Core Glossary
08 Core Glossary — 1 Peter (English–German)
This glossary compiles every load-bearing theological term identified in 07_semantic_analysis.md, drawn from all five chapters of 1 Peter. Terms already fixed in the baseline Romans Language Package are marked (baseline TM) and reused exactly as recorded there — this document does not alter those renderings. New terms proposed for this curriculum are marked (NEW) and carry a proposed risk tier consistent with the baseline’s Critical/High/Medium/Low framework, for incorporation into translation_memory.json and bible_term_registry.json in a later Phase 1 step.
Legend
- Risk tiers: Critical (mandatory theologian review, every occurrence) / High (mandatory theologian review) / Medium (native speaker review recommended) / Low (automated review sufficient) — definitions identical to the baseline
doctrine_risk_registry.json. - Status: (baseline TM) = reuse exactly as recorded in the Romans package; (NEW) = new term proposed by this analysis.
| English gloss | German rendering | Greek original | Transliteration | Risk | Status | Doctrine | Chapters | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| gospel | Evangelium | εὐαγγέλιον / εὐαγγελίζω | euangelion / euangelizō | High | (baseline TM) | Gospel | 1, 4 | Reused exactly; 4:6’s “gospel preached to the dead” flagged jointly with 3:19. |
| grace (soteriological) | Gnade | χάρις | charis | High | (baseline TM) | Grace | 1, 3, 4, 5 | Must be kept visibly distinct from the letter’s own non-technical 2:19-20 usage (see below) and from mercy/Barmherzigkeit (1:3). |
| grace (everyday “commendable/favorable” sense) | Gnade (flagged sense) / wohlgefällig | χάρις | charis | Critical (translation-choice flag) | (NEW) | — | 2 | Homonym-collision risk WITHIN the letter itself: same German word must carry two distinct senses; recommend explicit flagging in teaching material at every 2:19-20 occurrence. |
| mercy | Barmherzigkeit | ἔλεος | eleos | Medium-High | (NEW) | Living Hope of the Resurrection | 1 | Baseline rejected Barmherzigkeit as an alternative for Gnade; here it is ἔλεος’s own correct primary word and must be kept distinct from Gnade. |
| faith | Glaube | πίστις | pistis | Medium | (baseline TM) | Faith | 1, 3, 5 | Reused exactly. |
| righteousness | Gerechtigkeit | δικαιοσύνη | dikaiosynē | Critical | (baseline TM) | Suffering for Righteousness’ Sake; Christ’s Substitutionary Suffering | 2, 3, 4 | Reused exactly; central to 2:24, 3:14, 3:18, 4:18. |
| salvation | Rettung | σωτηρία | sōtēria | High | (baseline TM) | Living Hope of the Resurrection | 1, 3, 4 | Reused exactly; note the “already/not yet” temporal range across 1:5, 1:9, 3:21, 4:18. |
| church (people of God) | Gemeinde | ἐκκλησία (implicit; realized via priesthood/nation titles) | ekklēsia | High | (baseline TM) | Church as Holy and Royal Priesthood | 2 | The term ἐκκλησία itself does not occur in 1 Peter, but the doctrine is realized through the 2:4-10 identity-title cluster. |
| holy | heilig | ἅγιος / ἁγιάζω | hagios / hagiazō | High | (baseline TM) | Holiness in Conduct; Church as Holy Priesthood | 1, 2, 3 | Reused exactly; 1:16’s Leviticus citation is a foundational proof-text. |
| saints / holy ones | Heilige | ἅγιοι | hagioi | High | (baseline TM) | Sainthood | — | Not directly addressed to “saints” as a vocative in 1 Peter but the underlying doctrine (corporate holiness) pervades the letter. |
| sanctification | Heiligung | ἁγιασμός | hagiasmos | Medium | (baseline TM) | Holiness in Conduct | 1 | Reused exactly (1:2). |
| resurrection | Auferstehung | ἀνάστασις | anastasis | Medium | (baseline TM) | Living Hope of the Resurrection | 1, 3 | Reused exactly; anchor term for the core passage and 3:21. |
| lord | Herr | Κύριος | Kyrios | Critical | (baseline TM) | Lordship of Christ | 1, 2, 3, 5 | Reused exactly; 1 Peter uniquely also uses the SAME word for the mundane sense (3:6, Sarah/Abraham) and the pejorative “lording over” sense (5:3) — all three senses must be kept distinct. |
| holy spirit | Heiliger Geist | Πνεῦμα (ἅγιον) | Pneuma (hagion) | Critical | (baseline TM) | — | 1, 4 | Reused exactly; must be disambiguated from 3:4’s non-Spirit πνεῦμα (disposition/temperament) and 3:18/4:6’s mode-of-existence πνεῦμα. |
| flesh (creaturely/mortal sense) | Fleisch | σάρξ | sarx | Medium | (baseline TM, extended sense) | — | 1 | 1:24’s “all flesh is like grass” — the CREATURELY sense, distinct from the Galatians package’s ethical sense. |
| flesh (ethical/sinful-nature sense) | Fleisch | σάρξ | sarx | Critical | (baseline TM) | — | 2 | 2:11’s “fleshly desires” — matches the Galatians package’s Critical sense exactly. |
| flesh (Christ’s mode of existence) | Fleisch | σάρξ | sarx | Critical | (NEW sense of baseline term) | Christ’s Substitutionary Suffering | 3 | 3:18’s “put to death in flesh” — a THIRD distinct sense requiring explicit disambiguation from the two above. |
| obedience of faith / obedience | Gehorsam (des Glaubens) | ὑπακοή | hypakoē | High | (baseline TM) | — | 1 | 1:2, 1:14, 1:22; must not slide into Werkgerechtigkeit. |
| power of God | Kraft Gottes | δύναμις Θεοῦ | dynamis Theou | Medium | (baseline TM) | — | 1 | Reused exactly (1:5). |
| glory | Herrlichkeit | δόξα | doxa | High | (baseline TM) | — | 1, 4, 5 | Reused exactly; combines with Geist (4:14) and with berufen/Gnade (5:10) in dense doctrinal clauses. |
| election / elect | Erwählung / erwählt | ἐκλεκτός / ἐκλογή | eklektos / eklogē | High | (baseline TM) | — | 1, 2 | Reused exactly; 1:1’s “elect exiles,” 2:4/2:6/2:9’s “chosen.” |
| called / calling | berufen / Berufung | καλέω / κλῆσις | kaleō / klēsis | High | (baseline TM) | — | 2, 5 | Reused exactly; 2:21’s “called to this,” 5:10’s “called…to eternal glory.” |
| exhort | ermahnen | παρακαλέω | parakaleō | Low | (baseline TM) | — | 5 | Reused exactly (5:12). |
| father | Vater | Πατήρ | Patēr | High | (baseline TM) | — | 1 | Reused exactly (1:2, 1:3, 1:17). |
| god | Gott | Θεός | Theos | Critical | (baseline TM) | — | throughout | Reused exactly. |
| jesus / christ | Jesus / Christus | Ἰησοῦς / Χριστός | Iēsous / Christos | Critical / Critical | (baseline TM) | — | throughout | Reused exactly. |
| spiritual gifts | Gnadengaben | χάρισμα | charisma | Medium | (baseline TM) | — | 4 | Reused exactly (4:10). |
| church discipline household-type submission | sich unterordnen | ὑποτάσσω | hypotassō | Critical | (baseline TM) | Submission to Authority and Christlike Endurance | 2, 3, 5 | Reused exactly across all four occurrences (civil authority 2:13; servants 2:18; wives 3:1; younger/elders 5:5); mandatory theologian AND native-speaker review per Ephesians precedent. |
| freedom | Freiheit | ἐλευθερία | eleutheria | Critical | (baseline TM) | Submission to Authority and Christlike Endurance | 2 | Reused exactly (2:16); must not be assimilated to secular/political liberty. |
| hypocrisy | Heuchelei | ὑπόκρισις | hypokrisis | Medium | (baseline TM) | — | 2 | Reused exactly (2:1). |
| curse of the law / tree | (cross-reference only) Holz/Baum | ξύλον | xylon | Critical | (baseline TM cross-reference) | Christ’s Substitutionary Suffering | 2 | 2:24’s ξύλον shares Deut 21:23 background with Galatians 3:13’s established Fluch des Gesetzes doctrine — surface as explicit cross-reference. |
| ransom / redeem | erlösen | λυτρόω | lytroō | Critical | (baseline TM, related concept) | Christ’s Substitutionary Suffering | 1 | 1:18; connects to the baseline’s Lösegeld/ransom theology (Matthew 20:28). |
| lamb of God (typology) | Lamm (ohne Fehl und Tadel) | ἀμνός | amnos | Critical | (baseline TM cross-reference) | Christ’s Substitutionary Suffering | 1 | 1:19; direct continuation of John 1:29’s established Gottes Lamm doctrine. |
| creator | Schöpfer | κτίστης | ktistēs | Medium | (baseline TM cross-reference) | — | 4 | 4:19; cross-references Colossians 1:16-17’s creator_and_sustainer_of_all doctrine. |
| christian identity “in Christ” | in Christus | ἐν Χριστῷ | en Christō | Medium | (baseline TM) | — | 5 | Reused exactly (5:14). |
| gentiles (ethnic-theological sense) | Heiden | ἔθνη | ethnē | High | (baseline TM) | — | — | Not used in the ethnic-theological Jew/Gentile-unity sense anywhere in 1 Peter. |
| gentiles (behavioral sense) | Heiden | ἔθνη | ethnē | High | (NEW sense of baseline term) | — | 4 | 4:3’s “will of the Gentiles” — a purely behavioral/lifestyle sense, must be disambiguated from the ethnic-theological baseline sense. |
| beatitude “blessed” | selig | μακάριος | makarios | Critical | (baseline TM) | Suffering for Righteousness’ Sake | 3, 4 | 3:14, 4:14 — MUST match the established Matthew Beatitudes convention exactly; never confused with εὐλογητός or εὐλογέω below. |
| doxological “blessed [be God]“ | gelobt / gepriesen | εὐλογητός | eulogētos | High | (NEW) | Living Hope of the Resurrection | 1 | 1:3; distinct word and distinct German rendering from selig (above) and segnen (below). |
| bless / blessing (interpersonal) | segnen / Segen | εὐλογέω / εὐλογία | eulogeō / eulogia | Medium-High | (NEW) | — | 3 | 3:9; the letter’s third distinct “bless-” word — see cross-reference note in 07_semantic_analysis.md. |
| living hope | lebendige Hoffnung | ἐλπὶς ζῶσα | elpis zōsa | Critical | (NEW) | Living Hope of the Resurrection | 1 | Core-passage title term; core doctrinal phrase, must never be flattened to generic “Zuversicht.” |
| regeneration / born again | wiedergeboren / Wiedergeburt | ἀναγεννάω | anagennaō | Critical | (NEW) | Living Hope of the Resurrection | 1 | 1:3, 1:23; distinct verb from John’s γεννηθῇ ἄνωθεν (baseline born_from_above); collides with German baptismal-regeneration confessional debate — must be flagged alongside 3:21. |
| inheritance | Erbe | κληρονομία | klēronomia | Medium | (NEW) | Living Hope of the Resurrection | 1 | 1:4; related to but distinct from the baseline’s Kindschaft/adoption doctrine. |
| imperishable / undefiled / unfading (triad) | unverderblich / unbefleckt / unverwelklich | ἄφθαρτος / ἀμίαντος / ἀμάραντος | aphthartos / amiantos / amarantos | Low-Medium | (NEW) | Living Hope of the Resurrection | 1 | 1:4; ἀμάραντος/unverwelklich deliberately echoed at 5:4 (ἀμαράντινος) — must render identically. |
| trial / testing | Anfechtung / Prüfung | πειρασμός | peirasmos | High | (NEW) | Suffering for Righteousness’ Sake | 1, 4 | Must NEVER render as “Versuchung” (temptation) — a critical German-specific disambiguation the Greek does not itself force. |
| proven genuineness of faith | Echtheit / Bewährung [des Glaubens] | δοκίμιον | dokimion | Medium-High | (NEW) | Suffering for Righteousness’ Sake | 1 | 1:7; guard against a Werkgerechtigkeit misreading (faith proven, not produced, by trials). |
| soul | Seele | ψυχή | psychē | Medium | (NEW) | Living Hope of the Resurrection | 1, 2, 3 | Holistic Hebrew sense (whole person/life), not Hellenistic body/soul dualism; recurs 1:9, 1:22, 2:11, 2:25, 3:20, 4:19. |
| sojourner / exile / diaspora | Fremdling / Zerstreuung | παρεπίδημος / διασπορά | parepidēmos / diaspora | High | (NEW) | — | 1, 2 | Applies specifically Jewish exilic/diaspora self-understanding metaphorically to a Gentile-majority church; requires historical-typological framing given German Israel/Jewish-history sensitivities documented in the baseline. |
| foreknowledge | Vorherwissen | πρόγνωσις | prognōsis | High | (NEW) | — | 1 | 1:2, 1:20; triggers the baseline’s mandatory theologian-review rule for election/predestination language. |
| sprinkling of blood (covenant ratification) | Besprengung mit dem Blut | ῥαντισμός | rantismos | High | (NEW) | — | 1 | 1:2; Exodus 24:8 covenant background requires explicit OT explanation. |
| conduct / way of life | Wandel | ἀναστροφή | anastrophē | Medium | (NEW) | Holiness in Conduct | 1, 2, 3 | Recurs 7x across the letter (1:15,18; 2:12; 3:1,2,16); must render consistently as a deliberate authorial refrain. |
| fear (reverent) | Furcht | φόβος | phobos | High | (NEW) | — | 1, 2, 3 | Three distinct senses across the letter (reverent/positive; respectful-submissive; negative/intimidation, 3:14) — each must be disambiguated in context. |
| living word of God (message sense) | lebendiges und bleibendes Wort Gottes | λόγος (ζῶν) | logos (zōn) | High | (NEW) | Living Hope of the Resurrection | 1 | 1:23; must be disambiguated from John 1:1’s Logos-person doctrine — here the proclaimed gospel-message, not the divine Logos. |
| living stone | lebendiger Stein | λίθος ζῶν | lithos zōn | Critical | (NEW) | Church as Holy and Royal Priesthood | 2 | 2:4; Christological title opening the 2:4-10 identity cluster. |
| holy priesthood | heiliges Priestertum | ἱεράτευμα ἅγιον | hierateuma hagion | Critical | (NEW) | Church as a Holy and Royal Priesthood | 2 | 2:5; direct biblical basis for Luther’s allgemeines Priestertum doctrine — the letter’s single highest-stakes German-specific term. |
| spiritual sacrifices | geistliche Opfer | πνευματικαὶ θυσίαι | pneumatikai thysiai | High | (NEW) | Church as a Holy and Royal Priesthood | 2 | 2:5; the qualifier “geistlich” must never be dropped. |
| cornerstone | Eckstein | ἀκρογωνιαῖος | akrogōniaios | Medium | (NEW) | Church as a Holy and Royal Priesthood | 2 | 2:6. |
| stone of stumbling | Stein des Anstoßes | λίθος προσκόμματος | lithos proskommatos | Medium | (NEW) | Church as a Holy and Royal Priesthood | 2 | 2:8. |
| chosen race/people | auserwähltes Geschlecht | γένος ἐκλεκτόν | genos eklekton | Critical | (NEW) | Church as a Holy and Royal Priesthood | 2 | 2:9; NEVER “Rasse” — mandatory documented translation-choice given Nazi-era racial-ideology contamination of that word. |
| royal priesthood | königliches Priestertum | βασίλειον ἱεράτευμα | basileion hierateuma | Critical | (NEW) | Church as a Holy and Royal Priesthood | 2 | 2:9; core doctrine title, paired with 2:5. |
| holy nation | heiliges Volk | ἔθνος ἅγιον | ethnos hagion | High | (NEW) | Church as a Holy and Royal Priesthood | 2 | 2:9; “Volk” carries 20th-century German ideological freight (cf. baseline’s Gemeinschaft caution) — must read as covenantal, not nationalist/ethnic. |
| people for possession | Volk zum Eigentum | λαὸς εἰς περιποίησιν | laos eis peripoiēsin | Medium-High | (NEW) | Church as a Holy and Royal Priesthood | 2 | 2:9. |
| day of visitation | Tag der Heimsuchung | ἡμέρα ἐπισκοπῆς | hēmera episkopēs | High | (NEW) | — | 2 | 2:12; “Heimsuchung” is a false-friend risk in colloquial German (calamity/scourge) — flag for gloss. |
| household servants / masters | Gesinde/Hausangestellte / Herren | οἰκέτης / δεσπότης | oiketēs / despotēs | High | (NEW, related to baseline slaves_and_masters) | Submission to Authority and Christlike Endurance | 2 | 2:18; distinct Greek vocabulary from the Ephesians/Colossians δοῦλος/κύριος pairing — related doctrine, distinct terms; same historical-distancing framing required. |
| example / pattern | Vorbild | ὑπογραμμός | hypogrammos | Medium | (NEW) | Christ’s Substitutionary Suffering | 2 | 2:21; schoolroom-tracing image largely untranslatable. |
| bore our sins on the tree | er hat unsere Sünden getragen am Holz | ἀνήνεγκεν…ἐπὶ τὸ ξύλον | anēnegken…epi to xylon | Critical | (NEW) | Christ’s Substitutionary Suffering | 2 | 2:24; central substitutionary-atonement verse; cross-reference Galatians 3:13 Fluch des Gesetzes. |
| healed (by his wounds) | geheilt / heil geworden | ἰάθητε | iathēte | Medium | (NEW) | Christ’s Substitutionary Suffering | 2 | 2:24; verb-form “heilen,” lower Heil-contamination risk than the noun, but flagged for documented deliberate choice. |
| shepherd and overseer of souls | Hirte und Aufseher der Seelen | Ποιμὴν καὶ Ἐπίσκοπος | Poimēn kai Episkopos | Critical | (NEW) | Elders and Humility | 2 | 2:25; recommend “Aufseher” over “Bischof” to avoid importing later institutional-office connotations; generates ch.5’s elder doctrine. |
| weaker vessel | das schwächere Gefäß | ἀσθενέστερον σκεῦος | asthenesteron skeuos | Critical | (NEW) | Submission to Authority and Christlike Endurance | 3 | 3:7; mandatory contemporary-sensitivity pastoral framing per Ephesians 5:22-33 precedent; must pair with “fellow heirs of grace” balancing statement. |
| fellow heirs of the grace of life | Miterben der Gnade des Lebens | συγκληρονόμοι χάριτος ζωῆς | synklēronomoi charitos zōēs | High | (NEW) | Submission to Authority and Christlike Endurance | 3 | 3:7; essential balancing counterweight to “weaker vessel.” |
| sanctify Christ as Lord | Christus als Herrn heiligen | ἁγιάσατε τὸν Κύριον τὸν Χριστόν | hagiasate ton Kyrion ton Christon | Critical | (NEW) | Suffering for Righteousness’ Sake | 3 | 3:15; combines two independently Critical baseline terms (heilig + Herr). |
| defense / reasoned account | Rechenschaft / Verantwortung | ἀπολογία | apologia | Medium | (NEW) | Suffering for Righteousness’ Sake | 3 | 3:15; avoid “Rechtfertigung” here to prevent confusion with the Critical soteriological justification doctrine. |
| Christ died once for sins, righteous for unrighteous | Christus ist einmal für die Sünden gestorben, der Gerechte für die Ungerechten | δίκαιος ὑπὲρ ἀδίκων | dikaios hyper adikōn | Critical | (NEW) | Christ’s Substitutionary Suffering | 3 | 3:18; the letter’s central substitutionary-atonement statement; ὑπέρ must render with full vicarious force. |
| put to death in flesh, made alive in spirit | getötet nach dem Fleisch, lebendig gemacht nach dem Geist | θανατωθεὶς σαρκί, ζωοποιηθεὶς πνεύματι | thanatōtheis sarki, zōopoiētheis pneumati | Critical | (NEW) | Christ’s Substitutionary Suffering | 3 | 3:18; a third distinct sense of Fleisch/Geist within this one letter. |
| spirits in prison | Geister im Gefängnis | πνεύματα ἐν φυλακῇ | pneumata en phylakē | Critical | (NEW) | Christ’s Proclamation to the Spirits | 3 | 3:19; engages the Apostles’ Creed descensus clause and Luther’s Höllenfahrt writings; flag, do not adjudicate. |
| baptism…saves (antitype) | Taufe…rettet (als Gegenbild) | ἀντίτυπον…σῴζει βάπτισμα | antitypon…sōzei baptisma | Critical | (NEW) | Christ’s Proclamation to the Spirits | 3 | 3:21; among the most confessionally contested clauses in the curriculum; must always pair with the immediately following qualifying clause. |
| appeal of a good conscience | Bitte um ein gutes Gewissen | συνειδήσεως ἀγαθῆς ἐπερώτημα | syneidēseōs agathēs eperōtēma | Critical | (NEW) | Christ’s Proclamation to the Spirits | 3 | 3:21; essential qualifier to the preceding term, never to be separated from it. |
| arm yourselves (with the same mind) | wappnet euch | ὁπλίσασθε | hoplisasthe | Medium | (NEW) | Suffering for Righteousness’ Sake | 4 | 4:1; cross-reference to baseline armor_of_god (distinct verb/image). |
| judge of the living and the dead | Richter der Lebenden und der Toten | κρίναι ζῶντας καὶ νεκρούς | krinai zōntas kai nekrous | Critical | (NEW) | — | 4 | 4:5; must match the Apostles’/Nicene Creed’s established German wording exactly. |
| gospel preached to the dead | den Toten ist das Evangelium verkündigt worden | νεκροῖς εὐηγγελίσθη | nekrois euēngelisthē | Critical | (NEW) | Christ’s Proclamation to the Spirits | 4 | 4:6; forms one interpretive cluster with 3:19, flagged jointly. |
| love covers a multitude of sins | die Liebe deckt der Sünden Menge | ἀγάπη καλύπτει πλῆθος ἁμαρτιῶν | agapē kalyptei plēthos hamartiōn | Critical | (NEW) | Christ’s Substitutionary Suffering (contrast) | 4 | 4:8; must never be read as a rival atonement to 2:24/3:18 — mandatory cross-reference note. |
| fiery trial | Feuerprobe | πύρωσις | pyrōsis | Medium | (NEW) | Suffering for Righteousness’ Sake | 4 | 4:12; echoes 1:7’s refiner’s-fire imagery. |
| share in Christ’s sufferings | Anteil an den Leiden Christi haben | κοινωνεῖτε τοῖς παθήμασιν | koinōneite tois pathēmasin | High | (NEW, related to baseline fellowship) | Suffering for Righteousness’ Sake | 4 | 4:13; intensified doctrinal weight beyond the baseline’s ordinary Gemeinschaft usage. |
| Spirit of glory | der Geist der Herrlichkeit | τὸ τῆς δόξης Πνεῦμα | to tēs doxēs Pneuma | Critical | (NEW) | Suffering for Righteousness’ Sake | 4 | 4:14; combines two independently Critical/High baseline terms. |
| suffer as a Christian | als Christ leiden | ὡς Χριστιανός | hōs Christianos | Medium-High | (NEW) | Suffering for Righteousness’ Sake | 4 | 4:16; cultural-relevance flag re: nominal vs. costly Christian identity in secular Germany. |
| judgment begins at the household of God | das Gericht beginnt am Haus Gottes | κρίμα…ἀπὸ τοῦ οἴκου τοῦ Θεοῦ | krima…apo tou oikou tou Theou | Medium | (NEW) | — | 4 | 4:17; cross-reference 2:5’s “geistliches Haus.” |
| faithful Creator | treuer Schöpfer | πιστὸς κτίστης | pistos ktistēs | Medium | (NEW) | — | 4 | 4:19; cross-reference Colossians 1:16-17. |
| shepherd the flock of God | weidet die Herde Gottes | ποιμάνατε τὸ ποίμνιον τοῦ Θεοῦ | poimanate to poimnion tou Theou | Critical | (NEW) | Elders and Humility | 5 | 5:2; direct continuation of 2:25’s Shepherd/Overseer Christology. |
| exercising oversight | die Aufsicht führend | ἐπισκοποῦντες | episkopountes | Medium-High | (NEW) | Elders and Humility | 5 | 5:2; verb-form of 2:25’s Ἐπίσκοπος — keep “Aufseher” consistent, not “Bischof.” |
| not domineering but examples | nicht herrschend, sondern Vorbilder | μὴ κατακυριεύοντες…τύποι | mē katakyrieuontes…typoi | High | (NEW) | Elders and Humility | 5 | 5:3; ironic negative use of the Herr-root — must not diminish Christ’s own rightful Lordship. |
| chief Shepherd | Erzhirte / oberster Hirte | ἀρχιποίμην | archipoimēn | Critical | (NEW) | Elders and Humility | 5 | 5:4; Christological title continuing the Shepherd-Christology. |
| unfading crown of glory | unverwelkliche Krone der Herrlichkeit | ἀμαράντινος τῆς δόξης στέφανος | amarantinos tēs doxēs stephanos | Critical | (NEW) | Elders and Humility | 5 | 5:4; must echo 1:4’s ἀμάραντος rendering exactly. |
| clothe yourselves with humility | kleidet euch mit Demut | ἐγκομβώσασθε τὴν ταπεινοφροσύνην | egkombōsasthe tēn tapeinophrosynēn | Medium | (NEW) | Elders and Humility | 5 | 5:5; vivid apron/servant-garment metaphor, cross-reference John 13. |
| God gives grace to the humble | Gott gibt den Demütigen Gnade | ὁ Θεὸς ταπεινοῖς δίδωσιν χάριν | ho Theos tapeinois didōsin charin | High | (NEW) | Elders and Humility | 5 | 5:5; technical Gnade sense, useful contrast-anchor after the 2:19-20 everyday sense. |
| casting your anxiety on him | werft eure Sorge auf ihn | τὴν μέριμναν ἐπιρίψαντες | tēn merimnan epiripsantes | Low-Medium | (NEW) | — | 5 | 5:7. |
| adversary the devil, roaring lion | der Widersacher, der Teufel, wie ein brüllender Löwe | ἀντίδικος διάβολος ὡς λέων ὠρυόμενος | antidikos diabolos hōs leōn ōryomenos | Medium | (NEW) | — | 5 | 5:8; among the most-quoted images from the letter in German devotional tradition. |
| God of all grace, called to eternal glory | Gott aller Gnade, der euch berufen hat zu seiner ewigen Herrlichkeit | Θεὸς πάσης χάριτος…καλέσας…εἰς…δόξαν | Theos pasēs charitos…kalesas…eis…doxan | Critical | (NEW) | — | 5 | 5:10; converges three Critical/High baseline terms (Gnade, berufen, Herrlichkeit) — review as a unit. |
| restore, confirm, strengthen, establish | vollbereiten, stärken, kräftigen, gründen | καταρτίσει, στηρίξει, σθενώσει, θεμελιώσει | katartisei, stērixei, sthenōsei, themeliōsei | Medium | (NEW) | — | 5 | 5:10; note textual variation (three vs. four verbs) for teaching transparency; θεμελιόω echoes 2:4-8’s building imagery. |
| Babylon (= Rome) | Babylon | Βαβυλών | Babylōn | Low-Medium | (NEW) | — | 5 | 5:13; historical-critical footnote recommended, consistent with pipeline’s textual-note practice. |
| kiss of love | Kuss der Liebe | φίλημα ἀγάπης | philēma agapēs | Low | (NEW) | — | 5 | 5:14; brief first-century cultural-practice note recommended. |
Summary of New Doctrinal Risk Concentrations (for doctrine_risk_registry.json extension)
| Doctrine (per curriculum parameters) | Overall risk | Primary passages | German-specific driver |
|---|---|---|---|
| The Living Hope of the Resurrection | Critical | 1:3-9, 1:13-21, 1:23 | ”Wiedergeburt” collides with baptismal-regeneration confessional debate; “lebendige Hoffnung” is the anchor phrase for the whole curriculum. |
| Suffering for Righteousness’ Sake | Critical | 1:6-7, 3:14-17, 4:1, 4:12-19 | πειρασμός/Anfechtung vs. Versuchung disambiguation; φόβος’s three senses; μακάριος/selig consistency with the Matthew baseline. |
| The Church as a Holy and Royal Priesthood | Critical | 2:4-10 | Direct generative text for Luther’s allgemeines Priestertum doctrine — the single highest-stakes German-specific collision in this curriculum; γένος must never render “Rasse”; “Volk” nationalist-resonance caution. |
| Submission to Authority and Christlike Endurance | Critical | 2:13-25, 3:1-7, 5:5 | Reuses the Ephesians baseline’s Critical submission term across four distinct relational contexts; “weaker vessel” requires mandatory theologian-plus-native-speaker review per the Ephesians 5 precedent. |
| Christ’s Substitutionary Suffering | Critical | 2:21-25, 3:18 | Central ὑπέρ-substitution statement; ξύλον/“tree” cross-references Galatians’ Fluch des Gesetzes; must never be undercut by 4:8’s “love covers sins.” |
| Holiness in Conduct | High | 1:14-16, 3:1-6, 4:1-11 | ἀναστροφή/Wandel consistency; heilig reused at full doctrinal weight. |
| Elders and Humility | Critical | 5:1-6 | Shepherd/Overseer Christology (2:25) directly generative of elder ethics; κατακυριεύω’s ironic negative use of the Herr-root requires careful disambiguation from Christ’s own rightful Lordship. |
| Christ’s Proclamation to the Spirits (3:18-22) | Critical | 3:18-22, 4:6 | Engages the historic Apostles’ Creed descensus clause and Luther’s own Höllenfahrt writings; the baptism-saves clause is among the most confessionally contested in the whole curriculum. Mandatory theologian-authored, non-adjudicating framing required for both 3:19 and 4:6 as one interpretive unit. |
Critical Risk Terms
Appeal Of Good Conscience
Approved rendering: nicht ein Abwaschen leiblichen Schmutzes, sondern eine Bitte um ein gutes Gewissen vor Gott
Transliteration: syneidēseōs agathēs eperōtēma
Doctrine: Baptism as the Saving Antitype of the Flood
Original: συνειδήσεως ἀγαθῆς ἐπερώτημα
Category: Sacraments
NEW. 1 Peter 3:21b. The verse’s own built-in qualification of ‘baptism_saves,’ locating baptism’s saving efficacy in its internal, God-directed meaning, not the physical washing. This qualifying clause must NEVER be separated from ‘baptism_saves’ in any teaching or quotation.
Baptism Saves
Approved rendering: welches als Gegenbild nun auch euch rettet, die Taufe
Transliteration: antitypon…sōzei baptisma
Doctrine: Baptism as the Saving Antitype of the Flood
Original: ἀντίτυπον…σῴζει βάπτισμα
Category: Sacraments
NEW. 1 Peter 3:21. Among the most confessionally contested single clauses in this curriculum, directly engaging the German Lutheran/Catholic sacramental (Taufe als Gnadenmittel) versus Reformed/Believer’s-church (baptism as sign/response) divide. Must be rendered exactly per the source text and flagged, NOT adjudicated. NEVER quoted or taught apart from its immediately following qualifying clause — see ‘appeal_of_good_conscience.‘
Blessed
Approved rendering: selig
Transliteration: selig
Doctrine: Suffering for Righteousness’ Sake
Inherited from Romans package exactly (established via the Matthew Beatitudes doctrine). 1 Peter 3:14 and 4:14: μακάριος pronounced over those who suffer for righteousness’/Christ’s sake. MUST match the Matthew convention exactly and must NEVER be confused within this letter with the doxological εὐλογητός (1:3, see ‘doxological_blessed’) or the interpersonal εὐλογέω/εὐλογία (3:9, see ‘bless_interpersonal’) — 1 Peter is the only book in the pipeline to date using three distinct Greek ‘bless-’ words requiring three distinct German renderings.
Bore Sins On Tree
Approved rendering: er hat unsere Sünden getragen in seinem Leibe am Holz
Transliteration: anēnegken…epi to xylon
Doctrine: Christ’s Substitutionary Suffering
Rejected alternatives: am Kreuz (loses the deliberate Deuteronomic ξύλον/‘tree’ echo; do not substitute ‘Kreuz’ for ‘Holz’ here)
Original: ἀνήνεγκεν…ἐπὶ τὸ ξύλον
Category: Salvation
NEW. 1 Peter 2:24, echoing Isaiah 53:4, 12. The letter’s central substitutionary-atonement statement. ξύλον (‘tree/wood’) shares its Deuteronomy 21:23 background with Galatians 3:13’s established Critical Fluch des Gesetzes doctrine (curse_of_the_law) — a valuable, previously undocumented cross-reference this curriculum surfaces explicitly. Mandatory theologian review.
Born Again Regeneration
Approved rendering: wiedergeboren
Transliteration: wiedergeboren
Doctrine: The Living Hope of the Resurrection
Original: ἀναγεννάω
Category: Salvation
NEW. 1 Peter 1:3 and 1:23 (ἀναγεννάω). The single most confessionally live term in this letter: Lutheran and Catholic sacramental theology both associate ‘Wiedergeburt’ closely with the RITE of baptism, while 1:3 locates causal agency in God’s mercy through the resurrection, and 1:23 locates the MEANS in the living word, not explicitly the water rite. Mandatory theologian review, held together with the 3:21 baptism passage, WITHOUT adjudicating the confessional dispute in the translated text itself. Distinct verb from John’s baseline ‘born_from_above’ (γεννηθῇ ἄνωθεν).
Chief Shepherd
Approved rendering: Erzhirte / oberster Hirte
Transliteration: archipoimēn
Doctrine: Elders and Humility
Original: ἀρχιποίμην
Category: Christology
NEW. 1 Peter 5:4. Christological title directly continuing the Shepherd-Christology begun at 2:25. Either ‘Erzhirte’ (title-preserving) or ‘oberster Hirte’ (clarity-preserving) is acceptable if documented; recommend ‘oberster Hirte’ for a low-biblical-literacy audience.
Chosen Race
Approved rendering: auserwähltes Geschlecht
Transliteration: genos eklekton
Doctrine: The Church as a Holy and Royal Priesthood
Rejected alternatives: Rasse (ABSOLUTELY FORBIDDEN — Nazi-era racial-ideology contamination)
Original: γένος ἐκλεκτόν
Category: Church
NEW. 1 Peter 2:9, drawing on Isaiah 43:20/Exodus 19:6. γένος must NEVER be rendered ‘Rasse’ in German. ‘Geschlecht’ (lineage/generation/kind) is the correct and only acceptable rendering; this choice must remain permanently documented so no future reviewer substitutes ‘Rasse.‘
Christ Died Once For Sins
Approved rendering: Christus ist einmal für die Sünden gestorben, der Gerechte für die Ungerechten
Transliteration: Christos hapax…apethanen, dikaios hyper adikōn
Doctrine: Christ’s Substitutionary Suffering
Rejected alternatives: weakening ‘für’ toward ‘wegen’/‘aufgrund von’ (FORBIDDEN)
Original: Χριστὸς ἅπαξ…ἀπέθανεν, δίκαιος ὑπὲρ ἀδίκων
Category: Salvation
NEW. 1 Peter 3:18. The letter’s core doctrinal verse for Christ’s Substitutionary Suffering. The substitutionary ὑπέρ (‘for/in place of’) must be rendered with unmistakable vicarious force (‘für’), never softened toward a merely exemplary sense. Mandatory theologian review.
Flesh Ethical
Approved rendering: Fleisch
Transliteration: Fleisch
Doctrine: Holiness in Conduct
Original: σάρξ
Category: Ethics
NEW (matches baseline Galatians ethical sense exactly). 1 Peter 2:11: ‘fleischliche Begierden’ (fleshly desires) warring against the soul. Must be disambiguated from 1:24’s creaturely sense and 3:18’s mode-of-existence sense within this same letter.
Flesh Mode Of Existence
Approved rendering: getötet nach dem Fleisch, aber lebendig gemacht nach dem Geist
Transliteration: sarki / pneumati
Doctrine: Christ’s Substitutionary Suffering
Original: σάρξ / πνεῦμα
Category: Christology
NEW. 1 Peter 3:18: Christ’s own two spheres of existence — put to death in flesh, made alive in spirit — describing his death-to-resurrection transition, not an ethical conflict. A THIRD distinct sense of Fleisch/Geist within this one letter. Mandatory theologian review: teachers must be alerted that 1 Peter alone contains at least four distinct senses of this word-pair (creaturely, ethical, disposition, mode-of-existence, plus Holy Spirit), none of which may be silently merged.
Flesh
Approved rendering: Fleisch
Transliteration: Fleisch
Doctrine: Flesh versus Spirit / Christ’s Substitutionary Suffering
Inherited from Romans package exactly (baseline ethical sense established via Galatians). 1 Peter is the pipeline’s most concentrated collision point for this word: at least THREE distinct senses occur within five chapters — see ‘flesh_creaturely’ (1:24), ‘flesh_ethical’ (2:11, matches the Galatians Critical sense exactly), and ‘flesh_mode_of_existence’ (3:18, Christ’s own death-to-resurrection transition). None may be silently merged.
Freedom
Approved rendering: Freiheit
Transliteration: Freiheit
Doctrine: Freedom in Christ
Original: ἐλευθερία
Category: Ethics
Inherited from Romans package exactly. 1 Peter 2:16: freedom in Christ explicitly warned against being used as a cover for evil (‘ein Deckmantel für das Böse’). Every occurrence needs context making the Christ-given sense unmistakable, per the established Freiheit rule.
God Of All Grace
Approved rendering: der Gott aller Gnade, der euch berufen hat zu seiner ewigen Herrlichkeit
Transliteration: ho Theos pasēs charitos, ho kalesas…eis…doxan
Doctrine: God’s Sustaining Grace and Glory
Original: ὁ Θεὸς πάσης χάριτος, ὁ καλέσας…εἰς…δόξαν
Category: God
NEW. 1 Peter 5:10. Three independently Critical/High baseline terms converge in a single clause (Gnade, berufen, Herrlichkeit), all reused exactly; deserves mandatory theologian review as a unit, not merely term-by-term.
God
Approved rendering: Gott
Transliteration: Gott
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Original: Θεός
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package exactly. Named throughout the letter; risk elevated to Critical for this curriculum consistent with the letter’s own dense doctrinal usage (e.g. 1:2-3, 4:11, 5:10-11).
Gospel Preached To Dead
Approved rendering: den Toten ist das Evangelium verkündigt worden
Transliteration: nekrois euēngelisthē
Doctrine: Christ’s Proclamation to the Spirits (1 Peter 3:18-22)
Original: νεκροῖς εὐηγγελίσθη
Category: Christology
NEW. 1 Peter 4:6, the second of the letter’s two descensus-adjacent, exegetically disputed statements. Forms one interpretive cluster with ‘spirits_in_prison’ (3:19); must receive the same mandatory theologian-authored, non-adjudicating framing, presented together as one unit rather than two unrelated puzzling verses.
Grace Everyday Sense
Approved rendering: Gnade (im nichttheologischen Sinn: wohlgefällig, anerkennenswert)
Transliteration: Gnade
Doctrine: Submission to Authority and Christlike Endurance
Rejected alternatives: ein silent identical rendering of ‘Gnade’ without any distinguishing flag
Original: χάρις
Category: Ethics
NEW. 1 Peter 2:19-20: an ordinary, non-technical use of χάρις meaning roughly ‘this is commendable/favorable,’ describing a slave enduring unjust suffering. CRITICAL translation-choice flag specific to German: Luther’s tradition renders this occurrence with the identical word ‘Gnade’ used for the letter’s central soteriological doctrine (see ‘grace’ above), risking reader confusion within a four-verse span of one short letter. Every 2:19-20 occurrence must carry an explicit teaching flag distinguishing it from the technical grace doctrine.
Holy Priesthood
Approved rendering: heiliges Priestertum
Transliteration: hierateuma hagion
Doctrine: The Church as a Holy and Royal Priesthood
Original: ἱεράτευμα ἅγιον
Category: Church
NEW. 1 Peter 2:5. This letter’s single most historically loaded doctrinal term for German readers: the direct biblical basis of Luther’s doctrine of the allgemeines Priestertum (priesthood of all believers), a Reformation cornerstone standing opposite the Catholic sacramental priesthood requiring ordination. Mandatory theologian review for every occurrence; must present the doctrine so both traditions’ adherents can recognize it without adjudicating the ordained-ministry question the verse itself does not settle.
Holy Spirit
Approved rendering: Heiliger Geist
Transliteration: Heiliger Geist
Doctrine: Sanctification
Original: Πνεῦμα (ἅγιον)
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package exactly. Present at 1:2, 1:11-12, 4:14. Must be disambiguated from at least two OTHER senses of πνεῦμα within this same short letter — see ‘spirit_as_disposition’ (3:4) and the mode-of-existence sense within ‘flesh_mode_of_existence’ (3:18). German readers must not import Holy-Spirit weight into either.
Jesus Christ
Approved rendering: Jesus Christus
Transliteration: Jesus Christus
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ / Christ’s Substitutionary Suffering
Original: Ἰησοῦς Χριστός
Category: Christology
NEW (combined-title entry extending the baseline’s bare ‘jesus’ term, consistent with ‘Christus’ rendering already established throughout the pipeline’s other packages). 1 Peter’s dense doxological clauses (1:3, 5:10) and its unusually prominent suffering-Messiah connection (1:11, ‘the sufferings of Christ,’ and throughout chapters 2-4) warrant tracking this combined form as its own Critical entry.
Judge Of Living And Dead
Approved rendering: Richter der Lebenden und der Toten
Transliteration: krinai zōntas kai nekrous
Doctrine: The Final Judgment of the Living and the Dead
Original: κρίναι ζῶντας καὶ νεκρούς
Category: Eschatology
NEW. 1 Peter 4:5. MUST match the standard German ecumenical creedal wording (Apostolicum/Nicaenum) essentially verbatim, per the same discipline the baseline applied to the Lord’s Prayer and the Great Commission’s baptismal formula.
Lamb Of God Typology
Approved rendering: Lamm ohne Fehl und ohne Flecken
Transliteration: amnos amōmos kai aspilos
Doctrine: Christ’s Substitutionary Suffering
Original: ἀμνὸς ἄμωμος καὶ ἄσπιλος
Category: Christology
NEW. 1 Peter 1:19: Christ as the precious, unblemished sacrificial lamb, Passover and Isaiah 53 typology. Direct typological continuation of John’s baseline Lamm Gottes doctrine (John 1:29); must be recognized as the SAME Lamb theology, not an unrelated image.
Lamb Of God
Approved rendering: Gottes Lamm
Transliteration: Gottes Lamm
Doctrine: The Lamb of God
Inherited from Romans/John package exactly (John 1:29). 1 Peter 1:19 directly continues this typology with its own vocabulary — see ‘lamb_of_god_typology’ below for the specific 1 Peter phrasing (‘Lamm ohne Fehl und ohne Flecken’), which must be recognized by readers/teachers as the SAME Lamb theology already established, not an unrelated image.
Living Hope
Approved rendering: lebendige Hoffnung
Transliteration: lebendige Hoffnung
Doctrine: The Living Hope of the Resurrection
Rejected alternatives: Zuversicht, Optimismus
Original: ἐλπὶς ζῶσα
Category: Eschatology
NEW. Core doctrinal phrase and title-term of this curriculum (1 Peter 1:3). Low lexical-collision risk in German, but every occurrence must carry its full doctrinal weight — hope grounded in Christ’s historical, bodily resurrection, never flattened to generic confidence or optimism.
Living Stone
Approved rendering: lebendiger Stein
Transliteration: lithos zōn
Doctrine: The Church as a Holy and Royal Priesthood
Original: λίθος ζῶν
Category: Christology
NEW. 1 Peter 2:4: Christ himself as a paradoxical, animate building-stone, opening the 2:4-10 identity-title cluster. Echoes 1:3’s ‘living hope’; requires careful teaching so it is received as a deliberate paradox, not a decorative metaphor.
Lord Domestic Address
Approved rendering: Herr (im alltäglichen, nicht-göttlichen Sinn)
Transliteration: Herr
Doctrine: Marriage and Mutual Honor
Original: κύριος
Category: Christology
NEW. 1 Peter 3:6: Sarah’s ordinary, non-divine marital-honorific use of κύριος addressing Abraham. Uses the identical German word Herr as the letter’s exclusive divine-Lordship title, in a deliberately mundane sense — precisely the flattening risk the baseline’s ‘lord’ entry warned about. This verse should be used pedagogically to teach the distinction explicitly, not left to create confusion by proximity to 3:15’s sanctify-Christ-as-Lord passage only nine verses later.
Lord
Approved rendering: Herr
Transliteration: Herr
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: Meister, Chef
Original: Κύριος
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package exactly (1:3, 1:25, 2:3, 2:13, 3:15). 1 Peter is unusual in this pipeline for also using the IDENTICAL German word for two other, lower senses within the same letter — see ‘lord_domestic_address’ (3:6) and ‘lording_over_negative’ (5:3) below. All three senses must be kept sharply distinct in teaching material precisely because German ‘Herr’ has no protective alternative honorific.
Love Covers Sins
Approved rendering: die Liebe deckt der Sünden Menge
Transliteration: hē agapē kalyptei plēthos hamartiōn
Doctrine: Love and Mutual Service in the Community
Original: ἡ ἀγάπη καλύπτει πλῆθος ἁμαρτιῶν
Category: Ethics
NEW. 1 Peter 4:8, echoing Proverbs 10:12. Must never be read as competing with or supplementing Christ’s substitutionary atonement already established at 2:24 and 3:18. ‘Deckt’ describes interpersonal forbearance among believers, not a human work that atones before God. Mandatory theologian cross-reference note tying this verse back to ‘christ_died_once_for_sins’ and ‘bore_sins_on_tree’ every time it is used.
Ransom Redeem
Approved rendering: erlöst
Transliteration: lytroō
Doctrine: Christ’s Substitutionary Suffering
Rejected alternatives: gerettet (too vague, loses the commercial-legal price-paid force)
Original: λυτρόω
Category: Salvation
NEW. 1 Peter 1:18: λυτρόω, the commercial/manumission metaphor of a price paid to free a slave or captive. Connects directly to the baseline’s Lösegeld/ransom theology (Matthew 20:28, son_of_man_ransom). Must retain the ‘price paid’ force, not soften into vague ‘gerettet.‘
Righteousness
Approved rendering: Gerechtigkeit
Transliteration: Gerechtigkeit
Doctrine: Suffering for Righteousness’ Sake / Christ’s Substitutionary Suffering
Rejected alternatives: Tugend
Original: δικαιοσύνη
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package exactly. Central to 2:24, 3:14, 3:18, 4:18. Must never collapse into dutiful conduct or moral achievement; in 3:18 names Christ’s own quality as the righteous substitute for the unrighteous.
Royal Priesthood
Approved rendering: königliches Priestertum
Transliteration: basileion hierateuma
Doctrine: The Church as a Holy and Royal Priesthood
Original: βασίλειον ἱεράτευμα
Category: Church
NEW. 1 Peter 2:9, quoting Exodus 19:6. Same Reformation-doctrine sensitivity as ‘holy_priesthood,’ intensified by the ‘royal’ qualifier’s associations with Christ’s kingship and believers’ co-reigning identity. Mandatory theologian review.
Sanctify Christ As Lord
Approved rendering: Christus, den Herrn, heiligt in euren Herzen
Transliteration: hagiasate ton Kyrion ton Christon
Doctrine: Sanctifying Christ as Lord and Readiness to Give a Reasoned Defense
Original: ἁγιάσατε τὸν Κύριον τὸν Χριστόν
Category: Christology
NEW. 1 Peter 3:15, echoing Isaiah 8:13. Combines two independently Critical baseline terms (heilig and Herr) in a single clause; must render both at full doctrinal weight simultaneously, matching Romans 10:9’s Lordship confession and the baseline’s holiness doctrine at once. Mandatory theologian review.
Shepherd Overseer Of Souls
Approved rendering: Hirte und Aufseher [eurer Seelen]
Transliteration: Poimēn kai Episkopos
Doctrine: Christ’s Substitutionary Suffering / Elders and Humility
Rejected alternatives: Bischof (FORBIDDEN — imports later ecclesiastical-office connotations absent from the text)
Original: Ποιμὴν καὶ Ἐπίσκοπος
Category: Christology
NEW. 1 Peter 2:25: Christ as Shepherd and Overseer of souls, the pattern the elders of chapter 5 are called to imitate. Use ‘Aufseher,’ never ‘Bischof.’ Mandatory theologian review; generates the ch. 5 elder doctrine as one unit.
Shepherd The Flock
Approved rendering: weidet die Herde Gottes
Transliteration: poimanate to poimnion tou Theou
Doctrine: Elders and Humility
Original: ποιμάνατε τὸ ποίμνιον τοῦ Θεοῦ
Category: Ecclesiology
NEW. 1 Peter 5:2. Must be explicitly cross-referenced with 2:25’s Ποιμήν/Hirte title for Christ, so the doctrine reads as elders imitating and serving under Christ’s own shepherding, not exercising independent authority. Mandatory theologian review.
Spirit Of Glory
Approved rendering: der Geist der Herrlichkeit [und der Geist Gottes]
Transliteration: der Geist der Herrlichkeit
Doctrine: Suffering for Righteousness’ Sake
Original: τὸ τῆς δόξης [καὶ τὸ τοῦ Θεοῦ] Πνεῦμα
Category: God
NEW. 1 Peter 4:14: a combined title for the Holy Spirit resting on suffering believers, characterized by and bringing divine glory. Combines two independently Critical/High baseline terms (Heiliger Geist and Herrlichkeit) into a single title; mandatory theologian review as a unit.
Spirits In Prison
Approved rendering: den Geistern im Gefängnis…verkündet
Transliteration: pneumata en phylakē
Doctrine: Christ’s Proclamation to the Spirits (1 Peter 3:18-22)
Original: πνεύματα ἐν φυλακῇ
Category: Christology
NEW. 1 Peter 3:19, the letter’s most exegetically disputed statement. Directly engages the historic Apostles’ Creed descensus clause (‘hinabgestiegen in das Reich des Todes’ / older ‘hinabgefahren zur Hölle,’ die Höllenfahrt Christi) — Luther himself wrote directly on this text. Requires mandatory theologian-authored framing presenting the genuine interpretive range WITHOUT adjudicating it in the translated text itself. Must explicitly name-and-set-aside the Jehovah’s Witnesses’ (Neue-Welt-Übersetzung) soul-sleep/annihilationist reading as one this curriculum is not adopting.
Submission
Approved rendering: sich unterordnen
Transliteration: sich unterordnen
Doctrine: Submission to Authority and Christlike Endurance
Original: ὑποτάσσω
Category: Household Code
Inherited from Romans package exactly (established as Critical via the Ephesians household code). 1 Peter reuses ὑποτάσσω across FOUR distinct relational contexts within one letter — civil authority (2:13), household servants (2:18), wives (3:1), younger believers/elders (5:5) — the highest concentration of this term anywhere in the pipeline to date. Mandatory theologian AND native-speaker review per the Ephesians 5:22-33 precedent, given Germany’s constitutional marital-equality commitment (Grundgesetz Art. 3).
Unfading Crown Of Glory
Approved rendering: die unverwelkliche Krone der Herrlichkeit
Transliteration: amarantinos tēs doxēs stephanos
Doctrine: Elders and Humility
Original: ἀμαράντινος τῆς δόξης στέφανος
Category: Eschatology
NEW. 1 Peter 5:4. Must be rendered with the SAME German adjective (‘unverwelklich’) used at 1:4 so readers recognize Peter’s own deliberate intratextual echo; reuses baseline Herrlichkeit exactly.
Weaker Vessel
Approved rendering: das schwächere Gefäß
Transliteration: asthenesteron skeuos
Doctrine: Marriage and Mutual Honor
Original: ἀσθενέστερον σκεῦος
Category: Household Code
NEW. 1 Peter 3:7: a comparative-physical (not comparative-worth) description of wives. Mandatory theologian-AND-native-speaker review per the Ephesians 5:22-33 precedent, given Germany’s constitutional marital-equality commitment (Grundgesetz Art. 3). Must always pair with ‘fellow_heirs_of_grace’ so it is never read as a claim of lesser dignity.
High Risk Terms
Called
Approved rendering: berufen
Transliteration: berufen
Doctrine: Divine Calling
Inherited from Romans package (baseline risk was Medium; elevated to High per this curriculum’s registry). Context-sensitive across at least two 1 Peter senses: ethical calling to endure unjust suffering (2:21) and final calling to eternal glory (5:10) — check which is active per occurrence.
Calling
Approved rendering: Berufung
Transliteration: Berufung
Doctrine: Divine Calling
Inherited from Romans package (baseline risk Medium, elevated to High here). No occurrence of the bare noun form in 1 Peter distinct from the verb ‘berufen’; retained for cross-reference consistency with the doctrine risk registry’s ‘called_calling’ entry.
Church
Approved rendering: Gemeinde
Transliteration: Gemeinde
Doctrine: Church as God’s People
Rejected alternatives: Kirche (institution-default)
Inherited from Romans package exactly. The noun ἐκκλησία itself never occurs in 1 Peter, but the doctrine is fully realized through the 2:4-10 identity-title cluster (living stone, holy/royal priesthood, chosen race, holy nation, people for possession) — see those entries below.
Day Of Visitation
Approved rendering: Tag der Heimsuchung
Transliteration: hēmera episkopēs
Doctrine: Holiness in Conduct
Original: ἡμέρα ἐπισκοπῆς
Category: Eschatology
NEW. 1 Peter 2:12: the eschatological day when God’s oversight becomes manifest. ‘Heimsuchung’ also functions colloquially in contemporary German as a word for calamity/scourge/plague — a false-friend risk that could invert the verse’s meaning if unglossed. Flag for native-speaker review and a clarifying gloss.
Doxological Blessed
Approved rendering: gelobt / gepriesen [sei]
Transliteration: eulogētos
Doctrine: The Living Hope of the Resurrection
Rejected alternatives: selig (reserved for makarios)
Original: εὐλογητός
Category: Faith
NEW. 1 Peter 1:3: εὐλογητός, praise directed to God alone, opening the letter’s body. Must NOT be rendered ‘selig,’ which is reserved for μακάριος (see ‘blessed’ above). A distinct, doxological-only adjective applied to God, never to a person.
Election
Approved rendering: Erwählung
Transliteration: Erwählung
Doctrine: Election
Original: ἐκλεκτός / ἐκλογή
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package exactly. 1 Peter 1:1 (‘elect exiles’), 2:4, 2:6, 2:9 (‘chosen’ stones/people). Lutheran pastoral-comfort emphasis vs. German Reformed systematic emphasis must not be resolved unilaterally in translated text.
Father
Approved rendering: Vater
Transliteration: Vater
Doctrine: Adoption into God’s Family
Original: Πατήρ
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package exactly. 1 Peter 1:2 (Trinitarian formula), 1:3 (doxology), 1:17 (impartial judge nonetheless addressed as Father — ties to reverent ‘Furcht,’ see ‘fear_reverent’).
Fear Reverent
Approved rendering: Furcht
Transliteration: phobos
Doctrine: Holiness in Conduct
Original: φόβος
Category: Ethics
NEW. φόβος shifts across the letter between (a) reverent awe toward God (1:17), (b) respectful submission toward human authority (2:17-18; 3:2, 6), and (c) the NEGATIVE fear/intimidation believers are told NOT to have (3:14, echoing Isaiah 8:12-13) — each occurrence must be disambiguated in context; the negative sense may require a paraphrase such as ‘Drohung/Einschüchterung’ rather than reusing ‘Furcht’ a third way. Also present at 3:15 (‘mit Sanftmut und Furcht/Ehrerbietung’).
Fellow Heirs Of Grace
Approved rendering: Miterben der Gnade des Lebens
Transliteration: synklēronomoi charitos zōēs
Doctrine: Marriage and Mutual Honor
Original: συγκληρονόμοι χάριτος ζωῆς
Category: Household Code
NEW. 1 Peter 3:7: the essential balancing counterweight to ‘weaker_vessel,’ explicitly affirming full spiritual co-equality between husband and wife.
Foreknowledge
Approved rendering: Vorherwissen
Transliteration: Vorherwissen
Doctrine: Foreknowledge and Election of the Elect Exiles
Original: πρόγνωσις
Category: God
NEW. 1 Peter 1:2 (believers), 1:20 (Christ’s own pre-temporal appointment). Triggers the baseline’s mandatory theologian-review rule for election/predestination language given differing Lutheran and German Reformed emphases.
Gentiles Behavioral
Approved rendering: Heiden (im Sinne der heidnischen Lebensweise)
Transliteration: Heiden
Doctrine: Holiness in Conduct
Original: ἔθνη
Category: Ethics
NEW (behavioral sense of baseline ‘gentiles’). 1 Peter 4:3: ‘der Wille der Heiden’ — a purely behavioral/lifestyle sense of ἔθνη, NOT the ethnic-theological Jew/Gentile-unity sense the baseline’s ‘gentiles’ entry primarily addresses. Conflating the two senses risks either trivializing the unity doctrine or wrongly ethnicizing a behavioral contrast.
Gentiles
Approved rendering: Heiden
Transliteration: Heiden
Doctrine: Unity of Jews and Gentiles
Inherited from Romans package exactly. 1 Peter uses ἔθνη in TWO senses within the letter: 2:12’s general outsider-observer sense (ethnic-theological-adjacent) and 4:3’s purely behavioral/lifestyle sense (see ‘gentiles_behavioral’ below, which must be disambiguated from this baseline entry’s usual ethnic-theological Jew/Gentile-unity sense).
Glory
Approved rendering: Herrlichkeit
Transliteration: Herrlichkeit
Doctrine: Deity of Christ / Elders and Humility
Original: δόξα
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package (baseline Medium, elevated to High for this curriculum given density of combined usage). Eschatological outcome of proven faith (1:7), character of present suffering-joy (1:8), combines with Geist (4:14, see ‘spirit_of_glory’) and with berufen/Gnade (5:10, see ‘god_of_all_grace’) in dense doctrinal clauses requiring unit-level review. Also anchors 5:4’s ‘unfading crown of glory,’ which must echo 1:4’s imperishability triad.
God Gives Grace To Humble
Approved rendering: Gott gibt den Demütigen Gnade
Transliteration: ho Theos tapeinois didōsin charin
Doctrine: God’s Sustaining Grace and Glory
Original: ὁ Θεὸς ταπεινοῖς δίδωσιν χάριν
Category: Salvation
NEW. 1 Peter 5:5, quoting Proverbs 3:34. Reuses baseline Gnade exactly in its full technical soteriological sense, in deliberate contrast to the letter’s one non-technical usage at 2:19-20 — a good anchor-verse for teaching the technical/non-technical distinction clearly.
Gospel
Approved rendering: Evangelium
Transliteration: Evangelium
Doctrine: Gospel
Original: εὐαγγέλιον / εὐαγγελίζω
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package (baseline note: shared, stable term across Catholic and Protestant German Bibles since Luther). Risk elevated to High for this curriculum because 1 Peter 4:6’s ‘the gospel was preached to the dead’ (εὐηγγελίσθη) must never be silently normalized — flag jointly with 3:19 as part of the letter’s descensus interpretive cluster (Christ’s Proclamation to the Spirits doctrine). Also present at 1:12, 4:17.
Grace
Approved rendering: Gnade
Transliteration: Gnade
Doctrine: Grace
Rejected alternatives: Barmherzigkeit, Wohlwollen
Inherited from Romans package exactly (technical soteriological sense: 1:2, 1:10, 1:13, 3:7, 4:10, 5:5, 5:10, 5:12). Must be kept visibly distinct within this letter from (a) ἔλεος/Barmherzigkeit at 1:3 (see ‘mercy’ below) and (b) the letter’s own non-technical everyday use of the identical Greek word at 2:19-20 (see ‘grace_everyday_sense’ below) — a homonym-collision risk unique to this book in the pipeline so far.
Holy Nation
Approved rendering: heiliges Volk
Transliteration: ethnos hagion
Doctrine: The Church as a Holy and Royal Priesthood
Original: ἔθνος ἅγιον
Category: Church
NEW. 1 Peter 2:9. ‘Volk’ carries significant 20th-century German ideological freight (Volksgemeinschaft), similar to the baseline’s caution about Gemeinschaft. Must be presented plainly as a biblical-covenantal category with no nationalist or ethnic-exclusivist overtone.
Holy
Approved rendering: heilig
Transliteration: heilig
Doctrine: Holiness in Conduct
Rejected alternatives: rein
Original: ἅγιος / ἁγιάζω
Category: Sanctification
Inherited from Romans package (baseline Medium, elevated to High for this curriculum). 1:16’s direct Leviticus 11:44/19:2 citation (‘Seid heilig, denn ich bin heilig’) is this doctrine’s foundational proof-text. Also combines with ‘Herr’ at 3:15 (see ‘sanctify_christ_as_lord’).
Household Servants Masters
Approved rendering: Gesinde / Hausangestellte … Herren
Transliteration: oiketēs / despotēs
Doctrine: Household Code: Servants and Masters
Original: οἰκέτης / δεσπότης
Category: Household Code
NEW. 1 Peter 2:18. Thematically continuous with the baseline’s slaves_and_masters doctrine, but uses distinct Greek vocabulary from the Ephesians/Colossians δοῦλος/κύριος pairing, so the German rendering marks this as a related-but-distinct household-code unit. Requires the same explicit first-century historical-distancing framing already mandated for the Ephesians/Colossians packages, given Germany’s colonial-era slavery associations.
Living Word Of God
Approved rendering: das lebende und bleibende Wort Gottes
Transliteration: logos zōn
Doctrine: The Living Hope of the Resurrection
Original: λόγος ζῶν
Category: Scripture
NEW. 1 Peter 1:23-25: the proclaimed gospel-message, living and abiding, the means of the new birth. Must be explicitly disambiguated from John 1:1’s Logos-person doctrine (Critical baseline term) — here λόγος denotes the proclaimed MESSAGE, not the divine Logos-person, even though both are called ‘living.‘
Lording Over Negative
Approved rendering: als Herren herrschen (negativ, verboten)
Transliteration: katakyrieuein
Doctrine: Elders and Humility
Original: κατακυριεύω
Category: Ecclesiology
NEW. 1 Peter 5:3: κατακυριεύω, illegitimate domineering rule by human elders over the flock, explicitly forbidden. Built on the same Herr-root as the baseline’s Critical ‘lord’ term, here used pejoratively. Teaching material must make explicit that this warns against elders acting as illegitimate ‘little lords,’ the opposite of Christ’s own servant-shepherd model (2:25), and must never be read as diminishing Christ’s own rightful, exclusive Lordship even though the same word-root is in view.
Mercy
Approved rendering: Barmherzigkeit
Transliteration: Barmherzigkeit
Doctrine: The Living Hope of the Resurrection
Original: ἔλεος
Category: Salvation
NEW. 1 Peter 1:3: ἔλεος, God’s compassionate mercy toward those in distress, the stated ground of the new birth. The Romans baseline’s ‘grace’ entry explicitly rejected ‘Barmherzigkeit’ as an alternative for Gnade — that rejection is correct precisely because Barmherzigkeit is ἔλεος’s own proper German word here, occurring in close proximity to Gnade at 1:2-3. Both words must remain visibly distinct.
Obedience Of Faith
Approved rendering: Gehorsam des Glaubens
Transliteration: Gehorsam des Glaubens
Doctrine: Obedience of Faith
Original: ὑπακοή
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans package exactly. 1 Peter 1:2, 1:14 (‘Kinder des Gehorsams’ — a Hebraic genitive-of-quality idiom requiring paraphrase, e.g. ‘gehorsame Kinder’), 1:22. Must be guarded against reintroducing Werkgerechtigkeit.
Saints
Approved rendering: Heilige
Transliteration: die Heiligen
Doctrine: Sainthood
Inherited from Romans package exactly. Not directly addressed to ‘saints’ as a vocative anywhere in 1 Peter, but the underlying corporate-holiness doctrine pervades the letter (esp. 2:4-10); retained for cross-reference consistency and future teaching material.
Salvation
Approved rendering: Rettung
Transliteration: Rettung
Doctrine: The Living Hope of the Resurrection
Rejected alternatives: Heil (Nazi-era contamination risk), Erlösung (reserved for the distinct ransom/λυτρόω concept at 1:18 in this letter)
Original: σωτηρία
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package exactly. 1 Peter displays an unusually dense already/not-yet temporal range for this term: 1:5 future-revealed, 1:9 already-being-received, 3:21 baptismal-antitype, 4:18 scarcely-attained. Flag all four together for reviewer awareness of the shifting emphasis within one short book.
Share In Christs Sufferings
Approved rendering: Anteil an den Leiden Christi haben
Transliteration: koinōneite tois tou Christou pathēmasin
Doctrine: Participation in Christ’s Sufferings and Suffering as a Christian
Original: κοινωνεῖτε τοῖς τοῦ Χριστοῦ παθήμασιν
Category: Suffering
NEW. 1 Peter 4:13. Reuses the baseline’s Gemeinschaft word-family (fellowship) but carries substantially heavier doctrinal freight given its direct connection to Christ’s own sufferings — genuine participatory fellowship, not merely imitation. Flag for elevated (native-speaker-plus) review beyond ordinary fellowship usage.
Sin
Approved rendering: Sünde
Transliteration: Sünde
Doctrine: Christ’s Substitutionary Suffering
Inherited from Romans package (baseline Medium, elevated to High here given its centrality to 2:24 and 3:18’s substitutionary atonement statements, and 4:1/4:8’s ethical usage). Colloquial German trivialization risk noted in baseline applies equally here.
Sojourner Exile Diaspora
Approved rendering: Fremdlinge / Zerstreuung (Diaspora)
Transliteration: parepidēmos / paroikos / diaspora
Doctrine: The Church’s Diaspora and Sojourner Identity
Original: παρεπίδημος / πάροικος / διασπορά
Category: Church
NEW. 1 Peter 1:1, 2:11: the church’s identity as chosen yet socially marginal ‘sojourners’ and ‘exiles of the dispersion,’ applying specifically Jewish diaspora self-understanding metaphorically to a Gentile-majority church. Given Germany’s post-Holocaust Staatsräson-linked sensitivity to ‘Israel’ and ‘Diaspora,’ requires explicit historical-typological framing in teaching material, not silent metaphorical transfer. Mandatory theologian review.
Spirit As Disposition
Approved rendering: Geist (im Sinne von Wesen/Gemüt, nicht der Heilige Geist)
Transliteration: Geist
Doctrine: Marriage and Mutual Honor
Original: πνεῦμα
Category: Ethics
NEW. 1 Peter 3:4: a wife’s inner temperament, ‘a gentle and quiet spirit’ — NOT the Holy Spirit. Genuine false-friend risk given how frequently ‘Geist’ otherwise signals the Third Person of the Trinity in this same letter (1:2, 1:11, 1:12, 4:14). Reuses 1:4’s ἄφθαρτος (unverderblich) vocabulary applied here to inner character.
Spiritual Sacrifices
Approved rendering: geistliche Opfer
Transliteration: pneumatikai thysiai
Doctrine: The Church as a Holy and Royal Priesthood
Original: πνευματικαὶ θυσίαι
Category: Church
NEW. 1 Peter 2:5. Must not be read as reintroducing a literal or quasi-sacramental sacrificial system; the qualifying ‘geistlich’ (spiritual) is doing essential theological work and must never be dropped.
Sprinkling Of Blood
Approved rendering: Besprengung mit dem Blut
Transliteration: rantismos haimatos
Doctrine: Foreknowledge and Election of the Elect Exiles
Original: ῥαντισμὸς αἵματος
Category: Covenant
NEW. 1 Peter 1:2: ῥαντισμὸς αἵματος, covenant-ratification imagery evoking Exodus 24:8’s blood-sprinkling ceremony. A concrete covenant-sacrificial term requiring OT background explanation for a biblically low-literacy German audience; must not be softened into vague cleansing language.
Trial Testing
Approved rendering: Anfechtung / Prüfung
Transliteration: peirasmos
Doctrine: Suffering for Righteousness’ Sake
Rejected alternatives: Versuchung (FORBIDDEN — see requirements doc)
Original: πειρασμός
Category: Suffering
NEW. 1 Peter 1:6, 4:12: πειρασμός, external hardships/persecutions that test and refine faith, NOT internal temptation to sin. The letter’s single most important disambiguation term. German splits one Greek word into two real options; MUST use Anfechtung/Prüfung — NEVER Versuchung, which is the word every German reader knows best via the Vaterunser (‘und führe uns nicht in Versuchung’) and would wrongly suggest God or persecutors tempt believers toward sin. Mandatory native-speaker AND theologian review at every occurrence.
Medium Risk Terms
Adversary Devil Roaring Lion
Approved rendering: euer Widersacher, der Teufel, geht umher wie ein brüllender Löwe
Transliteration: ho antidikos…diabolos hōs leōn ōryomenos
Doctrine: Spiritual Warfare and Perseverance
Original: ὁ ἀντίδικος…διάβολος ὡς λέων ὠρυόμενος
Category: Spiritual Warfare
NEW. 1 Peter 5:8. Among the most frequently quoted single images from the letter in German devotional literature; standard, well-established rendering.
Arm Yourselves
Approved rendering: wappnet euch [mit demselben Sinn]
Transliteration: hoplisasthe
Doctrine: Suffering for Righteousness’ Sake
Original: ὁπλίσασθε
Category: Ethics
NEW. 1 Peter 4:1: a military-equipping metaphor applied to mental readiness for suffering. Worth a cross-reference note to the baseline’s armor_of_god doctrine (Ephesians 6), though this is a distinct Greek verb/image applied to attitudinal rather than full spiritual-battle readiness.
Clothe Yourselves With Humility
Approved rendering: kleidet euch [alle] mit Demut
Transliteration: egkombōsasthe tēn tapeinophrosynēn
Doctrine: Elders and Humility
Original: ἐγκομβώσασθε τὴν ταπεινοφροσύνην
Category: Ethics
NEW. 1 Peter 5:5. A vivid servant-clothing metaphor (tying on an apron); largely lost in a plain ‘kleidet euch’ rendering — teaching material should surface the concrete image, possibly cross-referencing John 13’s foot-washing.
Conduct Way Of Life
Approved rendering: Wandel
Transliteration: anastrophē
Doctrine: Holiness in Conduct
Original: ἀναστροφή
Category: Ethics
NEW. ἀναστροφή, Peter’s preferred term for observable Christian ethical practice, recurring seven times (1:15, 18; 2:12; 3:1, 2, 16). Must render consistently as ‘Wandel’ across all seven occurrences so readers recognize this as a deliberate authorial refrain, not incidental stylistic variation.
Cornerstone
Approved rendering: Eckstein
Transliteration: akrogōniaios
Doctrine: The Church as a Holy and Royal Priesthood
Original: ἀκρογωνιαῖος
Category: Christology
NEW. 1 Peter 2:6, quoting Isaiah 28:16. Standard architectural-metaphor German; low collision risk.
Defense Reasoned Account
Approved rendering: Verantwortung [für die Hoffnung geben]
Transliteration: apologia
Doctrine: Sanctifying Christ as Lord and Readiness to Give a Reasoned Defense
Rejected alternatives: Rechtfertigung (FORBIDDEN — would wrongly import the Critical soteriological justification doctrine)
Original: ἀπολογία
Category: Ethics
NEW. 1 Peter 3:15: ἀπολογία, a reasoned, respectful account of the Christian hope. Recommend ‘Verantwortung geben’ or ‘Rede und Antwort stehen’ — never ‘Rechtfertigung.‘
Example Pattern
Approved rendering: Vorbild
Transliteration: hypogrammos
Doctrine: Christ’s Substitutionary Suffering
Original: ὑπογραμμός
Category: Christology
NEW. 1 Peter 2:21: a schoolroom-writing template a student traces to learn penmanship, applied to Christ’s suffering. The vivid schoolroom-tracing image is largely lost in the standard German rendering; surface in teaching notes.
Faith
Approved rendering: Glaube
Transliteration: Glaube
Doctrine: Faith
Rejected alternatives: Weltanschauung
Original: πίστις
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans package exactly. In 1 Peter: personal trust in the unseen Christ (1:8), tested and proven genuine through suffering (1:5, 1:7, 1:9, 1:21, 5:9).
Faithful Creator
Approved rendering: einem treuen Schöpfer
Transliteration: pistos ktistēs
Doctrine: Participation in Christ’s Sufferings and Suffering as a Christian
Original: πιστὸς κτίστης
Category: God
NEW. 1 Peter 4:19, the only NT occurrence of κτίστης as a title for God. Worth a cross-reference note to the Colossians package’s creator_and_sustainer_of_all doctrine (Colossians 1:16-17).
Fellowship
Approved rendering: Gemeinschaft
Transliteration: Gemeinschaft
Doctrine: Christian Fellowship
Inherited from Romans package exactly. The verb form κοινωνέω underlies 4:13’s ‘share_in_christs_sufferings’ (see below), which carries substantially heavier doctrinal freight than this baseline noun’s ordinary usage and is tracked as a separate entry accordingly.
Fiery Trial
Approved rendering: die Feuerprobe
Transliteration: pyrōsis
Doctrine: Suffering for Righteousness’ Sake
Original: πύρωσις
Category: Suffering
NEW. 1 Peter 4:12, echoing 1:7’s refiner’s-fire imagery (δοκίμιον). Keep consistent with 1:7’s fire-testing vocabulary.
Flesh Creaturely
Approved rendering: Fleisch
Transliteration: Fleisch
Doctrine: Holiness in Conduct
Original: σάρξ
Category: Anthropology
NEW (extended sense of baseline ‘flesh’). 1 Peter 1:24, quoting Isaiah 40:6-8: ‘alles Fleisch ist wie Gras’ — the NEUTRAL, creaturely-mortality sense of σάρξ, distinct from the Galatians package’s Critical ethical-sinful-nature sense. Must be disambiguated on first occurrence.
Healed By Wounds
Approved rendering: durch seine Wunden seid ihr heil geworden / geheilt
Transliteration: iathēte
Doctrine: Christ’s Substitutionary Suffering
Original: ἰάθητε
Category: Salvation
NEW. 1 Peter 2:24, quoting Isaiah 53:5. A rare NT occurrence where the German verb-family ‘heilen/heil werden’ is the natural and correct rendering of a healing-verb, distinct from the baseline’s caution about the NOUN ‘Heil’ for salvation (Nazi-era contamination risk). The verb form carries much lower contamination risk than the noun, but the choice should be documented as deliberate.
Hypocrisy
Approved rendering: Heuchelei
Transliteration: Heuchelei
Doctrine: Holiness in Conduct
Original: ὑπόκρισις
Category: Ethics
Inherited from Romans package exactly (established in the Galatians package). 1 Peter 2:1: part of the vice-catalogue to be put away.
In Christ
Approved rendering: in Christus
Transliteration: in Christus
Doctrine: Christian Identity in Christ
Original: ἐν Χριστῷ
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans package’s established Christian-identity ‘in Christ’ formula exactly. 1 Peter 5:14’s closing benediction.
Inheritance
Approved rendering: Erbe
Transliteration: Erbe
Doctrine: The Living Hope of the Resurrection
Original: κληρονομία
Category: Eschatology
NEW. 1 Peter 1:4: κληρονομία, the believer’s certain future heavenly possession. Should be taught alongside, not merged into, the baseline’s Kindschaft/adoption doctrine. German ‘Erbe’ carries strong secular legal/testamentary connotations (Erbschaft, Erbrecht) that aid concreteness but must be anchored explicitly as heavenly, not earthly.
Judgment Begins At Household Of God
Approved rendering: das Gericht beginnt am Haus Gottes
Transliteration: to krima apo tou oikou tou Theou
Doctrine: Participation in Christ’s Sufferings and Suffering as a Christian
Original: τὸ κρίμα ἀπὸ τοῦ οἴκου τοῦ Θεοῦ
Category: Eschatology
NEW. 1 Peter 4:17. Cross-reference 2:5’s ‘geistliches Haus’ for consistency. God’s own community is not exempt from purifying judgment — indeed, it is first in view.
Power Of God
Approved rendering: Kraft Gottes
Transliteration: Kraft Gottes
Doctrine: Power of God for Salvation
Original: δύναμις Θεοῦ
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package exactly. 1 Peter 1:5: God’s sovereign capability guarding believers for salvation — the same capability that saves also keeps.
Restore Confirm Strengthen Establish
Approved rendering: vollbereiten, stärken, kräftigen, gründen
Transliteration: katartisei, stērixei, sthenōsei, themeliōsei
Doctrine: God’s Sustaining Grace and Glory
Original: καταρτίσει, στηρίξει, σθενώσει, θεμελιώσει
Category: Faith
NEW. 1 Peter 5:10. Note the minor textual-tradition question (three vs. four verbs in some manuscripts) for teaching transparency. θεμελιόω echoes 2:4-8’s building/foundation imagery.
Resurrection
Approved rendering: Auferstehung
Transliteration: Auferstehung
Doctrine: The Living Hope of the Resurrection
Original: ἀνάστασις
Category: Eschatology
Inherited from Romans package exactly. Anchor term for the core passage (1:3) and for the meaning of baptism (3:21). Chief risk remains secular-naturalist metaphor-reading rather than a German-specific collision.
Sanctification
Approved rendering: Heiligung
Transliteration: Heiligung
Doctrine: Sanctification
Original: ἁγιασμός
Category: Sanctification
Inherited from Romans package exactly. 1 Peter 1:2: the Spirit’s sanctifying work as the sphere of the elect’s calling.
Soul
Approved rendering: Seele
Transliteration: Seele
Doctrine: The Living Hope of the Resurrection
Original: ψυχή
Category: Anthropology
NEW. ψυχή, the whole self/life, not merely an immaterial soul in the Hellenistic dualistic sense; recurs 1:9, 1:22, 2:11, 2:25, 3:20, 4:19. German ‘Seele’ can drift toward body/soul dualism foreign to 1 Peter’s holistic Hebrew anthropology; teaching material must clarify the whole-person sense.
Spiritual Gifts
Approved rendering: Gnadengaben
Transliteration: Gnadengaben
Doctrine: Spiritual Gifts
Rejected alternatives: geistliche Gaben (looser)
Original: χάρισμα
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package exactly. 1 Peter 4:10: each believer as steward of God’s varied grace (ποικίλης χάριτος Θεοῦ).
Stone Of Stumbling
Approved rendering: Stein des Anstoßes
Transliteration: lithos proskommatos
Doctrine: The Church as a Holy and Royal Priesthood
Original: λίθος προσκόμματος
Category: Christology
NEW. 1 Peter 2:8, quoting Isaiah 8:14. ‘Stein des Anstoßes’ is a current, established German idiom aiding naturalness, but should be anchored back to its specific Christological referent here.
Low Risk Terms
Apostle
Approved rendering: Apostel
Transliteration: Apostel
Doctrine: Apostleship
Inherited from Romans package exactly. 1 Peter 1:1’s self-designation ‘Apostel Jesu Christi.‘
Exhort
Approved rendering: ermahnen
Transliteration: ermahnen
Doctrine: Mutual Edification
Original: παρακαλέω
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans package exactly. 1 Peter 5:12: the letter’s own closing self-description as exhortation testifying to God’s true grace.
Jesus
Approved rendering: Jesus
Transliteration: Jesus
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Inherited from Romans package exactly. Bare proper name; see ‘jesus_christ’ below for the letter’s frequent combined-title usage in its dense doxological clauses.
Kiss Of Love
Approved rendering: Kuss der Liebe
Transliteration: philēma agapēs
Doctrine: Closing Greetings and Peace
Original: φίλημα ἀγάπης
Category: Church
NEW. 1 Peter 5:14, the distinctively early-Christian greeting practice. Brief cultural-practice note recommended for a contemporary German audience unfamiliar with the first-century custom.
Peace
Approved rendering: Friede
Transliteration: Friede
Doctrine: Peace with God
Original: εἰρήνη
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package exactly. Opening greeting (1:2) and closing benediction (5:14).
Prophecy
Approved rendering: Weissagung
Transliteration: Weissagung
Doctrine: Fulfillment of Prophecy
Inherited from Romans package exactly. 1 Peter 1:10-12 extends the baseline’s fulfillment_of_prophecy doctrine; low OT literacy among the target audience requires explicit cross-referencing in teaching material rather than a new term-level flag.
Prophet
Approved rendering: Prophet
Transliteration: Prophet
Doctrine: Inspiration of Scripture
Inherited from Romans package exactly. 1 Peter 1:10-12: the prophets who searched out and predicted the sufferings and glories of Christ through the Spirit of Christ within them.
Referenced passages