Core Glossary
08 Core Glossary — 1 Timothy
English → Burmese | Per-Term Translation Risk Reference
This glossary extends the Romans baseline translation_memory.json. Section A lists baseline terms reused exactly as recorded (no modification permitted). Section B lists new terms required by 1 Timothy’s distinctive vocabulary, organized by the eight curriculum doctrines, proposed for addition to translation memory with assigned risk tiers consistent with the baseline’s Critical/High/Medium/Low framework.
Section A — Baseline Terms Reused Exactly in 1 Timothy
| Term | Burmese | Risk (baseline) | 1 Timothy Occurrences |
|---|---|---|---|
| gospel | သတင်းကောင်း | High | 1:11 |
| grace | ကျေးဇူးတော် | Critical | 1:2, 1:14, 6:21 |
| faith | ယုံကြည်ခြင်း | Medium | throughout (1:2,4,5,14,19; 2:7,15; 3:9,13; 4:1,6,12; 5:8,12; 6:10-12,21) |
| church | အသင်းတော် | Medium | 3:5,15; 5:16 |
| law | ပညတ်တရား | High | 1:7-9 |
| sin | အပြစ် | High | 1:9,15; 5:20,22,24; 6:10 (root-of-evils context) |
| holy | သန့်ရှင်းသော | High | (contrast term at 6:20, “profane”) |
| saints | သန့်ရှင်းသူများ | Medium | 5:10 |
| sanctification | သန့်ရှင်းခြင်း | High | 4:5 (concept) |
| thanksgiving | ကျေးဇူးတင်ခြင်း | Low | 2:1 |
| intercession | အသနားခံခြင်း | Medium | 2:1 |
| spiritual_gifts | ဝိညာဉ်ဆုကျေးဇူး | Medium | 4:14 |
| gentiles | တစ်ပါးအမျိုးသား | Medium | 3:16 |
| glory | ဘုန်းတော် | High | 1:11,17; 3:16 |
| prophecy | ပရောဖက်ပြုချက် | Low | 1:18, 4:14 |
| jesus | ယေရှု | Critical | throughout |
| god | ဘုရားသခင် | Critical | throughout |
| holy_spirit | သန့်ရှင်းသောဝိညာဉ်တော် | Critical | 4:1 (contrast anchor) |
| father | အဖ | Critical | 1:2 |
| lord | သခင် | Critical | 1:2,12,14; 6:3,14,15 |
| exhort | တိုက်တွန်းနှိုးဆော်ခြင်း | Low | 5:1; 6:2 |
| christ | ခရစ်တော် (established Myanmar Bible transliteration; not a separate translation_memory.json entry but fixed in 12_ai_translation_requirements.md) | Critical | throughout (“Christ Jesus”) |
Section B — New Terms Required by 1 Timothy
Doctrine 1: Sound Doctrine versus False Teaching
| Term | Original (Greek) | Burmese | Transliteration | Risk | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| sound doctrine | διδασκαλία ὑγιαίνουσα | ကျန်းမာသောသွန်သင်ချက် | kyanma-thaw thunthin-chet | High | Never render “doctrine/teaching” with တရား (collides with generic Buddhist Dhamma-teaching usage); use သွန်သင်ချက် consistently. |
| teach a different doctrine | ἑτεροδιδασκαλέω | မှားယွင်းစွာသွန်သင်ခြင်း | hmar-ywin-swa thunthin-chin | High | The letter’s foundational negative term; contrasts directly with sound doctrine above. |
| myth | μῦθος | ဒဏ္ဌာရီစကား | dantayi-zagar | Medium | Signals non-authoritative legendary narrative; useful contrast term. |
| depart from the faith | ἀφίστημι τῆς πίστεως | ယုံကြည်ခြင်းမှကျဆင်းခြင်း | yun-kyi-chin hma kya-sin-chin | High | Apostasy language; builds on baseline faith term. |
| deny the faith | ἀρνέομαι τὴν πίστιν | ယုံကြည်ခြင်းကိုငြင်းပယ်ခြင်း | yun-kyi-chin-ko nyin-pel-chin | High | Equates neglect of household duty with practical apostasy (5:8). |
| deceiving spirits | πνεύματα πλάνα | လှည့်ဖျားတတ်သောဝိညာဉ်များ | hlaint-pyar-tat-thaw weinnyin-myar | Critical | ဝိညာဉ် must always carry the “deceiving” modifier; never appears unqualified near the Holy Spirit term. |
| doctrines of demons | διδασκαλίαι δαιμονίων | နတ်ဆိုးတို့၏သွန်သင်ချက်များ | nat-hsoe-do i thunthin-chet-myar | Critical | Use နတ်ဆိုး (evil spirit), never bare နတ် (venerated folk-religion nat spirit). |
| falsely called knowledge (gnosis) | ψευδώνυμος γνῶσις | အမည်ခံဉာဏ်ပညာ | a-myi-khan nyan-pyinnya | Critical | ဉာဏ် is the precise Buddhist term for liberating meditative insight; mandatory translator note required distinguishing rejection of a specific false teaching from wisdom/knowledge generally. |
| profane babblings | βέβηλοι κενοφωνίαι | အနှစ်သာရမရှိသောမသန့်ရှင်းသောစကားများ | a-nhit-thayar-ma-shi-thaw ma-thangyin-thaw zagar-myar | Medium | Built on baseline holy/သန့်ရှင်းသော term family via negation. |
| conscience | συνείδησις | သိစိတ် | thi-seit | High | Distinguish from Buddhist သတိ (sati, mindfulness); this is moral accountability before God, not amoral present-awareness. |
Doctrine 2: Qualifications for Church Leadership (Elders and Deacons)
| Term | Original (Greek) | Burmese | Transliteration | Risk | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| overseer / bishop | ἐπίσκοπος | သင်းအုပ် | thin-oke | High | Functional shepherding office by character, never monastic-seniority rank. |
| office of overseer | ἐπισκοπή | သင်းအုပ်ရာထူး | thin-oke ya-htu | High | |
| deacon | διάκονος | သင်းထောက် | thin-htaunk | Medium | Honored service office, not a junior monastic-attendant role. |
| elder (church office) | πρεσβύτερος (office sense) | အသင်းတော်လူကြီး | athin-taw-luji | High | Distinguish from πρεσβύτερος (age sense, အသက်ကြီးသူ) and from Buddhist monastic seniority rank. |
| elder (older person) | πρεσβύτερος (age sense) | အသက်ကြီးသူ | a-thet-ji-thu | Low | Context-check required at every occurrence. |
| above reproach | ἀνεπίλημπτος / ἀνέγκλητος | အပြစ်တင်ခွင့်မရှိသော / အပြစ်တင်စရာမရှိသော | a-pyit-tin-khwin-ma-shi-thaw / a-pyit-tin-za-ya-ma-shi-thaw | Low | Two related Greek terms (3:2, 3:10); keep visually distinct in translation memory though near-synonymous in Burmese. |
| husband of one wife | μιᾶς γυναικὸς ἄνδρα | မယားတစ်ယောက်တည်းရှိသောလင် | myar-tit-yauk-thi-shi-thaw-lin | Medium | Render literally; do not resolve the polygamy/remarriage interpretive debate through word choice. |
| sober-minded | νηφάλιος | သတိရှိသော | thati-shi-thaw | Medium | Collision caution with Buddhist သတိ (sati); teach as ordinary watchfulness, not meditative attainment. |
| self-controlled | σώφρων | ထိန်းချုပ်နိုင်သော | htein-choke-nai-thaw | Low | |
| respectable/orderly | κόσμιος | အသေအချာနေထိုင်သော | a-thei-a-char-ne-htain-thaw | Low | |
| hospitable | φιλόξενος | ဧည့်ဝတ်ကျေပွန်သော | e-wutt-kyay-pwun-thaw | Low | |
| able to teach | διδακτικός | သင်ကြားနိုင်စွမ်းရှိသော | thinkya-nai-swan-shi-thaw | Medium | Ties leadership office directly to Sound Doctrine doctrine. |
| not a drunkard | πάροινος | အရက်သမားမဟုတ်သော | a-yet-thamar-ma-houk-thaw | Low | |
| not violent | πλήκτης (negated) | ရိုက်နှက်တတ်သောသဘောရှိသူမဟုတ် | yaik-nak-tat-thaw-thabaw-ma-houk | Low | |
| gentle | ἐπιεικής | နူးညံ့သိမ်မွေ့သော | nu-nyan-thein-mway-thaw | Low | |
| peaceable | ἄμαχος | ရန်ဒေါသကင်းသော | yan-dawtha-kin-thaw | Low | |
| not a lover of money | ἀφιλάργυρος | ငွေကိုမတပ်မက်သော | ngwe-ko-ma-tat-met-thaw | Medium | Cross-references Godliness/Contentment doctrine (6:10). |
| manage household well | καλῶς προϊστάμενον | ကောင်းစွာအုပ်ချုပ်ခြင်း | kaung-swa-oat-choke-chin | Low | Household management as proving ground for church oversight. |
| dignity | σεμνότης | ဂုဏ်သိက္ခာ | gun-thate-hka | Medium | Recurs at 2:2, 3:4, 3:11 — keep rendering identical at all occurrences. |
| newly planted / novice | νεόφυτος | ယုံကြည်သစ် | yun-kyi-thit | Low | |
| puffed up with conceit | τυφόομαι | ကိုယ်ကိုမြင့်မားစွာထင်ခြင်း | ko-ko-myint-mar-swa-tin-chin | Low | |
| good testimony | μαρτυρία καλή | ကောင်းသောသက်သေခံခြင်း | kaung-thaw-thet-thei-khan-chin | Low | |
| snare of the devil | παγὶς τοῦ διαβόλου | စာတန်၏ကျော့ကွင်း | Sartan-i-kyaw-kwin | High | See Satan/devil entry below. |
| double-tongued | δίλογος | စကားနှစ်လျှာသုံးသော | zagar-hnit-shar-thoun-thaw | Low | |
| greedy for [dishonest] gain | αἰσχροκερδής | ရှက်ဖွယ်စွာငွေရှာတတ်သော | shet-hpwe-swa-ngwe-shar-tat-thaw | Medium | |
| mystery of the faith | μυστήριον τῆς πίστεως | ယုံကြည်ခြင်း၏နက်နဲသောအရာတော် | yun-kyi-chin-i-nat-nè-thaw-a-yar-taw | Critical | See Mystery entry under Pillar-of-Truth doctrine. |
| tested / proved | δοκιμάζω | စစ်ဆေးခြင်း | sit-hkay-chin | Low-Medium | Office follows proven character, not seniority or patronage. |
| women (deacons’ wives / women deacons — deliberately ambiguous) | γυναῖκας | အမျိုးသမီးများ | a-myo-thami-myar | High | Render generically; do not resolve the deaconess debate. Mandatory theologian review. |
| slanderers (adjectival διάβολος) | διάβολος (adj.) | ကုန်းတိုက်သူများ | kone-taik-thu-myar | Medium | Wordplay with “devil” (v.6-7) is lost in Burmese; add translator note. |
| good standing/rank | βαθμὸς καλός | ကောင်းသောအဆင့်အတန်း | kaung-thaw-a-sin-a-tan | High | Never conflate with ကုသိုလ် (merit-earned cosmic standing). |
| boldness/confidence | παρρησία | ရဲရင့်သောယုံကြည်မှု | ye-yin-thaw-yunkyi-hmu | Medium | Distinct from, though related to, baseline’s Assurance of Salvation doctrine. |
| laying on of hands | ἐπίθεσις χειρῶν | လက်တင်ခြင်း | let-tin-chin | Medium | Commissioning/blessing act; not a magical or merit-transferring ritual. |
| council of elders / presbytery | πρεσβυτέριον | အသင်းတော်လူကြီးအစုအဝေး | athin-taw-luji-a-su-a-way | Medium |
Doctrine 3: Christ as the One Mediator
| Term | Original (Greek) | Burmese | Transliteration | Risk | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| mediator | μεσίτης | ကြားဝင်စေ့စပ်သူ | kyar-win-hsay-hsat-thu | Critical | Severe collision risk with nat-kadaw (spirit medium) practice; Christ is unique, sufficient, once-for-all — not a repeatable ritual/trance channel. |
| one God, one mediator | εἷς θεός, εἷς μεσίτης | တစ်ဆူတည်းသောဘုရားသခင်၊ တစ်ဦးတည်းသောကြားဝင်စေ့စပ်သူ | ta-hsu-tè-thaw-Phayarthakhin, ta-oo-tè-thaw-kyar-win-hsay-hsat-thu | Critical | Numeric exclusivity must be preserved in both halves of the phrase. |
| ransom | ἀντίλυτρον | ရွေးနှင်းငွေ | ywayhnin-ngwe | High | A costly, personal, substitutionary payment — not a magical exchange or amulet-style deliverance. |
| Savior | σωτήρ | ကယ်တင်ရှင် | kaetin-shin | Critical | Built on baseline’s ကယ်တင်ခြင်း; Christ personally accomplishes rescue, unlike the Buddha’s guide-only role toward self-attained liberation. |
| Savior of all people | σωτὴρ πάντων ἀνθρώπων | လူအားလုံး၏ကယ်တင်ရှင် | lu-a-loun-i-kaetin-shin | Critical | Preserve the qualifier “especially of those who believe” to avoid implying universal automatic salvation. |
| testimony | μαρτύριον | သက်သေခံချက် | thet-thei-khan-chet | Low |
Doctrine 4: Public Worship and Prayer
| Term | Original (Greek) | Burmese | Transliteration | Risk | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| prayer | προσευχή | ဆုတောင်းခြင်း | su-taung-chin | Low | Standard general prayer term. |
| supplication | δέησις | တောင်းလျှောက်ခြင်း | taung-hlyauk-chin | Low | Specific, felt-need petition. |
| authorities / those in high position | βασιλεῖς καὶ οἱ ἐν ὑπεροχῇ | ဘုရင်များနှင့်အာဏာပိုင်များ | bayin-myar-hnin-a-nar-pai-myar | Medium | Politically sensitive; native speaker review recommended (cf. Romans 13 caution). |
| adornment / modesty cluster | καταστολή, αἰδώς, σωφροσύνη | လျောက်ပတ်သောဝတ်စားဆင်ယင်မှု၊ အားနာမှု၊ ကိုယ်ကျင့်ချုပ်တည်းမှု | lyauk-pat-thaw-wutt-sar-hsin-yin-hmu, ar-nar-hmu, ko-kyin-choke-tè-hmu | Medium | Teach as modesty of heart, not ritual purity or mere fashion code. |
| exercise authority (domineer) | αὐθεντέω | အာဏာနိုင်ထက်စွာသုံးခြင်း | a-nar-nine-htet-swa-thoun-chin | Critical | Rare, contested word; render conservatively; mandatory theologian review. |
| quietness | ἡσυχία | တည်ငြိမ်မှု | ti-nyein-hmu | Medium | Avoid enabling a reading that enforces total silencing beyond the text’s intent. |
| deceived | ἐξαπατάω | လှည့်ဖျားခြင်း | hlaint-pyar-chin | Medium | Requires OT (Genesis 3) background teaching for low-OT-literacy readers. |
| childbearing | τεκνογονία | သားဖွားခြင်း | thar-hpwar-chin | High | Must never suggest works-salvation through childbirth; mandatory theologian review. |
Doctrine 5: The Church as Pillar of Truth
| Term | Original (Greek) | Burmese | Transliteration | Risk | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| household of God | οἶκος θεοῦ | ဘုရားသခင်၏အိမ်ထောင်စု | Phayarthakhin-i-ain-htaung-su | Medium | Familial warmth extending baseline “Church as God’s People.” |
| church of the living God | ἐκκλησία θεοῦ ζῶντος | အသက်ရှင်တော်မူသောဘုရားသခင်၏အသင်းတော် | a-thet-shin-taw-mu-thaw-Phayarthakhin-i-athin-taw | High | ”Living God” confronts impersonal cosmic-order framing. |
| pillar and foundation of the truth | στῦλος καὶ ἑδραίωμα τῆς ἀληθείας | သစ္စာတော်၏တိုင်နှင့်အခြေခံအုတ်မြစ် | thissa-taw-i-tain-hnin-a-chay-gan-oat-myit | Critical | Central statement for this doctrine; church visibly upholds God’s one revealed truth. |
| truth | ἀλήθεια | သစ္စာတော် | thissa-taw | High | Distinguish from the Buddhist Four Noble Truths (အရိယာသစ္စာ), self-realized through meditation; this is God’s historical, personal revelation received by faith. |
| mystery of godliness | τὸ τῆς εὐσεβείας μυστήριον | ဘုရားဝတ်ကြည်ညိုမှု၏နက်နဲသောအရာတော် | hpayarwut-kyi-nyo-hmu-i-nat-nè-thaw-a-yar-taw | Critical | Combines mystery + godliness Critical/High risk terms. |
| manifested in the flesh | ἐφανερώθη ἐν σαρκί | လူ့ဇာတိအဖြစ်ထင်ရှားစွာပြတော်မူခြင်း | lu-zarti-a-hpyit-htin-shar-swa-pya-taw-mu-chin | Critical | Same forbidden substitutions as baseline incarnation entry apply. |
| vindicated/justified in the Spirit | ἐδικαιώθη ἐν πνεύματι | ဝိညာဉ်တော်အားဖြင့်မှန်ကန်ကြောင်းသက်သေထူတော်မူခြင်း | weinnyin-taw-arr-hpyin-mankan-kyaung-thet-thei-htu-taw-mu-chin | High | Do NOT reuse baseline’s sinner-justification phrase; distinct referent (Christ’s own vindication). |
| seen by angels | ὤφθη ἀγγέλοις | ကောင်းကင်တမန်တော်တို့မြင်တွေ့ကြခြင်း | kaunggin-tamantaw-dotwe-myin-twe-kya-chin | Medium | Angel term must stay distinct from nat (folk spirit). |
| angel | ἄγγελος | ကောင်းကင်တမန်တော် | kaunggin-tamantaw | Medium | Created, obedient servant-messenger; never an object of propitiation, unlike nats. |
| received up in glory | ἀνελήμφθη ἐν δόξῃ | ဘုန်းတော်ဖြင့်ချီတော်မူခြင်း | phontaw-hpyin-chi-taw-mu-chin | Medium | Return to inherent glory, not an achieved apotheosis. |
| mystery of the faith | μυστήριον τῆς πίστεως | (see Leadership doctrine table above) | Critical | Cross-listed. |
Doctrine 6: Godliness and Contentment
| Term | Original (Greek) | Burmese | Transliteration | Risk | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| godliness | εὐσέβεια | ဘုရားဝတ်ကြည်ညိုမှု | hpayarwut-kyi-nyo-hmu | High | Avoid ဘုရားတရား (generic “religion,” default Buddhist); reject merit-based piety framing. Most-repeated positive term in the book — render identically at every occurrence (2:2; 3:16; 4:7,8; 6:3,5,6,11). |
| contentment | αὐτάρκεια | ရောင့်ရဲမှု | yaung-yeh-hmu | Medium | Distinguish from Buddhist non-attachment via extinguishing craving; this is grateful trust in God’s provision. |
| love of money | φιλαργυρία | ငွေကိုတပ်မက်မှု | ngwe-ko-tat-met-hmu | Medium | Cross-references ἀφιλάργυρος leadership qualification. |
| root of all evils | ῥίζα πάντων τῶν κακῶν | အပြစ်ဆိုးအားလုံး၏အမြစ် | a-pyit-so-a-loun-i-a-myit | High | NEVER use ဒုက္ခ (dukkha, Buddhist “suffering”); use အပြစ် (baseline sin term) for moral evil. |
| good confession | ἡ καλὴ ὁμολογία | ကောင်းသောဝန်ခံချက် | kaung-thaw-wunkhan-chet | High | Parallels baseline Romans 10:9 confession language; keep consistent confession vocabulary (ဝန်ခံခြင်း). |
| King of kings and Lord of lords | βασιλεὺς τῶν βασιλευόντων καὶ κύριος τῶν κυριευόντων | ဘုရင်တို့၏ဘုရင်၊ သခင်တို့၏သခင် | bayin-do-i-bayin, thakhin-do-i-thakhin | High | Must relativize, not legitimize, any earthly divine-kingship ideology (e.g., dhammaraja concept). |
| alone possessing immortality | μόνος ἔχων ἀθανασίαν | မသေနိုင်ခြင်းကိုတစ်ဆူတည်းပိုင်ဆိုင်တော်မူသော | ma-thei-nai-chin-ko-ta-hsu-tè-paing-hsaing-taw-mu-thaw | Critical | ”The deathless” is a classical Nibbana epithet; God’s immortality is uncreated and inherent, never attained through practice. |
| immortal / incorruptible | ἄφθαρτος | မဖျက်ဆီးနိုင်သော | ma-hpyet-si-nai-thaw | Medium | Distinct word/nuance from ἀθανασία (6:16); track separately in memory. |
| invisible | ἀόρατος | မျက်စိဖြင့်မမြင်ရသော | myet-si-hpyin-ma-myin-ya-thaw | Low-Medium | |
| only God | μόνος θεός | တစ်ဆူတည်းသောဘုရားသခင် | ta-hsu-tè-thaw-Phayarthakhin | Critical | Confronts plural devas/Brahmas/nats cosmology; strict exclusive monotheism. |
| good warfare | ἡ καλὴ στρατεία | ကောင်းသောစစ်တိုက်ခြင်း | kaung-thaw-sit-taik-chin | Medium | Requires teaching note: spiritual perseverance, not literal warfare (sensitive given Myanmar’s conflict history). |
| rich in good works | πλουτεῖν ἐν ἔργοις καλοῖς | ကောင်းမှုအကျင့်၌ချမ်းသာသော | kaung-hmu-a-kyin-twin-chan-thar-thaw | High | Never render “good works” with ကုသိုလ်. |
| bodily exercise | ἡ σωματικὴ γυμνασία | ကိုယ်ကာယလေ့ကျင့်ခြင်း | ko-kaya-lay-kyin-chin | Medium | Contrast with godliness-training must not be read as blanket condemnation of bodily discipline. |
| train toward godliness | γυμνάζω πρὸς εὐσέβειαν | ဘုရားဝတ်ကြည်ညိုမှုအတွက်လေ့ကျင့်ခြင်း | hpayarwut-kyi-nyo-hmu-a-twet-lay-kyin-chin | Medium | |
| hope in the living God | ἐλπίζομεν ἐπὶ θεῷ ζῶντι | အသက်ရှင်တော်မူသောဘုရားသခင်၌မျှော်လင့်ခြင်း | a-thet-shin-taw-mu-thaw-Phayarthakhin-twin-myaw-lin-chin | Medium | Hope ≠ sinful craving (tanha); confident expectation grounded in God’s character. |
| example / pattern | τύπος | စံနမူနာ | san-nah-mu-nah | Low |
Doctrine 7: Care for Widows and the Household of Faith
| Term | Original (Greek) | Burmese | Transliteration | Risk | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| widow | χήρα | မုဆိုးမ | mu-soe-ma | Low | |
| widows indeed | ταῖς ὄντως χήραις | စစ်မှန်သောမုဆိုးမ | sit-mhan-thaw-mu-soe-ma | Medium | Qualifying criteria must not read as excluding compassion. |
| household member | οἰκεῖος | အိမ်ထောင်စုဝင် | ain-htaung-su-win | Low-Medium | |
| deny the faith (household neglect) | ἀρνέομαι τὴν πίστιν | ယုံကြည်ခြင်းကိုငြင်းပယ်ခြင်း | yun-kyi-chin-ko-nyin-pel-chin | High | (See also Sound Doctrine section — same term.) |
| double honor | διπλῆ τιμή | နှစ်ဆသောဂုဏ်ပြုမှု | hnit-hsa-thaw-gun-pyu-hmu | Medium | Convey both respect and material support; not a merit-payment for religious service. |
Doctrine 8: Guarding the Deposit of Faith
| Term | Original (Greek) | Burmese | Transliteration | Risk | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| the deposit | ἡ παραθήκη | ပေးအပ်ထားသောအရာ | pay-at-htar-thaw-a-yar | High | A fixed, complete apostolic content entrusted for safekeeping — never a growing “merit account.” |
| guard the deposit | τὴν παραθήκην φύλαξον | ပေးအပ်ထားသောအရာကိုထိန်းသိမ်းလော့ | pay-at-htar-thaw-a-yar-ko-htein-thein-lo | High | Climactic charge of the letter (6:20). |
| Satan | Σατανᾶς | စာတန် | Sartan | Critical | NEVER substitute မာရ်နတ် (Mara, the Buddhist tempter-deity); Satan is the ongoing personal adversary, not a single defeated cosmological episode. |
| devil | διάβολος | စာတန် | Sartan | Critical | Same referent and same forbidden substitution as Satan above, whether used as proper name or descriptive title. |
| demons | δαιμόνια | နတ်ဆိုးများ | nat-hsoe-myar | Critical | Use နတ်ဆိုး (evil spirit); never bare နတ် (venerated folk-religion nat). |
Risk Summary for 1 Timothy New Terms
| Risk Tier | Count | Review Routing |
|---|---|---|
| Critical | 14 | Mandatory human theologian review, every occurrence |
| High | 20 | Mandatory human theologian review |
| Medium | 27 | Native speaker review recommended |
| Low | 21 | Automated review sufficient |
Note: All Critical and High risk new terms in this glossary must be added to translation_memory.json (version incremented) and cross-checked against bible_term_registry.json’s existing Critical-risk entries (God, Jesus, Holy Spirit, Salvation, Righteousness, Justification, Grace, Resurrection, Lord, Son of God, Incarnation, Messiah) before Phase 2 segment translation of 1 Timothy begins, per the Translation Memory Load and Enforcement Instructions in 12_ai_translation_requirements.md.
Critical Risk Terms
Alone Possessing Immortality
Approved rendering: မသေနိုင်ခြင်းကိုတစ်ဆူတည်းပိုင်ဆိုင်တော်မူသော
Transliteration: ma-thei-nai-chin-ko-ta-hsu-tè-paing-hsaing-taw-mu-thaw
Doctrine: The Immortality of God
Rejected alternatives: မသေခြင်းတရားရောက်ခြင်း
Original: μόνος ἔχων ἀθανασίαν
Category: God
6:16 (μόνος ἔχων ἀθανασίαν). ‘The deathless’ (Pali amata) is the classical Nibbana epithet; God’s immortality is uncreated and inherent, never an attainment reached through practice or meditation.
Condemnation Of The Devil
Approved rendering: စာတန်ခံရသောစီရင်ချက်
Transliteration: Sartan-khan-ya-thaw si-yin-chet
Doctrine: Spiritual Warfare against Satan and Demons
Rejected alternatives: မာရ်နတ်ခံရသောစီရင်ချက်
3:6 (κρίμα τοῦ διαβόλου). Pride-driven fall echoes the personal adversary’s own downfall; must not soften into an impersonal moral hazard.
Deceiving Spirits
Approved rendering: လှည့်ဖျားတတ်သောဝိညာဉ်များ
Transliteration: hlaint-pyar-tat-thaw weinnyin-myar
Doctrine: Spiritual Warfare against Satan and Demons
Original: πνεύματα πλάνα
Category: Spiritual Beings
4:1 (πνεύματα πλάνα). ဝိညာဉ် must ALWAYS carry the ‘deceiving’ modifier here so it is never confused with, or placed unqualified near, သန့်ရှင်းသောဝိညာဉ်တော် (Holy Spirit).
Demons
Approved rendering: နတ်ဆိုးများ
Transliteration: nat-hsoe-myar
Doctrine: Spiritual Warfare against Satan and Demons
Rejected alternatives: နတ်
Original: δαιμόνια
Category: Spiritual Beings
4:1 (δαιμόνια). Use နတ်ဆိုး (evil spirit), never bare နတ် (venerated folk-religion nat). Demons are identified as deceptive and opposed to God, never objects to be appeased.
Devil
Approved rendering: စာတန်
Transliteration: Sartan
Doctrine: Spiritual Warfare against Satan and Demons
Rejected alternatives: မာရ်နတ်
Original: διάβολος
Category: Spiritual Beings
3:6-7 (διάβολος, proper title). Same referent and same forbidden substitution as Satan; render consistently as စာတန် whether the underlying Greek is Σατανᾶς or διάβολος.
Doctrines Of Demons
Approved rendering: နတ်ဆိုးတို့၏သွန်သင်ချက်များ
Transliteration: nat-hsoe-do i thunthin-chet-myar
Doctrine: Spiritual Warfare against Satan and Demons
Original: διδασκαλίαι δαιμονίων
Category: Spiritual Beings
4:1 (διδασκαλίαι δαιμονίων). Use နတ်ဆိုး (evil spirit), never bare နတ် (venerated folk-religion nat, propitiated with offerings).
Exercise Authority Domineer
Approved rendering: အာဏာနိုင်ထက်စွာသုံးခြင်း
Transliteration: a-nar-nine-htet-swa-thoun-chin
Doctrine: Women’s Teaching Role and Exercise of Authority in Worship
Original: αὐθεντέω
Category: Worship and Prayer
2:12 (αὐθεντέω). Rare, contested Greek word; render conservatively/literally, do NOT resolve the exegetical debate through word choice. MANDATORY human theologian review.
Faith In Christ Jesus
Approved rendering: ခရစ်တော်ယေရှု၌ရှိသောယုံကြည်ခြင်း
Transliteration: Khayitto-Yayshu-twin-shi-thaw-yunkyichin
Doctrine: Qualifications for Deacons
Original: πίστις ἐν Χριστῷ Ἰησοῦ
Category: Faith
3:13 (πίστις ἐν Χριστῷ Ἰησοῦ). The object of faith must remain explicit; confirms Christ Jesus, not the office itself, as the ground of confidence.
Falsely Called Knowledge
Approved rendering: အမည်ခံဉာဏ်ပညာ
Transliteration: a-myi-khan nyan-pyinnya
Doctrine: Rejection of Falsely Named Knowledge (Gnosis)
Original: ψευδώνυμος γνῶσις
Category: Guarding the Faith
6:20 (ψευδώνυμος γνῶσις). ဉာဏ် is the precise Buddhist technical term for liberating meditative insight-wisdom. MANDATORY translator note at every occurrence: Paul rejects one specific proto-Gnostic teaching, not wisdom/insight generally.
Father
Approved rendering: အဖ
Transliteration: a-pha
Doctrine: Adoption into God’s Family
Rejected alternatives: ဗြဟ္မာ
Original: πατήρ
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. 1 Timothy 1:2 greeting. Never ဗြဟ္မာ (Brahma).
God
Approved rendering: ဘုရားသခင်
Transliteration: Phayarthakhin
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Rejected alternatives: ဘုရား, နတ်သခင်
Original: θεός
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. Occurs throughout, including the doxologies of 1:17 and 6:15-16. Never ဘုရား alone or နတ်သခင်.
Grace
Approved rendering: ကျေးဇူးတော်
Transliteration: kyayzu-taw
Doctrine: Grace
Rejected alternatives: ကုသိုလ်, ကံကောင်းခြင်း, ဝါသနာတော်
Original: χάρις
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. 1 Timothy 1:2,14; 6:21. Paul’s own commissioning despite being ‘the foremost of sinners’ (1:12-17) is this book’s clearest illustration of grace apart from merit.
Holy Spirit
Approved rendering: သန့်ရှင်းသောဝိညာဉ်တော်
Transliteration: thangyinthaw weinnyin-taw
Doctrine: Sanctification
Rejected alternatives: နတ်ဝိညာဉ်, ဝိညာဉ်
Original: πνεῦμα
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. Serves as the essential contrast-anchor against which 4:1’s ‘deceiving spirits’ (unqualified ဝိညာဉ်) must be sharply distinguished; never bare ဝိညာဉ် or နတ်ဝိညာဉ်.
Incarnation
Approved rendering: လူ့ဇာတိခံယူခြင်း
Transliteration: lu-zarti khan-yu-chin
Doctrine: Incarnation
Rejected alternatives: ဘုရားလောင်းအဖြစ်မွေးဖွားခြင်း, နတ်ဆင်းသက်ခြင်း
Inherited from Romans package (concept). Underlies 3:16’s ‘manifested in the flesh’ (ἐφανερώθη ἐν σαρκί, expressed with ‘manifest’ rather than ‘became’); same forbidden substitutions apply.
Jesus
Approved rendering: ယေရှု
Transliteration: Yayshu
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: ရှင်ယေရှု
Original: Ἰησοῦς
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package. Standard Myanmar Bible form; keep consistent, usually in the compound ‘Christ Jesus’ throughout 1 Timothy.
Manifested In Flesh
Approved rendering: လူ့ဇာတိအဖြစ်ထင်ရှားစွာပြတော်မူခြင်း
Transliteration: lu-zarti-a-hpyit-htin-shar-swa-pya-taw-mu-chin
Doctrine: The Mystery of Godliness (the Christ-Hymn)
Rejected alternatives: ဘုရားလောင်းအဖြစ်မွေးဖွားခြင်း, နတ်ဆင်းသက်ခြင်း
Original: ἐφανερώθη ἐν σαρκί
Category: Christology
3:16 (ἐφανερώθη ἐν σαρκί). Same forbidden substitutions as the baseline Incarnation entry apply.
Mediator
Approved rendering: ကြားဝင်စေ့စပ်သူ
Transliteration: kyar-win-hsay-hsat-thu
Doctrine: Christ as the One Mediator
Rejected alternatives: နတ်ကတော်ဆိုင်ရာဝေါဟာရ, ဗေဒင်ဆရာ
Original: μεσίτης
Category: Christology
2:5-6 (μεσίτης). Severe collision risk with nat-kadaw (spirit medium) practice. Christ is the unique, sufficient, once-for-all historical Mediator, never a repeatable trance/ritual channel.
Mystery Of Godliness
Approved rendering: ဘုရားဝတ်ကြည်ညိုမှု၏နက်နဲသောအရာတော်
Transliteration: hpayarwut-kyi-nyo-hmu-i-nat-nè-thaw-a-yar-taw
Doctrine: The Mystery of Godliness (the Christ-Hymn)
Rejected alternatives: လျှို့ဝှက်ချက်
Original: τὸ τῆς εὐσεβείας μυστήριον
Category: Revelation
3:16 (τὸ τῆς εὐσεβείας μυστήριον). Combines the Critical mystery term family with the High-risk godliness term; both underlying collision risks apply simultaneously.
Mystery Of The Faith
Approved rendering: ယုံကြည်ခြင်း၏နက်နဲသောအရာတော်
Transliteration: yun-kyi-chin-i-nat-nè-thaw-a-yar-taw
Doctrine: Qualifications for Deacons
Rejected alternatives: လျှို့ဝှက်ချက်
Original: μυστήριον τῆς πίστεως
Category: Guarding the Faith
3:9 (μυστήριον τῆς πίστεως). NEVER လျှို့ဝှက်ချက် (weizza-adept esoteric secret); this is a truth once hidden but now openly, fully revealed to all believers.
One God One Mediator
Approved rendering: တစ်ဆူတည်းသောဘုရားသခင်၊ တစ်ဦးတည်းသောကြားဝင်စေ့စပ်သူ
Transliteration: ta-hsu-tè-thaw-Phayarthakhin, ta-oo-tè-thaw-kyar-win-hsay-hsat-thu
Doctrine: Christ as the One Mediator
Original: εἷς θεός, εἷς μεσίτης
Category: Christology
2:5. Numeric exclusivity must be preserved in both halves of the phrase at every occurrence.
Only God
Approved rendering: တစ်ဆူတည်းသောဘုရားသခင်
Transliteration: ta-hsu-tè-thaw-Phayarthakhin
Doctrine: Strict Monotheism: The Only God
Original: μόνος θεός
Category: God
1:17; 2:5; 6:15-16 (μόνος θεός). Directly confronts Burmese Buddhist cosmology’s plural devas/Brahmas/nats hierarchy; strict, exclusive monotheism at every doxological occurrence.
Pillar And Foundation Of Truth
Approved rendering: သစ္စာတော်၏တိုင်နှင့်အခြေခံအုတ်မြစ်
Transliteration: thissa-taw-i-tain-hnin-a-chay-gan-oat-myit
Doctrine: The Church as Pillar of Truth
Original: στῦλος καὶ ἑδραίωμα τῆς ἀληθείας
Category: Church
3:15 (στῦλος καὶ ἑδραίωμα τῆς ἀληθείας). The church visibly displays and upholds God’s one revealed truth; must not be softened to imply merely one religious teaching repository among others.
Salvation
Approved rendering: ကယ်တင်ခြင်း
Transliteration: kaetin-chin
Doctrine: Salvation
Rejected alternatives: နိဗ္ဗာန်ရောက်ခြင်း, လွတ်မြောက်ခြင်း
Inherited from Romans package. Underlies 1 Timothy 2:15 (‘saved through childbearing’) and 4:16; NEVER နိဗ္ဗာန်ရောက်ခြင်း. Deliverance BY God THROUGH Christ, never self-attained.
Satan
Approved rendering: စာတန်
Transliteration: Sartan
Doctrine: Spiritual Warfare against Satan and Demons
Rejected alternatives: မာရ်နတ်
Original: Σατανᾶς
Category: Spiritual Beings
1:20 (Σατανᾶς). NEVER မာရ်နတ် (Mara, a defeated single-episode Buddhist cosmological figure). Satan is the ongoing personal adversary throughout redemptive history.
Savior Of All People
Approved rendering: လူအားလုံး၏ကယ်တင်ရှင်
Transliteration: lu-a-loun-i-kaetin-shin
Doctrine: God and Christ as Savior
Original: σωτὴρ πάντων ἀνθρώπων
Category: Salvation
4:10 (σωτὴρ πάντων ἀνθρώπων). Preserve the qualifier ‘especially of those who believe’ so universal potential is not confused with universal automatic salvation.
Savior
Approved rendering: ကယ်တင်ရှင်
Transliteration: kaetin-shin
Doctrine: God and Christ as Savior
Original: σωτήρ
Category: Salvation
1:1; 2:3; 4:10 (σωτήρ). Must not be confused with the Buddha’s guide-only role toward self-attained liberation; God/Christ personally, actively accomplish rescue.
High Risk Terms
Childbearing
Approved rendering: သားဖွားခြင်း
Transliteration: thar-hpwar-chin
Doctrine: Childbearing and the Salvation of Women (2:15)
Original: τεκνογονία
Category: Worship and Prayer
2:15 (τεκνογονία). MANDATORY human theologian review: must NEVER suggest works-salvation through childbirth, which would contradict the Critical-risk Salvation and Grace doctrines.
Church Of Living God
Approved rendering: အသက်ရှင်တော်မူသောဘုရားသခင်၏အသင်းတော်
Transliteration: a-thet-shin-taw-mu-thaw-Phayarthakhin-i-athin-taw
Doctrine: The Church as Pillar of Truth
Original: ἐκκλησία θεοῦ ζῶντος
Category: Church
3:15 (ἐκκλησία θεοῦ ζῶντος). ‘Living God’ confronts any conflation of God with an impersonal cosmic order or principle.
Clean Conscience
Approved rendering: စင်ကြယ်သောသိစိတ်
Transliteration: sinkyeh-thaw thi-seit
Doctrine: A Good Conscience Held Together with Faith
Original: καθαρὰ συνείδησις
Category: Sound Doctrine
3:9 (καθαρὰ συνείδησις). Inward moral integrity held together with the mystery of the faith.
Conscience
Approved rendering: သိစိတ်
Transliteration: thi-seit
Doctrine: A Good Conscience Held Together with Faith
Original: συνείδησις
Category: Sound Doctrine
1:5,19; 3:9; 4:2 (συνείδησις). Distinguish from Buddhist သတိ (sati, amoral present-moment mindfulness); this is a moral court within the person, accountable to a personal God.
Deny The Faith
Approved rendering: ယုံကြည်ခြင်းကိုငြင်းပယ်ခြင်း
Transliteration: yun-kyi-chin-ko-nyin-pel-chin
Doctrine: Care for Widows and the Household of Faith
Original: ἀρνέομαι τὴν πίστιν
Category: Family and Church Care
5:8 (ἀρνέομαι τὴν πίστιν). A startlingly strong claim equating household neglect with practical apostasy; must not be softened into mere social disapproval.
Depart From Faith
Approved rendering: ယုံကြည်ခြင်းမှကျဆင်းခြင်း
Transliteration: yun-kyi-chin hma kya-sin-chin
Doctrine: Sound Doctrine versus False Teaching
Original: ἀφίστημι τῆς πίστεως
Category: Sound Doctrine
4:1 (ἀφίστημι τῆς πίστεως). Predicted full apostasy ‘in later times,’ not a mere lapse in religious observance.
Elder Office
Approved rendering: အသင်းတော်လူကြီး
Transliteration: athin-taw-luji
Doctrine: Honor and Discipline of Elders
Original: πρεσβύτερος
Category: Church Leadership
5:17,19 (πρεσβύτερος, office sense). Distinguish from Buddhist monastic seniority (thera status); qualified by demonstrated character as in 3:1-7, not seniority alone. Context-check every occurrence against the age-sense entry below.
Eternal Life
Approved rendering: ထာဝရအသက်
Transliteration: htawara-a-thet
Doctrine: God and Christ as Savior
1:16 (ζωὴ αἰώνιος). Not an extension of samsara or a synonym for the Buddhist ‘deathless’ (amata); resurrection-secured, relational life with the personal God, received by grace, never self-attained.
Glory
Approved rendering: ဘုန်းတော်
Transliteration: phon-taw
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Rejected alternatives: ဘုန်းကံ
Original: δόξα
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. 1:11,17; 3:16 (‘taken up in glory’). Not ဘုန်းကံ (earned merit-power); God’s own inherent honor.
Godliness
Approved rendering: ဘုရားဝတ်ကြည်ညိုမှု
Transliteration: hpayarwut-kyi-nyo-hmu
Doctrine: Godliness and Contentment
Rejected alternatives: ဘုရားတရား
Original: εὐσέβεια
Category: Godliness
2:2; 3:16; 4:7,8; 6:3,5,6,11 (εὐσέβεια). NEVER ဘုရားတရား (generic ‘religion,’ defaults to Buddhism); never merit-earning piety framing. Most-repeated positive term in the book — render identically at every occurrence.
Good Confession
Approved rendering: ကောင်းသောဝန်ခံချက်
Transliteration: kaung-thaw-wunkhan-chet
Doctrine: The Good Confession of Faith
Original: ἡ καλὴ ὁμολογία
Category: Guarding the Faith
6:12-13 (ἡ καλὴ ὁμολογία). Keep consistent with the baseline’s fixed Romans 10:9 confession vocabulary (ယေရှုသည် သခင်ဖြစ်တော်မူ၏).
Good Standing Rank
Approved rendering: ကောင်းသောအဆင့်အတန်း
Transliteration: kaung-thaw-a-sin-a-tan
Doctrine: Qualifications for Deacons
Rejected alternatives: ကုသိုလ်
Original: βαθμὸς καλός
Category: Church Leadership
3:13 (βαθμὸς καλός). Never conflate with ကုသိုလ် (accumulated merit improving cosmic/karmic standing); relational/reputational fruit of grace, never a merit deposit.
Gospel
Approved rendering: သတင်းကောင်း
Transliteration: thadin kaung
Doctrine: Gospel
Rejected alternatives: ဓမ္မသတင်း, ကောင်းသောအကြောင်းအရာ
Original: εὐαγγέλιον
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. 1 Timothy 1:11: ‘the gospel of the glory of the blessed God’ entrusted to Paul. Must convey an authoritative announcement, not generic good news.
Guard The Deposit
Approved rendering: ပေးအပ်ထားသောအရာကိုထိန်းသိမ်းလော့
Transliteration: pay-at-htar-thaw-a-yar-ko-htein-thein-lo
Doctrine: Guarding the Deposit of Faith
Original: τὴν παραθήκην φύλαξον
Category: Guarding the Faith
6:20. The letter’s climactic charge: preservation of fixed content, never growth of a spiritual account.
Holy
Approved rendering: သန့်ရှင်းသော
Transliteration: thangyin-thaw
Doctrine: Sanctification
Rejected alternatives: စင်ကြယ်သော
Original: ἅγιος
Category: Sanctification
Inherited from Romans package. Functions as the positive term against which 6:20’s ‘profane’ (bebēlos) babblings are contrasted; keep consistent as the root of that negated construction.
King Of Kings Lord Of Lords
Approved rendering: ဘုရင်တို့၏ဘုရင်၊ သခင်တို့၏သခင်
Transliteration: bayin-do-i-bayin, thakhin-do-i-thakhin
Doctrine: The Good Confession of Faith
Original: ὁ βασιλεὺς τῶν βασιλευόντων καὶ κύριος τῶν κυριευόντων
Category: God
6:15. Must relativize, not legitimize, any earthly divine-kingship ideology (e.g., dhammaraja concept of righteous Buddhist kingship).
Law
Approved rendering: ပညတ်တရား
Transliteration: pyinnat tayar
Doctrine: Fulfillment of Prophecy
Rejected alternatives: ဝိနည်း
Original: νόμος
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package. 1 Timothy 1:7-9, misused by false teachers as material for speculative myths and genealogies. Keep distinct from ဝိနည်း (Buddhist monastic Vinaya).
Lord
Approved rendering: သခင်
Transliteration: thakhin
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: ဘုရင်, ဆရာသခင်
Original: κύριος
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package. Applied to Christ Jesus ‘our Lord’ (1:2,12,14) and climactically as ‘Lord of lords’ (6:15); exclusive supreme authority, not a respected teacher among many.
Mercy
Approved rendering: ကရုဏာတော်
Transliteration: karuna-taw
Doctrine: Apostolic Commissioning and Grace toward the Undeserving
1:2; 1:13,16 (ἔλεος). ကရုဏာ is also the precise Buddhist Brahmavihara term for meditator-cultivated compassion; the -တော် honorific helps distinguish it, but teaching must clarify biblical mercy is God’s sovereign, undeserved compassionate action toward guilty sinners, not a self-cultivated inner virtue-state.
Office Of Overseer
Approved rendering: သင်းအုပ်ရာထူး
Transliteration: thin-oke ya-htu
Doctrine: Qualifications for Overseers (Elders)
Original: ἐπισκοπή
Category: Church Leadership
3:1 (ἐπισκοπή). Shares the overseer entry’s risk profile; the office itself must not be framed as an honorific rank.
Overseer
Approved rendering: သင်းအုပ်
Transliteration: thin-oke
Doctrine: Qualifications for Overseers (Elders)
Rejected alternatives: ဆရာတော်, ဆရာကြီး
Original: ἐπίσκοπος
Category: Church Leadership
3:1-7 (ἐπίσκοπος). A functional shepherding office qualified by tested character, never a monastic-seniority rank granted by years-since-ordination (thera-status), never inherently more spiritually advanced than lay believers.
Ransom
Approved rendering: ရွေးနှင်းငွေ
Transliteration: ywayhnin-ngwe
Doctrine: Christ as the One Mediator
Original: ἀντίλυτρον
Category: Salvation
2:6 (ἀντίλυτρον). A costly, personal, substitutionary payment — Christ’s own life given in the sinner’s place — never a magical exchange or amulet’s protective power.
Rich In Good Works
Approved rendering: ကောင်းမှုအကျင့်၌ချမ်းသာသော
Transliteration: kaung-hmu-a-kyin-twin-chan-thar-thaw
Doctrine: Generosity: Rich in Good Works
Rejected alternatives: ကုသိုလ်
Original: πλουτεῖν ἐν ἔργοις καλοῖς
Category: Godliness
6:18 (πλουτεῖν ἐν ἔργοις καλοῖς). Never ကုသိုလ်; deeds flowing from grace already received, not merit-accumulation.
Root Of All Evils
Approved rendering: အပြစ်ဆိုးအားလုံး၏အမြစ်
Transliteration: a-pyit-so-a-loun-i-a-myit
Doctrine: Love of Money as the Root of Evils
Rejected alternatives: ဒုက္ခ
Original: ῥίζα πάντων τῶν κακῶν
Category: Godliness
6:10 (ῥίζα πάντων τῶν κακῶν). NEVER ဒုက္ခ (dukkha, the Buddhist First Noble Truth’s existential-suffering term); use အပြစ် — moral wrongdoing offending a personal God.
Sanctification
Approved rendering: သန့်ရှင်းခြင်း
Transliteration: thangyin-chin
Doctrine: Sanctification
Rejected alternatives: ရေချိုးသန့်စင်ခြင်း
Original: ἁγιασμός / ἁγιάζω
Category: Sanctification
Inherited from Romans package. Underlies 4:5’s teaching that food is ‘made holy’ (sanctified) through the word of God and prayer; distinguish from ritual food-purification/offering-blessing concepts.
Sin
Approved rendering: အပြစ်
Transliteration: a-pyit
Doctrine: Universal Human Accountability
Rejected alternatives: အကုသိုလ်
Original: ἁμαρτία
Category: Sin
Inherited from Romans package. Used of sinners generally (1:9,15), elders’ documented wrongdoing (5:20,22,24), and 6:10’s ‘root of all evils’ context. Never အကုသိုလ် (demerit) or ဒုက္ခ (dukkha).
Snare Of The Devil
Approved rendering: စာတန်၏ကျော့ကွင်း
Transliteration: Sartan-i-kyaw-kwin
Doctrine: Spiritual Warfare against Satan and Demons
Original: παγὶς τοῦ διαβόλου
Category: Spiritual Beings
3:7 (παγὶς τοῦ διαβόλου). The devil actively and personally sets traps exploiting a leader’s weaknesses, unlike impersonal karmic misfortune.
Sound Doctrine
Approved rendering: ကျန်းမာသောသွန်သင်ချက်
Transliteration: kyanma-thaw thunthin-chet
Doctrine: Sound Doctrine versus False Teaching
Rejected alternatives: ကျန်းမာသောတရား
Original: διδασκαλία ὑγιαίνουσα
Category: Sound Doctrine
1:10; 4:6; 6:3. Never render ‘doctrine/teaching’ with တရား (defaults to Buddhist Dhamma-teaching); use သွန်သင်ချက် consistently throughout.
Teach Different Doctrine
Approved rendering: မှားယွင်းစွာသွန်သင်ခြင်း
Transliteration: hmar-ywin-swa thunthin-chin
Doctrine: Sound Doctrine versus False Teaching
Original: ἑτεροδιδασκαλέω
Category: Sound Doctrine
1:3; 6:3 (ἑτεροδιδασκαλέω). Deviation from apostolic content, not a legitimate alternative religious path among many.
The Deposit
Approved rendering: ပေးအပ်ထားသောအရာ
Transliteration: pay-at-htar-thaw-a-yar
Doctrine: Guarding the Deposit of Faith
Rejected alternatives: ကုသိုလ်စု
Original: ἡ παραθήκη
Category: Guarding the Faith
6:20 (ἡ παραθήκη). Must not be read through the ကုသိုလ် ‘growing merit account’ metaphor; a fixed, complete apostolic content entrusted once, unchanging.
Truth
Approved rendering: သစ္စာတော်
Transliteration: thissa-taw
Doctrine: The Church as Pillar of Truth
Original: ἀλήθεια
Category: Revelation
3:15 (ἀλήθεια). Burmese သစ္စာ is also the term for the Buddhist Four Noble Truths (အရိယာသစ္စာ), self-realized through meditation; here, God’s own historical, personal revelation received by faith. Always retain the တော် honorific.
Vindicated In Spirit
Approved rendering: ဝိညာဉ်တော်အားဖြင့်မှန်ကန်ကြောင်းသက်သေထူတော်မူခြင်း
Transliteration: weinnyin-taw-arr-hpyin-mankan-kyaung-thet-thei-htu-taw-mu-chin
Doctrine: The Mystery of Godliness (the Christ-Hymn)
Rejected alternatives: ဖြောင့်မတ်ရာသို့ ရောက်ခြင်း
Original: ἐδικαιώθη ἐν πνεύματι
Category: Christology
3:16 (ἐδικαιώθη ἐν πνεύματι). CAUTION: do NOT reuse the baseline justification compound (sinner’s forensic acquittal) here — this is Christ’s own vindication, a distinct referent.
Women Deacons Wives
Approved rendering: အမျိုးသမီးများ
Transliteration: a-myo-thami-myar
Doctrine: Women’s Role in Church Leadership (3:11)
Rejected alternatives: ဒိုင်ကွန်သားမ, သင်းထောက်မ
Original: γυναῖκας
Category: Church Leadership
3:11 (γυναῖκας). Render literally and generically as ‘women,’ preserving the Greek’s genuine ambiguity (deacons’ wives vs. women deacons). MANDATORY human theologian review at every occurrence; do not resolve the debate through translation.
Medium Risk Terms
Able To Teach
Approved rendering: သင်ကြားနိုင်စွမ်းရှိသော
Transliteration: thinkya-nai-swan-shi-thaw
Doctrine: Qualifications for Overseers (Elders)
Original: διδακτικός
Category: Church Leadership
3:2 (διδακτικός). Ties leadership directly to the Sound Doctrine doctrine; not public-speaking skill alone but doctrinal soundness.
Abstain From Foods
Approved rendering: အစားအစာမှရှောင်ကြဉ်ခြင်း
Transliteration: a-sar-a-sar-hma-shaung-kyin-chin
Doctrine: Asceticism and False Teaching on Marriage and Food
Original: ἀπέχεσθαι βρωμάτων
Category: Sound Doctrine
4:3 (ἀπέχεσθαι βρωμάτων). Given visible Burmese Buddhist/folk dietary abstention practice, must clarify the text opposes obligatory abstention, not voluntary discipline.
Angel
Approved rendering: ကောင်းကင်တမန်တော်
Transliteration: kaunggin-tamantaw
Doctrine: The Mystery of Godliness (the Christ-Hymn)
Original: ἄγγελος
Category: Spiritual Beings
3:16 (ἄγγελος). Must stay distinct from နတ် (nat), the tutelary spirits propitiated with offerings; angels are created, obedient servant-messengers, never objects of worship.
Apostle
Approved rendering: တမန်တော်
Transliteration: tamantaw
Doctrine: Apostleship
Rejected alternatives: ဆရာတော်, ဆရာကြီး
Original: ἀπόστολος
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package. 1 Timothy 1:1, 2:7. Paul’s direct divine commission, not an earned seniority title analogous to a senior-monk honorific.
Asceticism Forbidding Marriage
Approved rendering: အိမ်ထောင်ပြုခြင်းကိုတားမြစ်ခြင်း
Transliteration: ain-htaung-pyu-chin-ko-tar-myit-chin
Doctrine: Asceticism and False Teaching on Marriage and Food
Original: κωλυόντων γαμεῖν
Category: Sound Doctrine
4:3 (κωλυόντων γαμεῖν). Given the prestige of celibate monastic life in Burmese Buddhism, must be clear Paul rejects mandatory prohibition, not marriage itself nor voluntary singleness.
Authorities High Position
Approved rendering: ဘုရင်များနှင့်အာဏာပိုင်များ
Transliteration: bayin-myar-hnin-a-nar-pai-myar
Doctrine: Public Worship and Prayer
Original: βασιλεῖς καὶ οἱ ἐν ὑπεροχῇ ὄντες
Category: Worship and Prayer
2:2 (βασιλεῖς καὶ οἱ ἐν ὑπεροχῇ). Politically sensitive given contemporary Myanmar governance; prayer for rulers’ benefit, not endorsement of any regime’s legitimacy.
Blasphemer
Approved rendering: ဘုရားကိုပုတ်ခတ်ပြောသူ
Transliteration: Phayar-ko-poke-khat-pyaw-thu
Doctrine: Apostolic Commissioning and Grace toward the Undeserving
1:13 (βλάσφημος). Paul’s former self-description, highlighting the magnitude of grace shown to him.
Bodily Exercise
Approved rendering: ကိုယ်ကာယလေ့ကျင့်ခြင်း
Transliteration: ko-kaya-lay-kyin-chin
Doctrine: Godliness and Contentment
Original: ἡ σωματικὴ γυμνασία
Category: Godliness
4:8 (ἡ σωματικὴ γυμνασία). Contrast with godliness-training must not read as blanket condemnation of all bodily discipline.
Boldness Confidence
Approved rendering: ရဲရင့်သောယုံကြည်မှု
Transliteration: ye-yin-thaw-yunkyi-hmu
Doctrine: Qualifications for Deacons
Original: παρρησία
Category: Church Leadership
3:13 (παρρησία). Related to, but distinct from, Assurance of Salvation; confidence grown through faithful service.
Church
Approved rendering: အသင်းတော်
Transliteration: athin-taw
Doctrine: Church as God’s People
Rejected alternatives: ဘုရားကျောင်း, ဘုရားရိပ်သာ
Original: ἐκκλησία
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package. 1 Timothy 3:5,15; 5:16. Never a building or monastic compound.
Contentment
Approved rendering: ရောင့်ရဲမှု
Transliteration: yaung-yeh-hmu
Doctrine: Godliness and Contentment
Original: αὐτάρκεια
Category: Godliness
6:6 (αὐτάρκεια). Distinguish from Buddhist non-attachment achieved by extinguishing craving (tanha); biblical contentment is grateful trust in God’s provision within ongoing desire, not its elimination.
Council Of Elders
Approved rendering: အသင်းတော်လူကြီးအစုအဝေး
Transliteration: athin-taw-luji-a-su-a-way
Doctrine: Ministerial Example and Spiritual Gifting
Original: πρεσβυτέριον
Category: Church Leadership
4:14 (πρεσβυτέριον). The corporate leadership body that commissioned Timothy.
Deacon
Approved rendering: သင်းထောက်
Transliteration: thin-htaunk
Doctrine: Qualifications for Deacons
Original: διάκονος
Category: Church Leadership
3:8-13 (διάκονος). A genuine, honored church office of service, not a junior monastic-attendant role or a merely secular helper position without spiritual qualification.
Deceived
Approved rendering: လှည့်ဖျားခြင်း
Transliteration: hlaint-pyar-chin
Doctrine: Childbearing and the Salvation of Women (2:15)
Original: ἐξαπατάω
Category: Worship and Prayer
2:14 (ἐξαπατάω). Requires OT (Genesis 3) background teaching for low-OT-literacy readers from a Buddhist background.
Dignity
Approved rendering: ဂုဏ်သိက္ခာ
Transliteration: gun-thate-hka
Doctrine: Household Management as the Proving Ground for Church Oversight
Original: σεμνότης
Category: Church Leadership
3:4; 2:2; 3:11 (σεμνότης). Recurs three times; keep rendering identical at every occurrence.
Double Honor
Approved rendering: နှစ်ဆသောဂုဏ်ပြုမှု
Transliteration: hnit-hsa-thaw-gun-pyu-hmu
Doctrine: Honor and Discipline of Elders
Original: διπλῆ τιμή
Category: Family and Church Care
5:17-18 (διπλῆ τιμή). Convey both respect AND material support; not a merit-payment for religious service comparable to lay dana given to monks for kutho.
Faith
Approved rendering: ယုံကြည်ခြင်း
Transliteration: yun-kyi-chin
Doctrine: Faith
Rejected alternatives: သဒ္ဓါတရား
Original: πίστις
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans package. Pervasive throughout 1 Timothy, both as personal trust in Christ and as a body of apostolic content (‘the faith,’ e.g. ‘depart from the faith,’ ‘deny the faith’); the latter usage must still trace back to trust in Christ as its ground.
Gentiles
Approved rendering: တစ်ပါးအမျိုးသား
Transliteration: tabar-amyothar
Doctrine: Unity of Jews and Gentiles
Rejected alternatives: လူမျိုးခြား
Original: ἔθνη
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package. 1 Timothy 3:16, recipients of the Christ-hymn’s proclamation.
Good Warfare
Approved rendering: ကောင်းသောစစ်တိုက်ခြင်း
Transliteration: kaung-thaw-sit-taik-chin
Doctrine: Sound Doctrine versus False Teaching
Original: ἡ καλὴ στρατεία
Category: Sound Doctrine
1:18 (ἡ καλὴ στρατεία). Given Myanmar’s lived experience of armed conflict, requires a teaching note: spiritual perseverance, not literal warfare.
Greedy For Dishonest Gain
Approved rendering: ရှက်ဖွယ်စွာငွေရှာတတ်သော
Transliteration: shet-hpwe-swa-ngwe-shar-tat-thaw
Doctrine: Qualifications for Deacons
Original: αἰσχροκερδής
Category: Church Leadership
3:8 (αἰσχροκερδής). Cross-references 6:10; financial integrity essential since deacons often handled church funds.
Hope In Living God
Approved rendering: အသက်ရှင်တော်မူသောဘုရားသခင်၌မျှော်လင့်ခြင်း
Transliteration: a-thet-shin-taw-mu-thaw-Phayarthakhin-twin-myaw-lin-chin
Doctrine: Godliness and Contentment
Original: ἐλπίζομεν ἐπὶ θεῷ ζῶντι
Category: Godliness
4:10 (ἐλπίζομεν ἐπὶ θεῷ ζῶντι). Hope ≠ tanha (craving); confident expectation grounded in God’s character and promises.
Household Of God
Approved rendering: ဘုရားသခင်၏အိမ်ထောင်စု
Transliteration: Phayarthakhin-i-ain-htaung-su
Doctrine: The Church as Pillar of Truth
Original: οἶκος θεοῦ
Category: Church
3:15 (οἶκος θεοῦ). Distinguish from a monastery-affiliated lay community organized around a resident sangha.
Husband Of One Wife
Approved rendering: မယားတစ်ယောက်တည်းရှိသောလင်
Transliteration: myar-tit-yauk-thi-shi-thaw-lin
Doctrine: Qualifications for Overseers (Elders)
Original: μιᾶς γυναικὸς ἄνδρα
Category: Church Leadership
3:2; 3:12 (μιᾶς γυναικὸς ἄνδρα). Render literally; do NOT resolve the monogamy vs. married-once vs. marital-fidelity interpretive debate through word choice. Culturally pointed given historic elite polygamy memory and contemporary informal second-family practice.
Immortal Incorruptible
Approved rendering: မဖျက်ဆီးနိုင်သော
Transliteration: ma-hpyet-si-nai-thaw
Doctrine: The Immortality of God
Original: ἄφθαρτος
Category: God
1:17 (ἄφθαρτος). Distinct word/nuance from ἀθανασία (6:16); track separately though thematically related.
Intercession
Approved rendering: အသနားခံခြင်း
Transliteration: a-thanar-khan-chin
Doctrine: Prayer and Intercession
Rejected alternatives: နတ်ကိုးကွယ်ခြင်း
Original: ἔντευξις
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans package. 1 Timothy 2:1, prayer made on behalf of others including rulers; distinguish from petitioning the 37 nats through a medium.
Invisible
Approved rendering: မျက်စိဖြင့်မမြင်ရသော
Transliteration: myet-si-hpyin-ma-myin-ya-thaw
Doctrine: Strict Monotheism: The Only God
Original: ἀόρατος
Category: God
1:17 (ἀόρατος). Part of the doxological string of divine attributes.
Laying On Of Hands
Approved rendering: လက်တင်ခြင်း
Transliteration: let-tin-chin
Doctrine: Ministerial Example and Spiritual Gifting
Original: ἐπίθεσις τῶν χειρῶν
Category: Church Leadership
4:14; 5:22 (ἐπίθεσις χειρῶν). A commissioning act of blessing/recognition, not a magical or merit-transferring ritual; not conflated with spirit-medium laying-on rituals.
Love Of Money
Approved rendering: ငွေကိုတပ်မက်မှု
Transliteration: ngwe-ko-tat-met-hmu
Doctrine: Love of Money as the Root of Evils
Original: φιλαργυρία
Category: Godliness
6:10 (φιλαργυρία). Cross-references ἀφιλάργυρος, the required negative overseer qualification (3:3).
Ministry Service
Approved rendering: အမှုတော်ဆောင်ခြင်း
Transliteration: a-hmu-taw-saung-chin
Doctrine: Apostolic Commissioning and Grace toward the Undeserving
1:12 (διακονία). Shares its root with διάκονος/‘deacon’ (3:8); keep the lexical family visibly connected in Burmese.
Modesty Cluster
Approved rendering: လျောက်ပတ်သောဝတ်စားဆင်ယင်မှု၊ အားနာမှု၊ ကိုယ်ကျင့်ချုပ်တည်းမှု
Transliteration: lyauk-pat-thaw-wutt-sar-hsin-yin-hmu, ar-nar-hmu, ko-kyin-choke-tè-hmu
Doctrine: Public Worship and Prayer
Original: καταστολή, αἰδώς, σωφροσύνη
Category: Worship and Prayer
2:9 (καταστολή, αἰδώς, σωφροσύνη). Modesty of heart, not ritual purity or a pagoda-visiting fashion code.
Myth
Approved rendering: ဒဏ္ဌာရီစကား
Transliteration: dantayi-zagar
Doctrine: Sound Doctrine versus False Teaching
Original: μῦθος
Category: Sound Doctrine
1:4; 4:7 (μῦθος). Signals legendary/folkloric, non-authoritative narrative; useful contrast term against sound doctrine.
Not Lover Of Money
Approved rendering: ငွေကိုမတပ်မက်သော
Transliteration: ngwe-ko-ma-tat-met-thaw
Doctrine: Love of Money as the Root of Evils
Original: ἀφιλάργυρος
Category: Church Leadership
3:3 (ἀφιλάργυρος). Cross-references 6:10; must not be softened to merely ‘not stingy’ — the concern is disordered craving for money.
Peace
Approved rendering: ငြိမ်သက်ခြင်း
Transliteration: nyein-thet-chin
Doctrine: Peace with God
Rejected alternatives: ကိလေသာငြိမ်းခြင်း
Inherited from Romans package. 1 Timothy 1:2 greeting.
Profane Babblings
Approved rendering: အနှစ်သာရမရှိသောမသန့်ရှင်းသောစကားများ
Transliteration: a-nhit-thayar-ma-shi-thaw ma-thangyin-thaw zagar-myar
Doctrine: Sound Doctrine versus False Teaching
Original: βέβηλοι κενοφωνίαι
Category: Sound Doctrine
6:20 (βέβηλοι κενοφωνίαι). Built on the ‘holy’ term family (သန့်ရှင်းသော) via negation; keep this link visible.
Quietness
Approved rendering: တည်ငြိမ်မှု
Transliteration: ti-nyein-hmu
Doctrine: Women’s Teaching Role and Exercise of Authority in Worship
Original: ἡσυχία
Category: Worship and Prayer
2:11-12 (ἡσυχία). Avoid a rendering that could be culturally weaponized to enforce total silencing beyond the text’s scope.
Received Up In Glory
Approved rendering: ဘုန်းတော်ဖြင့်ချီတော်မူခြင်း
Transliteration: phontaw-hpyin-chi-taw-mu-chin
Doctrine: The Mystery of Godliness (the Christ-Hymn)
Original: ἀνελήμφθη ἐν δόξῃ
Category: Christology
3:16 (ἀνελήμφθη ἐν δόξῃ). Return to glory already inherently his, not an achieved apotheosis (contrast weizza-status attainment narratives).
Saints
Approved rendering: သန့်ရှင်းသူများ
Transliteration: thangyin thu myar
Doctrine: Sainthood
Rejected alternatives: ရဟန္တာ, ရှင်ရဟန်း
Original: ἅγιοι
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package. 1 Timothy 5:10, of a widow’s reputation for having ‘washed the feet of the saints’; not ရဟန္တာ (arahant, ascetic elite).
Shipwrecked Faith
Approved rendering: သင်္ဘောပျက်ခြင်း
Transliteration: thinbaw-pyet-chin
Doctrine: A Good Conscience Held Together with Faith
Original: ναυαγέω (περὶ τὴν πίστιν)
Category: Sound Doctrine
1:19 (ναυαγέω περὶ τὴν πίστιν). Vivid image in a riverine/coastal culture; ensure the figurative (ruined faith) sense is clear.
Slanderers Adjectival
Approved rendering: ကုန်းတိုက်သူများ
Transliteration: kone-taik-thu-myar
Doctrine: Women’s Role in Church Leadership (3:11)
Original: διάβολος (adjectival)
Category: Church Leadership
3:11 (διάβολος, adjectival). The wordplay with ‘devil’ (vv.6-7) is unavoidably lost in Burmese; add a translator note flagging the lost link.
Sober Minded
Approved rendering: သတိရှိသော
Transliteration: thati-shi-thaw
Doctrine: Qualifications for Overseers (Elders)
Original: νηφάλιος
Category: Church Leadership
3:2; 3:11 (νηφάλιος). Collision risk with Buddhist သတိ (sati); teach as ordinary sober watchfulness, not a meditative attainment.
Spiritual Gifts
Approved rendering: ဝိညာဉ်ဆုကျေးဇူး
Transliteration: weinnyin su kyayzu
Doctrine: Spiritual Gifts
Rejected alternatives: တန်ခိုးဗလ
Original: χάρισμα
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package. 1 Timothy 4:14 (χάρισμα), given to Timothy through prophecy and the elders’ laying on of hands; not merit-earned or weizza-style occult power.
Train Toward Godliness
Approved rendering: ဘုရားဝတ်ကြည်ညိုမှုအတွက်လေ့ကျင့်ခြင်း
Transliteration: hpayarwut-kyi-nyo-hmu-a-twet-lay-kyin-chin
Doctrine: Godliness and Contentment
Original: γυμνάζω πρὸς εὐσέβειαν
Category: Godliness
4:7-8 (γυμνάζω πρὸς εὐσέβειαν). Positive spiritual discipline, distinct from the false asceticism just condemned.
Widows Indeed
Approved rendering: စစ်မှန်သောမုဆိုးမ
Transliteration: sit-mhan-thaw-mu-soe-ma
Doctrine: Care for Widows and the Household of Faith
Original: ταῖς ὄντως χήραις
Category: Family and Church Care
5:3,5,16 (ταῖς ὄντως χήραις). Qualifying criteria (age, family support, reputation) must not read as excluding compassion.
Low Risk Terms
Above Reproach
Approved rendering: အပြစ်တင်ခွင့်မရှိသော
Transliteration: a-pyit-tin-khwin-ma-shi-thaw
Doctrine: Qualifications for Overseers (Elders)
Original: ἀνεπίλημπτος / ἀνέγκλητος
Category: Church Leadership
3:2 (ἀνεπίλημπτος) and 3:10 (ἀνέγκλητος, near-synonym, rendered အပြစ်တင်စရာမရှိသော). No valid accusation stands against the person’s reputation.
Double Tongued
Approved rendering: စကားနှစ်လျှာသုံးသော
Transliteration: zagar-hnit-shar-thoun-thaw
Doctrine: Qualifications for Deacons
Original: δίλογος
Category: Church Leadership
3:8 (δίλογος). Integrity of speech required for a trusted servant-leader.
Elder Age Sense
Approved rendering: အသက်ကြီးသူ
Transliteration: a-thet-ji-thu
Doctrine: Honor and Discipline of Elders
Original: πρεσβύτερος
Category: Church Leadership
5:1-2 (πρεσβύτερος, age sense). An older person addressed with respect, not the technical office; check per-occurrence which sense is active.
Example Pattern
Approved rendering: စံနမူနာ
Transliteration: san-nah-mu-nah
Doctrine: Ministerial Example and Spiritual Gifting
Original: τύπος
Category: Church Leadership
4:12 (τύπος). Timothy’s youth answered by exemplary conduct, not status/seniority.
Exhort
Approved rendering: တိုက်တွန်းနှိုးဆော်ခြင်း
Transliteration: taik-tun hnoso-chin
Doctrine: Mutual Edification
Original: παρακαλέω
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans package. 1 Timothy 5:1; 6:2. Context-sensitive between entreaty and building-up encouragement.
Gentle
Approved rendering: နူးညံ့သိမ်မွေ့သော
Transliteration: nu-nyan-thein-mway-thaw
Doctrine: Qualifications for Overseers (Elders)
Original: ἐπιεικής
Category: Church Leadership
3:3 (ἐπιεικής). Christlike gentleness in exercising authority.
Good Testimony
Approved rendering: ကောင်းသောသက်သေခံခြင်း
Transliteration: kaung-thaw-thet-thei-khan-chin
Doctrine: Qualifications for Overseers (Elders)
Original: μαρτυρία καλή
Category: Church Leadership
3:7 (μαρτυρία καλή). Public credibility outside the church protects the gospel’s reputation.
Hospitable
Approved rendering: ဧည့်ဝတ်ကျေပွန်သော
Transliteration: e-wutt-kyay-pwun-thaw
Doctrine: Qualifications for Overseers (Elders)
Original: φιλόξενος
Category: Church Leadership
3:2 (φιλόξενος). Active fulfillment of a host’s duty.
Household Member
Approved rendering: အိမ်ထောင်စုဝင်
Transliteration: ain-htaung-su-win
Doctrine: Care for Widows and the Household of Faith
Original: οἰκεῖος
Category: Family and Church Care
5:8 (οἰκεῖος). Extended family/household members for whom provision is a religious duty.
Manage Household Well
Approved rendering: ကောင်းစွာအုပ်ချုပ်ခြင်း
Transliteration: kaung-swa-oat-choke-chin
Doctrine: Household Management as the Proving Ground for Church Oversight
Original: προΐστημι (καλῶς)
Category: Church Leadership
3:4-5,12 (προΐστημι καλῶς). Same verb governs household and (by analogy) church management (v.5); keep the semantic link visible.
Not A Drunkard
Approved rendering: အရက်သမားမဟုတ်သော
Transliteration: a-yet-thamar-ma-houk-thaw
Doctrine: Qualifications for Overseers (Elders)
Original: πάροινος
Category: Church Leadership
3:3 (πάροινος).
Not Violent
Approved rendering: ရိုက်နှက်တတ်သောသဘောရှိသူမဟုတ်
Transliteration: yaik-nak-tat-thaw-thabaw-ma-houk
Doctrine: Qualifications for Overseers (Elders)
Original: πλήκτης
Category: Church Leadership
3:3 (πλήκτης). A leader must not rule by force or intimidation.
Novice
Approved rendering: ယုံကြည်သစ်
Transliteration: yun-kyi-thit
Doctrine: Qualifications for Overseers (Elders)
Original: νεόφυτος
Category: Church Leadership
3:6 (νεόφυτος). Spiritual maturity, not enthusiasm alone, is required before oversight.
Peaceable
Approved rendering: ရန်ဒေါသကင်းသော
Transliteration: yan-dawtha-kin-thaw
Doctrine: Qualifications for Overseers (Elders)
Original: ἄμαχος
Category: Church Leadership
3:3 (ἄμαχος).
Prayer
Approved rendering: ဆုတောင်းခြင်း
Transliteration: su-taung-chin
Doctrine: Public Worship and Prayer
Original: προσευχή
Category: Worship and Prayer
2:1 (προσευχή). Standard, well-established Christian term; distinct from ကုသိုလ်ရှေးရေး (merit-dedication) and နတ်ကိုးကွယ်ခြင်း (nat worship).
Prophecy
Approved rendering: ပရောဖက်ပြုချက်
Transliteration: parawpeq-pyu-chet
Doctrine: Fulfillment of Prophecy
Rejected alternatives: ဗေဒင်စာတမ်း
Original: προφητεία
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package. Accompanied Timothy’s commissioning (1:18; 4:14); distinct from ဗေဒင် (astrological forecasting).
Puffed Up With Conceit
Approved rendering: ကိုယ်ကိုမြင့်မားစွာထင်ခြင်း
Transliteration: ko-ko-myint-mar-swa-tin-chin
Doctrine: Qualifications for Overseers (Elders)
Original: τυφόομαι
Category: Church Leadership
3:6 (τυφόομαι). Pride is the specific danger of premature promotion.
Respectable Orderly
Approved rendering: အသေအချာနေထိုင်သော
Transliteration: a-thei-a-char-ne-htain-thaw
Doctrine: Qualifications for Overseers (Elders)
Original: κόσμιος
Category: Church Leadership
3:2 (κόσμιος). Visible, consistent good order in daily conduct.
Self Controlled
Approved rendering: ထိန်းချုပ်နိုင်သော
Transliteration: htein-choke-nai-thaw
Doctrine: Qualifications for Overseers (Elders)
Original: σώφρων
Category: Church Leadership
3:2 (σώφρων). Spirit-flowing self-mastery for trustworthy service, distinct from self-effort toward personal liberation.
Supplication
Approved rendering: တောင်းလျှောက်ခြင်း
Transliteration: taung-hlyauk-chin
Doctrine: Public Worship and Prayer
Original: δέησις
Category: Worship and Prayer
2:1 (δέησις). A specific, felt-need petition addressed to God.
Tested Proved
Approved rendering: စစ်ဆေးခြင်း
Transliteration: sit-hkay-chin
Doctrine: Qualifications for Deacons
Original: δοκιμάζω
Category: Church Leadership
3:10 (δοκιμάζω). Office follows demonstrated character, not seniority, family lineage, or donation size.
Testimony
Approved rendering: သက်သေခံချက်
Transliteration: thet-thei-khan-chet
Doctrine: Christ as the One Mediator
Original: μαρτύριον
Category: Sound Doctrine
2:6 (μαρτύριον). The gospel proclamation as evidence of what God has done.
Thanksgiving
Approved rendering: ကျေးဇူးတင်ခြင်း
Transliteration: kyayzu-tin-chin
Doctrine: Thanksgiving
Original: εὐχαριστία
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans package. Part of the fourfold prayer list (2:1) and the pattern for receiving food with gratitude (4:3-4).
Widow
Approved rendering: မုဆိုးမ
Transliteration: mu-soe-ma
Doctrine: Care for Widows and the Household of Faith
Original: χήρα
Category: Family and Church Care
5:3-16 (χήρα). Well-understood, non-collision-prone term; care emphasis lies in doctrine, not lexical caution.
Referenced passages