Core Glossary
08 Core Glossary — 1 Peter (English/Greek → Burmese)
Purpose
This glossary consolidates every load-bearing theological term identified in 07_semantic_analysis.md, across all five chapters of 1 Peter, into a single per-term reference table. Terms marked [BASELINE] already exist in the Romans translation_memory.json / bible_term_registry.json and MUST be reused exactly with no deviation. Terms marked [NEW] are proposed here for the first time for the 1 Peter curriculum and require formal entry into an updated translation memory in Phase 1 Step 2, with Critical/High entries routed for human theologian review per the doctrine risk registry conventions established in the baseline.
Risk tiers follow the baseline’s definitions exactly:
- Critical — mistranslation destroys essential doctrine; human theologian review required for every occurrence.
- High — mistranslation creates significant theological confusion or syncretism risk; human theologian review required.
- Medium — mistranslation reduces clarity but preserves essential meaning; native speaker review recommended.
- Low — minor imprecision risk; automated review sufficient.
Glossary Table
| # | English Term | Greek / Transliteration | Burmese Rendering | Burmese Transliteration | Status | Risk | Doctrine Category | Key Passages | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | God | θεός / theos | ဘုရားသခင် | Phayarthakhin | [BASELINE] | Critical | God | 1:2,3,5,21; 2:4,20; 4:2,11; 5:2,10 | Never contract to ဘုရား alone. |
| 2 | Father | πατήρ / patēr | အဖ | a-pha | [BASELINE] | Critical | God | 1:2,3, 1:17 | Never ဗြဟ္မာ. |
| 3 | Jesus | Ἰησοῦς / Iēsous | ယေရှု | Yayshu | [BASELINE] | Critical | Christology | throughout | Standard Judson-tradition form. |
| 4 | Lord | κύριος / kyrios | သခင် | thakhin | [BASELINE] | Critical | Lordship of Christ | 1:3,25; 2:3,13; 3:6,15; 5:14 | Exclusive supreme authority. |
| 5 | Holy Spirit / Spirit | πνεῦμα ἅγιον / pneuma hagion | သန့်ရှင်းသောဝိညာဉ်တော် | thangyinthaw weinnyin-taw | [BASELINE] | Critical | Sanctification/God | 1:2,11,12; 3:18-19; 4:14 | Never ဝိညာဉ် alone or နတ်ဝိညာဉ်. |
| 6 | Grace | χάρις / charis | ကျေးဇူးတော် | kyayzu-taw | [BASELINE] | Critical | Grace | 1:2,10,13; 2:19-20; 3:7; 4:10; 5:5,10,12 | Never ကုသိုလ်/ကံကောင်းခြင်း. Note: 2:19-20 uses a distinct “commendable/credit” nuance requiring a translator note while retaining the same Burmese term. |
| 7 | Faith | πίστις / pistis | ယုံကြည်ခြင်း | yun-kyi-chin | [BASELINE] | Medium | Faith | 1:5,7,9,21; 5:9 | Object always Christ. |
| 8 | Righteousness | δικαιοσύνη / dikaiosynē | ဖြောင့်မတ်ခြင်း | pyaungmat-chin | [BASELINE] | Critical | Salvation/Suffering for Righteousness | 2:24; 3:14, 18 | Never ကုသိုလ်ကံ/သီလ. |
| 9 | Salvation | σωτηρία / sōtēria | ကယ်တင်ခြင်း | kaetin-chin | [BASELINE] | Critical | Salvation | 1:5,9,10; 2:2 | Never နိဗ္ဗာန်ရောက်ခြင်း. |
| 10 | Resurrection | ἀνάστασις / anastasis | ထမြောက်ခြင်း | hta-myauk-chin | [BASELINE] | Critical | Resurrection of Christ/Living Hope | 1:3; 3:21 | Never ပဋိသန္ဓေတည်ခြင်း/ပြန်လည်မွေးဖွားခြင်း. Paired collision risk with new term “born again” (#11). |
| 11 | Born again / regenerated | ἀναγεννάω / anagennaō | တဖန်မွေးဖွားစေခြင်း | tabhan mwaybwar-say-chin | [NEW] | Critical | Living Hope of the Resurrection | 1:3, 1:23 | CRITICAL: must not be assimilated to ပဋိသန္ဓေတည်ခြင်း (rebirth/reincarnation). A one-time, permanent, Spirit-wrought new birth, the opposite doctrinal direction from a repeating karmic cycle. Requires mandatory translator note at every occurrence, paired with resurrection note. |
| 12 | Living hope | ἐλπὶς ζῶσα / elpis zōsa | အသက်ရှင်သောမျှော်လင့်ခြင်း | athetshin-thaw hmyawlin-chin | [NEW] | High | Living Hope of the Resurrection | 1:3 | Must not be read as craving (တဏှာ) to be extinguished; hope here is anchored in the risen Christ and is a positive theological virtue. |
| 13 | Hope (general) | ἐλπίς / elpis | မျှော်လင့်ခြင်း | hmyawlin-chin | [NEW] | Medium | Living Hope; Suffering for Righteousness | 1:13,21; 3:15 | Standalone occurrences reuse the root of #12. |
| 14 | Mercy | ἔλεος / eleos | ကရုဏာတော် | karuna-taw | [NEW] | High | Grace/Living Hope | 1:3; 2:10 | Distinguish from ကရုဏာ as a cultivated Buddhist brahmavihāra virtue; here it is God’s own disposition acted out toward the guilty. |
| 15 | Inheritance | κληρονομία / klēronomia | အမွေ | a-mway | [NEW] | Medium | Living Hope | 1:4; 3:7 | Emphasize the inheritance is secured by God, not partible or forfeitable. |
| 16 | Imperishable | ἄφθαρτος / aphthartos | မပျက်စီးနိုင်သော | ma-pyet-si-naing-thaw | [NEW] | Medium | Living Hope | 1:4, 1:23 | Part of the ἄφθαρτον/ἀμίαντον/ἀμάραντον descriptive triad; keep terms distinct and paired. |
| 17 | Undefiled/unstained | ἀμίαντος / amiantos | အညစ်အကြေးမရှိသော | a-nyit-a-kyay-ma-shi-thaw | [NEW] | Medium | Living Hope | 1:4 | See #16. |
| 18 | Unfading | ἀμάραντος / amarantos | မညှိုးနွမ်းနိုင်သော | ma-nyo-nwan-naing-thaw | [NEW] | Medium | Living Hope; Elders and Humility | 1:4; 5:4 (ἀμαράντινος στέφανος) | Reused at 5:4 for the elders’ “unfading crown.” |
| 19 | Guarded / protected | φρουρέω / phroureō | ကွယ်ကာစောင့်ရှောက်ခြင်း | kwaykar-saung-shauk-chin | [NEW] | Medium | Living Hope; Power of God | 1:5 | Must not read as amulet/paritta-style protective charm; God’s own personal power guards. |
| 20 | Tested genuineness | δοκίμιον / dokimion | စစ်ဆေးအတည်ပြုပြီးသောစစ်မှန်မှု | sit-say-a-ti-pyu-pyi-thaw sit-mhan-hmu | [NEW] | Low-Medium | Living Hope; Suffering | 1:7 | Metallurgical refining metaphor; trials prove, not produce, genuine faith. |
| 21 | Various trials | ποικίλοι πειρασμοί / poikiloi peirasmoi | အမျိုးမျိုးသောစုံစမ်းခြင်း | a-myo-myo-thaw sohn-san-chin | [NEW] | High | Suffering for Righteousness | 1:6; cf. 4:10 (ποικίλης χάριτος) | Must not be read as karmic retribution for past wrongdoing. |
| 22 | Glory | δόξα / doxa | ဘုန်းတော် | phon-taw | [BASELINE] | High | Deity of Christ / Church identity | 1:7,8,11,21,24; 2:9,12,20; 4:11,13,14,16; 5:1,4,10 | Never ဘုန်းကံ. Extended senses (believer’s future glory, God’s honor) still use same term; note distinct nuances where needed. |
| 23 | Suffering (noun) / to suffer (verb) | πάθημα / pathēma; πάσχω / paschō | ဒုက္ခဝေဒနာ / ဒုက္ခခံစားခြင်း | dukkha-wedana / dukkha-khan-sar-chin | [NEW] | Critical | Suffering for Righteousness; Christ’s Substitutionary Suffering | 1:11; 2:19-23; 3:14,17-18; 4:1,13,15-16,19; 5:1,9-10 | HIGHEST-PRIORITY COLLISION in the book: ဒုက္ခ is the Buddhist First Noble Truth term. Must be taught in every occurrence as purposeful, temporary, hope-filled, Christ-patterned suffering — not inherent existential dukkha to be extinguished through detachment, and not evidence of past-life karmic guilt. Mandatory human theologian review at every occurrence. |
| 24 | Apostle | ἀπόστολος / apostolos | တမန်တော် | tamantaw | [BASELINE] | Medium | Apostleship | 1:1 | Never ဆရာတော်/ဆရာကြီး. |
| 25 | Elect / chosen | ἐκλεκτός / eklektos | ရွေးကောက်ထားသော | ywaykauk-htar-thaw | [BASELINE root] | High | Divine Calling/Election | 1:1; 2:4,6,9 | Never ကံဇာတာ/ကံကြမ္မာ. |
| 26 | Sojourners / exiles | παρεπίδημος, πάροικος / parepidēmos, paroikos | ဧည့်သည်အာဂန္တု | e-thi-ah-gan-tu | [NEW] | Medium | Christian Identity | 1:1; 2:11 | Emphasize heaven as true home, not merely refugee/displaced status. |
| 27 | Foreknowledge | πρόγνωσις / prognōsis | ဘုရားသခင်၏ ကြိုတင်သိမှတ်တော်မူခြင်း | Phayarthakhin i kyotin-thi-hmat-taw-mu-chin | [NEW] | High | Divine Calling/Election | 1:2, 1:20 | Never confused with astrological prediction (ဗေဒင်). |
| 28 | Sanctification / holy | ἁγιασμός, ἅγιος / hagiasmos, hagios | သန့်ရှင်းခြင်း / သန့်ရှင်းသော | thangyin-chin / thangyin-thaw | [BASELINE] | High | Sanctification; Holiness in Conduct | 1:2,15,16; 2:5,9; 3:5,15 | Never ရေချိုးသန့်စင်ခြင်း (ritual bathing). |
| 29 | Sprinkling of blood | ῥαντισμὸς αἵματος / rhantismos haimatos | အသွေးဖြန်းခြင်း | a-thway-hpyan-chin | [NEW] | High | Christ’s Substitutionary Suffering | 1:2 | Requires OT covenant background; not animistic blood-offering. |
| 30 | Obedience | ὑπακοή / hypakoē | နာခံမှု | nakhan-hmu | [NEW, related to BASELINE root] | Medium | Submission to Authority | 1:2,14,22 | Related to baseline “obedience_of_faith” ယုံကြည်ခြင်း၏နာခံမှု. |
| 31 | Prophets / prophecy | προφήτης, προφητεία / prophētēs, prophēteia | ပရောဖက် / ပရောဖက်ပြုချက် | parawpeq / parawpeq-pyu-chet | [BASELINE] | Low | Inspiration of Scripture | 1:10-12 | Never ဗေဒင်ဆရာ/ဗေဒင်စာတမ်း. |
| 32 | Spirit of Christ | Πνεῦμα Χριστοῦ / Pneuma Christou | ခရစ်တော်၏ ဝိညာဉ်တော် | Khayitto i weinnyin-taw | [NEW] | High | Inspiration of Scripture; Christ’s Proclamation to the Spirits | 1:11 | The Spirit belongs fully to the pre-incarnate Christ; guards against an impersonal reading. |
| 33 | Desire(s) / lust(s) | ἐπιθυμία / epithymia | တပ်မက်မှု | tat-met-hmu | [NEW] | Medium | Holiness in Conduct | 1:14; 2:11; 4:2-3 | Distinguish from တဏှာ (taṇhā) as a metaphysical link in dependent origination; here it is morally disordered desire opposed by holy living. |
| 34 | Conduct / way of life | ἀναστροφή / anastrophē | ကျင့်ကြံပြုမူချက် | kyin-kyan pyumu-chet | [NEW] | Medium | Holiness in Conduct | 1:15,18; 2:12; 3:1-2,16 | Recurring key term across the book. Not merit-generating self-purification (သီလ/ကုသိုလ်); fruit of new birth and gospel witness. |
| 35 | Redeem / redemption | λυτρόω / lytroō | ရွေးနှင်းခြင်း | ywayhnin-chin | [NEW] | Critical | Christ’s Substitutionary Suffering | 1:18 | Distinct from baseline “salvation” (broad deliverance); specifically names the ransom price paid — Christ’s blood, not silver or gold. |
| 36 | Lamb without blemish/spot | ἀμνὸς ἄμωμος καὶ ἄσπιλος / amnos amōmos kai aspilos | အပြစ်အနာအဆာကင်းသော သိုးငယ်တော် | a-pyit-a-nar-a-sar-kin-thaw thoe-ngay-taw | [NEW] | Critical | Christ’s Substitutionary Suffering | 1:19 | Requires Passover/OT sacrificial-system teaching; never merely moral-exemplar reading; not confused with animal/blood offerings to nats. |
| 37 | Living and abiding word of God | λόγος ζῶν καὶ μένων Θεοῦ / logos zōn kai menōn Theou | အသက်ရှင်၍ အမြဲတည်ရှိသော ဘုရားသခင့်နှုတ်ကပါဌ်တော် | athetshin-yi a-myae-ti-shi-thaw Phayarthakhin nhoat-kabat-taw | [NEW] | Medium | Living Hope; Inspiration of Scripture | 1:23,25 | The generative agent of new birth (#11); identified with the gospel preached. |
| 38 | Gospel | εὐαγγέλιον / euangelion | သတင်းကောင်း | thadin-kaung | [BASELINE] | High | Gospel | 1:12,25; 4:6,17 | Never ဓမ္မသတင်း/ကောင်းသောအကြောင်းအရာ. |
| 39 | Living stone | λίθος ζῶν / lithos zōn | အသက်ရှင်သောကျောက် | athetshin-thaw kyauk | [NEW] | Medium | Church as Holy and Royal Priesthood | 2:4-5 | |
| 40 | Spiritual house | οἶκος πνευματικός / oikos pneumatikos | ဝိညာဉ်ရေးဆိုင်ရာအိမ်တော် | weinnyin-yay-saing-yar eindaw | [NEW] | Medium | Church as Holy and Royal Priesthood | 2:5 | The church, not a building; cf. baseline “church” အသင်းတော်. |
| 41 | Priesthood | ἱεράτευμα / hierateuma | ယဇ်ပုရောဟိတ်အရာ | yaza-poyawhit-a-yar | [NEW] | Critical | Church as Holy and Royal Priesthood | 2:5 | Never built on ရဟန်း (monk) vocabulary, per baseline “apostle” precedent. |
| 42 | Royal priesthood | βασίλειον ἱεράτευμα / basileion hierateuma | ဘုရင့်ယဇ်ပုရောဟိတ်အုပ်စု | bayin-ye yaza-poyawhit oat-su | [NEW] | Critical | Church as Holy and Royal Priesthood | 2:9 | Every believer has direct priestly access to God through Christ; no ordained religious middle class; not comparable to nat-kadaw spirit mediums. |
| 43 | Cornerstone | λίθος ἀκρογωνιαῖος / lithos akrogōniaios | အထောင့်ချုပ်ကျောက် | a-htaung-choat kyauk | [NEW] | Medium | Church as Holy and Royal Priesthood | 2:6-7 | |
| 44 | Chosen race | γένος ἐκλεκτόν / genos eklekton | ရွေးကောက်ထားသောအမျိုး | ywaykauk-htar-thaw amyo | [NEW, BASELINE root] | High | Church as Holy and Royal Priesthood; Election | 2:9 | |
| 45 | Holy nation | ἔθνος ἅγιον / ethnos hagion | သန့်ရှင်းသောလူမျိုး | thangyin-thaw lu-myo | [NEW] | High | Church as Holy and Royal Priesthood; Unity of Jews and Gentiles | 2:9 | Transnational, multiethnic people of God; not an ethnic-Burman religious priority claim. |
| 46 | People for [God’s] possession | λαὸς εἰς περιποίησιν / laos eis peripoiēsin | ဘုရားသခင်ပိုင်ဆိုင်သောလူစု | Phayarthakhin paing-saing-thaw lu-su | [NEW] | Medium | Church as Holy and Royal Priesthood | 2:9 | |
| 47 | Spiritual sacrifices | θυσία πνευματική / thysia pneumatikē | ဝိညာဉ်ဆိုင်ရာယဇ်ပူဇော်ခြင်း | weinnyin-saing-yar yaza-pu-zaw-chin | [NEW] | High | Church as Holy and Royal Priesthood | 2:5 | New-covenant worship offered through Christ; not merit-generating dana offerings. |
| 48 | Gentiles / nations | ἔθνη / ethnē | တစ်ပါးအမျိုးသား | tabar-amyothar | [BASELINE] | Medium | Unity of Jews and Gentiles | 2:12 | |
| 49 | Submit / be subject | ὑποτάσσω / hypotassō | ကျိုးနွံခြင်း | kyonwan-chin | [NEW] | High | Submission to Authority | 2:13,18; 3:1,5,22; 5:5 | Consistent term across civil authority, servants/masters, wives/husbands, younger/elders. Voluntary, gospel-motivated, not coerced or an erasure of conscience. |
| 50 | Freedom | ἐλευθερία, ἐλεύθερος / eleutheria, eleutheros | လွတ်လပ်ခြင်း | lwatlap-chin | [NEW] | Medium | Submission to Authority | 2:16 | Freedom expressed through willing service to God, not license. |
| 51 | Servant of God | δοῦλος Θεοῦ / doulos Theou | ဘုရားသခင်၏အစေခံ | Phayarthakhin i a-say-khan | [NEW] | Medium | Submission to Authority | 2:16 | |
| 52 | Master / household servant | δεσπότης, οἰκέτης / despotēs, oiketēs | အရှင် / အစေခံ | a-shin / a-say-khan | [NEW] | Medium | Submission to Authority | 2:18 | Not an endorsement of slavery as an ideal; cultural-historical note required, parallel to Romans 13. |
| 53 | Endure | ὑπομένω / hypomenō | သည်းခံခြင်း | thenkhan-chin | [NEW] | High | Christlike Endurance | 2:20 | Distinguish from stoic equanimity/upekkha cultivated to escape suffering; hope-filled perseverance trusting future vindication. |
| 54 | [Christ] suffered for you, leaving an example | Χριστὸς ἔπαθεν ὑπὲρ ὑμῶν…ὑπογραμμόν / Christos epathen hyper hymōn…hypogrammon | ခရစ်တော်သည် သင်တို့အတွက် ဒုက္ခခံတော်မူ၍ ပုံသက်သေထားတော်မူသည် | Khayitto thi thindo a-twet dukkha-khan-taw-mu-yi pon-thetthay-htar-taw-mu-thi | [NEW] | Critical | Christ’s Substitutionary Suffering | 2:21 | Substitutionary ὑπέρ preserved (အတွက်/ကိုယ်စား); both exemplary and atoning dimensions retained. |
| 55 | [Christ] bore our sins in his body on the tree | τὰς ἁμαρτίας ἡμῶν…ἀνήνεγκεν ἐν τῷ σώματι αὐτοῦ ἐπὶ τὸ ξύλον / tas hamartias hēmōn…anēnegken en tō sōmati autou epi to xylon | ငါတို့၏အပြစ်များကို မိမိကိုယ်ခန္ဓာအားဖြင့် လက်ဝါးကပ်တိုင်ပေါ်တွင် ကိုယ်တော်ကိုယ်တိုင် ထမ်းဆောင်တော်မူသည် | nga-do i a-pyit-myar ko mi-mi koh-danda a-pyin let-war-kat-tai paw-twin koh-daw koh-tai htan-saung-taw-mu-thi | [NEW] | Critical | Christ’s Substitutionary Suffering | 2:24 | Direct Isaiah 53 echo; core substitutionary-atonement text. Reuses baseline ἁμαρτία → အပြစ်. |
| 56 | By his wounds you were healed | τῷ μώλωπι αὐτοῦ ἰάθητε / tō mōlōpi autou iathēte | ကိုယ်တော်၏ အနာများကြောင့် သင်တို့သည် ကျန်းမာသွားကြပြီ | koh-daw i a-nar-myar-kyaung thindo thi kyan-mar-thwar-kya-pyi | [NEW] | High | Christ’s Substitutionary Suffering | 2:24 | Isaiah 53:5 quotation; wound-for-healing substitutionary logic. |
| 57 | Shepherd / Overseer of your souls | ποιμήν καὶ ἐπίσκοπος τῶν ψυχῶν / poimēn kai episkopos tōn psychōn | သိုးထိန်းနှင့် ကြီးကြပ်ကွပ်ကဲသူ | thoe-htein hnin kyi-kyat-kwat-kae-thu | [NEW] | Medium | Elders and Humility (Christological ground) | 2:25 | Christ’s own titles, root for chapter 5’s elder/shepherd terms. |
| 58 | Blessed | μακάριος / makarios | မင်္ဂလာရှိသော | mingalar-shi-thaw | [NEW] | Medium | Suffering for Righteousness | 3:14; 4:14 | Distinguish from auspicious-fortune/astrological connotation; God’s own approval and favor, not ritually secured luck. |
| 59 | Sanctify [Christ as Lord] | ἁγιάζω / hagiazō | သန့်ရှင်းစေခြင်း | thangyin-say-chin | [BASELINE root] | High | Suffering for Righteousness | 3:15 | Reverencing Christ’s supreme lordship inwardly. |
| 60 | Defense / reasoned answer | ἀπολογία / apologia | ချေပချက် | chay-pa-chet | [NEW] | Medium | Suffering for Righteousness | 3:15 | |
| 61 | Once [for all] | ἅπαξ / hapax | တစ်ကြိမ်တည်း | ta-kyein-tae | [NEW] | Medium | Christ’s Substitutionary Suffering | 3:18 | Preserve unrepeatable, sufficient finality of Christ’s atoning suffering. |
| 62 | Righteous for the unrighteous | δίκαιος ὑπὲρ ἀδίκων / dikaios hyper adikōn | ဖြောင့်မတ်တော်မူသောသူသည် မဖြောင့်မတ်သောသူများအတွက် | pyaungmat-taw-mu-thaw-thu-thi ma-pyaungmat-thaw-thu-myar a-twet | [NEW] | Critical | Christ’s Substitutionary Suffering | 3:18 | Substitutionary ὑπέρ (“in the place of / for the sake of”) must be grammatically clear in Burmese, not softened to a vague causal sense. |
| 63 | Spirits in prison | πνεύματα ἐν φυλακῇ / pneumata en phylakē | အကျဉ်းချထားသောဝိညာဉ်များ | a-kyin-cha-htar-thaw weinnyin-myar | [NEW] | Critical | Christ’s Proclamation to the Spirits | 3:19 | Must not be assimilated to ပြိတ္တာ (hungry ghosts) or appeasable nat categories; must foreclose any “second chance for the dead” or merit-transfer-to-the-dead reading. Mandatory theologian review. |
| 64 | Proclaim / herald | κηρύσσω / kēryssō | ကြေညာဟောပြောခြင်း | kyay-nyar haw-pyaw-chin | [NEW] | High | Christ’s Proclamation to the Spirits | 3:19 | Distinct from εὐαγγελίζω (baseline gospel-preaching); likely a proclamation of finished victory, not a fresh salvation offer. |
| 65 | Patience / longsuffering [of God] | μακροθυμία / makrothymia | ရှည်ကြာစွာသည်းခံခြင်း | shay-kya-swa thenkhan-chin | [NEW] | Medium | Christ’s Proclamation to the Spirits | 3:20 | God’s patience awaiting Noah’s generation. |
| 66 | Corresponding type / antitype | ἀντίτυπος / antitypos | ပုံဆောင်ချက် | pon-htaung-chet | [NEW] | Medium | Christ’s Proclamation to the Spirits | 3:21 | Ark/flood-water typology for baptism. |
| 67 | Baptism | βάπτισμα / baptisma | နှစ်ခြင်းဗတ္တိဇံ | hnyit-chin bathiza | [NEW] | Critical | Christ’s Proclamation to the Spirits | 3:21 | Not the physical washing itself that saves; efficacy rests on Christ’s resurrection; not confused with ritual water-purification, merit-bathing, or Thingyan religious overtones. |
| 68 | Appeal / pledge [of a good conscience] | ἐπερώτημα / eperōtēma | ကတိပြုချက် | kati-pyu-chet | [NEW] | Medium | Christ’s Proclamation to the Spirits | 3:21 | Disputed lexical nuance; flag for native speaker review. |
| 69 | Angels, authorities, and powers [subjected to him] | ἄγγελοι, ἐξουσίαι, δυνάμεις / angeloi, exousiai, dynameis | ကောင်းကင်တမန်များ၊ အာဏာစက်များ၊ တန်ခိုးများ | kaunggin-tamanmyar, ah-nar-sat-myar, tankhoemyar | [NEW] | Medium | Christ’s Proclamation to the Spirits; Lordship of Christ | 3:22 | Confirms Christ’s cosmic supremacy over every spiritual power. |
| 70 | Sober-minded / arm yourselves with the same mindset | νήφω, ὁπλίζομαι τῇ ἐννοί�ᾳ / nēphō, hoplizomai tē ennoia | သတိရှိစွာနေခြင်း / တူညီသောစိတ်သဘောထားနှင့် လက်နက်စွဲကိုင်ခြင်း | thati-shi-swa nay-chin / tu-nyi-thaw seit-thabaw-htar-nhin let-net-swat-kai-chin | [NEW] | Medium | Christlike Endurance | 1:13; 4:1,7; 5:8 | Recurring exhortation across the letter. |
| 71 | Idolatry | εἰδωλολατρία / eidōlolatria | ရုပ်တုကိုးကွယ်ခြင်း | rupatu koekwe-chin | [NEW] | High | Holiness in Conduct | 4:3 | Requires care given Myanmar’s extensive devotional use of images; worship directed at false gods/created things, not blanket condemnation of visual religious art. |
| 72 | Christian | Χριστιανός / Christianos | ခရစ်ယာန် | Khayiyan | [NEW] | Low | Suffering for Righteousness | 4:16 | Established, low-risk term. |
| 73 | Judgment | κρίμα, κρίνω / krima, krinō | စစ်ကြောစီရင်ခြင်း | sit-kyaw si-yin-chin | [NEW] | Medium | Christ’s Substitutionary Suffering (final judgment) | 4:17-18 | Distinguish from impersonal ကံ (karma), per baseline “providence” caution. |
| 74 | Creator | κτίστης / ktistēs | ဖန်ဆင်းရှင် | fahnsin-shin | [NEW] | Medium | Providence (entrusting souls) | 4:19 | Personal, faithful, purposeful Creator. |
| 75 | Elder | πρεσβύτερος / presbyteros | အသင်းတော်လူကြီး | athin-taw lu-gyi | [NEW] | Medium | Elders and Humility | 5:1,5 | Not primarily age-based social seniority nor monastic-ordination-rank status. |
| 76 | Shepherd [verb]; flock | ποιμαίνω, ποίμνιον / poimainō, poimnion | သိုးထိန်းခြင်း / သိုးအုပ် | thoe-htein-chin / thoe-oat | [NEW] | Medium | Elders and Humility | 2:25; 5:2 | |
| 77 | Overseer / exercising oversight | ἐπίσκοπος, ἐπισκοπέω / episkopos, episkopeō | ကြီးကြပ်ကွပ်ကဲသူ | kyi-kyat-kwat-kae-thu | [NEW] | Medium | Elders and Humility | 2:25; 5:2 | |
| 78 | Domineering / lording over | κατακυριεύω / katakyrieuō | အုပ်စိုးဩဇာပြသခြင်း | oat-soe aw-za pya-tha-chin | [NEW] | High | Elders and Humility | 5:3 | Must not be softened; precisely the vice elders are forbidden. |
| 79 | Chief Shepherd | ἀρχιποίμην / archipoimēn | အကြီးအကဲသိုးထိန်း | a-kyi-a-kae thoe-htein | [NEW] | Medium | Elders and Humility | 5:4 | Christ over under-shepherds. |
| 80 | Humility / humble-minded | ταπεινοφροσύνη, ταπεινόφρων / tapeinophrosynē, tapeinophrōn | စိတ်နှိမ့်ချမှု | seit hnimehcha-hmu | [NEW] | High | Elders and Humility | 3:8; 5:5-6 | Distinguish from merit-generating ritual self-effacement before monks; relational disposition flowing from and inviting God’s grace. |
| 81 | Proud | ὑπερήφανος / hyperēphanos | ဂုဏ်ယူဝါကြွားသော | gunyu wagyway-thaw | [NEW] | Medium | Elders and Humility | 5:5 | |
| 82 | Anxiety / care | μέριμνα / merimna | စိုးရိမ်ပူပန်မှု | soyein-pupan-hmu | [NEW] | Low | Elders and Humility (pastoral) | 5:7 | |
| 83 | Adversary; devil | ἀντίδικος; διάβολος / antidikos; diabolos | ရန်ဘက်ပြုသူ; မာရ်နတ် | yan-bet-pyu-thu; Mara-nat | [NEW] | Critical | Christlike Endurance (spiritual warfare) | 5:8 | Established Myanmar term မာရ်နတ် embeds double collision (Mara + nat spirit); must be taught as a real, personal, malevolent being resisted through firm faith, not a psychological symbol or appeasable spirit. |
| 84 | Firm in the faith / resist | στερεός τῇ πίστει, ἀνθίστημι / stereos tē pistei, anthistēmi | ယုံကြည်ခြင်း၌ တည်ကြည်စွာ ခုခံခြင်း | yunkyichin thwae ti-kyi-swa khu-khan-chin | [NEW] | Medium | Christlike Endurance | 5:9 | |
| 85 | The God of all grace…will restore, confirm, strengthen, establish | ὁ…Θεὸς πάσης χάριτος…καταρτίσει, στηρίξει, σθενώσει, θεμελιώσει | ကျေးဇူးတော်အားလုံး၏ ဘုရားသခင်…ပြန်လည်ပြင်ဆင်ပေး၍ တည်ကြည်ခွန်အားပေး အခြေခိုင်စေတော်မူမည် | kyayzu-taw a-lone i Phayarthakhin…pyan-lae pyin-shin-pay-yi ti-kyi khun-ar-pay a-chay-khaing-say-taw-mu-mhi | [NEW] | Medium | Suffering for Righteousness; Grace | 5:10 | Assurance rests on God’s character, not karmic fortune. |
| 86 | Dominion / might | κράτος / kratos | အာဏာစက် | ah-nar-sat | [NEW] | Low | Doxology | 5:11 | |
| 87 | Love | ἀγάπη / agapē | ချစ်ခြင်းမေတ္တာ | chit-chin metta | [NEW] | High | Holiness in Conduct; Elders and Humility | 1:8,22; 4:8; 5:14 | Established compound borrows Buddhist မေတ္တာ (metta, cultivated loving-kindness); must be taught as relational, covenantal, self-giving love responsive to Christ’s prior love, not an impartial meditative technique. |
| 88 | Brotherly love | φιλαδελφία / philadelphia | ညီအစ်ကိုချစ်ခြင်း | nyi-a-ko chit-chin | [NEW] | Medium | Church identity | 1:22; 3:8 | |
| 89 | Fellowship / participation [in Christ’s sufferings] | κοινωνέω, κοινωνός / koinōneō, koinōnos | ပါဝင်ဆက်ဆံသူ / ဝေစုခံသူ | pa-win-set-han-thu / way-su-khan-thu | [BASELINE root] | Medium | Suffering for Righteousness | 4:13; 5:1 | Related to baseline “fellowship” မိတ်သဟာယ; intensified here to active participation in Christ’s sufferings. |
| 90 | Spiritual gifts | χάρισμα / charisma | ဝိညာဉ်ဆုကျေးဇူး | weinnyin su kyayzu | [BASELINE] | Medium | Church service | 4:10 | Never merit-earned or occult power. |
| 91 | Steward | οἰκονόμος / oikonomos | ဘဏ္ဍာစိုး / အုပ်ထိန်းသူ | bandarsoe / oat-htein-thu | [NEW] | Low-Medium | Church service | 4:10 | |
| 92 | Peace | εἰρήνη / eirēnē | ငြိမ်သက်ခြင်း | nyein-thet-chin | [BASELINE] | Medium | Peace with God | 1:2; 3:11; 5:14 | Never ကိလေသာငြိမ်းခြင်း (meditative defilement-stilling). |
| 93 | Sin | ἁμαρτία / hamartia | အပြစ် | a-pyit | [BASELINE] | High | Universal Human Accountability | 2:22,24; 4:1,8 | Never အကုသိုလ်. |
Additional Doctrine-to-Term Cross-Reference
| Curriculum Doctrine | Primary Terms (# in table) | Risk Ceiling |
|---|---|---|
| The Living Hope of the Resurrection | #10, #11, #12, #15-18 | Critical |
| Suffering for Righteousness’ Sake | #21, #23, #58, #59, #89 | Critical |
| The Church as a Holy and Royal Priesthood | #39-47 | Critical |
| Submission to Authority and Christlike Endurance | #49-53, #70, #83-84 | Critical |
| Christ’s Substitutionary Suffering | #35, #36, #54-56, #61-62 | Critical |
| Holiness in Conduct | #33, #34, #71, #87-88 | High |
| Elders and Humility | #75-82 | High |
| Christ’s Proclamation to the Spirits (1 Peter 3:18-22) | #63-69 | Critical |
End of 08_core_glossary.md
Critical Risk Terms
Baptism
Approved rendering: နှစ်ခြင်းဗတ္တိဇံ
Transliteration: hnyit-chin bathiza
Doctrine: Baptism as a New Covenant Sign
Rejected alternatives: ရေချိုးသန့်စင်ခြင်း
Original: βάπτισμα
Category: Church
The single most doctrinally delicate clause in the letter (3:21). Must make unmistakably clear the physical water-washing itself does not save; salvation’s efficacy rests entirely on Christ’s resurrection. Not confused with ritual water-purification, merit-bathing of images, blessed-water healing practice, or the Thingyan festival’s washing-away-of-misdeeds overtones.
Bore Our Sins
Approved rendering: ငါတို့၏အပြစ်များကို မိမိကိုယ်ခန္ဓာအားဖြင့် လက်ဝါးကပ်တိုင်ပေါ်တွင် ကိုယ်တော်ကိုယ်တိုင် ထမ်းဆောင်တော်မူသည်
Transliteration: nga-do i a-pyit-myar ko mi-mi koh-danda a-pyin let-war-kat-tai paw-twin koh-daw koh-tai htan-saung-taw-mu-thi
Doctrine: Christ’s Substitutionary Suffering
Original: τὰς ἁμαρτίας ἡμῶν αὐτὸς ἀνήνεγκεν ἐν τῷ σώματι αὐτοῦ ἐπὶ τὸ ξύλον
Category: Christology
Direct Isaiah 53 echo (2:24). Core substitutionary-atonement text. Must retain the specific ‘carrying/bearing’ verb sense, not soften into a generic ‘dealt with’ our sins.
Born Again
Approved rendering: တဖန်မွေးဖွားစေခြင်း
Transliteration: tabhan mwaybwar-say-chin
Doctrine: New Birth / Regeneration
Rejected alternatives: ပဋိသန္ဓေတည်ခြင်း, ပြန်လည်မွေးဖွားခြင်း
Original: ἀναγεννάω
Category: Living Hope
CRITICAL COLLISION with ပဋိသန္ဓေတည်ခြင်း (samsaric rebirth), the baseline’s forbidden resurrection alternative. A single, unrepeatable, God-caused spiritual birth ending condemnation permanently — the opposite doctrinal direction from a repeating karma-driven cycle. Mandatory translator note at every occurrence (1:3, 1:23), paired with the resurrection note.
Christ Suffered Example
Approved rendering: ခရစ်တော်သည် သင်တို့အတွက် ဒုက္ခခံတော်မူ၍ ပုံသက်သေထားတော်မူသည်
Transliteration: Khayitto thi thindo a-twet dukkha-khan-taw-mu-yi pon-thetthay-htar-taw-mu-thi
Doctrine: Christ’s Substitutionary Suffering
Original: Χριστὸς ἔπαθεν ὑπὲρ ὑμῶν… ὑπογραμμόν
Category: Christology
The substitutionary ὑπέρ (2:21) must be preserved with အတွက်/ကိုယ်စား; both the exemplary and atoning dimensions must be retained together.
Christ
Approved rendering: ခရစ်တော်
Transliteration: Khayitto
Doctrine: Christology
[Inherited from Romans package transliteration standards, 12_ai_translation_requirements.md.] Used constantly throughout 1 Peter (e.g. 1:1,3,11,19; 2:21; 3:18; 4:1,13; 5:1,10,14). Must remain consistent with the baseline’s established transliteration for Christ.
Devil
Approved rendering: မာရ်နတ်
Transliteration: Mara-nat
Doctrine: Spiritual Warfare and the Devil
Original: διάβολος
Category: Spiritual Warfare
Established Myanmar Christian term embeds a double collision: မာရ် (Mara, the Buddha’s tempter-antagonist, often read as a symbol of craving to be transcended) and နတ် (an appeasable animist spirit). Retained per established usage but must carry a mandatory translator note at every occurrence (5:8): a real, personal, malevolent being resisted through firm faith, never placated, avoided by taboo, or reduced to a psychological symbol.
Father
Approved rendering: အဖ
Transliteration: a-pha
Doctrine: God
Rejected alternatives: ဗြဟ္မာ
Original: πατήρ
Category: God
[Inherited from Romans package.] Never ဗြဟ္မာ. God as the Father who caused the new birth (1:3) and the impartial judge (1:17).
God
Approved rendering: ဘုရားသခင်
Transliteration: Phayarthakhin
Doctrine: God
Rejected alternatives: ဘုရား, နတ်သခင်
Original: θεός
Category: God
[Inherited from Romans package.] Never contract to ဘုရား alone. Opens the letter (1:2) and recurs throughout (1:3,5,21; 2:4,20; 4:2,11; 5:2,10).
Grace
Approved rendering: ကျေးဇူးတော်
Transliteration: kyayzu-taw
Doctrine: Grace
Rejected alternatives: ကုသိုလ်, ကံကောင်းခြင်း, ဝါသနာတော်
Original: χάρις
Category: Salvation
[Inherited from Romans package.] Never ကုသိုလ်/ကံကောင်းခြင်း. 1 Peter 2:19-20 uses χάρις in a distinct ‘commendable credit’ sense; retain the same Burmese term but flag with a translator note so it is not read as merit earned by the sufferer’s own virtue.
Holy Spirit
Approved rendering: သန့်ရှင်းသောဝိညာဉ်တော်
Transliteration: thangyinthaw weinnyin-taw
Doctrine: God / Sanctification
Rejected alternatives: ဝိညာဉ်, နတ်ဝိညာဉ်
Original: πνεῦμα ἅγιον
Category: God
[Inherited from Romans package.] Never ဝိညာဉ် alone or နတ်ဝိညာဉ်. Given 1 Peter’s dense spirit-related vocabulary (spirit of Christ, spirits in prison), keep this term visibly and grammatically distinct from ordinary ဝိညာဉ် usage elsewhere in the letter.
Jesus
Approved rendering: ယေရှု
Transliteration: Yayshu
Doctrine: Christology
Rejected alternatives: ရှင်ယေရှု
Original: Ἰησοῦς
Category: Christology
[Inherited from Romans package.] Standard Judson-tradition form, kept consistent throughout 1 Peter.
Lamb Without Blemish
Approved rendering: အပြစ်အနာအဆာကင်းသော သိုးငယ်တော်
Transliteration: a-pyit-a-nar-a-sar-kin-thaw thoe-ngay-taw
Doctrine: Christ’s Substitutionary Suffering
Original: ἀμνὸς ἄμωμος καὶ ἄσπιλος
Category: Christology
Requires explicit Passover/OT sacrificial-system teaching (1:19). Never a merely moral-exemplar reading nor confused with animal/blood offerings to nats.
Lord
Approved rendering: သခင်
Transliteration: thakhin
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: ဘုရင်, ဆရာသခင်
Original: κύριος
Category: Christology
[Inherited from Romans package.] Exclusive supreme authority. In 1 Peter, ground of ‘sanctify Christ as Lord in your hearts’ (3:15) and of Christ’s cosmic supremacy over every spiritual power (3:22).
Priesthood
Approved rendering: ယဇ်ပုရောဟိတ်အရာ
Transliteration: yaza-poyawhit-a-yar
Doctrine: Church as a Holy and Royal Priesthood
Rejected alternatives: ရဟန်း, ရဟန်းအရာ
Original: ἱεράτευμα
Category: Church
Built on the established OT priestly term ယဇ်ပုရောဟိတ်, never on ρဟန်း (monk) vocabulary, following the baseline’s ‘apostle’ precedent. Overturns Myanmar’s ordained-monastic/lay-donor two-tier structure (2:5).
Redeem
Approved rendering: ရွေးနှင်းခြင်း
Transliteration: ywayhnin-chin
Doctrine: Christ’s Substitutionary Suffering / Salvation
Original: λυτρόω
Category: Christology
Distinct from ‘salvation’ (broad deliverance); specifically names the ransom price of Christ’s blood (1:18), never silver or gold, and never a price paid to appease spirits.
Resurrection
Approved rendering: ထမြောက်ခြင်း
Transliteration: hta-myauk-chin
Doctrine: Living Hope of the Resurrection
Rejected alternatives: ပဋိသန္ဓေတည်ခြင်း, ပြန်လည်မွေးဖွားခြင်း
Original: ἀνάστασις
Category: Eschatology
[Inherited from Romans package.] Never ပဋိသန္ဓေတည်ခြင်း/ပြန်လည်မွေးဖွားခြင်း. In 1 Peter 1:3 stands directly beside ‘born again,’ creating a paired collision risk requiring a joint translator note. Also grounds baptism’s meaning (3:21).
Righteous For Unrighteous
Approved rendering: ဖြောင့်မတ်တော်မူသောသူသည် မဖြောင့်မတ်သောသူများအတွက်
Transliteration: pyaungmat-taw-mu-thaw-thu-thi ma-pyaungmat-thaw-thu-myar a-twet
Doctrine: Christ’s Substitutionary Suffering
Original: δίκαιος ὑπὲρ ἀδίκων
Category: Christology
The substitutionary sense of ὑπέρ (3:18) must be preserved with အတွက်/ကိုယ်စား, never softened into a vague causal ‘because of’ or a purely exemplary reading.
Righteousness
Approved rendering: ဖြောင့်မတ်ခြင်း
Transliteration: pyaungmat-chin
Doctrine: Salvation / Suffering for Righteousness’ Sake
Rejected alternatives: ကုသိုလ်ကံ, သီလ
Original: δικαιοσύνη
Category: Salvation
[Inherited from Romans package.] Never ကုသိုလ်ကံ/သီလ. Anchors the ‘suffering for righteousness’ doctrine (2:24; 3:14,18) — righteousness that provokes hostility, not a merit score.
Royal Priesthood
Approved rendering: ဘုရင့်ယဇ်ပုရောဟိတ်အုပ်စု
Transliteration: bayin-ye yaza-poyawhit oat-su
Doctrine: Church as a Holy and Royal Priesthood
Rejected alternatives: ρဟန်းအုပ်စု
Original: βασίλειον ἱεράτευμα
Category: Church
Every believer has direct priestly access to God through Christ (2:9); no ordained religious middle class, and not comparable to nat-kadaw spirit mediums.
Salvation
Approved rendering: ကယ်တင်ခြင်း
Transliteration: kaetin-chin
Doctrine: Salvation
Rejected alternatives: နိဗ္ဗာန်ရောက်ခြင်း, လွတ်မြောက်ခြင်း
Original: σωτηρία
Category: Salvation
[Inherited from Romans package.] Never နိဗ္ဗာန်ရောက်ခြင်း. Deliverance secured through Christ’s resurrection, guarded until its future revelation (1:5,9-10; 2:2).
Spirits In Prison
Approved rendering: အကျဉ်းချထားသောဝိညာဉ်များ
Transliteration: a-kyin-cha-htar-thaw weinnyin-myar
Doctrine: Christ’s Proclamation to the Spirits
Rejected alternatives: ပြိတ္တာ, နတ်
Original: πνεύματα ἐν φυλακῇ
Category: Christology
SEVERE COLLISION RISK: must not be assimilated to ပြိတ္တာ (hungry ghosts) or appeasable/releasable nat categories (3:19). Must foreclose any post-mortem-repentance or merit-transfer-to-the-dead (ကုသိုလ်မျှဝေခြင်း) reading. Mandatory theologian review at every occurrence.
Suffering
Approved rendering: ဒုက္ခဝေဒနာ / ဒုက္ခခံစားခြင်း
Transliteration: dukkha-wedana / dukkha-khan-sar-chin
Doctrine: Suffering for Righteousness’ Sake / Christ’s Substitutionary Suffering
Original: πάθημα / πάσχω
Category: Suffering
HIGHEST-PRIORITY COLLISION IN THIS BOOK. No viable non-ဒုက္ခ substitute exists in natural Burmese for ‘suffering/affliction.’ ဒုက္ခ is the Buddhist First Noble Truth term for inherent, universal unsatisfactoriness to be extinguished through detachment. 1 Peter’s suffering (1:11; 2:19-23; 3:14,17-18; 4:1,13,15-16,19; 5:1,9-10) is specific, temporary, purposeful, hope-filled, and Christ-patterned — not metaphysically inherent, not to be escaped through detachment, and not evidence of past-life karmic guilt. Mandatory human theologian review and a distinguishing translator note at EVERY occurrence.
High Risk Terms
By His Wounds Healed
Approved rendering: ကိုယ်တော်၏ အနာများကြောင့် သင်တို့သည် ကျန်းမာသွားကြပြီ
Transliteration: koh-daw i a-nar-myar-kyaung thindo thi kyan-mar-thwar-kya-pyi
Doctrine: Christ’s Substitutionary Suffering
Original: τῷ μώλωπι αὐτοῦ ἰάθητε
Category: Christology
Isaiah 53:5 quotation (2:24). Wound-for-healing substitutionary logic; healing is chiefly spiritual restoration through the atonement.
Called
Approved rendering: ခေါ်တော်မူသော
Transliteration: khaw-taw-mu-thaw
Doctrine: Divine Calling and Election
Rejected alternatives: ဖိတ်ခေါ်ခြင်း
[Inherited from Romans package.] Used at 1:15 (‘he who called you is holy’), 2:9 (‘called you out of darkness’), 5:10 (‘called you to his eternal glory’). Distinguish from a revocable invitation.
Calling
Approved rendering: ခေါ်တော်မူခြင်း
Transliteration: khaw-taw-mu-chin
Doctrine: Divine Calling and Election
Rejected alternatives: ကံဇာတာ
[Inherited from Romans package.] Never conflate with ကံဇာတာ (fixed karmic destiny), a common Burmese folk-religious frame for a person’s life path.
Chosen Race
Approved rendering: ရွေးကောက်ထားသောအမျိုး
Transliteration: ywaykauk-htar-thaw amyo
Doctrine: Church as a Holy and Royal Priesthood / Unity and Identity of God’s People
Original: γένος ἐκλεκτόν
Category: Church
Given Myanmar’s ethnic-majority/minority tensions around Buddhist-Burman identity, must be taught as a transnational, multiethnic identity in Christ, not an ethnic-priority claim (2:9).
Covenant
Approved rendering: ပဋိညာဉ်
Transliteration: padi-nyin
Doctrine: Christ’s Substitutionary Suffering
Rejected alternatives: သဘောတူညီချက်
[Inherited from Romans package.] Underlies the OT covenant-ratification background required to teach the ‘sprinkling of blood’ imagery in 1:2.
Domineering
Approved rendering: အုပ်စိုးဩဇာပြသခြင်း
Transliteration: oat-soe aw-za pya-tha-chin
Doctrine: Elders and Humility
Original: κατακυριεύω
Category: Church
Must not be softened; the precise vice elders are forbidden (5:3), carrying added weight given cultural expectations of hierarchical deference toward religious figures.
Elect
Approved rendering: ရွေးကောက်ထားသော
Transliteration: ywaykauk-htar-thaw
Doctrine: Divine Calling and Election
Rejected alternatives: ကံဇာတာ, ကံကြမ္မာ
Original: ἐκλεκτός
Category: Salvation
Adjectival form of the baseline election root, applied to believers as ‘elect exiles’ (1:1) and expanded into ‘chosen race’ (2:9).
Election
Approved rendering: ရွေးကောက်ခြင်း
Transliteration: ywaykauk-chin
Doctrine: Divine Calling and Election
Rejected alternatives: ကံဇာတာ, ကံကြမ္မာ
[Inherited from Romans package.] God’s sovereign personal choice, never ကံဇာတာ/ကံကြမ္မာ. Root for the ‘elect’ entry below.
Endure
Approved rendering: သည်းခံခြင်း
Transliteration: thenkhan-chin
Doctrine: Christlike Endurance
Rejected alternatives: ဥပေက္ခာ
Original: ὑπομένω
Category: Suffering
Never stoic equanimity or Buddhist upekkha (equanimous non-reaction cultivated to escape disturbance). Hope-filled perseverance trusting future vindication by a personal God (2:20).
Foreknowledge
Approved rendering: ဘုရားသခင်၏ ကြိုတင်သိမှတ်တော်မူခြင်း
Transliteration: Phayarthakhin i kyotin-thi-hmat-taw-mu-chin
Doctrine: Divine Calling and Election
Rejected alternatives: ဗေဒင်
Original: πρόγνωσις
Category: Salvation
Never confused with astrological prediction. God’s eternal purposive knowledge grounding believers’ election (1:2) and Christ’s redemptive role (1:20).
Glory
Approved rendering: ဘုန်းတော်
Transliteration: phon-taw
Doctrine: Deity and Lordship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: ဘုန်းကံ
Original: δόξα
Category: God
[Inherited from Romans package.] Never ဘုန်းကံ. 1 Peter extends this to Christ’s own glory (1:11,21), the future glory revealed to and through believers (1:7-8; 4:13-14; 5:1,4,10), and an elder’s crown (5:4). Every extended sense requires a note that believers receive, not generate or earn, this glory.
Holy Nation
Approved rendering: သန့်ရှင်းသောလူမျိုး
Transliteration: thangyin-thaw lu-myo
Doctrine: Church as a Holy and Royal Priesthood / Unity and Identity of God’s People
Original: ἔθνος ἅγιον
Category: Church
The transnational, multiethnic people of God — Karen, Kachin, Chin, Burman, and every people group equally (2:9) — never religious priority for the Buddhist-Burman majority.
Holy
Approved rendering: သန့်ရှင်းသော
Transliteration: thangyin-thaw
Doctrine: Sanctification / Holiness in Conduct
Rejected alternatives: စင်ကြယ်သော
[Inherited from Romans package.] Set apart and morally pure. Direct Leviticus quotation applied to the church at 1:15-16; extended to the corporate priestly identity at 2:5,9.
Humility
Approved rendering: စိတ်နှိမ့်ချမှု
Transliteration: seit hnimehcha-hmu
Doctrine: Elders and Humility
Rejected alternatives: ဦးညွှတ်ခြင်း (ritual prostration)
Original: ταπεινοφροσύνη / ταπεινόφρων
Category: Sanctification
Must be distinguished from ritualized self-effacement (bowing, prostration) performed as a merit-generating act toward the ordained. A relational disposition inviting God’s grace (3:8; 5:5-6).
Idolatry
Approved rendering: ရုပ်တုကိုးကွယ်ခြင်း
Transliteration: rupatu koekwe-chin
Doctrine: Holiness in Conduct
Original: εἰδωλολατρία
Category: Sin
Requires care given Myanmar’s extensive devotional use of images (4:3). Worship directed to false gods/created things, not a blanket condemnation of visual religious art.
Living Hope
Approved rendering: အသက်ရှင်သောမျှော်လင့်ခြင်း
Transliteration: athetshin-thaw hmyawlin-chin
Doctrine: Living Hope of the Resurrection
Original: ἐλπὶς ζῶσα
Category: Living Hope
Must not be read through တဏှာ (craving, the cause of dukkha which Buddhist practice extinguishes). A positive theological virtue anchored in the risen Christ (1:3).
Love
Approved rendering: ချစ်ခြင်းမေတ္တာ
Transliteration: chit-chin metta
Doctrine: Love and Christian Community
Original: ἀγάπη / ἀγαπάω
Category: Sanctification
Established Myanmar Christian compound borrows မေတ္တာ, a Buddhist brahmavihāra denoting impartial, meditation-cultivated loving-kindness toward all beings. Biblical ἀγάπη is relational, covenantal, self-giving love for a specific divine Person and the specific believing community (1:8,22; 4:8; 5:14). Retained per established cross-corpus usage but escalated for mandatory theologian review given frequency and centrality.
Mercy
Approved rendering: ကရုဏာတော်
Transliteration: karuna-taw
Doctrine: Grace / Living Hope of the Resurrection
Rejected alternatives: ကရုဏာ (as a self-cultivated brahmavihāra)
Original: ἔλεος
Category: Living Hope
Distinguish from ကရုဏာ (karuṇā), a cultivated Buddhist mental state generated by the practitioner. Biblical ἔλεος is God’s own disposition acted out toward the guilty (1:3; 2:10). Teach alongside grace at every occurrence.
Obedience Of Faith
Approved rendering: ယုံကြည်ခြင်း၏နာခံမှု
Transliteration: yunkyichin i nakhan-hmu
Doctrine: Obedience of Faith
Rejected alternatives: သီလလိုက်နာခြင်း
[Inherited from Romans package.] Obedience flowing from faith, not precept-keeping performed to build merit. Root for the standalone ‘obedience’ entries at 1:2,14,22.
Power Of God
Approved rendering: ဘုရားသခင်၏တန်ခိုးတော်
Transliteration: Phayarthakhin i tankhoe-taw
Doctrine: Living Hope of the Resurrection
Rejected alternatives: အနုဘော်တန်ခိုး
[Inherited from Romans package.] Never အနုဘော်တန်ခိုး (amulet/relic potency). God’s own personal power guards believers’ salvation (1:5).
Proclaim Herald
Approved rendering: ကြေညာဟောပြောခြင်း
Transliteration: kyay-nyar haw-pyaw-chin
Doctrine: Christ’s Proclamation to the Spirits
Original: κηρύσσω
Category: Christology
Distinct from εὐαγγελίζω (gospel-preaching); most plausibly a declaration of finished triumph (3:19), never a fresh evangelistic offer to the dead.
Providence
Approved rendering: ဘုရားသခင်၏ကြည့်ရှုစောင့်ရှောက်မှု
Transliteration: Phayarthakhin i kyi-shu-saung-shauk-hmu
Doctrine: Providence and a Faithful Creator
Rejected alternatives: ကံ
[Inherited from Romans package.] Never impersonal ကံ. Grounds 1 Peter 4:19’s ‘entrust their souls to a faithful Creator’ and 5:10’s ‘God of all grace will restore.‘
Sanctification
Approved rendering: သန့်ရှင်းခြင်း
Transliteration: thangyin-chin
Doctrine: Sanctification
Rejected alternatives: ရေချိုးသန့်စင်ခြင်း
[Inherited from Romans package.] Never ritual bathing. The Spirit’s ongoing work of making believers holy (1:2), not self-directed precept-keeping or meditation to purify one’s own mind.
Sanctify Christ As Lord
Approved rendering: ခရစ်တော်ကို သခင်အဖြစ် နှလုံးသား၌ သန့်ရှင်းစေခြင်း
Transliteration: Khayitto ko thakhin a-phyit hnalonesar twin thangyin-say-chin
Doctrine: Deity and Lordship of Christ
Original: Κύριον τὸν Χριστὸν ἁγιάσατε ἐν ταῖς καρδίαις
Category: Christology
Reuses the sanctification and lordship roots (3:15); Christ’s exclusive lordship must not be softened.
Sin
Approved rendering: အပြစ်
Transliteration: a-pyit
Doctrine: Universal Human Accountability
Rejected alternatives: အကုသိုလ်
Original: ἁμαρτία
Category: Sin
[Inherited from Romans package.] Never အကုသိုလ် (demerit). Borne by Christ in his own body (2:22,24) and to be renounced by believers (4:1,8).
Spirit Of Christ
Approved rendering: ခရစ်တော်၏ ဝိညာဉ်တော်
Transliteration: Khayitto i weinnyin-taw
Doctrine: Inspiration of Scripture and Fulfilled Prophecy
Original: Πνεῦμα Χριστοῦ
Category: Christology
Reinforces the Spirit’s identity as belonging fully to the pre-incarnate Christ (1:11), guarding against an impersonal ‘spirit-force’ reading.
Spiritual Sacrifices
Approved rendering: ဝိညာဉ်ဆိုင်ရာယဇ်ပူဇော်ခြင်း
Transliteration: weinnyin-saing-yar yaza-pu-zaw-chin
Doctrine: Church as a Holy and Royal Priesthood
Rejected alternatives: ကုသိုလ်ပူဇော်ခြင်း
Original: θυσία πνευματική
Category: Church
New Covenant worship (praise, obedience, good deeds, generosity) offered through Christ’s mediation (2:5), never merit deposited toward a future rebirth.
Sprinkling Of Blood
Approved rendering: အသွေးဖြန်းခြင်း
Transliteration: a-thway-hpyan-chin
Doctrine: Christ’s Substitutionary Suffering
Original: ῥαντισμὸς αἵματος Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ
Category: Christology
Requires explicit OT covenant-ratification background (Exodus 24; Leviticus). Not animistic blood-offering to nats (1:2).
Submit
Approved rendering: ကျိုးနွံခြင်း
Transliteration: kyonwan-chin
Doctrine: Submission to Authority
Original: ὑποτάσσω
Category: Household Code
One consistent term across all applications (civil authority 2:13; servants/masters 2:18; wives/husbands 3:1,5; Christ’s supremacy over powers 3:22; younger/elders 5:5). Voluntary, gospel-motivated; never coerced compliance, especially given Myanmar’s history of authoritarian rule.
Various Trials
Approved rendering: အမျိုးမျိုးသောစုံစမ်းခြင်း
Transliteration: a-myo-myo-thaw sohn-san-chin
Doctrine: Suffering for Righteousness’ Sake
Original: ποικίλοι πειρασμοί
Category: Suffering
Must not be read as karmic retribution for past wrongdoing. Purposive testing permitted by God that refines genuine faith (1:6).
Medium Risk Terms
Angels Authorities Powers
Approved rendering: ကောင်းကင်တမန်များ၊ အာဏာစက်များ၊ တန်ခိုးများ
Transliteration: kaunggin-tamanmyar, ah-nar-sat-myar, tankhoemyar
Doctrine: Christ’s Proclamation to the Spirits / Deity and Lordship of Christ
Original: ἄγγελοι, ἐξουσίαι, δυνάμεις
Category: Christology
Confirms Christ’s supreme, cosmic lordship over every spiritual power (3:22).
Antitype
Approved rendering: ပုံဆောင်ချက်
Transliteration: pon-htaung-chet
Doctrine: Baptism as a New Covenant Sign
Original: ἀντίτυπος
Category: Covenant
Reuses the established Myanmar typological-studies term; understood as prefigurement (3:21), not a mystical repeated pattern.
Apostle
Approved rendering: တမန်တော်
Transliteration: tamantaw
Doctrine: Apostleship
Rejected alternatives: ဆရာတော်, ဆရာကြီး
Original: ἀπόστολος
Category: Church
[Inherited from Romans package.] Never ဆရာတော်/ဆရာကြီး. Peter’s own commissioned authority to write the letter (1:1).
Appeal Pledge
Approved rendering: ကတိပြုချက်
Transliteration: kati-pyu-chet
Doctrine: Baptism as a New Covenant Sign
Original: ἐπερώτημα
Category: Church
Disputed lexical nuance (pledge vs. formal response, 3:21); flag for native speaker review.
Blessed
Approved rendering: မင်္ဂလာရှိသော
Transliteration: mingalar-shi-thaw
Doctrine: Suffering for Righteousness’ Sake
Original: μακάριος
Category: Suffering
မင်္ဂလာ carries auspicious-fortune/astrological connotations and echoes the Mangala Sutta’s practice-secured blessings list. Must be taught as God’s own approval resting on the sufferer (3:14; 4:14), not ritually/astrologically secured luck.
Brotherly Love
Approved rendering: ညီအစ်ကိုချစ်ခြင်း
Transliteration: nyi-a-ko chit-chin
Doctrine: Love and Christian Community
Original: φιλαδελφία
Category: Church
Sincere, unhypocritical mutual affection within the church family (1:22; 3:8), narrower than ἀγάπη.
Chief Shepherd
Approved rendering: အကြီးအကဲသိုးထိန်း
Transliteration: a-kyi-a-kae thoe-htein
Doctrine: Elders and Humility
Original: ἀρχιποίμην
Category: Christology
Christ over all under-shepherds, before whom elders are accountable (5:4).
Church
Approved rendering: အသင်းတော်
Transliteration: athin-taw
Doctrine: Church as a Holy and Royal Priesthood
Rejected alternatives: ဘုရားကျောင်း, ဘုရားရိပ်သာ
[Inherited from Romans package.] Never a pagoda/monastic compound. Though 1 Peter does not use ἐκκλησία directly, this term underlies the corporate identity built through the living-stone/priesthood imagery of 2:4-10 and is required for cross-document consistency in teaching materials.
Conduct
Approved rendering: ကျင့်ကြံပြုမူချက်
Transliteration: kyin-kyan pyumu-chet
Doctrine: Holiness in Conduct
Rejected alternatives: သီလ, ကုသိုလ်
Original: ἀναστροφή
Category: Sanctification
Recurring key term (1:15,18; 2:12; 3:1-2,16). Never merit-generating self-purification; fruit of new birth and gospel witness.
Cornerstone
Approved rendering: အထောင့်ချုပ်ကျောက်
Transliteration: a-htaung-choat kyauk
Doctrine: Church as a Holy and Royal Priesthood
Original: λίθος ἀκρογωνιαῖος
Category: Church
Christ as the foundation stone determining the whole spiritual building’s alignment (2:6-7).
Creator
Approved rendering: ဖန်ဆင်းရှင်
Transliteration: fahnsin-shin
Doctrine: Providence and a Faithful Creator
Original: κτίστης
Category: God
God as the faithful Creator to whom sufferers entrust their souls (4:19); personal, purposeful, actively trustworthy.
Defense Apologia
Approved rendering: ချေပချက်
Transliteration: chay-pa-chet
Doctrine: Suffering for Righteousness’ Sake
Original: ἀπολογία
Category: Faith
A reasoned defense for one’s hope (3:15). Frame as gentle, respectful witness given the real social/family cost of conversion from Buddhism.
Desire Lust
Approved rendering: တပ်မက်မှု
Transliteration: tat-met-hmu
Doctrine: Holiness in Conduct
Original: ἐπιθυμία
Category: Sin
Distinguish from တဏှာ (taṇhā), the metaphysical link in dependent origination. Here morally disordered desire opposed by holy living (1:14; 2:11; 4:2-3).
Elder
Approved rendering: အသင်းတော်လူကြီး
Transliteration: athin-taw lu-gyi
Doctrine: Elders and Humility
Original: πρεσβύτερος
Category: Church
Not primarily an age-based or monastic-ordination-rank status (5:1,5); qualification is being a witness of Christ’s sufferings and a sharer in future glory.
Faith
Approved rendering: ယုံကြည်ခြင်း
Transliteration: yun-kyi-chin
Doctrine: Faith
Rejected alternatives: သဒ္ဓါတရား
Original: πίστις
Category: Faith
[Inherited from Romans package.] Object of faith always Christ (1:8,21; 5:9), unseen yet loved and trusted, never generalized confidence comparable to သဒ္ဓါ.
Fellowship Participation
Approved rendering: ပါဝင်ဆက်ဆံသူ / ဝေစုခံသူ
Transliteration: pa-win-set-han-thu / way-su-khan-thu
Doctrine: Suffering for Righteousness’ Sake
Original: κοινωνέω / κοινωνός
Category: Church
Reuses the baseline fellowship root, intensified to active participation specifically in Christ’s own sufferings (4:13; 5:1).
Firm In Faith Resist
Approved rendering: ယုံကြည်ခြင်း၌ တည်ကြည်စွာ ခုခံခြင်း
Transliteration: yunkyichin thwae ti-kyi-swa khu-khan-chin
Doctrine: Spiritual Warfare and the Devil
Original: στερεός τῇ πίστει / ἀνθίστημι
Category: Faith
Active, faith-grounded resistance (5:9), not passive avoidance or ritual warding.
Freedom
Approved rendering: လွတ်လပ်ခြင်း
Transliteration: lwatlap-chin
Doctrine: Submission to Authority
Original: ἐλευθερία / ἐλεύθερος
Category: Household Code
Expressed through willing service to God, not license (2:16).
Gentiles
Approved rendering: တစ်ပါးအမျိုးသား
Transliteration: tabar-amyothar
Doctrine: Unity and Identity of God’s People
Rejected alternatives: လူမျိုးခြား
Original: ἔθνη
Category: Church
[Inherited from Romans package.] Non-believing neighboring peoples among whom believers live and are called to good conduct (2:12).
God Of All Grace Restore
Approved rendering: ကျေးဇူးတော်အားလုံး၏ ဘုရားသခင်…ပြန်လည်ပြင်ဆင်ပေး၍ တည်ကြည်ခွန်အားပေး အခြေခိုင်စေတော်မူမည်
Transliteration: kyayzu-taw a-lone i Phayarthakhin…pyan-lae pyin-shin-pay-yi ti-kyi khun-ar-pay a-chay-khaing-say-taw-mu-mhi
Doctrine: Grace / Providence and a Faithful Creator
Original: ὁ Θεὸς πάσης χάριτος… καταρτίσει, στηρίξει, σθενώσει, θεμελιώσει
Category: Salvation
Assurance rests on God’s own character and active intervention (5:10), not on impersonal karmic fortune ‘working out.‘
Guarded
Approved rendering: ကွယ်ကာစောင့်ရှောက်ခြင်း
Transliteration: kwaykar-saung-shauk-chin
Doctrine: Living Hope of the Resurrection / Power of God
Original: φρουρέω
Category: Living Hope
Must not collapse into amulet, tattoo, or paritta-chanting protection registers. God’s own personal power guards believers (1:5).
Hope
Approved rendering: မျှော်လင့်ခြင်း
Transliteration: hmyawlin-chin
Doctrine: Living Hope of the Resurrection
Original: ἐλπίς
Category: Living Hope
Standalone occurrences (1:13,21; 3:15) reuse the root of living_hope; carries the same anti-taṇhā clarification at lower intensity.
Imperishable
Approved rendering: မပျက်စီးနိုင်သော
Transliteration: ma-pyet-si-naing-thaw
Doctrine: Living Hope of the Resurrection
Original: ἄφθαρτος
Category: Living Hope
First member of the 1:4 imperishable/undefiled/unfading triad; also describes the ‘seed’ of the new birth (1:23). Keep the triad visibly distinct.
Inheritance
Approved rendering: အမွေ
Transliteration: a-mway
Doctrine: Living Hope of the Resurrection
Original: κληρονομία
Category: Living Hope
Secured entirely by God’s own preservation (1:4), not partible among heirs nor forfeitable through family dispute; also the shared ‘grace of life’ between husband and wife (3:7).
Intercession
Approved rendering: အသနားခံခြင်း
Transliteration: a-thanar-khan-chin
Doctrine: Prayer
Rejected alternatives: နတ်ကိုးကွယ်ခြင်း
[Inherited from Romans package.] Prayer addressed directly to God, not petitioning intermediary nats or ancestors, relevant to 1 Peter 3:7 and 4:7’s prayer teaching.
Judgment
Approved rendering: စစ်ကြောစီရင်ခြင်း
Transliteration: sit-kyaw si-yin-chin
Doctrine: Judgment and Final Accountability
Rejected alternatives: ကံ
Original: κρίμα / κρίνω
Category: Eschatology
God’s coming judgment beginning with his own household (4:17-18); distinguish from impersonal ကံ (karma).
Living And Abiding Word
Approved rendering: အသက်ရှင်၍ အမြဲတည်ရှိသော ဘုရားသခင့်နှုတ်ကပါဌ်တော်
Transliteration: athetshin-yi a-myae-ti-shi-thaw Phayarthakhin nhoat-kabat-taw
Doctrine: New Birth / Regeneration; Inspiration of Scripture
Original: λόγος ζῶν καὶ μένων Θεοῦ
Category: Covenant
The generative agent of the new birth (1:23), identified with the gospel preached (1:25); contrasted with perishable human ‘seed.‘
Living Stone
Approved rendering: အသက်ရှင်သောကျောက်
Transliteration: athetshin-thaw kyauk
Doctrine: Church as a Holy and Royal Priesthood
Original: λίθος ζῶν
Category: Church
Christ and, by extension, believers as living building-stones in God’s spiritual temple (2:4-5).
Master Household Servant
Approved rendering: အရှင် / အစေခံ
Transliteration: a-shin / a-say-khan
Doctrine: Submission to Authority
Original: δεσπότης / οἰκέτης
Category: Household Code
The paradigm case for enduring unjust treatment (2:18). Not an endorsement of slavery as an ideal institution; requires the same cultural-historical caution the baseline gives to Romans 13.
Obedience
Approved rendering: နာခံမှု
Transliteration: nakhan-hmu
Doctrine: Submission to Authority
Original: ὑπακοή
Category: Faith
Standalone occurrences (1:2,14,22) reuse the baseline obedience_of_faith root; retains the faith-flowing, not merit-earning, character.
Once For All
Approved rendering: တစ်ကြိမ်တည်း
Transliteration: ta-kyein-tae
Doctrine: Christ’s Substitutionary Suffering
Original: ἅπαξ
Category: Christology
Preserves the unrepeatable finality of Christ’s atoning suffering (3:18), contrary to any framework requiring repetition across time, including cyclical karmic cause-and-effect.
Overseer
Approved rendering: ကြီးကြပ်ကွပ်ကဲသူ
Transliteration: kyi-kyat-kwat-kae-thu
Doctrine: Elders and Humility
Original: ἐπίσκοπος / ἐπισκοπέω
Category: Church
Willing, non-coerced oversight (2:25; 5:2).
Patience Of God
Approved rendering: ရှည်ကြာစွာသည်းခံခြင်း
Transliteration: shay-kya-swa thenkhan-chin
Doctrine: Christ’s Proclamation to the Spirits
Original: μακροθυμία
Category: God
God’s own personal forbearance awaiting Noah’s generation (3:20), not an impersonal delay.
Peace
Approved rendering: ငြိမ်သက်ခြင်း
Transliteration: nyein-thet-chin
Doctrine: Peace with God
Rejected alternatives: ကိလေသာငြိမ်းခြင်း
Original: εἰρήνη
Category: Salvation
[Inherited from Romans package.] Never the meditative stilling of mental defilements. Invoked in the letter’s opening and closing greetings (1:2; 5:14).
Peoples For Possession
Approved rendering: ဘုရားသခင်ပိုင်ဆိုင်သောလူစု
Transliteration: Phayarthakhin paing-saing-thaw lu-su
Doctrine: Church as a Holy and Royal Priesthood
Original: λαὸς εἰς περιποίησιν
Category: Church
Emphasize God’s own initiative in possessing this people (2:9), not a status achieved by religious performance.
Proud
Approved rendering: ဂုဏ်ယူဝါကြွားသော
Transliteration: gunyu wagyway-thaw
Doctrine: Elders and Humility
Original: ὑπερήφανος
Category: Sin
Arrogant self-exaltation actively opposed by God (5:5); keep contrast with humility clear.
Servant Of God
Approved rendering: ဘုရားသခင်၏အစေခံ
Transliteration: Phayarthakhin i a-say-khan
Doctrine: Submission to Authority
Original: δοῦλος Θεοῦ
Category: Household Code
The ground of true freedom (2:16); submission and freedom held together in service to God.
Shepherd Flock
Approved rendering: သိုးထိန်းခြင်း / သိုးအုပ်
Transliteration: thoe-htein-chin / thoe-oat
Doctrine: Elders and Humility
Original: ποιμαίνω / ποίμνιον
Category: Church
Elders’ charge to shepherd God’s flock as under-shepherds of Christ (5:2); reuses the 2:25 root.
Shepherd Overseer Of Souls
Approved rendering: သိုးထိန်းနှင့် ကြီးကြပ်ကွပ်ကဲသူ
Transliteration: thoe-htein hnin kyi-kyat-kwat-kae-thu
Doctrine: Elders and Humility
Original: ποιμὴν καὶ ἐπίσκοπος τῶν ψυχῶν
Category: Church
Christ’s own titles (2:25), foundational for chapter 5’s elder/shepherd imagery.
Sober Minded
Approved rendering: သတိရှိစွာနေခြင်း / တူညီသောစိတ်သဘောထားနှင့် လက်နက်စွဲကိုင်ခြင်း
Transliteration: thati-shi-swa nay-chin / tu-nyi-thaw seit-thabaw-htar-nhin let-net-swat-kai-chin
Doctrine: Christlike Endurance
Original: νήφω / ὁπλίζομαι τῇ ἐννοί�ᾳ
Category: Sanctification
Recurring exhortation (1:13; 4:1,7; 5:8); keep the military ‘arming’ metaphor and sobriety metaphor consistent.
Sojourners Exiles
Approved rendering: ဧည့်သည်အာဂန္တု
Transliteration: e-thi-ah-gan-tu
Doctrine: Divine Calling and Election / Unity and Identity of God’s People
Original: παρεπίδημος / πάροικος
Category: Church
Must convey heaven as the believer’s true home (1:1; 2:11), not merely refugee or displaced status.
Spiritual Gifts
Approved rendering: ဝိညာဉ်ဆုကျေးဇူး
Transliteration: weinnyin su kyayzu
Doctrine: Spiritual Gifts and Stewardship
Rejected alternatives: တန်ခိုးဗလ
Original: χάρισμα
Category: Church
[Inherited from Romans package.] Never merit-earned or occult power (as attributed to weizza esoteric-adept practice). Believers steward these gifts as expressions of God’s varied grace (4:10).
Spiritual House
Approved rendering: ဝိညာဉ်ရေးဆိုင်ရာအိမ်တော်
Transliteration: weinnyin-yay-saing-yar eindaw
Doctrine: Church as a Holy and Royal Priesthood
Original: οἶκος πνευματικός
Category: Church
The corporate church, God’s own dwelling (2:5), not a physical building or monastery compound.
Steward
Approved rendering: ဘဏ္ဍာစိုး / အုပ်ထိန်းသူ
Transliteration: bandarsoe / oat-htein-thu
Doctrine: Spiritual Gifts and Stewardship
Original: οἰκονόμος
Category: Church
One entrusted to manage another’s resources on their behalf (4:10); gifts used for others’ benefit, not personally owned advantages.
Tested Genuineness
Approved rendering: စစ်ဆေးအတည်ပြုပြီးသောစစ်မှန်မှု
Transliteration: sit-say-a-ti-pyu-pyi-thaw sit-mhan-hmu
Doctrine: Suffering for Righteousness’ Sake
Original: δοκίμιον
Category: Suffering
Metallurgical refining metaphor (1:7). Trials prove, not produce, faith already present; do not flatten to a generic ‘testing’ that implies suffering manufactures spiritual credit.
Undefiled
Approved rendering: အညစ်အကြေးမရှိသော
Transliteration: a-nyit-a-kyay-ma-shi-thaw
Doctrine: Living Hope of the Resurrection
Original: ἀμίαντος
Category: Living Hope
Second member of the 1:4 triad. Moral/relational purity of the inheritance, not ritual-purity vocabulary.
Unfading
Approved rendering: မညှိုးနွမ်းနိုင်သော
Transliteration: ma-nyo-nwan-naing-thaw
Doctrine: Living Hope of the Resurrection / Elders and Humility
Original: ἀμάραντος
Category: Living Hope
Third member of the 1:4 triad; reused at 5:4 for the elders’ ‘unfading crown’ (ἀμαράντινος). Preserve the deliberate rhetorical echo across chapters.
Low Risk Terms
Anxiety
Approved rendering: စိုးရိမ်ပူပန်မှု
Transliteration: soyein-pupan-hmu
Doctrine: Elders and Humility
Original: μέριμνα
Category: Sanctification
Worry believers are to actively cast on God, who personally cares (5:7).
Christian
Approved rendering: ခရစ်ယာန်
Transliteration: Khayiyan
Doctrine: Suffering for Righteousness’ Sake
Original: Χριστιανός
Category: Church
Established, low-risk term (4:16); believers are not to be ashamed of this name.
Dominion
Approved rendering: အာဏာစက်
Transliteration: ah-nar-sat
Doctrine: Deity and Lordship of Christ
Original: κράτος
Category: God
Closing doxology (5:11); standard low-risk doxological vocabulary.
Exhort
Approved rendering: တိုက်တွန်းနှိုးဆော်ခြင်း
Transliteration: taik-tun hnoso-chin
Doctrine: Mutual Edification
[Inherited from Romans package.] Applicable to 1 Peter’s pastoral exhortations throughout the letter (e.g., 2:11; 5:1,12).
Fellowship
Approved rendering: မိတ်သဟာယ
Transliteration: meikthahaya
Doctrine: Christian Fellowship
Rejected alternatives: သူငယ်ချင်းဖွဲ့ခြင်း
[Inherited from Romans package.] Root reused and intensified in 1 Peter at 4:13/5:1 for active participation in Christ’s own sufferings (see fellowship_participation entry below).
Prophecy
Approved rendering: ပရောဖက်ပြုချက်
Transliteration: parawpeq-pyu-chet
Doctrine: Inspiration of Scripture and Fulfilled Prophecy
Rejected alternatives: ဗေဒင်စာတမ်း
[Inherited from Romans package.] Distinct from astrological forecasting.
Prophet
Approved rendering: ပရောဖက်
Transliteration: parawpeq
Doctrine: Inspiration of Scripture and Fulfilled Prophecy
Rejected alternatives: ဗေဒင်ဆရာ
[Inherited from Romans package.] Never ဗေဒင်ဆရာ. The OT prophets who searched out and predicted Christ’s sufferings and glories (1:10-12).
Referenced passages