Core Glossary
08 Core Glossary — Titus (English–Burmese)
This glossary consolidates every load-bearing term identified in 07_semantic_analysis.md, covering all three chapters of Titus. Terms already recorded in the baseline Romans translation_memory.json / bible_term_registry.json are marked Baseline (reuse exactly) and their recorded Burmese rendering is unchanged. New terms are marked New (Titus) and must be added to translation memory in Phase 2 with the risk tiers below; Critical and High risk new terms require human theologian sign-off before first use, per the baseline’s escalation rules.
Risk tier definitions follow the baseline doctrine_risk_registry.json exactly: Critical = essential doctrine may be destroyed by mistranslation, mandatory theologian review every occurrence; High = significant syncretism/confusion risk, mandatory theologian review; Medium = clarity risk with meaning preserved, native speaker review recommended; Low = minor risk, automated review sufficient.
A. Terms Reused Exactly from the Baseline Romans Package
| English | Original (Greek) | Burmese (baseline) | Risk | Doctrine(s) in Titus | Titus occurrences |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| God | θεός | ဘုရားသခင် | Critical | all | throughout |
| Jesus | Ἰησοῦς | ယေရှု | Critical | Deity/Sonship of Christ | 1:1; 1:4; 2:13; 3:6 |
| Christ | Χριστός | ခရစ်တော် | Critical | Deity/Sonship of Christ | 1:1; 1:4; 2:13; 3:6 |
| Holy Spirit | πνεῦμα ἅγιον | သန့်ရှင်းသောဝိညာဉ်တော် | Critical | Regeneration by the Holy Spirit | 3:5 |
| grace | χάρις | ကျေးဇူးတော် | Critical | Grace That Trains for Godly Living; Salvation by Grace not Works | 1:4; 2:11; 3:7; 3:15 |
| righteousness | δικαιοσύνη | ဖြောင့်မတ်ခြင်း | Critical | Salvation by Grace not Works | 3:5 |
| justification/justified | δικαιωθέντες | ဖြောင့်မတ်ရာသို့ ရောက်ခြင်း | Critical | Salvation by Grace not Works | 3:7 |
| salvation/saved | σωτηρία / ἔσωσεν | ကယ်တင်ခြင်း | Critical | Salvation by Grace not Works | 2:11; 3:5 |
| faith/believe | πίστις | ယုံကြည်ခြင်း | Medium | Sound Doctrine and Good Works | 1:1; 1:4; 1:13; 2:2; 2:10; 3:8; 3:15 |
| glory | δόξα | ဘုန်းတော် | High | Deity of Christ | 2:13 |
| apostle | ἀπόστολος | တမန်တော် | Medium | Apostleship | 1:1 |
| election/elect | ἐκλογή / ἐκλεκτοί | ရွေးကောက်ခြင်း | High | Divine Calling | 1:1 |
| law (Mosaic) | νόμος | ပညတ်တရား | High | Avoiding Divisive Controversies | 3:9 |
| sin | ἁμαρτία | အပြစ် | High | Universal Human Accountability | 3:11 |
| prophet | προφήτης | ပရောဖက် | Low | Inspiration of Scripture | 1:12 |
| exhort | παρακαλέω | တိုက်တွန်းနှိုးဆော်ခြင်း | Low | Mutual Edification | 2:15 |
| peace | εἰρήνη | ငြိမ်သက်ခြင်း | Medium | Grace and Peace greeting | 1:4 |
| adoption (background doctrine) | υἱοθεσία | သားအဖြစ်လက်ခံခြင်း | Medium | background to κληρονόμος (heir), 3:7 | 3:7 (implied) |
B. New Terms Introduced by Titus
B.1 Grace That Trains for Godly Living
| English gloss | Greek | Transliteration | Burmese | Burmese translit. | Risk | Rejected alternatives | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| appearing/epiphany | ἐπιφάνεια / ἐπιφαίνω | epiphaneia / epiphainō | ပေါ်ထွန်းတော်မူခြင်း | pyaw-htun taw-mu chin | High | generic “arrived/came” | Must be rendered identically at 2:11, 2:13, 3:4 to preserve the letter’s already/not-yet epiphany structure. |
| bringing salvation (adj.) | σωτήριος | sōtērios | ကယ်တင်ခြင်းကိုဆောင်ဖြစ်စေသော | kaetin-chin ko sha-hnin pyit-say-thaw | High | ”helpful,” “beneficial” | Built on baseline ကယ်တင်ခြင်း; must not be softened. |
| trains/disciplines | παιδεύω | paideuō | ဆုံးမလေ့ကျင့်ပေးခြင်း | sohn-ma lay-kyin pay-chin | High | self-effort “meditation/discipline” framing | Anchor term of the doctrine; grace itself, not the believer, is the trainer — contrast with self-cultivated precept-training. |
| ungodliness | ἀσέβεια | asebeia | ဘုရားတရားကို ငြင်းပယ်သောအကျင့် | phayar-tayar ko nyin-pai thaw a-kyin | High | simple “bad behavior” | Names a whole life-orientation away from God, distinct from a single sin (အပြစ်). |
| godliness | εὐσέβεια | eusebeia | ဘုရားတရားလိုက်နာမှု | phayar-tayar laik-na-hmu | High | ဘုရားဝတ် alone (too generic/ritual) | Contains တရား; must be taught as reverent devotion to the true God, not “following Buddhist Dhamma.” |
| worldly passions | κοσμικαὶ ἐπιθυμίαι | kosmikai epithymiai | လောကီတပ်မက်မှု | lawki tat-mak-hmu | High | none proposed; term itself carries risk | တပ်မက်မှု echoes တဏှာ (craving); must be taught as cured by grace/Spirit, not self-extinguished. |
| self-controlled | σώφρων / σωφρόνως | sōphrōn / sōphronōs | မိမိကိုယ်ကိုချုပ်တည်းခြင်း | mimi-koko chotti-chin | Medium | none | Cognate to Buddhist self-restraint; must be Spirit-produced, not self-cultivated, per baseline’s faith-entry pattern. |
| present age | νῦν αἰών | nyn aiōn | ယခုခေတ် | ya-khu khet | Medium | ယခုဘဝ (rejected) | Avoid ဘဝ, which evokes Buddhist bhava (mode of existence in samsara). |
| hope | ἐλπίς | elpis | မျှော်လင့်ချက် | myaw-lin-chet | Medium | none | Confident expectation grounded in God’s promise, not wishful/karmic uncertainty. |
| blessed | μακάριος | makarios | မင်္ဂလာရှိသော | min-ga-la shi-thaw | Medium | none rejected — established usage | Retained despite folk-auspiciousness overtones as the settled Myanmar Bible convention (cf. Beatitudes). |
| Savior (title) | σωτήρ | sōtēr | ကယ်တင်ရှင် | kaetin shin | Critical | none | Applied to both Father and Son (six times in Titus); must render identically for both referents to preserve the letter’s deity-of-Christ strategy. |
B.2 Qualifications for Elders
| English gloss | Greek | Transliteration | Burmese | Burmese translit. | Risk | Rejected alternatives | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| elder | πρεσβύτερος | presbyteros | အသင်းတော်လူကြီး | athin-taw lu-kyi | Critical | ဘုန်းကြီး (Buddhist monk), ရဟန်း (ordained monk) | NEVER use monk-titles. A married, ordinarily-employed layman’s congregational office, the opposite of a celibate monastic renunciant. |
| overseer/bishop | ἐπίσκοπος | episkopos | ကြီးကြပ်သူ | kyi-kyat thu | High | terms implying rank above elder | Functional synonym of elder in Titus 1:5-7, not a higher clerical rank or sangha-superior. |
| slave/servant (of God) | δοῦλος | doulos | ကျွန် | kyun | Medium/High | — | Honorific of total devotion in 1:1; literal household-slave sense recurs at 2:9 — distinguish senses in teaching notes. |
| blameless | ἀνέγκλητος | anegklētos | အပြစ်တင်ခွင့်မရှိသော | a-pyit-tin khwin-mashi-thaw | Medium | — | |
| husband of one wife | μιᾶς γυναικὸς ἀνήρ | mias gynaikos anēr | မယားတစ်ဦးတည်းရှိသောလင်ယောက်ျား | mayar tit-oo-teh shi-thaw lin-yauk-kya | Medium | — | Marital faithfulness qualifying standard; needs pastoral application notes. |
| insubordinate (of children) | ἀνυπότακτος | anypotaktos | အာခံသော | arkhan-thaw | Medium | — | Negation of ὑποτάσσω family. |
| steward of God | οἰκονόμος θεοῦ | oikonomos theou | ဘုရားသခင်၏ဘဏ္ဍာစိုး | phayarthakhin i banda-soe | Medium | — | Entrusted manager, not owner. |
| self-willed/arrogant | αὐθάδης | authadēs | ကိုယ်ကြိုက်ကျင့်သော | ko-kyaik kyin-thaw | Low | — | |
| quick-tempered | ὀργίλος | orgilos | အမျက်လွယ်သော | amet-lwe-thaw | Low | — | |
| given to wine | πάροινος | paroinos | အရက်သမား | a-yet-thamar | Low | — | |
| violent | πλήκτης | plēktēs | အကြမ်းဖက်တတ်သော | a-kyan-bhet-tat-thaw | Low | — | |
| greedy for shameful gain | αἰσχροκερδής | aischrokerdēs | အရှက်ကွဲစရာငွေရှာသော | a-shet-kwe-sara nway-shar-thaw | Low/Medium | — | |
| hospitable | φιλόξενος | philoxenos | ဧည့်ဝတ်ကျေပွန်သော | e-wut kyay-pwan-thaw | Low | — | |
| lover of good | φιλάγαθος | philagathos | ကောင်းမှုကိုချစ်မြတ်နိုးသော | kaung-hmu ko chit-myat-noe-thaw | Low | — | |
| holy/devout | ὅσιος | hosios | ဘုရားဝတ်ကြည်ညိုသော | phayar-wut kyi-nyo-thaw | Medium | သီလရှိသော (rejected, per baseline’s righteousness caution) | Never use သီလ-based rendering (precepts kept for merit). |
| self-disciplined | ἐγκρατής | egkratēs | မိမိကိုယ်ကိုချုပ်တည်းနိုင်သော | mimi-koko chotti-nain-thaw | Medium | — | Same self-cultivation caution as σώφρων. |
B.3 Sound Doctrine and Good Works
| English gloss | Greek | Transliteration | Burmese | Burmese translit. | Risk | Rejected alternatives | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| sound doctrine/teaching | ὑγιαίνουσα διδασκαλία | hygiainousa didaskalia | ကျန်းမာသောသွန်သင်ချက် | kyanma-thaw thun-thin-chet | Critical | generic “correct teaching” | Anchor theme-term of the whole letter (1:9; 1:13; 2:1; 2:2; 2:8); must preserve the health/disease metaphor consistently. |
| good works | καλὰ ἔργα | kala erga | ကောင်းသောအကျင့်များ | kaung-thaw a-kyin-myar | High | ကုသိုလ်ကောင်းမှု (merit-deeds, rejected) | Recurs 1:16; 2:7; 2:14; 3:1; 3:8; 3:14 — fruit of grace/regeneration, never their cause. |
| truth | ἀλήθεια | alētheia | သမ္မာတရား | thanma-tayar | Medium | — | Established Myanmar Christian usage since Judson; contrasted with “myths” at 1:14. |
| rebuke/reprove | ἐλέγχω | elegchō | အပြစ်ဖော်ထုတ်၍ဆုံးမခြင်း | a-pyit hpaw-htok-ywe sohn-ma-chin | Medium | — | Distinct from παρακαλέω (exhort, baseline); recurs 1:9, 1:13, 2:15. |
| empty talkers | ματαιολόγοι | mataiologoi | အချည်းနှီးစကားပြောသူများ | a-chi-nhi sagar-pyaw-thu-myar | Low | — | |
| deceivers | φρεναπάται | phrenapatai | လှည့်ဖျားသူများ | hlaeh-hpyar-thu-myar | Low | — | |
| pure/clean | καθαρός | katharos | စင်ကြယ်သော | sin-kyay-thaw | High | — | CAUTION: baseline rejected this word for “holy” (ritual-purity lean). Contextually apt at 1:15 (ritual-purity controversy) but requires explicit disambiguating note from the holiness entries. |
| conscience | συνείδησις | syneidēsis | ကိုယ်ကျင့်သိစိတ် | koku-kyin thi-sate | High | ဟိရိ-သောတပ္ပ (Buddhist moral-shame/fear pair) | Innate God-given witness to moral law, not a cultivated mindfulness attainment. |
| profess/confess | ὁμολογέω | homologeō | ဝန်ခံသည် | wan-khan-thi | Low/Medium | — | Distinct nuance from Rom 10:9’s lordship-confession, same root family. |
| disqualified | ἀδόκιμος | adokimos | စစ်ဆေးရာတွင်ကျရှုံးသော | sit-say-yar-twin kya-shoun-thaw | Medium | — | |
| example/pattern | τύπος | typos | စံနမူနာ | san-nam-una | Low/Medium | — | |
| adorn (doctrine) | κοσμέω | kosmeō | တန်ဆာဆင်ခြင်း | tanzar-hsin-chin | Medium | — | Figurative — conduct making sound doctrine credible/attractive. |
B.4 Salvation by Grace not Works
| English gloss | Greek | Transliteration | Burmese | Burmese translit. | Risk | Rejected alternatives | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| mercy | ἔλεος | eleos | သနားညှာတာခြင်း | thanar-nyar-tar-chin | High | ကရုဏာ (karuna, rejected) | Avoid the cultivated Brahmavihara virtue-word; this is God’s personal, sovereign compassion toward the guilty. |
| kindness | χρηστότης | chrēstotēs | ကြင်နာမှု | kyin-na-hmu | Medium | — | Distinct from grace (the gift) and mercy (pity) — all three appear together in 3:4-5. |
| loving-kindness/philanthropy | φιλανθρωπία | philanthrōpia | လူသားချစ်ခင်ခြင်း | lu-thar chit-khin-chin | Medium | — | God’s benevolent love reaching humanity in its lostness (3:3). |
| heir | κληρονόμος | klēronomos | အမွေခံ | a-mway-khan | Medium/High | — | Legal consequence of justification; pair with baseline’s adoption entry. |
| eternal life | ζωὴ αἰώνιος | zōē aiōnios | ထာဝရအသက် | tha-wara a-thet | Medium/High | နိဗ္ဗာန်ရောက်ခြင်း (nirvana, rejected per baseline salvation entry) | Unending personal relational life with God, not extinction of existence nor an eternal impersonal soul-essence. |
| trustworthy saying | Πιστὸς ὁ λόγος | pistos ho logos | ဤစကားသည် ယုံကြည်ကိုးစားရာဖြစ်၏ | thi-sagar-thi yun-kyi-koe-sar-ya hpyit-i | Medium | — | Fixed Pastoral Epistles formula, seals 3:4-7 as creedal summary. |
| devote themselves to | προΐστημι | proistēmi | ကြိုးစားအားထုတ်ခြင်း | kyo-sar-arr-htoke-chin | Medium | — | Recurs 3:8 and 3:14. |
| profitable | ὠφέλιμος | ōphelimos | အကျိုးရှိသော | a-kyo-shi-thaw | Low | — |
B.5 Regeneration by the Holy Spirit
| English gloss | Greek | Transliteration | Burmese | Burmese translit. | Risk | Rejected alternatives | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| regeneration/new birth | παλιγγενεσία | paliggenesia | ဇာတိသစ်ဖြစ်ခြင်း | zar-ti thit hpyit-chin | CRITICAL | ပဋိသန္ဓေတည်ခြင်း, ပြန်လည်မွေးဖွားခြင်း (both forbidden — same rebirth/samsara collision the baseline already bans for resurrection) | Highest-collision-risk new term in Titus. One-time, Spirit-wrought, permanent transfer from spiritual death to life — the theological opposite of cyclical karmic rebirth. Mandatory theologian review every occurrence; standing translator note required. |
| renewal | ἀνακαίνωσις | anakainōsis | ပြန်လည်သစ်လွင်ခြင်း | pyan-le thit-lwin-chin | High | — | Ongoing sequel to regeneration; pairs with baseline’s sanctification entry. |
| washing | λουτρόν | loutron | ဆေးကြောခြင်း | hsay-kyaw-chin | High | ရေချိုးခြင်း / ရေချိုးသန့်စင်ခြင်း (rejected, per baseline sanctification caution) | Figurative for Spirit’s cleansing symbolized by baptism, not a literal ritual bath. |
| poured out | ἐκχέω | ekcheō | သွန်းလောင်းတော်မူသည် | thun-laung-taw-mu-thi | Medium | — | Pentecost-family imagery; abundant, once-given outpouring. |
| enslaved (to passions) | δουλεύω (+ ἐπιθυμία/ἡδονή) | douleuō | တပ်မက်မှုနှင့် ခံစားချက်များ၏အကျွန်ခံနေသော | tat-mak-hmu hnin khan-sar-chet-myar i akyun-khan-nay-thaw | Medium/High | — | Total, helpless bondage grace’s regeneration cures; not self-liberated through discipline. |
| lawlessness | ἀνομία | anomia | ဥပဒေမဲ့ကျင့်ခြင်း | u-pade-meh kyin-chin | High | — | Distinguish from baseline’s အပြစ် (sin) — a totalizing rebellious condition, not a single transgression. |
| redeem | λυτρόω | lytroō | ရွေးနှင်းခြင်း | ywe-hnin-chin | Critical | merit-transfer / karmic-debt framing | Personal ransom paid by a personal Savior, not balancing an impersonal karmic ledger. |
| treasured possession people | λαὸς περιούσιος | laos periousios | ကိုယ်တော်ပိုင်ဆိုင်တော်မူသော လူစုတော် | koyaw pain-shain-taw-mu-thaw lu-su-taw | High | — | OT covenant echo (Exod 19:5); requires OT background teaching. |
B.6 Submission to Authority
| English gloss | Greek | Transliteration | Burmese | Burmese translit. | Risk | Rejected alternatives | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| rulers and authorities | ἀρχαὶ ἐξουσίαι | archai exousiai | အာဏာပိုင်များနှင့် အုပ်ချုပ်ရေးအရာရှိများ | arna-pain-myar hnin ok-choke-yay ayarshi-myar | High | — | Politically sensitive given Myanmar’s history of military governance; flag per baseline’s Romans 13 authority precedent. |
| submit/be subject | ὑποτάσσω | hypotassō | လက်အောက်ခံခြင်း | let-auk-khan-chin | High | fear-based coercive framing; monastic-hierarchy submission framing | Voluntary, Spirit-enabled ordering, distinct both from political fear-subjugation and from ordination-based monastic hierarchy. Used of civil (3:1), household (2:5), and master-slave (2:9) relations. |
| obey (authority) | πειθαρχέω | peitharcheō | အာဏာပိုင်ကိုနာခံခြင်း | arna-pain ko na-khan-chin | Medium | — | Built on baseline’s နာခံ root (obedience_of_faith). |
| speak evil of/slander | βλασφημέω | blasphēmeō | ကဲ့ရဲ့ပြောဆိုခြင်း | keh-yeh pyaw-hso-chin | Medium | — | Also of “the word of God” being reviled (2:5). |
| peaceable | ἄμαχος | amachos | ရန်ဒဏ်ကင်းသော | yan-dan-kin-thaw | Low | — | |
| gentle/reasonable | ἐπιεικής | epieikēs | နူးညံ့သိမ်မွေ့သော | noon-nyan thate-mway-thaw | Low/Medium | — | |
| gentleness | πραΰτης | prautēs | နူးညံ့သိမ်မွေ့မှု | noon-nyan thate-mway-hmu | Low | — | |
| master (household) | δεσπότης | despotēs | သခင် | thakhin | Medium | — | Homonym risk: baseline reserves သခင် for Christ’s exclusive Lordship (κύριος); requires disambiguating note when used of a human master (2:9). |
B.7 Avoiding Divisive Controversies
| English gloss | Greek | Transliteration | Burmese | Burmese translit. | Risk | Rejected alternatives | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| controversies/speculations | ζήτησις | zētēsis | အငြင်းပွားစရာမေးခွန်းများ | a-nyin-pwar-sara may-khun-myar | High | — | Must not be conflated with legitimate doctrinal defense (1:9); targets unprofitable speculative wrangling specifically. |
| divisive/factious person | αἱρετικὸς ἄνθρωπος | hairetikos anthrōpos | အချင်းချင်းကွဲပြားစေသောသူ | a-chin-chin kway-pyar-say-thaw thu | High | later technical “heretic” doctrinal category (avoid over-reading back) | Names a behavior pattern (faction-making), the earliest-stage NT usage of the root that later becomes “heresy.” |
| genealogies | γενεαλογία | genealogia | မျိုးဆက်စာရင်းများ | myo-set sayin-myar | Medium | — | Distinguish from theologically significant biblical genealogies (e.g., Davidic line, baseline). |
| quarrels about the law | μάχαι νομικαί | machai nomikai | ပညတ်တရားဆိုင်ရာအငြင်းပွားမှုများ | pyinnat-tayar-hsaing-ya a-nyin-pwar-hmu-myar | Medium | — | Builds on baseline’s ပညတ်တရား. |
| admonition | νουθεσία | nouthesia | သတိပေးခြင်း | thadi-pay-chin | Low | — | |
| self-condemned | αὐτοκατάκριτος | autokatakritos | မိမိကိုယ်ကို စီရင်ဆုံးဖြတ်ပြီးဖြစ်သော | mimi-koko si-yin-soun-hpyat-pyi-hpyit-thaw | Medium | — | |
| unfruitful | ἄκαρπος | akarpos | အသီးအပွင့်မဲ့သော | a-thi-a-pwin-meh-thaw | Medium | — | Agricultural fruit-bearing metaphor closing the letter. |
B.8 Other Load-Bearing Terms (Christology, Ethics, Household)
| English gloss | Greek | Transliteration | Burmese | Burmese translit. | Risk | Rejected alternatives | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| great God and Savior Jesus Christ | μέγας θεὸς καὶ σωτὴρ ἡμῶν Ἰησοῦς Χριστός | megas theos kai sōtēr hēmōn Iēsous Christos | ငါတို့၏ကြီးမြတ်တော်မူသောဘုရားနှင့် ကယ်တင်ရှင်ယေရှုခရစ် | nga-toe i kyi-myat-taw-mu-thaw phayarthakhin hnin kaetin-shin Yayshu Khayitto | CRITICAL | any rendering implying two separate referents | Single-referent Sharp’s-rule grammar (Tit 2:13); mandatory theologian review as a deity-of-Christ proof text. |
| love | ἀγάπη | agapē | ချစ်ခြင်းမေတ္တာ | chit-chin metta | CRITICAL | မေတ္တာ alone unqualified | Absent from the baseline package; retained despite Brahmavihara collision as established Myanmar Christian usage, always with a standing note that this love originates in God, not cultivated meditation. |
| godly life (adv. cluster) | σωφρόνως, δικαίως, εὐσεβῶς | sōphronōs, dikaiōs, eusebōs | ကိုယ်ကိုချုပ်တည်းစွာ၊ ဖြောင့်မတ်စွာ၊ ဘုရားတရားလိုက်နာသောစိတ်နှင့် | (as above) | High | — | See individual entries above (B.1, B.3). |
| endurance/patience | ὑπομονή | hypomonē | ခံနိုင်ရည်ရှိမှု | khan-nain-ye-shi-hmu | Medium | — | |
| sober-minded | νηφάλιος | nēphalios | သမ္မာသတိရှိသော | thanma-thadi-shi-thaw | Low/Medium | — | |
| dignified | σεμνός | semnos | ဂုဏ်သိက္ခာရှိသော | goun-thate-kha-shi-thaw | Low | — | |
| pure/chaste (of persons) | ἁγνός | hagnos | ဖြူစင်သော | hpyu-sin-thaw | Medium | — | Distinct from καθαρός and ἅγιος. |
| gave himself for us | ἔδωκεν ἑαυτὸν ὑπὲρ ἡμῶν | edōken heauton hyper hēmōn | မိမိကိုယ်ကို ငါတို့အတွက်ပေးအပ်တော်မူသော | mimi-ko-ko nga-toe-a-twet pay-ap-taw-mu-thaw | Critical | — | Substitutionary atonement; flag per baseline’s atonement escalation rule. |
Risk Summary for Titus New Terms
| Tier | Count | Review Routing |
|---|---|---|
| Critical | 6 | Human theologian, mandatory, every occurrence (παλιγγενεσία/regeneration; μέγας θεὸς καὶ σωτήρ/Tit 2:13; ἀγάπη/love; σωτήρ/Savior title; λυτρόω/redeem; substitutionary self-giving 2:14) |
| High | 19 | Human theologian |
| Medium | 30 | Native speaker review |
| Low | 26 | Automated review |
All terms above must be merged into translation_memory.json and bible_term_registry.json in Phase 2 before segment translation of Titus begins, per the baseline AI requirements document’s Translation Memory Load and Enforcement Instructions.
Critical Risk Terms
Christ
Approved rendering: ခရစ်တော်
Transliteration: Khayitto
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Original: Χριστός
Category: Christology
Not a standalone baseline TM key (baseline records only ‘jesus’), but is the established Myanmar Bible title ‘Anointed One’ always paired with ယေရှု per the baseline AI requirements document’s transliteration standards. Formalized here as its own entry because Titus’s high concentration of Christological material (1:1,4; 2:13; 3:6) requires explicit glossary tracking.
Elder
Approved rendering: အသင်းတော်လူကြီး
Transliteration: athin-taw lu-kyi
Doctrine: Qualifications for Elders
Rejected alternatives: ဘုန်းကြီး, ရဟန်း, ဆရာတော်, ဆရာကြီး, ခေါင်းဆောင် (too generic)
Original: πρεσβύτερος
Category: Church
NEW — single highest-collision-risk ecclesiological term in Titus. Renders πρεσβύτερος at Titus 1:5. NEVER use monk/senior-monastic titles. A married, ordinarily-employed layman’s congregational office is the theological opposite of a celibate monastic renunciant. Mandatory theologian review, every occurrence.
Father
Approved rendering: အဖ
Transliteration: a-pha
Doctrine: Adoption into God’s Family
Rejected alternatives: ဗြဟ္မာ
Original: πατήρ
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. Occurs at Titus 1:4 in the letter-opening greeting. Never ဗြဟ္မာ (Brahma).
Gave Himself For Us
Approved rendering: မိမိကိုယ်ကို ငါတို့အတွက်ပေးအပ်တော်မူသော
Transliteration: mimi-ko-ko nga-toe-a-twet pay-ap-taw-mu-thaw
Doctrine: Substitutionary Atonement
Rejected alternatives: generic self-sacrifice language
Original: ὃς ἔδωκεν ἑαυτὸν ὑπὲρ ἡμῶν
Category: Christology
NEW. Renders the Titus 2:14 substitutionary self-giving clause. Flagged per baseline’s mandatory atonement escalation rule.
God
Approved rendering: ဘုရားသခင်
Transliteration: Phayarthakhin
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Rejected alternatives: ဘုရား, နတ်သခင်
Original: θεός
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. Occurs throughout Titus (1:1-4; 2:11; 3:4-5). Must always appear in full; ဘုရား alone reads as a Buddha-image or pagoda.
Grace
Approved rendering: ကျေးဇူးတော်
Transliteration: kyayzu-taw
Doctrine: Salvation by Grace not Works
Rejected alternatives: ကုသိုလ်, ကံကောင်းခြင်း, ဝါသနာတော်
Original: χάρις
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Occurs at Titus 1:4; 2:11; 3:7; 3:15. Every occurrence must reinforce ‘apart from merit,’ directly against ကုသိုလ်ပြုခြင်း (daily merit-making practice).
Great God And Savior
Approved rendering: ငါတို့၏ကြီးမြတ်တော်မူသောဘုရားနှင့် ကယ်တင်ရှင်ယေရှုခရစ်
Transliteration: nga-toe i kyi-myat-taw-mu-thaw phayarthakhin hnin kaetin-shin Yayshu Khayitto
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Rejected alternatives: any rendering implying two separate referents (a ‘great God’ and, separately, ‘Savior Jesus Christ’)
Original: ὁ μέγας θεὸς καὶ σωτὴρ ἡμῶν Ἰησοῦς Χριστός
Category: Christology
NEW. Renders the Titus 2:13 Sharp’s-rule single-referent construction. Burmese sentence structure must preserve the single-referent grammar. Mandatory theologian review, every occurrence. NEVER echo Watchtower-style two-referent renderings.
Holy Spirit
Approved rendering: သန့်ရှင်းသောဝိညာဉ်တော်
Transliteration: thangyinthaw weinnyin-taw
Doctrine: Regeneration by the Holy Spirit
Rejected alternatives: နတ်ဝိညာဉ်, ဝိညာဉ်
Original: πνεῦμα ἅγιον
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. Anchors Titus 3:5-6, the letter’s regeneration/renewal statement. Never ဝိညာဉ် alone or နတ်ဝိညာဉ်.
Jesus
Approved rendering: ယေရှု
Transliteration: Yayshu
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: ရှင်ယေရှု
Original: Ἰησοῦς
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package. Occurs at Titus 1:1, 1:4, 2:13, 3:6.
Justification
Approved rendering: ဖြောင့်မတ်ရာသို့ ရောက်ခြင်း
Transliteration: pyaungmat-ya-tho-yauk-chin
Doctrine: Salvation by Grace not Works
Rejected alternatives: ကုသိုလ်ရခြင်း, အပြစ်ပြေခြင်း
Original: δικαιωθέντες
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Titus 3:7: ‘being justified by his grace’ — grounded explicitly in grace, never the works excluded in 3:5.
Love Agape
Approved rendering: ချစ်ခြင်းမေတ္တာ
Transliteration: chit-chin metta
Doctrine: Christian Love (Agape) as Spirit-Produced Fruit
Rejected alternatives: မေတ္တာ alone, unqualified (self-cultivated Brahmavihara virtue)
Original: ἀγάπη
Category: Faith
NEW — absent from the baseline Romans package entirely. Renders ἀγάπη at Titus 2:2. Retained as settled ecclesial convention; every occurrence requires a standing teaching note that this love originates in God’s own character (3:4-5), not cultivated meditation.
Redeem
Approved rendering: ရွေးနှင်းခြင်း
Transliteration: ywe-hnin-chin
Doctrine: Substitutionary Atonement
Rejected alternatives: merit-transfer/karmic-debt framing (e.g. ကုသိုလ်မှ ရွေးဝေခြင်း-style phrasing)
Original: λυτρώσηται
Category: Salvation
NEW. Renders λυτρόω at Titus 2:14. A personal ransom paid by a personal Savior, never an impersonal karmic-ledger transaction or merit-dedication.
Regeneration
Approved rendering: ဇာတိသစ်ဖြစ်ခြင်း
Transliteration: zar-ti thit hpyit-chin
Doctrine: Regeneration by the Holy Spirit
Rejected alternatives: ပဋိသန္ဓေတည်ခြင်း, ပြန်လည်မွေးဖွားခြင်း
Original: παλιγγενεσία
Category: Salvation
NEW — highest-collision-risk term in Titus. Renders παλιγγενεσία at Titus 3:5. NEVER use the rejected rebirth/samsara terms, already forbidden by baseline for resurrection. One-time, Spirit-wrought, permanent transfer from death to life. Mandatory theologian review and standing translator note, every occurrence.
Righteousness
Approved rendering: ဖြောင့်မတ်ခြင်း
Transliteration: pyaungmat-chin
Doctrine: Salvation by Grace not Works
Rejected alternatives: ကုသိုလ်ကံ, သီလ
Original: δικαιοσύνη
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Explicitly excluded as a ground of salvation at Titus 3:5 (‘works done … in righteousness’).
Salvation
Approved rendering: ကယ်တင်ခြင်း
Transliteration: kaetin-chin
Doctrine: Salvation by Grace not Works
Rejected alternatives: နိဗ္ဗာန်ရောက်ခြင်း, လွတ်မြောက်ခြင်း
Original: σωτηρία / ἔσωσεν
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Occurs (as verb ကယ်တင်တော်မူသည်) at Titus 2:11 and 3:5. NEVER နိဗ္ဗာန်ရောက်ခြင်း.
Savior Title
Approved rendering: ကယ်တင်ရှင်
Transliteration: kaetin shin
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Original: σωτήρ
Category: Christology
NEW. Renders σωτήρ, applied to both the Father (1:3; 2:10; 3:4) and the Son (1:4; 2:13; 3:6) — six occurrences. Must render IDENTICALLY for both referents to preserve the letter’s shared-deity rhetorical strategy.
Sound Doctrine
Approved rendering: ကျန်းမာသောသွန်သင်ချက်
Transliteration: kyanma-thaw thun-thin-chet
Doctrine: Sound Doctrine and Good Works
Rejected alternatives: generic ‘correct/right teaching’
Original: ὑγιαίνουσα διδασκαλία
Category: Doctrine
NEW — the letter’s structural theme-word. Renders ὑγιαίνουσα διδασκαλία at Titus 1:9,13; 2:1,2,8. Must preserve the health/disease metaphor consistently at every occurrence.
High Risk Terms
Before The Ages
Approved rendering: ကမ္ဘာအဆက်ဆက်မတိုင်မီ ကာလများမှစ၍
Transliteration: kaba-athet-athet-ma-tine-mi kala-myar-hma-sa-ywe
Doctrine: Eternal Purpose of God
Original: πρὸ χρόνων αἰωνίων
Category: Eschatology
NEW. Renders πρὸ χρόνων αἰωνίων at Titus 1:2. Must be distinguished from cyclical kalpa cosmology; this is a single, linear, purposive eternity, not repeating world-ages. Standing translator note required.
Bringing Salvation
Approved rendering: ကယ်တင်ခြင်းကို ဆောင်ဖြစ်စေသော
Transliteration: kaetin-chin ko sha-hnin pyit-say-thaw
Doctrine: Grace That Trains for Godly Living
Rejected alternatives: အကျိုးရှိသော (helpful/beneficial)
Original: σωτήριος
Category: Salvation
NEW. Renders σωτήριος at Titus 2:11. Built on baseline ကယ်တင်ခြင်း; must not be softened into ‘helpful.‘
Conscience
Approved rendering: ကိုယ်ကျင့်သိစိတ်
Transliteration: koku-kyin thi-sate
Doctrine: Conscience and True Purity
Rejected alternatives: ဟိရိ-ဩတ္တပ္ပ (hiri-ottappa, cultivated moral shame/dread pair)
Original: συνείδησις
Category: Doctrine
NEW. Renders συνείδησις at Titus 1:15. An innate, God-given faculty, not a meditative attainment.
Controversies Speculations
Approved rendering: အငြင်းပွားစရာမေးခွန်းများ
Transliteration: a-nyin-pwar-sara may-khun-myar
Doctrine: Avoiding Divisive Controversies
Original: ζητήσεις
Category: Controversy
NEW. Renders ζητήσεις at Titus 3:9. Must not be conflated with legitimate doctrinal defense commanded at 1:9,13 — targets unprofitable speculative wrangling specifically.
Divisive Person
Approved rendering: အချင်းချင်းကွဲပြားစေသောသူ
Transliteration: a-chin-chin kway-pyar-say-thaw thu
Doctrine: Avoiding Divisive Controversies
Rejected alternatives: later technical ‘heretic’ doctrinal category
Original: αἱρετικὸν ἄνθρωπον
Category: Controversy
NEW. Renders αἱρετικὸν ἄνθρωπον at Titus 3:10. Names a behavior pattern (persistent faction-making), not the later, fully developed technical sense of ‘heretic.‘
Election
Approved rendering: ရွေးကောက်ခြင်း
Transliteration: ywaykauk-chin
Doctrine: Apostleship and Divine Calling
Rejected alternatives: ကံဇာတာ, ကံကြမ္မာ
Original: ἐκλεκτῶν
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Titus 1:1: ‘the faith of God’s elect.’ Never ကံဇာတာ/ကံကြမ္မာ.
Enslaved To Passions
Approved rendering: တပ်မက်မှုနှင့် ခံစားချက်များ၏အကျွန်ခံနေသော
Transliteration: tat-mak-hmu hnin khan-sar-chet-myar i akyun-khan-nay-thaw
Doctrine: Regeneration by the Holy Spirit
Original: δουλεύοντες ἐπιθυμίαις καὶ ἡδοναῖς
Category: Sin
NEW. Renders δουλεύοντες ἐπιθυμίαις καὶ ἡδοναῖς at Titus 3:3. Total, helpless bondage that only regeneration (3:5) cures; must not suggest self-liberation through discipline.
Epiphany Appearing
Approved rendering: ပေါ်ထွန်းတော်မူခြင်း
Transliteration: pyaw-htun taw-mu chin
Doctrine: Grace That Trains for Godly Living
Rejected alternatives: ရောက်လာခြင်း (generic ‘arrived’), စတင်ခြင်း (generic ‘began’)
Original: ἐπιφάνεια / ἐπιφαίνω
Category: Eschatology
NEW. Renders ἐπιφάνεια/ἐπιφαίνω. Must be rendered IDENTICALLY at all three occurrences: Titus 2:11 (grace’s past appearing), 2:13 (Christ’s future appearing), 3:4 (God’s kindness appearing) — the letter’s already/not-yet structure.
Eternal Life
Approved rendering: ထာဝရအသက်
Transliteration: tha-wara a-thet
Doctrine: Eternal Life and Inheritance
Rejected alternatives: နိဗ္ဗာန်ရောက်ခြင်း (nirvana)
Original: ζωὴ αἰώνιος
Category: Salvation
NEW. Renders ζωὴ αἰώνιος at Titus 1:2; 3:7. Unending personal relational life with God — distinct both from anatta’s denial of an eternal soul-essence and from nirvana as cessation.
Glory
Approved rendering: ဘုန်းတော်
Transliteration: phon-taw
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Rejected alternatives: ဘုန်းကံ
Original: δόξα
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. Occurs at Titus 2:13, of Christ’s future appearing.
Godliness
Approved rendering: ဘုရားတရားလိုက်နာမှု
Transliteration: phayar-tayar laik-na-hmu
Doctrine: Grace That Trains for Godly Living
Rejected alternatives: ဘုရားဝတ်ကျေခြင်း (generic ritual duty)
Original: εὐσέβεια
Category: Sanctification
NEW. Renders εὐσέβεια at Titus 1:1, 2:12. Contains တရား; must be taught as reverent devotion to the true God, not ‘following the Dhamma’ — same risk pattern as baseline’s သာသနာပြု caution.
Good Works
Approved rendering: ကောင်းသောအကျင့်များ
Transliteration: kaung-thaw a-kyin-myar
Doctrine: Sound Doctrine and Good Works
Rejected alternatives: ကုသိုလ်ကောင်းမှု (merit-deeds)
Original: καλὰ ἔργα
Category: Doctrine
NEW — the letter’s refrain-term. Renders καλὰ ἔργα at Titus 1:16; 2:7,14; 3:1,8,14 (six occurrences). Always the fruit of grace/regeneration, never their cause.
Heir
Approved rendering: အမွေခံ
Transliteration: a-mway-khan
Doctrine: Eternal Life and Inheritance
Original: κληρονόμος
Category: Salvation
NEW. Renders κληρονόμος at Titus 3:7. Legal consequence of justification; teach alongside baseline adoption doctrine as full, not probationary, inheritance.
Law
Approved rendering: ပညတ်တရား
Transliteration: pyinnat tayar
Doctrine: Avoiding Divisive Controversies
Rejected alternatives: ဝိနည်း
Original: νόμος
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package. Occurs at Titus 3:9 (‘quarrels about the law’). Never ဝိနည်း (monastic Vinaya).
Lawlessness
Approved rendering: ဥပဒေမဲ့ကျင့်ခြင်း
Transliteration: u-pade-meh kyin-chin
Doctrine: Substitutionary Atonement
Original: ἀνομία
Category: Sin
NEW. Renders ἀνομία at Titus 2:14. A totalizing rebellious condition, distinct from the baseline’s အပြစ် (a single transgression).
Lord
Approved rendering: သခင်
Transliteration: thakhin
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: ဘုရင်, ဆရာသခင်
Inherited from Romans package (κύριος, exclusive supreme Lordship of Christ). Not directly quoted as a confession formula in Titus, but the identical Burmese word (သခင်) is reused for the mundane ‘master’ (δεσπότης) at Titus 2:9 — see master_household entry below for the required disambiguation.
Mercy Kindness Love Triad Note
Approved rendering: (see mercy, kindness, loving_kindness entries)
Transliteration: n/a
Doctrine: Divine Mercy, Kindness, and Love as Motives for Salvation
Cross-reference entry: Titus 3:4-5 accumulates three distinct divine attributes (χρηστότης/kindness, φιλανθρωπία/loving-kindness, ἔλεος/mercy). All three must be rendered distinctly in the same passage or the rhetorical build toward 3:5’s ‘not by works’ is flattened.
Mercy
Approved rendering: သနားညှာတာခြင်း
Transliteration: thanar-nyar-tar-chin
Doctrine: Divine Mercy, Kindness, and Love as Motives for Salvation
Rejected alternatives: ကရုဏာ (karuna, cultivated Brahmavihara virtue)
Original: ἔλεος
Category: Salvation
NEW. Renders ἔλεος at Titus 3:5. God’s personal, sovereign compassion toward the guilty, never a self-cultivated inner attainment.
Overseer
Approved rendering: ကြီးကြပ်သူ
Transliteration: kyi-kyat thu
Doctrine: Qualifications for Elders
Rejected alternatives: terms implying rank above elder
Original: ἐπίσκοπος
Category: Church
NEW. Renders ἐπίσκοπος at Titus 1:7 — a functional synonym of elder in 1:5-7, not a higher rank or sangha-superior. Explicit translator note required on functional synonymy.
Pure Clean
Approved rendering: စင်ကြယ်သော
Transliteration: sin-kyay-thaw
Doctrine: Conscience and True Purity
Original: καθαρός
Category: Doctrine
NEW. Renders καθαρός at Titus 1:15. CAUTION: baseline explicitly rejected this word as an alternative for holy (ἅγιος) due to ritual-purity lean; here that lean is contextually correct (Paul addresses a ritual-purity controversy) but requires an explicit disambiguating note.
Renewal
Approved rendering: ပြန်လည်သစ်လွင်ခြင်း
Transliteration: pyan-le thit-lwin-chin
Doctrine: Regeneration by the Holy Spirit
Original: ἀνακαίνωσις
Category: Sanctification
NEW. Renders ἀνακαίνωσις at Titus 3:5. Ongoing sequel to regeneration; must stay visibly distinct from ဇာတိသစ်ဖြစ်ခြင်း.
Rulers And Authorities
Approved rendering: အာဏာပိုင်များနှင့် အုပ်ချုပ်ရေးအရာရှိများ
Transliteration: arna-pain-myar hnin ok-choke-yay ayarshi-myar
Doctrine: Submission to Authority
Original: ἀρχαὶ ἐξουσίαι
Category: Ethics
NEW. Renders ἀρχαὶ ἐξουσίαι at Titus 3:1. Politically sensitive given Myanmar’s history of military governance; teach as a general biblical principle of civil order, not endorsement of any regime, paralleling the baseline’s Romans 13:1-7 flag.
Sin
Approved rendering: အပြစ်
Transliteration: a-pyit
Doctrine: False Teachers and Church Discipline
Rejected alternatives: အကုသိုလ်
Original: ἁμαρτάνει
Category: Sin
Inherited from Romans package. Occurs at Titus 3:11 of the divisive person’s persistent wrongdoing.
Slave Of God
Approved rendering: ကျွန်
Transliteration: kyun
Doctrine: Apostleship and Divine Calling
Original: δοῦλος θεοῦ
Category: Church
NEW. Renders δοῦλος θεοῦ at Titus 1:1, an honorific of total devotion. The same word recurs in its literal socioeconomic sense at 2:9 — both senses must be distinguished in context notes.
Submit Be Subject
Approved rendering: လက်အောက်ခံခြင်း
Transliteration: let-auk-khan-chin
Doctrine: Submission to Authority
Rejected alternatives: fear-based coercive framing, monastic-hierarchy submission framing
Original: ὑποτάσσεσθαι
Category: Ethics
NEW. Renders ὑποτάσσω at Titus 2:5,9; 3:1. Voluntary, Spirit-enabled ordering, distinct from political fear-subjugation and from ordination-based monastic hierarchy.
Trains Disciplines
Approved rendering: ဆုံးမလေ့ကျင့်ပေးခြင်း
Transliteration: sohn-ma lay-kyin pay-chin
Doctrine: Grace That Trains for Godly Living
Rejected alternatives: self-effort framing (ကိုယ်ကိုယ်ကျင့်ခြင်း)
Original: παιδεύουσα
Category: Sanctification
NEW. Renders παιδεύω at Titus 2:12. Grace itself is the grammatical subject/agent; must never be rendered so that the believer becomes the active trainer. Contrast with vipassana/precept self-training.
Treasured Possession People
Approved rendering: ကိုယ်တော်ပိုင်ဆိုင်တော်မူသော လူစုတော်
Transliteration: koyaw pain-shain-taw-mu-thaw lu-su-taw
Doctrine: Covenant Continuity of God’s People
Original: λαὸν περιούσιον
Category: Covenant
NEW. Renders λαὸν περιούσιον at Titus 2:14, echoing Exodus 19:5/Deuteronomy 14:2. Requires OT covenant background teaching for an audience with low OT narrative literacy.
Ungodliness
Approved rendering: ဘုရားတရားကို ငြင်းပယ်သောအကျင့်
Transliteration: phayar-tayar ko nyin-pai thaw a-kyin
Doctrine: Grace That Trains for Godly Living
Rejected alternatives: general ‘bad behavior’
Original: ἀσέβεια
Category: Sanctification
NEW. Renders ἀσέβεια at Titus 2:12. A whole life-orientation away from God, distinct from အပြစ် (a single sin).
Washing
Approved rendering: ဆေးကြောခြင်း
Transliteration: hsay-kyaw-chin
Doctrine: Regeneration by the Holy Spirit
Rejected alternatives: ရေချိုးခြင်း, ရေချိုးသန့်စင်ခြင်း
Original: λουτρόν
Category: Salvation
NEW. Renders λουτρόν at Titus 3:5. Figurative for the Spirit’s cleansing symbolized by baptism, not a literal ritual bath — the rejected terms are already banned by baseline for sanctification and apply even more directly here.
Worldly Passions
Approved rendering: လောကီတပ်မက်မှု
Transliteration: lawki tat-mak-hmu
Doctrine: Grace That Trains for Godly Living
Original: κοσμικαὶ ἐπιθυμίαι
Category: Sanctification
NEW. Renders κοσμικαὶ ἐπιθυμίαι at Titus 2:12. တပ်မက်မှု echoes တဏှာ (tanha, craving); the cure is grace/Spirit, never self-effort extinguishing.
Medium Risk Terms
Adoption
Approved rendering: သားအဖြစ်လက်ခံခြင်း
Transliteration: thar-a-phyit let-khan-chin
Doctrine: Eternal Life and Inheritance
Rejected alternatives: ဝမ်းစုတင်ခြင်း
Inherited from Romans package. Background doctrine to κληρονόμος (heir) at Titus 3:7; teach alongside ‘heir’ as its legal ground.
Adorn Doctrine
Approved rendering: တန်ဆာဆင်ခြင်း
Transliteration: tanzar-hsin-chin
Doctrine: Sound Doctrine and Good Works
Original: κοσμῶσιν τὴν διδασκαλίαν
Category: Doctrine
NEW. Renders κοσμῶσιν τὴν διδασκαλίαν at Titus 2:10. Figurative — conduct making sound doctrine visibly credible.
Apostle
Approved rendering: တမန်တော်
Transliteration: tamantaw
Doctrine: Apostleship and Divine Calling
Rejected alternatives: ဆရာတော်, ဆရာကြီး
Original: ἀπόστολος
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package. Occurs at Titus 1:1, Paul’s self-designation.
Blameless
Approved rendering: အပြစ်တင်ခွင့်မရှိသော
Transliteration: a-pyit-tin khwin-mashi-thaw
Doctrine: Qualifications for Elders
Original: ἀνέγκλητος
Category: Church
NEW. Renders ἀνέγκλητος at Titus 1:6-7; parallel ἀκατάγνωστος at 2:8.
Blessed
Approved rendering: မင်္ဂလာရှိသော
Transliteration: min-ga-la shi-thaw
Doctrine: Blessed Hope and the Second Coming of Christ
Original: μακάριος
Category: Faith
NEW but established Myanmar Bible convention since the Judson tradition (cf. Beatitudes). Renders μακάριος at Titus 2:13. Retained despite folk-auspiciousness overtones (မင်္ဂလာ ceremonies); teach as God-given, not ritual auspiciousness.
Circumcision Party
Approved rendering: အရေဖျားလှီးခြင်းဝင်သူများ
Transliteration: a-yay-hpyar-hli-chin win-thu-myar
Doctrine: False Teachers and Church Discipline
Original: οἱ ἐκ τῆς περιτομῆς
Category: Doctrine
NEW. Renders οἱ ἐκ τῆς περιτομῆς at Titus 1:10. Requires OT/early-church background note on circumcision controversies.
Commandments Of Men
Approved rendering: လူတို့၏ပညတ်များ
Transliteration: lu-toe i pyinnat-myar
Doctrine: Sound Doctrine and Good Works
Original: ἐντολαῖς ἀνθρώπων
Category: Doctrine
NEW. Renders ἐντολαῖς ἀνθρώπων at Titus 1:14. Must stay visibly distinct from baseline ပညတ်တရား (the Mosaic Law) — this names human-invented rules.
Devote To Good Works
Approved rendering: ကြိုးစားအားထုတ်ခြင်း
Transliteration: kyo-sar-arr-htoke-chin
Doctrine: Sound Doctrine and Good Works
Original: προΐστασθαι
Category: Doctrine
NEW. Renders προΐστασθαι at Titus 3:8, 3:14.
Disqualified
Approved rendering: စစ်ဆေးရာတွင်ကျရှုံးသော
Transliteration: sit-say-yar-twin kya-shoun-thaw
Doctrine: False Teachers and Church Discipline
Original: ἀδόκιμος
Category: Doctrine
NEW. Renders ἀδόκιμος at Titus 1:16.
Endurance Patience
Approved rendering: ခံနိုင်ရည်ရှိမှု
Transliteration: khan-nain-ye-shi-hmu
Doctrine: Christian Love (Agape) as Spirit-Produced Fruit
Original: ὑπομονή
Category: Faith
NEW. Renders ὑπομονή at Titus 2:2, part of the faith/love/endurance triad for older men.
Faith
Approved rendering: ယုံကြည်ခြင်း
Transliteration: yun-kyi-chin
Doctrine: Faith
Rejected alternatives: သဒ္ဓါတရား
Original: πίστις
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans package. Occurs at Titus 1:1,4,13; 2:2,10; 3:8,15.
Genealogies
Approved rendering: မျိုးဆက်စာရင်းများ
Transliteration: myo-set sayin-myar
Doctrine: Avoiding Divisive Controversies
Original: γενεαλογίας
Category: Controversy
NEW. Renders γενεαλογίας at Titus 3:9. Must not be confused with theologically significant biblical genealogies (e.g., the baseline’s seed_of_david/davidic_covenant entries).
God Who Never Lies
Approved rendering: မုသားနှင့်ကင်းသောဘုရားသခင်
Transliteration: muthar-hnin-kin-thaw phayarthakhin
Doctrine: Inspiration and Trustworthiness of the Word
Original: ἀψευδὴς θεός
Category: God
NEW. Renders ἀψευδὴς θεός at Titus 1:2, grounding the promise of eternal life.
Holy Devout
Approved rendering: ဘုရားဝတ်ကြည်ညိုသော
Transliteration: phayar-wut kyi-nyo-thaw
Doctrine: Qualifications for Elders
Rejected alternatives: သီလရှိသော
Original: ὅσιος
Category: Church
NEW. Renders ὅσιος at Titus 1:8. NEVER သီလရှိသော (precepts kept for merit), same caution baseline applies to righteousness.
Hope
Approved rendering: မျှော်လင့်ချက်
Transliteration: myaw-lin-chet
Doctrine: Blessed Hope and the Second Coming of Christ
Original: ἐλπίς
Category: Faith
NEW. Renders ἐλπίς (Titus 1:2; 2:13; 3:7). Confident expectation grounded in God’s promise, not fatalistic/karma-conditioned uncertainty.
Household And Family Terms
Approved rendering: လင်ကိုချစ်သော၊ သားသမီးကိုချစ်သော၊ အိမ်တွင်းမှုကို ဆောင်ရွက်သော
Transliteration: lin-ko chit-thaw, thar-thamee-ko chit-thaw, ein-dwin-hmu-ko sha-yauk-thaw
Doctrine: Household and Family Ethics
Original: φιλάνδρους, φιλοτέκνους, οἰκουρούς
Category: Ethics
NEW. Renders φιλάνδρους, φιλοτέκνους, οἰκουρούς at Titus 2:4-5, virtues commended to younger women.
Husband Of One Wife
Approved rendering: မယားတစ်ဦးတည်းရှိသောလင်ယောက်ျား
Transliteration: mayar tit-oo-teh shi-thaw lin-yauk-kya
Doctrine: Qualifications for Elders
Original: μιᾶς γυναικὸς ἀνήρ
Category: Church
NEW. Renders μιᾶς γυναικὸς ἀνήρ at Titus 1:6. Requires pastoral application notes on marital faithfulness as the qualifying standard.
Insubordinate Children
Approved rendering: အာခံသော
Transliteration: arkhan-thaw
Doctrine: Qualifications for Elders
Original: ἀνυπότακτα
Category: Church
NEW. Renders ἀνυπότακτα at Titus 1:6, negation of the ὑποτάσσω family.
Jewish Myths
Approved rendering: ယုဒလူမျိုးတို့၏ဒဏ္ဍာရီများ
Transliteration: Yuda-lu-myo-toe i danda-yi-myar
Doctrine: Sound Doctrine and Good Works
Original: Ἰουδαϊκοῖς μύθοις
Category: Doctrine
NEW. Renders Ἰουδαϊκοῖς μύθοις at Titus 1:14.
Kindness
Approved rendering: ကြင်နာမှု
Transliteration: kyin-na-hmu
Doctrine: Divine Mercy, Kindness, and Love as Motives for Salvation
Original: χρηστότης
Category: Salvation
NEW. Renders χρηστότης at Titus 3:4. Must stay visibly distinct from grace and mercy — all three accumulate in 3:4-5.
Loving Kindness
Approved rendering: လူသားချစ်ခင်ခြင်း
Transliteration: lu-thar chit-khin-chin
Doctrine: Divine Mercy, Kindness, and Love as Motives for Salvation
Original: φιλανθρωπία
Category: Salvation
NEW. Renders φιλανθρωπία at Titus 3:4. God’s love reaching humanity in its lostness (3:3).
Master Household
Approved rendering: သခင်
Transliteration: thakhin
Doctrine: Household and Family Ethics
Original: δεσπότης
Category: Ethics
NEW USAGE of the EXISTING baseline word. Renders δεσπότης at Titus 2:9 (a human household master). Homonym risk: baseline reserves သခင် exclusively for κύριος (Christ’s exclusive Lordship). Standing disambiguating translator note required at every occurrence of this mundane sense.
Obey Authority
Approved rendering: အာဏာပိုင်ကိုနာခံခြင်း
Transliteration: arna-pain ko na-khan-chin
Doctrine: Submission to Authority
Original: πειθαρχεῖν
Category: Ethics
NEW. Renders πειθαρχέω at Titus 3:1, built on baseline’s နာခံ root (obedience_of_faith).
Peace
Approved rendering: ငြိမ်သက်ခြင်း
Transliteration: nyein-thet-chin
Doctrine: Peace with God
Rejected alternatives: ကိလေသာငြိမ်းခြင်း
Original: εἰρήνη
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Occurs at Titus 1:4 in the opening greeting alongside grace.
Poured Out
Approved rendering: သွန်းလောင်းတော်မူသည်
Transliteration: thun-laung-taw-mu-thi
Doctrine: Regeneration by the Holy Spirit
Original: ἐξέχεεν
Category: Sanctification
NEW. Renders ἐκχέω at Titus 3:6, Pentecost/Joel-family imagery. Abundant, once-given, not rationed.
Present Age
Approved rendering: ယခုခေတ်
Transliteration: ya-khu khet
Doctrine: Grace That Trains for Godly Living
Rejected alternatives: ယခုဘဝ
Original: νῦν αἰών
Category: Eschatology
NEW. Renders νῦν αἰών at Titus 2:12. Avoid ဘဝ (Buddhist bhava, mode of existence in samsara); ခေတ် (era) is religiously neutral.
Profess Confess
Approved rendering: ဝန်ခံသည်
Transliteration: wan-khan-thi
Doctrine: False Teachers and Church Discipline
Original: ὁμολογέω
Category: Doctrine
NEW. Renders ὁμολογέω at Titus 1:16. Distinct nuance from Romans 10:9’s lordship-confession usage — here a false, self-contradicted profession.
Quarrels About Law
Approved rendering: ပညတ်တရားဆိုင်ရာအငြင်းပွားမှုများ
Transliteration: pyinnat-tayar-hsaing-ya a-nyin-pwar-hmu-myar
Doctrine: Avoiding Divisive Controversies
Original: μάχας νομικάς
Category: Controversy
NEW. Renders μάχας νομικάς at Titus 3:9. Builds on baseline ပညတ်တရား; names contentious disputation, not the Law’s status.
Rebuke
Approved rendering: အပြစ်ဖော်ထုတ်၍ဆုံးမခြင်း
Transliteration: a-pyit hpaw-htok-ywe sohn-ma-chin
Doctrine: Sound Doctrine and Good Works
Original: ἐλέγχω
Category: Doctrine
NEW. Renders ἐλέγχω at Titus 1:9,13; 2:15. Distinct pastoral function from exhort (παρακαλέω).
Self Condemned
Approved rendering: မိမိကိုယ်ကို စီရင်ဆုံးဖြတ်ပြီးဖြစ်သော
Transliteration: mimi-koko si-yin-soun-hpyat-pyi-hpyit-thaw
Doctrine: False Teachers and Church Discipline
Original: αὐτοκατάκριτος
Category: Controversy
NEW. Renders αὐτοκατάκριτος at Titus 3:11.
Self Controlled
Approved rendering: မိမိကိုယ်ကိုချုပ်တည်းခြင်း
Transliteration: mimi-koko chotti-chin
Doctrine: Grace That Trains for Godly Living
Original: σώφρων / σωφρόνως
Category: Sanctification
NEW. Renders σώφρων/σωφρόνως (Titus 1:8; 2:2,5,6,12). Cognate to Buddhist self-restraint (sīla); must be taught as Spirit-produced, not self-cultivated.
Self Disciplined
Approved rendering: မိမိကိုယ်ကိုချုပ်တည်းနိုင်သော
Transliteration: mimi-koko chotti-nain-thaw
Doctrine: Qualifications for Elders
Original: ἐγκρατής
Category: Church
NEW. Renders ἐγκρατής at Titus 1:8. Same self-cultivation caution as self_controlled.
Speak Evil Slander
Approved rendering: ကဲ့ရဲ့ပြောဆိုခြင်း
Transliteration: keh-yeh pyaw-hso-chin
Doctrine: Submission to Authority
Original: βλασφημεῖν
Category: Ethics
NEW. Renders βλασφημέω at Titus 2:5; 3:2. Render consistently across both occurrences.
Steward Of God
Approved rendering: ဘုရားသခင်၏ဘဏ္ဍာစိုး
Transliteration: phayarthakhin i banda-soe
Doctrine: Qualifications for Elders
Original: θεοῦ οἰκονόμος
Category: Church
NEW. Renders θεοῦ οἰκονόμος at Titus 1:7. Entrusted manager, not owner.
Trustworthy Saying
Approved rendering: ဤစကားသည် ယုံကြည်ကိုးစားရာဖြစ်၏
Transliteration: thi-sagar-thi yun-kyi-koe-sar-ya hpyit-i
Doctrine: Sound Doctrine and Good Works
Original: Πιστὸς ὁ λόγος
Category: Doctrine
NEW. Renders Πιστὸς ὁ λόγος at Titus 3:8, a fixed Pastoral Epistles formula sealing 3:4-7 as a creedal summary.
Truth
Approved rendering: သမ္မာတရား
Transliteration: thanma-tayar
Doctrine: Sound Doctrine and Good Works
Original: ἀλήθεια
Category: Doctrine
NEW but established Myanmar Christian usage since Judson (cf. John 14:6). Renders ἀλήθεια at Titus 1:1,14.
Unfruitful
Approved rendering: အသီးအပွင့်မဲ့သော
Transliteration: a-thi-a-pwin-meh-thaw
Doctrine: Sound Doctrine and Good Works
Original: ἄκαρποι
Category: Doctrine
NEW. Renders ἄκαρπος at Titus 3:14. Agricultural fruit-bearing metaphor, pairs with good_works.
Low Risk Terms
Admonition
Approved rendering: သတိပေးခြင်း
Transliteration: thadi-pay-chin
Doctrine: False Teachers and Church Discipline
Original: νουθεσία
Category: Controversy
NEW. Renders νουθεσία at Titus 3:10.
Deceivers
Approved rendering: လှည့်ဖျားသူများ
Transliteration: hlaeh-hpyar-thu-myar
Doctrine: False Teachers and Church Discipline
Original: φρεναπάται
Category: Doctrine
NEW. Renders φρεναπάται at Titus 1:10.
Empty Talkers
Approved rendering: အချည်းနှီးစကားပြောသူများ
Transliteration: a-chi-nhi sagar-pyaw-thu-myar
Doctrine: False Teachers and Church Discipline
Original: ματαιολόγοι
Category: Doctrine
NEW. Renders ματαιολόγοι at Titus 1:10.
Example Pattern
Approved rendering: စံနမူနာ
Transliteration: san-nam-una
Doctrine: Sound Doctrine and Good Works
Original: τύπος
Category: Doctrine
NEW. Renders τύπος at Titus 2:7.
Exhort
Approved rendering: တိုက်တွန်းနှိုးဆော်ခြင်း
Transliteration: taik-tun hnoso-chin
Doctrine: Mutual Edification and Exhortation
Original: παρακάλει
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans package. Occurs at Titus 2:15, distinct from ἐλέγχω (rebuke).
Gentle Reasonable
Approved rendering: နူးညံ့သိမ်မွေ့သော
Transliteration: noon-nyan thate-mway-thaw
Doctrine: Submission to Authority
Original: ἐπιεικής
Category: Ethics
NEW. Renders ἐπιεικής at Titus 3:2.
Gentleness
Approved rendering: နူးညံ့သိမ်မွေ့မှု
Transliteration: noon-nyan thate-mway-hmu
Doctrine: Submission to Authority
Original: πραΰτης
Category: Ethics
NEW. Renders πραΰτης at Titus 3:2.
Given To Wine
Approved rendering: အရက်သမား
Transliteration: a-yet-thamar
Doctrine: Qualifications for Elders
NEW. Renders πάροινος, disqualifying vice at Titus 1:7.
Greedy For Shameful Gain
Approved rendering: အရှက်ကွဲစရာငွေရှာသော
Transliteration: a-shet-kwe-sara nway-shar-thaw
Doctrine: Qualifications for Elders
NEW. Renders αἰσχροκερδής, disqualifying vice at Titus 1:7.
Hospitable
Approved rendering: ဧည့်ဝတ်ကျေပွန်သော
Transliteration: e-wut kyay-pwan-thaw
Doctrine: Qualifications for Elders
NEW. Renders φιλόξενος, virtue qualification at Titus 1:8.
Lover Of Good
Approved rendering: ကောင်းမှုကိုချစ်မြတ်နိုးသော
Transliteration: kaung-hmu ko chit-myat-noe-thaw
Doctrine: Qualifications for Elders
NEW. Renders φιλάγαθος, virtue qualification at Titus 1:8.
Peaceable
Approved rendering: ရန်ဒဏ်ကင်းသော
Transliteration: yan-dan-kin-thaw
Doctrine: Submission to Authority
Original: ἄμαχος
Category: Ethics
NEW. Renders ἄμαχος at Titus 3:2.
Profitable
Approved rendering: အကျိုးရှိသော
Transliteration: a-kyo-shi-thaw
Doctrine: Sound Doctrine and Good Works
Original: ὠφέλιμος
Category: Doctrine
NEW. Renders ὠφέλιμος at Titus 3:8.
Prophet
Approved rendering: ပရောဖက်
Transliteration: parawpeq
Doctrine: Inspiration and Trustworthiness of the Word
Rejected alternatives: ဗေဒင်ဆရာ
Original: προφήτης
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package. Used at Titus 1:12 of the Cretan poet Epimenides quoted by Paul — a rhetorical citation, not a claim of ongoing prophetic inspiration; pair with a translator note per analysis/05_translation_landscape.md.
Quick Tempered
Approved rendering: အမျက်လွယ်သော
Transliteration: amet-lwe-thaw
Doctrine: Qualifications for Elders
NEW. Renders ὀργίλος, disqualifying vice at Titus 1:7.
Self Willed
Approved rendering: ကိုယ်ကြိုက်ကျင့်သော
Transliteration: ko-kyaik kyin-thaw
Doctrine: Qualifications for Elders
NEW. Renders αὐθάδης, disqualifying vice at Titus 1:7.
Violent
Approved rendering: အကြမ်းဖက်တတ်သော
Transliteration: a-kyan-bhet-tat-thaw
Doctrine: Qualifications for Elders
NEW. Renders πλήκτης, disqualifying vice at Titus 1:7.
Referenced passages