Core Glossary
08 — Core Glossary: Isaiah
Per-term glossary for the Isaiah curriculum. Terms already established in the Romans-Galatians-Ephesians-Philippians-Colossians-Matthew-Mark-Luke-John baseline reuse the recorded German rendering exactly and are marked “REUSED” in the Status column. New terms proposed for addition to translation_memory.json are marked “NEW.” All risk tiers follow the baseline’s four-tier framework (Critical / High / Medium / Low) and routing conventions from doctrine_risk_registry.json.
A. Reused Baseline Terms (Exact Match Required)
| Term (Eng) | Hebrew Original | Transliteration | German Rendering | Risk | Doctrine | Primary Isaiah Passages | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Holy | קָדוֹשׁ | qadosh | heilig | High | Holiness and Majesty of God | 6:3; 1:4; 5:16; 43:15 | REUSED |
| Glory | כָּבוֹד | kavod | Herrlichkeit | Medium | Holiness and Majesty of God | 6:3; 40:5; 60:1 | REUSED |
| God | אֱלֹהִים | Elohim | Gott | Critical | Holiness and Majesty of God | throughout | REUSED |
| Lord | אֲדֹנָי | Adonai | Herr | Critical | Sovereignty of God over the Nations | throughout; 40:10; 61:1 | REUSED |
| Israel | יִשְׂרָאֵל | Yisra’el | Israel | Medium | Judgment / Comfort / Restoration | throughout | REUSED |
| David | דָּוִד | David | David | Low | The Coming Messiah | 7:2; 9:7; 11:1; 55:3 | REUSED |
| Sin | חֵטְא / חַטָּאָה | chet / chatta’ah | Sünde | Medium | Judgment on Idolatry and Injustice | 1:18; 6:7; 53:5-6, 10, 12 | REUSED |
| Righteousness | צֶדֶק / צְדָקָה | tsedeq / tsedaqah | Gerechtigkeit | Critical | Comfort and Restoration; Coming Messiah | 1:21, 27; 9:7; 11:5; 32:1; 61:10 | REUSED |
| Justification (justify) | צדק (hiphil: יַצְדִּיק) | tsadaq (hiphil yatsdiq) | Rechtfertigung / gerecht machen | Critical | Coming Messiah / Suffering Servant | 53:11 | REUSED — see note below |
| Salvation | יְשׁוּעָה | yeshu’ah | Rettung | Critical | Salvation Extended to the Nations | 12:2-3; 25:9; 45:17; 49:6; 52:7, 10; 61:10 | REUSED |
| Faith / believe | אָמַן / הֶאֱמִין | aman / he’emin | Glaube / glauben | Medium | Suffering Servant | 7:9; 28:16; 53:1 | REUSED |
| Grace | חֵן | chen | Gnade | High | Coming Messiah / Comfort | rare direct occurrence; conceptually present 30:18; 33:2 | REUSED (see chesed distinction, Section C) |
| Peace | שָׁלוֹם | shalom | Friede | Low | Coming Messiah; Comfort and Restoration | 9:6-7; 26:3; 32:17; 48:18; 53:5; 54:10; 57:19 | REUSED |
| Covenant | בְּרִית | berit | Bund | Medium | Comfort and Restoration | 42:6; 54:10; 55:3; 59:21; 61:8 | REUSED |
| Prophet | נָבִיא | navi | Prophet | Low | (implicit throughout, book’s own genre) | superscription; 3:2; 28:7; 29:10 | REUSED |
| Prophecy | נְבוּאָה / “the former things” | — | Weissagung | Low | Fulfillment structure | 42:9; 44:7-8; 46:10 | REUSED |
| Messiah / Anointed | מָשִׁיחַ | mashiach | Messias (Davidic sense) / Gesalbter (general sense) | Critical | The Coming Messiah | 45:1 (Cyrus — general sense only); 61:1 (Messianic-typological sense) | REUSED, with mandatory sense-disambiguation — see Section C |
| Servant of God (individual, Messianic) | עֶבֶד יהוה | eved YHWH | Knecht (Gottesknecht) | Critical | The Coming Messiah and Suffering Servant | 42:1; 49:3-6; 50:10; 52:13; 53:11 | NEW, but adopts Lutherbibel-established “Knecht” convention — see Section B |
| Gentiles / nations | גּוֹיִם | goyim | Heiden | High | Salvation Extended to the Nations | 2:2; 11:10; 42:1, 6; 49:6; 60:3; 66:19 | REUSED |
| Holy Spirit / Spirit of the LORD | רוּחַ יהוה | ruach YHWH | Heiliger Geist / Geist des HERRN | Critical | Holiness and Majesty; Coming Messiah | 11:2; 42:1; 44:3; 61:1; 63:11 | REUSED |
| Father (of God) | אָב | av | Vater | High | Comfort and Restoration | 63:16; 64:8 | REUSED |
| Kingdom of God / God’s reign | מָלַךְ אֱלֹהַיִךְ (“your God reigns”) | malakh Eloheikh | Reich Gottes (conceptual reuse) | Medium | Sovereignty of God over the Nations | 24:23; 52:7 | REUSED (conceptual, not identical phrase) |
| Immanuel | עִמָּנוּ אֵל | Immanu El | Immanuel, das ist verdolmetscht: Gott mit uns | Critical | The Coming Messiah | 7:14; 8:8, 10 | REUSED — MANDATORY EXACT MATCH with Matthew 1:23 baseline term |
| Nazareth Manifesto (Spirit-anointed herald to the poor) | רוּחַ אֲדֹנָי יהוה עָלָי | ruach Adonai YHWH alai | Der Geist des Herrn ist auf mir… den Armen gute Botschaft zu bringen | Critical | The Coming Messiah and Suffering Servant | 61:1-2 | REUSED — MANDATORY EXACT MATCH with Luke 4:18-19 baseline term |
| Highly exalted (structural echo) | יָרוּם וְנִשָּׂא | yarum venissa | hoch erhöht (echoed, not identical) | Critical | The Coming Messiah and Suffering Servant | 52:13 | REUSED-adjacent — draw on Philippians 2:9 vocabulary in exposition, not a forced lexical match |
| Election | בָּחַר | bachar | Erwählung | High | Sovereignty of God over the Nations | 41:8-9; 42:1; 44:1-2 | REUSED |
| Intercession | הִפְגִּיעַ | hiphgi’a | Fürbitte | Critical | Suffering Servant | 53:12 | REUSED |
| Providence | (conceptual) | — | Vorsehung | Medium | Sovereignty of God over the Nations | 14:24-27; 46:9-11 | REUSED |
| Mission (to the nations) | (conceptual) | — | Mission | Medium | Salvation Extended to the Nations | 42:1-4; 49:6 | REUSED |
| Seed of David (Messianic descent) | שֹׁרֶשׁ יִשַׁי | shoresh Yishai | Nachkomme Davids (conceptual link) / Wurzel Jesse (primary rendering) | High | The Coming Messiah | 11:1, 10 | REUSED-adjacent — see Section B “Root of Jesse” |
| New Creation (thematic parallel) | שָׁמַיִם חֲדָשִׁים וָאָרֶץ חֲדָשָׁה | shamayim chadashim va-arets chadashah | neue Himmel und neue Erde (NOT identical to “neue Schöpfung”) | Critical | The New Heavens and New Earth | 65:17; 66:22 | REUSED-adjacent — see Section B |
| Woe (formula) | הוֹי | hoy | Wehe | Low | Judgment on Idolatry and Injustice | 5:8ff; 10:1; 28:1; 29:1; 30:1; 31:1; 33:1; 45:9-10 | REUSED |
| Lamb (sacrificial/led to slaughter) | שֶׂה | seh | Lamm | Critical | The Coming Messiah and Suffering Servant | 53:7 | REUSED-adjacent (background to John 1:29’s “Gottes Lamm”) — see Section B |
B. New Isaiah-Specific Terms (Proposed for Translation Memory)
| Term (Eng) | Hebrew Original | Transliteration | Literal Meaning | German Rendering | Risk | Doctrine | Primary Passages | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Suffering Servant (title) | עֶבֶד | eved | servant, bondservant | der leidende Knecht Gottes | Critical | The Coming Messiah and Suffering Servant | 42, 49, 50, 52:13-53:12 | ”Knecht” (not “Diener”) is the fixed German OT-scholarship and Lutherbibel term (“Gottesknechtslieder” = “Servant Songs”); must be used consistently across all four Servant Songs. Corporate (Israel) vs. individual referent must be disambiguated by context, not by a different lexical choice. |
| Holy One of Israel | קְדוֹשׁ יִשְׂרָאֵל | qedosh Yisra’el | the Holy One of Israel | der Heilige Israels | High | Holiness and Majesty of God | 1:4; 5:19; 10:20; 12:6; 30:11-12; 41:14; 43:3; 49:7; 60:9 | Divine title built on established heilig; recurring ~25x, one of Isaiah’s most characteristic titles for God. |
| LORD of hosts | יהוה צְבָאוֹת | YHWH Tseva’ot | LORD of armies | HERR der Heerscharen (preferred) / HERR Zebaoth (liturgical alternative) | High | Sovereignty of God over the Nations | 6:3, 5; 1:9, 24; 9:7; 13:4; throughout (60+ occurrences) | Reviewer sign-off required per occurrence given frequency; “Heerscharen” preferred for clarity, “Zebaoth” acceptable in liturgical-register contexts. |
| Seraphim | שְׂרָפִים | serafim | burning ones | Serafim | Low | Holiness and Majesty of God | 6:2, 6 | Transliterated proper term; standard German Bible usage. |
| Justice | מִשְׁפָּט | mishpat | judgment, legal verdict | Recht | Medium | Judgment on Idolatry and Injustice | 1:17, 21; 5:7; 9:7; 42:1, 4; 59:8 | Must be kept distinguishable from Gerechtigkeit (tsedaqah) in exposition; frequently paired as mishpat u-tsedaqah. |
| Rebellion/transgression | פֶּשַׁע | pesha | willful revolt | Missetat / Übertretung | Medium | Judgment on Idolatry and Injustice | 1:2; 53:5, 8, 12; 59:12 | Intensified sense beyond generic Sünde; retains “active rebellion” nuance. |
| Idols | אֱלִילִים / פְּסִילִים | elilim / pesilim | worthless things / carved images | Götzen / Götzenbilder (NEVER “Idole”) | High | Judgment on Israel’s Idolatry and Injustice | 2:8, 18, 20; 10:11; 19:1, 3; 31:7; 44:9-20; 57:5-13 | Genuine German-specific collision: “Idol” = pop-culture celebrity in contemporary usage. “Götzen” is mandatory. |
| Branch / Root (Messianic) | צֶמַח / נֵצֶר / שֹׁרֶשׁ | tsemach / netser / shoresh | sprout / shoot / root | Zweig / Spross / Wurzel (des HERRN / Jesse) | High | The Coming Messiah | 4:2; 11:1, 10; 53:2 | Track consistently across all three occurrences as a single developing Messianic-Branch motif. |
| Almah (young woman/virgin) | עַלְמָה | almah | young woman of marriageable age | junge Frau (lexical) / Jungfrau (doctrinal-canonical, per LXX parthenos and Matthew 1:23) | Critical | The Coming Messiah | 7:14 | Mandatory dual framing: historical-lexical note (junge Frau) plus doctrinally authoritative NT-citation-based rendering (Jungfrau). |
| Wonderful Counselor | פֶּלֶא יוֹעֵץ | pele yo’etz | wonder, counselor | Wunderrat / wunderbarer Ratgeber | High | The Coming Messiah | 9:6 | Requires exposition of “pele” as signaling divine, not merely exceptional, wisdom. |
| Mighty God | אֵל גִּבּוֹר | El Gibbor | God, mighty warrior | starker Gott / Gott-Held | Critical | Deity of Christ (Coming Messiah) | 9:6 | Direct deity ascription; connects to baseline’s Critical deity_of_christ doctrine cluster. |
| Everlasting Father (title) | אֲבִיעַד | Avi’ad | father of eternity | ewiger Vater (with mandatory Trinitarian-framing gloss) | Critical | The Coming Messiah | 9:6 | Must not be read as collapsing the distinction between the Father and the Son. |
| Prince of Peace | שַׂר־שָׁלוֹם | Sar-Shalom | prince of peace | Friedefürst | Medium | The Coming Messiah | 9:6 | Reuses established Friede exactly. |
| Day of the LORD | יוֹם יהוה | Yom YHWH | day of the LORD | Tag des HERRN | Medium | Sovereignty of God over the Nations | 13:6, 9; 34:8 | Standard German eschatological vocabulary. |
| Day Star, Son of Dawn (“Lucifer”) | הֵילֵל בֶּן־שָׁחַר | Heilel ben-Shachar | shining one, son of dawn | Morgenstern (with mandatory tripartite historical/traditional/christological framing) | Critical | Judgment on Israel’s Idolatry and Injustice (nations) | 14:12 | Genuine German-specific collision with Christ’s positive “Morning Star” self-title (Revelation 22:16); the three referents (Babylonian king / later Satan-fall tradition / Christ) must never be silently merged. |
| Stone of stumbling | אֶבֶן נֶגֶף | even negef | stone of striking | Stein des Anstoßes | High | Judgment / Coming Messiah | 8:14 | Cross-reference Romans 9:33 and Isaiah 28:16 explicitly — Paul conflates both texts. |
| Cornerstone / tested stone | אֶבֶן פִּנָּה / אֶבֶן בֹּחַן | even pinnah / even bochan | corner stone / tested stone | Eckstein / Grundstein | Critical | The Coming Messiah | 28:16 | Direct citation in Romans 9:33 and 1 Peter 2:6; must align with baseline’s Romans 9:33 rendering exactly. |
| Swallow up death | בִּלַּע הַמָּוֶת | billa hamavet | swallow up death | den Tod verschlingen für immer | High | New Heavens and New Earth | 25:8 | Cross-reference 1 Corinthians 15:54, Revelation 21:4. |
| Your dead shall live (resurrection) | תְּחִיֶּיןָ מֵתֶיךָ | techiyeyna meteikha | your dead will live | deine Toten werden leben | High | New Heavens and New Earth | 26:19 | One of the clearest OT bodily-resurrection texts; connects to established Auferstehung. |
| Highway/Way of Holiness | מְסִלָּה / דֶּרֶךְ הַקֹּדֶשׁ | mesillah / derekh haqodesh | highway / way of holiness | Weg der Heiligkeit / Straße | High | Comfort and Restoration | 35:8; 40:3 | Cross-reference 40:3’s “way of the LORD,” quoted of John the Baptist in all four Gospels. |
| Ransomed of the LORD | פְּדוּיֵי יהוה | peduyei YHWH | the ransomed of the LORD | die Erlösten des HERRN | Medium | Comfort and Restoration | 35:10; 51:11 | Distinct root (padah) from go’el; both may render as “erlöst” with a footnoted lexical note. |
| Sheol | שְׁאוֹל | She’ol | realm of the dead | Scheol (transliterated; NEVER “Hölle”) | Medium | (afterlife background, not a named curriculum doctrine) | 38:10, 18; 14:9, 15 | Must not be conflated with the later NT Gehenna/Hölle concept. |
| Comfort (verb, programmatic) | נָחַם (imperative נַחֲמוּ) | nacham (nachamu) | comfort, console | tröstet | High | Comfort and Restoration for God’s People | 40:1; 49:13; 51:3, 12; 52:9; 61:2; 66:13 | Liturgically fixed Lutherbibel phrase “Tröstet, tröstet mein Volk”; preserve exactly. |
| A light to the nations | לְאוֹר גּוֹיִם | le’or goyim | for a light of the nations | ein Licht der Heiden / für die Heiden | Critical | Salvation Extended to the Nations | 42:6; 49:6 | Direct citation in Luke 2:32 (baseline nunc_dimittis term); must reuse established Heiden. |
| Bruised reed / smoking flax | קָנֶה רָצוּץ / פִּשְׁתָּה כֵהָה | qaneh ratsuts / pishtah kheihah | broken reed / dim wick | das geknickte Rohr / der glimmende Docht | Medium | The Coming Messiah and Suffering Servant | 42:3 | Quoted of Jesus in Matthew 12:20. |
| Savior | מוֹשִׁיעַ | moshi’a | one who saves | Retter / Erretter | Critical | Salvation Extended to the Nations | 43:3, 11; 45:15, 21; 49:26; 60:16; 63:8 | Hebrew root of both Rettung(yeshu’ah) and the name Yeshua/Jesus; must reuse established Rettung family. |
| Redeemer | גֹּאֵל | go’el | kinsman-redeemer | Erlöser | High | Salvation Extended to the Nations | 43:14; 44:6, 24; 47:4; 48:17; 49:7, 26; 54:5, 8; 59:20; 63:16 | Concrete legal-familial (kinsman-redemption) background must be exposited, not left abstract. |
| Anointed one (Cyrus, general sense) | מָשִׁיחַ | mashiach | anointed one | Gesalbter (NEVER capitalized “Messias” here) | Critical | Sovereignty of God over the Nations | 45:1 | Mandatory disambiguation from the Davidic/Christological Messias sense; theologian review required. |
| For my own sake / for my name’s sake | לְמַעֲנִי / לְמַעַן שְׁמִי | lema’ani / lema’an shemi | for my own sake / name’s sake | um meines Namens willen | Medium | Grace / Sovereignty | 48:9, 11 | Cross-reference the grace-not-merit doctrine cluster. |
| Called from the womb | מִבֶּטֶן קְרָאָנִי | mibbeten qera’ani | called from the womb | vom Mutterleib an berufen | Medium | The Coming Messiah and Suffering Servant | 49:1, 5 | Reuse established berufen/Berufung; cross-reference Galatians 1:15. |
| Opened my ear (obedient hearing) | פָּתַח־לִי אֹזֶן | patach-li ozen | opened for me an ear | er hat mir das Ohr geöffnet | Medium | The Coming Messiah and Suffering Servant | 50:5 | Idiom for attentive obedience preceding willing suffering. |
| Gave my back to those who strike | גֵּוִי נָתַתִּי לְמַכִּים | gevi natati lemakkim | I gave my back to those who strike | ich habe meinen Rücken hingehalten den Schlägern | High | The Coming Messiah and Suffering Servant | 50:6 | Concrete Passion-narrative typology; cross-reference Gospel Passion accounts. |
| How beautiful are the feet / good-news herald | מְבַשֵּׂר | mevasser | one who brings good news | der gute Botschaft verkündet | Critical | The Coming Messiah and Suffering Servant | 52:7 | Direct Hebrew lexical root of Evangelium; quoted in Romans 10:15. |
| Exalted and lifted up (Servant) | יָרוּם וְנִשָּׂא | yarum venissa | he will be high and lifted up | er wird hoch erhaben und sehr erhöht sein | Critical | The Coming Messiah and Suffering Servant | 52:13 | Structural/thematic echo of the baseline’s Philippians 2:9 highly_exalted pattern. |
| Steadfast love / covenant loyalty | חֶסֶד | chesed | covenant loyalty, loyal love | Güte / Treue (AVOID bare “Gnade”) | High | Comfort and Restoration | 54:8, 10; 55:3; 63:7 | Must remain distinguishable from the baseline’s Critical Gnade (charis) term; mandatory native-speaker review per occurrence. |
| Come, everyone who thirsts (invitation) | הוֹי כׇּל־צָמֵא לְכוּ | hoy kol-tsame lekhu | come, all who thirst | Auf, alle, die ihr dürstet, kommt | Medium | Salvation Extended to the Nations | 55:1 | Universal, unqualified gospel-invitation; cross-reference grace-not-merit doctrine. |
| House of prayer for all peoples | בֵּית־תְּפִלָּה לְכׇל־הָעַמִּים | beit tefillah lekhol ha’ammim | a house of prayer for all peoples | ein Bethaus für alle Völker | Critical | Salvation Extended to the Nations | 56:7 | Direct citation in Mark 11:17; core proof-text for universal worship scope. |
| Loose the bonds of injustice | פַתֵּחַ חַרְצֻבּוֹת רֶשַׁע | patteach chartsubbot resha | loosen the bonds of wickedness | die Fesseln des Unrechts lösen | Medium | Judgment on Israel’s Idolatry and Injustice | 58:6 | Redefines true worship as active justice, not ritual alone. |
| Trodden the winepress alone | פּוּרָה דָּרַכְתִּי לְבַדִּי | purah darakhti levaddi | I trod the winepress alone | ich habe die Kelter allein getreten | Medium | Sovereignty of God over the Nations | 63:3 | Cross-reference Revelation 19:15. |
| We are the clay, you are the potter | חֹמֶר… יֹצְרֵנוּ | chomer… yotsreinu | clay… our potter/former | wir sind der Ton, du bist der Töpfer | High | Sovereignty of God over the Nations | 64:8 | Direct source-image for Romans 9:20-21; connects to baseline’s Critical election doctrine. |
| New heavens and a new earth | שָׁמַיִם חֲדָשִׁים וָאָרֶץ חֲדָשָׁה | shamayim chadashim va-arets chadashah | new heavens and a new earth | neue Himmel und eine neue Erde | Critical | The New Heavens and New Earth | 65:17; 66:22 | Direct OT source for Revelation 21:1, 2 Peter 3:13; distinct phrase from (though thematically related to) baseline’s Galatians neue Schöpfung. |
| The former things not remembered | לֹא תִזָּכַרְנָה הָרִאשֹׁנוֹת | lo tizzakharnah ha-rishonot | the former things will not be remembered | die früheren Dinge wird man nicht mehr gedenken | Medium | The New Heavens and New Earth | 65:17 | Cross-reference Revelation 21:4. |
| All flesh shall worship | כׇּל־בָּשָׂר… לְהִשְׁתַּחֲוֹת | kol-basar… lehishtachavot | all flesh shall bow down | alles Fleisch wird kommen, um anzubeten | High | Salvation Extended to the Nations | 66:23 | Universal-scope closing vision; preserve without qualification. |
| Fire not quenched / undying worm | אֵשׁ לֹא תִכְבֶּה / תּוֹלַעְתָּם לֹא תָמוּת | esh lo tikhbeh / tola’tam lo tamut | fire not quenched / worm that does not die | das Feuer, das nicht erlischt / ihr Wurm stirbt nicht | High | (Final judgment, closing tension) | 66:24 | Direct source of Mark 9:48’s Gehenna imagery. |
C. Mandatory Disambiguation Notes (Cross-Cutting)
These notes apply across multiple glossary entries above and must be surfaced in Phase 2 translator/reviewer instructions:
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Mashiach (“anointed”) has two distinct senses in Isaiah that must never be conflated: (a) the general sense — anyone divinely commissioned for a historical task, applied uniquely to the pagan king Cyrus (45:1), rendered “Gesalbter”; (b) the Messianic-typological sense, developed cumulatively through the royal (ch. 9, 11) and Servant (chs. 42-53) material and read by the NT as fulfilled in Jesus, for which the capitalized Messias (already established in the Romans baseline) is reserved. Cyrus is never “der Messias” in this curriculum’s rendering.
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Chesed (covenant loyalty) vs. Gnade (charis, unmerited favor). These are related but distinct OT/NT concepts. The Romans baseline’s Gnade is reserved for the forensic, merit-excluding sense central to justification doctrine. Isaiah’s chesed (54:8, 10; 55:3; 63:7) should be rendered “Güte/Treue,” not bare “Gnade,” to keep the two concepts distinguishable for German readers moving between the Isaiah and Romans curricula.
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Yatsdiq (Isaiah 53:11) is this curriculum’s single highest-priority cross-document consistency requirement. The Lutherbibel’s “gerecht machen” and the doctrinally-preferred “für gerecht erklären / rechtfertigen” represent a live translation choice with direct bearing on whether German readers hear this verse as forensic (declared-righteous, matching Rechtfertigung) or transformative (actually-made-righteous, risking a drift toward the Catholic infused-grace reading the baseline explicitly guards against). Mandatory theologian review, every occurrence, with an explicit translator note.
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“Knecht” (Servant), not “Diener.” German OT scholarship and the Lutherbibel tradition fix “Knecht” (as in “Gottesknecht,” “Gottesknechtslieder”) as the term for Isaiah’s Servant figure across all four Servant Songs (42, 49, 50, 52:13-53:12) and the corporate uses (41, 44). “Diener” is a valid general German word for “servant” but is not the established theological register term and must not be substituted.
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“Götzen,” never “Idole.” Contemporary German “Idol” is dominated by pop-culture/celebrity usage. Every occurrence of Hebrew elilim/pesilim/atsabbim across the book (chs. 2, 10, 19, 31, 40, 44, 46, 57) must render as “Götzen”/“Götzenbilder.”
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Isaiah 14’s “Morning Star” (Heilel ben-Shachar) vs. Christ’s “Morning Star” (Revelation 22:16). These share German “Morgenstern” vocabulary but have opposite referents and valence (a taunt against a defeated pagan king vs. Christ’s own positive self-title). Teaching material must never allow these to be silently merged, and must present the “Lucifer = Satan” reading as later Christian tradition rather than the passage’s own primary historical claim.
D. Risk-Tier Summary
| Risk Tier | Count (this glossary) | Review Routing |
|---|---|---|
| Critical | 19 | Mandatory human theologian review, every occurrence |
| High | 15 | Mandatory human theologian review |
| Medium | 16 | Native speaker review recommended |
| Low | 6 | Automated review sufficient |
Total new/extended terms tracked in this glossary: 56 (23 reused-exact baseline terms + 33 new Isaiah-specific terms), spanning all 66 chapters of Isaiah with the core passage (53:1-12) receiving full verse-by-verse treatment as documented in 07_semantic_analysis.md.
Critical Risk Terms
Righteousness
Approved rendering: Gerechtigkeit
Transliteration: Gerechtigkeit
Doctrine: Salvation
Rejected alternatives: Tugend
Original: צֶדֶק / צְדָקָה
Category: Judgment on Israel’s Idolatry and Injustice
INHERITED FROM ROMANS PACKAGE (unchanged). Isaiah’s tsedeq/tsedaqah (1:21, 27; 9:7; 11:5; 32:1; 53:11; 61:10) is the direct OT lexical root of this baseline term. Must be kept distinguishable in exposition from mishpat (‘Recht,’ justice/legal-verdict sense) — see justice_mishpat below.
Justification
Approved rendering: Rechtfertigung
Transliteration: Rechtfertigung
Doctrine: Salvation
Rejected alternatives: Erlösung (distinct concept)
INHERITED FROM ROMANS PACKAGE (unchanged). Isaiah 53:11’s hiphil verb yatsdiq is the single most theologically load-bearing OT anchor for this baseline doctrine — see servant_justifies_many for the mandatory, curriculum-specific forensic-sense translator note required at every occurrence of that verse.
Lord
Approved rendering: Herr
Transliteration: Herr
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: Meister, Chef
Original: אֲדֹנָי / יהוה
Category: Holiness and Majesty of God
INHERITED FROM ROMANS PACKAGE (unchanged). Recurs with even greater density in Isaiah than in Romans given the constant divine-name usage (Adonai/YHWH) throughout the book; the same ‘Mr.’-collision risk applies at every occurrence.
Son Of God
Approved rendering: Sohn Gottes
Transliteration: Sohn Gottes
Doctrine: Sonship of Christ
INHERITED FROM ROMANS PACKAGE (unchanged). Isaiah 9:6’s throne-names (Mighty God, Everlasting Father) are OT anticipations of this doctrine cluster and must be exposited with explicit reference to it — see mighty_god and everlasting_father below.
Imputed Righteousness
Approved rendering: zugerechnete Gerechtigkeit
Transliteration: zugerechnete Gerechtigkeit
Doctrine: Justification by Faith
Rejected alternatives: verdiente Gerechtigkeit
INHERITED FROM ROMANS PACKAGE (unchanged). Directly grounded in Isaiah 53:11’s causative-declarative Hebrew verb form (yatsdiq); this curriculum’s single highest-priority cross-document consistency requirement runs through this term — see servant_justifies_many below.
Kenosis
Approved rendering: entäußerte sich
Transliteration: entäußerte sich
Doctrine: The Kenosis / Self-Emptying of Christ
INHERITED FROM ROMANS PACKAGE (unchanged). Cross-referenced in exposition of Isaiah 53:10’s ‘it pleased the LORD to crush him,’ to frame the Servant’s suffering as the Trinity’s unified, voluntary will and avoid a Father-versus-Son misreading.
Highly Exalted
Approved rendering: hoch erhöht
Transliteration: hoch erhöht
Doctrine: The Exaltation and Universal Lordship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: erhöhte (plain, insufficiently intensified)
INHERITED FROM ROMANS PACKAGE (unchanged). Structural/thematic echo (not a forced lexical match) for Isaiah 52:13’s ‘yarum venissa’ — see exalted_and_lifted_up_servant below, which carries its own distinct Hebrew-based rendering.
Immanuel
Approved rendering: Immanuel, das ist verdolmetscht: Gott mit uns
Transliteration: Immanuel, das ist verdolmetscht: Gott mit uns
Doctrine: The Virgin Birth and Incarnation
Original: עִמָּנוּ אֵל
Category: The Coming Messiah
INHERITED FROM ROMANS PACKAGE (unchanged). MANDATORY EXACT MATCH: Isaiah 7:14 and 8:8, 10 must render identically to this baseline Matthew 1:23 term, since Matthew directly cites Isaiah. Any deviation creates an internal pipeline contradiction.
Nazareth Manifesto
Approved rendering: Der Geist des Herrn ist auf mir… den Armen gute Botschaft zu bringen
Transliteration: Der Geist des Herrn ist auf mir… den Armen gute Botschaft zu bringen
Doctrine: The Nazareth Manifesto: Jesus’ Mission to the Poor
INHERITED FROM ROMANS PACKAGE (unchanged). MANDATORY EXACT MATCH: Isaiah 61:1-2 must render identically to this baseline Luke 4:18-19 term, since Luke directly and verbatim quotes Isaiah. Any deviation creates an internal pipeline contradiction.
Lamb Of God
Approved rendering: Siehe, das ist Gottes Lamm, welches der Welt Sünde trägt
Transliteration: Siehe, das ist Gottes Lamm, welches der Welt Sünde trägt
Doctrine: The Lamb of God
INHERITED FROM ROMANS PACKAGE (unchanged). Retained for cross-reference to Isaiah 53:7’s ‘lamb led to slaughter’ — the OT background image behind, but NOT verbally identical to, this fixed John 1:29 phrase. The connection must be exposited, never silently merged. See lamb_led_to_slaughter below for Isaiah’s own distinct rendering.
Nunc Dimittis
Approved rendering: Herr, nun lässt du deinen Diener in Frieden fahren
Transliteration: Herr, nun lässt du deinen Diener in Frieden fahren
Doctrine: The Benedictus and Nunc Dimittis
INHERITED FROM ROMANS PACKAGE (unchanged). Simeon’s song directly quotes Isaiah 42:6/49:6’s ‘light to the nations’ (‘…ein Licht, zu erleuchten die Heiden’); this connection must be made explicit wherever light_to_the_nations (below) is taught.
Almah Virgin
Approved rendering: junge Frau (lexical) / Jungfrau (doctrinal-canonical)
Transliteration: almah
Doctrine: The Coming Messiah
Original: עַלְמָה
Category: The Coming Messiah
NEW. The most historically contested single lexical choice in Isaiah (7:14). Almah’s primary semantic marker is age/marital status, not virginity; the LXX’s parthenos, followed by Matthew 1:23’s ‘Jungfrau,’ establishes the doctrinally authoritative rendering. MANDATORY dual framing in all teaching material — present both without adjudicating the historical-critical debate as doctrinally unsettled for this audience.
Mighty God
Approved rendering: starker Gott
Transliteration: El Gibbor
Doctrine: The Coming Messiah / Deity of Christ
Rejected alternatives: gottähnlicher Held (diminished, forbidden)
Original: אֵל גִּבּוֹר
Category: The Coming Messiah
NEW. Direct ascription of full deity to the promised royal child (Isaiah 9:6); ‘El’ is a full divine-name element used elsewhere of God himself. Must not be softened to a godlike-hero reading. Directly continues the baseline’s Critical deity_of_christ doctrine cluster; mandatory theologian review.
Everlasting Father
Approved rendering: ewiger Vater
Transliteration: Avi’ad
Doctrine: The Coming Messiah
Original: אֲבִיעַד
Category: The Coming Messiah
NEW. A royal title (Isaiah 9:6) expressing the ideal Davidic king’s eternal, fatherly governance — NOT identity with God the Father as a distinct Trinitarian Person. Surface-level identical to Trinitarian Father-language in German; MANDATORY gloss distinguishing the royal-ideal sense from a modalist Person-identity misreading, every occurrence.
Day Star Son Of Dawn
Approved rendering: Morgenstern
Transliteration: Heilel ben-Shachar
Doctrine: Judgment on Israel’s Idolatry and Injustice
Original: הֵילֵל בֶּן־שָׁחַר
Category: Judgment on Israel’s Idolatry and Injustice
NEW. GENUINE GERMAN-SPECIFIC COLLISION: ‘Morgenstern’ carries three incompatible referents — (a) the primary historical referent, a taunt against a defeated Babylonian king (Isaiah 14:12); (b) the later, non-mandatory Latin-Vulgate-derived ‘Lucifer=Satan’s fall’ Christian tradition; (c) Christ’s own positive self-title (Revelation 22:16). MANDATORY tripartite framing at every occurrence; these three must never be silently merged.
Cornerstone
Approved rendering: Eckstein / Grundstein
Transliteration: even pinnah / even bochan
Doctrine: The Coming Messiah
Original: אֶבֶן פִּנָּה / אֶבֶן בֹּחַן
Category: The Coming Messiah
NEW. God’s divinely laid, tested foundation-stone in Zion (Isaiah 28:16). Directly cited in Romans 9:33 and 1 Peter 2:6; underlies Ephesians 2:20. Must align exactly with however Romans 9:33 is rendered elsewhere in this pipeline (‘Grundstein… Eckstein,’ Lutherbibel convention) to preserve cross-document consistency. Mandatory theologian review.
Light To The Nations
Approved rendering: ein Licht der Heiden
Transliteration: le’or goyim
Doctrine: Salvation Extended to the Nations
Original: לְאוֹר גּוֹיִם
Category: Salvation Extended to the Nations
NEW. The Servant’s mission extended to the nations (Isaiah 42:6; 49:6), the central OT proof-text quoted of Christ in Luke 2:32 (baseline nunc_dimittis term). Must reuse established Heiden exactly; make the Simeon’s-song citation explicit rather than implicit.
Savior
Approved rendering: Retter / Erretter
Transliteration: moshi’a
Doctrine: Salvation Extended to the Nations
Original: מוֹשִׁיעַ
Category: Salvation Extended to the Nations
NEW. From the same root (yasha) underlying yeshu’ah/Rettung and, etymologically, Yeshua/Jesus (43:3, 11; 45:15, 21; 49:26; 60:16; 63:8). Must reuse the established Rettung word-family; make the Hebrew-root-to-the-name-Jesus connection explicit in teaching material.
Anointed One General Sense
Approved rendering: Gesalbter
Transliteration: meshicho
Doctrine: The Sovereignty of God over the Nations
Rejected alternatives: Messias (capitalized — FORBIDDEN for Cyrus)
Original: מְשִׁיחוֹ
Category: The Coming Messiah
NEW. MANDATORY DISAMBIGUATION. ‘His anointed one’ applied at Isaiah 45:1 to Cyrus, a pagan Persian emperor, on account of his God-appointed historical role — a broader OT usage of mashiach than the fixed Messianic title. Must render lower-case ‘Gesalbter,’ never the capitalized ‘Messias.’ Mandatory theologian review; teaching material must explicitly state this broader OT usage.
Good News Herald
Approved rendering: der gute Botschaft verkündet
Transliteration: mevasser
Doctrine: The Coming Messiah and Suffering Servant
Original: מְבַשֵּׂר
Category: Suffering Servant
NEW. ‘One who brings good news’ (Isaiah 52:7) — the direct Hebrew lexical ancestor of Evangelium, quoted in Romans 10:15. Mandatory cross-document link; German rendering should echo established gospel vocabulary in exposition to make the Romans citation immediately recognizable.
Exalted And Lifted Up Servant
Approved rendering: er wird hoch erhaben und sehr erhöht sein
Transliteration: yarum venissa
Doctrine: The Coming Messiah and Suffering Servant
Original: יָרוּם וְנִשָּׂא
Category: Suffering Servant
NEW. The Servant’s ultimate vindication following suffering (Isaiah 52:13), opening the Fourth Servant Song. Direct structural/thematic echo of the baseline’s Philippians 2:9 ‘hoch erhöht’ pattern (see highly_exalted above) — draw on that vocabulary in exposition without forcing an artificial lexical identity, since the Hebrew and Greek are structurally parallel, not verbally identical texts.
House Of Prayer For All Peoples
Approved rendering: ein Bethaus für alle Völker
Transliteration: beit tefillah lekhol ha’ammim
Doctrine: Salvation Extended to the Nations
Original: בֵּית־תְּפִלָּה לְכׇל־הָעַמִּים
Category: Salvation Extended to the Nations
NEW. God’s Temple declared a house of prayer for all peoples (Isaiah 56:7), directly quoted by Jesus in the Temple-cleansing (Mark 11:17). The single clearest OT proof-text for universal worship scope; flag for exact consistency once a fixed TM entry exists for the Mark 11:17 citation in this pipeline.
New Heavens And New Earth
Approved rendering: neue Himmel und eine neue Erde
Transliteration: shamayim chadashim va-arets chadashah
Doctrine: The New Heavens and New Earth
Rejected alternatives: neue Schöpfung (distinct baseline phrase — never merge)
Original: שָׁמַיִם חֲדָשִׁים וָאָרֶץ חֲדָשָׁה
Category: The New Heavens and New Earth
NEW. Core doctrine anchor (Isaiah 65:17; 66:22); direct OT source-text for Revelation 21:1 and 2 Peter 3:13. Must stay lexically distinct from the baseline’s Galatians ‘neue Schöpfung’ — a related concept, distinct phrase. Mandatory theologian review.
Servant Of God
Approved rendering: Knecht
Transliteration: eved
Doctrine: The Coming Messiah and Suffering Servant
Rejected alternatives: Diener (FORBIDDEN — natural-sounding but theologically unmarked)
Original: עֶבֶד
Category: The Coming Messiah and Suffering Servant
NEW. A genuinely flexible term denoting sometimes the corporate nation (Israel/Jacob, 41:8-9; 44:1-2), sometimes an individual figure (chs. 42-53) who acts on the nation’s behalf and suffers for it. Fixed German OT-scholarship/Lutherbibel convention ‘Knecht’ (‘Gottesknecht,’ ‘Gottesknechtslieder’), NEVER ‘Diener.’ The corporate/individual ambiguity requires exposition, not a different lexical choice.
Suffering Servant
Approved rendering: der leidende Knecht Gottes
Transliteration: eved YHWH
Doctrine: The Coming Messiah and Suffering Servant
Original: עֶבֶד יהוה (Fourth Servant Song)
Category: The Coming Messiah and Suffering Servant
NEW. The individual Servant figure of the Fourth Servant Song (52:13-53:12) who suffers vicariously, is vindicated, and justifies many. Fixed title used consistently across German OT scholarship; reuses established Knecht exactly.
Man Of Sorrows
Approved rendering: ein Mann voller Schmerzen
Transliteration: ish makh’ovot vi-yedu’a choli
Doctrine: The Coming Messiah and Suffering Servant
Rejected alternatives: traurig (too weak/generic — FORBIDDEN)
Original: אִישׁ מַכְאֹבוֹת וִידוּעַ חֹלִי
Category: Suffering Servant
NEW. The Servant’s despised, rejected, sorrow-acquainted identity (Isaiah 53:3). Luther’s classic rendering, theologically load-bearing and liturgically familiar (Bach’s Passions); the concrete, embodied pain sense must be retained, never softened to generic ‘sad.‘
Borne Our Griefs
Approved rendering: er hat unsere Leiden getragen
Transliteration: nasa / sabal
Doctrine: The Coming Messiah and Suffering Servant
Rejected alternatives: er litt mit uns (weakens substitution to mere empathetic solidarity — FORBIDDEN)
Original: נָשָׂא / סָבַל
Category: Suffering Servant
NEW. The Servant’s active, vicarious bearing of others’ griefs (Isaiah 53:4), quoted in Matthew 8:17 and 1 Peter 2:24. The vicarious, substitutionary sense must never be flattened to mere solidarity.
Pierced And Crushed
Approved rendering: durchbohrt / zerschlagen
Transliteration: mecholal / medukka
Doctrine: The Coming Messiah and Suffering Servant
Original: מְחֹלָל / מְדֻכָּא
Category: Suffering Servant
NEW. The Servant’s piercing/wounding and crushing for others’ transgressions (Isaiah 53:5). Concrete, physical-penal force must not be abstracted into a vague metaphor for generic hardship.
By His Wounds We Are Healed
Approved rendering: durch seine Wunden sind wir heil geworden (reviewer sign-off required) / wir sind geheilt
Transliteration: chavurato nirpa-lanu
Doctrine: The Coming Messiah and Suffering Servant
Original: חֲבֻרָתוֹ נִרְפָּא־לָנוּ
Category: Suffering Servant
NEW. The Servant’s wounds effect healing (Isaiah 53:5), quoted in 1 Peter 2:24. Luther’s classic rendering uses ‘heil’ — one of the rare theologically appropriate historic uses the baseline’s Nazi-era-contamination caution anticipates (parallel to the Ephesians ‘Helm des Heils’ exception). Mandatory explicit reviewer sign-off before using ‘heil’; default to Rettung/Erlösung-based phrasing (‘wir sind geheilt’) absent sign-off.
Iniquity Laid On Him
Approved rendering: der HERR warf unsere ganze Schuld auf ihn
Transliteration: va-YHWH hiphgi’a bo et avon kullanu
Doctrine: The Coming Messiah and Suffering Servant
Original: וַיהוָה הִפְגִּיעַ בּוֹ אֵת עֲוֹן כֻּלָּנוּ
Category: Suffering Servant
NEW. God as active agent causing the guilt of all to fall on the Servant (Isaiah 53:6) — the clearest single OT statement of substitutionary imputation. The Hebrew hiphil’s causative force (God as acting subject, not a passive event) must be preserved; parallels the baseline’s caution about preserving the forensic sense of imputation.
Lamb Led To Slaughter
Approved rendering: wie ein Lamm, das zur Schlachtung geführt wird
Transliteration: seh / ke-rachel… lifnei gozzeiha
Doctrine: The Coming Messiah and Suffering Servant
Original: שֶׂה / כְּרָחֵל… לִפְנֵי גֹזְזֶיהָ
Category: Suffering Servant
NEW. The Servant’s voluntary silence under unjust suffering (Isaiah 53:7), quoted of Jesus in Acts 8:32-33. Reuses established Lamm exactly (see lamb_of_god above); the OT background image behind, but not verbally identical to, John 1:29’s fixed phrase — exposit, never silently merge. Na’aneh’s grammatical ambiguity (submitted himself vs. was afflicted) flagged for mandatory theologian review; prefer the reflexive ‘er beugte sich’ to preserve voluntary agency absent a specific pedagogical reason for the passive.
Guilt Offering
Approved rendering: Schuldopfer
Transliteration: asham
Doctrine: The Coming Messiah and Suffering Servant
Rejected alternatives: Opfer (too generic — loses Levitical specificity, FORBIDDEN as sole rendering)
Original: אָשָׁם
Category: Suffering Servant
NEW. The precise Levitical guilt/reparation-offering category, distinct from chatta’ah (sin offering) and olah (burnt offering); applied to the Servant’s death as a definite cultic atoning act (Isaiah 53:10). ‘Es gefiel dem HERRN, ihn zu zerschlagen’ must not imply divine cruelty detached from purpose — pair with the baseline’s kenosis doctrine to avoid a Father-versus-Son misreading.
Servant Justifies Many
Approved rendering: für gerecht erklären (preferred) / gerecht machen (Lutherbibel, requires forensic-sense gloss)
Transliteration: yatsdiq… tsaddiq avdi larabbim
Doctrine: The Coming Messiah and Suffering Servant / Justification by Faith
Original: יַצְדִּיק… צַדִּיק עַבְדִּי לָרַבִּים
Category: Suffering Servant
NEW — THE SINGLE HIGHEST-PRIORITY CROSS-DOCUMENT CONSISTENCY REQUIREMENT IN THIS ENTIRE PACKAGE (Isaiah 53:11). Lutherbibel’s ‘gerecht machen’ risks a transformative/infused-grace misreading; ‘für gerecht erklären’ preserves the forensic sense matching the baseline’s Rechtfertigung/zugerechnete Gerechtigkeit doctrine. MANDATORY theologian review, every occurrence, with an explicit translator note clarifying the Hebrew causative-declarative (forensic) verb form.
Poured Out His Soul
Approved rendering: er hat sein Leben in den Tod gegeben
Transliteration: he’erah nafsho
Doctrine: The Coming Messiah and Suffering Servant
Rejected alternatives: er hat gelitten (weakens the totality of voluntary self-offering — FORBIDDEN)
Original: הֶעֱרָה נַפְשׁוֹ
Category: Suffering Servant
NEW. The Servant’s total, voluntary self-giving unto death (Isaiah 53:12). Must retain the totality of self-giving, never a weaker ‘he suffered.‘
High Risk Terms
Grace
Approved rendering: Gnade
Transliteration: Gnade
Doctrine: Grace
Rejected alternatives: Barmherzigkeit, Wohlwollen
Original: חֵן
Category: The Sovereignty of God over the Nations
INHERITED FROM ROMANS PACKAGE (unchanged). Reserved exclusively for chen/charis-family (unmerited-favor) concepts. MANDATORY DISAMBIGUATION for Isaiah: never use for chesed (covenant loyalty), which renders separately as Güte/Treue — see steadfast_love_chesed below. The compound ‘Gnadenjahr’ (61:2) is an established, safe idiom and does not require the same Critical-tier flagging as bare theological uses.
Salvation
Approved rendering: Rettung
Transliteration: Rettung
Doctrine: Salvation
Rejected alternatives: Heil (Nazi-era contamination risk), Erlösung (more existential/liberation-flavored)
INHERITED FROM ROMANS PACKAGE (unchanged). Isaiah’s yeshu’ah (12:2-3; 25:9; 45:17; 49:6; 52:7, 10; 61:10) is the direct root of both this term and, etymologically, the name Yeshua/Jesus — see savior below. The case-by-case ‘Heil’ reviewer-sign-off rule applies with unusual force at Isaiah 53:5 — see by_his_wounds_we_are_healed.
Gentiles
Approved rendering: Heiden
Transliteration: Heiden
Doctrine: Unity of Jews and Gentiles
Original: גּוֹיִם
Category: Salvation Extended to the Nations
INHERITED FROM ROMANS PACKAGE (unchanged). Isaiah’s goyim recurs far more densely across the book’s second half (2:2; 11:10; 42:1, 6; 49:6; 60:3; 66:19) than in Romans; the historical-sensitivity handling for ‘Juden und Heiden’ pairings applies at every occurrence regardless of local risk tier.
Election
Approved rendering: Erwählung
Transliteration: Erwählung
Doctrine: Effectual Calling
Original: בָּחַר
Category: The Sovereignty of God over the Nations
INHERITED FROM ROMANS PACKAGE (unchanged). Isaiah’s bachar (41:8-9; 42:1; 44:1-2) reuses this term; the same Lutheran/Reformed pastoral-emphasis-balance caution applies, now recurring across many more passages than in Romans.
New Creation
Approved rendering: neue Schöpfung
Transliteration: neue Schöpfung
Doctrine: Circumcision and New Creation
INHERITED FROM ROMANS PACKAGE (unchanged). Retained here specifically to be kept lexically DISTINCT from Isaiah’s own ‘neue Himmel und eine neue Erde’ (65:17; 66:22) — related concept, distinct phrase; never silently merge the two. See new_heavens_and_new_earth below.
Holy One Of Israel
Approved rendering: der Heilige Israels
Transliteration: qedosh Yisra’el
Doctrine: The Holiness and Majesty of God
Rejected alternatives: der heilige Gott (loses title-force)
Original: קְדוֹשׁ יִשְׂרָאֵל
Category: Holiness and Majesty of God
NEW. Recurring divine title (~25 occurrences: 1:4; 5:19; 10:20; 12:6; 30:11-12; 41:14; 43:3; 49:7; 60:9). Render as a fixed title, never dissolved into a generic descriptive phrase. Teach as a covenantal designation, not a reference to the modern nation-state, given Germany’s Staatsräson-linked sensitivity around ‘Israel.‘
Lord Of Hosts
Approved rendering: HERR der Heerscharen
Transliteration: YHWH Tseva’ot
Doctrine: The Holiness and Majesty of God / The Sovereignty of God over the Nations
Original: יהוה צְבָאוֹת
Category: Holiness and Majesty of God
NEW. Standardized primary rendering across all 60+ Isaiah occurrences (6:3, 5; 1:9, 24; 9:7; 13:4; throughout). ‘HERR Zebaoth’ is permitted only in explicitly liturgical/hymnic quotation contexts (e.g. ‘Ein feste Burg’). Reviewer sign-off required per occurrence given frequency; document once in translation memory rather than re-adjudicating per verse.
Idols
Approved rendering: Götzen / Götzenbilder
Transliteration: elilim / pesilim
Doctrine: Judgment on Israel’s Idolatry and Injustice
Rejected alternatives: Idole (FORBIDDEN — pop-culture celebrity collision)
Original: אֱלִילִים / פְּסִילִים
Category: Judgment on Israel’s Idolatry and Injustice
NEW. GENUINE GERMAN-SPECIFIC COLLISION: contemporary German ‘Idol’ is dominated by pop-culture/celebrity usage (casting-show franchises). ‘Götzen/Götzenbilder’ is MANDATORY throughout (2:8, 18-20; 10:11; 19:1, 3; 31:7; 44:9-20; 57:5-13); any occurrence of ‘Idole’ for this concept is an automatic QA failure.
Branch Root Messianic
Approved rendering: Zweig / Spross / Wurzel
Transliteration: tsemach / netser / shoresh
Doctrine: The Coming Messiah
Original: צֶמַח / נֵצֶר / שֹׁרֶשׁ
Category: The Coming Messiah
NEW. Developing Messianic-Branch motif across three distinct Hebrew words: 4:2 (Branch of the LORD), 11:1, 10 (Root/shoot of Jesse), 53:2 (the Servant’s root-like origin). Must be tracked and cross-referenced explicitly across all three occurrences as ONE developing motif, not three unrelated botanical images.
Wonderful Counselor
Approved rendering: Wunderrat / wunderbarer Ratgeber
Transliteration: pele yo’etz
Doctrine: The Coming Messiah
Original: פֶּלֶא יוֹעֵץ
Category: The Coming Messiah
NEW. First of four throne-names (Isaiah 9:6). Requires exposition that Hebrew ‘pele’ signals divine, not merely exceptional-human, wisdom — German ‘wunderbar’ has drifted toward a generic intensifier and must not be relied on alone to carry this weight.
Day Of Vengeance
Approved rendering: Tag der Vergeltung
Transliteration: yom naqam
Doctrine: The Sovereignty of God over the Nations
Rejected alternatives: Tag der Rache (risks a merely personal-vindictiveness reading)
Original: יוֹם נָקָם
Category: Judgment on Israel’s Idolatry and Injustice
NEW. Distinct from day_of_the_lord above; God’s decisive judicial vindication of covenant wrongs (34:8; reused 61:2; 63:4). Must be paired in exposition with its co-occurring comfort/favor language, especially at 61:2 (within the baseline’s nazareth_manifesto passage), to avoid an imbalanced, vengeance-only reading.
Stone Of Stumbling
Approved rendering: Stein des Anstoßes
Transliteration: even negef
Doctrine: The Coming Messiah
Original: אֶבֶן נֶגֶף
Category: The Coming Messiah
NEW. God’s own presence becoming an occasion of judgment for the unbelieving (Isaiah 8:14-15). Directly cited (conflated with 28:16) in Romans 9:33; must cross-reference that citation explicitly in teaching material.
Swallow Up Death
Approved rendering: den Tod verschlingen für immer
Transliteration: billa hamavet
Doctrine: The New Heavens and New Earth
Original: בִּלַּע הַמָּוֶת
Category: The New Heavens and New Earth
NEW. God’s promise to permanently abolish death (Isaiah 25:8), directly cited in 1 Corinthians 15:54 and echoed in Revelation 21:4. Cross-reference both explicitly.
Your Dead Shall Live
Approved rendering: deine Toten werden leben
Transliteration: techiyeyna meteikha
Doctrine: The New Heavens and New Earth
Original: תְּחִיֶּיןָ מֵתֶיךָ
Category: The New Heavens and New Earth
NEW. Among the clearest OT bodily-resurrection texts (Isaiah 26:19). Must not be flattened into a merely national-restoration metaphor (a live scholarly debate) without also presenting its canonical resurrection-hope role, reusing the established Auferstehung vocabulary in exposition.
Highway Of Holiness
Approved rendering: Weg der Heiligkeit
Transliteration: mesillah / derekh haqodesh
Doctrine: Comfort and Restoration for God’s People
Original: מְסִלָּה / דֶּרֶךְ הַקֹּדֶשׁ
Category: Comfort and Restoration for God’s People
NEW. A prepared roadway for the ransomed’s return (Isaiah 35:8), reused at 40:3’s ‘way of the LORD,’ quoted of John the Baptist in all four Gospels. This connection must be made explicit in teaching material, not left implicit.
Comfort
Approved rendering: tröstet
Transliteration: nacham (nachamu)
Doctrine: Comfort and Restoration for God’s People
Original: נָחַם (imperative נַחֲמוּ)
Category: Comfort and Restoration for God’s People
NEW. The programmatic opening command reversing the judgment tone of chs. 1-39 (Isaiah 40:1; reused 49:13; 51:3, 12; 52:9; 61:2; 66:13). ‘Tröstet, tröstet mein Volk’ is the fixed, liturgically established Lutherbibel rendering (Handel’s Messiah German performance tradition; Advent liturgy) and must be preserved exactly, without stylistic modernization.
Redeemer
Approved rendering: Erlöser
Transliteration: go’el
Doctrine: Salvation Extended to the Nations
Original: גֹּאֵל
Category: Salvation Extended to the Nations
NEW. Kinsman-redeemer, God’s self-designation as Israel’s go’el (43:14; 44:6, 24; 47:4; 48:17; 49:7, 26; 54:5, 8; 59:20; 63:16). The concrete legal-familial kinsman-redemption background must be exposited at first occurrence, not left abstract. Isaiah 59:20 is directly cited in Romans 11:26 — flag this cross-reference explicitly.
Gave My Back To Those Who Strike
Approved rendering: ich habe meinen Rücken hingehalten denen, die mich schlugen
Transliteration: gevi natati lemakkim
Doctrine: The Coming Messiah and Suffering Servant
Original: גֵּוִי נָתַתִּי לְמַכִּים
Category: Suffering Servant
NEW. Concrete description of willingly submitted-to physical abuse — flogging, spitting (Isaiah 50:6). Must remain as concrete in German as in Hebrew, matching the baseline’s Schuldschein (Colossians 2:14) concreteness discipline; cross-reference the Gospels’ Passion accounts explicitly.
Steadfast Love Chesed
Approved rendering: Güte / Treue
Transliteration: chesed
Doctrine: Comfort and Restoration for God’s People
Rejected alternatives: Gnade (FORBIDDEN bare use — collides with the baseline’s Critical charis-based Gnade term)
Original: חֶסֶד
Category: Comfort and Restoration for God’s People
NEW. Covenant loyalty, loyal love (54:8, 10; 55:3; 63:7). GENUINE LEXICAL GAP: German has no single word covering chesed’s ‘loyalty that persists despite covenant-partner unfaithfulness’ sense. Must render as Güte/Treue, never bare Gnade, to protect the baseline’s Critical, doctrinally distinct charis/Gnade term. Mandatory native-speaker review at each occurrence.
Clay And Potter
Approved rendering: wir sind der Ton, du bist der Töpfer
Transliteration: chomer… yotsreinu
Doctrine: The Sovereignty of God over the Nations
Original: חֹמֶר… יֹצְרֵנוּ
Category: The Sovereignty of God over the Nations
NEW. The creature-Creator relationship (Isaiah 64:8; also 45:9), directly echoed in Romans 9:20-21. Connects to the baseline’s Critical election_and_predestination doctrine; must not be read as denying human moral responsibility, contrary to Isaiah’s own repeated repentance-calls.
All Flesh Shall Worship
Approved rendering: alles Fleisch wird kommen, um anzubeten
Transliteration: kol-basar… lehishtachavot
Doctrine: Salvation Extended to the Nations
Original: כׇּל־בָּשָׂר… לְהִשְׁתַּחֲוֹת
Category: Salvation Extended to the Nations
NEW. The book’s closing vision of universal worship (Isaiah 66:23). ‘Basar/Fleisch’ here means all humanity in its creaturely totality — a different sense from the baseline’s ethical Galatians ‘Fleisch’ (sinful nature); disambiguate on first occurrence. Preserve the universal scope without qualification, per the baseline’s discipline for universality claims (Romans 3:23; 10:12-13).
Fire Not Quenched Undying Worm
Approved rendering: das Feuer, das nicht erlischt / ihr Wurm stirbt nicht
Transliteration: esh lo tikhbeh / tola’tam lo tamut
Doctrine: (final judgment, closing tension)
Original: אֵשׁ לֹא תִכְבֶּה / תּוֹלַעְתָּם לֹא תָמוּת
Category: The New Heavens and New Earth
NEW. The book’s closing image of ongoing judgment (Isaiah 66:24), the direct source of Jesus’ Gehenna language in Mark 9:48. Preserve the juxtaposition with v.23’s universal worship as-is; do not force premature harmonization.
Cut Off From Land Of Living
Approved rendering: abgeschnitten aus dem Land der Lebenden
Transliteration: nigzar me-erets chayyim
Doctrine: The Coming Messiah and Suffering Servant
Original: נִגְזַר מֵאֶרֶץ חַיִּים
Category: Suffering Servant
NEW. The Servant’s judicially inflicted death, decisively removing him from the realm of the living (Isaiah 53:8), yet vicarious. Must retain the sense of a decisive, judicial ending, not a vague metaphor for exclusion.
Arm Of The Lord
Approved rendering: der Arm des HERRN
Transliteration: zeroa YHWH
Doctrine: The Coming Messiah and Suffering Servant
Original: זְרוֹעַ יהוה
Category: Suffering Servant
NEW. Metaphor for God’s active, deployed saving power (51:9; 53:1), quoted in Romans 10:16 to explain Israel’s unbelief regarding the gospel. Requires exposition that this is metaphorical, not anthropomorphic literalism; make the Romans 10:16 connection explicit.
Altar In Midst Of Egypt
Approved rendering: ein Altar mitten in Ägypten
Transliteration: mizbeach
Doctrine: Salvation Extended to the Nations
NEW. Isaiah 19:19-25’s astonishingly inclusive vision of Egypt and Assyria one day worshiping the LORD alongside Israel, called God’s own people. Not primarily a lexical risk; must be taught with full force, never minimized as poetic hyperbole.
First And The Last
Approved rendering: Ich bin der Erste und der Letzte
Transliteration: ani rishon va-ani acharon
Doctrine: The Sovereignty of God over the Nations
NEW. A totalizing monotheism formula (Isaiah 44:6; reused 41:4; 48:12) directly anticipating the divine self-designation applied to Christ in Revelation 1:17, 22:13 — a supporting cross-reference for the baseline’s deity-of-Christ doctrine cluster.
Medium Risk Terms
Faith
Approved rendering: Glaube
Transliteration: Glaube
Doctrine: Faith
Rejected alternatives: Weltanschauung
Original: אָמַן / הֶאֱמִין
Category: The Sovereignty of God over the Nations
INHERITED FROM ROMANS PACKAGE (unchanged). Relevant at Isaiah 7:9 (‘if you will not believe…’), 28:16, and 53:1 (‘who has believed our report?’).
Called
Approved rendering: berufen
Transliteration: berufen
Doctrine: Divine Calling
INHERITED FROM ROMANS PACKAGE (unchanged). Relevant at Isaiah 41:9 (Israel called), 42:6 and 49:1 (the Servant called) — see called_from_the_womb below for the specific prenatal-calling idiom.
Calling
Approved rendering: Berufung
Transliteration: Berufung
Doctrine: Divine Calling
INHERITED FROM ROMANS PACKAGE (unchanged). Same career/legal-appeal homonym-collision risk documented in the baseline applies wherever this noun form is used in Isaiah teaching material.
Holy
Approved rendering: heilig
Transliteration: heilig
Doctrine: Sanctification
Rejected alternatives: rein
Original: קָדוֹשׁ
Category: Holiness and Majesty of God
INHERITED FROM ROMANS PACKAGE (unchanged), risk elevated to High/Critical in Isaiah-specific contexts per the doctrine_risk_registry.json. The threefold ‘Heilig, heilig, heilig’ (6:3) must be preserved in full, matching the fixed German Sanctus/Trisagion liturgical text exactly — never abbreviated or paraphrased.
Resurrection
Approved rendering: Auferstehung
Transliteration: Auferstehung
Doctrine: Resurrection of Christ
INHERITED FROM ROMANS PACKAGE (unchanged). Isaiah 26:19 (‘your dead shall live’) is among the clearest OT bodily-resurrection texts and should be exposited with reference to this established term — see your_dead_shall_live below.
Incarnation
Approved rendering: Menschwerdung
Transliteration: Menschwerdung
Doctrine: Incarnation
INHERITED FROM ROMANS PACKAGE (unchanged). Relevant to the Sign of Immanuel material (Isaiah 7, 9) as the OT background to the NT incarnation doctrine.
Kingdom Of God
Approved rendering: Reich Gottes
Transliteration: Reich Gottes
Doctrine: Kingdom Mission
Original: מָלַךְ אֱלֹהַיִךְ (“your God reigns”)
Category: The Sovereignty of God over the Nations
INHERITED FROM ROMANS PACKAGE (unchanged). Conceptual reuse (not an identical fixed phrase) at Isaiah 24:23 and 52:7’s ‘your God reigns.‘
Sin
Approved rendering: Sünde
Transliteration: Sünde
Doctrine: Universal Human Accountability
Original: חֵטְא / חַטָּאָה
Category: Judgment on Israel’s Idolatry and Injustice
INHERITED FROM ROMANS PACKAGE (unchanged). Reserved for chet/chatta’ah (1:18; 6:7; 53:5-6, 10, 12); must be kept distinct from the intensified pesha (‘active rebellion’) sense — see rebellion_transgression below. Colloquial trivialization risk documented in the baseline applies with full force in the core passage.
Glory
Approved rendering: Herrlichkeit
Transliteration: Herrlichkeit
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Original: כָּבוֹד
Category: Holiness and Majesty of God
INHERITED FROM ROMANS PACKAGE (unchanged). Isaiah 6:3’s kavod inseparably links God’s glory and holiness as a single revelation; keep both terms distinct but paired in exposition.
Messiah
Approved rendering: Messias
Transliteration: Messias
Doctrine: Messianic Promise
Original: מָשִׁיחַ
Category: The Coming Messiah
INHERITED FROM ROMANS PACKAGE (unchanged), reserved EXCLUSIVELY for the Davidic/Christological sense (Isaiah 9, 11, 42-53, 61). MANDATORY: never use for Isaiah 45:1’s application of mashiach to Cyrus — see anointed_one_general_sense below for the required lower-case ‘Gesalbter’ rendering there. Theologian review mandatory wherever both senses appear near each other.
Covenant
Approved rendering: Bund
Transliteration: Bund
Doctrine: Davidic Covenant
Original: בְּרִית
Category: Comfort and Restoration for God’s People
INHERITED FROM ROMANS PACKAGE (unchanged). Isaiah’s berit (42:6; 54:10; 55:3; 59:21; 61:8) reuses this term exactly, including the ‘covenant of peace’ (berit shalom, 54:10).
Intercession
Approved rendering: Fürbitte
Transliteration: Fürbitte
Doctrine: Prayer and Intercession
Original: הִפְגִּיעַ (intercessory sense)
Category: Suffering Servant
INHERITED FROM ROMANS PACKAGE (unchanged). Isaiah 53:12’s intercessory sense of hiphgi’a creates a direct, teachable link to the Romans 8:34 doctrine of Christ’s ongoing intercession.
Providence
Approved rendering: Vorsehung
Transliteration: Vorsehung
Doctrine: Providence
Original: (conceptual, e.g. 14:24-27; 46:9-11)
Category: The Sovereignty of God over the Nations
INHERITED FROM ROMANS PACKAGE (unchanged). Enlightenment-deist ‘impersonal providence’ misreading risk recurs with elevated frequency in Isaiah’s Cyrus material (44-48), where God’s use of a pagan king could reinforce an impersonal-mechanism reading if not exposited as personal and purposive at each major occurrence.
Mission
Approved rendering: Mission
Transliteration: Mission
Doctrine: Mission to the Nations
Original: (conceptual, e.g. 42:1-4; 49:6)
Category: Salvation Extended to the Nations
INHERITED FROM ROMANS PACKAGE (unchanged). Relevant to the Servant’s and Israel’s commissioned sending (42:1-4; 49:6).
Israel
Approved rendering: Israel
Transliteration: Israel
Doctrine: Unity of Jews and Gentiles
Original: יִשְׂרָאֵל
Category: The Sovereignty of God over the Nations
INHERITED FROM ROMANS PACKAGE (unchanged). Germany’s post-Holocaust Staatsräson-linked national sensitivity applies with equal or greater force given Isaiah’s sustained, book-length engagement with Israel’s identity, judgment, and restoration.
God
Approved rendering: Gott
Transliteration: Gott
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Original: אֱלֹהִים
Category: Holiness and Majesty of God
INHERITED FROM ROMANS PACKAGE (unchanged). Isaiah’s Elohim/YHWH usage recurs with far greater density than in Romans; the East/West German religious-literacy divide documented in the baseline applies equally here.
Holy Spirit
Approved rendering: Heiliger Geist
Transliteration: Heiliger Geist
Doctrine: Sanctification
Original: רוּחַ יהוה
Category: The Sovereignty of God over the Nations
INHERITED FROM ROMANS PACKAGE (unchanged). Isaiah’s ruach YHWH (11:2; 42:1; 44:3; 61:1; 63:11) reuses this term; the sevenfold description at 11:2 must be preserved as a deliberate, unqualified, complete list per the Ephesians 4:4-6 sevenfold-formula discipline — see sevenfold_spirit_of_the_lord below.
Father
Approved rendering: Vater
Transliteration: Vater
Doctrine: Adoption into God’s Family
Original: אָב
Category: Comfort and Restoration for God’s People
INHERITED FROM ROMANS PACKAGE (unchanged), risk elevated to High in Isaiah-specific contexts per the doctrine_risk_registry.json. Isaiah 63:16 and 64:8’s direct paternal address (‘you, LORD, are our Father’) uses ordinary Hebrew ‘avinu,’ not an Aramaic Abba form — note the resonance with the baseline’s Abba/Vater intimacy doctrine without overclaiming direct lexical identity.
Abba
Approved rendering: Abba
Transliteration: Abba
Doctrine: Adoption into God’s Family
INHERITED FROM ROMANS PACKAGE (unchanged). Retained here purely for the cross-reference noted under ‘father’ above; Isaiah itself never uses this Aramaic form.
Seed Of David
Approved rendering: Nachkomme Davids
Transliteration: Nachkomme Davids
Doctrine: Davidic Covenant
Rejected alternatives: Same Davids (archaic/crude register)
INHERITED FROM ROMANS PACKAGE (unchanged). Conceptually linked to Isaiah’s ‘Root of Jesse’ (shoresh Yishai, 11:1, 10) Messianic-descent motif — see branch_root_messianic below.
Justice Mishpat
Approved rendering: Recht
Transliteration: mishpat
Doctrine: Judgment on Israel’s Idolatry and Injustice
Original: מִשְׁפָּט
Category: Judgment on Israel’s Idolatry and Injustice
NEW. Must be kept distinguishable from Gerechtigkeit (tsedaqah, Critical baseline term); Isaiah regularly pairs mishpat u-tsedaqah as complementary, not identical, concepts (1:17, 21; 5:7; 9:7; 42:1, 4; 59:8). Always pair with ‘Gerechtigkeit’ in exposition to anchor the sense and prevent drift toward ‘Recht’ as merely ‘a legal entitlement.‘
Rebellion Transgression
Approved rendering: Missetat / Übertretung
Transliteration: pesha
Doctrine: Judgment on Israel’s Idolatry and Injustice
Original: פֶּשַׁע
Category: Judgment on Israel’s Idolatry and Injustice
NEW. Willful, active rebellion, stronger than chet/Sünde (1:2; 53:5, 8, 12; 59:12). Must not be flattened into the general Sünde vocabulary; retains its intensified force in the core passage.
Prince Of Peace
Approved rendering: Friedefürst
Transliteration: Sar-Shalom
Doctrine: The Coming Messiah
Original: שַׂר־שָׁלוֹם
Category: The Coming Messiah
NEW. Climactic fourth throne-name (Isaiah 9:6); reuses established Friede exactly.
Day Of The Lord
Approved rendering: Tag des HERRN
Transliteration: Yom YHWH
Doctrine: The Sovereignty of God over the Nations
Original: יוֹם יהוה
Category: Judgment on Israel’s Idolatry and Injustice
NEW. A specific, decisive day of divine intervention (13:6, 9; 34:8). Standard German eschatological vocabulary; ensure consistent distinction from ordinary calendrical references across the book’s long oracle-against-nations material.
Key Of The House Of David
Approved rendering: Schlüssel des Hauses David
Transliteration: mafteach beit David
Doctrine: The Coming Messiah
NEW. A minor court-official’s authority-symbol (Isaiah 22:22), later reapplied to Christ himself in Revelation 3:7. Cross-reference that reapplication explicitly in teaching material.
Ransomed Of The Lord
Approved rendering: die Erlösten des HERRN
Transliteration: peduyei YHWH
Doctrine: Comfort and Restoration for God’s People
Original: פְּדוּיֵי יהוה
Category: Comfort and Restoration for God’s People
NEW. Those set free by God’s costly redemptive act (35:10; 51:11). Distinct root (padah) from go’el; both may render as ‘erlöst’ with a footnoted lexical distinction rather than requiring readers to track two separate roots.
Sheol
Approved rendering: Scheol
Transliteration: She’ol
Doctrine: (afterlife background, not a named curriculum doctrine)
Rejected alternatives: Hölle (FORBIDDEN — anachronistic NT Gehenna category)
Original: שְׁאוֹל
Category: The New Heavens and New Earth
NEW. The shadowy, general OT realm of the dead (38:10, 18; 14:9, 15). Transliterate as ‘Scheol’; never render as ‘Hölle,’ which would wrongly import the later NT eternal-punishment category onto this OT term.
Bruised Reed Smoking Flax
Approved rendering: das geknickte Rohr / der glimmende Docht
Transliteration: qaneh ratsuts / pishtah kheihah
Doctrine: The Coming Messiah and Suffering Servant
Original: קָנֶה רָצוּץ / פִּשְׁתָּה כֵהָה
Category: Suffering Servant
NEW. Fragile objects the Servant will not break or extinguish (Isaiah 42:3), quoted of Jesus in Matthew 12:20.
For My Names Sake
Approved rendering: um meines Namens willen
Transliteration: lema’ani / lema’an shemi
Doctrine: The Sovereignty of God over the Nations / Grace
Original: לְמַעֲנִי / לְמַעַן שְׁמִי
Category: The Sovereignty of God over the Nations
NEW. God’s patience grounded in his own character, not Israel’s merit (Isaiah 48:9, 11). Useful cross-reference to the baseline’s Critical grace-not-merit doctrine cluster.
Called From The Womb
Approved rendering: vom Mutterleib an berufen
Transliteration: mibbeten qera’ani
Doctrine: The Coming Messiah and Suffering Servant
Original: מִבֶּטֶן קְרָאָנִי
Category: Suffering Servant
NEW. The Servant’s prenatal, pre-birth divine calling and naming (Isaiah 49:1, 5). Reuses established berufen/Berufung vocabulary; cross-reference Galatians 1:15 (Paul’s own calling) in teaching material.
Opened My Ear
Approved rendering: er hat mir das Ohr geöffnet
Transliteration: patach-li ozen
Doctrine: The Coming Messiah and Suffering Servant
Original: פָּתַח־לִי אֹזֶן
Category: Suffering Servant
NEW. Idiom for the Servant’s granted, attentive, obedient hearing (Isaiah 50:5), preceding and grounding his willing suffering; connects to the obedience-precedes-suffering pattern fully developed in ch. 53.
Come Everyone Who Thirsts
Approved rendering: Auf, alle, die ihr dürstet, kommt
Transliteration: hoy kol-tsame lekhu
Doctrine: Salvation Extended to the Nations
Original: הוֹי כׇּל־צָמֵא לְכוּ
Category: Salvation Extended to the Nations
NEW. An open, universal, unqualified invitation to receive salvation freely, ‘without money and without price’ (Isaiah 55:1). Cross-reference the baseline’s Critical grace-not-merit doctrine.
Loose The Bonds Of Injustice
Approved rendering: die Fesseln des Unrechts lösen
Transliteration: patteach chartsubbot resha
Doctrine: Judgment on Israel’s Idolatry and Injustice
Original: פַתֵּחַ חַרְצֻבּוֹת רֶשַׁע
Category: Judgment on Israel’s Idolatry and Injustice
NEW. True fasting/worship redefined as active social justice (Isaiah 58:6).
Trodden The Winepress Alone
Approved rendering: ich habe die Kelter allein getreten
Transliteration: purah darakhti levaddi
Doctrine: The Sovereignty of God over the Nations
Original: פּוּרָה דָּרַכְתִּי לְבַדִּי
Category: The Sovereignty of God over the Nations
NEW. God’s solitary act of judgment against his enemies (Isaiah 63:3), echoed in Revelation 19:15. Complements, not contradicts, the Servant’s substitutionary suffering in ch. 53 — judgment and salvation are both solitary divine acts.
Former Things Not Remembered
Approved rendering: die früheren Dinge wird man nicht mehr gedenken
Transliteration: lo tizzakharnah ha-rishonot
Doctrine: The New Heavens and New Earth
Original: לֹא תִזָּכַרְנָה הָרִאשֹׁנוֹת
Category: The New Heavens and New Earth
NEW. Complete transcendence of prior grief in the new creation (Isaiah 65:17), echoed in Revelation 21:4’s ‘no more tears.‘
No Violence No Deceit
Approved rendering: er hat keine Gewalt getan, und in seinem Munde war kein Betrug
Transliteration: lo-chamas asah ve-lo mirmah befiv
Doctrine: The Coming Messiah and Suffering Servant
Original: לֹא־חָמָס עָשָׂה וְלֹא מִרְמָה בְּפִיו
Category: Suffering Servant
NEW. The Servant’s total moral innocence (Isaiah 53:9), quoted in 1 Peter 2:22 — the necessary precondition for a valid substitutionary sacrifice. Teach alongside vv. 5-6’s guilt-bearing without appearing self-contradictory.
Lords Judge Lawgiver King
Approved rendering: der HERR ist unser Richter, unser Gesetzgeber, unser König
Transliteration: YHWH shofteinu, YHWH mechoqqeinu, YHWH malkeinu
Doctrine: The Sovereignty of God over the Nations
Original: יהוה שֹׁפְטֵנוּ, יהוה מְחֹקְקֵנוּ, יהוה מַלְכֵּנוּ
Category: The Sovereignty of God over the Nations
NEW. A triple-office formula concentrating full divine sovereignty in a single title (Isaiah 33:22). Useful as a proto-Trinitarian threefold-office teaching illustration, but must not be over-read as developed Trinitarian doctrine.
Remnant
Approved rendering: Rest / Überrest
Transliteration: she’ar
Doctrine: The Sovereignty of God over the Nations
NEW. The surviving portion preserved through judgment (Isaiah 10:20-22). Teach as an act of divine grace/preservation, not mere statistical survival.
Sevenfold Spirit Of The Lord
Approved rendering: Geist des HERRN… Geist der Weisheit und des Verstandes, Geist des Rates und der Stärke, Geist der Erkenntnis und der Furcht des HERRN
Transliteration: ruach YHWH… ruach chokhmah uvinah
Doctrine: The Coming Messiah
NEW. Isaiah 11:2’s sevenfold description of the Messiah’s Spirit-empowered rule. Reuses established Heiliger Geist vocabulary; the sevenfold structure (echoed in Revelation’s ‘seven spirits’) must be preserved as a deliberate, complete, unqualified list, per the discipline already established for the baseline’s Ephesians 4:4-6 sevenfold formula.
Deaf Shall Hear Blind Shall See
Approved rendering: die Tauben werden hören, die Blinden werden sehen
Transliteration: cheireshim yishme’u / ivrim yir’u
Doctrine: The Coming Messiah and Suffering Servant
NEW. A healing-signs motif (29:18; 35:5) directly fulfilled in Jesus’ ministry, cited in Matthew 11:5 as proof of messianic identity. Track as a recurring motif across both occurrences.
Spirit Poured Out From On High
Approved rendering: der Geist wird über uns ausgegossen aus der Höhe
Transliteration: ruach merom
Doctrine: The Sovereignty of God over the Nations
NEW. Isaiah 32:15’s anticipation of Spirit-outpouring transforming both the natural order and society; a precursor to Pentecost imagery. Cross-reference the Joel/Acts Pentecost tradition in teaching material.
Low Risk Terms
Gospel
Approved rendering: Evangelium
Transliteration: Evangelium
Doctrine: Gospel
INHERITED FROM ROMANS PACKAGE (unchanged). Shared, stable term across Catholic (Einheitsübersetzung) and Protestant (Lutherbibel) German Bibles since Luther himself coined this usage. In Isaiah, cross-referenced at 52:7’s ‘mevasser’ (good-news herald), the direct Hebrew lexical ancestor of this concept, quoted in Romans 10:15.
Peace
Approved rendering: Friede
Transliteration: Friede
Doctrine: Peace with God
Original: שָׁלוֹם
Category: Comfort and Restoration for God’s People
INHERITED FROM ROMANS PACKAGE (unchanged). Isaiah’s shalom (9:6-7; 26:3; 32:17; 48:18; 53:5; 54:10; 57:19) must match this established term exactly wherever the core passage (53:5) is taught.
Prophet
Approved rendering: Prophet
Transliteration: Prophet
Doctrine: Inspiration of Scripture
Original: נָבִיא
Category: The Sovereignty of God over the Nations
INHERITED FROM ROMANS PACKAGE (unchanged).
Prophecy
Approved rendering: Weissagung
Transliteration: Weissagung
Doctrine: Fulfillment of Prophecy
Original: נְבוּאָה (“the former things”)
Category: The Sovereignty of God over the Nations
INHERITED FROM ROMANS PACKAGE (unchanged). Relevant to Isaiah’s own ‘former things’ fulfillment-vindication theme (42:9; 44:7-8; 46:10).
David
Approved rendering: David
Transliteration: David
Doctrine: Davidic Covenant
Original: דָּוִד
Category: The Coming Messiah
INHERITED FROM ROMANS PACKAGE (unchanged). Isaiah 7:2; 9:7; 11:1; 55:3.
Jesus
Approved rendering: Jesus
Transliteration: Jesus
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
INHERITED FROM ROMANS PACKAGE (unchanged). Used in teaching material connecting Isaiah’s Messianic/Servant material to its NT fulfillment; never used in the base translation of the Hebrew text itself.
Seraphim
Approved rendering: Serafim
Transliteration: serafim
Doctrine: The Holiness and Majesty of God
Original: שְׂרָפִים
Category: Holiness and Majesty of God
NEW. Six-winged heavenly attendants of God’s throne (Isaiah 6:2, 6). Transliterated proper term; standard German Bible usage, minimal collision risk.
Woe
Approved rendering: Wehe
Transliteration: hoy
Doctrine: Judgment on Israel’s Idolatry and Injustice
Original: הוֹי
Category: Judgment on Israel’s Idolatry and Injustice
NEW. A funeral-lament interjection repurposed as a recurring prophetic judgment-oracle formula (5:8ff; 10:1; 28:1; 29:1; 30:1; 31:1; 33:1; 45:9-10). Matches the baseline’s Matthew 23 woes_against_pharisees term register exactly; reuse consistently to reinforce the genre-marker function across the book.
Vineyard
Approved rendering: Weinberg
Transliteration: kerem
Doctrine: Judgment on Israel’s Idolatry and Injustice
NEW. Extended allegory of God’s covenant care and Israel’s failure (Isaiah 5:1-7). Note continuity with John 15:1, 5’s ‘true vine’ (baseline seven_i_am_statements) in teaching material.
Ensign To The Nations
Approved rendering: Banner / Zeichen
Transliteration: nes
Doctrine: Salvation Extended to the Nations
NEW. A raised signal-flag drawing scattered exiles and the nations to the Messianic root (Isaiah 11:10-12).
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