Core Glossary
08 Core Glossary — 1 Corinthians (English → Burmese)
This glossary consolidates every load-bearing term identified in 07_semantic_analysis.md, covering the entire book of 1 Corinthians (chapters 1–16) and giving full verse-level detail for the core passage (15:1–11). Terms marked (TM reuse) already exist in the baseline Romans translation_memory.json / bible_term_registry.json and MUST be rendered exactly as recorded there — no alternative renderings are permitted. Terms marked (NEW) are proposed additions for translation_memory.json and require formal addition (with version increment) before Phase 2 translation proceeds, per the baseline’s Translation Memory Load and Enforcement Instructions.
Risk tiers follow the baseline doctrine_risk_registry.json definitions (Critical / High / Medium / Low) and drive the same review routing: Critical/High → human theologian review; Medium → native speaker review; Low → automated review.
Reused Terms (from Romans baseline — apply exactly as recorded)
| English Term | Greek | Burmese Term | Risk | Doctrine(s) in 1 Corinthians | Key Chapters |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| gospel | εὐαγγέλιον | သတင်းကောင်း | High | The Cross as Wisdom and Power; core passage | 1, 9, 15 |
| grace | χάρις | ကျေးဇူးတော် | Critical | Resurrection; apostolic calling | 1, 3, 15, 16 |
| faith | πίστις | ယုံကြည်ခြင်း | Medium | Love as the Greater Way; core passage | 2, 12, 13, 15, 16 |
| righteousness | δικαιοσύνη | ဖြောင့်မတ်ခြင်း | Critical | Church Discipline and Holiness | 1, 6 |
| justification | δικαίωσις | ဖြောင့်မတ်ရာသို့ ရောက်ခြင်း | Critical | Church Discipline and Holiness | 6 |
| salvation | σωτηρία | ကယ်တင်ခြင်း | Critical | Core passage | 1, 15 |
| apostle | ἀπόστολος | တမန်တော် | Medium | Christian Unity; core passage | 1, 4, 9, 12, 15 |
| called | κλητός | ခေါ်တော်မူသော | High | Christian Unity; core passage | 1, 15 |
| calling | κλῆσις | ခေါ်တော်မူခြင်း | High | Christian Unity; Marriage and Singleness | 1, 7 |
| holy | ἅγιος | သန့်ရှင်းသော | High | Church Discipline and Holiness | 1, 3, 6, 7 |
| saints | ἅγιοι | သန့်ရှင်းသူများ | High | Christian Unity | 1, 6 |
| sanctification | ἁγιασμός | သန့်ရှင်းခြင်း | High | Church Discipline and Holiness | 1, 6 |
| resurrection | ἀνάστασις | ထမြောက်ခြင်း | Critical | The Resurrection of Christ and Believers; core passage | 15 (entire) |
| lord | κύριος | သခင် | Critical | The Cross as Wisdom and Power; Lord’s Supper; core passage | throughout, esp. 8, 10, 11, 15, 16 |
| church | ἐκκλησία | အသင်းတော် | Medium | Christian Unity; Body of Christ; core passage | 1, 3, 11, 12, 14, 15, 16 |
| covenant | διαθήκη | ပဋိညာဉ် | High | The Lord’s Supper | 11 |
| sin | ἁμαρτία | အပြစ် | High | Core passage; Church Discipline | 6, 15 |
| glory | δόξα | ဘုန်းတော် | High | The Cross as Wisdom and Power | 2, 10, 11 |
| spiritual_gifts | χαρίσματα | ဝိညာဉ်ဆုကျေးဇူး | Medium | Spiritual Gifts and the Body of Christ | 7, 12, 14 |
| fellowship | κοινωνία | မိတ်သဟာယ | Low (High in Lord’s Supper context — see ch.10 note) | The Lord’s Supper; Christian Liberty | 1, 10 |
| power_of_god | δύναμις θεοῦ | ဘုရားသခင်၏တန်ခိုးတော် | High | The Cross as Wisdom and Power | 1, 2 |
| prophecy | προφητεία | ပရောဖက်ပြုချက် | Low/High | Order in Worship | 12, 13, 14 |
| god | θεός | ဘုရားသခင် | Critical | throughout | throughout |
| jesus | Ἰησοῦς | ယေရှု | Critical | throughout | throughout |
| holy_spirit | πνεῦμα ἅγιον | သန့်ရှင်းသောဝိညာဉ်တော် | Critical | Spiritual Gifts and the Body of Christ | 2, 3, 6, 12, 14 |
| exhort | παρακαλέω | တိုက်တွန်းနှိုးဆော်ခြင်း | Low | pastoral appeals | 1, 4, 16 |
| thanksgiving | εὐχαριστία | ကျေးဇူးတင်ခြင်း | Low | Lord’s Supper | 1, 11, 14 |
New Terms Identified in 1 Corinthians (proposed additions to translation memory)
| # | English Gloss | Greek / Transliteration | Burmese Term | Burmese Transliteration | Risk | Doctrine | Chapter(s) | Rationale Summary |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | division / schism | σχίσμα (schisma) | စိတ်ဝမ်းကွဲပြားခြင်း | seit-wan-kwepyar-chin | High | Christian Unity vs. Factionalism | 1 | Rejected ဂိုဏ်းကွဲမှု (sectarian-order connotation from Buddhist monastic nikaya usage) |
| 2 | wisdom (of God) | σοφία (sophia) | ပညာတော် / ဘုရားသခင်၏ပညာတော် | pyinnya-taw | Critical | Cross as Wisdom and Power | 1, 2 | ပညာ = exact term for Buddhist paññā (self-attained liberating insight); must always be qualified as God’s own revealed wisdom |
| 3 | foolishness | μωρία (mōria) | မိုက်မဲခြင်း | mite-mè-chin | Medium | Cross as Wisdom and Power | 1 | Held in tension with wisdom; the cross is “foolish” to those without the Spirit |
| 4 | cross | σταυρός (stauros) | လက်ဝါးကပ်တိုင် | let-war-kat-tai | High | Cross as Wisdom and Power | 1 | Established Myanmar Christian term; must retain execution-shame + saving-power paradox |
| 5 | boasting | καύχημα (kauchēma) | ကြွားဝါခြင်း | kywarwar-chin | Low | Christian Unity | 1 | Redirected to boasting “in the Lord” only |
| 6 | spiritual person | πνευματικός (pneumatikos) | ဝိညာဉ်ရေးရာလူ | weinnyin-yayyar-lu | High | Cross as Wisdom and Power | 2 | Person indwelt/led by the (personal) Holy Spirit, not a self-cultivated meditative state |
| 7 | natural / soulish person | ψυχικός (psychikos) | ဝိညာဉ်ကိုမခံယူရသေးသောလူ | weinnyin-ko-ma-khan-yu-yathe-thaw-lu | High | Cross as Wisdom and Power | 2 | Diagnostic category: lacking the Spirit, paired directly against πνευματικός |
| 8 | mystery | μυστήριον (mystērion) | နက်နဲသောအရာတော် | nak-nè-thaw-aya-taw | Medium | Cross as Wisdom and Power | 2, 4 | Distinguish from esoteric occult “secret knowledge” (astrology, weizza practice) |
| 9 | temple (of God/Spirit) | ναός (naos) | ဗိမာန်တော် | bimantaw | Critical | Church Discipline; Christian Unity | 3, 6 | Applied to church/body corporately/individually; distinguish from a pagoda shrine |
| 10 | foundation | θεμέλιος (themelios) | အုတ်မြစ် | oht-myit | Low | Christian Unity | 3 | Christ alone as sole foundation |
| 11 | fleshly | σαρκικός (sarkikos) | ဇာတိပကတိဆိုင်ရာ | zarti-pakati-saing-yar | Medium | Christian Unity | 3 | Moral-spiritual orientation, not mere physicality |
| 12 | servant | ὑπηρέτης (hypēretēs) | အစေခံ | a-say-khan | Low | Apostolic Ministry | 4 | Servant under Christ’s direction |
| 13 | steward | οἰκονόμος (oikonomos) | ဘဏ္ဍာစိုး | banda-soe | Medium | Apostolic Ministry | 4 | Entrusted responsibility, accountable to God, not ownership |
| 14 | judge / discipline | κρίνω (krinō) | စစ်ဆေးစီရင်ခြင်း | sit-say-si-yin-chin | Medium-High | Church Discipline and Holiness | 4, 5, 6 | Context-sensitive: eschatological judgment (ch.4) vs. congregational discipline (ch.5–6) |
| 15 | imitators | μιμηταί (mimētai) | အတုယူသူများ | a-tu-yu-thu-myar | Low | Christian Unity | 4 | Imitating Paul’s Christ-centered example, not forming a personality faction |
| 16 | sexual immorality | πορνεία (porneia) | မတရားသောမေထုန် | matayar-thaw-mayithun | High | Church Discipline and Holiness | 5, 6 | Established Myanmar Bible term; requires communal-discipline framing |
| 17 | leaven | ζύμη (zymē) | တဆေး | dahswè | Low | Church Discipline and Holiness | 5 | Sin’s pervasive spread through the church “lump” |
| 18 | Passover | πάσχα (pascha) | ပသခါ | pasakha | Critical | Church Discipline and Holiness | 5 | Christ as fulfillment of Passover lamb; requires OT sacrificial background teaching |
| 19 | body | σῶμα (sōma) | ကိုယ်ခန္ဓာ(တော်) | koe-khanda(-taw) | Critical | Church Discipline; Lord’s Supper; Resurrection | 6, 11, 15 | Body has abiding dignity, Spirit-indwelt, destined for resurrection — not to be transcended/escaped |
| 20 | bought with a price | ἀγοράζω / τιμή | ရွေးနှင်းခြင်း / ဖိုးငွေဖြင့်ဝယ်ယူတော်မူသည် | ywe-hnin-chin | Critical | Church Discipline and Holiness | 6 | Christ’s atoning death as redemption price; not self-purchased/self-earned liberation |
| 21 | marriage | γάμος / γαμέω | အိမ်ထောင်ပြုခြင်း | ein-htaung-pyu-chin | Medium | Marriage and Singleness | 7 | Good creation gift entered “in the Lord,” not a sacrament nor merely civil arrangement |
| 22 | virgin / unmarried | παρθένος (parthenos) | အပျို | a-pyo | Medium | Marriage and Singleness | 7 | Distinguish from vowed monastic celibacy (merit-based renunciation) |
| 23 | self-control | ἐγκράτεια (enkrateia) | မိမိကိုယ်ကိုချုပ်တည်းခြင်း | mimi-koyu-gou-hkyoat-tè-chin | Medium | Marriage and Singleness | 7, 9 | Spirit-enabled virtue within ordinary life, not ascetic merit technique |
| 24 | divorce / separate | χωρίζω / ἀπολύω | ကွာရှင်းခြင်း | kwar-shin-chin | High | Marriage and Singleness | 7 | Pastoral exceptions distinct from general permission; culturally sensitive |
| 25 | idol | εἴδωλον (eidōlon) | ရုပ်တု | youtu | Critical | Christian Liberty and Idol Meat | 8, 10 | Targets false-god images (Greco-Roman cult objects); precision needed to avoid indiscriminate insult to Buddhist devotional images while preserving strict monotheism |
| 26 | food offered to idols | εἰδωλόθυτον (eidōlothyton) | ရုပ်တုအား ပူဇော်ထားသော အစားအစာ | youtu-ar-pusaw-htar-thaw-asarasar | Critical | Christian Liberty and Idol Meat | 8 | Direct functional parallel to nat-offering food and Buddhist merit-food offerings; governed by love, not taboo |
| 27 | knowledge | γνῶσις (gnōsis) | အသိပညာ | a-thi-pyinnya | Medium | Christian Liberty and Idol Meat | 8 | Must be held in tension with love (ch.13) |
| 28 | conscience | συνείδησις (syneidēsis) | သိစိတ် | thi-seit | Medium | Christian Liberty and Idol Meat | 8, 10 | Genuine God-given inner moral faculty, capable of being wounded |
| 29 | weak (brother) | ἀσθενής (asthenēs) | အားနည်းသူ | arr-nè-thu | Low | Christian Liberty and Idol Meat | 8 | Believer with less settled conviction, to be protected not despised |
| 30 | prize | βραβεῖον (brabeion) | ဆုလာဘ် | su-larp | Low | Apostolic Ministry | 9 | Athletic metaphor for faithful ministry, not merit-earned salvation |
| 31 | crown / wreath | στέφανος (stephanos) | ဆုတံဆိပ် / ပန်းရစ် | su-tahseik | Low | Apostolic Ministry | 9 | Imperishable reward contrasted with a perishable athletic wreath |
| 32 | idolatry | εἰδωλολατρία (eidōlolatria) | ရုပ်တုကိုးကွယ်ခြင်း | youtu-koekwe-chin | Critical | Christian Liberty and Idol Meat | 10 | Active worship/participation — stronger prohibition than merely eating idol food (ch.8) |
| 33 | demon | δαιμόνιον (daimonion) | နတ်ဆိုး | nat-hsoe | Critical | Christian Liberty and Idol Meat | 10 | NT δαιμόνιον = consistently hostile power; Burmese “nat” is morally ambivalent — teaching must extend warning beyond only “evil” nats |
| 34 | table of the Lord | τράπεζα κυρίου | သခင်ဘုရား၏စားပွဲတော် | thakhin-hpayar-i-sarpwè-taw | Critical | The Lord’s Supper | 10 | Exclusive loyalty; cannot share Lord’s table and pagan/spirit table |
| 35 | temptation / testing | πειρασμός (peirasmos) | စုံစမ်းခြင်း | soun-san-chin | Medium | Christian Liberty and Idol Meat | 10 | Testing under a personal, faithful God’s sovereign limit — not impersonal karma |
| 36 | type / example | τύπος (typos) | နမူနာ | nah-mu-nah | Low | Christian Liberty and Idol Meat | 10 | Israel’s history as instructive warning-pattern |
| 37 | head / headship | κεφαλή (kephalē) | ဦးခေါင်း / ဦးဆောင်မှု | u-gaung / u-hsaung-hmu | High | Order in Worship | 11 | Relational order/origin, not differing worth; hold with v.11-12’s mutuality |
| 38 | head covering | κατακαλύπτομαι | ဦးခေါင်းဖုံးအုပ်ခြင်း | u-gaung-hpoun-oat-chin | Medium | Order in Worship | 11 | Culturally-contextual form; distinguish abiding principle from first-century practice |
| 39 | the Lord’s Supper | δεῖπνον κυριακόν | သခင်ဘုရား၏ညစာတော်ပွဲ | thakhin-hpayar-i-nyahsa-taw-pwè | Critical | The Lord’s Supper | 11 | Distinguish from monk merit-feeding (ဆွမ်းကျွေးခြင်း) and nat food offerings |
| 40 | bread (Supper) | ἄρτος (artos) | မုန့် | moun | Medium | The Lord’s Supper | 11 | Symbolic memorial, not magical transformation |
| 41 | cup (Supper) | ποτήριον (potērion) | ခွက် | khwet | Medium | The Lord’s Supper | 11 | Represents the new covenant in Christ’s blood |
| 42 | blood (of Christ) | αἷμα (haima) | သွေးတော် | thway-taw | High | The Lord’s Supper | 11 | Atoning, covenant-sealing blood — not ritual appeasement offering |
| 43 | remembrance | ἀνάμνησις (anamnēsis) | အောက်မေ့ခြင်း | auk-mè-chin | Medium | The Lord’s Supper | 11 | Active proclamatory memorial, not private sentimental recall |
| 44 | body of Christ (corporate) | σῶμα Χριστοῦ | ခရစ်တော်၏ကိုယ်ခန္ဓာတော် | Khayitto-i-koe-khanda-taw | High | Spiritual Gifts and the Body of Christ | 12 | Organic union with Christ as Head; extends Romans baseline unity_of_jews_and_gentiles |
| 45 | member / body part | μέλος (melos) | အင်္ဂါ | inga | Low | Spiritual Gifts and the Body of Christ | 12 | Each believer indispensable, none superior |
| 46 | varieties (of gifts) | διαίρεσις (diairesis) | အမျိုးမျိုးသောဆု | a-myo-myo-thaw-su | Low | Spiritual Gifts and the Body of Christ | 12 | Unity of source (one Spirit), diversity of manifestation |
| 47 | baptism (Spirit) | βάπτισμα (baptisma) | နှစ်ခြင်းဗတ္တိဇံ | hnaik-chin-battizan | Critical | Spiritual Gifts and the Body of Christ | 12 | Spirit’s act of incorporation into Christ’s one body; distinct from ritual purification bathing |
| 48 | love | ἀγάπη (agapē) | မေတ္တာ | metta | Critical | Love as the Greater Way | 13, 16 | Retained (Judson-tradition term, no viable alternative) despite direct collision with Buddhist mettā (Brahmavihāra meditative loving-kindness); MANDATORY teaching notes required in every instance distinguishing Spirit-given, cross-modeled, relationally-costly ἀγάπη from self-cultivated, impersonally-diffused mettā-bhāvanā |
| 49 | hope | ἐλπίς (elpis) | မျှော်လင့်ခြင်း | myaw-lin-chin | Medium | Love as the Greater Way; Resurrection | 13, 15 | Confident expectation grounded in God’s specific promises, not vague optimism or hope for favorable rebirth |
| 50 | patience | μακροθυμία (makrothymia) | စိတ်ရှည်ခြင်း | seit-shay-chin | Low | Love as the Greater Way | 13 | Opening trait of the love-portrait |
| 51 | kindness | χρηστότης (chrēstotēs) | ကြင်နာခြင်း | kyinnar-chin | Low | Love as the Greater Way | 13 | |
| 52 | tongues | γλῶσσα (glōssa) | ဘာသာစကားဆု / ဘာသာစကားအမျိုးမျိုးဖြင့်ပြောခြင်း | bartha-zagar-su | Critical | Order in Worship | 12, 14 | Spirit-given, self-controlled, orderly utterance — never involuntary nat-medium trance possession |
| 53 | interpretation | ἑρμηνεία (hermēneia) | အနက်ဖွင့်ခြင်း | a-nak-hpwin-chin | Medium | Order in Worship | 12, 14 | Required companion to public tongues-speech |
| 54 | order | τάξις (taxis) | အစဉ်အလိုက် / စည်းစနစ်တကျ | a-sin-alite | Low | Order in Worship | 14 | ”Decently and in order,” the chapter’s summary principle |
| 55 | appeared (resurrection) | ὤφθη (ōphthē) | ကိုယ်ထင်ရှားပြတော်မူသည် | koe-htin-shar-pya-taw-mu-thi | Critical | Resurrection; core passage | 15 | Real, objective, bodily manifestation to named witnesses — never a trance/vision-only experience |
| 56 | received/delivered (tradition) | παραλαμβάνω / παραδίδωμι | လက်ခံရရှိခြင်း / အပ်ပေးခြင်း | let-khan-ya-shi-chin / ap-pay-chin | High | Core passage | 15 | Technical receive/deliver pair marking a fixed, communally-verified apostolic tradition |
| 57 | spiritual body | σῶμα πνευματικόν | ဝိညာဉ်ခန္ဓာကိုယ် | weinnyin-khanda-koe | Critical | Resurrection of Christ and Believers | 15 | Real, transformed, permanently embodied resurrection state — not disembodiment, not another rebirth |
| 58 | perishable / imperishable | φθαρτός / ἄφθαρτος | ပုပ်သိုးနိုင်သော / ပုပ်သိုးမနိုင်သော | poke-thoe-nine-thaw / poke-thoe-ma-nine-thaw | High | Resurrection of Christ and Believers | 15 | One-time, permanent transformation — distinct from cyclical anicca (impermanence) |
| 59 | image / likeness | εἰκών (eikōn) | ပုံသဏ္ဌာန် / ပုံရိပ် | poun-thantan | Medium | Resurrection of Christ and Believers | 15 | Conformity to the risen Christ’s glorified humanity |
| 60 | victory | νίκη (nikē) | အောင်ပွဲ | aung-pwè | Low | Resurrection of Christ and Believers | 15 | Death’s defeat through Christ’s resurrection |
| 61 | sting | κέντρον (kentron) | အဆိပ် | a-hseik | Low-Medium | Resurrection of Christ and Believers | 15 | Death’s now-nullified power to harm believers |
| 62 | collection (offering) | λογία (logia) | အလှူငွေ စုဆောင်းခြင်း | a-hlu-ngway-su-saung-chin | Low | Christian Unity (practical) | 16 | Jerusalem relief offering; Jew-Gentile unity in practice |
| 63 | Marana tha (“Come, Lord”) | μαράνα θά | မာရနာသာ | Marana-tha | Medium-High | Resurrection / Second Coming hope | 16 | Preserved Aramaic invocation (cf. “abba” precedent); must gloss meaning, never treat as a magic formula |
| 64 | accursed | ἀνάθεμα (anathema) | ကျိန်ခြင်းခံရသော | kyein-chin-khan-yar-thaw | High | Love as the Greater Way (closing) | 16 | Solemn covenant-curse for lacking love/devotion to Christ — distinct from folk-magic cursing |
Risk Summary for 1 Corinthians New-Term Additions
| Risk Tier | Count | Review Routing |
|---|---|---|
| Critical | 17 | Human theologian review mandatory |
| High | 12 | Human theologian review mandatory |
| Medium | 20 | Native speaker review |
| Low | 15 | Automated review sufficient |
| Total new terms | 64 |
Note: ἀγάπη (agapē / မေတ္တာ), item 48, is flagged Critical despite being an already-established Myanmar Bible rendering, because of the severity and pervasiveness of its collision with Buddhist mettā — it should be treated with the same mandatory-teaching-note discipline the baseline package applies to “mission” (သာသနာပြု) and to “grace,” and must never be silently translated without accompanying doctrinal clarification in any Phase 2 study material touching 1 Corinthians 13 or 16:24.
All 64 new terms above must be formally added to translation_memory.json (version increment required) and to bible_term_registry.json before Phase 2 segment translation of 1 Corinthians begins, per the baseline’s Translation Memory Load and Enforcement Instructions.
Critical Risk Terms
Appeared
Approved rendering: ကိုယ်ထင်ရှားပြတော်မူသည်
Transliteration: koe-htin-shar-pya-taw-mu-thi
Doctrine: The Resurrection of Christ and Believers / The Gospel as Received and Delivered Tradition
Rejected alternatives: မြင်မိသည် (as a stand-alone under-specified alternative)
Original: ὤφθη
Category: Resurrection
NEW. 1 Corinthians 15:5-8, recurring five times as the evidentiary backbone of Christ’s bodily resurrection appearances. Must convey a real, external, bodily manifestation to a named witness — never an inward spiritual impression, and never with vocabulary suggesting a nat-medium’s vision or trance experience.
Body
Approved rendering: ကိုယ်ခန္ဓာ(တော်)
Transliteration: koe-khanda(-taw)
Doctrine: The Body as Temple and Resurrection Hope
Original: σῶμα
Category: Body and Resurrection
NEW. chs.6, 11, 15. Must be taught as possessing lasting dignity, presently Spirit-indwelt, and destined for bodily resurrection — directly countering any framing (asubha/foulness meditation, or embodiment as an obstacle to be transcended toward bodiless liberation) that treats the body as spiritually negligible.
Bought With A Price
Approved rendering: ဖိုးငွေဖြင့်ဝယ်ယူတော်မူသည်
Transliteration: hpoe-ngway-hpyin-we-yu-taw-mu-thi
Doctrine: Grace / Salvation
Rejected alternatives: ရွေးနှင်းခြင်း (as a stand-alone under-specified alternative)
Original: ἠγοράσθητε τιμῆς
Category: Salvation
NEW. 1 Corinthians 6:20. Must show Christ’s atoning death as the ‘price’ paid, and believers as belonging wholly to God as a result — not a debt believers must still work off, nor a self-purchased liberation achieved by their own discipline.
Demon
Approved rendering: နတ်ဆိုး
Transliteration: nat-hsoe
Doctrine: Idolatry and Spiritual Powers
Original: δαιμόνιον
Category: Christian Liberty and Idol Meat
NEW. 1 Corinthians 10:20-21. Major collision point: the morally ambivalent Burmese folk category of ‘nat’ (namely, many venerated as protective guardian spirits) does not map onto the NT’s uniformly hostile δαιμόνιον. Teaching must clarify Paul’s warning extends to the whole category of spiritual power behind false worship, including seemingly benevolent nats, not only spirits already popularly labeled ‘evil.‘
Food Offered To Idols
Approved rendering: ရုပ်တုအား ပူဇော်ထားသော အစားအစာ
Transliteration: youtu-ar-pusaw-htar-thaw-asarasar
Doctrine: Christian Liberty and Idol Meat
Original: εἰδωλόθυτον
Category: Christian Liberty and Idol Meat
NEW. 1 Corinthians 8. Direct functional parallel to food offered to nats (ကပ်လှူသောအစာ) and to Buddhist merit-food offerings (ဆွမ်းကပ်ခြင်း); teaching must preserve Paul’s actual argument — the food itself is not spiritually contaminated (8:4), yet believers must act in love toward weaker believers’ consciences.
God
Approved rendering: ဘုရားသခင်
Transliteration: Phayarthakhin
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Rejected alternatives: ဘုရား, နတ်သခင်
Original: θεός
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. CRITICAL: ဘုရားသခင်, in full, required throughout; never ဘုရား alone or နတ်သခင်. Source of the gospel, the church, and every spiritual gift in 1 Corinthians.
Grace
Approved rendering: ကျေးဇူးတော်
Transliteration: kyayzu-taw
Doctrine: Grace
Rejected alternatives: ကုသိုလ်, ကံကောင်းခြင်း, ဝါသနာတော်
Original: χάρις
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. CRITICAL: Never use ကုသိုလ် or ကံကောင်းခြင်း. In 1 Corinthians 15:10 (‘not I, but the grace of God’) this is a premier grace-vs-merit text; Paul’s own vigorous labor must be shown as grace’s fruit, never its co-equal merit-partner.
Holy Spirit
Approved rendering: သန့်ရှင်းသောဝိညာဉ်တော်
Transliteration: thangyinthaw weinnyin-taw
Doctrine: Sanctification / The Holy Spirit and Spiritual Discernment
Rejected alternatives: နတ်ဝိညာဉ်, ဝိညာဉ်
Original: πνεῦμα ἅγιον
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. CRITICAL: Never ဝိညာဉ် alone or နတ်ဝိညာဉ်. Source of spiritual discernment (ch.2), the church-as-temple’s indweller (chs.3,6), the distributor of gifts (ch.12), and the agent of incorporation into Christ’s body (12:13) — a personal, permanent divine Person, never conflated with anatta’s denial of a permanent self.
Idol
Approved rendering: ရုပ်တု
Transliteration: youtu
Doctrine: Christian Liberty and Idol Meat / Idolatry and Spiritual Powers
Original: εἴδωλον
Category: Christian Liberty and Idol Meat
NEW. 1 Corinthians 8:4. Targets the specific theological category of images/objects claimed to represent or embody a deity other than the true God (paralleling Greco-Roman cult statues); must be scoped precisely to avoid becoming a blanket, indiscriminate description of Buddhist devotional images while preserving strict monotheism.
Idolatry
Approved rendering: ရုပ်တုကိုးကွယ်ခြင်း
Transliteration: youtu-koekwe-chin
Doctrine: Idolatry and Spiritual Powers
Original: εἰδωλολατρία
Category: Christian Liberty and Idol Meat
NEW. 1 Corinthians 10:7,14: ‘flee from idolatry.’ Refers to active worship/participation, a stronger prohibition than merely eating idol-associated food (ch.8); must not be blurred with the liberty-in-eating discussion.
Jesus
Approved rendering: ယေရှု
Transliteration: Yayshu
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: ရှင်ယေရှု
Original: Ἰησοῦς
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package. Standard Myanmar Bible form, central to the gospel summary of 15:1-11 and the Lord’s Supper of ch.11. Keep consistent throughout.
Justification
Approved rendering: ဖြောင့်မတ်ရာသို့ ရောက်ခြင်း
Transliteration: pyaungmat-ya-tho-yauk-chin
Doctrine: Salvation
Rejected alternatives: ကုသိုလ်ရခြင်း, အပြစ်ပြေခြင်း
Original: δικαιόω
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Named alongside washing and sanctification in 1 Corinthians 6:11 as part of believers’ completed, Spirit-and-Christ-accomplished transformation.
Lords Supper
Approved rendering: သခင်ဘုရား၏ညစာတော်ပွဲ
Transliteration: thakhin-hpayar-i-nyahsa-taw-pwè
Doctrine: The Lord’s Supper
Original: δεῖπνον κυριακόν
Category: The Lord’s Supper
NEW. 1 Corinthians 11:20. Must be distinguished from the Buddhist merit-feeding ritual of offering food to monks (ဆွမ်းကျွေးခြင်း) or ancestral/nat food offerings; a corporate, faith-received memorial and proclamation of Christ’s atoning death and return (11:26), never a merit-generating ritual act.
Love
Approved rendering: မေတ္တာ
Transliteration: metta
Doctrine: Love as the Greater Way
Original: ἀγάπη
Category: Love as the Greater Way
NEW (retained established Judson-tradition rendering — no viable alternative exists). CRITICAL: မေတ္တာ is precisely the named first of the Four Brahmavihāra in Burmese Theravada Buddhism — a self-cultivated meditative state extended impersonally toward all beings without necessarily personal relationship or cost. Biblical ἀγάπη (1 Corinthians 13; 16:24) is Spirit-produced, cross-modeled, exercised toward specific persons at real sacrificial cost, and permanent. MANDATORY distinguishing teaching note required at every occurrence, on par with the baseline’s treatment of grace and mission.
Passover
Approved rendering: ပသခါ
Transliteration: pasakha
Doctrine: Church Discipline and Holiness / Sin and Church Accountability
Original: πάσχα
Category: Salvation
NEW. Established Myanmar Bible OT transliteration. 1 Corinthians 5:7: ‘Christ our Passover has been sacrificed.’ Requires explicit OT sacrificial background teaching (parallel to seed_of_david/davidic_covenant in the Romans baseline); without Exodus 12 background, ‘our Passover’ has no substitutionary-sacrifice meaning.
Resurrection
Approved rendering: ထမြောက်ခြင်း
Transliteration: hta-myauk-chin
Doctrine: Resurrection of Christ / The Resurrection of Christ and Believers
Rejected alternatives: ပဋိသန္ဓေတည်ခြင်း, ပြန်လည်မွေးဖွားခြင်း
Original: ἀνάστασις
Category: Eschatology
Inherited from Romans package. CRITICAL: NEVER ပဋိသန္ဓေတည်ခြင်း or ပြန်လည်မွေးဖွားခြင်း. 1 Corinthians 15 extends this doctrine from Christ alone to the future bodily resurrection of all believers — an equally critical, equally non-cyclical claim requiring renewed fencing throughout the whole chapter.
Righteousness
Approved rendering: ဖြောင့်မတ်ခြင်း
Transliteration: pyaungmat-chin
Doctrine: Salvation
Rejected alternatives: ကုသိုလ်ကံ, သီလ
Original: δικαιοσύνη
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. 1 Corinthians 1:30: Christ himself ‘became… righteousness’ for believers — standing given in Christ, never built through precept-keeping.
Salvation
Approved rendering: ကယ်တင်ခြင်း
Transliteration: kaetin-chin
Doctrine: Salvation
Rejected alternatives: နိဗ္ဗာန်ရောက်ခြင်း, လွတ်မြောက်ခြင်း
Original: σωτηρία / σώζω
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. CRITICAL: NEVER နိဗ္ဗာန်ရောက်ခြင်း. 1 Corinthians 15:2’s present-passive ‘are being saved’ is the continuing benefit of a rescue accomplished by another, not a self-attained ongoing achievement.
Spirit Baptism
Approved rendering: နှစ်ခြင်းဗတ္တိဇံ
Transliteration: hnaik-chin-battizan
Doctrine: Baptism into Christ’s Body
Rejected alternatives: ရေချိုးသန့်စင်ခြင်း
Original: βάπτισμα
Category: Spiritual Gifts and the Body of Christ
NEW. 1 Corinthians 12:13: ‘by one Spirit we were all baptized into one body.’ Must be distinguished from ritual purification bathing and from water baptism as an ordinance; the Spirit’s own act of incorporation into Christ’s one body, prior to and distinct from the water rite.
Spiritual Body
Approved rendering: ဝိညာဉ်ခန္ဓာကိုယ်
Transliteration: weinnyin-khanda-koe
Doctrine: The Resurrection of Christ and Believers
Original: σῶμα πνευματικόν
Category: Resurrection
NEW. 1 Corinthians 15:35-49. Must be taught carefully as a real, transformed, imperishable BODY — not a disembodied spirit-existence, and not one further body in an ongoing series of rebirths, but the final, permanent embodied state of the resurrected believer.
Table Of The Lord
Approved rendering: သခင်ဘုရား၏စားပွဲတော်
Transliteration: thakhin-hpayar-i-sarpwè-taw
Doctrine: The Lord’s Supper
Original: τράπεζα κυρίου
Category: The Lord’s Supper
NEW. 1 Corinthians 10:21. Exclusive loyalty forbids sharing both the Lord’s table and a table devoted to false gods/spirits; feeds directly into ch.11’s Lord’s Supper terms.
Temple
Approved rendering: ဗိမာန်တော်
Transliteration: bimantaw
Doctrine: Church Discipline and Holiness / The Body as Temple and Resurrection Hope
Original: ναός
Category: Church Discipline and Holiness
NEW. Applied corporately to the church (3:16-17) and individually to each believer’s body (6:19). Burmese ဗိမာန် vocabulary otherwise evokes a consecrated shrine-building; must always be paired with an explicit referent (the church / your body) in the same sentence, never left as a bare noun.
Tongues
Approved rendering: ဘာသာစကားဆု
Transliteration: bartha-zagar-su
Doctrine: Order in Worship
Original: γλῶσσα
Category: Order in Worship
NEW. 1 Corinthians 12, 14. Major syncretism risk with Burmese nat-medium (နတ်ကတော်) trance-possession speech. Must be taught as Spirit-given, intelligible-to-God, self-controlled utterance exercised by the speaker’s own will (14:28), always subject to orderly regulation and interpretation — never involuntary trance-possession.
Wisdom Of God
Approved rendering: ဘုရားသခင်၏ပညာတော်
Transliteration: Phayarthakhin i pyinnya-taw
Doctrine: The Cross as Wisdom and Power
Rejected alternatives: ပညာ (unqualified)
Original: σοφία (θεοῦ)
Category: Wisdom and Power of the Cross
NEW. 1 Corinthians 1:18-31; 2:1-16. CRITICAL: ပညာ alone is the precise Burmese term for paññā, self-attained liberating insight (third pillar of the Threefold Training). Every reference to God’s wisdom in the cross MUST use the full qualified compound ဘုရားသခင်၏ပညာတော် — wisdom revealed and given by God centered on a crucified Messiah, appearing as foolishness to unaided human reason, never self-attained meditative insight.
High Risk Terms
Anathema
Approved rendering: ကျိန်ခြင်းခံရသော
Transliteration: kyein-chin-khan-yar-thaw
Doctrine: Love as the Greater Way
Original: ἀνάθεμα
Category: Love as the Greater Way
NEW. 1 Corinthians 16:22: ‘if anyone has no love for the Lord, let him be accursed.’ Must retain its full covenantal weight (exclusion from God’s covenant blessing) and must be clearly distinguished from folk-magical cursing (ကျိန်ဆဲမှု) — a solemn divine verdict, not an incantation invoked by human ritual power.
Blood Of Christ
Approved rendering: သွေးတော်
Transliteration: thway-taw
Doctrine: The Lord’s Supper / Covenant Fulfillment in the Lord’s Supper
Original: αἷμα
Category: The Lord’s Supper
NEW. 1 Corinthians 11:25, tied to the atoning death summarized in 15:3. Must retain the atoning, covenant-sealing significance; Christ’s blood inaugurates the promised new covenant, not a ritual blood-offering to appease a spirit or accrue merit.
Body Of Christ
Approved rendering: ခရစ်တော်၏ကိုယ်ခန္ဓာတော်
Transliteration: Khayitto-i-koe-khanda-taw
Doctrine: Spiritual Gifts and the Body of Christ
Original: σῶμα Χριστοῦ
Category: Spiritual Gifts and the Body of Christ
NEW. 1 Corinthians 12:12-27. Must be taught as organic union with Christ as living Head and with one another, extending the Romans baseline’s unity_of_jews_and_gentiles doctrine — not a voluntary club or shared merit-generating collective.
Called
Approved rendering: ခေါ်တော်မူသော
Transliteration: khaw-taw-mu-thaw
Doctrine: Divine Calling
Rejected alternatives: ဖိတ်ခေါ်ခြင်း
Original: κλητός
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. 1 Corinthians 1:1-2,24 uses this of both Paul’s apostleship and believers’ salvation. Distinguish from ကံဇာတာ and from a revocable invitation.
Calling
Approved rendering: ခေါ်တော်မူခြင်း
Transliteration: khaw-taw-mu-chin
Doctrine: Divine Calling
Rejected alternatives: ကံဇာတာ
Original: κλῆσις
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. In 1 Corinthians 7:17-24 broadens to a vocational/circumstantial sense (‘remain in the calling in which you were called’); must not be confused with ကံဇာတာ (fixed karmic destiny) in either sense.
Covenant
Approved rendering: ပဋိညာဉ်
Transliteration: padi-nyin
Doctrine: Davidic Covenant / Covenant Fulfillment in the Lord’s Supper
Rejected alternatives: သဘောတူညီချက်
Original: διαθήκη
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package. The Lord’s Supper cup is ‘the new covenant in my blood’ (11:25); more than a negotiated agreement (သဘောတူညီချက်). Requires OT covenant/sacrificial background teaching.
Cross
Approved rendering: လက်ဝါးကပ်တိုင်
Transliteration: let-war-kat-tai
Doctrine: The Cross as Wisdom and Power
Original: σταυρός
Category: Wisdom and Power of the Cross
NEW. Established Myanmar Christian term. 1 Corinthians 1:18 — both ‘foolishness’ to those perishing and ‘the power of God’ to those being saved. Must retain the historical scandal (a shameful public execution device) alongside its salvific power, not become a purely decorative devotional symbol.
Divorce
Approved rendering: ကွာရှင်းခြင်း
Transliteration: kwar-shin-chin
Doctrine: Marriage and Singleness
Original: χωρίζω / ἀπολύω
Category: Marriage and Singleness
NEW. 1 Corinthians 7:10-16. Requires careful, non-legalistic teaching distinguishing Paul’s pastoral exceptions from a general permission, given Burmese civil divorce practice and social stigma dynamics differing from the first-century context.
Glory
Approved rendering: ဘုန်းတော်
Transliteration: phon-taw
Doctrine: Deity of Christ / The Cross as Wisdom and Power
Rejected alternatives: ဘုန်းကံ
Original: δόξα
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. Paul calls Christ ‘the Lord of glory’ who was crucified (2:8), a deliberate paradox startlingly joined to the shame of crucifixion. ဘုန်း alone risks the merit-power association (ဘုန်းကံ).
Gospel
Approved rendering: သတင်းကောင်း
Transliteration: thadin kaung
Doctrine: Gospel / The Gospel as Received and Delivered Tradition
Rejected alternatives: ဓမ္မသတင်း, ကောင်းသောအကြောင်းအရာ
Original: εὐαγγέλιον
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Established Myanmar Bible term meaning ‘good news’. Must be qualified as the unique announcement of salvation through Christ. In 1 Corinthians 15:1-11 must be tied explicitly to the fixed apostolic content Paul recites (Christ died, was buried, was raised, appeared) — not left as a generic good report.
Headship
Approved rendering: ဦးခေါင်း
Transliteration: u-gaung
Doctrine: Order in Worship
Rejected alternatives: ဦးဆောင်မှု (as a stand-alone substitute)
Original: κεφαλή
Category: Order in Worship
NEW. 1 Corinthians 11:3. Concerns relational order and origin (creation order, cf. v.8-9), not differing worth or value before God; must not be flattened into a purely social-hierarchy term that ignores the mutuality Paul also affirms in v.11-12.
Holy
Approved rendering: သန့်ရှင်းသော
Transliteration: thangyin-thaw
Doctrine: Sanctification
Rejected alternatives: စင်ကြယ်သော
Original: ἅγιος
Category: Sanctification
Inherited from Romans package. Describes believers’ status throughout 1 Corinthians despite the Corinthians’ ongoing moral failures — moral/relational set-apartness given by God, not ritual purity achieved.
Lord
Approved rendering: သခင်
Transliteration: thakhin
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: ဘုရင်, ဆရာသခင်
Original: κύριος
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package. Used throughout 1 Corinthians, notably ‘the table of the Lord’ (10:21) and ‘the Lord’s Supper’ (11:23). The confession ‘1 Corinthians 12:3 / Romans 10:9’ pattern (ယေရှုသည် သခင်ဖြစ်တော်မူ၏) must remain verbatim consistent across all curricula.
Natural Person
Approved rendering: ဝိညာဉ်ကိုမခံယူရသေးသောလူ
Transliteration: weinnyin-ko-ma-khan-yu-yathe-thaw-lu
Doctrine: The Cross as Wisdom and Power / The Holy Spirit and Spiritual Discernment
Original: ψυχικός
Category: Wisdom and Power of the Cross
NEW. 1 Corinthians 2:14. A diagnostic category defined by lacking the Spirit, paired directly against πνευματικός — not a moral insult but an explanation of spiritual blindness apart from the Spirit’s work.
Perishable Imperishable
Approved rendering: ပုပ်သိုးနိုင်သော / ပုပ်သိုးမနိုင်သော
Transliteration: poke-thoe-nine-thaw / poke-thoe-ma-nine-thaw
Doctrine: The Resurrection of Christ and Believers
Original: φθαρτός / ἄφθαρτος
Category: Resurrection
NEW. 1 Corinthians 15:42,50-54. Must be distinguished from the Buddhist doctrine of anicca (universal, cyclical impermanence); imperishability here is a specific, one-time, permanent gift bestowed at the resurrection, ending change and decay altogether.
Power Of God
Approved rendering: ဘုရားသခင်၏တန်ခိုးတော်
Transliteration: Phayarthakhin i tankhoe-taw
Doctrine: Power of God for Salvation / The Cross as Wisdom and Power
Rejected alternatives: အနုဘော်တန်ခိုး
Original: δύναμις θεοῦ
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. Operative in the cross and gospel proclamation (1:18,24; 2:5), displayed here through apparent weakness. Never အနုဘော်တန်ခိုး (relic/amulet potency).
Received Delivered Tradition
Approved rendering: လက်ခံရရှိခြင်း / အပ်ပေးခြင်း
Transliteration: let-khan-ya-shi-chin / ap-pay-chin
Doctrine: The Gospel as Received and Delivered Tradition
Original: παραλαμβάνω / παραδίδωμι
Category: Resurrection
NEW. 1 Corinthians 15:1,3. Technical receive/deliver vocabulary (παραλαμβάνω/παραδίδωμι) marking the transmission of a fixed, pre-existing apostolic tradition; a loose paraphrase loses the historical-evidentiary weight the passage builds toward the ‘500 brothers’ of v.6.
Sanctification
Approved rendering: သန့်ရှင်းခြင်း
Transliteration: thangyin-chin
Doctrine: Sanctification
Rejected alternatives: ရေချိုးသန့်စင်ခြင်း
Original: ἁγιασμός / ἁγιάζω
Category: Sanctification
Inherited from Romans package. Named in 1 Corinthians 6:11 as part of the washing-sanctification-justification triad; also applied corporately to the church-as-temple in ch.3. Distinguish from ritual bathing/purification and self-directed meditative mind-purification.
Schism
Approved rendering: စိတ်ဝမ်းကွဲပြားခြင်း
Transliteration: seit-wan-kwepyar-chin
Doctrine: Christian Unity versus Factionalism
Rejected alternatives: ဂိုဏ်းကွဲမှု
Original: σχίσμα
Category: Church Unity
NEW. 1 Corinthians 1:10-17. Rejected ဂိုဏ်းကွဲမှု (sect-division), which carries strong Buddhist monastic-order (nikaya) and political-faction connotations; would recast Paul’s relational quarreling within one church as institutional sectarianism between competing bodies.
Sexual Immorality
Approved rendering: မတရားသောမေထုန်
Transliteration: matayar-thaw-mayithun
Doctrine: Church Discipline and Holiness / Sin and Church Accountability
Original: πορνεία
Category: Church Discipline and Holiness
NEW. Established Myanmar Bible term (ch.5’s incest case; ch.6). Must be taught as a serious, communally-relevant sin requiring corrective church action, not merely a private moral failing overlooked for social harmony.
Sin
Approved rendering: အပြစ်
Transliteration: a-pyit
Doctrine: Universal Human Accountability / Sin and Church Accountability
Rejected alternatives: အကုသိုလ်
Original: ἁμαρτία
Category: Sin
Inherited from Romans package. Christ died ‘for our sins’ (15:3); specific sins are named and disciplined in chs.5-6. Distinguish from အကုသိုလ် (impersonal karmic demerit).
Spiritual Person
Approved rendering: ဝိညာဉ်ရေးရာလူ
Transliteration: weinnyin-yayyar-lu
Doctrine: The Cross as Wisdom and Power / The Holy Spirit and Spiritual Discernment
Original: πνευματικός
Category: Wisdom and Power of the Cross
NEW. 1 Corinthians 2:14-15. Must be taught as a person indwelt and led by the personal, divine Holy Spirit — not a person who has cultivated a heightened meditative consciousness-state through their own practice.
Medium Risk Terms
Apostle
Approved rendering: တမန်တော်
Transliteration: tamantaw
Doctrine: Apostleship / Apostleship and Ministry
Rejected alternatives: ဆရာတော်, ဆရာကြီး
Original: ἀπόστολος
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package. Paul defends his own apostleship in 1 Corinthians 9 and 15:9 as the ‘least’ yet genuinely commissioned apostle by a resurrection appearance, not by accumulated religious seniority.
Bread
Approved rendering: မုန့်
Transliteration: moun
Doctrine: The Lord’s Supper
Original: ἄρτος
Category: The Lord’s Supper
NEW. 1 Corinthians 11:23-24: ‘this is my body, which is for you.’ Must retain its symbolic, not literal-transformative, connection to Christ’s body — a memorial proclamation, avoiding both empty-symbol reduction and any magical/merit-transactional reading.
Church
Approved rendering: အသင်းတော်
Transliteration: athin-taw
Doctrine: Church as God’s People
Rejected alternatives: ဘုရားကျောင်း, ဘုရားရိပ်သာ
Original: ἐκκλησία
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package. The letter is addressed to ‘the church of God that is in Corinth’ (1:2) despite its dysfunction — a status given, not earned by good order. Never ဘုရားကျောင်း/ဘုရားရိပ်သာ.
Conscience
Approved rendering: သိစိတ်
Transliteration: thi-seit
Doctrine: Christian Liberty and Idol Meat / Self-Control and Christian Liberty
Original: συνείδησις
Category: Christian Liberty and Idol Meat
NEW. 1 Corinthians 8:7-12; 10. Present as a genuine, God-given inner moral faculty capable of being wounded, not merely a cultural taboo-sense.
Cup
Approved rendering: ခွက်
Transliteration: khwet
Doctrine: The Lord’s Supper
Original: ποτήριον
Category: The Lord’s Supper
NEW. 1 Corinthians 11:25: ‘this cup is the new covenant in my blood.’ Represents rather than transacts the covenant reality; parallel risk profile to bread.
Faith
Approved rendering: ယုံကြည်ခြင်း
Transliteration: yun-kyi-chin
Doctrine: Faith
Rejected alternatives: သဒ္ဓါတရား
Original: πίστις
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans package. Object of faith in 1 Corinthians 15:2,11,14 is the specific historical gospel content, not generalized religious confidence comparable to သဒ္ဓါ (saddha).
Fleshly
Approved rendering: ဇာတိပကတိဆိုင်ရာ
Transliteration: zarti-pakati-saing-yar
Doctrine: Christian Unity versus Factionalism
Original: σαρκικός
Category: Church Unity
NEW. 1 Corinthians 3:1-3. Distinguish from a purely physical/bodily meaning of ‘flesh’; names a moral-spiritual orientation opposed to walking by the Spirit, evidenced by the Corinthians’ quarreling.
Foolishness
Approved rendering: မိုက်မဲခြင်း
Transliteration: mite-mè-chin
Doctrine: The Cross as Wisdom and Power
Original: μωρία
Category: Wisdom and Power of the Cross
NEW. 1 Corinthians 1:18-25. The cross appears foolish to those without the Spirit; must be held in tension with σοφία, not resolved by softening either term.
Head Covering
Approved rendering: ဦးခေါင်းဖုံးအုပ်ခြင်း
Transliteration: u-gaung-hpoun-oat-chin
Doctrine: Order in Worship
Original: κατακαλύπτομαι
Category: Order in Worship
NEW. 1 Corinthians 11:4-16. A culturally-contextual first-century practice; Burmese dress norms do not carry the same symbolism, so teaching must distinguish the abiding principle (order, propriety, mutual honor) from the literal cultural form.
Hope
Approved rendering: မျှော်လင့်ခြင်း
Transliteration: myaw-lin-chin
Doctrine: Love as the Greater Way / Eschatological Hope and the Second Coming
Original: ἐλπίς
Category: Love as the Greater Way
NEW. 1 Corinthians 13:13; ch.15. Must be distinguished from generic optimism and from Buddhist aspiration for a favorable future rebirth; Christian hope is fixed confidence in specific, already-guaranteed promises secured by God himself.
Image Likeness
Approved rendering: ပုံသဏ္ဌာန်
Transliteration: poun-thantan
Doctrine: The Resurrection of Christ and Believers
Rejected alternatives: ပုံရိပ်
Original: εἰκών
Category: Resurrection
NEW. 1 Corinthians 15:49: believers will ‘bear the image of the heavenly [man].’ Conformity to the risen Christ’s glorified humanity, not merely a vague spiritual improvement.
Interpretation
Approved rendering: အနက်ဖွင့်ခြင်း
Transliteration: a-nak-hpwin-chin
Doctrine: Order in Worship
Original: ἑρμηνεία / διερμηνεύω
Category: Order in Worship
NEW. 1 Corinthians 14:5,13,27-28. Required companion to public tongues-speech for corporate edification; without it, tongues remain a private matter.
Knowledge
Approved rendering: အသိပညာ
Transliteration: a-thi-pyinnya
Doctrine: Christian Liberty and Idol Meat / Self-Control and Christian Liberty
Original: γνῶσις
Category: Christian Liberty and Idol Meat
NEW. 1 Corinthians 8:1: ‘knowledge puffs up, but love builds up.’ Must be held in tension with ἀγάπη (ch.13).
Marriage
Approved rendering: အိမ်ထောင်ပြုခြင်း
Transliteration: ein-htaung-pyu-chin
Doctrine: Marriage and Singleness
Original: γάμος / γαμέω
Category: Marriage and Singleness
NEW. 1 Corinthians 7. Burmese Buddhist culture does not sacralize marriage as a religious rite; must be taught as a good gift within God’s created design, entered and sustained ‘in the Lord,’ not merely a civil/social arrangement.
Mystery
Approved rendering: နက်နဲသောအရာတော်
Transliteration: nak-nè-thaw-aya-taw
Doctrine: The Cross as Wisdom and Power
Original: μυστήριον
Category: Wisdom and Power of the Cross
NEW. 1 Corinthians 2:7; 4:1. Must be distinguished from esoteric occult secret knowledge accessible only to initiates (astrology, weizza-adept practice, tantric ‘secret’ teachings); God’s mystery is revealed truth now openly proclaimed to all who believe.
Remembrance
Approved rendering: အောက်မေ့ခြင်း
Transliteration: auk-mè-chin
Doctrine: The Lord’s Supper
Original: ἀνάμνησις
Category: The Lord’s Supper
NEW. 1 Corinthians 11:24-25: ‘do this in remembrance of me.’ Must convey active, communal proclamation of a past atoning event with future hope, not mere private sentimental recollection.
Saints
Approved rendering: သန့်ရှင်းသူများ
Transliteration: thangyin thu myar
Doctrine: Sainthood
Rejected alternatives: ရဟန္တာ, ရှင်ရဟန်း
Original: ἅγιοι
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package. 1 Corinthians 1:2, 6:1-2: corporate designation for every believer, including the promise saints will one day ‘judge the world’ — not an ascetic elite comparable to a ရဟန္တာ (arahant).
Self Control
Approved rendering: မိမိကိုယ်ကိုချုပ်တည်းခြင်း
Transliteration: mimi-koyu-gou-hkyoat-tè-chin
Doctrine: Marriage and Singleness / Self-Control and Christian Liberty
Original: ἐγκράτεια / ἐγκρατεύομαι
Category: Marriage and Singleness
NEW. 1 Corinthians 7:9; 9:25. Must be presented as a Spirit-enabled virtue exercised within ordinary married, single, or ministry life, not an ascetic technique for merit accumulation.
Spiritual Gifts
Approved rendering: ဝိညာဉ်ဆုကျေးဇူး
Transliteration: weinnyin su kyayzu
Doctrine: Spiritual Gifts / Spiritual Gifts and the Body of Christ
Rejected alternatives: တန်ခိုးဗလ
Original: χαρίσματα
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package. Treated at length in chs.12 and 14 (also 1:7, 7:7). Must not be rendered as merit-earned or occult powers (weizza-adept practice); sovereignly distributed by the Spirit for the common good.
Steward
Approved rendering: ဘဏ္ဍာစိုး
Transliteration: banda-soe
Doctrine: Apostleship and Ministry
Original: οἰκονόμος
Category: Church Ministry
NEW. 1 Corinthians 4:1-2. Must convey entrusted responsibility and future accountability to God, not ownership or independent authority — directly undercuts the factional ‘my leader is better’ dynamic of chs.1-4.
Temptation
Approved rendering: စုံစမ်းခြင်း
Transliteration: soun-san-chin
Doctrine: Christian Liberty and Idol Meat
Original: πειρασμός
Category: Christian Liberty and Idol Meat
NEW. 1 Corinthians 10:13: ‘God is faithful… he will provide a way of escape.’ Testing under the sovereign, faithful oversight of a personal God, not impersonal karmic consequence.
Virgin Unmarried
Approved rendering: အပျို
Transliteration: a-pyo
Doctrine: Marriage and Singleness
Original: παρθένος
Category: Marriage and Singleness
NEW. 1 Corinthians 7:25-38. Must be distinguished from vowed monastic celibacy undertaken for merit (ရဟန်းပြု/သီလရှင်ပြု); Pauline singleness is freely chosen devotion to Christ’s service, not a higher, merit-earning spiritual path superior to marriage.
Low Risk Terms
Boasting
Approved rendering: ကြွားဝါခြင်း
Transliteration: kywarwar-chin
Doctrine: Christian Unity versus Factionalism
Original: καύχημα / καυχάομαι
Category: Church Unity
NEW. 1 Corinthians 1:29-31 — redirected to boasting ‘in the Lord’ only, never in self, teacher-loyalty, or accumulated status.
Collection Offering
Approved rendering: အလှူငွေ စုဆောင်းခြင်း
Transliteration: a-hlu-ngway-su-saung-chin
Doctrine: Christian Unity versus Factionalism (practical outworking)
Original: λογία
Category: Church Unity
NEW. 1 Corinthians 16:1-4. The collection for the Jerusalem saints, expressing practical unity between Jew and Gentile churches.
Crown
Approved rendering: ဆုတံဆိပ်
Transliteration: su-tahseik
Doctrine: Apostleship and Ministry
Rejected alternatives: ပန်းရစ်
Original: στέφανος
Category: Church Ministry
NEW. 1 Corinthians 9:25. Imperishable reward contrasted with a perishable athletic wreath, describing faithful ministry, not merit-earned salvation.
Exhort
Approved rendering: တိုက်တွန်းနှိုးဆော်ခြင်း
Transliteration: taik-tun hnoso-chin
Doctrine: Mutual Edification
Original: παρακαλέω
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans package. In 1:10 conveys an urgent appeal for unity, not a mild suggestion.
Fellowship
Approved rendering: မိတ်သဟာယ
Transliteration: meikthahaya
Doctrine: Christian Fellowship / The Lord’s Supper (elevated context)
Rejected alternatives: သူငယ်ချင်းဖွဲ့ခြင်း
Original: κοινωνία
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package (baseline Low risk). ELEVATED to High risk specifically in 1 Corinthians 10:16-18, where κοινωνία becomes a technical term for real participatory union in Christ’s body and blood through the Supper, contrasted with participation with demons — must convey genuine spiritual participation, not mere social association, in that context.
Foundation
Approved rendering: အုတ်မြစ်
Transliteration: oht-myit
Doctrine: Christian Unity versus Factionalism
Original: θεμέλιος
Category: Church Unity
NEW. 1 Corinthians 3:11. Christ alone as the church’s only legitimate foundation; ministers build upon, but never replace, this foundation.
Imitators
Approved rendering: အတုယူသူများ
Transliteration: a-tu-yu-thu-myar
Doctrine: Christian Unity versus Factionalism
Original: μιμηταί
Category: Church Unity
NEW. 1 Corinthians 4:16. Imitating Paul’s example of Christlikeness, not forming a personality-faction around him — the very problem of ch.1.
Kindness
Approved rendering: ကြင်နာခြင်း
Transliteration: kyinnar-chin
Doctrine: Love as the Greater Way
Original: χρηστότης
Category: Love as the Greater Way
NEW. 1 Corinthians 13:4: ‘love is kind.‘
Leaven
Approved rendering: တဆေး
Transliteration: dahswè
Doctrine: Church Discipline and Holiness
Original: ζύμη
Category: Church Discipline and Holiness
NEW. 1 Corinthians 5:6-8. Sin tolerated in the church spreads like leaven through the whole ‘lump’; established general Burmese term.
Member
Approved rendering: အင်္ဂါ
Transliteration: inga
Doctrine: Spiritual Gifts and the Body of Christ
Original: μέλος
Category: Spiritual Gifts and the Body of Christ
NEW. 1 Corinthians 12:14-26. Each believer an indispensable ‘member’ with a distinct function, none dispensable, none superior.
Order
Approved rendering: စည်းစနစ်တကျ
Transliteration: a-sin-alite
Doctrine: Order in Worship
Original: τάξις
Category: Order in Worship
NEW. 1 Corinthians 14:40: ‘let all things be done decently and in order’ — the chapter’s summary principle.
Patience
Approved rendering: စိတ်ရှည်ခြင်း
Transliteration: seit-shay-chin
Doctrine: Love as the Greater Way
Original: μακροθυμία
Category: Love as the Greater Way
NEW. 1 Corinthians 13:4: ‘love is patient’ — opening trait of the love-portrait.
Prize
Approved rendering: ဆုလာဘ်
Transliteration: su-larp
Doctrine: Apostleship and Ministry
Original: βραβεῖον
Category: Church Ministry
NEW. 1 Corinthians 9:24. Athletic metaphor for wholehearted gospel labor; must not be read as a merit-reward earning salvation itself.
Prophecy
Approved rendering: ပရောဖက်ပြုချက်
Transliteration: parawpeq-pyu-chet
Doctrine: Fulfillment of Prophecy / Order in Worship (elevated context)
Rejected alternatives: ဗေဒင်စာတမ်း
Original: προφητεία
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package (baseline Low risk). ELEVATED to High risk in the worship-order context of chs.12-14, where prophecy is a spiritual gift preferred over uninterpreted tongues for corporate edification; must be distinguished from ဗေဒင် (astrology/fortune-telling).
Servant
Approved rendering: အစေခံ
Transliteration: a-say-khan
Doctrine: Apostleship and Ministry
Original: ὑπηρέτης
Category: Church Ministry
NEW. 1 Corinthians 4:1. Apostles as Christ’s servants, not independent authorities to be factionally championed.
Thanksgiving
Approved rendering: ကျေးဇူးတင်ခြင်း
Transliteration: kyayzu-tin-chin
Doctrine: Thanksgiving
Original: εὐχαριστία / εὐχαριστέω
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans package. Standard term (1:4; 14:16-18); minor risk of collapsing into ritual merit-dedication language (ကုသိုလ်ရှေးရေး).
Type Example
Approved rendering: နမူနာ
Transliteration: nah-mu-nah
Doctrine: Christian Liberty and Idol Meat
Original: τύπος
Category: Christian Liberty and Idol Meat
NEW. 1 Corinthians 10:6,11. Israel’s wilderness failures as instructive warning-patterns.
Varieties Of Gifts
Approved rendering: အမျိုးမျိုးသောဆု
Transliteration: a-myo-myo-thaw-su
Doctrine: Spiritual Gifts and the Body of Christ
Original: διαίρεσις
Category: Spiritual Gifts and the Body of Christ
NEW. 1 Corinthians 12:4-6: ‘varieties of gifts… same Spirit’ — unity of source amid diversity of manifestation.
Victory
Approved rendering: အောင်ပွဲ
Transliteration: aung-pwè
Doctrine: The Resurrection of Christ and Believers
Original: νίκη
Category: Resurrection
NEW. 1 Corinthians 15:54-57: ‘death is swallowed up in victory.‘
Weak Brother
Approved rendering: အားနည်းသူ
Transliteration: arr-nè-thu
Doctrine: Christian Liberty and Idol Meat / Self-Control and Christian Liberty
Original: ἀσθενής
Category: Christian Liberty and Idol Meat
NEW. 1 Corinthians 8:9-12. The believer with less settled conviction, to be protected from stumbling, never despised.
Referenced passages