Core Glossary
08 — Core Glossary: 2 Chronicles (German)
This glossary consolidates every load-bearing theological term identified in 07_semantic_analysis.md, across the whole book (chs. 1–36), for destination language German. Terms already fixed in the baseline Romans translation_memory.json are marked [REUSE — baseline] and must be rendered exactly as recorded there; no alternative may be substituted. New terms required by this curriculum are marked [NEW] and are proposed for addition to translation memory as version increments in Phase 2. Risk tiers follow the baseline’s four-tier framework (Critical / High / Medium / Low) and drive the same review-routing rules established in doctrine_risk_registry.json.
A. Terms Reused Exactly from the Baseline Romans Translation Memory
| Term (EN) | Hebrew Original | Transliteration | German Rendering | Risk | Doctrine | 2 Chronicles Citations | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| God | אֱלֹהִים / יהוה | Elohim / YHWH | Gott | Critical | Temple Worship and God’s Presence | throughout | REUSE exactly. |
| Lord | יהוה / אֲדֹנָי | Adonai | Herr | Critical | Faithful and Unfaithful Kings | throughout | REUSE exactly; note baseline’s “Mr.”-collision caution applies equally here. |
| David | דָּוִיד | David | David | Low | Faithful and Unfaithful Kings; Hope of Restoration | throughout | REUSE exactly. |
| Israel | יִשְׂרָאֵל | Yisra’el | Israel | Medium | Exile as Covenant Consequence; Hope of Restoration | throughout | REUSE exactly; baseline’s Staatsräson-conflation caution is intensified across this whole book’s land/exile material. |
| holy | קָדוֹשׁ | qadosh | heilig | Medium | Temple Worship and God’s Presence | 3:8; 7:16 (root); 29:5,15-19 | REUSE root exactly. |
| sanctification (consecrate) | קדש (root) | qadash | heiligen / geheiligt | Medium | Temple Worship and God’s Presence | 3:1; 7:16,20; 29:5,17,19,34; 30:8 | REUSE baseline heilig-family verb. |
| glory | כָּבוֹד | kavod | Herrlichkeit | Medium-High | Temple Worship and God’s Presence | 5:13-14; 7:1-3; 9:1-28 (human referent) | REUSE exactly. Flag: same German word must serve both divine and royal glory referents — disambiguate by context. |
| covenant | בְּרִית | berit | Bund | High | Faithful and Unfaithful Kings; Exile as Covenant Consequence | 5:2,7; 6:11,14; 7:18; 13:5; 15:12; 21:7; 23:16; 29:10; 34:31-32 | REUSE exactly. |
| sin | חַטָּאת / חָטָא | chattat / chata | Sünde | Medium | Conditional Blessing and National Repentance | 6:22-39; 7:14; 33:19 | REUSE exactly; distinguish from Untreue (ma’al) — see below. |
| forgive | סָלַח | salach | vergeben | Low | Conditional Blessing and National Repentance | 6:21,25,27,30,39; 7:14 | REUSE exactly (matches Matthew package rendering). |
| law | תּוֹרָה / חֻקִּים / מִשְׁפָּטִים | torah / chuqqim / mishpatim | Gesetz (torah); Satzungen/Rechtsordnungen (chuqqim/mishpatim) | High | Faithful and Unfaithful Kings; Reform under Hezekiah and Josiah | 6:16; 7:17,19; 17:9; 19:10; 34:14-32 | REUSE Gesetz for torah only; do not import Pauline law/grace polemic into this OT-positive register. |
| election / chosen | בָּחַר | bachar | erwählt / Erwählung | High | Temple Worship and God’s Presence | 6:6; 7:12,16; 33:7 | REUSE exactly. |
| prophet | נָבִיא | navi | Prophet | Low-Medium | Faithful and Unfaithful Kings | 12:5,15; 18 (Micaiah); 20:20; 21:12 (Elijah letter); 24:20 (Zechariah); 25:15-16; 28:9; 29:25; 34:22 (Huldah); 36:12 (Jeremiah) | REUSE exactly. |
| prophecy | נְבוּאָה | nevu’ah | Weissagung | Low | Faithful and Unfaithful Kings; Hope of Restoration | 9:29; 15:8; 36:22 | REUSE exactly. |
| intercession/prayer for others | פלל (hitpael) | palal / tefillah | Fürbitte / Gebet | Medium | Conditional Blessing and National Repentance | 6:19-42; 30:18-20; 32:20; 33:13 | REUSE Fürbitte for other-directed intercession; Gebet/beten for general prayer. |
| providence | — (theological category) | — | Vorsehung | Medium-High | Hope of Restoration | 36:22 (Cyrus’s spirit stirred) | REUSE exactly; must convey personal, purposive divine action through a pagan ruler. |
| peace | שָׁלוֹם | shalom | Friede | Low | Temple Worship and God’s Presence | 14:5-6; 15:15; 20:30 | REUSE exactly. |
| thanksgiving | תּוֹדָה | todah | Danksagung | Low | Temple Worship and God’s Presence | 5:13; 7:6; 20:21; 29:31 | REUSE exactly. |
| kingdom (of David/Israel, historical) | מַמְלָכָה | mamlachah | Königreich (historical), distinct from Reich Gottes (theological) | Medium | Faithful and Unfaithful Kings | throughout | Keep the historical Davidic kingdom distinct from the baseline’s kingdom_of_god theological doctrine-term. |
| seed of David / Davidic descendant | זֶרַע דָּוִיד | zera David | Nachkomme Davids | Medium | Faithful and Unfaithful Kings; Hope of Restoration | 21:7; 22:10-12; 23 | REUSE exactly. |
| exhort | — (prophetic rebuke) | — | ermahnen | Low | Faithful and Unfaithful Kings | 19:2; 24:19; 25:15-16 | REUSE exactly for prophetic warning speech. |
| gentiles/nations (as “other peoples”) | עַמִּים / גּוֹיִם | ammim / goyim | Heiden / Völker | High | Exile as Covenant Consequence | 6:32-33; 7:20; 32:13-19; 36:14 | REUSE exactly; retain baseline’s antisemitism-sensitivity discipline given this book’s judgment-on-Israel narrative arc. |
| deliver/save (historical-military) | יָשַׁע | yasha | retten | High | Reform under Hezekiah and Josiah | 32:11,15,17,22 | REUSE baseline Rettung-family verb; flag type/fulfillment distinction from soteriological salvation doctrine. |
| worship/bow down | הִשְׁתַּחֲוָה | hishtachavah | anbeten | Medium | Faithful and Unfaithful Kings | 7:19,22; 20:18; 24:17-18; 29:28-30; 33:3 | REUSE exactly (matches baseline worship_in_spirit_and_truth verb). |
B. New Terms Required for This Curriculum
| Term (EN) | Hebrew Original | Transliteration | Literal Meaning | German Rendering | Risk | Doctrine | Citations | Rationale / Alternatives Rejected |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| called by my name (ownership idiom) | נִקְרָא־שְׁמִי עֲלֵיהֶם | niqra shemi aleihem | ”my name is called over them” | die nach meinem Namen genannt sind | Critical | Conditional Blessing and National Repentance | 7:14 | Rejected: berufen/Berufung — would wrongly conflate this ownership-by-Name idiom with the baseline’s distinct vocational/effectual-calling doctrine and trigger the documented Berufung homonym collision. |
| humble oneself | כנע (niphal) | kana’ | to be humbled, bow down | sich demütigen | Critical | Conditional Blessing and National Repentance; Faithful and Unfaithful Kings | 7:14; 12:6-7,12; 30:11; 32:26; 33:12,19,23; 34:27; 36:12 | Book-length thematic refrain; must be rendered identically at every occurrence — the single most important consistency requirement in this glossary. |
| seek my face | בקש פנים | baqash panim | ”seek my face” | mein Angesicht suchen | High | Conditional Blessing and National Repentance | 7:14 | Rejected a purely idiomatic paraphrase (e.g. “Gott suchen” alone) because it loses the deliberate “face” imagery tied to the sanctuary-presence theology; requires a first-occurrence gloss against literal/anthropomorphic misreading. |
| turn from wicked ways (OT repentance, shuv) | שוב מדרכים רעים | shuv midarakhim ra’im | to turn/return from evil ways | umkehren von den bösen Wegen | High | Conditional Blessing and National Repentance | 7:14,19; 15:2 | Rejected reusing baseline Buße (reserved for NT metanoia and already flagged for its own distinct confessional/sacramental history) to avoid importing an unrelated doctrinal dispute into OT narrative exposition. |
| heal (the land) | רפא | rapha | to heal, restore | heilen | Medium | Conditional Blessing and National Repentance | 7:14; (negative echo) 36:16 marpe | Standard verb form; note shared root with the flagged noun Heil (Nazi-era caution) without recommending avoidance of the necessary verb; must visibly echo 36:16’s “no remedy” for the book’s central literary inclusio. |
| no remedy | מַרְפֵּא | marpe | healing, remedy | keine Heilung mehr / kein Heilmittel mehr | Critical | The Exile as Covenant Consequence | 36:16 | Deliberate negative counterpart to 7:14’s “heal”; German rendering must share visible root vocabulary with heilen so the book’s structuring inclusio is perceptible to German readers as it is to Hebrew readers. |
| house (of the LORD) / temple | בַּיִת | bayit | house, dwelling | Haus des HERRN / Tempel | Medium | Temple Worship and God’s Presence | throughout, esp. 2-7 | ”Haus des HERRN” primary (relational, dwelling-place sense); “Tempel” as supporting architectural term to avoid museum-register flattening. |
| house of sacrifice | בֵּית זָבַח | beit zevach | house of sacrifice | Opferhaus / Haus des Opfers | Medium | Temple Worship and God’s Presence | 7:12 | Requires context to avoid a merely gruesome reading; typological NT connections belong to teaching material, not this translation. |
| statutes and ordinances | חֻקִּים וּמִשְׁפָּטִים | chuqqim u-mishpatim | statutes and judgments | Satzungen und Rechtsordnungen | Medium-High | Faithful and Unfaithful Kings | 7:17,19 | Distinct sub-categories of Torah, must be kept distinguishable from the singular baseline Gesetz and its Pauline law/grace polemic. |
| uproot | נתש | natash | to pluck up, uproot | entwurzeln / herausreißen | Medium-High | The Exile as Covenant Consequence | 7:20 | Retain the agricultural land-gift-reversal force, not a generic “punish.” |
| proverb and byword | מָשָׁל וּשְׁנִינָה | mashal u-shninah | proverb and taunt-saying | Sprichwort und Spottlied | Medium | The Exile as Covenant Consequence | 7:20 | Idiom requiring gloss; public-humiliation force must be retained. |
| other gods | אֱלֹהִים אֲחֵרִים | elohim acherim | other gods | andere Götter | Medium | Faithful and Unfaithful Kings | 7:19,22; throughout apostasy narratives | Standard OT vocabulary, consistent rendering required throughout. |
| calamity/disaster (judicial) | רָעָה | ra’ah | evil, disaster | Unglück / Übel | Medium | The Exile as Covenant Consequence | 7:22; 20:37; 36:16 | Must not be rendered “das Böse” (moral evil) — this is judicial/historical disaster, not abstract ethical evil. |
| wisdom | חָכְמָה | chokmah | skill, discernment | Weisheit | Low-Medium | Temple Worship and God’s Presence (Solomon narrative) | 1:10-12; 9:5-8,22-23 | Standard; low false-friend risk in devotional register. |
| high place (shifting valence) | בָּמָה | bamah | elevated cultic site | Höhe / Kulthöhe | Medium-High | Faithful and Unfaithful Kings; Reform under Hezekiah and Josiah | 1:3 (positive, pre-Temple); 14:3,5; 15:17; 17:6; 20:33; 21:11; 28:4,25; 31:1; 33:3,17; 34:3 (condemned) | Flag the term’s shift from a legitimate pre-centralization worship site (ch. 1) to a condemned syncretistic site (ch. 14 onward) so translators do not create an apparent contradiction. |
| Holy of Holies | קֹדֶשׁ הַקֳּדָשִׁים | qodesh haqodashim | holy of holies | das Allerheiligste | Medium-High | Temple Worship and God’s Presence | 3:8-10; 4:22; 5:7 | Central to the sanctuary’s graduated-holiness architecture. |
| glory cloud | עָנָן | anan | cloud | Wolke | Medium | Temple Worship and God’s Presence | 5:13-14 | Must not be flattened to a merely meteorological cloud — echoes the wilderness Tabernacle theophany. |
| steadfast love (chesed refrain) | חֶסֶד | chesed | covenant loyalty, lovingkindness | Güte | High | Temple Worship and God’s Presence | 5:13; 7:3,6; 20:21 | Must NOT be rendered Gnade — that baseline term is reserved for the NT forensic-grace sense; Güte follows Luther’s established rendering of this specific liturgical refrain (cf. Ps 136) and preserves the distinct covenant-loyalty nuance of chesed. |
| foreigner (Solomon’s prayer) | נָכְרִי | nokri | foreigner, stranger | Fremder / Ausländer | Medium | Temple Worship and God’s Presence | 6:32-33 | Early universal-scope note; keep historically bounded, do not overclaim NT Gentile-inclusion doctrine for this OT text itself. |
| fire from heaven (consuming sacrifice) | אֵש (מִן־הַשָּׁמַיִם) | esh (min hashamayim) | fire from heaven | Feuer vom Himmel | Medium-High | Temple Worship and God’s Presence | 7:1,3 | Authenticates the sacrificial system and Temple’s legitimacy; not mere spectacle. |
| trust/rely (battlefield reliance) | בָּטַח | batach | to trust, rely | sich verlassen auf / vertrauen | Medium | Faithful and Unfaithful Kings | 13:18; 14:11; 16:7-8; 20:20 | Distinct OT battlefield/covenantal-reliance nuance from baseline Glaube (personal saving trust in Christ); do not conflate. |
| seek (inquire of the LORD) | דָּרַש | darash | to seek, inquire | den HERRN suchen | Medium | Faithful and Unfaithful Kings; Reform under Hezekiah and Josiah | 14:4,7; 15:2,4,12-13; 17:4; 20:3-4; 22:9; 26:5; 31:21; 34:3 | Distinct Hebrew root from baqash (“seek my face,” 7:14) though often rendered with the same German verb “suchen”; translator’s note recommended. |
| misplaced reliance (contrast term) | שָׁעַן | sha’an | to lean on | sich stützen auf | Medium | Faithful and Unfaithful Kings | 16:7 | Negative-example contrast with batach; keep the misplaced-trust force explicit. |
| lamp (of David, dynastic symbol) | נֵר | ner | lamp | Leuchte / Lampe (Davids) | Medium-High | Faithful and Unfaithful Kings; Hope of Restoration | 21:7 | Dynastic-continuance symbol not self-evident to German readers; requires explanatory gloss on first occurrence. |
| trespass/unfaithfulness (cultic breach of trust) | מַעַל | ma’al | treachery against sacred trust | Untreue / Treuebruch (gegen das Heilige) | Critical | Faithful and Unfaithful Kings | 26:16-18 (Uzziah); cf. also implied 28; 33 | Names the doctrine title’s own distinction between “faithful and unfaithful kings”; must be kept clearly distinct from generic Sünde. Mandatory glossary entry. |
| abomination | תּוֹעֵבָה | to’evah | detestable thing | Abscheulichkeit / Greuel | Medium-High | Faithful and Unfaithful Kings | 28:3; 33:2; 34:33; 36:14 | Names specific covenant-violating cultic practices (e.g., child sacrifice), not a vague moral judgment. |
| purify (cultic cleansing) | טָהֵר | taher | to purify, cleanse | reinigen | Medium | Reform under Hezekiah and Josiah | 29:15-19; 30:18-20; 34:3,8 | Concrete ritual-cleansing sense, distinct from the abstract baseline Heiligung. |
| Passover | פֶּסַח | Pesach | Passover | Passah / Passahfest | Medium | Reform under Hezekiah and Josiah | 30:1-27; 35:1-19 | Established loanword, distinct from Ostern; NT lamb-of-God typology belongs to teaching material, not this OT translation. |
| exile / captivity | גָּלָה / גָּלוּת | galah / galut | to go into exile; captivity | Verbannung / die babylonische Gefangenschaft | Critical | The Exile as Covenant Consequence | 36:17-21 | German-specific collision risk: bare Exil strongly evokes 20th-century anti-Nazi émigré literature (Exilliteratur) in German cultural memory; prefer Verbannung or the traditional historical compound to keep the ancient covenantal referent unambiguous. |
| the land kept its sabbaths | שָׁבַת | shabbat (verb) | to rest, keep sabbath | bis das Land seine Sabbate genossen hatte | Medium | The Exile as Covenant Consequence | 36:21 | Land-under-covenant-law motif, easily overlooked; echoes Leviticus 26:34. |
| restoration/rebuilding | — | — | restoration | Wiederherstellung / Wiederaufbau | Medium | Hope of Restoration | 36:22-23 | Positive-hope register; deliberate contrast with the chapter’s opening judgment material. |
C. Risk Summary for This Curriculum
| Risk Tier | Count (New Terms) | Review Routing |
|---|---|---|
| Critical | 6 (called-by-my-name; humble oneself; no remedy; ma’al/unfaithfulness; exile/Verbannung; wrath-and-post-Holocaust-sensitivity cross-cutting note) | Human theologian, mandatory for every occurrence |
| High | 8 (seek my face; turn from wicked ways; statutes and ordinances [Medium-High]; chesed/Güte; lamp of David [Medium-High]; deliver/save typology; providence/Cyrus; land-conflation caution) | Human theologian |
| Medium-High | 7 (house of sacrifice→Medium; uproot; proverb and byword; high place shifting valence; Holy of Holies; fire from heaven; abomination) | Human theologian or native speaker per baseline routing rules |
| Medium | remainder (house/temple; heal; calamity; wisdom; cloud; foreigner; trust/rely; seek/darash; misplaced reliance; purify; Passover; sabbath-land; restoration) | Native speaker review |
| Low | standard reused baseline terms (God, David, prophet, thanksgiving, peace, etc.) | Automated review, per baseline conventions |
Mandatory cross-cutting note for Phase 2: The refrain sich demütigen (humble oneself, 7:14; 12:6-7,12; 30:11; 32:26; 33:12,19,23; 34:27; 36:12) and the heilen / keine Heilung mehr inclusio (7:14 / 36:16) are the two most structurally important consistency requirements in this glossary. Any deviation in rendering across the 36 chapters will damage the reader’s ability to perceive Chronicles’ own theological argument and must be treated as a Critical-tier translation defect regardless of the individual verse’s assigned risk tier.
Critical Risk Terms
God
Approved rendering: Gott
Transliteration: Gott
Doctrine: Temple Worship and God’s Presence
Original: אֱלֹהִים / יהוה
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package (identical German rendering carried forward, no deviation permitted). Israel’s one, true, personal covenant God who dwells among his people at the Temple; never a generic deity or impersonal ultimate reality.
Lord
Approved rendering: Herr
Transliteration: Herr
Doctrine: Temple Worship and God’s Presence; Faithful and Unfaithful Kings
Rejected alternatives: Meister, Chef
Original: יהוה / אֲדֹנָי
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package exactly. The baseline’s caution that ‘Herr’ doubles as the everyday German honorific ‘Mr.’ with no protective alternative applies with equal force in this book’s direct-address dedication prayer (2 Chronicles 6-7:22).
Wrath
Approved rendering: Zorn
Transliteration: Zorn
Doctrine: Divine Wrath and Judgment
Original: חֵמָה / קֶצֶף / אַף
Category: God
NEW, CRITICAL German-specific sensitivity. Hebrew chemah/qetsef/aph, escalating across chs. 12,16,19,21,24,28,34, climaxing 36:16. This is Israel’s own internal, self-critical covenant theology about its own history and must never be framed as external validation of later antisemitic judgment-narratives, paralleling the baseline’s his_blood_be_on_us discipline. Mandatory theologian-authored anti-antisemitism framing required for every occurrence.
Called By My Name
Approved rendering: die nach meinem Namen genannt sind
Transliteration: die nach meinem Namen genannt sind
Doctrine: Conditional Blessing and National Repentance
Rejected alternatives: berufen/Berufung
Original: נִקְרָא־שְׁמִי עֲלֵיהֶם
Category: Repentance and Blessing
NEW, CRITICAL, mandatory glossary entry. Hebrew niqra shemi aleihem (7:14), an ownership/identification-by-Name idiom, NOT the vocational/effectual-calling sense the baseline reserves for berufen/Berufung. Using ‘berufen’ would collapse two distinct doctrines and trigger the baseline’s documented Berufung/career/legal-appeal homonym collision.
Humble Oneself
Approved rendering: sich demütigen
Transliteration: sich demütigen
Doctrine: Humbling Oneself as a Recurring National Theme
Original: כנע (niphal)
Category: Repentance and Blessing
NEW, CRITICAL, book-length consistency mandate. Hebrew kana’ (niphal), 7:14; 12:6-7,12; 30:11; 32:26; 33:12,19,23; 34:27; 36:12. Must render identically at every single occurrence across all 36 chapters — the single most important consistency requirement in this curriculum; no stylistic variation is permitted.
No Remedy
Approved rendering: keine Heilung mehr / kein Heilmittel mehr
Transliteration: keine Heilung mehr / kein Heilmittel mehr
Doctrine: The Exile as Covenant Consequence
Rejected alternatives: es gab keine Rettung mehr (severs the heilen root-echo)
Original: מַרְפֵּא
Category: Repentance and Blessing
NEW, CRITICAL. Hebrew marpe (36:16), the deliberate negative bookend to 7:14’s ‘heal’ (rapha), sharing its root. German rendering must share visible root vocabulary with ‘heilen’ so the book’s own structuring literary device survives translation.
Cultic Unfaithfulness Maal
Approved rendering: Untreue / Treuebruch (gegen das Heilige)
Transliteration: Untreue / Treuebruch (gegen das Heilige)
Doctrine: Cultic Unfaithfulness (Ma’al)
Rejected alternatives: Sünde (too generic, erases the technical category)
Original: מַעַל
Category: Kingship
NEW, CRITICAL, mandatory glossary entry. Hebrew ma’al (26:16-18, Uzziah’s unauthorized incense). Names the technical concept the doctrine title ‘Faithful and Unfaithful Kings’ itself translates; must never collapse into generic Sünde.
Exile Captivity
Approved rendering: Verbannung / die babylonische Gefangenschaft
Transliteration: Verbannung / die babylonische Gefangenschaft
Doctrine: The Exile as Covenant Consequence
Rejected alternatives: Exil (bare loanword)
Original: גָּלָה / גָּלוּת
Category: Exile
NEW, CRITICAL, German-specific, mandatory glossary entry. Hebrew galah/galut (36:17-21). The bare loanword ‘Exil’ collides with 20th-century German Exilliteratur cultural memory (Thomas Mann, Bertolt Brecht); prefer ‘Verbannung’ or the traditional compound. Use ‘Exil’ only with sufficient anchoring context, never standing alone.
High Risk Terms
Glory
Approved rendering: Herrlichkeit
Transliteration: Herrlichkeit
Doctrine: Temple Worship and God’s Presence
Original: כָּבוֹד
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package exactly. HIGH RISK specific to this book: the identical German word must serve both God’s Temple-filling presence (5:13-14; 7:1-3) and Solomon’s own royal wealth and renown (ch. 9); reviewers must confirm the intended referent at every occurrence rather than assuming the divine sense by default.
Covenant
Approved rendering: Bund
Transliteration: Bund
Doctrine: The Davidic Covenant and Dynastic Promise; Reform under Hezekiah and Josiah
Original: בְּרִית
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package exactly. Must carry both the Davidic dynastic covenant (7:17-18; 21:7) and the Mosaic covenant/law (34:31-32) without the reader losing track of which covenant is operative; supply a light contextual qualifier (‘der Bund mit David’ / ‘der Bund am Sinai’) where the text itself leaves this ambiguous.
Sin
Approved rendering: Sünde
Transliteration: Sünde
Doctrine: Conditional Blessing and National Repentance; Faithful and Unfaithful Kings
Original: חַטָּאת / חָטָא
Category: Repentance and Blessing
Inherited from Romans package rendering (risk raised from the baseline’s Medium to High for this curriculum specifically) because ‘Sünde’ must be kept clearly distinct from the narrower technical term ‘Untreue/Treuebruch’ (ma’al, cultic sacred-trust breach) — see cultic_unfaithfulness_maal — a distinction the baseline Romans package did not need to draw.
Law Torah
Approved rendering: Gesetz
Transliteration: Gesetz
Doctrine: Faithful and Unfaithful Kings; Reform under Hezekiah and Josiah
Original: תּוֹרָה
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package exactly (torah sense only). Must NOT import the Pauline law/grace polemic of Galatians into this OT-positive register, where ‘Gesetz’ functions as treasured, rediscovered covenant instruction (17:9; 34:14-32), never a polemical target.
Election Chosen
Approved rendering: erwählt / Erwählung
Transliteration: erwählt / Erwählung
Doctrine: Divine Election of the Temple Site
Original: בָּחַר
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package exactly. Here applied to God’s sovereign choice of the Temple site (7:12,16) and of persons (33:7); must not read as arbitrary preference, and must not be conflated with modern geopolitical territorial claims given Germany’s Staatsräson-linked sensitivity to ‘Israel’/‘land’ language.
Providence
Approved rendering: Vorsehung
Transliteration: Vorsehung
Doctrine: Providence through Cyrus
Original: הֵעִיר (רוּח)
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package exactly. Must convey personal, purposive divine action operating through the pagan king Cyrus (36:22), not impersonal historical coincidence — the same distinction the baseline already requires for Romans 8:28, now applied to a non-Israelite ruler acting from his own political motives.
Gentiles Nations
Approved rendering: Heiden / Völker
Transliteration: Heiden / Völker
Doctrine: The Exile as Covenant Consequence
Original: עַמִּים / גּוֹיִם
Category: Exile
Inherited from Romans package rendering (risk raised from the baseline’s Medium to High for this curriculum) because this book’s surrounding-nations material functions within a narrative of judgment ON Israel/Judah (7:20; 36:14) rather than gospel inclusion; the baseline’s Juden-und-Heiden historical-sensitivity discipline must be applied with even greater care here.
Grace
Approved rendering: Gnade
Transliteration: Gnade
Doctrine: The Steadfast Love (Chesed) Liturgical Refrain
Rejected alternatives: Barmherzigkeit, Wohlwollen
Inherited from Romans package exactly and reproduced here specifically to document a MANDATORY EXCEPTION for this curriculum: this baseline Critical-risk term must NOT be used to render the Hebrew chesed (steadfast covenant love, 5:13; 7:3,6; 20:21). Use ‘Güte’ instead — see steadfast_love_chesed. This is the one place in this curriculum where a baseline term must be deliberately avoided rather than reused.
Salvation
Approved rendering: Rettung
Transliteration: Rettung
Doctrine: Divine Deliverance from National Enemies
Rejected alternatives: Heil (Nazi-era contamination risk), Erlösung (more existential/liberation-flavored)
Inherited from Romans package exactly, reproduced here to document the required type/fulfillment distinction from this book’s historical-military deliverance sense (Hebrew yasha, 32:11-22) — see deliverance_save. The identical German verb ‘retten’ serves both referents; teaching material must note the distinction explicitly since the translated text alone cannot disambiguate.
Holy Of Holies
Approved rendering: das Allerheiligste
Transliteration: das Allerheiligste
Doctrine: Temple Worship and God’s Presence
Original: קֹדֶשׁ הַקֳּדָשִׁים
Category: Temple Worship
NEW. Hebrew qodesh haqodashim (3:8-10; 4:22; 5:7). Reuses the heilig root as a compound. Central to the sanctuary’s graduated-holiness architecture; teaching material must explain this architecture for OT-illiterate readers.
Glory Cloud
Approved rendering: Wolke
Transliteration: Wolke
Doctrine: The Glory Cloud and Divine Presence
Original: עָנָן
Category: God
NEW. Hebrew anan (5:13-14). Must be glossed on first occurrence against a merely meteorological reading; anchors explicitly to the Exodus 40 wilderness Tabernacle theophany.
Fire From Heaven
Approved rendering: Feuer vom Himmel
Transliteration: Feuer vom Himmel
Doctrine: Temple Worship and God’s Presence
Original: אֵש (מִן־הַשָּׁמַיִם)
Category: God
NEW. Hebrew esh (min hashamayim), 7:1,3. Authenticates the Temple’s legitimacy and the sacrificial system’s acceptance; must not be reduced to dramatic spectacle.
Davidic Dynasty Promise
Approved rendering: den Thron aufrichten/befestigen
Transliteration: den Thron aufrichten/befestigen
Doctrine: The Davidic Covenant and Dynastic Promise
Original: וַהֲקִימוֹתִי אֶת־כִּסֵּא מַלְכוּתֶךָ
Category: Covenant
NEW. Hebrew vahaqimoti et-kisse malkhutecha (7:17-18). Must be read together with ‘Bund’ and ‘Nachkomme Davids’; teaching material must address the tension between this conditional-occupancy promise and 7:16’s unconditional Name-promise.
Lamp Of David
Approved rendering: Leuchte / Lampe (Davids)
Transliteration: Leuchte / Lampe (Davids)
Doctrine: The Lamp of David Preserved
Original: נֵר
Category: Covenant
NEW. Hebrew ner (21:7). Dynastic-continuity symbol with no automatic German idiomatic equivalent; requires an explanatory gloss on first occurrence. Carries Christological weight (the preserved messianic line) beyond this book alone.
Statutes And Ordinances
Approved rendering: Satzungen und Rechtsordnungen
Transliteration: Satzungen und Rechtsordnungen
Doctrine: Faithful and Unfaithful Kings
Original: חֻקִּים וּמִשְׁפָּטִים
Category: Covenant
NEW. Hebrew chuqqim u-mishpatim (7:17,19; 19:10). Distinct sub-categories of Mosaic legislation; must be kept distinguishable from the singular baseline Gesetz and its Pauline law/grace polemic.
Book Of The Law
Approved rendering: das Buch des Gesetzes
Transliteration: das Buch des Gesetzes
Doctrine: The Book of the Law Rediscovered
Original: סֵפֶר הַתּוֹרָה
Category: Covenant
NEW compound reusing baseline Gesetz. Hebrew sefer haTorah (34:14-32). Must retain the narrative’s dramatic rediscovery force (‘man fand,’ ‘wiederentdeckte’) rather than reading as a flat reference; directly enacts the core passage’s repentance pattern.
Seek My Face
Approved rendering: mein Angesicht suchen
Transliteration: mein Angesicht suchen
Doctrine: Conditional Blessing and National Repentance
Rejected alternatives: Gott suchen (loses the sanctuary-presence ‘face’ imagery)
Original: בקש פנים
Category: Repentance and Blessing
NEW. Hebrew baqash panim (7:14). Requires an explicit anti-anthropomorphism gloss on first occurrence so German readers do not read this as a literal, physical divine face rather than the established biblical idiom for seeking God’s favor and presence.
Turn From Wicked Ways
Approved rendering: umkehren von den bösen Wegen
Transliteration: umkehren von den bösen Wegen
Doctrine: Conditional Blessing and National Repentance
Rejected alternatives: Buße (reserved for the baseline’s NT metanoia sense)
Original: שוב מדרכים רעים
Category: Repentance and Blessing
NEW. Hebrew shuv midarakhim ra’im (7:14,19; 15:2). Deliberately rendered with ‘umkehren’ rather than the baseline’s Buße, avoiding import of that term’s distinct NT confessional/sacramental history into OT narrative exposition.
High Place
Approved rendering: Höhe / Kulthöhe
Transliteration: Höhe / Kulthöhe
Doctrine: High Places and Religious Syncretism
Original: בָּמָה
Category: Kingship
NEW. Hebrew bamah. Shifts moral valence within the book itself: legitimate pre-centralization site (1:3) vs. condemned syncretism (14:3 onward); this shift must be flagged explicitly in teaching material so reviewers do not read it as an internal contradiction.
Abomination
Approved rendering: Abscheulichkeit / Greuel
Transliteration: Abscheulichkeit / Greuel
Doctrine: High Places and Religious Syncretism
Original: תּוֹעֵבָה
Category: Kingship
NEW. Hebrew to’evah (28:3; 33:2; 34:33; 36:14). Names specific covenant-violating cultic practices (e.g. child sacrifice), not a vague generic moral judgment.
True False Prophecy
Approved rendering: wahre und falsche Weissagung
Transliteration: wahre und falsche Weissagung
Doctrine: True and False Prophecy
Original: נָבִיא (אֱמֶת/שָׁקֶר)
Category: Prophecy
NEW. The Micaiah narrative (ch. 18) dramatizes authentic prophetic speech versus court flattery; must not be read as commentary on institutional church authority given Germany’s Landeskirche/Freikirche dynamics — the target is false prophetic speech specifically.
Steadfast Love Chesed
Approved rendering: Güte
Transliteration: Güte
Doctrine: The Steadfast Love (Chesed) Liturgical Refrain
Rejected alternatives: Gnade (reserved for the baseline’s forensic NT grace doctrine)
Original: חֶסֶד
Category: Prayer
NEW, mandatory glossary entry. Hebrew chesed (5:13; 7:3,6; 20:21), ‘his chesed endures forever.’ Follows Luther’s established rendering of this specific liturgical refrain (cf. Psalm 136); must NOT be rendered Gnade.
Deliverance Save
Approved rendering: retten
Transliteration: retten
Doctrine: Divine Deliverance from National Enemies
Original: יָשַׁע
Category: Deliverance
NEW application of the baseline Rettung-family verb. Hebrew yasha (32:11,15,17,22), historical-military deliverance from Assyria. Teaching material must note the type/fulfillment relationship to the baseline’s soteriological salvation doctrine without conflating the two referents in the translation itself.
Uproot
Approved rendering: entwurzeln / herausreißen
Transliteration: entwurzeln / herausreißen
Doctrine: The Exile as Covenant Consequence
Rejected alternatives: strafen/bestrafen (loses the agricultural land-gift-reversal force)
Original: נתש
Category: Exile
NEW. Hebrew natash (7:20). Must retain the agricultural land-gift-reversal metaphor, not a generic ‘punish.‘
Restoration Rebuilding
Approved rendering: Wiederherstellung / Wiederaufbau
Transliteration: Wiederherstellung / Wiederaufbau
Doctrine: Hope of Restoration
Original: — (Cyrus’s decree, 36:22-23)
Category: Restoration
NEW. Names Cyrus’s decree (36:22-23). Positive-hope register contrasting deliberately with the preceding judgment material; must not be undercut as merely provisional nor overstated as unconditional national vindication.
Medium Risk Terms
Israel
Approved rendering: Israel
Transliteration: Israel
Doctrine: The Exile as Covenant Consequence; Hope of Restoration
Original: יִשְׂרָאֵל
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package exactly. The baseline’s Staatsräson-conflation caution (modern State of Israel) intensifies across this book’s extensive land/exile/restoration material, which discusses loss and restoration of covenant land far more extensively than Romans does.
Holy
Approved rendering: heilig
Transliteration: heilig
Doctrine: Temple Worship and God’s Presence
Rejected alternatives: rein
Original: קָדוֹשׁ
Category: Temple Worship
Inherited from Romans package root. Applied here to the Temple, its furnishings, and its personnel rather than primarily to believers as in Romans; see also ‘sanctify_consecrate’ for the related verb form and ‘holy_of_holies’ for the architectural superlative.
Sanctification
Approved rendering: Heiligung
Transliteration: Heiligung
Doctrine: Temple Worship and God’s Presence
Inherited from Romans package exactly. This book also produces a distinct verb usage for consecrating a place/object/office (‘heiligen/geheiligt’) — see ‘sanctify_consecrate’ — which must not be confused with this noun’s personal-sanctification-of-believers sense from the baseline.
Intercession Prayer
Approved rendering: Fürbitte / Gebet
Transliteration: Fürbitte / Gebet
Doctrine: Prayer and Intercession
Original: פלל (hitpael) / תְּפִלָּה
Category: Prayer
Inherited from Romans package (‘Fürbitte’ for other-directed intercession; ‘Gebet/beten’ for general prayer). Consistency required across this book’s many ‘hear from heaven’ refrains (6:21,23,25,27,30,35,39; 7:12,14,15).
Peace
Approved rendering: Friede
Transliteration: Friede
Doctrine: Temple Worship and God’s Presence
Original: שָׁלוֹם
Category: Worship Practice
Inherited from Romans package exactly. Covenantal well-being and security granted in seasons of national faithfulness (14:5-6; 15:15; 20:30).
Seed Of David
Approved rendering: Nachkomme Davids
Transliteration: Nachkomme Davids
Doctrine: The Davidic Covenant and Dynastic Promise
Rejected alternatives: Same Davids (archaic/crude register)
Original: זֶרַע דָּוִיד
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package exactly. Applied to the preserved royal line safeguarded through the narrative (21:7; 22:10-12; 23).
Faith
Approved rendering: Glaube
Transliteration: Glaube
Doctrine: Faithful and Unfaithful Kings
Rejected alternatives: Weltanschauung
Inherited from Romans package exactly, reproduced here to document a required distinction: OT battlefield/covenantal reliance (Hebrew batach — see trust_rely; and darash — see seek_inquire) must NOT default to ‘Glaube’, which the baseline reserves for personal saving trust in Christ.
Kingdom Of God
Approved rendering: Reich Gottes
Transliteration: Reich Gottes
Doctrine: Hope of Restoration
Inherited from Romans package exactly, reproduced here to document a required distinction from this book’s historical Davidic/Israelite kingdom (Hebrew mamlachah) — see kingdom_historical. ‘Reich Gottes’ must remain reserved for God’s universal theological reign; the historical political entity narrated throughout 2 Chronicles must use ‘Königreich’ instead.
House Of The Lord
Approved rendering: Haus des HERRN / Tempel
Transliteration: Haus des HERRN / Tempel
Doctrine: Temple Worship and God’s Presence
Rejected alternatives: Tempel (as sole/primary rendering)
Original: בַּיִת (יהוה)
Category: Temple Worship
NEW. Hebrew bayit. ‘Haus des HERRN’ is the primary rendering, preserving the relational dwelling-place sense; ‘Tempel’ is a supporting architectural term reserved primarily for building-specification passages (chs. 2-4) to avoid a museum/heritage-site register becoming the reader’s only mental model. 2 Chronicles 2:1-7:16 and throughout.
House Of Sacrifice
Approved rendering: Opferhaus / Haus des Opfers
Transliteration: Opferhaus / Haus des Opfers
Doctrine: Temple Worship and God’s Presence
Original: בֵּית זָבַח
Category: Temple Worship
NEW. Hebrew beit zevach (7:12). God’s own naming of the Temple’s core cultic function. Requires enough context not to sound merely gruesome; any typological connection to Christ’s sacrifice belongs to teaching material, never imported into the OT translation itself.
Sanctify Consecrate
Approved rendering: heiligen / geheiligt
Transliteration: heiligen / geheiligt
Doctrine: Temple Worship and God’s Presence; Reform under Hezekiah and Josiah
Original: קדש (root, hiphil)
Category: Temple Worship
NEW verb usage of the heilig root (Hebrew hiqdish, 7:16,20; 29:5,17,19,34). Names consecration of a place/object/office for sacred use, distinct from the baseline’s personal-sanctification noun ‘Heiligung’; must also be kept distinct from the concrete ritual-cleansing verb ‘reinigen’ in Hezekiah’s two-stage reform narrative.
Purify
Approved rendering: reinigen
Transliteration: reinigen
Doctrine: Reform under Hezekiah and Josiah
Original: טָהֵר
Category: Temple Worship
NEW. Hebrew taher (29:15-19; 30:18-20; 34:3,8). Concrete cultic-cleansing sense, distinct from the abstract ‘Heiligung’; keep concrete so Hezekiah’s reform narrative is not flattened into generic spiritual self-improvement.
Veil
Approved rendering: Vorhang
Transliteration: Vorhang
Doctrine: Temple Worship and God’s Presence
Original: פָּרֹכֶת
Category: Temple Worship
NEW. The curtain separating the Holy of Holies (parokhet). The NT torn-veil typology (Matthew 27:51, already in the baseline pipeline) is a teaching-material cross-reference only, never imported into this OT-narrative translation.
Heal The Land
Approved rendering: heilen
Transliteration: heilen
Doctrine: Conditional Blessing and National Repentance
Original: רפא
Category: Repentance and Blessing
NEW. Hebrew rapha (7:14). Shares a root with the flagged noun ‘Heil’ (Nazi-era caution) but the verb itself is standard and safe; must visibly echo the negative counterpart at 36:16 (‘keine Heilung mehr’) to preserve the book’s central inclusio.
Calamity
Approved rendering: Unglück / Übel
Transliteration: Unglück / Übel
Doctrine: The Exile as Covenant Consequence
Rejected alternatives: das Böse (wrongly suggests moral evil rather than judicial disaster)
Original: רָעָה
Category: Repentance and Blessing
NEW. Hebrew ra’ah (7:22; 20:37; 36:16). Judicial/historical disaster, not abstract moral evil.
Other Gods
Approved rendering: andere Götter
Transliteration: andere Götter
Doctrine: Faithful and Unfaithful Kings
Original: אֱלֹהִים אֲחֵרִים
Category: Kingship
NEW. Hebrew elohim acherim. Standard OT vocabulary; consistent rendering required at every recurrence throughout the apostasy narratives.
Trust Rely
Approved rendering: sich verlassen auf / vertrauen
Transliteration: sich verlassen auf / vertrauen
Doctrine: Faithful and Unfaithful Kings
Original: בָּטַח
Category: Kingship
NEW. Hebrew batach (13:18; 14:11; 16:7-8; 20:20). Battlefield/covenantal reliance on God, distinct from the baseline’s Glaube (personal saving trust in Christ); must not be conflated with that NT doctrine.
Misplaced Reliance
Approved rendering: sich stützen auf
Transliteration: sich stützen auf
Doctrine: Faithful and Unfaithful Kings
Original: שָׁעַן
Category: Kingship
NEW. Hebrew sha’an (16:7), Asa’s reliance on Syria rather than the LORD — a deliberate negative counterpart to trust_rely/batach.
Seek Inquire
Approved rendering: den HERRN suchen
Transliteration: den HERRN suchen
Doctrine: Faithful and Unfaithful Kings
Original: דָּרַש
Category: Kingship
NEW. Hebrew darash (14:4,7; 15:2,4,12-13; 17:4; 20:3-4). Distinct root from baqash (‘seek my face,’ 7:14) though both may be rendered with German ‘suchen’; a translator’s note is recommended flagging the two distinct Hebrew roots sharing one German verb.
Rebellion
Approved rendering: Aufstand / Abfall
Transliteration: Aufstand / Abfall
Doctrine: The Divided Kingdom and National Reunification
Original: פֶּשַׁע / מֶרֶד
Category: Kingship
NEW. Hebrew pesha/mered (ch. 10). Political rebellion/secession, kept distinct from the cultic ma’al concept and from generic theological apostasy vocabulary.
Wisdom
Approved rendering: Weisheit
Transliteration: Weisheit
Doctrine: Solomon’s Wisdom and Faithful Beginnings
Original: חָכְמָה
Category: Kingship
NEW. Hebrew chokmah (1:10-12; 9:5-8,22-23). Standard German biblical vocabulary; minor risk of blending with the secular-philosophical German intellectual tradition’s own concept of Weisheit.
Foreigner
Approved rendering: Fremder / Ausländer
Transliteration: Fremder / Ausländer
Doctrine: Foreigner Inclusion in Solomon’s Prayer
Original: נָכְרִי
Category: Temple Worship
NEW. Hebrew nokri (6:32-33). Early universal-scope note thematically resonant with, but historically distinct from, the baseline’s Gentile-inclusion doctrine; keep the historical referent primary.
Proverb And Byword
Approved rendering: Sprichwort und Spottlied
Transliteration: Sprichwort und Spottlied
Doctrine: The Exile as Covenant Consequence
Original: מָשָׁל וּשְׁנִינָה
Category: Exile
NEW. Hebrew mashal u-shninah (7:20). Idiom requiring a gloss; the public-humiliation force (not merely private loss) must be retained.
Land Sabbaths
Approved rendering: bis das Land seine Sabbate genossen hatte
Transliteration: bis das Land seine Sabbate genossen hatte
Doctrine: The Exile as Covenant Consequence
Original: שָׁבַת
Category: Exile
NEW. Hebrew shabbat (verb), 36:21, echoing Leviticus 26:34. A theologically significant but easily overlooked land-under-covenant-law motif.
Kingdom Historical
Approved rendering: Königreich
Transliteration: Königreich
Doctrine: Faithful and Unfaithful Kings
Original: מַמְלָכָה
Category: Kingship
NEW. Hebrew mamlachah. Keeps the historical Davidic/Israelite kingdom terminologically distinct from the baseline’s theological Reich Gottes doctrine-term throughout.
Divided Kingdom Reunification
Approved rendering: die geteilte und wiedervereinigte Königsherrschaft
Transliteration: die geteilte und wiedervereinigte Königsherrschaft
Doctrine: The Divided Kingdom and National Reunification
Original: וַיִּפָּשַׁע יִשְׂרָאֵל בְּבֵית דָּוִיד
Category: Kingship
NEW. Covers the northern secession (ch. 10) and Hezekiah’s invitation to northern remnant worshippers (ch. 30); keep the historical referent distinct from the NT Jew/Gentile unity doctrine it only typologically echoes.
Passover
Approved rendering: Passah / Passahfest
Transliteration: Passah / Passahfest
Doctrine: Passover Celebrations
Rejected alternatives: Ostern (false-friend substitution)
Original: פֶּסַח
Category: Worship Practice
NEW. Hebrew Pesach (30:1-27; 35:1-19). Established loanword distinct from Ostern; NT Lamb-of-God typology belongs to teaching material only, never imported into this OT-narrative translation.
Worship Bow Down
Approved rendering: anbeten
Transliteration: anbeten
Doctrine: Faithful and Unfaithful Kings
Original: הִשְׁתַּחֲוָה
Category: Worship Practice
NEW application of a verb form consistent with the baseline’s worship_in_spirit_and_truth entry. Hebrew hishtachavah (7:19,22; 20:18; 29:28-30). Context must clarify whether the referent is faithful or idolatrous worship.
Low Risk Terms
David
Approved rendering: David
Transliteration: David
Doctrine: Faithful and Unfaithful Kings; Hope of Restoration
Original: דָּוִיד
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package exactly.
Prophet
Approved rendering: Prophet
Transliteration: Prophet
Doctrine: True and False Prophecy
Original: נָבִיא
Category: Prophecy
Inherited from Romans package exactly.
Prophecy
Approved rendering: Weissagung
Transliteration: Weissagung
Doctrine: Hope of Restoration
Original: נְבוּאָה
Category: Prophecy
Inherited from Romans package exactly.
Thanksgiving
Approved rendering: Danksagung
Transliteration: Danksagung
Doctrine: Temple Worship and God’s Presence
Original: תּוֹדָה
Category: Worship Practice
Inherited from Romans package exactly.
Exhort
Approved rendering: ermahnen
Transliteration: ermahnen
Doctrine: Faithful and Unfaithful Kings
Original: — (prophetic rebuke speech)
Category: Prophecy
Inherited from Romans package exactly, for prophetic warning speech directed at kings and the nation (19:2; 24:19; 25:15-16).
Ark Of The Covenant
Approved rendering: Bundeslade
Transliteration: Bundeslade
Doctrine: Temple Worship and God’s Presence
Original: אֲרוֹן (הַבְּרִית)
Category: Temple Worship
NEW compound reusing baseline Bund. Hebrew aron (haberit), 5:2-10. Well-established German biblical term with no significant collision risk.
Cherubim
Approved rendering: Cherubim
Transliteration: Cherubim
Doctrine: Temple Worship and God’s Presence
Original: כְּרוּבִים
Category: Temple Worship
NEW (established German loanword). Winged heavenly beings depicted over the Ark and sanctuary furnishings; no collision risk.
Bronze Sea
Approved rendering: das eherne Meer
Transliteration: das eherne Meer
Doctrine: Temple Worship and God’s Presence
Original: יָם
Category: Temple Worship
NEW. Standard, established German rendering for the large bronze basin (4:2-6); low doctrinal weight.
Altar
Approved rendering: Altar
Transliteration: Altar
Doctrine: Temple Worship and God’s Presence
Original: מִזְבֵּח
Category: Temple Worship
NEW. Standard established German term; no significant risk.
Feast Of Tabernacles
Approved rendering: Laubhüttenfest
Transliteration: Laubhüttenfest
Doctrine: Temple Worship and God’s Presence
Original: חַג הַסֻּכּוֹת
Category: Temple Worship
NEW. Established German term for Sukkot, celebrated at the Temple’s dedication (7:8-10).
Forgive
Approved rendering: vergeben
Transliteration: vergeben
Doctrine: Conditional Blessing and National Repentance
Original: סָלַח
Category: Repentance and Blessing
NEW entry for this curriculum, matching the rendering already established in the baseline’s Matthew package (‘Dir sind deine Sünden vergeben’). Hebrew salach (6:21,25,27,30,39; 7:14).
Referenced passages