Core Glossary
08 Core Glossary — 1 Timothy (English → German)
This glossary compiles every load-bearing theological term identified in 07_semantic_analysis.md, citing the chapter(s) in which each occurs, its German rendering, its doctrine risk tier, and translator/reviewer notes. Terms marked [BASELINE] are already fixed in the Romans-curriculum translation_memory.json and bible_term_registry.json and MUST be reused with their exact recorded German rendering; this glossary does not alter those entries, only cites their reuse in 1 Timothy. Terms marked [NEW] are proposed additions for translation_memory.json, pending theologian sign-off per the escalation rules in 12_ai_translation_requirements.md.
Risk tiers follow the baseline’s doctrine_risk_registry.json definitions: Critical (theologian review mandatory, every occurrence), High (theologian review mandatory), Medium (native speaker review recommended), Low (automated review sufficient).
Table 1 — Baseline Terms Reused in 1 Timothy
| Term (English) | Original | German Rendering | Risk | Passages in 1 Timothy | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| gospel | εὐαγγέλιον | Evangelium | Low | 1:11 | Applied to “the gospel of the glory of the blessed God” |
| grace | χάρις | Gnade | High | 1:2, 14; 6:21 | Closing benediction “Gnade sei mit euch” |
| faith | πίστις | Glaube | Medium | throughout (1:2, 5, 14, 19; 2:7, 15; 3:9, 13; 4:1, 6, 12; 5:8, 12; 6:10-12, 21) | Extremely high frequency in this letter |
| apostle | ἀπόστολος | Apostel | Low | 1:1; 2:7 | |
| called / calling | κλητός/κλῆσις root | berufen | High | 6:12 | Effectual-calling sense; context-sensitive per baseline |
| holy | ἅγιος root | heilig | Medium | 2:8 (“holy hands”) | Gesture/posture use |
| sanctification | ἁγιασμός | Heiligung | Medium | 2:15 | Within the difficult “saved through childbearing” clause |
| church | ἐκκλησία | Gemeinde | High | 3:5, 15 | ”Gemeinde Gottes,” not “Kirche,” per baseline |
| law | νόμος | Gesetz | High | 1:8-9 | ”The law is good if used lawfully” |
| sin | ἁμαρτία / ἁμαρτωλός | Sünde / Sünder | Medium | 1:9, 15 | Vice list; “Christ came to save sinners” |
| gentiles | ἔθνη | Heiden | High | 2:7; 3:16 | ”Teacher of the Gentiles”; “proclaimed among the nations” |
| glory | δόξα | Herrlichkeit | Medium | 1:11, 17; 3:16 | Doxology and hymn language |
| intercession | ἔντευξις | Fürbitte | Medium | 2:1 | Part of fourfold prayer vocabulary |
| election (conceptual) | — | Erwählung | Critical | 2:4 (adjacent debate) | Universal-will-vs-election fault line |
| mission (conceptual) | ἐθνῶν διδάσκαλος | Mission | Medium | 2:7 | Paul as teacher of the Gentiles |
| David (n/a) | — | — | — | not present | No occurrence in 1 Timothy |
| Israel (n/a) | — | — | — | not present | No occurrence in 1 Timothy |
| Jesus | Ἰησοῦς | Jesus | Low | throughout | |
| Christ | Χριστός | Christus | Critical | throughout | |
| God | θεός | Gott | Medium | throughout | |
| Holy Spirit | πνεῦμα | Geist (ἐν πνεύματι, 3:16) | Medium | 3:16; 4:1 | Christ “vindicated by the Spirit”; “deceitful spirits” |
| Father (conceptual) | — | Vater | Medium | not directly titled | Implicit throughout Trinitarian doxologies |
| exhort | παρακαλέω/παράκλησις | ermahnen/Ermutigung | Low | 4:13; 5:1 | Context-sensitive per baseline |
| righteousness | δικαιοσύνη | Gerechtigkeit | Critical | 6:11 | ”Pursue righteousness…“ |
| salvation | σωτηρία root / σῴζω | Rettung / Retter | High | 1:1, 15; 2:4, 6; 4:10 | Very high concentration; universal-scope tension |
| justification (christological use) | ἐδικαιώθη | gerechtfertigt | Critical | 3:16 | Applied to Christ’s own vindication, not the believer’s |
| mystery | μυστήριον | Geheimnis | High | 3:9, 16 | ”Mystery of the faith”; “mystery of godliness” |
| submission | ὑποταγή/ὑποτάσσω | sich unterordnen | Critical | 2:11; 3:4 | Household code and worship-order applications |
| slaves and masters | δοῦλοι/δεσπόται | Sklaven/Herren | High | 6:1-2 | Historical-distancing framing mandatory |
| good works | ἔργα καλά/ἀγαθά | gute Werke | Critical | 3:1 (καλοῦ ἔργου), 13; 5:10; 6:18 | Fruit-not-ground-of-salvation discipline applies |
| ransom | λύτρον root (ἀντίλυτρον) | Lösegeld | High | 2:6 | Tension with Luther’s traditional “Erlösung” rendering here — flag for sign-off |
| lord | κύριος | Herr | Critical | 1:2, 12, 14; 6:3, 14-15 | Doxological intensification at 6:15 |
| ascension (conceptual echo) | ἀνελήμφθη | aufgenommen [in die Herrlichkeit] | High | 3:16 | Parallels Luke 24:51 vocabulary |
| word became flesh (conceptual echo) | ἐφανερώθη ἐν σαρκί | offenbart im Fleisch | Critical | 3:16 | Direct parallel to John 1:14 |
| least of these (conceptual echo) | — | — | High | 5:3-16; 5:17-18 | Diaconal widow-support tradition |
| worship of angels / Colossian-heresy complex (conceptual echo) | ψευδώνυμος γνῶσις | — | Medium | 6:20 | Proto-Gnostic teaching warning |
| contentment through Christ (conceptual echo) | αὐτάρκεια | Genügsamkeit | High | 6:6 | See Table 2 for full entry |
| universal lordship confession (conceptual echo) | βασιλεὺς βασιλευόντων κτλ | König der Könige und Herr der Herren | Critical | 6:15 | Doxological maximal form |
Table 2 — New Terms Proposed for Translation Memory
| Term (English) | Original | Transliteration | German Rendering | Doctrine | Risk | Rejected Alternatives | Passages | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| overseer | ἐπίσκοπος | episkopos | Aufseher | Qualifications for Church Leadership | Critical | Bischof (imports modern institutional-episcopal anachronism) | 3:1, 2 | Mandatory theologian review; note tension with standard German Bible tradition’s “Bischof” |
| deacon | διάκονος | diakonos | Diakon | Qualifications for Church Leadership | Critical | Diener (too generic, loses office-specificity) | 3:8, 10, 12, 13 | Distinguish office-sense from generic-servant sense elsewhere in NT corpus |
| elder (office) | πρεσβύτερος | presbyteros | Ältester / die Ältesten | Qualifications for Church Leadership | Critical | — | 5:17, 19; (4:14 πρεσβυτέριον) | Context-sensitive: distinct from generic “older man” sense at 5:1 |
| elder (age, generic) | πρεσβύτερος | presbyteros | ein älterer Mann | (non-doctrinal, age reference) | Low | — | 5:1 | Must be disambiguated from office-sense |
| mediator | μεσίτης | mesitēs | Mittler | Christ as the One Mediator | Critical | Vermittler (too weak/secular-diplomatic) | 2:5 | Sharpest statement of Christ’s exclusive mediatorship in the curriculum to date; live Reformation-era Catholic/Protestant fault line |
| husband of one wife | μιᾶς γυναικὸς ἄνδρα | mias gynaikos andra | Mann einer Frau | Qualifications for Church Leadership | High | seiner Frau treu (resolves ambiguity prematurely) | 3:2, 12; (parallel 5:9 ἑνὸς ἀνδρὸς γυνή) | Render literally; do not resolve the interpretive debate in-text |
| women/wives (deacons) | γυναῖκας | gynaikas | die Frauen | Qualifications for Church Leadership | Critical | ihre Frauen / Diakonissen (both prematurely resolve the ambiguity) | 3:11 | German-specific: Kaiserswerther Diakonissen tradition; mandatory theologian framing |
| pillar and buttress of truth | στῦλος καὶ ἑδραίωμα τῆς ἀληθείας | stylos kai hedraiōma tēs alētheias | Pfeiler und Grundfeste der Wahrheit | The Church as Pillar of Truth | High | Grund der Wahrheit (loses architectural-support imagery) | 3:15 | Guard against triumphalist ecclesiology misreading |
| mystery of godliness | τὸ τῆς εὐσεβείας μυστήριον | to tēs eusebeias mystērion | das Geheimnis der Frömmigkeit | The Church as Pillar of Truth; Godliness and Contentment | Critical | — | 3:16 | Introduces the Christ-hymn; inherits both Geheimnis and εὐσέβεια flags |
| godliness | εὐσέβεια | eusebeia | Frömmigkeit | Godliness and Contentment | High | Gottesfurcht (under-weights behavioral dimension); Religiosität (too neutral/sociological) | 2:2, 10; 3:16; 4:7, 8; 6:3, 5, 6, 11 | Secular-pejorative shadow (“frömmlerisch”); mandatory qualifying gloss on first occurrence |
| contentment | αὐτάρκεια | autarkeia | Genügsamkeit | Godliness and Contentment | High | Zufriedenheit (loses Stoic-philosophical and Philippians cross-reference resonance) | 6:6 | Reuses Philippians-package term; guard against prosperity-gospel misreading |
| love of money | φιλαργυρία | philargyria | Geiz (traditional) / Geldgier (literal) | Godliness and Contentment | High | — | 6:10 | Famous proverbial verse; article-usage nuance (“a root” vs “the root”) flagged for sign-off |
| not a lover of money | ἀφιλάργυρος | aphilargyros | nicht geldgierig | Qualifications for Church Leadership | Medium | — | 3:3 | Keep consistent with 6:10’s φιλαργυρία rendering choice |
| sound/healthy doctrine | ὑγιαίνουσα διδασκαλία / ὑγιαίνοντες λόγοι | hygiainousa didaskalia | gesunde Lehre | Sound Doctrine versus False Teaching | High | heilsame Lehre (shares Heil-root, not forbidden but flagged) | 1:10; 6:3 | Central term-family for the doctrine; consistency mandatory |
| teach a different doctrine | ἑτεροδιδασκαλέω | heterodidaskaleō | eine andere Lehre lehren | Sound Doctrine versus False Teaching | Critical | — | 1:3; 6:3 | Deliberate echo of Galatians’ “ein anderes Evangelium” |
| myths and endless genealogies | μῦθοι καὶ γενεαλογίαι ἀπέραντοι | mythoi kai genealogiai aperantoi | Mythen und endlose Geschlechtsregister | Sound Doctrine versus False Teaching | Medium | — | 1:4 | Guard against blanket anti-intellectualism misreading |
| deposit / entrusted teaching | παραθήκη | parathēkē | das Anvertraute | Guarding the Deposit of Faith | High | Depositum (too abstract/legal-Latinate for general audience) | 6:20 | Anchor term for this doctrine; letter’s own name for its central theme |
| falsely called knowledge | ψευδώνυμος γνῶσις | pseudōnymos gnōsis | fälschlich sogenannte Erkenntnis | Sound Doctrine versus False Teaching | Medium | Gnosis (technically accurate but may confuse general readers with the later movement’s proper name) | 6:20 | Historical root of “Gnosticism”; German history-of-religions scholarship cross-reference |
| trustworthy saying (formula) | πιστὸς ὁ λόγος | pistos ho logos | Das Wort ist gewiss / Zuverlässig ist das Wort | Sound Doctrine versus False Teaching | High | — | 1:15; 3:1; 4:9 | Fixed formula; must render identically at every occurrence |
| widow | χήρα | chēra | Witwe | Care for Widows and the Household of Faith | Medium | — | 5:3-16 | Cultural-relevance note: German state pension system (Witwenrente) |
| genuine/true widow | ὄντως χήρα | ontōs chēra | die wirkliche Witwe | Care for Widows and the Household of Faith | High | — | 5:3, 5, 16 | Technical qualifying phrase; chapter’s logic depends on this distinction |
| double honor | διπλῆ τιμή | diplē timē | doppelte Ehre | Care for Widows and the Household of Faith | High | — | 5:17 | Honorific-vs-financial debate; German Kirchensteuer clergy-funding context |
| laying on of hands | ἐπίθεσις τῶν χειρῶν | epithesis tōn cheirōn | Handauflegung | Qualifications for Church Leadership | Medium | — | 4:14; 5:22 | Still-living liturgical practice across German traditions |
| conscience | συνείδησις | syneidēsis | Gewissen | Sound Doctrine versus False Teaching | Medium | — | 1:5, 19; 3:9; 4:2 | Post-Kantian philosophical-secular overlay risk |
| appearing (of Christ) | ἐπιφάνεια | epiphaneia | Erscheinung | (eschatological, cross-doctrinal) | Medium | — | 6:14 | Qualify against secular “appearance” default sense |
| King of kings and Lord of lords | βασιλεὺς τῶν βασιλευόντων καὶ κύριος τῶν κυριευόντων | basileus tōn basileuontōn kai kyrios tōn kyrieuontōn | König der Könige und Herr der Herren | Christ as the One Mediator (doxological climax) | Critical | — | 6:15 | Maximal Herr-intensification; inherits baseline Herr flag |
| man of God | ἄνθρωπος θεοῦ | anthrōpos theou | Mann Gottes | (personal address / discipleship) | Low | — | 6:11 | OT prophetic-title echo |
| good fight of faith | καλὸν ἀγῶνα τῆς πίστεως | kalon agōna tēs pisteōs | der gute Kampf des Glaubens | Guarding the Deposit of Faith | Medium | — | 6:12 | Reuses Glaube |
| condemnation of the devil | κρίμα τοῦ διαβόλου | krima tou diabolou | Gericht des Teufels | Qualifications for Church Leadership | Medium | — | 3:6 | Two live interpretive readings preserved, not resolved |
| snare of the devil | παγὶς τοῦ διαβόλου | pagis tou diabolou | Fallstrick des Teufels | Qualifications for Church Leadership | Low | — | 3:7 | Distinct image from κρίμα at 3:6 |
| new convert | νεόφυτος | neophytos | Neubekehrter | Qualifications for Church Leadership | Low | — | 3:6 | |
| above reproach | ἀνεπίλημπτος | anepilēmptos | untadelig | Qualifications for Church Leadership | Medium | — | 3:2; 6:14 | Guard against sinlessness-perfectionism misreading |
| blameless (tested outcome) | ἀνέγκλητος | anenklētos | unbescholten / untadelig | Qualifications for Church Leadership | Low | — | 3:10 | Near-synonym of ἀνεπίλημπτος |
| sober-minded | νηφάλιος | nēphalios | nüchtern | Qualifications for Church Leadership | Low | — | 3:2, 11 | |
| self-controlled | σώφρων / σωφροσύνη | sōphrōn / sōphrosynē | besonnen / Besonnenheit | Qualifications for Church Leadership; Public Worship and Prayer | Low | — | 3:2; 2:9, 15 | |
| respectable/orderly | κόσμιος | kosmios | ehrbar | Qualifications for Church Leadership; Public Worship and Prayer | Low | — | 3:2; 2:9 | |
| hospitable | φιλόξενος | philoxenos | gastfreundlich | Qualifications for Church Leadership | Low | — | 3:2 | |
| able to teach | διδακτικός | didaktikos | lehrfähig | Qualifications for Church Leadership | Medium | gebildet (too generic) | 3:2 | Ties to Sound Doctrine doctrine |
| given to wine | πάροινος | paroinos | nicht dem Wein zugetan | Qualifications for Church Leadership | Low | — | 3:3 | Note tension with permitted medicinal use at 5:23 |
| violent/striker | πλήκτης | plēktēs | nicht gewalttätig | Qualifications for Church Leadership | Low | — | 3:3 | |
| gentle | ἐπιεικής | epieikēs | gütig | Qualifications for Church Leadership | Low | — | 3:3 | |
| peaceable | ἄμαχος | amachos | nicht streitsüchtig | Qualifications for Church Leadership | Low | — | 3:3 | |
| household management | προϊστάμενον/προεστῶτες | proistamenon/proestōtes | vorstehen / leiten | Qualifications for Church Leadership | Medium | — | 3:4, 5, 12; 5:17 | Deliberate household-to-church analogy; keep verb consistent across all occurrences |
| dignity | σεμνότης / σεμνός | semnotēs / semnos | Würde / achtbar | Qualifications for Church Leadership | Low | — | 3:4, 8, 11 | |
| double-tongued | δίλογος | dilogos | nicht doppelzüngig | Qualifications for Church Leadership | Low | — | 3:8 | |
| greedy for dishonest gain | αἰσχροκερδής | aischrokerdēs | nicht auf schändlichen Gewinn aus | Qualifications for Church Leadership | Medium | — | 3:8 | Distinguish from ἀφιλάργυρος’s general-greed sense |
| good standing (diaconal reward) | βαθμὸν καλόν | bathmon kalon | eine gute Stellung | Qualifications for Church Leadership | Medium | — | 3:13 | Guard against career-ladder/promotion misreading |
| boldness/confidence | παρρησία | parrēsia | Freimütigkeit / Zuversicht | Qualifications for Church Leadership | Medium | — | 3:13 | |
| God desires all to be saved | θέλει πάντας ἀνθρώπους σωθῆναι | thelei pantas anthrōpous sōthēnai | der will, dass alle Menschen gerettet werden | Public Worship and Prayer; Christ as the One Mediator | Critical | (softened/qualified renderings of “all”) | 2:4 | Sharp Lutheran/Reformed election fault line; never soften universality |
| Savior of all people | σωτὴρ πάντων ἀνθρώπων | sōtēr pantōn anthrōpōn | Retter aller Menschen | Public Worship and Prayer; Christ as the One Mediator | Critical | — | 4:10 | Balance universal clause against “especially of believers” qualifier |
| woman learning in submission | γυνὴ ἐν ἡσυχίᾳ … ἐν πάσῃ ὑποταγῇ | gynē en hēsychia … en pasē hypotagē | eine Frau soll in aller Unterordnung in der Stille lernen | Public Worship and Prayer | Critical | (any rendering resolving the complementarian/egalitarian debate) | 2:11 | Highest denominational-fault-line passage in this package; render literally, do not adjudicate |
| not permitted to teach or exercise authority | διδάσκειν … οὐκ ἐπιτρέπω, οὐδὲ αὐθεντεῖν ἀνδρός | didaskein … ouk epitrepō, oude authentein andros | ich erlaube einer Frau nicht, zu lehren noch über den Mann zu herrschen | Public Worship and Prayer | Critical | — | 2:12 | αὐθεντέω is a NT-unique rare word; genuine lexical uncertainty must be preserved |
| saved through childbearing | σωθήσεται διὰ τῆς τεκνογονίας | sōthēsetai dia tēs teknogonias | sie wird gerettet werden durch Kindergebären | Public Worship and Prayer | Critical | (any resolving paraphrase) | 2:15 | Among the most difficult verses in the NT; never taught as salvation-by-childbirth |
| Adam formed first / Eve deceived | Ἀδὰμ πρῶτος ἐπλάσθη / ἡ γυνὴ ἐξαπατηθεῖσα | — | zuerst geschaffen / verführt | Public Worship and Prayer | High | — | 2:13-14 | Inherits 2:11-12’s denominational-sensitivity flag as stated rationale |
| modesty/propriety | αἰδώς | aidōs | Schamhaftigkeit | Public Worship and Prayer | Medium | — | 2:9 | |
| slave traders | ἀνδραποδισταί | andrapodistai | Menschenhändler | Sound Doctrine versus False Teaching | Medium | — | 1:9-10 (vice list) | Explicit condemnation of slave trade; internal tension with 6:1-2 worth flagging |
| depart from the faith (apostasy) | ἀποστήσονται τῆς πίστεως | apostēsontai tēs pisteōs | vom Glauben abfallen | Sound Doctrine versus False Teaching | High | — | 4:1 | Pastoral care needed re: doubt vs. deliberate apostasy distinction |
| teachings of demons | διδασκαλίαις δαιμονίων | didaskaliais daimoniōn | Lehren von Dämonen | Sound Doctrine versus False Teaching | Medium | — | 4:1 | Preserve supernatural framing against demythologizing drift |
| every creature of God is good | πᾶν κτίσμα θεοῦ καλόν | pan ktisma theou kalon | jedes Geschöpf Gottes ist gut | Godliness and Contentment | Medium | — | 4:4 | Direct parallel to Mark 7:15, 19 (baseline) |
| train yourself for godliness | γύμναζε σεαυτὸν πρὸς εὐσέβειαν | gymnaze seauton pros eusebeian | übe dich in der Frömmigkeit | Godliness and Contentment | Medium | — | 4:7 | Inherits εὐσέβεια flag |
| genuine widow qualification: wife of one husband | ἑνὸς ἀνδρὸς γυνή | henos andros gynē | Frau eines einzigen Mannes | Care for Widows and the Household of Faith | High | — | 5:9 | Parallel to 3:2/3:12; render literally |
| denied the faith / worse than an unbeliever | τὴν πίστιν ἤρνηται καὶ ἔστιν ἀπίστου χείρων | tēn pistin ērnētai kai estin apistou cheirōn | hat den Glauben verleugnet und ist schlimmer als ein Ungläubiger | Care for Widows and the Household of Faith | High | — | 5:8 | Pastoral-care sensitivity in application required |
| two or three witnesses (elder discipline) | δύο ἢ τριῶν μαρτύρων | dyo ē triōn martyrōn | zwei oder drei Zeugen | Qualifications for Church Leadership | Medium | — | 5:19 | Procedural safeguard; contemporary safeguarding relevance |
| godliness as means of gain (false teaching) | νομιζόντων πορισμὸν εἶναι τὴν εὐσέβειαν | nomizontōn porismon einai tēn eusebeian | die meinen, die Frömmigkeit sei ein Gewerbe | Sound Doctrine versus False Teaching; Godliness and Contentment | High | — | 6:5 | Direct target of the letter’s polemic; inherits εὐσέβεια flag |
| desire to be rich (temptation) | βουλόμενοι πλουτεῖν | boulomenoi ploutein | die reich werden wollen | Godliness and Contentment | Medium | — | 6:9 | |
| flee / pursue (virtue-vice contrast formula) | φεῦγε / δίωκε | pheuge / diōke | fliehe / jage nach | Godliness and Contentment; Guarding the Deposit of Faith | Medium | — | 6:11 |
Table 3 — Doctrine-to-Term Cross-Index
| Curriculum Doctrine | Primary German Doctrine Name | Key Terms | Primary Passages | Overall Risk |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sound Doctrine versus False Teaching | Gesunde Lehre und falsche Lehre | gesunde Lehre, eine andere Lehre lehren, Mythen und Geschlechtsregister, Lehren von Dämonen, fälschlich sogenannte Erkenntnis | 1:3-11, 19-20; 4:1-7; 6:3-5, 20-21 | Critical |
| Qualifications for Church Leadership (Elders and Deacons) | Voraussetzungen für die Gemeindeleitung (Älteste und Diakone) | Aufseher, Diakon, Ältester, Mann einer Frau, die Frauen (3:11), Handauflegung | 3:1-13; 4:14; 5:17-22 | Critical |
| Christ as the One Mediator | Christus als der eine Mittler | Mittler, Lösegeld für alle, König der Könige und Herr der Herren | 2:5-6; 6:15-16 | Critical |
| Public Worship and Prayer | Öffentlicher Gottesdienst und Gebet | Bitten/Gebete/Fürbitte/Danksagung, der will, dass alle Menschen gerettet werden, eine Frau soll… in der Stille lernen | 2:1-15 | Critical |
| The Church as Pillar of Truth | Die Gemeinde als Pfeiler der Wahrheit | Gemeinde Gottes, Pfeiler und Grundfeste der Wahrheit, das Geheimnis der Frömmigkeit | 3:14-16 | High |
| Godliness and Contentment | Frömmigkeit und Genügsamkeit | Frömmigkeit, Genügsamkeit, Geiz/Geldgier | 2:2, 10; 4:7-8; 6:3-11 | High |
| Care for Widows and the Household of Faith | Die Fürsorge für Witwen und die Hausgemeinschaft des Glaubens | Witwe, die wirkliche Witwe, doppelte Ehre | 5:1-25 | High |
| Guarding the Deposit of Faith | Das Anvertraute bewahren | das Anvertraute, der gute Kampf des Glaubens | 1:18-20; 6:12, 20-21 | High |
Table 4 — Chapters Reviewed with No New Load-Bearing Terms
None. Every chapter of 1 Timothy (1 through 6) introduces at least one new load-bearing term beyond the established Romans-curriculum baseline, as documented in Tables 1-2 above and in 07_semantic_analysis.md. This is noted explicitly per the coverage mandate, even though the result in this book is that no chapter qualifies for the “no new vocabulary” designation.
Reviewer Priority Flags (Summary)
Highest-priority items requiring mandatory theologian review before any Phase 2 translation:
- 2:11-15 — women’s role in teaching/authority (the single highest denominational-fault-line passage in this package)
- 3:11 — γυναῖκας (“women/wives”), given the German Kaiserswerth-Diakonissen historical connection
- 3:2, 12; 5:9 — “husband/wife of one husband/wife” marital-fidelity qualification
- 2:5 — Christ as “one Mediator,” given the Catholic/Protestant intercession-and-mediation fault line
- 2:4; 4:10 — universal saving will/Savior language, given the Lutheran/Reformed election fault line
- 3:1-2 — ἐπίσκοπος rendering (Aufseher vs. Bischof institutional-anachronism question)
- 3:16 — the Christ-hymn, given its ὅς/θεός textual variant and dense Christological freight
- 6:20 — “the deposit,” as the letter’s own self-naming of its central theme
This glossary must be loaded alongside 07_semantic_analysis.md, the baseline translation_memory.json, bible_term_registry.json, and doctrine_risk_registry.json before any Phase 2 translation work on 1 Timothy begins. All [NEW] terms in Table 2 require theologian sign-off before being committed to an updated translation_memory.json version increment, per the versioning discipline established in 12_ai_translation_requirements.md.
Critical Risk Terms
Ascension
Approved rendering: er ward aufgehoben gen Himmel
Transliteration: er ward aufgehoben gen Himmel
Doctrine: The Emmaus Road and the Ascension
Inherited from Luke package via Romans-curriculum baseline, unchanged. Conceptual cross-reference for 1 Timothy 3:16’s closing hymn-clause ‘aufgenommen in die Herrlichkeit’ (taken up in glory).
Blasphemy Against The Spirit
Approved rendering: Lästerung wider den Geist
Transliteration: Lästerung wider den Geist
Doctrine: Blasphemy Against the Spirit
Inherited from Matthew package via Romans-curriculum baseline, unchanged. Conceptual cross-reference for 1 Timothy 4:1’s apostasy warning — both require pastoral framing distinguishing settled, deliberate departure from honest doubt or struggle, to avoid inducing scrupulous fear.
Contentment Through Christ
Approved rendering: Ich vermag alles durch den, der mich mächtig macht
Transliteration: Ich vermag alles durch den, der mich mächtig macht
Doctrine: Contentment and Christ’s Sufficiency
Inherited from Philippians package via Romans-curriculum baseline, unchanged. Its cognate adjective/noun vocabulary (‘Genügsamkeit’) is directly reused at 1 Timothy 6:6 — see ‘contentment’ below. Both passages share the identical decontextualization/prosperity-gospel-misreading caution.
Deacon
Approved rendering: Diakon
Transliteration: Diakon
Doctrine: Qualifications for Church Leadership
Rejected alternatives: Diener (too generic, loses office-specificity)
Original: διάκονος
Category: Church Leadership
NEW. 1 Timothy 3:8, 10, 12, 13. Established German loanword shared across Catholic and Protestant church polity for the technical office; reserve generic ‘Diener’ for the non-office servant sense elsewhere (e.g. Romans 13:4). Mandatory theologian review to confirm this distinction is preserved.
Elder Office
Approved rendering: Ältester / die Ältesten
Transliteration: presbyteros
Doctrine: Qualifications for Church Leadership
Original: πρεσβύτερος (office sense)
Category: Church Leadership
NEW. 1 Timothy 5:17, 19 (technical office sense); 4:14 (‘πρεσβυτέριον,’ die Ältestenschaft). Reuses the established German Reformed/Presbyterian church-polity term. Mandatory theologian review of the whole letter to confirm consistent disambiguation from the age-sense at 5:1-2 and explicit cross-reference to the ἐπίσκοπος discussion at 3:1-2.
False Gospel
Approved rendering: ein anderes Evangelium
Transliteration: ein anderes Evangelium
Doctrine: The True Gospel versus False Gospels
Inherited from Galatians package via Romans-curriculum baseline, unchanged. 1 Timothy 1:3; 6:3 deliberately echo this construction with ‘eine andere Lehre lehren’ — see ‘teach_a_different_doctrine’ below. Must read as doctrinal corruption, never one option among Germany’s plural religious/spiritual marketplace.
Flesh
Approved rendering: Fleisch
Transliteration: Fleisch
Doctrine: Flesh versus Spirit
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. 1 Timothy 3:16, ‘offenbart im Fleisch’ — the incarnation sense, not the ethical sinful-nature sense; must remain recognizably continuous with the John 1:14 baseline vocabulary.
God So Loved The World
Approved rendering: Also hat Gott die Welt geliebt, dass er seinen eingeborenen Sohn gab
Transliteration: Also hat Gott die Welt geliebt, dass er seinen eingeborenen Sohn gab
Doctrine: God’s Love for the World
Inherited from John package via Romans-curriculum baseline, unchanged. Conceptual cross-reference for 1 Timothy 2:4 and 4:10’s universal-saving-will language; do not let readers assimilate this text’s explicit Christ-exclusive mediatorial ground (2:5) into a generic religious-pluralism reading.
Gods Universal Saving Will
Approved rendering: der will, dass alle Menschen gerettet werden
Transliteration: thelei pantas anthropous sothenai
Doctrine: Public Worship and Prayer
Rejected alternatives: (any softened/qualified rendering of ‘all’)
Original: θέλει πάντας ἀνθρώπους σωθῆναι
Category: Salvation
NEW. 1 Timothy 2:4. Sits at the exact fault line of the German Lutheran/Reformed election debate already flagged in the baseline. Mandatory theologian review; render with full universal force, never soften ‘alle Menschen’; flag the systematic-theological debate for teaching material rather than resolving it in the text itself.
Good Works
Approved rendering: gute Werke
Transliteration: gute Werke
Doctrine: Salvation by Grace Through Faith
Original: καλὸν/ἀγαθὸν ἔργον
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Ephesians package via Romans-curriculum baseline, unchanged. 1 Timothy 3:1 (‘ein gutes/edles Werk’ as the leadership office), 3:13; 5:10; 6:18. Fruit-not-ground-of-salvation discipline applies throughout.
Justification Christological Use
Approved rendering: gerechtfertigt
Transliteration: edikaiothe
Doctrine: The Church as Pillar of Truth
NEW. 1 Timothy 3:16, second line of the Christ-hymn: ‘gerechtfertigt im Geist,’ applied to Christ’s own vindication, not the believer’s justification by faith. Given ‘Rechtfertigung’s’ Reformation-era weight in the German package, requires explicit disambiguating comment in teaching material so this clause is not misread as another statement of the believer’s justification doctrine.
Justification
Approved rendering: Rechtfertigung
Transliteration: Rechtfertigung
Doctrine: Salvation
Rejected alternatives: Erlösung (distinct concept)
Original: ἐδικαιώθη
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. The verb form ‘gerechtfertigt’ is applied christologically (Christ’s own vindication by the Spirit) at 3:16 — see ‘justification_christological_use’ below for the disambiguating entry required by this distinct application.
King Of Kings
Approved rendering: König der Könige und Herr der Herren
Transliteration: basileus ton basileuonton kai kyrios ton kyrieuonton
Doctrine: Christ as the One Mediator
Original: βασιλεὺς τῶν βασιλευόντων καὶ κύριος τῶν κυριευόντων
Category: Christology
NEW. 1 Timothy 6:15. Maximally-intensified doxological superlative closing the letter’s charge to Timothy; reuses established ‘Herr’ vocabulary in its most intensified form. Mandatory theologian review, consistent with the baseline’s existing Critical-tier flag on all Herr/Lordship-confession language.
Least Of These
Approved rendering: was ihr getan habt einem von diesen meinen geringsten Brüdern, das habt ihr mir getan
Transliteration: was ihr getan habt einem von diesen meinen geringsten Brüdern, das habt ihr mir getan
Doctrine: The Olivet Discourse and Final Judgment
Inherited from Matthew package via Romans-curriculum baseline, unchanged. Conceptual cross-reference for 1 Timothy 5’s widow-care and diaconal-support material, continuing the German Diakonie/Caritas tradition already flagged for this baseline doctrine.
Lord
Approved rendering: Herr
Transliteration: Herr
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: Meister, Chef
Original: κύριος
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Unusually high frequency in this short letter (1:2, 12, 14; 6:3, 14) culminating in the doxological superlative ‘Herr der Herren’ at 6:15 — see ‘king_of_kings’ below. The everyday-title flattening risk (Herr Müller) applies at every occurrence.
Mediator
Approved rendering: Mittler
Transliteration: Mittler
Doctrine: Christ as the One Mediator
Rejected alternatives: Vermittler (too weak/secular-diplomatic-brokerage register)
Original: μεσίτης
Category: Christology
NEW. 1 Timothy 2:5. Luther’s own established rendering. Sharpest single statement in the German package of the Reformation-era rejection of supplementary intercessory mediators (Mary, the saints), a live and continuing devotional-practice fault line between German Protestant and Catholic tradition. The numeral ‘one’ (εἷς) must never be softened or dropped. Mandatory theologian review for every occurrence.
Mystery Of Godliness
Approved rendering: das Geheimnis der Frömmigkeit
Transliteration: to tes eusebeias mysterion
Doctrine: The Church as Pillar of Truth
Original: τὸ τῆς εὐσεβείας μυστήριον
Category: Christology
NEW. 1 Timothy 3:16, introducing the six-line Christ-hymn. Compounds two independently flagged risks: the baseline’s ‘Geheimnis’ caution (lighter secular ‘secret’ connotation) and the ‘Frömmigkeit’ caution (secular-pejorative ‘frömmlerisch’ shadow). Mandatory theologian review given both compounding risks plus the hymn’s dense Christological freight and the ὅς/θεός textual variant.
Not Permitted To Teach
Approved rendering: ich erlaube einer Frau nicht, zu lehren noch über den Mann zu herrschen
Transliteration: didaskein de gynaiki ouk epitrepo, oude authentein andros
Doctrine: Public Worship and Prayer
Original: διδάσκειν δὲ γυναικὶ οὐκ ἐπιτρέπω, οὐδὲ αὐθεντεῖν ἀνδρός
Category: Household Code
NEW. 1 Timothy 2:12. αὐθεντέω is NT-unique with genuinely uncertain semantic force even among specialist lexicographers. Highest-priority mandatory theologian review in the entire package, given the sharp EKD/Catholic/Freikirche institutional divide in contemporary German church life on precisely this text.
Nothing Outside Defiles
Approved rendering: Es ist nichts von außen in den Menschen hinein, was ihn gemein machen kann; sondern was aus dem Menschen herauskommt, das macht den Menschen gemein
Transliteration: Es ist nichts von außen in den Menschen hinein, was ihn gemein machen kann; sondern was aus dem Menschen herauskommt, das macht den Menschen gemein
Doctrine: Freedom from Dietary Law
Inherited from Mark package via Romans-curriculum baseline, unchanged. Conceptual cross-reference (not exact phrase reuse) for 1 Timothy 4:4’s ‘jedes Geschöpf Gottes ist gut, und nichts ist zu verwerfen’ — both texts independently affirm creation’s goodness against ritual-purity-based restriction.
Overseer
Approved rendering: Aufseher
Transliteration: Aufseher
Doctrine: Qualifications for Church Leadership
Rejected alternatives: Bischof (imports modern institutional-episcopal anachronism — Landesbischof, Diözesanbischof)
Original: ἐπίσκοπος
Category: Church Leadership
NEW. 1 Timothy 3:1, 2. Deliberate departure from the dominant Lutherbibel/Einheitsübersetzung ‘Bischof’ rendering to avoid importing a modern regional multi-congregation episcopal office onto Paul’s single local house-church leader. Mandatory theologian review for every occurrence, with explicit cross-reference to the elder discussion at 5:17-19 regarding office-identity.
Philosophy And Empty Deceit
Approved rendering: Philosophie und leerem Trug
Transliteration: Philosophie und leerem Trug
Doctrine: Warning Against False Teaching / Philosophy
Inherited from Colossians package via Romans-curriculum baseline, unchanged. Conceptual cross-reference (not exact phrase reuse) for 1 Timothy 1:4’s ‘Mythen und endlose Geschlechtsregister’ — both name speculative, faith-eroding content, not learning or scholarship as such, a live concern given Germany’s strong theological-academic culture.
Rich Man And Lazarus
Approved rendering: der reiche Mann und der arme Lazarus
Transliteration: der reiche Mann und der arme Lazarus
Doctrine: The Rich Man and Lazarus
Inherited from Luke package via Romans-curriculum baseline, unchanged. Conceptual cross-reference for 1 Timothy 6:17-19’s instructions to the rich; continues Luke’s rich/poor reversal theme, directly relevant to contemporary Germany’s high per-capita wealth.
Righteousness
Approved rendering: Gerechtigkeit
Transliteration: Gerechtigkeit
Doctrine: Salvation
Rejected alternatives: Tugend
Original: δικαιοσύνη
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. 1 Timothy 6:11, ‘jage aber nach der Gerechtigkeit’ — part of the virtue list charged to Timothy personally.
Saved Through Childbearing
Approved rendering: sie wird gerettet werden durch Kindergebären
Transliteration: sothesetai dia tes teknogonias
Doctrine: Public Worship and Prayer
Rejected alternatives: (any interpretively resolving paraphrase)
Original: σωθήσεται διὰ τῆς τεκνογονίας
Category: Household Code
NEW. 1 Timothy 2:15. Among the most difficult single verses in the NT. Must never be taught in isolation as a doctrine that women earn or secure salvation through childbearing — a serious Werkgerechtigkeit-adjacent misreading directly contradicting 1:15-16’s grace framework.
Savior Of All
Approved rendering: Retter aller Menschen, besonders der Gläubigen
Transliteration: soter panton anthropon, malista piston
Doctrine: Public Worship and Prayer
Original: σωτὴρ πάντων ἀνθρώπων, μάλιστα πιστῶν
Category: Salvation
NEW. 1 Timothy 4:10. The qualifying ‘besonders der Gläubigen’ clause must never be dropped or used to nullify the preceding universal statement, nor may the universal statement be permitted to override the qualifier into full universalism.
Son Of Man Ransom
Approved rendering: der Menschensohn… Lösegeld für viele
Transliteration: der Menschensohn… Lösegeld für viele
Doctrine: The Son of Man as Servant and Ransom
Inherited from Matthew/Mark packages via Romans-curriculum baseline, unchanged. The ‘Lösegeld’ vocabulary is directly reused (intensified as ‘Lösegeld für alle’) at 1 Timothy 2:6 — see ‘ransom_for_all’ below for the dedicated entry and its flagged tension with the Luther-tradition’s ‘zur Erlösung für alle.‘
Submission
Approved rendering: sich unterordnen
Transliteration: sich unterordnen
Doctrine: Household Code: Marriage as Christ and the Church
Original: ὑποταγή / ὑποτάσσω root
Category: Household Code
Inherited from Ephesians package via Romans-curriculum baseline, unchanged. Extended in 1 Timothy to two additional contexts beyond marriage: worship-order (2:11) and parent-child relations (3:4). Inherits the mandatory theologian-AND-native-speaker review rule given Germany’s constitutional sensitivities (Grundgesetz Art. 3), now applied to these new contexts.
Teach A Different Doctrine
Approved rendering: eine andere Lehre lehren
Transliteration: heterodidaskaleo
Doctrine: Sound Doctrine versus False Teaching
Original: ἑτεροδιδασκαλέω
Category: Sound Doctrine
NEW. 1 Timothy 1:3; 6:3. Deliberately echoes the baseline’s established ‘ein anderes Evangelium’ construction (Galatians 1:6-9). Must read as doctrinal corruption, never as one option among Germany’s plural religious/spiritual marketplace.
Universal Lordship Confession
Approved rendering: Jesus Christus ist der Herr
Transliteration: Jesus Christus ist der Herr
Doctrine: The Exaltation and Universal Lordship of Christ
Inherited from Philippians package via Romans-curriculum baseline, unchanged. Conceptual cross-reference for 1 Timothy 6:15’s doxological climax ‘König der Könige und Herr der Herren’ — must be theologically consistent with, though not verbatim identical to, this established confession.
Way Truth Life Exclusivity
Approved rendering: Ich bin der Weg und die Wahrheit und das Leben; niemand kommt zum Vater denn durch mich
Transliteration: Ich bin der Weg und die Wahrheit und das Leben; niemand kommt zum Vater denn durch mich
Doctrine: The Exclusivity of Christ: The Way, Truth, and Life
Inherited from John package via Romans-curriculum baseline, unchanged. Conceptual cross-reference for 1 Timothy 2:5’s ‘one Mediator’ doctrine — both texts assert Christ’s unique, exclusive access-granting role; pastoral/interfaith sensitivity required given Germany’s religious pluralism.
Woman Learning In Submission
Approved rendering: eine Frau soll in aller Unterordnung in der Stille lernen
Transliteration: gyne en hesychia manthaneto en pase hypotage
Doctrine: Public Worship and Prayer
Rejected alternatives: (any rendering resolving the complementarian/egalitarian debate)
Original: γυνὴ ἐν ἡσυχίᾳ μανθανέτω ἐν πάσῃ ὑποταγῇ
Category: Household Code
NEW. 1 Timothy 2:11. The single highest denominational-fault-line passage in this package. Render literally; never adjudicate the ἡσυχία-as-literal-silence vs. teachable-demeanor debate in the translated text.
Women Deacons
Approved rendering: die Frauen ebenso
Transliteration: gynaikas
Doctrine: Qualifications for Church Leadership
Rejected alternatives: ihre Frauen (resolves the ambiguity prematurely toward ‘wives’), Diakonissen (resolves the ambiguity prematurely toward a distinct female office)
Original: γυναῖκας
Category: Church Leadership
NEW. 1 Timothy 3:11. German-specific Critical risk: Germany’s Kaiserswerther Diakonissen movement (founded 1836, foundational to the modern German nursing profession) gives German readers a uniquely concrete, still-operating institutional referent for this genuinely ambiguous Greek phrase. Render with the same deliberate ambiguity as the Greek; mandatory theologian review with accompanying teaching material presenting both interpretive options and the Kaiserswerth historical connection explicitly.
Word Became Flesh Echo
Approved rendering: offenbart im Fleisch
Transliteration: ephanerothe en sarki
Doctrine: The Church as Pillar of Truth
Original: ἐφανερώθη ἐν σαρκί
Category: Christology
NEW. 1 Timothy 3:16, opening line of the Christ-hymn. A second, independent NT attestation of the incarnation doctrine already anchored in John 1:14; must remain recognizably continuous with the established ‘Fleisch’ vocabulary and taught within the full Christ-hymn’s high-Christology frame, never in isolation.
Word Became Flesh
Approved rendering: das Wort ward Fleisch und wohnte unter uns
Transliteration: das Wort ward Fleisch und wohnte unter uns
Doctrine: The Prologue: The Word Made Flesh
Inherited from John package via Romans-curriculum baseline, unchanged. Directly parallel to 1 Timothy 3:16’s ‘offenbart im Fleisch’ — see ‘word_became_flesh_echo’ below for the dedicated 1 Timothy entry.
High Risk Terms
Adam Formed First
Approved rendering: zuerst geschaffen / verführt
Transliteration: Adam gar protos eplasthe … he de gyne exapatetheisa
Doctrine: Public Worship and Prayer
Original: Ἀδὰμ γὰρ πρῶτος ἐπλάσθη … ἡ δὲ γυνὴ ἐξαπατηθεῖσα
Category: Household Code
NEW. 1 Timothy 2:13-14. The stated rationale for 2:11-12; inherits the same denominational-sensitivity flag since it functions as that instruction’s argumentative ground, not a separable lower-risk unit.
Christ Title
Approved rendering: Christus
Transliteration: Christos
Doctrine: Christ as the One Mediator
Original: Χριστός
Category: Christology
NEW. Used throughout as part of the compound title ‘Christus Jesus’/‘Jesus Christus.’ Risk raised to High for this letter specifically because of the unusually dense concentration of load-bearing Christological confessions built around this title in a short span (1:15-16; 2:5-6; 3:16; 6:13-16), each individually flagged Critical.
Church
Approved rendering: Gemeinde
Transliteration: Gemeinde
Doctrine: Church as God’s People
Rejected alternatives: Kirche (institution-default)
Original: ἐκκλησία
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. 1 Timothy 3:5, 15, ‘Gemeinde Gottes’ / ‘Gemeinde des lebendigen Gottes.’ Never ‘Kirche’ for this NT gathered-people sense, per the existing baseline discipline.
Contentment
Approved rendering: Genügsamkeit
Transliteration: autarkeia
Doctrine: Godliness and Contentment
Rejected alternatives: Zufriedenheit (loses Stoic-philosophical and Philippians cross-reference resonance)
Original: αὐτάρκεια
Category: Godliness and Contentment
NEW (reuses the Philippians-baseline term ‘Genügsamkeit’ exactly). 1 Timothy 6:6. Must never be read as license for prosperity-gospel-style promises of financial increase — the exact false teaching (6:5) this passage refutes. The ‘gain’ named is contentment itself and eternal reward (6:19), never material wealth.
Denied The Faith
Approved rendering: hat den Glauben verleugnet und ist schlimmer als ein Ungläubiger
Transliteration: ten pistin ernetai kai estin apistou cheiron
Doctrine: Care for Widows and the Household of Faith
NEW. 1 Timothy 5:8. Requires pastoral care in teaching material to avoid inducing crushing guilt in believers facing genuinely difficult family-care circumstances beyond their control, while preserving the passage’s genuine moral seriousness.
Depart From The Faith
Approved rendering: vom Glauben abfallen
Transliteration: apostesontai tines tes pisteos
Doctrine: Sound Doctrine versus False Teaching
Original: ἀποστήσονταί τινες τῆς πίστεως
Category: Sound Doctrine
NEW. 1 Timothy 4:1. Pastoral sensitivity required: describes settled, deliberate departure, not honest struggle or doubt — structurally parallel to the baseline’s caution on blasphemy against the Spirit (Matthew 12:31-32).
Deposit Of Faith
Approved rendering: das Anvertraute
Transliteration: paratheke
Doctrine: Guarding the Deposit of Faith
Rejected alternatives: Depositum (too abstract/legal-Latinate for this letter’s plain pastoral register)
Original: παραθήκη
Category: Sound Doctrine
NEW. 1 Timothy 6:20. The letter’s own self-naming of its central theme (cf. 1:3-11; 4:6, 16; 6:3-5). German Catholic readers may recognize resonance with the technical catechetical phrase ‘depositum fidei’; note this difference in teaching material rather than importing either tradition’s full doctrine of tradition.
Double Honor
Approved rendering: doppelte Ehre
Transliteration: diple time
Doctrine: Qualifications for Church Leadership
Original: διπλῆ τιμή
Category: Church Leadership
NEW. 1 Timothy 5:17. Genuinely debated between a purely honorific and a partly/wholly financial sense. Direct contemporary relevance to German church polity, where most Landeskirche clergy salaries flow through the state-administered Kirchensteuer rather than direct congregational giving as in the NT context.
Election
Approved rendering: Erwählung
Transliteration: Erwählung
Doctrine: Effectual Calling
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Not a direct lexical occurrence in 1 Timothy but the conceptual fault line directly underlying 2:4 and 4:10’s universal-saving-will language; German Lutheran/Reformed divergence applies with intensified force given this letter’s unusually concentrated universal-scope statements.
Gentiles
Approved rendering: Heiden
Transliteration: Heiden
Doctrine: Unity of Jews and Gentiles
Original: ἔθνη
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. 1 Timothy 2:7 (‘Lehrer der Heiden’); 3:16 (‘gepredigt den Völkern/Heiden’).
Genuine Widow Wife Of One Husband
Approved rendering: Frau eines einzigen Mannes
Transliteration: henos andros gyne
Doctrine: Care for Widows and the Household of Faith
NEW. 1 Timothy 5:9. Parallel female-form counterpart to ‘husband_of_one_wife’ (3:2, 12); render literally without resolving the interpretive question.
Genuine Widow
Approved rendering: die wirkliche Witwe
Transliteration: ontos chera
Doctrine: Care for Widows and the Household of Faith
Original: ὄντως χήρα
Category: Widows and Care
NEW. 1 Timothy 5:3, 5, 16. Technical qualifying phrase; must be kept distinct from generic ‘Witwe’ throughout, since the chapter’s administrative logic (family-supported widows are not meant to be an ongoing congregational charge) depends on the distinction.
Godliness As Means Of Gain
Approved rendering: die meinen, die Frömmigkeit sei ein Gewerbe
Transliteration: nomizonton porismon einai ten eusebeian
Doctrine: Sound Doctrine versus False Teaching
NEW. 1 Timothy 6:5. Direct target of the letter’s polemic against the false teachers; inherits the ‘Frömmigkeit’/godliness flag, intensified by direct juxtaposition with the letter’s positive teaching on godliness immediately following (6:6).
Godliness
Approved rendering: Frömmigkeit
Transliteration: eusebeia
Doctrine: Godliness and Contentment
Rejected alternatives: Gottesfurcht (under-weights the practical behavioral dimension), Religiosität (too neutral/sociological)
Original: εὐσέβεια
Category: Godliness and Contentment
NEW. 1 Timothy 2:2, 10; 3:16; 4:7, 8; 6:3, 5, 6, 11. German-specific High risk: ‘frömmlerisch’ (sanctimonious, self-righteously pious) is a common German pejorative, precisely the opposite of what εὐσέβεια names here. Mandatory qualifying gloss on first occurrence (e.g. ‘gelebte Gottesfurcht’); native speaker review required at every occurrence.
Grace
Approved rendering: Gnade
Transliteration: Gnade
Doctrine: Grace
Rejected alternatives: Barmherzigkeit, Wohlwollen
Original: χάρις
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. 1 Timothy 1:2, 14; 6:21. Grounds Paul’s own testimony as the letter’s paradigm case for grace apart from merit (1:15-16).
Husband Of One Wife
Approved rendering: Mann einer Frau
Transliteration: mias gynaikos andra
Doctrine: Qualifications for Church Leadership
Rejected alternatives: seiner Frau treu (resolves the interpretive ambiguity prematurely)
Original: μιᾶς γυναικὸς ἄνδρα
Category: Church Leadership
NEW. 1 Timothy 3:2, 12; parallel female form ‘Frau eines einzigen Mannes’ at 5:9 (see dedicated entry below). Render literally without resolving the polygamy-prohibition / remarriage-restriction / general-fidelity interpretive debate. Intersects live EKD-versus-Freikirche/Catholic-adjacent divergence on divorced-and-remarried candidates.
Law
Approved rendering: Gesetz
Transliteration: Gesetz
Doctrine: Fulfillment of Prophecy
Original: νόμος
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. 1 Timothy 1:8-9, ‘das Gesetz ist gut, wenn man es gesetzmäßig gebraucht’ — requires careful framing so the law’s affirmed goodness here does not read as contradicting the letter’s anti-speculative, anti-legalistic drift (1:4-7).
Love Of Money
Approved rendering: Geiz / Geldgier
Transliteration: philargyria
Doctrine: Godliness and Contentment
Original: φιλαργυρία
Category: Godliness and Contentment
NEW. 1 Timothy 6:10. Among the most widely known proverbial verses from this book in German cultural memory (‘Geiz ist eine Wurzel alles Übels,’ Luther tradition). Preserve the Greek’s indefinite article (‘eine Wurzel,’ not ‘die Wurzel’). Flag for theologian sign-off on the traditional-recognizable (‘Geiz’) vs. literal (‘Geldgier’) register choice.
Mystery Of Christ
Approved rendering: Geheimnis
Transliteration: Geheimnis
Doctrine: The Mystery of Christ
Inherited from Ephesians package via Romans-curriculum baseline, unchanged root term. Reused twice in 1 Timothy in compound form: ‘das Geheimnis des Glaubens’ (3:9) and ‘das Geheimnis der Frömmigkeit’ (3:16) — see those dedicated entries below. Qualify against the lighter German ‘secret’ connotation on first occurrence.
Mystery Of The Faith
Approved rendering: das Geheimnis des Glaubens
Transliteration: to mysterion tes pisteos
Doctrine: Qualifications for Church Leadership
Original: τὸ μυστήριον τῆς πίστεως
Category: Church Leadership
NEW. 1 Timothy 3:9. Deacon candidates must hold this ‘with a clean conscience.’ Qualify against the lighter German ‘secret’ connotation on first occurrence, per the existing baseline instruction; ties deacon qualification directly to the Sound Doctrine doctrine.
Pillar And Buttress Of Truth
Approved rendering: Pfeiler und Grundfeste der Wahrheit
Transliteration: stylos kai hedraioma tes aletheias
Doctrine: The Church as Pillar of Truth
Rejected alternatives: Grund der Wahrheit (loses the double architectural-support imagery)
Original: στῦλος καὶ ἑδραίωμα τῆς ἀληθείας
Category: Church
NEW. 1 Timothy 3:15. Fixed two-word compound retaining both the vertical-pillar and foundation/base images. Guard against a triumphalist ecclesiology (church as truth’s source/guarantor) rather than the text’s actual claim (support and display of a truth belonging to ‘the living God’).
Ransom For All
Approved rendering: Lösegeld für alle
Transliteration: antilytron hyper panton
Doctrine: Christ as the One Mediator
Rejected alternatives: zur Erlösung für alle (standard Luther-Bible rendering at this specific verse, flagged tension)
Original: ἀντίλυτρον ὑπὲρ πάντων
Category: Salvation
NEW. 1 Timothy 2:6. Reuses the baseline’s established ‘Lösegeld’ vocabulary (Matthew 20:28/Mark 10:45) for cross-book consistency. Flag for theologian sign-off given the genuine tension between this curriculum’s cross-book Lösegeld-consistency discipline and the mainstream Luther-tradition rendering at this exact verse.
Salvation
Approved rendering: Rettung
Transliteration: Rettung
Doctrine: Salvation
Rejected alternatives: Heil (Nazi-era contamination risk), Erlösung (more existential/liberation-flavored)
Original: σωτηρία root / σῴζω
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. This letter contains the curriculum’s most concentrated cluster of universal-scope salvation language (1:1, 15; 2:4, 6; 4:10). The Heil-avoidance rule applies with the same force here, and the existing Lutheran/Reformed election-fault-line caution is intensified by this concentration.
Slaves And Masters
Approved rendering: Sklaven / Herren
Transliteration: Sklaven / Herren
Doctrine: Household Code: Slaves and Masters
Original: δοῦλοι / δεσπόται
Category: Household Code
Inherited from Ephesians/Colossians packages via Romans-curriculum baseline, unchanged. 1 Timothy 6:1-2, with a distinctive added instruction (v.2) that slaves of believing masters should serve even more faithfully as ‘beloved brothers’ — surface as a further nuance without softening the mandatory historical-distancing framing.
Sound Doctrine
Approved rendering: gesunde Lehre
Transliteration: hygiainousa didaskalia / hygiainontes logoi
Doctrine: Sound Doctrine versus False Teaching
Rejected alternatives: heilsame Lehre (shares the Heil-root already flagged Nazi-era-sensitive elsewhere in this curriculum; not forbidden, but flagged)
Original: ὑγιαίνουσα διδασκαλία / ὑγιαίνοντες λόγοι
Category: Sound Doctrine
NEW. 1 Timothy 1:10; 6:3. Key recurring term-family for this letter’s central doctrinal concern. Chosen from the etymologically distinct ‘gesund’ family specifically to sidestep unnecessary reader hesitation around the Heil-root. Native speaker review recommended to confirm consistent application.
Trustworthy Saying
Approved rendering: Das Wort ist gewiss / Zuverlässig ist das Wort
Transliteration: pistos ho logos
Doctrine: Sound Doctrine versus False Teaching
Original: πιστὸς ὁ λόγος
Category: Faith
NEW. Fixed formula occurring at 1:15; 3:1; 4:9. Must render identically at every occurrence within this book, matching the cross-document consistency discipline already established for Romans 10:9 and Romans 8:28.
Worship Of Angels
Approved rendering: Verehrung der Engel
Transliteration: Verehrung der Engel
Doctrine: Freedom from Religious Regulations
Inherited from Colossians package via Romans-curriculum baseline, unchanged. Conceptual cross-reference for 1 Timothy 6:20’s ‘fälschlich sogenannte Erkenntnis,’ part of the same proto-Gnostic false-teaching complex; valuable cross-reference for German history-of-religions (religionsgeschichtliche Schule) teaching material.
Medium Risk Terms
Able To Teach
Approved rendering: lehrfähig
Transliteration: didaktikos
Doctrine: Qualifications for Church Leadership
Rejected alternatives: gebildet (too generic, means merely ‘educated’)
Original: διδακτικός
Category: Church Leadership
NEW. 1 Timothy 3:2. Must not be watered down to general education; this is specifically teaching competence in sound doctrine, tying the office to the Sound Doctrine doctrine.
Above Reproach
Approved rendering: untadelig
Transliteration: anepilemptos
Doctrine: Qualifications for Church Leadership
Original: ἀνεπίλημπτος
Category: Church Leadership
NEW. 1 Timothy 3:2; 6:14. Guard against a perfectionistic (‘sündlos’) misreading — reputational blamelessness, not moral perfection.
Appearing Of Christ
Approved rendering: Erscheinung
Transliteration: epiphaneia
Doctrine: Christ as the One Mediator
Original: ἐπιφάνεια
Category: Christology
NEW. 1 Timothy 6:14. Technical NT term for Christ’s future visible return; distinct from the everyday secular German ‘Erscheinung’ (mere appearance/phenomenon). Gloss explicitly on first occurrence, per the baseline’s existing pattern for Geheimnis and Vorsehung.
Boldness
Approved rendering: Freimütigkeit / Zuversicht
Transliteration: parrhesia
Doctrine: Qualifications for Church Leadership
Original: παρρησία
Category: Church Leadership
NEW. 1 Timothy 3:13. Bold, confident, unashamed approach ‘in the faith that is in Christ Jesus,’ an experiential fruit of proven diaconal ministry.
Called
Approved rendering: berufen
Transliteration: berufen
Doctrine: Divine Calling
Original: κλητός / κλέω root (ἐκλήθης)
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. 1 Timothy 6:12, effectual-calling-to-salvation sense, parallel to Romans 8:28-30. Distinct from the generic-age or office senses of the unrelated ‘presbyteros’ word family used elsewhere in this letter.
Calling
Approved rendering: Berufung
Transliteration: Berufung
Doctrine: Divine Calling
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. No direct noun-form occurrence isolated in 1 Timothy but retained for cross-book consistency with the ‘berufen’ verb usage at 6:12.
Condemnation Of The Devil
Approved rendering: dem Gericht des Teufels verfallen
Transliteration: krima tou diabolou
Doctrine: Qualifications for Church Leadership
Original: κρίμα τοῦ διαβόλου
Category: Church Leadership
NEW. 1 Timothy 3:6. Genuinely disputed between (a) the same judgment the devil himself fell under through pride, and (b) condemnation brought about by the devil’s own accusation; preserve the ambiguity rather than resolving it.
Conscience
Approved rendering: Gewissen
Transliteration: syneidesis
Doctrine: Sound Doctrine versus False Teaching
Original: συνείδησις
Category: Sound Doctrine
NEW. 1 Timothy 1:5, 19; 3:9; 4:2. German ‘Gewissen’ carries substantial post-Kantian philosophical freight (the autonomous rational moral conscience of Enlightenment ethics) that can subtly secularize the biblical sense of a conscience answerable to God. Native speaker review recommended.
Creature Of God Is Good
Approved rendering: jedes Geschöpf Gottes ist gut
Transliteration: pan ktisma theou kalon
Doctrine: Godliness and Contentment
Original: πᾶν κτίσμα θεοῦ καλόν
Category: Godliness and Contentment
NEW. 1 Timothy 4:4. Direct cross-book parallel to the baseline’s ‘nothing_outside_defiles’ (Mark 7:15, 19); a valuable teaching-material connection affirming creation’s goodness against ascetic legalism.
Desire To Be Rich
Approved rendering: die reich werden wollen
Transliteration: boulomenoi ploutein
Doctrine: Godliness and Contentment
NEW. 1 Timothy 6:9. Reuses the παγίς (‘Schlinge/Fallstrick’) imagery from 3:7, here a snare of the desire for wealth itself rather than direct satanic agency.
Doxology Eternal King
Approved rendering: dem König der Ewigkeit, dem Unsterblichen, Unsichtbaren, dem alleinigen Gott
Transliteration: basilei ton aionon, aphtharto, aorato, mono theo
Doctrine: Christ as the One Mediator
Original: βασιλεῖ τῶν αἰώνων, ἀφθάρτῳ, ἀοράτῳ, μόνῳ θεῷ
Category: God
NEW. 1 Timothy 1:17. Compact doxological formula stacking four divine attributes, echoed and expanded at 6:15-16; standard doxological vocabulary, no specific German cultural-collision risk beyond internal consistency.
Faith
Approved rendering: Glaube
Transliteration: Glaube
Doctrine: Faith
Rejected alternatives: Weltanschauung
Original: πίστις
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Extremely high frequency in 1 Timothy (1:2, 5, 14, 19; 2:7, 15; 3:9, 13; 4:1, 6, 12; 5:8, 12; 6:10-12, 21). Reviewers must track whether a given occurrence denotes personal trust or the objective deposit of apostolic teaching (‘der Glaube’ as a body of doctrine, cf. 4:1).
Falsely Called Knowledge
Approved rendering: fälschlich sogenannte Erkenntnis
Transliteration: pseudonymos gnosis
Doctrine: Sound Doctrine versus False Teaching
Rejected alternatives: Gnosis (technically accurate but may confuse general readers with the later movement’s proper name)
Original: ψευδώνυμος γνῶσις
Category: Sound Doctrine
NEW. 1 Timothy 6:20. The New Testament’s earliest explicit warning against what would develop into full-blown Gnosticism; valuable cross-reference to the Colossians package’s proto-Gnostic false-teaching material.
Father
Approved rendering: Vater
Transliteration: Vater
Doctrine: Adoption into God’s Family
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Implicit throughout 1 Timothy’s Trinitarian doxological language (1:1-2; 1:17; 6:15-16); no explicit ‘adoption’ (Kindschaft) theme in this letter.
Flee Pursue Formula
Approved rendering: fliehe / jage nach
Transliteration: pheuge / dioke
Doctrine: Guarding the Deposit of Faith
NEW. 1 Timothy 6:11. Virtue-vice contrast formula introducing the closing charge to Timothy, including reused ‘Gerechtigkeit,’ ‘Glaube,’ and ‘Frömmigkeit’ vocabulary.
Glory
Approved rendering: Herrlichkeit
Transliteration: Herrlichkeit
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Original: δόξα
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. 1 Timothy 1:11, 17; 3:16 (‘aufgenommen in die Herrlichkeit’).
God
Approved rendering: Gott
Transliteration: Gott
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Original: θεός
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. 1 Timothy is distinctive in applying ‘Savior’ language to God the Father at least as often as to Christ (1:1; 2:3; 4:10); do not assume ‘Retter’ always denotes Christ specifically in this letter.
Good Fight Of Faith
Approved rendering: der gute Kampf des Glaubens
Transliteration: ton kalon agona tes pisteos
Doctrine: Guarding the Deposit of Faith
Original: τὸν καλὸν ἀγῶνα τῆς πίστεως
Category: Faith
NEW. 1 Timothy 6:12. Reuses established ‘Glaube’ and ‘berufen’ vocabulary; charge to Timothy to fight faith’s good contest and take hold of eternal life.
Good Standing
Approved rendering: eine gute Stellung / einen guten Stand
Transliteration: bathmon kalon
Doctrine: Qualifications for Church Leadership
Original: βαθμὸν … καλόν
Category: Church Leadership
NEW. 1 Timothy 3:13. Guard against a career-ladder/promotion misreading in German church culture (Vikariat, Pfarrdienst).
Greedy For Dishonest Gain
Approved rendering: nicht auf schändlichen Gewinn aus
Transliteration: aischrokerdes
Doctrine: Qualifications for Church Leadership
Original: αἰσχροκερδής
Category: Church Leadership
NEW. 1 Timothy 3:8. Keep distinguishable from ‘not_a_lover_of_money’ so the German reader can see this is a distinct, method-specific vice (dishonest gain), directly protecting against embezzlement of the widow-support fund.
Holy Spirit
Approved rendering: Heiliger Geist
Transliteration: Heiliger Geist
Doctrine: Sanctification
Original: πνεῦμα
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. 1 Timothy 3:16 (‘gerechtfertigt im Geist’). Must be clearly distinguished in translation and capitalization from the unrelated ‘deceitful spirits’ (Geister) of 4:1.
Holy
Approved rendering: heilig
Transliteration: heilig
Doctrine: Sanctification
Rejected alternatives: rein
Original: ὅσιος (ὁσίους χεῖρας)
Category: Sanctification
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. 1 Timothy 2:8, ‘heilige Hände’ (posture of prayer) — a gesture/posture use, distinct from but consistent with the baseline’s personal-holiness sense.
Household Management
Approved rendering: leiten / vorstehen
Transliteration: proistamenon / proestotes
Doctrine: Qualifications for Church Leadership
Original: προϊστάμενον / προεστῶτες
Category: Church Leadership
NEW. 1 Timothy 3:4, 5, 12; 5:17. Keep the same German verb consistent across all four occurrences, preserving the deliberate household-to-church leadership analogy the Greek text builds.
Intercession
Approved rendering: Fürbitte
Transliteration: Fürbitte
Doctrine: Prayer and Intercession
Original: ἔντευξις / ἐντεύξεις
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. 1 Timothy 2:1, one of a fourfold prayer-vocabulary set. The extension to civil authorities (2:2) carries added German-specific weight via the Barmen Declaration; frame as principled peace-seeking prayer, never uncritical political quietism.
Laying On Of Hands
Approved rendering: Handauflegung
Transliteration: epithesis ton cheiron
Doctrine: Qualifications for Church Leadership
Original: ἐπίθεσις τῶν χειρῶν
Category: Church Leadership
NEW. 1 Timothy 4:14; 5:22. Still-living liturgical practice across German Catholic, Lutheran, and Free church ordination liturgies today (Ordination mit Handauflegung).
Messiah
Approved rendering: Messias
Transliteration: Messias
Doctrine: Messianic Promise
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Not used as a bare title in 1 Timothy (Christus functions as Jesus’ proper name throughout), but retained for cross-book consistency; see ‘christ_title’ below for this letter’s specific high-frequency Christological usage.
Mission
Approved rendering: Mission
Transliteration: Mission
Doctrine: Mission to the Nations
Original: διδάσκαλος ἐθνῶν (mission sense)
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. 1 Timothy 2:7, Paul’s self-description as ‘Lehrer der Heiden.‘
Modesty
Approved rendering: Schamhaftigkeit
Transliteration: aidos
Doctrine: Public Worship and Prayer
Original: αἰδώς
Category: Household Code
NEW. 1 Timothy 2:9. Teaching material should address the underlying principle (character priority over external display) rather than a literal contemporary-dress-code application, since first-century status-display markers do not map identically onto contemporary German dress culture.
Myths And Genealogies
Approved rendering: Mythen und endlose Geschlechtsregister
Transliteration: mythoi kai genealogiai aperantoi
Doctrine: Sound Doctrine versus False Teaching
Original: μῦθοι καὶ γενεαλογίαι ἀπέραντοι
Category: Sound Doctrine
NEW. 1 Timothy 1:4. Guard against a blanket anti-intellectualism misreading given Germany’s historically strong theological-academic culture; the criticism targets speculative, faith-eroding content, not learning or scholarship as such.
Not A Lover Of Money
Approved rendering: nicht geldgierig
Transliteration: aphilargyros
Doctrine: Qualifications for Church Leadership
Original: ἀφιλάργυρος
Category: Godliness and Contentment
NEW. 1 Timothy 3:3. Keep consistent with the ‘love_of_money’ rendering choice above so the 3:3/6:10 thematic echo remains visible to German readers.
Sanctification
Approved rendering: Heiligung
Transliteration: Heiligung
Doctrine: Sanctification
Original: ἁγιασμός
Category: Sanctification
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. 1 Timothy 2:15, within the qualifying clause of the difficult ‘saved through childbearing’ verse; must not be isolated from that verse’s larger interpretive caution.
Savior Our
Approved rendering: unser Retter
Transliteration: soter hemon
Doctrine: Public Worship and Prayer
NEW. 1 Timothy 1:1; 2:3, applied to God the Father as often as to Christ (1:15) in this letter — a distinctive Trinitarian nuance worth flagging so ‘Retter’ is not assumed to always denote Christ specifically in this book.
Sin
Approved rendering: Sünde
Transliteration: Sünde
Doctrine: Universal Human Accountability
Original: ἁμαρτία / ἁμαρτωλός
Category: Sin
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. 1 Timothy 1:9, 15. Guard against colloquial trivialization softening Paul’s own severe self-description as ‘foremost’ of sinners, the paradigm case underlying the letter’s universal-scope salvation statements.
Slave Traders
Approved rendering: Menschenhändler
Transliteration: andrapodistai
Doctrine: Sound Doctrine versus False Teaching
Original: ἀνδραποδισταί
Category: Sin
NEW. 1 Timothy 1:9-10, within the vice list. Explicit condemnation of the slave trade stands in a notable internal tension worth surfacing for teaching material, given that 6:1-2 regulates rather than abolishes the institution of slavery itself — relevant to the already-flagged Household Code: Slaves and Masters doctrine.
Spiritual Gifts
Approved rendering: Gnadengaben
Transliteration: Gnadengaben
Doctrine: Spiritual Gifts
Rejected alternatives: geistliche Gaben (looser)
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. 1 Timothy 4:14, singular ‘die Gnadengabe… die dir gegeben ist durch Weissagung und Handauflegung’ — Timothy’s own ordination gift.
Teachings Of Demons
Approved rendering: Lehren von Dämonen
Transliteration: didaskaliais daimonion
Doctrine: Sound Doctrine versus False Teaching
Original: διδασκαλίαις δαιμονίων
Category: Sound Doctrine
NEW. 1 Timothy 4:1. Preserve the text’s own supernatural framing against demythologizing pressure from Germany’s strong historisch-kritische theological tradition; do not silently reduce to psychological/sociological categories.
Train For Godliness
Approved rendering: übe dich in der Frömmigkeit
Transliteration: gymnaze seauton pros eusebeian
Doctrine: Godliness and Contentment
Original: γύμναζε σεαυτὸν πρὸς εὐσέβειαν
Category: Godliness and Contentment
NEW. 1 Timothy 4:7. Athletic-training metaphor (source of English ‘gymnasium’); inherits the ‘Frömmigkeit’/godliness flag above.
Two Or Three Witnesses
Approved rendering: zwei oder drei Zeugen
Transliteration: dyo e trion martyron
Doctrine: Qualifications for Church Leadership
NEW. 1 Timothy 5:19. Procedural safeguard for elder discipline, echoing Deuteronomy 19:15; contemporary relevance to church-discipline and safeguarding procedure design.
Widow
Approved rendering: Witwe
Transliteration: chera
Doctrine: Care for Widows and the Household of Faith
Original: χήρα
Category: Widows and Care
NEW. 1 Timothy 5:3-16. Cultural-relevance note: Germany’s statutory Witwenrente has largely absorbed the acute first-century economic vulnerability this passage assumes; teaching material must draw out the underlying principle of the church’s binding responsibility for its vulnerable members.
Low Risk Terms
Apostle
Approved rendering: Apostel
Transliteration: Apostel
Doctrine: Apostleship
Original: ἀπόστολος
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. 1 Timothy 1:1; 2:7.
Blameless Tested
Approved rendering: unbescholten / untadelig
Transliteration: anenkletos
Doctrine: Qualifications for Church Leadership
Original: ἀνέγκλητος
Category: Church Leadership
NEW. 1 Timothy 3:10. Near-synonym of ‘above_reproach,’ the goal-state after a deacon’s period of testing.
Dignity
Approved rendering: Würde / achtbar
Transliteration: semnotes / semnos
Doctrine: Qualifications for Church Leadership
Original: σεμνότης / σεμνός
Category: Church Leadership
NEW. 1 Timothy 3:4, 8, 11. A weighty, respect-commanding demeanor applied to household management and to deacon and enrolled-women candidates.
Double Tongued
Approved rendering: nicht doppelzüngig
Transliteration: dilogos
Doctrine: Qualifications for Church Leadership
Original: δίλογος
Category: Church Leadership
NEW. 1 Timothy 3:8. Insincerity, saying different things to different people, distinct from simple lying.
Elder Age
Approved rendering: ein älterer Mann / eine ältere Frau
Transliteration: presbyteros/presbytera (age sense)
Doctrine: Qualifications for Church Leadership
Original: πρεσβύτερος (age sense)
Category: Household Code
NEW. 1 Timothy 5:1-2. Non-technical, generic age-reference sense, paired with ‘younger men/women’; must be disambiguated from the office-sense entry above.
Exhort
Approved rendering: ermahnen
Transliteration: ermahnen
Doctrine: Mutual Edification
Original: παρακαλέω / παράκλησις
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. 1 Timothy 4:13 (public ‘Ermahnung’ alongside Scripture-reading and teaching, leaning toward the encouragement sense) and 5:1 (‘ermahne’ an older man as a father).
Gentle
Approved rendering: gütig
Transliteration: epieikes
Doctrine: Qualifications for Church Leadership
Original: ἐπιεικής
Category: Church Leadership
NEW. 1 Timothy 3:3. Yielding, forbearing gentleness, not insisting rigidly on one’s own rights.
Given To Wine
Approved rendering: nicht dem Wein zugetan
Transliteration: paroinos
Doctrine: Qualifications for Church Leadership
Original: πάροινος
Category: Church Leadership
NEW. 1 Timothy 3:3, 8. Note the non-contradictory tension with the permitted medicinal wine use at 5:23; flag for teaching material so this is not read as blanket teetotalism.
Gospel
Approved rendering: Evangelium
Transliteration: Evangelium
Doctrine: Gospel
Original: εὐαγγέλιον
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. 1 Timothy 1:11, ‘das Evangelium von der Herrlichkeit des seligen Gottes.‘
Hospitable
Approved rendering: gastfreundlich
Transliteration: philoxenos
Doctrine: Qualifications for Church Leadership
Original: φιλόξενος
Category: Church Leadership
NEW. 1 Timothy 3:2. Concrete, costly openness to travelers and outsiders, of high practical importance in a house-church context.
Jesus
Approved rendering: Jesus
Transliteration: Jesus
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Original: Ἰησοῦς
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Throughout 1 Timothy, typically in the compound ‘Christus Jesus’ / ‘Jesus Christus.‘
Man Of God
Approved rendering: Mann Gottes
Transliteration: anthropos theou
Doctrine: Guarding the Deposit of Faith
Original: ἄνθρωπος θεοῦ
Category: Faith
NEW. 1 Timothy 6:11. OT-echoing honorific title (Moses, Elijah, other prophetic figures), applied here to Timothy personally.
New Convert
Approved rendering: Neubekehrter
Transliteration: neophytos
Doctrine: Qualifications for Church Leadership
Original: νεόφυτος
Category: Church Leadership
NEW. 1 Timothy 3:6. Source of the English loanword ‘neophyte’; excludes recent converts from the overseer office to guard against pride from premature elevation.
Peaceable
Approved rendering: nicht streitsüchtig
Transliteration: amachos
Doctrine: Qualifications for Church Leadership
Original: ἄμαχος
Category: Church Leadership
NEW. 1 Timothy 3:3. Directly counters the false teachers’ quarrelsome disposition (cf. 1:4; 6:4-5).
Prophecy
Approved rendering: Weissagung
Transliteration: Weissagung
Doctrine: Fulfillment of Prophecy
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. 1 Timothy 4:14, describing the prophetic word accompanying Timothy’s ordination via laying on of hands.
Respectable
Approved rendering: ehrbar
Transliteration: kosmios
Doctrine: Qualifications for Church Leadership
Original: κόσμιος
Category: Church Leadership
NEW. 1 Timothy 3:2; 2:9. Outwardly well-ordered, socially respectable conduct.
Self Controlled
Approved rendering: besonnen / Besonnenheit
Transliteration: sophron / sophrosyne
Doctrine: Qualifications for Church Leadership
Original: σώφρων / σωφροσύνη
Category: Church Leadership
NEW. 1 Timothy 3:2; 2:9, 15. Disciplined, well-ordered inner life; a cardinal Greco-Roman and NT virtue.
Snare Of The Devil
Approved rendering: Fallstrick des Teufels
Transliteration: pagis tou diabolou
Doctrine: Qualifications for Church Leadership
Original: παγὶς τοῦ διαβόλου
Category: Church Leadership
NEW. 1 Timothy 3:7. Concrete hunting/fowling-trap image, distinct from the ‘condemnation’ image of 3:6.
Sober Minded
Approved rendering: nüchtern
Transliteration: nephalios
Doctrine: Qualifications for Church Leadership
Original: νηφάλιος
Category: Church Leadership
NEW. 1 Timothy 3:2, 11. German ‘nüchtern’ naturally preserves both the literal-sobriety and figurative clear-headedness senses.
Violent
Approved rendering: nicht gewalttätig
Transliteration: plektes
Doctrine: Qualifications for Church Leadership
Original: πλήκτης
Category: Church Leadership
NEW. 1 Timothy 3:3. Physically violent or pugnacious temperament, excluded from spiritual leadership.
Referenced passages