignty over Nations
Hebrew numerical-escalation idiom (x, x+1) repeated eight times across chs. 1-2; must render identically at every occurrence to preserve structural clarity.
Transgression Pesha
Approved rendering: Vergehen / Verbrechen
Transliteration: Vergehen / Verbrechen
Doctrine: God’s Sovereignty over All Nations
Rejected alternatives: Sünde (reserved exclusively for chattaah, Amos 5:12)
Original: פֶּשַׁע
Category: Sovereignty over Nations
Chs. 1-2. Rebellion/covenant-breach against rightful authority, more relationally/politically loaded than ordinary sin; keep distinguishable from ‘Sünde.‘
Brought Up From Egypt
Approved rendering: Ich habe euch aus Ägyptenland heraufgeführt
Transliteration: Ich habe euch aus Ägyptenland heraufgeführt
Doctrine: Covenant Election and Heightened Accountability
Original: הֶעֱלֵיתִי אֶתְכֶם מֵאֶרֶץ מִצְרָיִם
Category: Sovereignty over Nations
Amos 2:10; 3:1; 9:7. Exodus-deliverance covenant-historical formula; should echo recognizable German liturgical Exodus phrasing.
Repair Breaches
Approved rendering: seine Risse ausbessern und seine Trümmer wieder aufrichten
Transliteration: seine Risse ausbessern und seine Trümmer wieder aufrichten
Doctrine: The Restoration of David’s Fallen Tent (Messianic Hope)
Original: וְגָדַרְתִּי אֶת־פִּרְצֵיהֶן וַהֲרִסֹתָיו אָקִים
Category: Messianic Hope
Amos 9:11. Concrete architectural-repair imagery matching the humble ‘fallen hut’ image; keep literal, not spiritualized.
Lord God Has Spoken
Approved rendering: Wer wollte da nicht weissagen?
Transliteration: Wer wollte da nicht weissagen?
Doctrine: Prophetic Authority and the Inspiration of Amos’s Message
Original: אֲדֹנָי יְהוִה דִּבֵּר מִי לֹא יִנָּבֵא
Category: Prophecy
Amos 3:8. Compulsion-formula for prophetic speech; reuses the baseline’s ‘weissagen/Weissagung’ term family.
I Was No Prophet
Approved rendering: Ich bin kein Prophet, sondern ein Hirte und Maulbeerfeigen-Bauer
Transliteration: Ich bin kein Prophet, sondern ein Hirte und Maulbeerfeigen-Bauer
Doctrine: Prophetic Authority and the Inspiration of Amos’s Message
Original: לֹא־נָבִיא אָנֹכִי…כִּי־בוֹקֵר אָנֹכִי וּבוֹלֵס שִׁקְמִים
Category: Prophecy
Amos 7:14-15. Grounds Amos’s prophetic authority entirely in divine commission, not professional training; ‘sycamore’ requires a brief botanical gloss (Ficus sycomorus).
Seer
Approved rendering: Seher
Transliteration: Seher
Doctrine: Prophetic Authority and the Inspiration of Amos’s Message
Original: חֹזֶה
Category: Prophecy
Amos 7:12. Amaziah’s dismissive term for Amos, contrasted with the authoritative ‘Prophet’ (navi) self-identity Amos claims in reply.
Return Turn Back
Approved rendering: umkehren / zurückkehren (zu mir)
Transliteration: umkehren / zurückkehren (zu mir)
Doctrine: The Call to Covenant Repentance Amid Unheeded Covenant Curses
Rejected alternatives: Buße (baseline term fixed for NT metanoia; would import an unwanted sacramental-penitential register)
Original: שׁוּב
Category: Covenant
Amos 4:6, 8, 9, 10, 11 (shuv), fivefold refrain. Covenant-relational ‘return,’ distinguishable from the baseline’s NT-fixed ‘Buße.‘
Pride Of Jacob
Approved rendering: Stolz Jakobs
Transliteration: Stolz Jakobs
Doctrine: The Certainty and Moral Logic of Coming Judgment
Original: גְּאוֹן יַעֲקֹב
Category: Covenant
Amos 6:8; 8:7 (ge’on Ya’aqov). Unambiguously negative self-satisfied national arrogance; teaching material should lock the negative sense with context (‘selbstgefälliger Stolz’).
Sheol
Approved rendering: Scheol
Transliteration: Scheol
Doctrine: The Day of the Lord as Judgment
Rejected alternatives: Hölle, Fegefeuer (both import later church-tradition post-mortem-punishment categories)
Original: שְׁאוֹל
Category: Covenant
Amos 9:2. OT underworld/realm of the dead generally; transliterate and gloss on first occurrence, explicitly distinguished from later doctrinal categories.
Low Risk Terms
Peace
Approved rendering: Friede
Transliteration: Friede
Doctrine: Peace with God
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged (v9). AMOS EXTENSION: underlies the ‘Friede’ word-family reused for shalom (Amos rarely uses the term explicitly) and specifically for the coined ‘Friedensopfer’ (peace_offerings, Amos 5:22), chosen precisely to avoid the Heil-contamination risk of a more literal ‘Heilsopfer’.
Prophet
Approved rendering: Prophet
Transliteration: Prophet
Doctrine: Inspiration of Scripture
Original: נָבִיא
Category: Prophecy
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged (v9). AMOS EXTENSION: renders Hebrew navi throughout Amos (2:11-12; 3:7-8; 7:14), including Amos’s own authoritative self-identification against Amaziah’s dismissive ‘chozeh’ (see seer, 7:12).
Prophecy
Approved rendering: Weissagung
Transliteration: Weissagung
Doctrine: Fulfillment of Prophecy
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged (v9). AMOS EXTENSION: renders Hebrew naba (2:12; 3:8; 7:12-13, 15-16), including the compulsion-formula ‘the Lord GOD has spoken; who can but prophesy?’ (see lord_god_has_spoken).
David
Approved rendering: David
Transliteration: David
Doctrine: Davidic Covenant
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged (v9). AMOS EXTENSION: underlies ‘die Hütte Davids’ (tent_of_david, Amos 9:11), the curriculum’s core Messianic-hope term, cited directly at Acts 15:16-17.
Light
Approved rendering: Licht
Transliteration: Licht
Doctrine: The Day of the Lord as Judgment
Original: אוֹר
Category: Judgment
Amos 5:18, 20. Straightforward, low-ambiguity rendering; the polar opposite of what the Day of the LORD brings unrepentant Israel.
Lion
Approved rendering: Löwe
Transliteration: Löwe
Doctrine: The Day of the Lord as Judgment
Original: אֲרִי
Category: Judgment
Recurring cross-chapter motif (1:2; 3:4, 8, 12; 5:19); must be rendered consistently to preserve the intratextual echo between YHWH’s opening self-introduction and the core passage’s inescapability imagery.
Bear
Approved rendering: Bär
Transliteration: Bär
Doctrine: The Day of the Lord as Judgment
Original: דּוֹב
Category: Judgment
Amos 5:19, second link in the core passage’s escalating-danger triptych.
Brightness
Approved rendering: Lichtschein
Transliteration: Lichtschein
Doctrine: The Day of the Lord as Judgment
Original: נֹגַהּ
Category: Judgment
Amos 5:20; any ray of hope/relief, whose total absence underscores the day’s unmitigated severity.
Fire Judgment
Approved rendering: Feuer
Transliteration: Feuer
Doctrine: God’s Sovereignty over All Nations
Original: אֵשׁ
Category: Judgment
Uniform judgment-instrument sent against every nation named in chapters 1-2 without exception, reinforcing impartial divine sovereignty.
Songs
Approved rendering: Lieder
Transliteration: Lieder
Doctrine: Judgment on Empty Religious Ritual
Original: שִׁיר
Category: Worship and Ritual
Amos 5:23. Standard, low-ambiguity rendering.
Melody
Approved rendering: Musik
Transliteration: Musik
Doctrine: Judgment on Empty Religious Ritual
Original: זִמְרָה
Category: Worship and Ritual
Amos 5:23. Standard, low-ambiguity rendering.
Harps
Approved rendering: Harfen
Transliteration: Harfen
Doctrine: Judgment on Empty Religious Ritual
Original: נֶבֶל
Category: Worship and Ritual
Amos 5:23. Concrete instrument, paralleling the concrete sacrificial animals of 5:22.
Nazirite
Approved rendering: Nasiräer
Transliteration: Nasiräer
Doctrine: Prophetic Authority and the Inspiration of Amos’s Message
Original: נָזִיר
Category: Worship and Ritual
Amos 2:11-12. Transliterated technical consecration-vow term (Numbers 6), corrupted by Israel alongside the silencing of prophets.
Vision Words Of Amos
Approved rendering: Worte / Vision
Transliteration: Worte / Vision
Doctrine: Prophetic Authority and the Inspiration of Amos’s Message
Original: דִּבְרֵי עָמוֹס / חָזָה
Category: Prophecy
Amos 1:1. Book’s opening self-designation as received divine revelation, not personal opinion.
Can Two Walk Together
Approved rendering: Gehen zwei zusammen, ohne sich verabredet zu haben?
Transliteration: Gehen zwei zusammen, ohne sich verabredet zu haben?
Doctrine: The Certainty and Moral Logic of Coming Judgment
Original: הַיֵלְכוּ שְׁנַיִם יַחְדָּו בִּלְתִּי נוֹעָדוּ
Category: Prophecy
Amos 3:3, opening a rhetorical cause-and-effect proverb chain (3:3-8) establishing the necessity of coming judgment.
Ruin Of Joseph
Approved rendering: Zusammenbruch Josephs
Transliteration: Zusammenbruch Josephs
Doctrine: The Certainty and Moral Logic of Coming Judgment
Original: שֵׁבֶר יוֹסֵף
Category: Covenant
Amos 6:6. ‘Joseph’ as metonymy for the northern kingdom; minor proper-name gloss needed.
Judah
Approved rendering: Juda
Transliteration: Juda
Doctrine: God’s Sovereignty over All Nations
Amos 1:1; 2:4-5; 7:12. Standard German Bible-tradition proper-name form for the southern kingdom.
Referenced passages