Core Glossary
08 Core Glossary — 2 John (English–Burmese)
This glossary consolidates every load-bearing theological term identified in analysis/07_semantic_analysis.md, covering the entire book of 2 John (1:1–13). Terms already present in the baseline Romans translation_memory.json are marked Reused (Baseline) and their recorded rendering is carried forward exactly, unchanged. Terms newly introduced by 2 John are marked New (2 John) and are proposed here for formal addition to translation memory in a subsequent step, with risk tiers assigned using the identical Critical/High/Medium/Low framework established in the baseline doctrine_risk_registry.json.
Reused Terms (Baseline Romans Translation Memory — Enforced Exactly)
| English Term | Greek | Burmese Rendering | Transliteration | Risk | Doctrine Link (2 John) | Verses |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| God | θεός | ဘုရားသခင် | Phayarthakhin | Critical | Deity of Christ / Perseverance in the Teaching of Christ | 1:1(implicit), 1:3, 1:9 |
| Father | πατήρ | အဖ | a-pha | Critical | Sonship of Christ | 1:3, 1:4, 1:9 |
| Jesus | Ἰησοῦς | ယေရှု | Yayshu | Critical | Warning against Deceivers Denying the Incarnation | 1:3, 1:7 |
| Grace | χάρις | ကျေးဇူးတော် | kyayzu-taw | Critical | (Contextual — greeting triad) | 1:3 |
| Peace | εἰρήνη | ငြိမ်သက်ခြင်း | nyein-thet-chin | Medium | (Contextual — greeting triad) | 1:3 |
| Incarnation | ἐρχόμενον ἐν σαρκί | လူ့ဇာတိခံယူခြင်း | lu-zarti khan-yu-chin | Critical | Warning against Deceivers Denying the Incarnation | 1:7 |
| Son (of God/of the Father) | υἱός | သားတော် (component of ဘုရားသခင်၏သားတော်) | tharadaw | Critical | Warning against Deceivers Denying the Incarnation | 1:3, 1:9 |
| Fellowship (positive sense — contrast only; not used positively in 2 John) | κοινωνία | မိတ်သဟာယ | meikthahaya | Low | Hospitality and Doctrinal Discernment (contrast term) | (cross-ref only) |
| Election (root concept) | ἐκλογή/ἐκλεκτός (root) | ရွေးကောက်ခြင်း (root) | ywaykauk-chin | High | (Contextual — “elect lady/sister”) | 1:1, 1:13 |
Note: “Christ” (Χριστός) is not a separately catalogued entry in the Romans baseline translation memory/registry, but its established rendering ခရစ်တော် (Khayitto) is documented in 12_ai_translation_requirements.md’s transliteration standards and is treated as authoritative baseline usage. Risk: Critical (paired always with the incarnation and deity-of-Christ doctrines). Occurs at 1:3, 1:7, 1:9.
New Terms Introduced by 2 John (Proposed for Translation Memory Addition)
| English Term | Greek | Transliteration | Burmese Rendering | Risk | Primary Doctrine | Rejected Alternatives | Verses | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Truth | ἀλήθεια | alētheia | သမ္မာတရား | High | Walking in Truth and Love | (none rejected; term retained with mandatory teaching note) | 1:1, 1:2, 1:3, 1:4 | သမ္မာ shares its root with Pali “sammā” (Noble Eightfold Path, e.g. Sammā-diṭṭhi). Must be taught as the singular truth embodied in Christ and apostolic teaching, not one correct view among a graded path. |
| Love | ἀγάπη | agapē | ချစ်ခြင်းမေတ္တာ | Critical | Walking in Truth and Love | (none; retained as established Myanmar Christian usage) | 1:1, 1:3, 1:5, 1:6 | မေတ္တာ collides with the Buddhist Brahmavihāra virtue of impartial, meditatively self-cultivated goodwill. Must be taught as willed, self-giving love defined by obedience to Christ’s specific commands within a covenant community — not a self-generated, impersonal meditative state. Escalate to human theologian review at every occurrence, matching the weight of the baseline’s “grace” entry. |
| Commandment | ἐντολή | entolē | ပညတ်တော် | Medium | Walking in Truth and Love / Perseverance in the Teaching of Christ | ပညတ်တရား (rejected — this is the baseline’s term for the Mosaic Law/Torah, a distinct and larger category) | 1:4, 1:5, 1:6 | Must be kept visibly distinct from ပညတ်တရား (nomos, Torah) already established in the Romans baseline. |
| Walk (conduct one’s life) | περιπατέω | peripateō | ကျင့်ကြံလျှောက်လှမ်းခြင်း | Medium | Walking in Truth and Love | literal-only “walking” (rejected — loses metaphorical conduct sense) | 1:4, 1:6 (x2) | Ongoing lived conduct flowing from received truth, not a merit-generating ritual practice such as walking meditation. |
| Deceiver | πλάνος | planos | လှည့်ဖြားသူ | High | Warning against Deceivers Denying the Incarnation | secular “swindler/con-artist” sense alone (rejected — misses the doctrinal category) | 1:7 (x2) | Must be taught as a doctrinal category: one who denies Christ’s true incarnation, not merely a dishonest person. |
| World | κόσμος | kosmos | လောက | High | Warning against Deceivers Denying the Incarnation | (retained as long-established Myanmar Bible usage, e.g. John 3:16) | 1:7 | လောက/loka is the term for tiered realms of existence in Buddhist cosmology (kāma-, rūpa-, arūpa-loka). Must be taught as the single, present, morally fallen created order opposed to God, not a rebirth-realm tier. |
| Confess | ὁμολογέω | homologeō | ဝန်ခံခြင်း | High | Warning against Deceivers Denying the Incarnation | private/internal “believe” alone (rejected — loses the public, verbal-affirmation sense) | 1:7 | Structurally parallel to the baseline’s Romans 10:9 Lordship confession; a public, verbal affirmation of a specific christological fact. |
| Antichrist | ἀντίχριστος | antichristos | အန္တိခရစ် | Critical | Warning against Deceivers Denying the Incarnation | descriptive paraphrase alone, e.g. “enemy of religion” (rejected — loses the specific christological referent) | 1:7 | Transliterated per standard Myanmar Bible practice (cf. Revelation, 1 John). Must always be taught in direct connection with denial of the true incarnation, never as a generic term for “a bad/evil person.” Mandatory human theologian review. |
| Reward | μισθός | misthos | ဆုလာဘ်အပြည့် / အကျိုးအပြည့် | High | Perseverance in the Teaching of Christ | ဆုကံ / merit-adjacent phrasing implying earned salvation (rejected) | 1:8 | ဆု (“prize/reward”) is also merit-reward vocabulary in Buddhist practice. Must be taught as a distinct New Testament category — the fruit/outcome of faithful perseverance in already-received grace, never a reward earned toward salvation itself. Must not blur the Critical grace/merit distinction already established curriculum-wide. |
| Abide/Remain | μένω | menō | တည်နေခြင်း | High | Perseverance in the Teaching of Christ | self-directed meditative “abiding” (jhāna/samatha sense — rejected) | 1:2, 1:9 (x2) | The letter’s key perseverance verb. Must be taught as continual, relational abiding in apostolic teaching about Christ, evidenced by fidelity to that teaching, not a self-produced contemplative absorption state. Recommend human theologian review given centrality to core doctrine. |
| Teaching (of Christ) | διδαχή | didachē | သွန်သင်ချက် | High | Perseverance in the Teaching of Christ | ဒေသနာ (rejected — names a Buddhist monk’s dhamma sermon/discourse genre) | 1:9, 1:10 | The fixed, complete body of apostolic instruction about Christ; not open to “progress” or supplementation (see προάγων below). |
| Goes ahead / progresses beyond | προάγω | proagō | ကျော်လွန်သွားသည် | Medium-High | Perseverance in the Teaching of Christ | positive-only “advances/progresses” without the ironic frame (rejected — inverts the verse’s meaning) | 1:9 | Must retain the letter’s irony: claimed doctrinal “advance” beyond Christ’s teaching is in fact spiritual loss. |
| Receive into the house (hospitality) | λαμβάνετε εἰς οἰκίαν | lambanete eis oikian | အိမ်တွင်လက်ခံခြင်း | Medium | Hospitality and Doctrinal Discernment | unqualified general command against all hospitality (rejected — would contradict Romans 12:13 and Burmese cultural hospitality norms) | 1:10 | Refers specifically to sponsoring/endorsing an itinerant teacher’s mission, not a blanket prohibition on ordinary kindness or hospitality to any guest. |
| Greet / say “Rejoice” (formal greeting-blessing) | χαίρειν λέγειν | chairein legein | နှုတ်ဆက်ခြင်း / ကြိုဆိုခြင်း | Medium | Hospitality and Doctrinal Discernment | literal “tell him to rejoice” calque (rejected — unnatural and loses the withheld-benediction force) | 1:10, 1:11 | Functions as a formal welcoming blessing; withholding it signals withheld doctrinal endorsement. Shares a root with ἐχάρην (“I rejoiced,” v.4) — flag wordplay loss for translator note. |
| Share/partake (in evil works) | κοινωνέω | koinōneō | ပါဝင်ဆက်ဆံခြင်း | Medium-High | Hospitality and Doctrinal Discernment | မိတ်သဟာယ-based rendering (rejected — must not reuse the baseline’s positive “fellowship” term for this negative sense) | 1:11 | Must remain visibly distinct from the baseline’s positive κοινωνία/fellowship term to avoid implying that participating in evil is a form of blessed fellowship. |
| Elder (self-designation) | πρεσβύτερος | presbyteros | အသက်ကြီးသူ | Medium | (authorial framing; supports all four core doctrines) | ဆရာတော် / ဘုန်းတော်ကြီး (rejected — monastic-seniority connotations, per baseline’s parallel rejection for “apostle”) | 1:1 | A recognized apostolic/church-office self-designation, not a Buddhist monastic rank. |
| Elect / Chosen (adj., of the addressee) | ἐκλεκτός | eklektos | ရွေးကောက်ထားသော | High | (supports Walking in Truth and Love; election theology) | ကံဇာတာ/ကံကြမ္မာ-adjacent phrasing (rejected — per baseline’s existing rejection for “election”) | 1:1, 1:13 | Draws directly on the baseline’s High-risk “election” doctrine: God’s sovereign choice, not karmic destiny. Paired with unresolved individual-vs-corporate identity question (see κυρία below). |
| Lady (address, κυρία) | κυρία | kyria | အရှင်မ | Medium | (addressee identity; supports Hospitality doctrine) | a compound built on သခင် (Lord) (rejected — must not visually/aurally echo the baseline’s Critical exclusive-Lordship term) | 1:1, 1:5 | Individual-vs-personified-congregation ambiguity should be flagged in a translator’s note. |
| Children (spiritual) | τέκνον | teknon | သားသမီးများ | Medium | Hospitality and Doctrinal Discernment | biological-only sense (rejected — may be a corporate/spiritual designation for congregation members) | 1:1, 1:4, 1:13 | Possibly denotes members of a congregation, not only biological offspring. |
| Sister (spiritual) | ἀδελφή | adelphē | ညီမ | Low | (supports corporate-church reading of “elect lady”) | — | 1:13 | Parallel personification to “elect lady”; reinforces church-family identity language. |
| Mercy | ἔλεος | eleos | ကရုဏာတော် | High | (greeting triad; supports Grace’s Critical distinction) | secular ကရုဏာ without qualification (retained with mandatory note) | 1:3 | ကရုဏာ collides with the Buddhist Brahmavihāra virtue of compassion. Must be taught as personal, freely-given divine compassion toward those in need of rescue, not a self-cultivated meditative virtue. |
| Rejoice / greet (χαίρω word family) | χαίρω | chairō | ဝမ်းမြောက်ခြင်း (rejoice) / နှုတ်ဆက်ခြင်း (greet) | Low-Medium | Walking in Truth and Love / Hospitality and Doctrinal Discernment | a single unified Burmese term for both senses (rejected — the two contexts require different renderings) | 1:4, 1:10, 1:11, 1:12 | Same Greek root spans genuine rejoicing (v.4) and formal greeting (vv.10-11); recommend translator’s note on the wordplay connecting these occurrences. |
| Age/forever | αἰών | aiōn | ထာဝစဉ် | Low-Medium | (supports Perseverance doctrine’s permanence claim) | cyclical/repeating-eon framing (rejected) | 1:2 | Denotes linear, unending permanence, not a recurring cosmic cycle. |
| Watch yourselves (vigilance) | βλέπετε ἑαυτούς | blepete heautous | သတိပြုကြလော့ | Low | Hospitality and Doctrinal Discernment | — | 1:8 | Standard vigilance idiom; minor risk. |
| Lose/destroy (spiritual labor) | ἀπόλλυμι | apollymi | ဆုံးရှုံးခြင်း | Low-Medium | Perseverance in the Teaching of Christ | — | 1:8 | — |
| Confess/deny christological fact — see “Confess” above. | ||||||||
| Evil works | ἔργα…πονηρά | erga…ponēra | ဆိုးညစ်သောအမှုများ | Low-Medium | Hospitality and Doctrinal Discernment | — | 1:11 | — |
Risk Tier Summary (2 John Curriculum)
| Risk Tier | Count | Review Routing |
|---|---|---|
| Critical | 6 (God, Father, Jesus, Christ, Grace, Incarnation/Son — reused; plus New: Love, Antichrist) | Human theologian — mandatory, every occurrence |
| High | 11 (Truth, Deceiver, World, Confess, Reward, Abide/Remain, Teaching of Christ, Elect/Chosen, Mercy, Election-root reused, Fellowship-contrast reused) | Human theologian |
| Medium | 9 (Commandment, Walk, Progresses beyond, Receive into house, Greet, Share/partake, Elder, Lady, Children) | Native speaker review |
| Low | 6 (Rejoice-word-family partial, Age/forever, Watch yourselves, Lose/destroy, Evil works, Sister) | Automated / native speaker spot-check |
Note: Several terms carry split ratings across their component senses (e.g., χαίρω is Low-Medium; κοινωνέω is Medium-High); each is counted once under its highest assigned tier above for summary purposes. Full per-verse risk detail is authoritative in analysis/07_semantic_analysis.md.
Cross-Reference to Baseline Doctrine Risk Registry
The following 2 John doctrines extend the baseline doctrine_risk_registry.json framework and should be added as new doctrine entries in a subsequent step, following the same schema (name, risk, burmese_doctrine_name, key_terms, primary_passages, burmese_risk_notes, review_routing):
- Walking in Truth and Love — High/Critical composite (truth: High; love: Critical) — primary passages 1:1, 1:3–6.
- Warning against Deceivers Denying the Incarnation — Critical — primary passages 1:7 (anchor verse, shares the baseline’s Critical incarnation doctrine directly).
- Hospitality and Doctrinal Discernment — Medium/High composite — primary passages 1:10–11.
- Perseverance in the Teaching of Christ — High — primary passages 1:9, echoing 1:2.
Critical Risk Terms
Antichrist
Approved rendering: အန္တိခရစ်
Transliteration: anti-khayit
Doctrine: Antichrist and False Teaching
Rejected alternatives: descriptive paraphrase, e.g. ‘enemy of religion’ or generic ‘bad person’
Original: ἀντίχριστος
Category: Christology
NEW term for this curriculum. Transliterated per standard Myanmar Bible practice (Revelation, 1 John). Must always be taught in direct connection with denial of Christ’s true incarnation, never as a generic term for an evil person. Mandatory human theologian review at every occurrence. Occurs 1:7.
Christ
Approved rendering: ခရစ်တော်
Transliteration: Khayitto
Doctrine: Warning against Deceivers Denying the Incarnation
Original: Χριστός
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package’s established transliteration standard (documented in 12_ai_translation_requirements.md, not a separate baseline translation_memory entry). Reused exactly. Must always be paired doctrinally with the incarnation and sonship entries at 1:3, 1:7, 1:9.
Father
Approved rendering: အဖ
Transliteration: a-pha
Doctrine: Mercy and Grace in Greeting
Rejected alternatives: ဗြဟ္မာ
Original: πατήρ
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package exactly. CRITICAL: never substitute ဗြဟ္မာ (Brahma, an impersonal deity-realm in Buddhist cosmology). Occurs in 2 John’s greeting triad (1:3), the commandment source (1:4), and the possession claim of 1:9.
God
Approved rendering: ဘုရားသခင်
Transliteration: Phayarthakhin
Doctrine: Sonship and Deity of Christ in Confession
Rejected alternatives: ဘုရား, နတ်သခင်
Original: θεός
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package exactly. CRITICAL: ဘုရား alone denotes a Buddha image, a pagoda, or the Buddha himself in everyday Burmese; နတ်သခင် evokes the nat-spirit pantheon. In 2 John 1:9, this term anchors the letter’s binary claim that rejecting Christ’s teaching means having no relationship with God at all.
Grace
Approved rendering: ကျေးဇူးတော်
Transliteration: kyayzu-taw
Doctrine: Mercy and Grace in Greeting
Rejected alternatives: ကုသိုလ်, ကံကောင်းခြင်း, ဝါသနာတော်
Original: χάρις
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package exactly. CRITICAL: never use ကုသိုလ် or ကံကောင်းခြင်း (merit/good karma). Opens 2 John’s greeting triad at 1:3 alongside mercy and peace.
Incarnation
Approved rendering: လူ့ဇာတိခံယူခြင်း
Transliteration: lu-zarti khan-yu-chin
Doctrine: Warning against Deceivers Denying the Incarnation
Rejected alternatives: ဘုရားလောင်းအဖြစ်မွေးဖွားခြင်း, နတ်ဆင်းသက်ခြင်း
Original: ἐρχόμενον ἐν σαρκί (Ἰησοῦν Χριστὸν ἐρχόμενον ἐν σαρκί)
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package exactly. CRITICAL: NEVER use ဘုရားလောင်းအဖြစ်မွေးဖွားခြင်း (Jataka-cycle Buddha-to-be birth) or နတ်ဆင်းသက်ခြင်း (nat-spirit descent/possession). 2 John 1:7 is this letter’s doctrinal anchor verse; mandatory human theologian review at every occurrence.
Jesus
Approved rendering: ယေရှု
Transliteration: Yayshu
Doctrine: Warning against Deceivers Denying the Incarnation
Rejected alternatives: ရှင်ယေရှု
Original: Ἰησοῦς
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package exactly. Standard Myanmar Bible form since the Judson tradition. Central to the confession test of 1:7 (denial of Jesus Christ’s coming in the flesh).
Love
Approved rendering: ချစ်ခြင်းမေတ္တာ
Transliteration: chit-chin metta
Doctrine: Walking in Truth and Love
Original: ἀγάπη
Category: Truth and Love
NEW term for this curriculum, retained as established Myanmar Christian usage. CRITICAL: မေတ္တာ collides with one of the Four Brahmavihāra — self-cultivated, impartial, meditatively radiated goodwill detached from relationship or command. Must be taught as willed, self-giving love defined by obedience to Christ’s specific commandments toward a specific covenant community (1:5-6). Mandatory human theologian review at every occurrence, matching the weight of the baseline’s ‘grace’ entry.
Son Of God
Approved rendering: သားတော်
Transliteration: tharadaw
Doctrine: Sonship and Deity of Christ in Confession
Rejected alternatives: ဗြဟ္မာ့သား, နတ်သား
Original: υἱός (τοῦ πατρός)
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package’s ဘုရားသခင်၏သားတော် pattern exactly; the component သားတော် recurs in the compound ခမည်းတော်၏သားတော် at 1:3 and in the possession claim of 1:9. CRITICAL: never a ranked being within the nat-spirit hierarchy or Brahma cosmology.
High Risk Terms
Abide Remain
Approved rendering: တည်နေခြင်း
Transliteration: tea-nay-chin
Doctrine: Perseverance in the Teaching of Christ
Rejected alternatives: self-directed meditative ‘abiding’ (jhāna/samatha absorption sense)
Original: μένω
Category: Perseverance
NEW term for this curriculum, theologically load-bearing. Must be taught as continual, relational abiding in apostolic teaching about Christ, evidenced through fidelity to that teaching, not a self-produced contemplative absorption state. Mandatory human theologian review recommended given centrality to the letter’s core doctrine. Occurs 1:2, 1:9 (x2).
Confess
Approved rendering: ဝန်ခံခြင်း
Transliteration: wan-khan-chin
Doctrine: Sonship and Deity of Christ in Confession
Rejected alternatives: private/internal ‘believe’ alone
Original: ὁμολογέω
Category: Christology
NEW term for this curriculum. Structurally parallel to the baseline’s Romans 10:9 Lordship confession; a public, verbal affirmation of a specific christological fact (Jesus Christ’s coming in the flesh), not private sentiment or generic religious assent. Occurs 1:7.
Deceiver
Approved rendering: လှည့်ဖြားသူ
Transliteration: hlaephyar-thu
Doctrine: Warning against Deceivers Denying the Incarnation
Rejected alternatives: secular ‘swindler/con-artist’ sense alone
Original: πλάνος
Category: False Teaching
NEW term for this curriculum. Must be taught as a doctrinal category — one who denies Christ’s true incarnation — not merely a dishonest person in the ordinary secular sense. Occurs 1:7 (x2, including the substantival ‘the deceiver’).
Elect Chosen
Approved rendering: ရွေးကောက်ထားသော
Transliteration: ywaykauk-htar-thaw
Doctrine: Divine Election of the Church
Rejected alternatives: ကံဇာတာ/ကံကြမ္မာ-adjacent phrasing
Original: ἐκλεκτός
Category: Church
Draws directly on the baseline’s High-risk election doctrine (ရွေးကောက်ခြင်း): God’s sovereign choice, not karma-fixed destiny. Combined with the lady/κυρία individual-vs-corporate identity ambiguity, requires a standing translator’s note. Occurs 1:1 (‘elect lady’), 1:13 (‘elect sister’).
Election
Approved rendering: ရွေးကောက်ခြင်း
Transliteration: ywaykauk-chin
Doctrine: Divine Election of the Church
Rejected alternatives: ကံဇာတာ, ကံကြမ္မာ
Original: ἐκλογή / ἐκλεκτός (root)
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package exactly. God’s sovereign personal choice, not karma-fixed destiny. Root doctrine underlying the New (2 John) term elect_chosen applied to the ‘elect lady’ (1:1) and ‘elect sister’ (1:13).
Mercy
Approved rendering: ကရုဏာတော်
Transliteration: karuna-taw
Doctrine: Mercy and Grace in Greeting
Rejected alternatives: secular ကရုဏာ without qualification
Original: ἔλεος
Category: God
NEW term for this curriculum. ကရုဏာ is the precise Burmese Buddhist term for one of the Four Brahmavihāra — a meditatively cultivated, self-generated compassion extended impartially. Must be taught as a personal, freely-given compassionate response from a personal God toward those in need of rescue. Occurs 1:3.
Progress Beyond
Approved rendering: ကျော်လွန်သွားသည်
Transliteration: kyaw-lwun-thwar-thi
Doctrine: Perseverance in the Teaching of Christ
Rejected alternatives: positive-only ‘advances/progresses’ without the ironic frame
Original: προάγω
Category: Perseverance
NEW term for this curriculum. Must retain the letter’s irony that claimed doctrinal ‘progress’ beyond Christ’s teaching is in fact spiritual loss, not gain. Must be paired with surrounding clause structure or a translator’s note so the negative, boundary-transgressing sense is unmistakable; ordinary Burmese usage defaults to a positive reading. Occurs 1:9.
Reward
Approved rendering: ဆုလာဘ်အပြည့်
Transliteration: hsu-larp a-pyi
Doctrine: Reward for Faithful Perseverance
Rejected alternatives: ဆုကံ / merit-adjacent phrasing implying earned salvation, prosperity-gospel material-blessing phrasing (health, wealth, worldly success)
Original: μισθός (πλήρη)
Category: Perseverance
NEW term for this curriculum. ဆု (‘reward/prize’) is also merit-reward vocabulary in Buddhist practice (ကောင်းကျိုးဆု). Must be taught as the fruit/outcome of persevering faithfully in already-received grace and truth — a distinct NT ministerial/eschatological reward category — never a reward earned toward salvation itself. Must not blur the baseline’s Critical grace/merit distinction. Occurs 1:8.
Share In Evil
Approved rendering: ပါဝင်ဆက်ဆံခြင်း
Transliteration: par-win set-san-chin
Doctrine: Hospitality and Doctrinal Discernment
Rejected alternatives: မိတ်သဟာယ-based rendering, spirit-possession/nat-influence-adjacent vocabulary implying quasi-magical taint
Original: κοινωνέω (negative sense)
Category: Hospitality
NEW term for this curriculum. Must be kept visibly distinct from the baseline’s positive fellowship term မိတ်သဟာယ to avoid implying complicity in evil is a form of blessed communion. Names moral/doctrinal complicity through endorsement, not spiritual contamination by contact. Occurs 1:11.
Teaching Of Christ
Approved rendering: သွန်သင်ချက်
Transliteration: thun-thin-chet
Doctrine: Perseverance in the Teaching of Christ
Rejected alternatives: ဒေသနာ
Original: διδαχή τοῦ Χριστοῦ
Category: Perseverance
NEW term for this curriculum. Avoid ဒေသနာ, the standard term for a Buddhist monk’s dhamma sermon, which would frame Christ’s teaching as one more sermon-genre. Must be taught as fixed, complete apostolic content, not an evolving body open to supplementation. Occurs 1:9, 1:10.
Truth
Approved rendering: သမ္မာတရား
Transliteration: thammar-tayar
Doctrine: Walking in Truth and Love
Original: ἀλήθεια
Category: Truth and Love
NEW term for this curriculum. သမ္မာ shares its root with the Pali ‘sammā’ of the Noble Eightfold Path (e.g. Sammā-diṭṭhi), risking a reading of truth as one correct view among a graded path. Must be taught as the singular reality embodied exclusively in Christ and apostolic teaching. Occurs 1:1, 1:2, 1:3, 1:4.
World
Approved rendering: လောက
Transliteration: lawka
Doctrine: Warning against Deceivers Denying the Incarnation
Original: κόσμος
Category: False Teaching
Long-established Myanmar Bible rendering (e.g. John 3:16), retained. လောက/loka is embedded in Buddhist cosmology’s tiered rebirth-realms (kāma-, rūpa-, arūpa-loka). Must be taught as the single, present, morally fallen created order opposed to God, not one metaphysical realm-tier among many. Occurs 1:7.
Medium Risk Terms
Children Spiritual
Approved rendering: သားသမီးများ
Transliteration: thar-thami-myar
Doctrine: Hospitality and Doctrinal Discernment
Rejected alternatives: biological-only sense
Original: τέκνον
Category: Church
NEW term for this curriculum. Must be understood as a possibly corporate/spiritual designation for congregation members, not necessarily biological offspring; teaching note required alongside the ‘elect lady’ identity question. Occurs 1:1, 1:4, 1:13.
Commandment
Approved rendering: ပညတ်တော်
Transliteration: pyinnat-taw
Doctrine: Commandment of Love from the Beginning
Rejected alternatives: ပညတ်တရား
Original: ἐντολή
Category: Truth and Love
NEW term for this curriculum. Must be kept visibly distinct from the baseline’s ပညတ်တရား (nomos, the Mosaic Law/Torah), a different and larger category. This is a specific relational directive from the Father/Christ to love one another (1:4-6), anchored in original apostolic teaching, not a legal code.
Elder
Approved rendering: အသက်ကြီးသူ
Transliteration: a-thet-kyi-thu
Doctrine: Apostolic Authority of the Elder
Rejected alternatives: ဆရာတော်, ဘုန်းတော်ကြီး
Original: πρεσβύτερος
Category: Church
NEW term for this curriculum. Must be distinguished from Burmese Buddhist monastic seniority titles, already flagged in the baseline’s ‘apostle’ entry as unsuitable models. A recognized New Testament church office/apostolic self-designation, not a monastic rank. Occurs 1:1.
Greet
Approved rendering: နှုတ်ဆက်ခြင်း
Transliteration: nouthset-chin
Doctrine: Joy and Withheld Blessing
Rejected alternatives: literal ‘tell him to rejoice’ calque
Original: χαίρειν λέγειν
Category: Hospitality
NEW term for this curriculum. Must be rendered for its functional force — a formal welcoming blessing — not a literal calque, which would sound unnatural in Burmese and lose the force of a withheld benediction. Shares a root with the rejoice_greet_word_family entry (χαίρω, 1:4); flag wordplay loss for a translator’s note. Occurs 1:10, 1:11.
Lady
Approved rendering: အရှင်မ
Transliteration: a-shin-ma
Doctrine: Divine Election of the Church
Rejected alternatives: a compound built on သခင် (Lord)
Original: κυρία
Category: Church
NEW term for this curriculum. Must NOT be built on သခင်, the baseline’s Critical term reserved exclusively for the exclusive Lordship of Christ, to avoid visual/aural collision. A translator’s note should explain the individual-vs-personified-congregation ambiguity. Occurs 1:1, 1:5.
Peace
Approved rendering: ငြိမ်သက်ခြင်း
Transliteration: nyein-thet-chin
Doctrine: Mercy and Grace in Greeting
Rejected alternatives: ကိလေသာငြိမ်းခြင်း
Original: εἰρήνη
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package exactly. Distinguish from the meditative stilling of mental defilements pursued through vipassana practice. Closes the greeting triad at 1:3.
Receive Into House
Approved rendering: အိမ်တွင်လက်ခံခြင်း
Transliteration: ein-htwin let-khan-chin
Doctrine: Hospitality and Doctrinal Discernment
Rejected alternatives: unqualified general command against all hospitality
Original: λαμβάνετε εἰς οἰκίαν
Category: Hospitality
NEW term for this curriculum. Must be carefully framed to avoid implying general Christian inhospitality (which would contradict the baseline’s Romans 12:13 hospitality teaching and Burmese cultural hospitality norms). Refers specifically to sponsoring/endorsing an itinerant false teacher’s mission. Occurs 1:10.
Walk
Approved rendering: ကျင့်ကြံလျှောက်လှမ်းခြင်း
Transliteration: kyintkyan hlyaukhlan-chin
Doctrine: Walking in Truth and Love
Rejected alternatives: literal-only ‘walking’ with no conduct sense
Original: περιπατέω
Category: Truth and Love
NEW term for this curriculum. Must not be flattened to literal ambulation, nor confused with Buddhist walking meditation (ကျင့်စဉ်လျှောက်လှမ်းခြင်း), a self-directed cultivation practice. Ongoing conduct that flows FROM already-received truth, not conduct that earns standing. Occurs 1:4, 1:6 (x2).
Low Risk Terms
Age Forever
Approved rendering: ထာဝစဉ်
Transliteration: htawa-zin
Doctrine: Permanence of Truth
Rejected alternatives: ကမ္ဘာ-based cyclical world-age/kalpa framing
Original: αἰών
Category: Perseverance
NEW term for this curriculum. Must convey linear, unending permanence secured by God, not a recurring cosmic cycle of ages (yuga/kalpa). Occurs 1:2.
Evil Works
Approved rendering: ဆိုးညစ်သောအမှုများ
Transliteration: hsoe-nyit-thaw a-hmu-myar
Doctrine: Hospitality and Doctrinal Discernment
Original: ἔργα…πονηρά
Category: Hospitality
Standard vocabulary; minor doctrinal risk beyond consistency with sin/evil terminology elsewhere in the curriculum. Occurs 1:11.
Fellowship
Approved rendering: မိတ်သဟာယ
Transliteration: meikthahaya
Doctrine: Hospitality and Doctrinal Discernment
Rejected alternatives: သူငယ်ချင်းဖွဲ့ခြင်း
Original: κοινωνία
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package exactly. Not used positively in 2 John’s own text; retained here solely as the required contrast anchor so the New (2 John) negative term share_in_evil (1:11) is never confused with this positive fellowship term.
Lose Destroy
Approved rendering: ဆုံးရှုံးခြင်း
Transliteration: hsoun-shoun-chin
Doctrine: Reward for Faithful Perseverance
Original: ἀπόλλυμι
Category: Perseverance
Standard vocabulary; minor risk. Preserve the sense of losing already-accomplished spiritual fruit through doctrinal compromise, not merely misplacing an object. Occurs 1:8.
Rejoice Greet Word Family
Approved rendering: ဝမ်းမြောက်ခြင်း / နှုတ်ဆက်ခြင်း
Transliteration: womauk-chin / nouthset-chin
Doctrine: Joy and Withheld Blessing
Rejected alternatives: a single unified Burmese term for both senses
Original: χαίρω
Category: Hospitality
NEW term for this curriculum. The same Greek root (χαίρω) spans genuine pastoral joy (1:4) and the formal greeting-blessing withheld from false teachers (1:10-11); Burmese necessarily uses two distinct terms. Doctrinal content is not endangered, but a translator’s note linking these occurrences is recommended. Also echoed in 1:12’s ‘joy fulfilled.‘
Sister Spiritual
Approved rendering: ညီမ
Transliteration: nyi-ma
Doctrine: Divine Election of the Church
Original: ἀδελφή
Category: Church
Spiritual-family term for a fellow believing community/individual, paralleling ‘elect lady.’ Reinforces church-family identity language, parallel to the baseline’s adoption/family doctrine. Occurs 1:13.
Watch Yourselves
Approved rendering: သတိပြုကြလော့
Transliteration: thati-pyu-kya-lawk
Doctrine: Hospitality and Doctrinal Discernment
Original: βλέπετε ἑαυτούς
Category: Hospitality
Standard vigilance idiom; minor risk. A call to vigilant self-examination guarding against doctrinal compromise. Occurs 1:8.
Referenced passages