Core Glossary
08 Core Glossary — Jude
This glossary lists every load-bearing theological term identified in 07_semantic_analysis.md, drawn from every verse of Jude (1:1–25). Terms are grouped by status (baseline reuse vs. new term) and cross-referenced to the six curriculum doctrines:
D1 = Contending for the Faith Once Delivered · D2 = Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers · D3 = Old Testament Warnings as Types (Israel, Angels, Sodom) · D4 = Mercy and Rescue of the Wavering · D5 = Kept by God and Presented Blameless · D6 = Doxology and God’s Preserving Power
A. Baseline Terms Reused Exactly (No Deviation Permitted)
| Term (EN) | Burmese Rendering | Risk | Doctrine(s) | Verses | Reuse Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| God | ဘုရားသခင် | Critical | D2, D5, D6 | 1, 4, 21, 25 | Exact baseline rendering; never ဘုရား alone. |
| Jesus | ယေရှု | Critical | all | 1, 4, 17, 21, 25 | Exact baseline rendering. |
| Christ (established transliteration standard) | ခရစ်တော် | Critical | all | 1, 4, 17, 21, 25 | Per AI requirements transliteration standard. |
| Lord | သခင် | Critical | D2, D6 | 4, 5, 9, 14, 17, 21, 25 | Must be kept visibly distinct from new term “Sovereign” (v.4) — see Section B. |
| Father | အဖ | Critical | D5 | 1 | Combined with “God” as “God the Father” in v.1. |
| Holy Spirit | သန့်ရှင်းသောဝိညာဉ်တော် | Critical | D1 | 19, 20 | Never render bare ဝိညာဉ် even in negated form (v.19); always the full compound. |
| holy | သန့်ရှင်းသော | High | D1, D5 | 14, 20 | Applied to “holy ones” (angels, v.14) and “most holy faith” (v.20). |
| saints | သန့်ရှင်းသူများ | Medium | D1 | 3 | Recipients of the once-delivered faith. |
| faith | ယုံကြည်ခြင်း | Medium | D1 | 3, 5, 20 | Semantic range shift noted: objective “the faith” (body of doctrine) in v.3, v.20, vs. subjective belief in v.5 — flag for translator awareness. |
| grace | ကျေးဇူးတော် | Critical | D2 | 4 | Perverted into licentiousness by false teachers — sharpest grace-abuse passage in the corpus. |
| salvation (root ကယ်တင်) | ကယ်တင်ခြင်း | Critical | D3, D4, D6 | 3, 5, 23, 25 | Used across Israel-type (v.5), rescue-of-wavering (v.23), and Savior title (v.25, new agent-noun ကယ်တင်ရှင်). |
| called | ခေါ်တော်မူသော | High | D5 | 1 | Matches baseline’s “called to sainthood/salvation” sense. |
| apostle | တမန်တော် | Medium | D1 | 17 | Grounds Jude’s warning in prior apostolic prediction. |
| glory | ဘုန်းတော် | High | D2, D5, D6 | 8, 24, 25 | Also underlies new term “glorious ones” (v.8) and doxology stacking (v.25). |
| peace | ငြိမ်သက်ခြင်း | Medium | D6 | 2 | Salutation triad: mercy, peace, love. |
| fellowship (root) | မိတ်သဟာယ | Low | D3 | 12 | Underlies new term “love feast” — distinguished from merit-almsgiving. |
| prophecy / prophet | ပရောဖက်ပြုချက် / ပရောဖက် | Low | D3 | 14 | Enoch’s citation; requires canon-scope teaching note. |
| Moses (proper name) | မောရှေ | Low | D3 | 9 | Established transliteration standard. |
| Adam (proper name) | အာဒံ | Low | D3 | 14 | Established transliteration standard. |
| David — n/a in Jude | — | — | — | — | Not present in Jude; listed in baseline only. |
| Amen | အာမင် | Low | D6 | 25 | Established transliteration standard. |
B. New Terms Introduced for the Jude Curriculum
| Term (EN) | Burmese Rendering | Transliteration | Risk | Doctrine(s) | Greek Original | Verses | Collision / Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| servant (of Christ) | ကျွန် | kyun | Medium | D1 | δοῦλος (doulos) | 1 | Honored devotion, not degradation; sensitivity note re: modern slavery associations. |
| beloved | ချစ်လှစွာသောသူ / ချစ်တော်မူသောသူ | chit-hla-swar-thu / chit-taw-mu-thaw-thu | Low | D4 | ἀγαπητός (agapētos) | 1, 3, 17, 20 | Pastoral address preceding warning; low ambiguity. |
| kept (by God) | ထိန်းသိမ်းတော်မူသော | htein-thein-taw-mu-thaw | High | D5 | τηρέω (tēreō) | 1, 6 (negative), 13, 24 | Anchor verb of the letter; must remain lexically consistent across positive (God keeps saints) and negative (angels failed to keep) uses to preserve Jude’s wordplay. |
| keep yourselves | ကိုယ်ကိုယ်ကို…ထိန်းသိမ်းထားကြလော့ | ko-go-ko-go…htein-thein-htar-kya-lo | High | D5 | τηρέω (tēreō), reflexive imperative | 21 | Human-responsibility complement to divine keeping; must not collapse into self-effort merit language. |
| kept from stumbling | ခလုတ်တိုက်ခြင်းမရှိစေရန် ထိန်းသိမ်းစောင့်ရှောက်ခြင်း | kha-lut-taik-chin-ma-shi-say-yan htein-thein-saung-shauk-chin | High | D5, D6 | φυλάσσω (phylassō) | 24 | Climactic doxological resolution of the letter’s keeping-motif. |
| contend for (the faith) | အပြင်းအထန် တိုက်ခိုက်ကာကွယ်ရန် | a-pyin-a-htan taik-khaik ka-kwe-yan | High | D1 | ἐπαγωνίζομαι (epagōnizomai) | 3 | Athletic-contest metaphor; avoid both literal-violence and merely-intellectual renderings. |
| faith once delivered | သန့်ရှင်းသူတို့အား တစ်ကြိမ်တည်း ပေးအပ်တော်မူသော ယုံကြည်ခြင်း | thangyin-thu-dotwe-ar ta-kyain-tee pay-a-hpu-taw-mu-thaw yunkyichin | High | D1 | ἅπαξ παραδοθείσῃ (hapax paradotheisē) | 3 | Objective, fixed doctrinal deposit; distinguish from Buddhist canon-closure and from open-ended folk-tradition transmission. |
| ungodly / ungodliness | ဘုရားမဲ့သော | Phayar-me-thaw | High | D2 | ἀσεβής / ἀσέβεια (asebēs / asebeia) | 4, 15, 18 | Non-theistic Theravada framework may not register “godless” as a serious indictment; requires explicit teaching note on active rebellion vs. mere absence of devotion. |
| condemnation / judgment (verdict) | အပြစ်ဒဏ်စီရင်ချက် | a-pyit-dan-si-yin-chet | Critical | D2, D3 | κρίμα (krima) | 4 | Personal divine verdict, not automatic karmic ripening. |
| judgment (act/process) | တရားစီရင်ခြင်း | tayar-si-yin-chin | Critical | D2, D3 | κρίσις (krisis) | 6, 9, 15 | See krima note; also underlies “great day” (v.6) and “execute judgment” (v.15). |
| great day | ကြီးမြတ်သောနေ့ | kyi-myat-thaw-nay | High | D2 | μεγάλη ἡμέρα (megalē hēmera) | 6 | Fixed, singular, future Day — not a repeating cosmic-age cycle. |
| eternal (applied to judgment) | ထာဝရ | htar-wa-yar | Critical | D2, D3 | ἀΐδιος / αἰώνιος (aidios / aiōnios) | 6, 7, 13 | Collides with finite-duration Buddhist naraka doctrine; mandatory translator note on every occurrence. |
| licentiousness / sensuality | ကာမဂုက်လွန်ကျူးသော အကျင့်ပျက်မှု | kama-guk-lwan-kyu-thaw a-kyin-pyet-hmu | Medium-High | D2 | ἀσέλγεια (aselgeia) | 4 | Grace perverted into license; sharpen distinction from ordinary sin vocabulary. |
| only Sovereign / Master | တစ်ဆူတည်းသော အုပ်စိုးရှင် | ta-su-tee-thaw ohk-soe-shin | High | D2, D6 | δεσπότης (despotēs) | 4 | Must remain visibly distinct from သခင် (kyrios/Lord) to preserve Jude’s double-title emphasis. |
| deny | ငြင်းပယ်သော | nyin-pae-thaw | Medium | D2 | ἀρνέομαι (arneomai) | 4 | Active repudiation; distinguish from milder “doubt/waver” (v.22). |
| destroyed / perished | ပျက်စီးစေတော်မူသည် / ပျက်စီးသည် | pyet-si-say-taw-mu-thi / pyet-si-thi | High | D3 | ἀπόλλυμι (apollymi) | 5, 10, 11 | Punitive ruin by a personal God, not annihilation-as-release (nirvana). |
| angels | ကောင်းကင်တမန် | kaung-kin-ta-man | Medium | D3 | ἄγγελος (angelos) | 6, 9 | Created, morally accountable beings; distinguish from the nat spirit-pantheon. |
| Sodom and Gomorrah | သောဒုံနှင့်ဂေါမောရ | Thaw-dohn-hnint-Gaw-maw-yar | Medium | D3 | Σόδομα καὶ Γόμορρα | 7 | Third OT type; requires Genesis 19 background teaching. |
| unnatural desire / strange flesh | ဖန်ဆင်းအမူအရာနှင့်ဆန့်ကျင်သော ကာမပျော်မွေ့မှု | phan-hsin-a-mu-a-yar-hnint-hsan-kyin-thaw kama-pyaw-mway-hmu | High | D2, D3 | σαρκὸς ἑτέρας (sarkos heteras) | 7 | Sensitive content; requires theologian + native-speaker joint review for pastoral accuracy. |
| flesh (sinful nature — negative sense) | ဇာတိပကတိ | zar-ti-pa-ka-ti | High | D2 | σάρξ (sarx, negative sense) | 7, 8, 23 | MUST NOT reuse လူ့ဇာတိ (reserved for Christ’s sinless incarnation in baseline). Hard rule for translation memory. |
| reject authority | အာဏာပိုင်ခွင့်ကို ပစ်ပယ်ခြင်း | ar-nar-paing-khwin-go pyit-pae-chin | Medium | D2 | κυριότης ἀθετέω | 8 | Interpretive ambiguity (angelic or Christ’s authority); flag for reviewer decision. |
| glorious ones (dignities) | ဘုန်းတန်ခိုးရှင်များ | pon-tan-khoe-shin-myar | Medium | D2 | δόξαι (doxai, concrete) | 8 | Avoid assimilation into nat-spirit honorific hierarchy. |
| the devil | မာရ်နတ် | Mar-nat | Critical | D2, D3 | διάβολος (diabolos) | 9 | Entrenched Myanmar Bible term collides lexically with the Buddhist Mara figure; mandatory disambiguating translator note on every occurrence. |
| archangel Michael | ကောင်းကင်တမန်အကြီးအကဲ မိက္ခေလ | kaung-kin-ta-man-a-kyi-a-ke Meik-khay-la | Low | D3 | Μιχαὴλ ὁ ἀρχάγγελος | 9 | Established transliteration pattern. |
| rebuke | ဆုံးမခြင်း | sohn-ma-chin | Low | D2 | ἐπιτιμάω (epitimaō) | 9 | Restrained, God-deferring speech model. |
| way of Cain | ကာဣန၏လမ်းစဉ် | Ka-i-na-i-lan-sin | Medium | D3 | ὁδὸς τοῦ Κάϊν | 11 | Requires Genesis 4 background. |
| error of Balaam | ဗာလမ်၏လွဲမှားခြင်း | Bar-lan-i-lwe-mhar-chin | Medium | D3 | πλάνη τοῦ Βαλαάμ | 11 | Requires Numbers 22–24 background; πλάνη echoes “wandering stars” (v.13). |
| rebellion of Korah | ကောရ၏ ဆန့်ကျင်ပုန်ကန်ခြင်း | Kaw-ra-i-hsan-kyin-pon-kan-chin | Medium | D3 | ἀντιλογία τοῦ Κόρε | 11 | Requires Numbers 16 background. |
| love feast | မေတ္တာစားပွဲ | met-tar-sar-pwe | Medium | D3 | ἀγάπαι (agapai) | 12 | Distinguish from merit-generating monastic almsgiving occasions. |
| wandering stars | လမ်းလွှဲသွားသော ကြယ်များ | lan-hlwe-thwar-thaw kyay-myar | Low | D2 | ἀστέρες πλανῆται | 13 | Cosmic-disorder imagery, echoes v.11’s πλάνη. |
| Enoch (proper name + citation) | ဧနောက် | Hay-nauk | Medium | D3 | Ἑνώχ | 14 | Extra-canonical prophetic citation; requires canon-scope teaching note. |
| ungodly deeds / ungodly sinners | အသီးအသီးသော ဘုရားမဲ့မှုလုပ်ရပ်များ / ဘုရားမဲ့သောအပြစ်သားများ | a-thi-a-thi-thaw Phayar-me-hmu-lok-yat-myar / Phayar-me-thaw-a-pyit-thar-myar | High | D2 | ἔργα ἀσεβείας / ἁμαρτωλοὶ ἀσεβεῖς | 15 | Densest accountability-vocabulary stacking in the letter. |
| last times | နောက်ဆုံးကာလ | nauk-sohn-kar-lar | Medium | D2 | ἔσχατος χρόνος | 18 | Final, unrepeated era — not one phase of a repeating cosmic cycle. |
| scoffers | လှောင်ပြောင်ပြက်ရယ်ပြုသူများ | hlaung-pyaung-pyet-yat-pyu-thu-myar | Medium | D2 | ἐμπαῖκται (empaiktai) | 18 | |
| worldly / soul-only | လောကီစိတ်ရှိသူများ | lo-ki-seik-shi-thu-myar | High | D2 | ψυχικός (psychikos) | 19 | Distinguish from Buddhist consciousness-vocabulary (citta/viññāṇa) present in every being; this names the specific absence of regeneration. |
| devoid of the Spirit | ဘုရားသခင်၏ သန့်ရှင်းသောဝိညာဉ်တော် မရှိသူများ | Phayarthakhin-i thangyinthaw-weinnyin-taw ma-shi-thu-myar | Critical | D2 | πνεῦμα μὴ ἔχοντες | 19 | Never render as bare ဝိညာဉ်မရှိသူများ; must reference the full Holy Spirit compound to avoid a “soulless” misreading. |
| mercy | ကရုဏာတော် | karuna-taw | High | D4, D6 | ἔλεος (eleos) | 2, 21, 22, 23 | MAJOR COLLISION: identical root to the Buddhist Brahmavihara “karuna” (impartial, self-cultivated compassion). Biblical mercy is God’s personal, covenantal favor toward particular sinners because of Christ — requires the same explicit teaching-note treatment the baseline gives to grace vs. merit. |
| wavering / doubting | ယုံမှားနေသူများ | yun-mhar-nay-thu-myar | Medium | D4 | διακρινόμενος (diakrinomenos) | 22 | Echoes v.9’s “contended” root in a shifted sense; treat pastorally, distinct from “ungodly” apostasy. |
| snatch from the fire (rescue) | မီးထဲမှ ဆွဲနှုတ်၍ ကယ်တင်ခြင်း | mi-hte-hma hswe-nut-yi kaetin-chin | High | D4 | ἐκ πυρὸς ἁρπάζοντες σῴζετε | 23 | Vivid rescue-by-another imagery; parallels baseline salvation vs. self-attained escape distinction. |
| hating the defiled garment | ဇာတိပကတိအညစ်အကြေးစွန်းသော အင်္ကျီကိုမျှ ရွံရှာမုန်းတီးခြင်း | zar-ti-pa-ka-ti-a-nyit-a-kyay-swan-thaw in-ji-go-hmya ywan-shar-mon-ti-chin | Medium | D2, D4 | χιτῶνα ἐσπιλωμένον | 23 | Levitical purity background; avoid Buddhist merit/demerit purity-framework misreading. |
| blameless (presented) | အပြစ်ကင်းစွာ (တင်ဆက်ခြင်း) | a-pyit-kin-swa (tin-set-chin) | Critical | D5 | ἄμωμος (amōmos) | 24 | Follows baseline’s imputed_righteousness pattern: credited/granted standing, not self-attained through merit or discipline. |
| Savior | ကယ်တင်ရှင် | kaetin-shin | Critical | D5, D6 | σωτήρ (sōtēr) | 25 | Agent-noun on the baseline ကယ်တင်ခြင်း root; must not evoke the Buddha as refuge-figure (ကိုးကွယ်ရာ). |
| majesty | ဘုန်းဂုဏ်ကြီးမြတ်ခြင်း | pon-gun-kyi-myat-chin | High | D6 | μεγαλωσύνη (megalōsynē) | 25 | Part of fourfold doxological stacking. |
| dominion | အုပ်စိုးအာဏာ | ohk-soe-ar-nar | High | D6 | κράτος (kratos) | 25 | Distinguish from political/territorial dominion. |
| power / authority (doxological) | အခွင့်အာဏာ | a-khwin-ar-nar | High | D6 | ἐξουσία (exousia) | 25 | Kept distinct from baseline “power_of_god” (ဘုရားသခင်၏တန်ခိုးတော်, used specifically of saving power in Romans 1:16). |
| forever / all ages | ခေတ်ကာလအလုံးစုံ…အစဉ်အမြဲ | khit-kar-lar-a-loun-son…a-sin-a-mye | Medium-High | D6 | αἰών (aiōn) | 25 | Linear, unbroken eternity — not a repeating kalpa-cycle. |
| eternal life | ထာဝရအသက် | htar-wa-yar-a-thet | High | D4, D5 | ζωὴν αἰώνιον | 21 | Unending relational life with God, not cessation of personal existence in nirvana. |
C. Summary Risk Counts (Jude New Terms)
| Risk Tier | Count | Review Routing |
|---|---|---|
| Critical | 8 | Human theologian required for every occurrence |
| High | 16 | Human theologian required |
| Medium | 15 | Native speaker review recommended |
| Low | 5 | Automated review sufficient |
Note: counts reflect the 44 new-term entries in Section B only; Section A baseline-reused terms retain their original baseline risk classification and routing per doctrine_risk_registry.json.
D. Cross-Doctrine Term Map
| Doctrine | Key Terms (new + reused) |
|---|---|
| D1 — Contending for the Faith Once Delivered | contend for, faith once delivered, faith [BASELINE], saints [BASELINE], apostle [BASELINE], servant |
| D2 — Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers | ungodly, condemnation/judgment (krima/krisis), great day, eternal (judgment), licentiousness, only Sovereign, deny, reject authority, glorious ones, ungodly deeds, last times, scoffers, worldly/soul-only, devoid of the Spirit, flesh (sinful sense), grace [BASELINE, abused] |
| D3 — OT Warnings as Types | destroyed/perished, angels, Sodom and Gomorrah, unnatural desire, way of Cain, error of Balaam, rebellion of Korah, love feast, wandering stars, Enoch, the devil, archangel Michael, rebuke |
| D4 — Mercy and Rescue of the Wavering | mercy, wavering/doubting, snatch from the fire, hating the defiled garment, eternal life, salvation [BASELINE] |
| D5 — Kept by God and Presented Blameless | kept (by God), keep yourselves, kept from stumbling, blameless, called [BASELINE], holy [BASELINE] |
| D6 — Doxology and God’s Preserving Power | kept from stumbling, Savior, majesty, dominion, power/authority, forever/all ages, glory [BASELINE], only Sovereign, mercy |
End of Core Glossary — Jude.
Critical Risk Terms
Blameless
Approved rendering: အပြစ်ကင်းစွာ
Transliteration: a-pyit-kin-swa
Doctrine: Kept by God and Presented Blameless
Original: ἄμωμος
Category: Salvation
Gr. ἄμωμος (amōmos), Jude 1:24. Follows the baseline’s imputed_righteousness pattern exactly: a standing credited/granted by God through Christ’s finished work and presented by God’s own keeping power, never a status self-attained through accumulated moral merit or parami.
Christ
Approved rendering: ခရစ်တော်
Transliteration: Khayitto
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Original: Χριστός
Category: Christology
[Inherited from Romans package] Not a standalone term key in the baseline translation_memory.json, but fixed as the established Myanmar Bible transliteration standard in the Romans AI Translation Requirements transliteration list. Retained without modification for Jude’s compound title ‘Jesus Christ our Lord’ (1:1, 1:4, 1:17, 1:21, 1:25).
Condemnation
Approved rendering: အပြစ်ဒဏ်စီရင်ချက်
Transliteration: a-pyit-dan-si-yin-chet
Doctrine: Divine Judgment as Personal Verdict (Krima/Krisis)
Rejected alternatives: ကံ (kan/karma) framing implying impersonal self-executing cause-effect
Original: κρίμα
Category: Judgment
Gr. κρίμα (krima), the settled verdict (Jude 1:4). Must be taught against the pervasive Burmese frame of ကံ; Jude’s krima is a specific verdict rendered by a personal God against specific persons for specific rebellion. Theologian review required every occurrence.
Devoid Of Spirit
Approved rendering: ဘုရားသခင်၏ သန့်ရှင်းသောဝိညာဉ်တော် မရှိသူများ
Transliteration: Phayarthakhin-i thangyinthaw-weinnyin-taw ma-shi-thu-myar
Doctrine: Worldliness and the Absence of the Indwelling Spirit
Rejected alternatives: ဝိညာဉ်မရှိသူများ (bare rendering, risks a misleading ‘soulless/lifeless’ reading)
Original: πνεῦμα μὴ ἔχοντες
Category: God
Gr. πνεῦμα μὴ ἔχοντες, Jude 1:19. Must reference the FULL baseline Holy Spirit compound; the baseline’s critical prohibition on a bare ဝိညာဉ် rendering applies with full force here.
Eternal Judgment
Approved rendering: ထာဝရ
Transliteration: htar-wa-yar
Doctrine: Eternal, Non-Cyclical Judgment
Rejected alternatives: ငရဲကာလအကန့်အသတ်ရှိသည့် ဖော်ပြချက် (any phrasing implying finite, karma-proportional duration)
Original: ἀΐδιος / αἰώνιος (applied to chains, fire, darkness)
Category: Judgment
Gr. ἀΐδιος / αἰώνιος (aidios/aiōnios) applied to judicial punishment (Jude 1:6 chains, 1:7 fire, 1:13 darkness). Collides directly with the Buddhist cosmology of naraka (finite, karma-proportional hell-realms with eventual release). Mandatory theologian-reviewed translator note on every occurrence asserting no future release.
Father
Approved rendering: အဖ
Transliteration: a-pha
Doctrine: Adoption into God’s Family
Rejected alternatives: ဗြဟ္မာ
Original: πατήρ
Category: God
[Inherited from Romans package] CRITICAL: never ဗြဟ္မာ (Brahma). In Jude 1:1, forms the compound ‘beloved in God the Father,’ establishing the letter’s opening relational frame before any warning is given.
God
Approved rendering: ဘုရားသခင်
Transliteration: Phayarthakhin
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Rejected alternatives: ဘုရား, နတ်သခင်
Original: θεός
Category: God
[Inherited from Romans package] CRITICAL: ဘုရား alone (phaya) is the everyday word for a Buddha image, a pagoda, or the Buddha himself, and နတ်သခင် evokes the ranked nat-spirit pantheon. ဘုရားသခင်, the established Christian compound since Judson, must always be used in full. In Jude, this term anchors ‘beloved in God the Father’ (1:1), ‘the love of God’ (1:21), and ‘only God, our Savior’ (1:25) — the letter’s closing doxology depends on this term’s full monotheistic force.
Grace
Approved rendering: ကျေးဇူးတော်
Transliteration: kyayzu-taw
Doctrine: Grace
Rejected alternatives: ကုသိုလ်, ကံကောင်းခြင်း, ဝါသနာတော်
Original: χάρις
Category: Salvation
[Inherited from Romans package] CRITICAL: never ကုသိုလ် or ကံကောင်းခြင်း. In Jude 1:4, this is the sharpest grace-abuse passage in the whole corpus: false teachers pervert grace ITSELF into a license for licentiousness (see new term licentiousness below). This requires an ADDITIONAL distinction beyond the baseline’s grace-vs-merit teaching note: grace as unmerited favor vs. grace twisted into license for sin.
Holy Spirit
Approved rendering: သန့်ရှင်းသောဝိညာဉ်တော်
Transliteration: thangyinthaw weinnyin-taw
Doctrine: Sanctification
Rejected alternatives: နတ်ဝိညာဉ်, ဝိညာဉ်
Original: πνεῦμα ἅγιον
Category: God
[Inherited from Romans package] CRITICAL: never bare ဝိညာဉ် or နတ်ဝိညာဉ်. In Jude 1:19-20, this compound must be used in full even in the NEGATED form (‘devoid of the Spirit,’ see devoid_of_spirit new term below) to avoid a misleading ‘soulless’ reading in ordinary Burmese.
Jesus
Approved rendering: ယေရှု
Transliteration: Yayshu
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: ရှင်ယေရှု
Original: Ἰησοῦς
Category: Christology
[Inherited from Romans package] Standard Myanmar Bible form since the Judson translation. In Jude, occurs in the compound titles ‘Jesus Christ’ (1:1, 1:4, 1:17, 1:21, 1:25) and must remain lexically identical across all five occurrences.
Judgment Process
Approved rendering: တရားစီရင်ခြင်း
Transliteration: tayar-si-yin-chin
Doctrine: Divine Judgment as Personal Verdict (Krima/Krisis)
Rejected alternatives: ကံ ripening/impersonal karmic process language
Original: κρίσις
Category: Judgment
Gr. κρίσις (krisis), the act/process of judging, distinguished from the settled verdict (krima). Occurs at Jude 1:6 (fallen angels), 1:9 (Michael’s restraint from bringing ‘a reviling judgment’), and 1:15 (final judgment of all the ungodly). Cumulative Critical risk across four occurrences in a single short letter.
Lord
Approved rendering: သခင်
Transliteration: thakhin
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: ဘုရင်, ဆရာသခင်
Original: κύριος
Category: Christology
[Inherited from Romans package] Must convey exclusive supreme authority. In Jude 1:4, this term (κύριος) is deliberately paired with the NEW term ‘only_sovereign’ (δεσπότης) in a double-title stacking that must remain visibly distinct in Burmese — see only_sovereign entry below. Also occurs at 1:5, 1:9, 1:14, 1:17, 1:21, 1:25.
Salvation
Approved rendering: ကယ်တင်ခြင်း
Transliteration: kaetin-chin
Doctrine: Salvation
Rejected alternatives: နိဗ္ဗာန်ရောက်ခြင်း, လွတ်မြောက်ခြင်း
Original: σωτηρία
Category: Salvation
[Inherited from Romans package] CRITICAL: never နိဗ္ဗာန်ရောက်ခြင်း. In Jude 1:3, described as ‘common salvation’ shared equally by all believers — must never be rendered in a way suggesting graduated individual attainment (echoing lay Buddhist merit-tiers). Also underlies the Exodus type of 1:5 and the agent-noun ‘Savior’ (savior, new term below, 1:25).
Savior
Approved rendering: ကယ်တင်ရှင်
Transliteration: kaetin-shin
Doctrine: Salvation as Rescue Performed by Another
Rejected alternatives: ကိုးကွယ်ရာ (refuge figure evoking the Buddha-as-refuge concept)
Original: σωτήρ
Category: Salvation
Gr. σωτήρ (sōtēr), Jude 1:25, ‘only God, our Savior.’ Agent-noun built directly on the baseline salvation root ကယ်တင်ခြင်း. Must not evoke the Buddha as a refuge/deliverer-teacher figure; pairs with ‘only God’ to preserve exclusive monotheism.
The Devil
Approved rendering: မာရ်နတ်
Transliteration: Mar-nat
Doctrine: The Devil as a Personal Fallen Spirit
Original: διάβολος
Category: Spiritual Beings
Gr. διάβολος (diabolos), Jude 1:9. Entrenched Myanmar Bible term reusing the name ‘Mara,’ the tempter of the Buddha’s enlightenment narrative; cannot practically be replaced without breaking whole-corpus continuity. Every occurrence requires a mandatory theologian-reviewed disambiguating note: the biblical devil is a personal, historical, fallen created spirit under final judgment, categorically different from the Buddhist Mara figure. NEVER echo Watchtower-tradition identification of Michael with Christ in connection with this term (see 12_ai_translation_requirements.md escalation rules).
High Risk Terms
Called
Approved rendering: ခေါ်တော်မူသော
Transliteration: khaw-taw-mu-thaw
Doctrine: Divine Calling
Rejected alternatives: ဖိတ်ခေါ်ခြင်း
Original: κλητός
Category: Salvation
[Inherited from Romans package] In Jude 1:1, matches the baseline’s ‘called to salvation/sainthood’ register (cf. Romans 1:6-7, 8:28-30) — the recipients are ‘called,’ ‘beloved,’ and ‘kept’ before any warning begins.
Contend For The Faith
Approved rendering: အပြင်းအထန် တိုက်ခိုက်ကာကွယ်ရန်
Transliteration: a-pyin-a-htan taik-khaik ka-kwe-yan
Doctrine: Contending for the Faith Once Delivered
Rejected alternatives: တိုက်ပွဲဝင်ရန် (implies literal physical/political combat), ဆွေးနွေးရန် (softens to mere intellectual discussion, loses agonistic urgency)
Original: ἐπαγωνίζομαι
Category: Faith
Gr. ἐπαγωνίζομαι (epagōnizomai), athletic-contest metaphor (Jude 1:3). Must avoid both a militant misreading and a merely-discursive softening. Requires translator note on every occurrence.
Destroyed Perished
Approved rendering: ပျက်စီးစေတော်မူသည်
Transliteration: pyet-si-say-taw-mu-thi
Doctrine: Old Testament Warnings as Types (Israel, Angels, Sodom)
Original: ἀπόλλυμι
Category: Judgment
Gr. ἀπόλλυμι (apollymi). Punitive, historical ruin by a personal God (Jude 1:5 unbelieving Israel, 1:10 corrupted false teachers, 1:11 those who perished in Korah’s rebellion). Must be distinguished from the peaceful cessation of craving sought in nirvana; alternate form ပျက်စီးသည် (pyet-si-thi) for intransitive occurrences.
Dominion
Approved rendering: အုပ်စိုးအာဏာ
Transliteration: ohk-soe-ar-nar
Doctrine: Doxology and God’s Preserving Power
Original: κράτος
Category: God
Gr. κράτος (kratos), Jude 1:25. Must be distinguished from political/territorial dominion; this is God’s total, uncontested cosmic rule.
Eternal Life
Approved rendering: ထာဝရအသက်
Transliteration: htar-wa-yar-a-thet
Doctrine: Eternal Life and God’s Unending Reign
Original: ζωὴν αἰώνιον
Category: Salvation
Gr. ζωὴν αἰώνιον, Jude 1:21. Already the established Myanmar Christian phrase. Must be distinguished from the cessation-of-existence model of nirvana: unending, personal, relational life WITH God, not cessation of personal existence.
Faith Once Delivered
Approved rendering: သန့်ရှင်းသူတို့အား တစ်ကြိမ်တည်း ပေးအပ်တော်မူသော ယုံကြည်ခြင်း
Transliteration: thangyin-thu-dotwe-ar ta-kyain-tee pay-a-hpu-taw-mu-thaw yunkyichin
Doctrine: Contending for the Faith Once Delivered
Rejected alternatives: ဘာသာတရား (would reify ‘the faith’ as a whole religious institution comparable to Buddhism, not a specific apostolic deposit)
Original: τῇ ἅπαξ παραδοθείσῃ…πίστει
Category: Faith
Gr. τῇ ἅπαξ παραδοθείσῃ…πίστει (Jude 1:3). Objective, fixed doctrinal deposit. Mandatory translator note every occurrence distinguishing this from (1) the Buddhist frame of a canon closed at councils (the Tipitaka), and (2) the fluid, locally reinterpretable oral traditions of nat-worship and astrology. Also underlies ‘most holy faith’ (1:20).
Flesh Sinful Nature
Approved rendering: ဇာတိပကတိ
Transliteration: zar-ti-pa-ka-ti
Doctrine: Sexual Immorality and Indulgence of Sinful Flesh
Rejected alternatives: လူ့ဇာတိ (reserved exclusively for Christ’s sinless incarnation per Romans baseline; must never be reused for sinful flesh)
Original: σάρξ (negative sense)
Category: Sin
Gr. σάρξ (sarx), NEGATIVE sense (Jude 1:7, 1:8, 1:23). HARD RULE: never reuse လူ့ဇာတိ, the baseline term for Christ’s sinless assumption of human nature (Romans incarnation doctrine). Conflating the two would make Christ’s sinlessness and the false teachers’ corrupted indulgence lexically identical.
Forever All Ages
Approved rendering: ခေတ်ကာလအလုံးစုံ…အစဉ်အမြဲ
Transliteration: khit-kar-lar-a-loun-son…a-sin-a-mye
Doctrine: Eternal Life and God’s Unending Reign
Rejected alternatives: ကမ္ဘာလှည့်ပတ်ခြင်းဆိုင်ရာ ထာဝရဘွား ဖော်ပြချက် (cyclical world-age framing)
Original: αἰών
Category: God
Gr. αἰών (aiōn), Jude 1:25, ‘before all time, and now, and forever.’ Must be taught against Buddhist cyclical cosmology (repeating kalpas): a single, unbroken, linear eternity of God’s unchanging reign.
Glory
Approved rendering: ဘုန်းတော်
Transliteration: phon-taw
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Rejected alternatives: ဘုန်းကံ
Original: δόξα
Category: God
[Inherited from Romans package] ဘုန်း alone is ambiguous with merit-power (ဘုန်းကံ); ဘုန်းတော် names God’s own inherent radiant honor. In Jude, underlies both the abstract doxological usage (1:24, 1:25) and the concrete plural sense requiring the NEW compound term ‘glorious_ones’ below (1:8, of exalted celestial beings the false teachers blaspheme).
Great Day
Approved rendering: ကြီးမြတ်သောနေ့
Transliteration: kyi-myat-thaw-nay
Doctrine: Eternal, Non-Cyclical Judgment
Rejected alternatives: ကမ္ဘာအဆက်ဆက် လှည့်ပတ်ခြင်းဆိုင်ရာ ခေတ်ကာလ (repeating kalpa-cycle framing)
Original: μεγάλη ἡμέρα
Category: Eschatology
Gr. μεγάλη ἡμέρα (megalē hēmera), Jude 1:6. Anchors a fixed, singular, future Day of judgment, not a repeating cosmic cycle of world-ages.
Holy
Approved rendering: သန့်ရှင်းသော
Transliteration: thangyin-thaw
Doctrine: Sanctification
Rejected alternatives: စင်ကြယ်သော
Original: ἅγιος
Category: Sanctification
[Inherited from Romans package] Set apart for God and morally pure. In Jude, applied to ‘holy ones’ (angels, 1:14) and ‘most holy faith’ (1:20, superlative form).
Keep Yourselves
Approved rendering: ကိုယ်ကိုယ်ကို ဘုရားသခင်၏ မေတ္တာတော်၌ ထိန်းသိမ်းထားကြလော့
Transliteration: ko-go-ko-go Phayarthakhin-i mettar-taw-hnaik htein-thein-htar-kya-lo
Doctrine: Human Responsibility in Perseverance
Original: τηρέω (reflexive imperative)
Category: Preservation
Gr. τηρέω, reflexive imperative (Jude 1:21). Human-responsibility complement to divine keeping (1:1, 1:24). Must be framed as a response enabled by and resting on God’s prior keeping, never as an independent self-effort discipline resembling merit accumulation (ကုသိုလ်ပြုခြင်း) or precept-observance (သီလလိုက်နာခြင်း).
Kept By God
Approved rendering: ထိန်းသိမ်းတော်မူသော
Transliteration: htein-thein-taw-mu-thaw
Doctrine: Kept by God and Presented Blameless
Original: τηρέω
Category: Preservation
Gr. τηρέω (tēreō). Anchor verb of the whole letter (Jude 1:1, 1:6 negated of angels, 1:13, 1:21 reflexive, 1:24 as φυλάσσω). Must remain lexically consistent across ALL occurrences — positive (God keeps the saints) and negative (angels failed to keep their domain) — so Jude’s deliberate wordplay is preserved. Do not introduce synonyms for stylistic variety.
Kept From Stumbling
Approved rendering: ခလုတ်တိုက်ခြင်းမရှိစေရန် ထိန်းသိမ်းစောင့်ရှောက်နိုင်တော်မူသော
Transliteration: kha-lut-taik-chin-ma-shi-say-yan htein-thein-saung-shauk-nai-taw-mu-thaw
Doctrine: Doxology and God’s Preserving Power
Original: φυλάσσω
Category: Preservation
Gr. φυλάσσω (phylassō), a near-synonym of τηρέω. Climactic sixth occurrence of the letter’s keeping-vocabulary (Jude 1:24). Resolves the divine-sovereignty/human-responsibility tension by attributing FINAL preservation entirely to God’s power, not accumulated self-discipline.
Licentiousness
Approved rendering: ကာမဂုက်လွန်ကျူးသော အကျင့်ပျက်မှု
Transliteration: kama-guk-lwan-kyu-thaw a-kyin-pyet-hmu
Doctrine: Perversion of Grace into License
Original: ἀσέλγεια
Category: Sin
Gr. ἀσέλγεια (aselgeia), Jude 1:4. Grace itself perverted into license; kept lexically distinct from generic sin vocabulary (အပြစ်) so the perversion-of-grace logic remains visible.
Majesty
Approved rendering: ဘုန်းဂုဏ်ကြီးမြတ်ခြင်း
Transliteration: pon-gun-kyi-myat-chin
Doctrine: Doxology and God’s Preserving Power
Original: μεγαλωσύνη
Category: God
Gr. μεγαλωσύνη (megalōsynē), part of the fourfold doxological ascription of Jude 1:25 (glory, majesty, dominion, power). Must not be read as poetic redundancy; each term ascribes a distinct total-sovereignty claim.
Mercy
Approved rendering: ကရုဏာတော်
Transliteration: karuna-taw
Doctrine: Mercy and Rescue of the Wavering
Original: ἔλεος
Category: Salvation
Gr. ἔλεος (eleos), Jude 1:2, 1:21, 1:22, 1:23 (four occurrences in twenty-five verses, an unusually high density). MAJOR COLLISION: ကရုဏာ is also one of the four Brahmavihara, a systematically cultivated, impartial, self-generated compassion extended equally to all beings apart from relationship or merit. Biblical eleos is God’s personal, sovereign, particular disposition toward specific sinners because of Christ, received rather than meditatively cultivated. No viable alternative Burmese term exists; the collision must be managed through mandatory teaching notes at every occurrence, following the exact pattern the baseline uses for grace vs. merit-making.
Only Sovereign
Approved rendering: တစ်ဆူတည်းသော အုပ်စိုးရှင်
Transliteration: ta-su-tee-thaw ohk-soe-shin
Doctrine: Denial of Christ’s Exclusive Lordship
Rejected alternatives: သခင် (would collapse the double-title stacking with kyrios/Lord)
Original: δεσπότης
Category: Christology
Gr. δεσπότης (despotēs), Jude 1:4, applied to Christ in immediate succession with κύριος (Lord). Must remain visibly distinct from the baseline term ‘lord’ (သခင်) so Jude’s rhetorical stacking of two distinct absolute titles is not collapsed.
Power Authority Doxological
Approved rendering: အခွင့်အာဏာ
Transliteration: a-khwin-ar-nar
Doctrine: Doxology and God’s Preserving Power
Original: ἐξουσία
Category: God
Gr. ἐξουσία (exousia), Jude 1:25. Kept deliberately DISTINCT from the baseline term ‘power_of_god’ (ဘုရားသခင်၏တန်ခိုးတော်, used specifically of God’s saving power in Romans 1:16); this term ascribes total governing authority in the doxological climax.
Power Of God
Approved rendering: ဘုရားသခင်၏တန်ခိုးတော်
Transliteration: Phayarthakhin i tankhoe-taw
Doctrine: Power of God for Salvation
Rejected alternatives: အနုဘော်တန်ခိုး
[Inherited from Romans package] God’s own personal power to save (Romans 1:16 usage). Retained here specifically so translators can see it held DISTINCT from Jude’s own doxological term ‘power_authority_doxological’ (new term below, Jude 1:25, ἐξουσία) — the two Greek concepts and their Burmese renderings must never be merged.
Sin
Approved rendering: အပြစ်
Transliteration: a-pyit
Doctrine: Universal Human Accountability
Rejected alternatives: အကုသိုလ်
[Inherited from Romans package] Moral transgression against a personal God, not merely အကုသိုလ် (karmic demerit). In Jude, underlies the compound ‘ungodly sinners’ (Jude 1:15, see new term ungodly_deeds_sinners below), the letter’s most concentrated stacking of accountability vocabulary.
Snatch From Fire
Approved rendering: မီးထဲမှ ဆွဲနှုတ်၍ ကယ်တင်ကြလော့
Transliteration: mi-hte-hma hswe-nut-yi kaetin-kya-lo
Doctrine: Salvation as Rescue Performed by Another
Original: ἐκ πυρὸς ἁρπάζοντες σῴζετε
Category: Salvation
Gr. ἐκ πυρὸς ἁρπάζοντες σῴζετε, Jude 1:23. Vivid urgent-rescue imagery; reinforces that salvation is an act performed BY another ON BEHALF OF the endangered, not self-attained. Preserve the forceful ‘seize/snatch’ verb; do not soften to passive ‘help/be saved.‘
Ungodly Deeds Sinners
Approved rendering: အသီးအသီးသော ဘုရားမဲ့မှုလုပ်ရပ်များ
Transliteration: a-thi-a-thi-thaw Phayar-me-hmu-lok-yat-myar
Doctrine: Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers
Original: ἔργα ἀσεβείας / ἁμαρτωλοὶ ἀσεβεῖς
Category: Sin
Gr. ἔργα ἀσεβείας / ἁμαρτωλοὶ ἀσεβεῖς, Jude 1:15. Combines the ‘ungodly’ root with the baseline term for sin (အပြစ်, High); the letter’s most concentrated stacking of accountability vocabulary. Alternate compound form: ဘုရားမဲ့သောအပြစ်သားများ (Phayar-me-thaw-a-pyit-thar-myar).
Ungodly
Approved rendering: ဘုရားမဲ့သော
Transliteration: Phayar-me-thaw
Doctrine: Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers
Original: ἀσεβής / ἀσέβεια
Category: Sin
Gr. ἀσεβής / ἀσέβεια (asebēs / asebeia). Dominant descriptor for the false teachers (Jude 1:4, 1:15, 1:18). Because Theravada Buddhism is non-theistic, ‘godless’ may not register as morally serious to a Burmese hearer. Mandatory translator note every occurrence: this names ACTIVE rebellion against a specific, revealed, sovereign God, not mere absence of religious devotion.
Unnatural Desire
Approved rendering: ဖန်ဆင်းအမူအရာနှင့်ဆန့်ကျင်သော ကာမပျော်မွေ့မှု
Transliteration: phan-hsin-a-mu-a-yar-hnint-hsan-kyin-thaw kama-pyaw-mway-hmu
Doctrine: Sexual Immorality and Indulgence of Sinful Flesh
Original: σαρκὸς ἑτέρας
Category: Sin
Gr. σαρκὸς ἑτέρας (sarkos heteras), Jude 1:7. Pastorally sensitive content requiring joint theologian and native-speaker review; must state the theological point (violation of the created order) plainly, without inflammatory or euphemistic softening.
Worldly Soul Only
Approved rendering: လောကီစိတ်ရှိသူများ
Transliteration: lo-ki-seik-shi-thu-myar
Doctrine: Worldliness and the Absence of the Indwelling Spirit
Rejected alternatives: Buddhist consciousness vocabulary (citta/viññāṇa) implying mere absence of ordinary mental faculty
Original: ψυχικός
Category: Sanctification
Gr. ψυχικός (psychikos), Jude 1:19. Possessing only natural, unregenerate human life, without the indwelling Holy Spirit. Must be carefully distinguished from Buddhist psychological vocabulary for consciousness/mind-states present in every being; Jude’s point is the specific absence of regeneration, a strictly Christian category.
Medium Risk Terms
Angels
Approved rendering: ကောင်းကင်တမန်
Transliteration: kaung-kin ta-man
Doctrine: Angelic Rebellion and Fallen Spirits
Rejected alternatives: နတ် (nat, ranked folk-spirit pantheon members venerated/propitiated)
Original: ἄγγελος
Category: Spiritual Beings
Gr. ἄγγελος (angelos), Jude 1:6, 1:9. Created, morally accountable messengers of God, distinct from the 37-nat pantheon propitiated in Burmese folk religion.
Apostle
Approved rendering: တမန်တော်
Transliteration: tamantaw
Doctrine: Apostleship
Rejected alternatives: ဆရာတော်, ဆရာကြီး
Original: ἀπόστολος
Category: Church
[Inherited from Romans package] In Jude 1:17, Jude grounds his warning in the prior, authoritative prediction of ‘the apostles of our Lord Jesus Christ,’ not novel personal opinion.
Deny
Approved rendering: ငြင်းပယ်သော
Transliteration: nyin-pae-thaw
Doctrine: Denial of Christ’s Exclusive Lordship
Original: ἀρνέομαι
Category: Christology
Gr. ἀρνέομαι (arneomai), Jude 1:4. Active repudiation, distinguished from the milder ‘wavering/doubting’ (see wavering_doubting below, 1:22).
Enoch
Approved rendering: ဧနောက်
Transliteration: Hay-nauk
Doctrine: Citation of Extra-Canonical Prophetic Witness (Enoch)
Original: Ἑνώχ
Category: Covenant
Gr. Ἑνώχ, Jude 1:14. The patriarch whose prophecy of judgment Jude cites, drawn from the extra-canonical Book of Enoch. Requires a translator/teaching note explaining the citation of non-canonical material as prophetic testimony, to preempt confusion about canon extent and closure.
Error Of Balaam
Approved rendering: ဗာလမ်၏လွဲမှားခြင်း
Transliteration: Bar-lan-i-lwe-mhar-chin
Doctrine: Old Testament Warnings as Types (Israel, Angels, Sodom)
Original: πλάνη τοῦ Βαλαάμ
Category: Judgment
Gr. πλάνη τοῦ Βαλαάμ, Jude 1:11. Requires supplied Numbers 22-24 background; πλάνη (error) lexically echoed in ‘wandering stars’ (1:13, see below).
Faith
Approved rendering: ယုံကြည်ခြင်း
Transliteration: yun-kyi-chin
Doctrine: Faith
Rejected alternatives: သဒ္ဓါတရား
Original: πίστις
Category: Faith
[Inherited from Romans package] In Jude, the semantic range shifts from Romans’ predominantly subjective sense (trust in Christ, cf. 1:5’s negated ‘did not believe’) to a predominantly OBJECTIVE sense in 1:3 and 1:20 — a fixed body of apostolic doctrine (‘the faith once delivered,’ ‘your most holy faith’). This objective sense requires the compound qualifiers recorded as new terms below; bare ယုံကြည်ခြင်း must not be assumed to carry the objective sense on its own.
Glorious Ones
Approved rendering: ဘုန်းတန်ခိုးရှင်များ
Transliteration: pon-tan-khoe-shin-myar
Doctrine: False Teachers Described through Natural and Social Imagery
Rejected alternatives: နတ်စု ဂုဏ်ရှိသူများ (honorific nat-spirit hierarchy phrasing)
Original: δόξαι (concrete plural)
Category: Spiritual Beings
Gr. δόξαι (doxai), concrete plural, Jude 1:8. Exalted celestial beings (likely angels) whom the false teachers blaspheme; must not be assimilated into the nat-spirit honorific hierarchy.
Hating Defiled Garment
Approved rendering: ဇာတိပကတိအညစ်အကြေးစွန်းသော အင်္ကျီကိုမျှ ရွံရှာမုန်းတီးခြင်း
Transliteration: zar-ti-pa-ka-ti-a-nyit-a-kyay-swan-thaw in-ji-go-hmya ywan-shar-mon-ti-chin
Doctrine: Mercy and Rescue of the Wavering
Original: χιτῶνα ἐσπιλωμένον
Category: Sanctification
Gr. χιτῶνα ἐσπιλωμένον, Jude 1:23. Levitical purity-metaphor imagery (cf. Lev 13-15); requires an OT background note and must not be read through the Buddhist purity/impurity (asuci) merit-and-demerit accounting framework.
Last Times
Approved rendering: နောက်ဆုံးကာလ
Transliteration: nauk-sohn-kar-lar
Doctrine: Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers
Original: ἔσχατος χρόνος
Category: Eschatology
Gr. ἔσχατος χρόνος, Jude 1:18. Must be understood as the final, unrepeated era before Christ’s return, not one phase within a repeating cosmic cycle.
Love Feast
Approved rendering: မေတ္တာစားပွဲ
Transliteration: met-tar-sar-pwe
Doctrine: Christian Fellowship and Love Feasts
Rejected alternatives: ဆွမ်းကျွေးပွဲ (merit-generating monastic almsgiving occasion)
Original: ἀγάπαι
Category: Church
Gr. ἀγάπαι (agapai), Jude 1:12. The shared covenant meal of the early church, exploited by the false teachers for self-indulgent feasting. Must be distinguished from merit-transaction almsgiving directed toward a religiously superior recipient; this is mutual fellowship among spiritual equals.
Peace
Approved rendering: ငြိမ်သက်ခြင်း
Transliteration: nyein-thet-chin
Doctrine: Peace with God
Rejected alternatives: ကိလေသာငြိမ်းခြင်း
Original: εἰρήνη
Category: Salvation
[Inherited from Romans package] In Jude 1:2, part of the salutation triad ‘mercy, peace, and love be multiplied.‘
Rebellion Of Korah
Approved rendering: ကောရ၏ ဆန့်ကျင်ပုန်ကန်ခြင်း
Transliteration: Kaw-ra-i-hsan-kyin-pon-kan-chin
Doctrine: Old Testament Warnings as Types (Israel, Angels, Sodom)
Original: ἀντιλογία τοῦ Κόρε
Category: Judgment
Gr. ἀντιλογία τοῦ Κόρε, Jude 1:11. Requires supplied Numbers 16 background.
Reject Authority
Approved rendering: အာဏာပိုင်ခွင့်ကို ပစ်ပယ်ခြင်း
Transliteration: ar-nar-paing-khwin-go pyit-pae-chin
Doctrine: False Teachers Described through Natural and Social Imagery
Original: κυριότητα ἀθετέω
Category: Church
Gr. κυριότητα ἀθετέω, Jude 1:8. Referent ambiguous (Christ’s own lordship or angelic authority structures); flag for reviewer decision rather than resolving unilaterally.
Saints
Approved rendering: သန့်ရှင်းသူများ
Transliteration: thangyin thu myar
Doctrine: Sainthood
Rejected alternatives: ရဟန္တာ, ရှင်ရဟန်း
Original: ἅγιοι
Category: Church
[Inherited from Romans package] Every believer, not an ascetic elite comparable to ရဟန္တာ (arahant). In Jude 1:3, the recipients of the faith once delivered.
Scoffers
Approved rendering: လှောင်ပြောင်ပြက်ရယ်ပြုသူများ
Transliteration: hlaung-pyaung-pyet-yat-pyu-thu-myar
Doctrine: False Teachers Described through Natural and Social Imagery
Original: ἐμπαῖκται
Category: Sin
Gr. ἐμπαῖκται (empaiktai), Jude 1:18. Mockers who follow their own ungodly desires in the last times.
Servant
Approved rendering: ကျွန်
Transliteration: kyun
Doctrine: Apostolic Authority and Written Warning
Original: δοῦλος
Category: Church
Gr. δοῦλος (doulos). Jude 1:1, ‘a servant of Jesus Christ.’ Standard Myanmar Christian rendering for honored, willing devotion within the biblical patron-household framework, not degradation. Requires a brief teaching note given contemporary sensitivities around slavery language.
Sodom And Gomorrah
Approved rendering: သောဒုံနှင့်ဂေါမောရ
Transliteration: Thaw-dohn-hnint-Gaw-maw-yar
Doctrine: Old Testament Warnings as Types (Israel, Angels, Sodom)
Original: Σόδομα καὶ Γόμορρα
Category: Judgment
Jude 1:7, established Myanmar Bible transliteration. Third of Jude’s first OT type-triad; requires supplied Genesis 19 background teaching for audiences with low OT narrative literacy.
Wavering Doubting
Approved rendering: ယုံမှားနေသူများ
Transliteration: yun-mhar-nay-thu-myar
Doctrine: Mercy and Rescue of the Wavering
Original: διακρινόμενος
Category: Faith
Gr. διακρινόμενος (diakrinomenos), Jude 1:22. Echoes the same root used of Michael’s ‘contending’ in 1:9 in a shifted sense; must be treated pastorally, distinct from the willful repudiation of ‘deny’ (1:4) or apostasy.
Way Of Cain
Approved rendering: ကာဣန၏လမ်းစဉ်
Transliteration: Ka-i-na-i-lan-sin
Doctrine: Old Testament Warnings as Types (Israel, Angels, Sodom)
Original: ὁδὸς τοῦ Κάϊν
Category: Judgment
Gr. ὁδὸς τοῦ Κάϊν, Jude 1:11. First of Jude’s second OT type-triad (Cain, Balaam, Korah); requires supplied Genesis 4 background.
Low Risk Terms
Adam
Approved rendering: အာဒံ
Transliteration: Adan
Doctrine: Citation of Extra-Canonical Prophetic Witness (Enoch)
Original: Ἀδάμ
Category: Covenant
[Inherited from Romans package AI Translation Requirements transliteration standards] Established Myanmar Bible proper-name form. In Jude 1:14, used to date Enoch as ‘seventh from Adam.‘
Amen
Approved rendering: အာမင်
Transliteration: Amin
Doctrine: Doxology and God’s Preserving Power
Original: ἀμήν
Category: Church
[Inherited from Romans package AI Translation Requirements transliteration standards] Established liturgical transliteration. Closes Jude’s doxology at 1:25.
Archangel Michael
Approved rendering: ကောင်းကင်တမန်အကြီးအကဲ မိက္ခေလ
Transliteration: kaung-kin-ta-man-a-kyi-a-ke Meik-khay-la
Doctrine: Angelic Rebellion and Fallen Spirits
Original: Μιχαὴλ ὁ ἀρχάγγελος
Category: Spiritual Beings
Gr. Μιχαὴλ ὁ ἀρχάγγελος, Jude 1:9. Established transliteration pattern. Must always be taught as a CREATED angel, categorically distinct from ခရစ်တော်/ယေရှု; escalate to theologian review if any reference source implies Michael-Christ identity.
Beloved
Approved rendering: ချစ်လှစွာသောသူတို့
Transliteration: chit-hla-swar thu-dotwe
Doctrine: Epistolary Greeting: Mercy, Peace, and Love
Original: ἀγαπητός
Category: Church
Gr. ἀγαπητός (agapētos). Jude’s pastoral address to the congregation (1:1, 1:3, 1:17, 1:20), establishing that the letter’s warnings are pastoral, not hostile. Alternate form ချစ်တော်မူသောသူများ (chit-taw-mu-thaw-thu-myar) used when describing the recipients as objects of God’s love (1:1).
Fellowship
Approved rendering: မိတ်သဟာယ
Transliteration: meikthahaya
Doctrine: Christian Fellowship
Rejected alternatives: သူငယ်ချင်းဖွဲ့ခြင်း
Original: κοινωνία
Category: Church
[Inherited from Romans package] Underlying root concept for the NEW compound term ‘love_feast’ below (Jude 1:12), the shared covenant meal of the early church.
Moses
Approved rendering: မောရှေ
Transliteration: Mawshay
Doctrine: The Devil as a Personal Fallen Spirit
Original: Μωϋσῆς
Category: Covenant
[Inherited from Romans package AI Translation Requirements transliteration standards] Established Myanmar Bible proper-name form. In Jude 1:9, Michael disputes with the devil over Moses’ body.
Prophecy
Approved rendering: ပရောဖက်ပြုချက်
Transliteration: parawpeq-pyu-chet
Doctrine: Fulfillment of Prophecy
Rejected alternatives: ဗေဒင်စာတမ်း
Original: προφητεία
Category: Covenant
[Inherited from Romans package] In Jude 1:14-15, Enoch’s citation is introduced as prophecy; requires a canon-scope teaching note since the source is the extra-canonical Book of Enoch (see new term enoch below).
Prophet
Approved rendering: ပရောဖက်
Transliteration: parawpeq
Doctrine: Inspiration of Scripture
Rejected alternatives: ဗေဒင်ဆရာ
Original: προφήτης
Category: Covenant
[Inherited from Romans package] Underlying category for Enoch’s prophetic role in Jude 1:14.
Rebuke
Approved rendering: ဆုံးမခြင်း
Transliteration: sohn-ma-chin
Doctrine: The Devil as a Personal Fallen Spirit
Original: ἐπιτιμάω
Category: Judgment
Gr. ἐπιτιμάω (epitimaō), Jude 1:9, ‘The Lord rebuke you.’ Models restrained, God-deferring speech, contrasting the false teachers’ presumptuous speech (1:8, 1:10).
Wandering Stars
Approved rendering: လမ်းလွှဲသွားသော ကြယ်များ
Transliteration: lan-hlwe-thwar-thaw kyay-myar
Doctrine: False Teachers Described through Natural and Social Imagery
Original: ἀστέρες πλανῆται
Category: Judgment
Gr. ἀστέρες πλανῆται, Jude 1:13. Cosmic-disorder imagery, echoing 1:11’s πλάνη (error of Balaam).
Referenced passages