Core Glossary
08 — Core Glossary: Exodus (German Language Package)
This glossary consolidates every load-bearing term identified in 07_semantic_analysis.md into a single reference table, organized by doctrine category. Terms already fixed in the baseline translation_memory.json are marked [BASELINE — reuse exactly]; new Exodus-specific terms are marked [NEW]. Risk tiers follow the baseline’s four-tier framework (Critical / High / Medium / Low) and drive Phase 2 review routing exactly as doctrine_risk_registry.json already establishes for Romans.
1. The Character and Name of God (I AM)
| Term (EN) | Original (Heb./LXX) | Transliteration | German Rendering | Risk | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| the LORD / YHWH | יהוה / κύριος | YHWH / kyrios | HERR (small caps convention) | Critical [NEW] | Distinguished typographically from “Herr” (baseline lord/Adonai-kyrios sense). Occurs hundreds of times across Exodus; every instance must be checked. Extends the baseline’s Critical lord risk far beyond its Romans scope. |
| I AM WHO I AM | אֶהְיֶה אֲשֶׁר אֶהְיֶה / ἐγώ εἰμι ὁ ὤν | Ehyeh Asher Ehyeh | Ich bin, der ich bin | Critical [NEW] | Exodus 3:14. Direct textual root of the baseline’s Critical seven_i_am_statements (“Ich bin,” John’s Gospel). Must use identical “Ich bin” verb form to preserve the typological bridge. |
| God, merciful and gracious | אֵל רַחוּם וְחַנּוּן | El rachum ve-chanun | ein barmherziger und gnädiger Gott | Critical [NEW] | Exodus 34:6-7. The Bible’s most-quoted divine self-description. Must include “Gnade” to connect to baseline Critical grace. Chesed (steadfast love/covenant loyalty) is under-captured by “Gnade” alone; pair with “Treue.” |
| none like me in all the earth | אֵין כָּמֹנִי בְּכָל־הָאָרֶץ | ein kamoni be-khol ha-arets | keiner ist wie ich in der ganzen Erde | Low [NEW] | Exodus 9:14. Incomparability/monotheism polemic against Egyptian religion. |
| that you may know that I am the LORD | לְמַעַן תֵּדַע כִּי אֲנִי יהוה | lema’an teda ki ani YHWH | damit du erkennst, dass ich der HERR bin | Medium [NEW] | Recurring plague-narrative formula (7:17; 8:10, 22; 9:14, 29; 10:2; 11:7). Fixed, consistent phrasing required across all occurrences. |
| glory of the LORD | כְּבוֹד יְהוָה / δόξα κυρίου | kavod YHWH | Herrlichkeit [BASELINE — reuse exactly] | Critical | Exodus 40:34-35 is the direct OT root of the baseline’s Critical word_became_flesh (John 1:14). Must be taught as directly connected, not parallel. |
2. The Exodus as Redemption / Deliverance from Bondage to Sin
| Term (EN) | Original (Heb./LXX) | Transliteration | German Rendering | Risk | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| bondage / slavery | עַבְדֻת, עֲבֹדָה / δουλεία | avdut, avodah | Knechtschaft / Sklaverei | High [NEW] | Ch. 1 and throughout. Wordplay with avodah=“worship/service” (below) is central to the book’s theology and must be surfaced, not flattened. |
| serve / worship (same root as bondage) | עָבַד / λατρεύω | avad | dienen | High [NEW] | “Let my people go that they may serve/worship me” (7:16; 8:1). Deliberate contrast with “Knechtschaft” above — freedom from Pharaoh’s slavery is freedom for God’s service, directly reinforcing Deliverance from Bondage to Sin doctrine. |
| redeem (kinsman-sense) | גָּאַל / ῥύομαι, λυτρόω | ga’al | erlösen / Erlösung | High [NEW] | Exodus 6:6. Curriculum-level convention: use “Erlösung” for OT bondage-to-freedom redemption (per baseline’s own note that “Erlösung” is “more existential/liberation-flavored”), distinct from padah below. |
| redeem (ransom-payment sense) | פָּדָה / λυτρόω | padah | erlösen / auslösen | High [NEW] | Exodus 13:13. Distinct from ga'al; commercial/substitute-payment nuance. Direct lexical root of baseline’s Critical son_of_man_ransom (“Lösegeld,” Matthew 20:28). |
| salvation of the LORD | תְּשׂוּעַת יְהוָה / σωτηρία | teshuat YHWH | Rettung [BASELINE — reuse exactly] | High | Exodus 14:13. Concrete OT narrative root of baseline’s Critical salvation doctrine. Use “Rettung” (accomplished rescue), not “Erlösung” (reserved for ga'al/padah bondage-vocabulary above), per this package’s internal convention. |
| affliction | עֳנִי / κάκωσις | oni | Unterdrückung / Bedrückung | Medium [NEW] | Exodus 1:11-12; 3:7. God “sees” and is moved by suffering before redeeming. |
| groaning | נְאָקָה / στεναγμός | ne’akah | Seufzen | Low [NEW] | Exodus 2:24; 6:5. Lexical family shared with Romans 8:26’s Spirit’s groaning (baseline prayer_and_intercession/providence). |
3. Passover and Substitutionary Atonement
| Term (EN) | Original (Heb./LXX) | Transliteration | German Rendering | Risk | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Passover | פֶּסַח / πάσχα | Pesach / Pascha | Passa (primary); Pascha (Catholic-register alt.) | Critical [NEW] | Exodus 12:11 and throughout. Must remain a recognizable loanword-term, never generalized to “Fest,” to preserve the 1 Korinther 5,7 typological link to Christ. |
| lamb (flock animal, sheep or goat) | שֶׂה / πρόβατον | seh | Lamm (with footnote on broader Hebrew range) | High [NEW] | Exodus 12:3, 5. Required for typological bridge to baseline’s lamb_of_god (Johannes 1:29), though narrows the Hebrew’s sheep-or-goat range. |
| without blemish | תָּמִים / ἄμωμος | tamim | makellos / ohne Fehler | Critical [NEW] | Exodus 12:5. Cross-reference 1. Petrus 1,19 explicitly in teaching material; risk of flattening to a veterinary detail. |
| blood | דָּם / αἷμα | dam | Blut [BASELINE — reuse exactly] | Critical | Exodus 12:7, 13. Direct typological line: Passover blood → Sinai “Blut des Bundes” (24:8) → Christ’s blood (baseline words_of_institution). Must be taught as one continuous line. |
| pass over / spare | פָּסַח / (variously rendered) | pasach | verschonen | Critical [NEW] | Exodus 12:13. The doctrinal center of substitutionary atonement: sparing is because of the blood, not ethnicity (cf. 12:48-49). |
| the destroyer | מַשְׁחִית / ὀλοθρεύων | ha-mashchit | der Verderber | Medium [NEW] | Exodus 12:13, 23. Avoid premature identification with “der Todesengel” (angel of death) — the text itself does not use angel-language here. |
| unleavened bread | מַצָּה / ἄζυμα | matzah | ungesäuertes Brot | Medium [NEW] | Exodus 12:8, 15-20. Connects to baseline concept behind 1 Korinther 5,6-8 (not yet a baseline entry; flag for future NT-curriculum cross-reference). |
| bitter herbs | מְרֹרִים / πικρίς | merorim | bittere Kräuter | Low [NEW] | Exodus 12:8. |
| sign | אוֹת / σημεῖον | ot | Zeichen | Medium [NEW] | Exodus 12:13; 4; 31:13. Consistent across Passover-blood, plague, and Sabbath usages. |
| firstborn | בְּכוֹר / πρωτότοκος | bekhor | Erstgeborener [connects to BASELINE firstborn_of_creation/firstborn_from_the_dead] | High | Exodus 12:12; 13:2. Must make the Colossians 1:15,18 typological connection explicit, not assumed. |
| consecrate to me | קַדֶּשׁ־לִי / ἁγίασόν μοι | qadesh li | mir heiligen / weihen | Medium [NEW] | Exodus 13:2. Redemption-therefore-consecration logic: because spared, therefore set apart. |
| atonement | כִּפֶּר / כַּפָּרָה / ἐξιλάσκομαι | kipper / kapparah | Sühne / sühnen | Critical [NEW] | Exodus 29:33, 36-37. Distinguish from “Versöhnung” (reconciliation-vocabulary); reserve “Sühne” for the sacrificial-covering OT sense. |
| mercy seat / atonement cover | כַּפֹּרֶת / ἱλαστήριον | kapporet | Gnadenthron (primary); Sühnedeckel (Catholic-register alt.) | Critical [NEW] | Exodus 25:17-22. Undocumented but direct lexical bridge to Romans 3:25’s hilastērion — flag for theologian review to formally connect to baseline Romans curriculum. |
| memorial | זִכָּרוֹן / μνημόσυνον | zikkaron | Gedächtnis / Erinnerung | Medium [NEW] | Exodus 12:14. Direct liturgical ancestor of baseline’s words_of_institution (“zum Gedächtnis an mich”). |
| statute forever | חֻקַּת עוֹלָם / νόμιμον αἰώνιον | chukkat olam | ewige Satzung | Medium [NEW] | Exodus 12:14. “Ewig” here means “enduring through the generations,” not philosophically absolute eternity — nuance risk. |
4. The Mosaic Covenant and Law
| Term (EN) | Original (Heb./LXX) | Transliteration | German Rendering | Risk | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| covenant | בְּרִית / διαθήκη | berit | Bund [BASELINE — reuse exactly] | High | Throughout; esp. 6:4-5; 19-24; 34. |
| law | תּוֹרָה / νόμος | torah | Gesetz [BASELINE — reuse exactly] | High | Ch. 20-23 case laws; distinguish “Ten Words” (20) from broader case-law corpus (21-23). |
| the Ten Commandments / Ten Words | עֲשֶׂרֶת הַדְּבָרִים / δέκα λόγοι | aseret ha-devarim | die Zehn Gebote | Medium [NEW] | Exodus 20:1-17; 34:28. Minor confessional numbering variance (Luther vs. Reformed/Catholic) — translator note, not doctrinal risk. |
| blood of the covenant | דַּם־הַבְּרִית / τὸ αἷμα τῆς διαθήκης | dam ha-berit | Blut des Bundes [connects to BASELINE words_of_institution] | Critical | Exodus 24:8. Direct OT source of Matthew 26:28’s already-fixed phrase. |
| the Book of the Covenant | סֵפֶר הַבְּרִית / τὸ βιβλίον τῆς διαθήκης | sefer ha-berit | das Bundesbuch | Low [NEW] | Exodus 24:7. |
| eye for eye | עַיִן תַּחַת עַיִן / ὀφθαλμὸν ἀντὶ ὀφθαλμοῦ | ayin tachat ayin | Auge für Auge | Medium [NEW] | Exodus 21:24. Cross-reference baseline’s antitheses_formula (Matthew 5:38-39); correct popular vengeance-escalation misreading. |
| fear of the LORD | יִרְאַת יהוה / φόβος κυρίου | yirat YHWH | Furcht des HERRN / Gottesfurcht | High [NEW] | Exodus 1:17 (midwives); 20:20. Must be explicitly taught as reverent awe restraining sin, not servile terror. |
| kingdom of priests, holy nation | מַמְלֶכֶת כֹּהֲנִים וְגוֹי קָדוֹשׁ / βασίλειον ἱεράτευμα καὶ ἔθνος ἅγιον | mamlekhet kohanim ve-goy qadosh | ein Königreich von Priestern und ein heiliges Volk | High [NEW] | Exodus 19:6. Direct source of 1 Peter 2:9’s NT ecclesiology; must not be prematurely collapsed with baseline saints/church_as_gods_people without explicit typological framing. |
| treasured possession | עַם סְגֻלָּה / λαὸς περιούσιος | am segullah | Eigentumsvolk | Medium [NEW] | Exodus 19:5. Connects to baseline election/Erwählung doctrine. |
| cut off | נִכְרַת / ἐξολεθρευθήσεται | nikhrat | ausgerottet / ausgeschlossen werden | Medium [NEW] | Exodus 12:15, 19. Clarify social-exclusion vs. capital-punishment ambiguity in teaching material. |
5. Moses as Mediator and Deliverer
| Term (EN) | Original (Heb./LXX) | Transliteration | German Rendering | Risk | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| intercession (“blot me out instead”) | מְחֵנִי נָא מִסִּפְרְךָ | mecheni na… | Fürbitte [BASELINE — reuse exactly, plus context] | High [NEW context] | Exodus 32:32. Real but insufficient/typological mediation — must not be taught as achieving atonement itself, to avoid rivaling Christ’s unique mediatorship. |
| face to face / my presence | פָּנִים אֶל־פָּנִים / πάνιμ | panim | Angesicht / von Angesicht zu Angesicht | Medium [NEW] | Exodus 33:11, 14. God’s personal presence as the covenant’s non-negotiable core. |
| finger of God | אֶצְבַּע אֱלֹהִים / δάκτυλος θεοῦ | etsba Elohim | der Finger Gottes | Low [NEW] | Exodus 8:19; 31:18. Idiom for direct, minimal-effort divine action. |
| sign and wonder | אוֹת וּמוֹפֵת / σημεῖον καὶ τέρας | ot u-mofet | Zeichen und Wunder | Low [NEW] | Fixed pairing, chs. 4, 7-11. |
| hardened heart | חִזֵּק / כִּבֵּד / קָשָׁה לֵב | chazaq / kabed / qashah lev | das Herz verhärten | Critical [NEW] | Chs. 4-14, esp. 9:12; Romans 9:17-18. Direct OT source-text for baseline’s Critical election/effectual_calling/providence cautions. Mandatory theologian review on every occurrence; preserve grammatical variation (divine subject vs. Pharaoh-as-subject vs. passive) where possible. |
6. The Tabernacle and God’s Presence
| Term (EN) | Original (Heb./LXX) | Transliteration | German Rendering | Risk | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| that I may dwell among them | וְשָׁכַנְתִּי בְּתוֹכָם / κατασκηνώσω ἐν ὑμῖν | ve-shakhanti be-tokham | damit ich in ihrer Mitte wohne | Critical [NEW] | Exodus 25:8. Deliberate lexical echo of baseline’s Critical word_became_flesh (“wohnte unter uns,” John 1:14). |
| tabernacle / dwelling place | מִשְׁכָּן / σκηνή | mishkan | Stiftshütte (Lutheran) / Wohnung, Zelt der Begegnung (alt.) | High [NEW] | Chs. 25-40. Confessional register choice parallel to baseline’s Menschwerdung/Inkarnation discipline; note but do not over-adjudicate. |
| ark of the covenant | אֲרוֹן הַבְּרִית / ἡ κιβωτὸς τῆς διαθήκης | aron ha-berit | Bundeslade | Medium [NEW] | Ch. 25, 37. Stable, universally recognized German term. |
| mercy seat | כַּפֹּרֶת / ἱλαστήριον | kapporet | See entry under Section 3 above (Passover/Atonement) | Critical | Cross-listed; central to both doctrines. |
| veil / curtain | פָּרֹכֶת / καταπέτασμα | parokhet | Vorhang | Medium [NEW] | Ch. 26. Forward-connection only to Matthew 27:51 (outside this curriculum’s direct scope). |
| glory of the LORD filled the tabernacle | כְּבוֹד יְהוָה… אֶת־הַמִּשְׁכָּן / δόξα κυρίου ἔπλησεν τὴν σκηνήν | kavod YHWH… et ha-mishkan | die Herrlichkeit des HERRN erfüllte die Wohnung [BASELINE Herrlichkeit — reuse] | Critical | Exodus 40:34-35. Climactic doctrinal payoff of the entire book; direct root of John 1:14. |
| holy to the LORD | קֹדֶשׁ לַיהוה / ἁγίασμα κυρίῳ | qodesh la-YHWH | heilig dem HERRN [BASELINE heilig — reuse] | Medium | Exodus 28:36. |
| Urim and Thummim | אוּרִים וְתֻמִּים | Urim ve-Tummim | Urim und Tummim (retained as loanword) | Low [NEW] | Exodus 28:30. |
| anointing oil | שֶׁמֶן הַמִּשְׁחָה / ἔλαιον χρίσματος | shemen ha-mishchah | Salböl | Medium [NEW] | Exodus 30:25. Etymological root of “Messias”/“Christus” (baseline messiah); surface this connection in teaching material. |
7. Holiness and the Fear of the Lord
| Term (EN) | Original (Heb./LXX) | Transliteration | German Rendering | Risk | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| holy / holiness | קֹדֶשׁ, קָדוֹשׁ / ἅγιος | qodesh, qadosh | heilig / Heiligkeit [BASELINE — reuse exactly] | High | Throughout; esp. 3:5 (holy ground); 19:6; 28:36. |
| holy ground | אַדְמַת־קֹדֶשׁ / γῆ ἁγία | admat qodesh | heiliger Boden | Medium [NEW] | Exodus 3:5. First designation of physical space as holy; grounds Tabernacle doctrine. |
| fear of the LORD | יִרְאַת יהוה / φόβος κυρίου | yirat YHWH | Furcht des HERRN / Gottesfurcht | High [NEW] | See Section 4 above; cross-listed given doctrinal centrality. |
| the midwives feared God | וַתִּירֶאנָה… אֶת־הָאֱלֹהִים | tira’nah et ha-Elohim | [die Hebammen] fürchteten Gott | Medium [NEW] | Exodus 1:17, 21. First occurrence of the fear-of-God theme; models reverence-driven moral courage. |
| the LORD, the LORD, a God merciful and gracious | See Section 1 above | — | — | Critical | Cross-listed; the definitive character-revelation text underlying the whole Holiness/Fear doctrine’s positive (not merely terror-inducing) resolution. |
| Sabbath | שַׁבָּת / σάββατον | Shabbat | Sabbat | Medium [NEW] | Ch. 16, 20, 31. Must not be flattened to secular “Wochenende.” |
| golden calf | עֵגֶל הַזָּהָב / ὁ μόσχος ὁ χρυσοῦς | egel ha-zahav | das goldene Kalb | Low [NEW] | Exodus 32. Fixed German idiom; re-anchor to covenant-idolatry context, not secular “materialism” idiom sense. |
Cross-Reference Index: Baseline Terms Reused Exactly in This Package
| Baseline Term | German | Exodus Occurrences (representative) |
|---|---|---|
| grace | Gnade | 34:6-7 (character revelation); 33:19 |
| covenant | Bund | 2:24; 6:4-5; 19-24; 31:16; 34:10, 27-28 |
| law | Gesetz | 20-23 (case laws); 24:12 (tablets) |
| holy | heilig | 3:5; 19:6; 28:36; 29:33-37; 30:25-30 |
| glory | Herrlichkeit | 16:7, 10; 24:16-17; 33:18-22; 40:34-35 |
| lord | Herr (Adonai/kyrios sense, distinguish from HERR/YHWH) | Various address forms |
| israel | Israel | Throughout |
| god | Gott | Throughout |
| father | Vater | 3:6, 15-16 (“God of your fathers”) |
| fellowship / intercession | Gemeinschaft / Fürbitte | 32:11-14, 30-32; 33:12-17 |
| sin | Sünde | 32:21, 30-34 |
| firstborn (typological link) | Erstgeborener | 4:22-23; 12:12, 29; 13:2, 12-15 |
| election | Erwählung | 19:5 (“treasured possession”) |
| providence | Vorsehung | Undergirds hardening-of-heart discussion (see below) |
Mandatory Theologian-Review Flags (Critical/High Risk Summary)
The following terms require Human theologian review for every occurrence, per the escalation-routing discipline established in doctrine_risk_registry.json:
- YHWH/HERR distinction (pervasive, every chapter)
- “Ich bin, der ich bin” (Exodus 3:14)
- Blood (dam) in Passover and covenant contexts (12:7, 13; 24:8)
- Pass over/spare (pasach, 12:13)
- Firstborn (bekhor) typological connection (12:12; 13:2)
- Mercy seat/kapporet (25:17-22) — undocumented Romans 3:25 bridge
- Hardened heart vocabulary (4:21; 7-14; Romans 9 connection)
- Kingdom of priests/holy nation (19:6) — 1 Peter 2:9 connection, supersessionism caution
- God’s self-revealed character (34:6-7)
- That I may dwell among them / glory filling the tabernacle (25:8; 40:34-35) — John 1:14 connection
- Moses’ intercession (32:32) — mediator-typology caution
- Fear of the LORD (1:17; 20:20) — reverence vs. terror framing
- Atonement/kipper (29:33-37) — Sühne/Versöhnung distinction
Native speaker review (non-Critical, non-theologian-mandatory) applies to: bondage/service wordplay (ch. 1), redemption vocabulary (ga’al/padah, chs. 6, 13), Sabbath (ch. 16, 20), tabernacle register choice (Stiftshütte vs. alternatives), veil/curtain (ch. 26), anointing oil (ch. 30), and all “no new vocabulary” chapters’ continuity checks.
This glossary extends the baseline German Romans Language Package. All Exodus-specific term decisions recorded here (especially the Erlösung/Rettung convention for OT vs. NT redemption vocabulary, and the Gnadenthron rendering for kapporet) should be formally incorporated into an updated translation_memory.json prior to Phase 2 translation work, per the baseline’s own new-term protocol (“Translation Memory Load and Enforcement Instructions,” Rule 3).
Critical Risk Terms
Lord
Approved rendering: Herr
Transliteration: Herr
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: Meister, Chef
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Romans 10:9 collision with the everyday honorific ‘Herr Müller’. Exodus-specific: this risk is massively multiplied across the whole book because Exodus additionally requires the distinct, typographically separate rendering ‘HERR’ (small caps) for the covenant name YHWH — see yhwh_the_lord. ‘Herr’ (this entry) is reserved exclusively for the Adonai/kyrios sense (e.g. address forms, ‘mein Herr’); never conflate with ‘HERR’.
Freedom
Approved rendering: Freiheit
Transliteration: Freiheit
Doctrine: Freedom in Christ
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Exodus-specific: the book’s entire bondage/service (avad) wordplay (see bondage_slavery, serve_worship) is this doctrine’s OT narrative foundation — freedom from Pharaoh’s slavery is freedom FOR God’s service, never freedom from all constraint. Every teaching-material occurrence must guard against an unqualified secular-autonomy reading of ‘Freiheit,’ a risk this package inherits directly from the baseline’s Galatians caution.
Firstborn Of Creation
Approved rendering: Erstgeborener aller Schöpfung
Transliteration: Erstgeborener aller Schöpfung
Doctrine: The Supremacy and Deity of Christ over Creation
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Exodus-specific: shares the German word ‘Erstgeborener’ with Exodus 12:12, 29 and 13:2’s bekhor vocabulary (see firstborn_bekhor) with opposite valence (judgment on Egypt’s firstborn vs. Christ’s rank-supremacy) — teaching material must make this typological connection explicit or German readers will perceive two unrelated usages of the identical word.
Word Became Flesh
Approved rendering: das Wort ward Fleisch und wohnte unter uns
Transliteration: das Wort ward Fleisch und wohnte unter uns
Doctrine: The Prologue: The Word Made Flesh
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Exodus-specific: the verb ‘wohnen’ here must be deliberately echoed in the Exodus rendering of ‘damit ich in ihrer Mitte wohne’ (Exodus 25:8; see dwell_among_them) and in ‘die Herrlichkeit des HERRN erfüllte die Wohnung’ (Exodus 40:34-38; see glory_filling_the_tabernacle) — this is the single most theologically load-bearing lexical bridge between this Exodus package and the existing baseline.
Lamb Of God
Approved rendering: Siehe, das ist Gottes Lamm, welches der Welt Sünde trägt
Transliteration: Siehe, das ist Gottes Lamm, welches der Welt Sünde trägt
Doctrine: The Lamb of God
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Exodus-specific: ‘Lamm’ here is required to preserve the typological bridge to Exodus 12:3, 5’s Passover seh (see lamb_seh), which the German rendering necessarily narrows from the Hebrew’s broader sheep-or-goat range; footnote at Exodus 12:5 must preserve historical accuracy while retaining this typological connection.
Seven I Am Statements
Approved rendering: Ich bin
Transliteration: Ich bin
Doctrine: The Seven “I Am” Statements
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Exodus-specific: Exodus 3:14’s ‘Ich bin, der ich bin’ (see i_am_who_i_am) is the direct textual root the baseline itself explicitly cites for this doctrine (‘echoes God’s self-revelation to Moses, Exodus 3:14’). The identical ‘Ich bin’ verb form is mandatory at 3:14 to preserve this asserted typological bridge; any deviation severs it.
Son Of Man Ransom
Approved rendering: der Menschensohn… Lösegeld für viele
Transliteration: der Menschensohn… Lösegeld für viele
Doctrine: The Son of Man as Servant and Ransom
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Exodus-specific: ‘Lösegeld’ shares its concrete commercial-legal ransom register with Exodus 13:13’s padah-redemption vocabulary (see redeem_padah) and the atonement-money of Exodus 30:12-16 (see atonement_money); flag for theologian review given this direct lexical-conceptual line.
Words Of Institution
Approved rendering: Das ist mein Leib… das ist mein Blut des Bundes
Transliteration: Das ist mein Leib… das ist mein Blut des Bundes
Doctrine: The Words of Institution / Last Supper
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Exodus-specific: ‘Blut des Bundes’ must render identically to Exodus 24:8 (see blood_of_the_covenant), the direct OT source of this Matthew 26:28 phrase, and is itself preceded within Exodus 12 by the Passover blood on the doorposts (see blood_dam) — teach the full Passover-blood -> Sinai-covenant-blood -> Christ’s-blood line as one continuous typology, not three isolated uses of the same word.
Antitheses Formula
Approved rendering: Ihr habt gehört, dass zu den Alten gesagt ist… Ich aber sage euch
Transliteration: Ihr habt gehört, dass zu den Alten gesagt ist… Ich aber sage euch
Doctrine: Fulfillment Not Abolition of the Law
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Exodus-specific: Matthew 5:38-39’s citation directly engages Exodus 21:24’s ‘Auge für Auge’ lex talionis (see eye_for_eye); cross-reference explicitly to correct the popular German misreading of that idiom as endorsing vengeance-escalation rather than the proportional-justice limit it actually establishes.
Immanuel
Approved rendering: Immanuel, das ist verdolmetscht: Gott mit uns
Transliteration: Immanuel, das ist verdolmetscht: Gott mit uns
Doctrine: The Virgin Birth and Incarnation
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Exodus-specific: ‘Gott mit uns’ resonates directly with the Tabernacle and God’s Presence doctrine’s core claim (‘damit ich in ihrer Mitte wohne,’ Exodus 25:8; see dwell_among_them); useful forward-connection point for teaching material, though the Exodus text itself does not use this exact phrase.
Yhwh The Lord
Approved rendering: HERR
Transliteration: YHWH
Doctrine: Character and Name of God
Rejected alternatives: Jehova (Jehovah’s-Witness-movement-name collision, forbidden), Jahwe (permitted only in scholarly/footnote apparatus, never running text)
Original: יהוה
Category: Character and Name of God
The personal, covenant name of God, revealed climactically at the burning bush (Exodus 3) and used constantly throughout Exodus, distinct from the generic ‘Elohim’ (Gott) and the title ‘Adonai’ (Herr, lowercase). Render with the small-capitals convention shared by the Lutherbibel and Einheitsübersetzung, graphically distinguishing YHWH from ordinary ‘Herr’ (see baseline lord entry). Occurs on nearly every page of Exodus; every occurrence must be checked. Plain-text/electronic formats unable to render small caps must substitute a documented all-caps convention (HERR) rather than silently defaulting to lowercase. NEVER render as ‘Jehova’ — this is a new forbidden-substitution rule this package adds, given the contemporary Jehovah’s Witness (Jehovas Zeugen) movement-name collision documented in the translation landscape survey.
I Am Who I Am
Approved rendering: Ich bin, der ich bin
Transliteration: Ehyeh Asher Ehyeh
Doctrine: Character and Name of God
Rejected alternatives: Ehjeh (bare transliteration, would sever the John 8:58 typological bridge)
Original: אֶהְיֶה אֲשֶׁר אֶהְיֶה / ἐγώ εἰμι ὁ ὤν
Category: Character and Name of God
Exodus 3:14. God’s self-revealed name to Moses, expressing self-existence, covenant faithfulness, and irreducible mystery. Must use the identical ‘Ich bin’ verb form already fixed by the baseline for seven_i_am_statements (John’s Gospel), since this verse is the direct textual root the baseline explicitly cites for that doctrine. The single most theologically important lexical decision in this package.
Gods Merciful Character
Approved rendering: ein barmherziger und gnädiger Gott, langmütig und reich an Gnade und Treue
Transliteration: El rachum ve-chanun, erekh apayim ve-rav chesed ve-emet
Doctrine: Character and Name of God
Rejected alternatives: Gnade allein (Chesed under-captured by Gnade alone)
Original: אֵל רַחוּם וְחַנּוּן אֶרֶךְ אַפַּיִם וְרַב־חֶסֶד וֶאֱמֶת
Category: Character and Name of God
Exodus 34:6-7, echoed Numbers 14:18; Psalm 86:15; 103:8; 145:8; Nehemiah 9:17; Joel 2:13; Jonah 4:2. The Bible’s most-quoted OT self-description of God’s character, given immediately after the golden-calf apostasy. Must include ‘Gnade’ (baseline’s Critical grace term); chesed exceeds ‘Gnade’ alone and must be paired with ‘Treue’ to preserve covenant-loyalty force, following Luther’s own historic solution.
Passover
Approved rendering: Passa
Transliteration: Pesach / Pascha
Doctrine: Passover and Substitutionary Atonement
Rejected alternatives: Fest / Feier (generic, forbidden — severs the 1 Korinther 5,7 typological link)
Original: פֶּסַח / πάσχα
Category: Passover and Substitutionary Atonement
CORE-PASSAGE TERM. Exodus 12:11, 27, 42, 48 and throughout. ‘Passa’ primary (Lutheran tradition), ‘Pascha’ noted as the acceptable Catholic-register equivalent (Einheitsübersetzung), parallel to the baseline’s Menschwerdung/Inkarnation register-choice discipline. Must retain its unique, untranslated-loanword status so the NT christological identification (1 Korinther 5,7, ‘Christus, unser Passalamm’) remains a recognizable verbal echo.
Without Blemish
Approved rendering: makellos / ohne Fehler
Transliteration: tamim
Doctrine: Passover and Substitutionary Atonement
Original: תָּמִים / ἄμωμος
Category: Passover and Substitutionary Atonement
Exodus 12:5. Physical wholeness required of the Passover lamb, symbolizing the adequacy of the substitute. Mandatory explicit cross-reference to 1. Petrus 1,19 (Christ as the unblemished Lamb) at every occurrence — risk of flattening into a merely veterinary quality-control detail.
Blood Dam
Approved rendering: Blut
Transliteration: dam
Doctrine: Passover and Substitutionary Atonement
Original: דָּם / αἷμα
Category: Passover and Substitutionary Atonement
Exodus 12:7, 13, 22-23. Reuses the baseline’s exact words_of_institution vocabulary. The typological line Passover blood on the doorposts -> Blut des Bundes at Sinai (Exodus 24:8, blood_of_the_covenant) -> Christ’s own blood must be taught as one continuous redemptive-historical line, not three unconnected occurrences of the same common word.
Pass Over Spare
Approved rendering: verschonen
Transliteration: pasach
Doctrine: Passover and Substitutionary Atonement
Rejected alternatives: vorübergehen (bare ‘pass by’ — sounds like arbitrary avoidance, not an atoning transaction)
Original: פָּסַח
Category: Passover and Substitutionary Atonement
CORE-PASSAGE TERM. Exodus 12:13, 23, 27. God’s active sparing of blood-marked households, the root behind the festival’s own name. German has no single verb carrying both the Hebrew’s ‘skip over’ and ‘protectively spare’ senses; ‘verschonen’ preserves the substitutionary-protection sense central to this doctrine. Teaching material must state explicitly that sparing occurs because of applied blood, not ethnicity (cf. 12:48-49’s provision for the covenant-joining sojourner).
Atonement Kipper
Approved rendering: Sühne / sühnen
Transliteration: kipper / kapparah
Doctrine: Passover and Substitutionary Atonement
Rejected alternatives: Versöhnung (reserved for NT reconciliation/katallagē vocabulary, never for the OT sacrificial-covering mechanics itself)
Original: כִּפֶּר / כַּפָּרָה / ἐξιλάσκομαι
Category: Passover and Substitutionary Atonement
Exodus 29:33, 36-37; 30:10, 15-16. Technical term of the OT sacrificial system. Deliberately distinguished from the vaguer ‘Versöhnung’ — a genuinely useful German-specific lexical distinction. Mandatory theologian review given the doctrinal weight of Aaron/the priests requiring their own prior atonement before mediating for others.
Mercy Seat Kapporet
Approved rendering: Gnadenthron
Transliteration: kapporet
Doctrine: Passover and Substitutionary Atonement
Rejected alternatives: Sühnedeckel (Catholic-register alternative, requires equal theological unpacking, not rejected but noted)
Original: כַּפֹּרֶת / ἱλαστήριον
Category: Passover and Substitutionary Atonement
Exodus 25:17-22; 29:33-37; 30:10. Golden covering of the Ark, the designated locus of atonement. ‘Gnadenthron’ (Luther’s tradition) foregrounds ‘Gnade’ (baseline’s Critical grace term). The LXX term behind kapporet (hilastērion) is the identical Greek word Paul uses in Römer 3,25 for Christ’s own atoning work — a direct, previously undocumented lexical-theological bridge between this package and the baseline Romans curriculum. Mandatory theologian sign-off to formally establish this connection in teaching material.
Blood Of The Covenant
Approved rendering: Blut des Bundes
Transliteration: dam ha-berit
Doctrine: The Mosaic Covenant and Law
Original: דַּם־הַבְּרִית / τὸ αἷμα τῆς διαθήκης
Category: The Mosaic Covenant and Law
Exodus 24:8. Must render identically to the baseline’s already-fixed words_of_institution phrase (Matthäus 26,28) — one of the most theologically load-bearing lexical matches between this package and the baseline; make the OT-to-NT connection explicit in teaching material, not an unremarked coincidence.
Hardened Heart
Approved rendering: das Herz verhärten
Transliteration: chazaq / kabed / qashah lev
Doctrine: Moses as Mediator and Deliverer
Original: חִזֵּק / כִּבֵּד / קָשָׁה לֵב
Category: Moses as Mediator and Deliverer
Exodus 4:21; 7:3, 13, 22; 8:15, 32; 9:12, 34; 14:8. Recurring plague-narrative language with God, Pharaoh, or an unspecified passive subject as grammatical agent. Direct OT source-text for Römer 9,17-18, already Critical/High in the baseline’s election/effectual_calling/providence cautions. Preserve the grammatical variation (divine subject / Pharaoh subject / passive) wherever German syntax allows; do not normalize to one voice. Mandatory theologian review on every occurrence.
Dwell Among Them
Approved rendering: damit ich in ihrer Mitte wohne
Transliteration: ve-shakhanti be-tokham
Doctrine: The Tabernacle and God’s Presence
Original: וְשָׁכַנְתִּי בְּתוֹכָם / κατασκηνώσω ἐν ὑμῖν
Category: The Tabernacle and God’s Presence
Exodus 25:8; 29:45-46. God’s stated purpose for the entire Tabernacle project: relational dwelling presence among his covenant people. Deliberately use ‘wohnen’ to echo the baseline’s Critical word_became_flesh (‘wohnte unter uns,’ John 1:14). Mandatory theologian review given this direct doctrinal load-bearing connection.
Glory Filling The Tabernacle
Approved rendering: die Herrlichkeit des HERRN erfüllte die Wohnung
Transliteration: kavod YHWH… et ha-mishkan
Doctrine: The Tabernacle and God’s Presence
Original: כְּבוֹד יְהוָה… אֶת־הַמִּשְׁכָּן / δόξα κυρίου ἔπλησεν τὴν σκηνήν
Category: The Tabernacle and God’s Presence
Exodus 40:34-38. Climactic fulfillment-verse of the entire book, reusing the baseline’s Critical Herrlichkeit term. Must be taught with full, explicit connection to Johannes 1,14’s ‘wir sahen seine Herrlichkeit’ — the shared German vocabulary makes this connection unusually visible if surfaced deliberately, and unusually easy to lose if treated as coincidental.
High Risk Terms
Grace
Approved rendering: Gnade
Transliteration: Gnade
Doctrine: Grace
Rejected alternatives: Barmherzigkeit, Wohlwollen
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Luther’s ‘sola gratia’ cornerstone; unmerited, apart from human or ecclesial cooperation. Exodus-specific: the term’s OT root text is Exodus 34:6-7 (‘ein barmherziger und gnädiger Gott… reich an Gnade und Treue’), the Bible’s most-quoted divine self-description, given immediately after the golden-calf apostasy — teaching material must make this direct OT-to-NT grace-vocabulary connection explicit. Also load-bearing at 33:19 and in the ‘Gnadenthron’ (mercy seat) rendering, see mercy_seat_kapporet.
Salvation
Approved rendering: Rettung
Transliteration: Rettung
Doctrine: Salvation
Rejected alternatives: Heil (Nazi-era contamination risk), Erlösung (more existential/liberation-flavored)
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Three-way Heil/Erlösung/Rettung tension documented in baseline. Exodus-specific convention: this package reserves ‘Rettung’ specifically for the concrete, accomplished Red Sea rescue-event (Exodus 14:13, ‘die Rettung des HERRN’; see salvation_of_the_lord), while reserving ‘Erlösung’ for the kinsman/ransom bondage-to-freedom vocabulary (ga’al/padah; see redeem_ga_al, redeem_padah). Do not use interchangeably across the two senses within this curriculum.
Saints
Approved rendering: Heilige
Transliteration: die Heiligen
Doctrine: Sainthood
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Catholic canonized-saints sense vs. Lutheran/Reformed priesthood-of-all-believers sense. Exodus-specific: must be carefully distinguished from Israel’s own corporate national vocation as a ‘kingdom of priests and a holy nation’ (Exodus 19:5-6; see kingdom_of_priests_holy_nation) — 1 Peter 2:9 typologically extends the Exodus 19 phrase to the NT church, but the Exodus text itself does not yet make that extension. Flag for theologian review to avoid premature supersessionist collapsing of the two referents.
Church
Approved rendering: Gemeinde
Transliteration: Gemeinde
Doctrine: Church as God’s People
Rejected alternatives: Kirche (institution-default)
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Exodus-specific: must not be used to silently render Israel’s OT corporate national vocation (kingdom_of_priests_holy_nation, congregation_edah) without an explicit note that 1 Peter 2:9 later typologically extends this Exodus 19:5-6 language to the church; the Exodus text itself names Israel’s own vocation, not yet the church’s.
Law
Approved rendering: Gesetz
Transliteration: Gesetz
Doctrine: Fulfillment of Prophecy
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged (this entry also covers the Exodus registry key ‘law_torah’). ‘Gesetz und Evangelium’ Lutheran dialectic retained. Exodus-specific: supplies the Sinai narrative and ceremonial background (theophany, Exodus 19-24; blood-ratification, 24:8; written document, 24:7) the baseline’s Romans/Galatians Law-and-Grace treatment assumes but never itself narrates. Distinguish the covenant-core ‘Zehn Gebote’ (ch. 20, direct divine speech; see ten_commandments) from the broader case-law corpus (chs. 21-23) so the Romans law/grace antithesis is not read backward into every civil-code clause, which Exodus itself does not frame as opposed to grace.
Gentiles
Approved rendering: Heiden
Transliteration: Heiden
Doctrine: Unity of Jews and Gentiles
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Exodus-specific: the sojourner (ger) provisions (Exodus 12:19, 43-49; 22:21; 23:9) requiring covenant-joining (circumcision) rather than bare ethnicity for full covenant participation are an early textual seed for the baseline’s Critical unity_of_jews_and_gentiles doctrine; see sojourner_ger. Do not render ‘ger’ as ‘Heiden’ — these are distinct categories (covenant-joining resident foreigners vs. the baseline’s NT Jew/Gentile pairing); cross-reference rather than conflate.
Election
Approved rendering: Erwählung
Transliteration: Erwählung
Doctrine: Effectual Calling
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Exodus-specific: Israel’s designation as God’s ‘treasured possession’ (am segullah, Exodus 19:5; see treasured_possession) supplies this doctrine’s OT narrative anchor-point, preceding and grounding, rather than following from, Israel’s obedience.
Firstborn From The Dead
Approved rendering: der Erstgeborene von den Toten
Transliteration: der Erstgeborene von den Toten
Doctrine: Christ as Head of the Church
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Exodus-specific: same firstborn_bekhor cross-reference applies as for firstborn_of_creation above; distinguish resurrection-priority sense (Colossians 1:18) from Exodus 12’s judgment sense and Exodus 13’s rank/consecration sense.
Bondage Slavery
Approved rendering: Knechtschaft / Sklaverei
Transliteration: avodah / avdut
Doctrine: Deliverance from Bondage to Sin
Rejected alternatives: Befreiung (in doctrinal-summary/header position — permitted only in narrative-descriptive sentences given its Befreiungstheologie and post-1945 political freight)
Original: עֲבֹדָה / עַבְדֻת
Category: Deliverance from Bondage to Sin
Exodus 1:11-14; 2:23; 5:1-19. Israel’s forced labor under Pharaoh. Same Hebrew root (avad) also means ‘service/worship of God’ (see serve_worship) — German must deliberately differentiate Knechtschaft/Sklaverei from dienen so the book’s central irony (freedom from Pharaoh’s slavery is freedom for God’s service) is not erased. This wordplay is structurally invisible in German and requires mandatory explicit teaching-note annotation, not merely a lexical choice.
Serve Worship
Approved rendering: dienen
Transliteration: avad
Doctrine: Deliverance from Bondage to Sin
Original: עָבַד / λατρεύω
Category: Deliverance from Bondage to Sin
Exodus 7:16; 8:1; 9:1, 13; 10:3. Same Hebrew root as bondage_slavery. Must be deliberately distinguished from Knechtschaft/Sklaverei in translation so German readers perceive the wordplay the Hebrew text builds its whole theology on — a change of master, not an escape from service as such.
Redeem Ga Al
Approved rendering: erlösen / Erlösung
Transliteration: ga’al
Doctrine: The Exodus as Redemption
Rejected alternatives: Rettung (reserved for the accomplished-rescue sense, see salvation_of_the_lord)
Original: גָּאַל
Category: The Exodus as Redemption
Exodus 6:6; 15:13. Kinsman-redemption sense: reclaiming, buying back, or avenging a family member by right of relationship. Curriculum-level convention: ‘Erlösung’ reserved for this bondage-to-freedom sense (per the baseline’s own note that Erlösung is the more existential/liberation-flavored option), distinct from redeem_padah (ransom-payment sense).
Redeem Padah
Approved rendering: erlösen / auslösen
Transliteration: padah
Doctrine: The Exodus as Redemption
Original: פָּדָה
Category: The Exodus as Redemption
Exodus 13:13; 34:20. Ransom/substitute-payment sense, distinct from redeem_ga_al. Direct lexical-conceptual ancestor of the baseline’s Critical son_of_man_ransom (‘Lösegeld,’ Matthew 20:28). Flag for theologian review given that connection.
Salvation Of The Lord
Approved rendering: Rettung
Transliteration: teshuat YHWH
Doctrine: The Exodus as Redemption
Rejected alternatives: Erlösung (reserved for redeem_ga_al/redeem_padah above)
Original: תְּשׂוּעַת יְהוָה / σωτηρία
Category: The Exodus as Redemption
Exodus 14:13, ‘steht fest und seht die Rettung des HERRN.’ The accomplished deliverance God works at the Red Sea, received rather than achieved by Israel’s own effort — the clearest OT narrative illustration of the baseline’s Critical salvation doctrine. Use ‘Rettung’ per this package’s internal Erlösung/Rettung convention; the baseline’s full ‘Heil’ caution applies.
Lamb Seh
Approved rendering: Lamm
Transliteration: seh
Doctrine: Passover and Substitutionary Atonement
Original: שֶׂה / πρόβατον
Category: Passover and Substitutionary Atonement
Exodus 12:3, 5. The Passover victim, permissibly sheep or goat in the Hebrew. Required to preserve the typological bridge to the baseline’s Critical lamb_of_god (John 1:29); narrows the Hebrew’s broader range — footnote required at v. 5 clarifying this.
Firstborn Bekhor
Approved rendering: Erstgeborener
Transliteration: bekhor
Doctrine: Passover and Substitutionary Atonement
Original: בְּכוֹר / πρωτότοκος
Category: Passover and Substitutionary Atonement
CORE-PASSAGE TERM. Exodus 12:12, 29; 13:2. The firstborn male judged in the tenth plague, subsequently claimed by God for consecration. Required to match the baseline’s fixed Colossians usage (firstborn_of_creation, firstborn_from_the_dead) exactly; teaching material must make this typological connection explicit — otherwise German readers perceive two unrelated ‘Erstgeborener’ usages (Egypt’s judged firstborn vs. Christ’s exalted firstborn).
Kingdom Of Priests Holy Nation
Approved rendering: ein Königreich von Priestern und ein heiliges Volk
Transliteration: mamlekhet kohanim ve-goy qadosh
Doctrine: The Mosaic Covenant and Law
Original: מַמְלֶכֶת כֹּהֲנִים וְגוֹי קָדוֹשׁ / βασίλειον ἱεράτευμα καὶ ἔθνος ἅγιον
Category: The Mosaic Covenant and Law
Exodus 19:6. Israel’s corporate identity and mission at the threshold of covenant-making, before the Law is given. The LXX phrase (basileion hierateuma) is directly quoted by 1. Petrus 2,9 for the NT church; must be distinguished in teaching material from the baseline’s High-risk saints/church_as_gods_people doctrines so Israel’s own corporate national vocation is not prematurely and silently collapsed into NT ecclesiology (supersessionism caution).
Intercession Moses
Approved rendering: Fürbitte
Transliteration: mecheni na… mi-sifrekha
Doctrine: Moses as Mediator and Deliverer
Rejected alternatives: Stellvertretung (alone, without qualification — risks overselling Moses into a rival-Christ figure)
Original: מְחֵנִי נָא מִסִּפְרְךָ / ἐξάλειψόν με ἐκ τῆς βίβλου σου
Category: Moses as Mediator and Deliverer
Exodus 32:32, ‘Lösch mich aus deinem Buch.’ Moses’ offer to be blotted out in Israel’s place. Real but insufficient/typological mediation — God does not accept the offer. Require an explicit qualifying clause: ‘Mose bietet sich stellvertretend an, doch Gott nimmt dieses Angebot nicht an.’ Never rendered in language suggesting Moses himself atones for Israel.
Tabernacle Mishkan
Approved rendering: Stiftshütte
Transliteration: mishkan
Doctrine: The Tabernacle and God’s Presence
Rejected alternatives: Zelt der Begegnung (acceptable alternate-register footnote only), Wohnung (acceptable alternate-register footnote only)
Original: מִשְׁכָּן / σκηνή
Category: The Tabernacle and God’s Presence
Exodus 25-31; 35-40. Portable sanctuary structure, from the same root as ‘ve-shakhanti’ (‘to dwell’). Fixed as this package’s primary term throughout, matching Lutherbibel convention; permit alternate registers only as explicitly footnoted notes, never as free mid-document variation.
Fear Of The Lord
Approved rendering: Furcht des HERRN / Gottesfurcht
Transliteration: yirat YHWH
Doctrine: Holiness and the Fear of the Lord
Rejected alternatives: Angst (forbidden as a rendering of yirat YHWH — names the misreading to be corrected, not a valid alternative)
Original: יִרְאַת יהוה / φόβος κυρίου
Category: Holiness and the Fear of the Lord
Exodus 1:17, 21; 20:20. Reverent awe that shapes moral conduct and restrains sin. Risks a purely negative ‘afraid of God’ reading for a religiously low-literacy German audience (especially former East Germany). Every first substantial occurrence must carry an explicit gloss: ‘nicht Angst, die flieht, sondern Ehrfurcht, die Gott nahekommt und die Sünde meidet,’ mirroring Moses’ own corrective framing at 20:20.
Slaughter Shachat
Approved rendering: schlachten
Transliteration: shachat
Doctrine: Passover and Substitutionary Atonement
CORE-PASSAGE TERM. Exodus 12:6. Cultic slaughter for sacrifice. ‘Schlachten’ is accurate but carries a strong everyday butchery/slaughterhouse connotation in contemporary German that can trivialize the sacrificial-substitutionary weight; teaching material must frame this explicitly within the Passover/atonement doctrine, never leaving it as a bare culinary-preparation detail.
Medium Risk Terms
Called
Approved rendering: berufen
Transliteration: berufen
Doctrine: Divine Calling
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Context-sensitive across apostleship/sainthood/effectual-calling senses. Exodus-specific: applies to Moses’ commissioning at the burning bush (Exodus 3:1-4:17), a specific historical prophetic-mediatorial commission, not a generic vocational calling — disambiguate from the everyday German career/legal-appeal senses documented for ‘Berufung’ below.
Calling
Approved rendering: Berufung
Transliteration: Berufung
Doctrine: Divine Calling
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Homonym-collision risk with career vocation and legal appeal. Exodus-specific: The Divine Calling of Moses (doctrine_risk_registry.json: High doctrine-level risk) reuses this vocabulary; contextual disambiguation is mandatory at every occurrence in the Moses call-narrative.
Holy
Approved rendering: heilig
Transliteration: heilig
Doctrine: Sanctification
Rejected alternatives: rein
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged (this entry also covers the Exodus registry key ‘holy_qadosh’). Exodus supplies the book’s foundational OT development of this term across persons (priests, 28:36; 29:33-37), places (holy ground, 3:5; the Tabernacle, 25:8), and objects (vessels, garments, 30:25-30) — a comprehensiveness worth surfacing in teaching material beyond the baseline’s narrower Romans-curriculum treatment. See also holy_ground, holy_to_the_lord.
Incarnation
Approved rendering: Menschwerdung
Transliteration: Menschwerdung
Doctrine: Incarnation
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Exodus-specific: the entire Tabernacle project’s stated purpose (‘damit ich in ihrer Mitte wohne,’ Exodus 25:8; see dwell_among_them) is this doctrine’s direct OT narrative anticipation, deliberately echoed by the baseline’s ‘wohnte unter uns’ (John 1:14, word_became_flesh).
Fellowship
Approved rendering: Gemeinschaft
Transliteration: Gemeinschaft
Doctrine: Christian Fellowship
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Volksgemeinschaft-register caution retained. Exodus-specific: the corporate assembly of Israel (edah, Exodus 12:3, ‘die ganze Gemeinde Israels’) is a related but distinct OT-corporate-Israel concept; see congregation_edah for the dedicated new term avoiding conflation with this NT-ekklesia-oriented entry.
Sin
Approved rendering: Sünde
Transliteration: Sünde
Doctrine: Universal Human Accountability
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Exodus-specific: the golden calf episode (Exodus 32) is the paradigmatic OT case of covenant-breaking idolatry-as-sin, occurring while Moses is still receiving the Law; see golden_calf.
Glory
Approved rendering: Herrlichkeit
Transliteration: Herrlichkeit
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Exodus-specific: this is the single most theologically climactic reuse in the entire package — ‘die Herrlichkeit des HERRN erfüllte die Wohnung’ (Exodus 40:34-38; see glory_filling_the_tabernacle) is the direct OT narrative root of the baseline’s Critical word_became_flesh doctrine (John 1:14, ‘wir sahen seine Herrlichkeit’). Also occurs at 16:7, 10; 24:16-17; 33:18-22.
Power Of God
Approved rendering: Kraft Gottes
Transliteration: Kraft Gottes
Doctrine: Power of God for Salvation
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Exodus-specific: underlies the plague narrative’s demonstration of sovereign capability against Egypt’s gods and Pharaoh’s claimed divinity (see that_you_may_know_formula, none_like_me).
Messiah
Approved rendering: Messias
Transliteration: Messias
Doctrine: Messianic Promise
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Exodus-specific: the Hebrew verbal root behind ‘Messias’ (mashach, ‘to anoint’) is the direct etymological ancestor of the anointing-oil vocabulary of Exodus 30:22-33 (see anointing_oil); surface this etymological bridge explicitly, since German readers will not perceive it unaided.
Covenant
Approved rendering: Bund
Transliteration: Bund
Doctrine: Davidic Covenant
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged (this entry also covers the Exodus registry key ‘covenant_berit’). Exodus-specific: this book supplies the Sinai covenant’s full narrative and ceremonial context (Exodus 19-24; renewed 34:10-28) that the baseline’s Romans/Galatians usage assumes as background. The covenant formula ‘ich werde euer Gott sein, und ihr werdet mein Volk sein’ (Exodus 6:7; 19:5-6; 29:45-46) is the relational heart of this doctrine in Exodus.
Intercession
Approved rendering: Fürbitte
Transliteration: Fürbitte
Doctrine: Prayer and Intercession
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Exodus-specific: Moses’ intercession at Exodus 32:9-14, 30-34 (see intercession_moses) is the clearest single OT enactment of mediatorial intercession in the book, but must be qualified there as real yet insufficient/typological — God does not accept Moses’ substitutionary offer (32:32) — so this term is never taught as itself achieving atonement.
Providence
Approved rendering: Vorsehung
Transliteration: Vorsehung
Doctrine: Providence
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Exodus-specific: directly underlies the mandatory-theologian-review hardened-heart doctrine (hardened_heart), the direct OT source-text for Romans 9:17-18, already Critical/High in the baseline’s providence/election/effectual_calling cautions against imposing a single systematic resolution.
Israel
Approved rendering: Israel
Transliteration: Israel
Doctrine: Unity of Jews and Gentiles
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Exodus-specific: Germany’s post-Holocaust Staatsräson conflation risk is especially acute for Exodus material given the book’s chosenness/treasured-possession/holy-nation vocabulary (Exodus 19:5-6); see kingdom_of_priests_holy_nation and treasured_possession for mandatory historical-sensitivity framing.
God
Approved rendering: Gott
Transliteration: Gott
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Exodus-specific: used for the generic ‘Elohim’ sense (distinct from the personal covenant name YHWH/HERR, see yhwh_the_lord), e.g. ‘Gott der Väter,’ ‘die Hebammen fürchteten Gott’ (midwives_feared_god).
Father
Approved rendering: Vater
Transliteration: Vater
Doctrine: Adoption into God’s Family
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Exodus-specific: used of ‘der Gott eurer Väter’ (Exodus 3:6, 15-16), tying the newly-revealed divine name back to the patriarchal covenant with Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob.
Holy Spirit
Approved rendering: Heiliger Geist
Transliteration: Heiliger Geist
Doctrine: Sanctification
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Exodus-specific: Bezalel and Oholiab are explicitly said to be ‘filled with the Spirit of God’ for skilled Tabernacle craftsmanship (Exodus 31:3; 35:30-35), a secondary but genuine OT instance of Spirit-empowerment for service, conceptually related to the baseline’s spiritual_gifts doctrine though requiring no new terminology.
Circumcision
Approved rendering: Beschneidung
Transliteration: Beschneidung
Doctrine: Circumcision and New Creation
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Exodus-specific: the qualifying condition for a sojourner (ger) to keep Passover (Exodus 12:44, 48); keep strictly to this first-century-adjacent OT covenant-membership argument and avoid any resonance with Germany’s 2012 religious-circumcision legal controversy, per the baseline’s existing caution.
That You May Know Formula
Approved rendering: damit du erkennst, dass ich der HERR bin
Transliteration: lema’an teda ki ani YHWH
Doctrine: Character and Name of God
Original: לְמַעַן תֵּדַע כִּי אֲנִי יהוה
Category: Character and Name of God
Recurring plague-narrative refrain (Exodus 7:17; 8:10, 22; 9:14, 29; 10:2; 11:7). Render consistently every occurrence per the Theological Consistency Rule; the plagues are theological revelation, not merely punitive spectacle.
Affliction
Approved rendering: Unterdrückung / Bedrückung
Transliteration: oni
Doctrine: The Exodus as Redemption
Original: עֳנִי / κάκωσις
Category: The Exodus as Redemption
Exodus 1:11-12; 3:7. God explicitly ‘sees’ and is moved by suffering before redeeming — establishes that the God who redeems is first the God who sees.
The Destroyer
Approved rendering: der Verderber
Transliteration: ha-mashchit
Doctrine: Passover and Substitutionary Atonement
Rejected alternatives: der Todesengel (premature identification — text itself does not use angel-language in ch. 12)
Original: מַשְׁחִית / ὀλοθρεύων
Category: Passover and Substitutionary Atonement
Exodus 12:13, 23. The destroying agency whose action is halted only by the applied blood. Flag for native speaker review to preserve honest textual ambiguity about this figure’s identity, distinct from the explicitly angelic figure of 23:20.
Unleavened Bread
Approved rendering: ungesäuertes Brot
Transliteration: matzah
Doctrine: Passover and Substitutionary Atonement
Original: מַצָּה / ἄζυμα
Category: Passover and Substitutionary Atonement
Exodus 12:8, 15-20. Connects to the future NT-curriculum ethical-purity metaphor of 1. Korinther 5,6-8; surface this forward-looking cross-reference in teaching material.
Sign Ot
Approved rendering: Zeichen
Transliteration: ot
Doctrine: Passover and Substitutionary Atonement
Original: אוֹת / σημεῖον
Category: Passover and Substitutionary Atonement
Exodus 12:13; 4:1-9; 31:13. Render consistently across the Passover-blood, plague-sign, and Sabbath-sign usage-families so students perceive one coherent semantic field across the book.
Consecrate To Me
Approved rendering: mir heiligen / weihen
Transliteration: qadesh li
Doctrine: Passover and Substitutionary Atonement
Original: קַדֶּשׁ־לִי / ἁγίασόν μοι
Category: Passover and Substitutionary Atonement
Exodus 13:2. God’s claim on Israel’s firstborn, grounded in his prior sparing of them at Passover. Teaching material must make the redemption-therefore-consecration logical sequence explicit: because spared, therefore set apart.
Memorial Zikkaron
Approved rendering: Gedächtnis / Erinnerung
Transliteration: zikkaron
Doctrine: Passover and Substitutionary Atonement
Original: זִכָּרוֹן / μνημόσυνον
Category: Passover and Substitutionary Atonement
CORE-PASSAGE TERM. Exodus 12:14. A permanent, instituted act of communal remembering. Direct liturgical ancestor of the baseline’s words_of_institution (‘zum Gedächtnis an mich,’ Lukas 22,19) — draw this line explicitly in teaching material.
Statute Forever
Approved rendering: ewige Satzung
Transliteration: chukkat olam
Doctrine: Passover and Substitutionary Atonement
Original: חֻקַּת עוֹלָם / νόμιμον αἰώνιον
Category: Passover and Substitutionary Atonement
CORE-PASSAGE TERM. Exodus 12:14. Fixed Torah formula for a permanently binding cultic ordinance. ‘Ewig’ here means ‘enduring through the generations,’ not philosophically absolute eternity — German ‘ewig’ carries a strong independent philosophical connotation risking overstatement; gloss on first occurrence as ‘eine für alle kommenden Generationen gültige Ordnung.‘
Ten Commandments
Approved rendering: die Zehn Gebote
Transliteration: aseret ha-devarim
Doctrine: The Mosaic Covenant and Law
Original: עֲשֶׂרֶת הַדְּבָרִים / δέκα λόγοι
Category: The Mosaic Covenant and Law
Exodus 20:1-17; 34:28. The overwhelmingly standard German rendering across all confessional traditions. Minor Luther-vs.-Reformed/Catholic verse-division numbering variance is a translator note, not a doctrinal risk, but should be documented for internal consistency.
Eye For Eye
Approved rendering: Auge für Auge
Transliteration: ayin tachat ayin
Doctrine: The Mosaic Covenant and Law
Original: עַיִן תַּחַת עַיִן / ὀφθαλμὸν ἀντὶ ὀφθαλμοῦ
Category: The Mosaic Covenant and Law
Exodus 21:24. Fixed, well-known German idiom sometimes popularly misread as endorsing vengeance-escalation rather than the proportional-justice limitation it establishes. Cross-reference the baseline’s antitheses_formula (Matthäus 5,38-39) to correct this misreading.
Treasured Possession
Approved rendering: Eigentumsvolk
Transliteration: am segullah
Doctrine: The Mosaic Covenant and Law
Original: עַם סְגֻלָּה / λαὸς περιούσιος
Category: The Mosaic Covenant and Law
Exodus 19:5. Israel’s designation as God’s specially prized, personally chosen people. Cross-reference the baseline’s election/Erwählung doctrine, which this supplies with its OT narrative anchor-point.
Cut Off
Approved rendering: ausgerottet / ausgeschlossen werden
Transliteration: nikhrat
Doctrine: The Mosaic Covenant and Law
Original: נִכְרַת / ἐξολεθρευθήσεται
Category: The Mosaic Covenant and Law
Exodus 12:15, 19. Fixed covenant-curse/exclusion formula. Clarify in teaching material whether social exclusion or capital punishment (or both, per later rabbinic interpretation) is in view, to avoid overstating or understating the penalty.
Sojourner Ger
Approved rendering: Fremdling / Beisasse
Transliteration: ger
Doctrine: The Mosaic Covenant and Law
Original: גֵּר / πάροικος
Category: The Mosaic Covenant and Law
Exodus 12:19, 43-49; 22:21; 23:9. Resident foreigner permitted to join Israel’s covenant community and keep Passover on equal terms, provided he is circumcised. ‘One law’ (torah echat, 12:49) for native and covenant-joining foreigner alike is an early textual seed for the baseline’s Critical unity_of_jews_and_gentiles doctrine; cross-reference explicitly.
Face To Face Presence
Approved rendering: Angesicht / von Angesicht zu Angesicht
Transliteration: panim el panim
Doctrine: Moses as Mediator and Deliverer
Original: פָּנִים אֶל־פָּנִים / πρόσωπον πρὸς πρόσωπον
Category: Moses as Mediator and Deliverer
Exodus 33:11, 14, 20. Idiom for God’s direct, unmediated personal presence and favor, applied to Moses’ unique relationship with God. Use the more formal/dignified ‘Angesicht’ consistently rather than plain ‘Gesicht.‘
Ark Of The Covenant
Approved rendering: Bundeslade
Transliteration: aron ha-berit
Doctrine: The Tabernacle and God’s Presence
Original: אֲרוֹן הַבְּרִית / ἡ κιβωτὸς τῆς διαθήκης
Category: The Tabernacle and God’s Presence
Exodus 25:10-22; 37:1-9. Long-fixed, universally recognized German term across confessions.
Veil Curtain
Approved rendering: Vorhang
Transliteration: parokhet
Doctrine: The Tabernacle and God’s Presence
Original: פָּרֹכֶת / καταπέτασμα
Category: The Tabernacle and God’s Presence
Exodus 26:31-33. Dividing curtain separating the Holy Place from the Most Holy Place. Identical Greek term (katapetasma) used in Hebrews 9:3, 10:20 and of the temple curtain torn at Christ’s death (Matthäus 27,51) — forward-looking connection only, not to be over-developed within this Exodus-specific package.
Holy To The Lord
Approved rendering: heilig dem HERRN
Transliteration: qodesh la-YHWH
Doctrine: The Tabernacle and God’s Presence
Original: קֹדֶשׁ לַיהוה / ἁγίασμα κυρίῳ
Category: The Tabernacle and God’s Presence
Exodus 28:36; 39:30. Inscription on the High Priest’s turban-plate. Reuses ‘heilig’ and the HERR/YHWH typographic convention exactly.
Anointing Oil
Approved rendering: Salböl
Transliteration: shemen ha-mishchah
Doctrine: The Tabernacle and God’s Presence
Original: שֶׁמֶן הַמִּשְׁחָה / ἔλαιον χρίσματος
Category: The Tabernacle and God’s Presence
Exodus 30:22-33. The Hebrew verbal root (‘mashach’) is the direct etymological ancestor of ‘mashiach’/‘Messias’ — surface this connection explicitly (see messiah).
Holy Ground
Approved rendering: heiliger Boden
Transliteration: admat qodesh
Doctrine: Holiness and the Fear of the Lord
Original: אַדְמַת־קֹדֶשׁ / γῆ ἁγία
Category: Holiness and the Fear of the Lord
Exodus 3:5. First explicit designation of a physical location as holy in Exodus. Connect forward to the Tabernacle’s holy space (25:8) and the ‘holy nation’ of 19:6.
Midwives Feared God
Approved rendering: die Hebammen fürchteten Gott
Transliteration: tira’nah et ha-Elohim
Doctrine: Holiness and the Fear of the Lord
Original: וַתִּירֶאנָה… אֶת־הָאֱלֹהִים / ἐφοβήθησαν… τὸν θεόν
Category: Holiness and the Fear of the Lord
Exodus 1:17, 21. The Hebrew midwives’ reverence for God producing righteous civil disobedience against Pharaoh’s infanticide decree. First occurrence of the fear-of-God theme in the book; models reverence-driven moral courage.
Sabbath Shabbat
Approved rendering: Sabbat
Transliteration: Shabbat
Doctrine: Holiness and the Fear of the Lord
Rejected alternatives: Wochenende (forbidden — purely secular calendrical term stripped of all theological content)
Original: שַׁבָּת / σάββατον
Category: Holiness and the Fear of the Lord
Exodus 16:23-30; 20:8-11; 31:12-17; 35:2-3. Weekly rhythm of rest, commanded not earned. Must not be flattened to secular ‘Wochenende’; retain as a technical term requiring brief explanation for a biblically low-literacy audience.
Congregation Edah
Approved rendering: die ganze Gemeinde Israels
Transliteration: edah
Doctrine: Passover and Substitutionary Atonement
Rejected alternatives: Gemeinde (bare, without qualifying ‘Israels’ — risks collapsing OT edah into the baseline’s NT ekklesia-oriented church entry)
CORE-PASSAGE TERM. Exodus 12:3. The formally constituted assembly of Israel as covenant community. Must be qualified (‘Gemeinde Israels’ or ‘Gemeinschaft [Israels]’) and distinguished in teaching material from the baseline’s church doctrine, which defines ‘Gemeinde’ specifically for the NT ekklesia sense; permit typological connection to be taught explicitly rather than assumed.
Twilight Bein Haarbayim
Approved rendering: in der Dämmerung / zur Abendzeit
Transliteration: bein ha’arbayim
Doctrine: Passover and Substitutionary Atonement
CORE-PASSAGE TERM. Exodus 12:6, ‘between the evenings’ — a precise liturgically fixed time window, not a loose reference to evening generally. Teaching material should surface this precision explicitly rather than smoothing into generic ‘Abend.‘
Judgments Shephatim
Approved rendering: Gerichte / Gerichtsurteile
Transliteration: shephatim
Doctrine: The Character and Name of God
Rejected alternatives: Strafen (vaguer, loses the forensic/judicial register)
CORE-PASSAGE TERM. Exodus 12:12. Judicial acts against Egypt’s gods, framed juridically rather than as chaotic violence — connects to the baseline’s existing forensic emphasis for justification/righteousness.
Pass Through Avar
Approved rendering: hindurchgehen / hindurchziehen
Transliteration: avar
Doctrine: Passover and Substitutionary Atonement
CORE-PASSAGE TERM. Exodus 12:12. God’s own general movement through the land in judgment, distinct from the more specific pass_over_spare (pasach) applied to blood-marked households in v. 13. Teach as two related-but-distinct verbs, not one repeated action.
Atonement Money
Approved rendering: Sühnegeld / Lösegeld
Transliteration: kesef kippurim
Doctrine: Passover and Substitutionary Atonement
Exodus 30:12-16. Census-related ransom payment reinforcing that even being counted among God’s people carries an atonement-cost. Connects lexically to the baseline’s son_of_man_ransom ‘Lösegeld’ vocabulary — surface in teaching material.
Low Risk Terms
Prophet
Approved rendering: Prophet
Transliteration: Prophet
Doctrine: Inspiration of Scripture
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Exodus-specific: Moses functions as the archetypal OT prophet-mediator; relevant background for Urim and Thummim (urim_and_thummim) as an institutionalized means of divine consultation distinct from, though related to, the prophetic office.
None Like Me
Approved rendering: keiner ist wie ich in der ganzen Erde
Transliteration: ein kamoni be-khol ha-arets
Doctrine: Character and Name of God
Original: אֵין כָּמֹנִי בְּכָל־הָאָרֶץ
Category: Character and Name of God
Exodus 9:14. Incomparability/monotheism polemic against Egypt’s pantheon and Pharaoh’s claimed divine status.
Moses And Aaron
Approved rendering: Mose / Aaron
Transliteration: Mosheh / Aharon
Doctrine: Moses as Mediator and Deliverer
Original: מֹשֶׁה / אַהֲרֹן
Category: Character and Name of God
Established German Bible forms. Moses and Aaron jointly receive the Passover instruction (Exodus 12:1), establishing Moses as mediator and Aaron as the proto-priestly figure.
Groaning
Approved rendering: Seufzen
Transliteration: ne’akah
Doctrine: The Exodus as Redemption
Original: נְאָקָה / στεναγμός
Category: The Exodus as Redemption
Exodus 2:24; 6:5. Shares its lexical family with Romans 8:26’s Spirit’s groaning intercession, already load-bearing in the baseline’s providence/intercession doctrines — surface this connection in teaching material.
Bitter Herbs
Approved rendering: bittere Kräuter
Transliteration: merorim
Doctrine: Passover and Substitutionary Atonement
Original: מְרֹרִים / πικρίς
Category: Passover and Substitutionary Atonement
Exodus 12:8. Eaten with the Passover meal, traditionally commemorating the bitterness of slavery.
Book Of The Covenant
Approved rendering: das Bundesbuch
Transliteration: sefer ha-berit
Doctrine: The Mosaic Covenant and Law
Original: סֵפֶר הַבְּרִית / τὸ βιβλίον τῆς διαθήκης
Category: The Mosaic Covenant and Law
Exodus 24:7. First explicit reference to a written, codified covenant document.
Finger Of God
Approved rendering: der Finger Gottes
Transliteration: etsba Elohim
Doctrine: Moses as Mediator and Deliverer
Original: אֶצְבַּע אֱלֹהִים / δάκτυλος θεοῦ
Category: Moses as Mediator and Deliverer
Exodus 8:19; 31:18. Anthropomorphic idiom for direct, minimal-effort divine action, recognizable in German too.
Sign And Wonder
Approved rendering: Zeichen und Wunder
Transliteration: ot u-mofet
Doctrine: Moses as Mediator and Deliverer
Original: אוֹת וּמוֹפֵת / σημεῖον καὶ τέρας
Category: Moses as Mediator and Deliverer
Exodus 4:1-9; chs. 7-11. Fixed pairing authenticating Moses’ divine commission; render consistently throughout.
Urim And Thummim
Approved rendering: Urim und Tummim
Transliteration: Urim ve-Tummim
Doctrine: The Tabernacle and God’s Presence
Original: אוּרִים וְתֻמִּים
Category: The Tabernacle and God’s Presence
Exodus 28:30. Retained as a transliterated loanword, as virtually all German Bible traditions do, with a brief explanatory gloss for a low-Hebrew-literacy audience.
Golden Calf
Approved rendering: das goldene Kalb
Transliteration: egel ha-zahav
Doctrine: Holiness and the Fear of the Lord
Original: עֵגֶל הַזָּהָב / ὁ μόσχος ὁ χρυσοῦς
Category: Holiness and the Fear of the Lord
Exodus 32:1-6. Paradigmatic OT case of covenant-breaking idolatry. Fixed German idiom with secular-cultural currency (roughly ‘worship of wealth/materialism’); re-anchor to its specific covenant-idolatry context in teaching material.
Manna
Approved rendering: Manna
Transliteration: man
Doctrine: The Exodus as Redemption
Original: מָן / μάννα
Category: The Exodus as Redemption
Exodus 16:4-36. Stable German loanword. Surface the typological connection to Johannes 6,31-58’s ‘bread from heaven,’ engaging the baseline’s Critical seven_i_am_statements (‘Ich bin das Brot des Lebens’).
Pillar Of Cloud And Fire
Approved rendering: Wolkensäule / Feuersäule
Transliteration: ammud anan / ammud esh
Doctrine: The Tabernacle and God’s Presence
Original: עַמּוּד עָנָן / עַמּוּד אֵשׁ / στῦλος νεφέλης / στῦλος πυρός
Category: The Tabernacle and God’s Presence
Exodus 13:21-22; 14:19-20. Visible, guiding sign of God’s presence traveling with Israel; a direct forerunner of the Tabernacle’s glory-cloud (40:34-35).
Doorposts Mezuzot
Approved rendering: Türpfosten / Türsturz
Transliteration: mezuzot / mashkof
Doctrine: Passover and Substitutionary Atonement
CORE-PASSAGE TERM. Exodus 12:7. Architectural terms. Note for teaching material only: the later Jewish liturgical Mesusa practice (Deuteronomy 6:9) is a distinct, later development not to be read back into this text.
Household Bayit
Approved rendering: Haushalt / Familie
Transliteration: beit avot / bayit
Doctrine: Passover and Substitutionary Atonement
CORE-PASSAGE TERM. Exodus 12:3. Redemption is mediated through the family unit, anticipating household-centered faith language later echoed in Acts.
Raw Na
Approved rendering: roh
Transliteration: na
Doctrine: Passover and Substitutionary Atonement
CORE-PASSAGE TERM. Exodus 12:9. Prohibition against raw preparation underscores this is a regulated, holy meal with fixed divine specifications.
Remain Leftover Notar
Approved rendering: übrig bleiben / Überbleibsel
Transliteration: yatar / notar
Doctrine: Passover and Substitutionary Atonement
CORE-PASSAGE TERM. Exodus 12:10. Applies elsewhere to manna (16:19-20) and sacrificial meat (29:34); ensure consistency across these usages for teaching cross-reference.
Haste Chippazon
Approved rendering: in Eile / Hast
Transliteration: chippazon
Doctrine: Passover and Substitutionary Atonement
CORE-PASSAGE TERM. Exodus 12:11. Rare term (occurs only three times in the Hebrew Bible); embodies faith that acts on God’s word before deliverance is visible.
Roasted Tsali
Approved rendering: gebraten / am Feuer geröstet
Transliteration: tsali
Doctrine: Passover and Substitutionary Atonement
CORE-PASSAGE TERM. Exodus 12:8-9. Prescribed cooking method (fire, not water); may connect symbolically to the judgment/purification-by-fire theme running through the Exodus narrative.
Neighbor Shared Portion
Approved rendering: Nachbar / Anzahl der Personen
Transliteration: shakhen / mikhsat
Doctrine: Passover and Substitutionary Atonement
CORE-PASSAGE TERM. Exodus 12:4. Provision for small households to share one lamb — economic smallness never excludes anyone from redemption.
Male Year Old
Approved rendering: männlich, einjährig
Transliteration: zachar ben-shanah
Doctrine: Passover and Substitutionary Atonement
CORE-PASSAGE TERM. Exodus 12:5. Precise specification underscoring this is a deliberately regulated, not improvised, sacrifice.
Strike Nakah
Approved rendering: schlagen / töten
Transliteration: nakah
Doctrine: The Character and Name of God
CORE-PASSAGE TERM. Exodus 12:12. Direct divine judgment on Egypt’s firstborn, paralleling and answering Pharaoh’s earlier decree against Israel’s infant sons (1:16, 22). Keep judicial, not merely violent, framing explicit.
Referenced passages