Core Glossary
1 Timothy — Core Glossary (Hmong Language Package)
This glossary lists every load-bearing term surfaced in analysis/07_semantic_analysis.md, drawn from all six chapters of 1 Timothy. Terms marked “Inherited” reuse the exact Romans TM rendering (assets/translation_memory.json) character-for-character, per the baseline’s permanent-TM rule; no alternate gloss may be introduced for these. Terms marked “New — logged for TM-revision review” are proposed extensions surfaced in this book and require formal review before becoming permanent per 12_ai_translation_requirements.md §2.4 and §9.
Risk Tier Definitions (reused from baseline, unchanged)
- Critical: Doctrinally load-bearing term with a strong, specific collision with Hmong traditional religion that could invert or neutralize the doctrine if unaddressed.
- High: Real potential for confusion with a specific traditional-religious concept/practice; manageable with a documented disambiguating strategy.
- Medium: Partial semantic mismatch, register gap, or comprehension gap with no direct collision with a competing religious system.
- Low: Already-stable, safe rendering with minimal ambiguity.
A. Terms Inherited Verbatim from the Romans TM (reused in 1 Timothy)
| # | English Term | Hmong Rendering (TM-fixed) | Risk Level | Doctrine(s) in 1 Timothy | Chapters | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | God | Vajtswv | Low | All | 1-6 | Inherited |
| 2 | Lord | tus Tswv | Low | Christ as Mediator; Public Worship | 1, 6 | Inherited |
| 3 | Jesus Christ / Christ Jesus | Yexus Khetos / Khetos Yexus | Low | All | 1-6 | Inherited |
| 4 | Holy Spirit | Vaj Ntsuj Plig | Critical | Church as Pillar of Truth (3:16) | 3 | Inherited |
| 5 | Son of God (christological background) | Leej Tub ntawm Vajtswv | Low | Christ as Mediator | — (background) | Inherited |
| 6 | Gospel | Txoj Moo Zoo | Low | Sound Doctrine | 1 | Inherited |
| 7 | Apostle | tus Tub Txib | Medium | Guarding the Deposit | 1, 2 | Inherited |
| 8 | Servant/Slave (doulos, literal institutional sense) | qhev | High | Christian household order | 6 | Inherited |
| 9 | Deacon/Servant (church office) | tus pab tu pawg ntseeg | Medium | Qualifications for Church Leadership | 3 | Inherited |
| 10 | Grace | txiaj ntsim | Critical | Sound Doctrine; Godliness/Contentment | 1, 6 | Inherited |
| 11 | Peace | kev thaj yeeb | Low | Public Worship and Prayer | 1, 2 | Inherited |
| 12 | Faith/Believe | kev ntseeg / ntseeg | Medium | Sound Doctrine; Guarding the Deposit | 1-6 | Inherited |
| 13 | Law (Mosaic/Divine) | Txoj Kevcai (ntawm Vajtswv / Mauxes) | Critical | The Law’s lawful use (1:8-9) | 1 | Inherited |
| 14 | Conscience | tej kev paub zoo paub phem hauv lub siab | Medium | Sound Doctrine; Qualifications | 1, 3, 4 | Inherited |
| 15 | Sin (act and condition) | txhaum / kev txhaum | High | Grace and Salvation | 1 | Inherited |
| 16 | Salvation/Save | kev cawm dim / cawm | High | Christ as Mediator; Godliness | 1, 2, 4 | Inherited |
| 17 | Sanctification | kev raug ua kom dawb huv | High | Public Worship; Christian conduct | 2, 4 | Inherited |
| 18 | Eternal life | txoj sia nyob mus ib txhis | Low | Guarding the Deposit; Godliness | 1, 6 | Inherited |
| 19 | Glory | lub yeeb koob | Low | Church as Pillar of Truth (Christ-hymn) | 1, 3 | Inherited |
| 20 | Mystery | zaj lus zais cia | Low-Medium | Church as Pillar of Truth; Godliness | 3 | Inherited |
| 21 | Power | hwjchim (mandatory: Vajtswv hwjchim) | High | Doxology (6:15-16) | 6 | Inherited |
| 22 | Governing authority | cov muaj hwjchim kav teb chaws | High | Public Worship and Prayer | 2 | Inherited |
| 23 | Flesh (neutral) | lub cev nqaij tawv | Critical | Church as Pillar of Truth (Christ-hymn) | 3 | Inherited |
| 24 | Justify/Reckon as righteous | ua kom ncaj ncees / raug suav tias ncaj ncees | Critical | Church as Pillar of Truth (Christ-hymn) | 3 | Inherited |
| 25 | Righteousness | Vajtswv txoj kev ncaj ncees / tus ncaj ncees | Critical | Godliness and Contentment (6:11) | 6 | Inherited |
| 26 | Love | kev hlub | Low | Sound Doctrine; Godliness | 1, 4, 6 | Inherited |
| 27 | Hope | kev cia siab | Low | Sound Doctrine (1:1); Godliness (6:17) | 1, 6 | Inherited |
| 28 | Endurance | kev ua siab ntev | Low | Godliness and Contentment | 6 | Inherited |
| 29 | Redemption | kev txhiv | Medium | Christ as the One Mediator (2:6) | 2 | Inherited |
| 30 | World | lub ntiajteb | Low | Sound Doctrine; Church as Pillar of Truth | 1, 3, 6 | Inherited |
| 31 | Nations/Gentiles | lwm Haiv Neeg | Low | Church as Pillar of Truth (Christ-hymn) | 3 | Inherited |
| 32 | Witness | tus timkhawv | Low | Christ as Mediator; Qualifications; Care for Widows | 2, 3, 5 | Inherited |
| 33 | Thanksgiving | ua tsaug | Low | Public Worship and Prayer | 2, 4 | Inherited |
| 34 | Scripture | Vaj Lug Kub | Low | Care for Widows (5:18) | 5 | Inherited |
| 35 | Boasting (root of “puffed up”) | kev khav theeb | Low | Qualifications for Church Leadership | 3, 6 | Inherited |
| 36 | Original Sin / Adam-typology | Adas / kev ua txhaum (ntawm Adas) | High | Public Worship (2:13-14) | 2 | Inherited |
| 37 | In Christ (union formula) | nyob hauv Khetos | High | Qualifications for Church Leadership (3:13) | 3 | Inherited |
| 38 | Ashamed / shame (root) | txaj muag | Low | Public Worship (women’s adornment, 2:9) | 2 | Inherited |
| 39 | Creation | tej uas raug tsim los | Low | Godliness and Contentment (4:4) | 4 | Inherited |
| 40 | Spiritual gift | ib yam khoom plig ntawm Vaj Ntsuj Plig | Medium | Qualifications for Church Leadership (4:14) | 4 | Inherited |
B. New Terms Surfaced in 1 Timothy (logged for TM-revision review)
| # | Category | English Term | Greek / Transliteration | Hmong Rendering (Proposed) | Risk Level | Doctrine(s) | Chapters | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 41 | Ecclesial Office | Overseer/Bishop | ἐπίσκοπος / episkopos | tus saib xyuas pawg ntseeg | Medium-High | Qualifications for Church Leadership | 3 | New office term; must be distinguished from secular clan/political headship (tus kav zos) and from shamanic power roles. |
| 42 | Ecclesial Office | Elder (church office) | πρεσβύτερος / presbyteros | tus txwj laus hauv pawg ntseeg (mandatory qualifier “hauv pawg ntseeg” never dropped) | High | Qualifications for Church Leadership | 5 | Direct collision with the customary Hmong clan-elder (txwj laus) role rooted in ancestral-ritual authority; qualifier is structurally mandatory, parallel to hwjchim→Vajtswv hwjchim. |
| 43 | Ecclesial Office | Council/body of elders | πρεσβυτέριον / presbyterion | pawg txwj laus | High | Qualifications; Guarding the Deposit | 4 | Built on the High-risk elder entry (#42); inherits its collision profile. |
| 44 | Ecclesial Office | Marital qualification: husband of one wife | μιᾶς γυναικὸς ἀνήρ / mias gynaikos andra | tus muaj tib tug pojniam xwb | CRITICAL | Qualifications for Church Leadership | 3 | Direct collision with historic/ongoing Hmong polygamy practice; requires mandatory pastoral teaching note distinct from any lexical fix. |
| 45 | Christology | One Mediator | εἷς μεσίτης / heis mesitēs | tib leeg tus nruab nrab (ntawm Vajtswv thiab tibneeg) — mandatory qualifier, never bare | CRITICAL | Christ as the One Mediator | 2 | Direct collision with shamanic (txiv neeb) spirit-mediation role; single highest-priority new forbidden-substitution candidate in this book. |
| 46 | Soteriology | Ransom for all | ἀντίλυτρον / antilytron | nqi txhiv (rau sawvdaws) | Medium | Christ as the One Mediator | 2 | Extension of inherited redemption (#29) to universal scope. |
| 47 | Christian Living | Godliness | εὐσέβεια / eusebeia | kev ua neej hwm Vajtswv | High | Godliness and Contentment; Church as Pillar of Truth | 2, 3, 4, 6 | Collides with the ancestor/spirit-honoring verb hwm; mandatory teaching note required at first occurrence; treat with same seriousness as pehawm. |
| 48 | Christian Living | Contentment | αὐτάρκεια / autarkeia | kev txaus siab rau tej uas muaj | Low-Medium | Godliness and Contentment | 6 | Distinguish from fatalistic resignation adjacent to hmoov. |
| 49 | Sound Doctrine | Teaching a different doctrine | ἑτεροδιδασκαλεῖν / heterodidaskalein | qhia lwm yam lus tsis yog tseeb | Medium | Sound Doctrine vs. False Teaching | 1, 6 | Core negative term of the book; must render identically at both occurrences. |
| 50 | Sound Doctrine | Sound doctrine | ὑγιαινούσῃ διδασκαλίᾳ / hygiainousē didaskalia | tej lus qhia uas raug thiab pub txoj sia zoo | Medium | Sound Doctrine vs. False Teaching | 1, 4, 6 | Core positive counterpart to #49; render identically at all occurrences. |
| 51 | False Teaching | Myths | μῦθοι / mythoi | tej zaj dab neeg | High | Sound Doctrine vs. False Teaching | 1 | Contains dab morpheme; teaching note required distinguishing condemned speculative fables from ordinary Hmong oral tradition/storytelling. |
| 52 | False Teaching | Endless genealogies | γενεαλογίαι ἀπέραντοι / genealogiai aperantoi | keeb kwm xeem thiab tsev neeg uas hais tsis tas | High | Sound Doctrine vs. False Teaching | 1 | Risk of being heard as condemning Hmong clan-genealogy (xeem) practice itself; requires explicit scope-limiting teaching note. |
| 53 | False Teaching | Deceiving spirits | πνεύματα πλάνα / pneumata plana | cov dab uas dag ntxias tibneeg | High | Sound Doctrine vs. False Teaching | 4 | Must use dab, never ntsuj plig or Vaj Ntsuj Plig. |
| 54 | False Teaching | Doctrines of demons | διδασκαλίαι δαιμονίων / didaskaliai daimoniōn | tej lus qhia los ntawm dab | High | Sound Doctrine vs. False Teaching | 4 | Same collision profile as #53. |
| 55 | Church Order | Household of God | οἶκος θεοῦ / oikos theou | tsev neeg ntawm Vajtswv | Medium | Church as Pillar of Truth | 3 | Positive bridge to Hmong clan-household concept; needs headship-clarification note. |
| 56 | Church Order | Pillar and foundation of the truth | στῦλος καὶ ἑδραίωμα τῆς ἀληθείας / stylos kai hedraiōma tēs alētheias | ncej thiab lub hauv paus ntawm qhov tseeb | High | Church as Pillar of Truth | 3 | Collision with the sacred Hmong household house-post (ncej tas) concept; mandatory teaching note distinguishing metaphorical/structural sense from ritual-object association. |
| 57 | Christology | Mystery of godliness | τὸ τῆς εὐσεβείας μυστήριον / to tēs eusebeias mystērion | zaj lus zais cia ntawm kev ua neej hwm Vajtswv | High | Church as Pillar of Truth; Godliness | 3 | Inherits #47’s eusebeia risk. |
| 58 | Christology (hymn) | Vindicated/justified in the Spirit | ἐδικαιώθη ἐν πνεύματι / edikaiōthē en pneumati | tau raug suav tias ncaj ncees los ntawm Vaj Ntsuj Plig | Critical | Church as Pillar of Truth | 3 | Combines two inherited Critical entries (#24, #4); mandatory qualifiers on both. |
| 59 | Christology (hymn) | Seen by angels | ὤφθη ἀγγέλοις / ōphthē angelois | cov timtswv saum ntuj tau pom nws | Low | Church as Pillar of Truth | 3 | New “angel” term; established Hmong Christian usage, no animistic-collision referent. |
| 60 | Church Order | Laying on of hands | ἐπίθεσις [τῶν] χειρῶν / epithesis [tōn] cheirōn | kev tsa tes rau saum | High | Qualifications for Church Leadership; Sound Doctrine | 4, 5 | Surface resemblance to shamanic blessing/healing touch ritual; requires explicit ecclesial-commissioning teaching note. |
| 61 | Care for Widows | Widow indeed | ὄντως χήρα / ontōs chēra | tus poj ntsuam tiag tiag | Medium-High | Care for Widows and the Household of Faith | 5 | Comprehension/practice gap with Hmong clan widow-care and levirate remarriage custom (kev yuav tij yuav kwv); pastoral note required, not a lexical collision. |
| 62 | Care for Widows / Qualifications | Honor / double honor | τιμή / διπλῆ τιμή / timē / diplē timē | kev hwm / kev hwm ob npaug | Medium | Care for Widows; Qualifications for Church Leadership | 5 | Shares the hwm-root flag with #47; object here is living leaders/widows, doctrinally safe but requires consistent teaching. |
| 63 | Public Worship | Not permit a woman to teach or exercise authority over a man | διδάσκειν… οὐδὲ αὐθεντεῖν ἀνδρός / didaskein… oude authentein andros | kuv tsis pub tus pojniam qhia lus lossis kav tus txivneej | High, ambiguous | Qualifications for Church Leadership; Public Worship | 2 | authenteō’s contested semantic range (ordinary authority vs. domineering) directly affects church-office doctrine — flagged, not resolved. |
| 64 | Public Worship | Saved through childbearing | σωθήσεται διὰ τῆς τεκνογονίας / sōthēsetai dia tēs teknogonias | nws yuav raug Vajtswv tsom kwm thaum yug menyuam (provisional) | CRITICAL, ambiguous | Public Worship; Grace and Salvation (cross-cutting) | 2 | Risk of implying works-salvation; deliberately avoids kev cawm dim pending theologian review. |
| 65 | Public Worship | Women/deaconesses/wives (ambiguous referent) | γυναῖκας / gynaikas | cov pojniam (provisional, non-possessive) | High, ambiguous | Qualifications for Church Leadership | 3 | Ambiguous between deaconesses and deacons’ wives; bears directly on women’s-ministry-office doctrine. |
| 66 | Guarding the Deposit | Guard the deposit | τὴν παραθήκην φύλαξον / tēn parathēkēn phylaxon | tsom kwm zoo yam ntseeg uas muab cia rau koj lawm | Medium-High | Guarding the Deposit of Faith | 6 | Central term of a named doctrine; positive debt/trust-holding bridge but requires “fixed, unalterable content” teaching note. |
| 67 | Guarding the Deposit | Falsely called knowledge | ψευδώνυμος γνῶσις / pseudōnymos gnōsis | ”kev txawj ntse” tiamsis tsis muaj tseeb | Low-Medium | Guarding the Deposit; Sound Doctrine | 6 | Bookends Ch.1’s myths/genealogies/speculation warnings. |
| 68 | Doxology | Blessed and only Sovereign / King of kings, Lord of lords | μακάριος καὶ μόνος δυνάστης… βασιλεὺς… κύριος / makarios kai monos dynastēs… basileus… kyrios | tus muaj kev zoo siab thiab yog tib leeg tus uas muaj hwjchim kav ib puas tsav yam, tus Huabtais kav tag nrho cov huabtais, thiab tus Tswv kav tag nrho cov tswv | High | Godliness and Contentment (doxology) | 6 | Inherits hwjchim and tus Tswv qualifier rules; new term Huabtais (king) is Low-risk on its own. |
| 69 | Doxology | Immortality (God’s intrinsic) | ἀθανασία / athanasia | uas yog tib leeg tus tsis muaj hnub tuag | Medium | Godliness and Contentment (doxology) | 1, 6 | Must be kept lexically distinct from inherited eternal_life (#18, granted to believers). |
| 70 | Ethics | Love of money is a root of all evils | φιλαργυρία ῥίζα πάντων τῶν κακῶν / philargyria rhiza pantōn tōn kakōn | qhov kev nyiam nyiaj txiag yog hauv paus ntawm txhua yam kev phem | Low-Medium | Godliness and Contentment | 6 | Must retain “the LOVE of” as subject, not money itself, to avoid a false anti-wealth doctrine. |
| 71 | Ethics | Godliness as a means of gain | πορισμὸν εἶναι τὴν εὐσέβειαν / porismon einai tēn eusebeian | xav tias kev ua neej hwm Vajtswv yog ib txoj kev khwv tau nyiaj | High | Godliness and Contentment | 6 | Direct textual anchor for the baseline’s general prosperity-gospel prohibition; must be explicitly rejected, never presented neutrally. |
| 72 | Household Order | Master (human, literal) | δεσπότης / despotēs | tus tswv (lowercase, distinct from tus Tswv) | Medium | Household order (ch.6 slave/master instructions) | 6 | Orthographic/contextual distinction from the divine title tus Tswv (kyrios) required. |
| 73 | Discipline | Delivered to Satan | παρέδωκα τῷ Σατανᾷ / paredōka tō Satana | muab tso rau hauv tus Ntxwg Nyoog txhais tes | Medium-High | Sound Doctrine vs. False Teaching (discipline) | 1 | Must be taught as formal corrective church discipline under God’s sovereignty, never resembling shamanic curse-invocation (foo). |
| 74 | Discipline | Snare of the devil | παγὶς τοῦ διαβόλου / pagis tou diabolou | lub vojhlua ntawm tus Ntxwg Nyoog | Low | Qualifications for Church Leadership | 3, 6 | Stable, reuses established Hmong-Christian Satan term. |
| 75 | Worship | Fourfold prayer vocabulary | δεήσεις, προσευχαί, ἐντεύξεις, εὐχαριστίαι | kev thov, kev pe hawm thov Vajtswv, kev thov txhawb rau lwm tus, kev ua tsaug | Low | Public Worship and Prayer | 2 | New compound term set; log for TM extension. |
| 76 | Worship | Lifting holy hands | ἐπαίροντας ὁσίους χεῖρας / epairontas hosious cheiras | yeem tsa tes uas dawb huv thov Vajtswv | Medium | Public Worship and Prayer | 2 | Inherits dawb huv ritual-purity collision flag; teach as moral integrity. |
| 77 | Christian Living | Purity (hagneia, distinct from hagiasmos) | ἁγνεία / hagneia | kev dawb huv ntawm lub siab thiab lub cev | Medium | Qualifications for Church Leadership (example, 4:12) | 4 | Shares dawb huv collision flag; distinct nuance from sanctification. |
| 78 | Church Order | Good standing (from faithful service) | βαθμὸς καλός / bathmos kalos | ib theem koob meej zoo | Low-Medium | Qualifications for Church Leadership | 3 | Must not be taught as merit toward salvation. |
| 79 | Church Order | Great confidence/boldness in the faith | πολλὴ παρρησία / pollē parrēsia | kev txaus siab hais lus tsis ntshai | Low | Qualifications for Church Leadership | 3 | New term; log for TM extension. |
| 80 | Christology | The good confession | ἡ καλὴ ὁμολογία / hē kalē homologia | tej lus koj tau lees paub tseeb | Medium | Godliness and Contentment; Guarding the Deposit | 6 | Reuses the Romans-package-consistent verb lees paub. |
| 81 | Household Order | Household management (“manage his own household well”) | τοῦ ἰδίου οἴκου καλῶς προϊστάμενον / tou idiou oikou kalōs proistamenon | kav tau nws tsev neeg zoo | Low-Medium | Qualifications for Church Leadership | 3 | Positive bridge to Hmong household-headship values. |
| 82 | Household Order | Children in submission, with all dignity | τέκνα ἐν ὑποταγῇ μετὰ πάσης σεμνότητος | muaj menyuam mloog lus, muaj kev hwm thiab txhij txhua | Medium | Qualifications for Church Leadership | 3 | Shares hwm-root flag (#47/#62). |
| 83 | Character list | Above reproach, sober-minded, self-controlled, respectable, hospitable, able to teach, not a drunkard, not violent, gentle, not quarrelsome, not a lover of money | ἀνεπίλημπτος, νηφάλιος, σώφρων, κόσμιος, φιλόξενος, διδακτικός, μὴ πάροινος, μὴ πλήκτης, ἐπιεικής, ἄμαχος, ἀφιλάργυρος | tsis muaj chaw thuam, ceev faj, txawj tswj tus kheej, coj tus kheej zoo, hlub thiab txais tos qhua, muaj peevxwm qhia lus, tsis quav cawv, tsis nyiam ntaus luag, muaj lub siab mos, tsis nyiam sib cav, tsis nyiam nyiaj txiag | Low (individually) | Qualifications for Church Leadership | 3 | Full virtue-list; see §1 core-passage verse-by-verse for individual treatment; grouped here for glossary compactness. |
| 84 | Character list (deacons) | Dignified, not double-tongued, not addicted to much wine, not greedy for shameful gain | σεμνός, μὴ δίλογος, μὴ οἴνῳ πολλῷ προσέχων, μὴ αἰσχροκερδής | muaj kev hwm, tsis hais ob lo lus, tsis quav cawv ntau, tsis nyiam tau nyiaj txiag los ntawm txoj kev txhaum | Low-Medium | Qualifications for Church Leadership | 3 | Grouped for glossary compactness; see §1 for full treatment. |
| 85 | Ethics | Man of God | ἄνθρωπε θεοῦ / anthrōpe theou | tus neeg ntawm Vajtswv | Low | Godliness and Contentment | 6 | Direct calque, stable. |
C. Forbidden-Substitution Additions Proposed for This Book (pending formal TM-revision)
Consistent with the format of the baseline’s §3.1/§3.2 tables, the following are proposed as new forbidden substitutions for the eventual 1 Timothy TM revision:
| Forbidden Substitution | Correct Rendering | Reason |
|---|---|---|
Rendering mesitēs (mediator) with any vocabulary drawn from or resembling txiv neeb (shaman) terminology, or leaving “mediator” unqualified/bare | tib leeg tus nruab nrab (ntawm Vajtswv thiab tibneeg), always anchored to Christ Jesus’ humanity and once-for-all ransom | Assimilates Christ’s unique, exclusive mediatorship into the existing shamanic spirit-mediation category, inverting the Christ-as-One-Mediator doctrine. |
Rendering presbyteros (elder) as bare txwj laus with no ecclesial qualifier | tus txwj laus hauv pawg ntseeg | Collapses the church’s spiritual-shepherding office into the customary clan-elder role rooted in ancestral-ritual authority. |
Softening or omitting mias gynaikos andra (husband of one wife) as merely “a good husband” without the numerical/exclusivity force | tus muaj tib tug pojniam xwb, taught with a mandatory pastoral note | Erases a concrete, historically relevant qualification directly confronting polygamy; softening removes real pastoral teaching content. |
Treating eusebeia (godliness) as interchangeable with pehawm (cultic worship) or with generic hwm unqualified by Vajtswv in first-occurrence teaching | kev ua neej hwm Vajtswv, always taught with first-occurrence contrast to ancestor/spirit-honoring practice | Risks presenting godliness as correct ritual performance toward the right spiritual power, rather than Spirit-wrought character transformation. |
Rendering pneumata plana / daimoniōn (deceiving spirits / demons) with ntsuj plig or Vaj Ntsuj Plig | cov dab uas dag ntxias / tej lus qhia los ntawm dab | Would either confuse evil spirits with the human soul or, far worse, with the Holy Spirit. |
Presenting sōthēsetai dia tēs teknogonias (2:15) as teaching that childbearing is a means or condition of salvation from sin | Provisional non-soteriological gloss pending theologian review; never use kev cawm dim for this clause without explicit theological clarification | Would directly contradict the Critical Grace-and-Salvation-by-Faith-Alone doctrine inherited from the Romans baseline. |
Treating tēn parathēkēn (the deposit, 6:20) as a negotiable, evolving, or locally-adaptable tradition | tsom kwm zoo yam ntseeg uas muab cia rau koj lawm, taught as fixed apostolic content | Undermines the Guarding-the-Deposit doctrine’s insistence on an unalterable, once-delivered trust. |
Rendering the stylos kai hedraiōma (pillar and foundation, 3:15) metaphor without an explicit teaching note distinguishing it from the sacred household house-post concept | ncej thiab lub hauv paus ntawm qhov tseeb, with mandatory teaching note | Risks implying the church functions as a ritual/spiritual power-object analogous to the traditional house-post rather than as a truth-bearing community. |
D. Full-Book Chapter Coverage Index
| Chapter | New Terms Contributed | Status |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Savior, hope-title, heterodidaskalein, myths, genealogies, speculations, sound doctrine, blessed God, chief of sinners, King of ages/immortal/invisible, fight the good fight, shipwrecked, delivered to Satan | Reviewed |
| 2 | Prayer vocabulary, governing authority (extended), godliness, knowledge of truth, one Mediator, ransom for all, testimony, holy hands, modest apparel, silence/submission, authenteō, Adam/Eve, saved through childbearing | Reviewed |
| 3:1-13 | Overseer, husband of one wife, full qualification lists (overseer and deacon), deacon, mystery of the faith, tested first, ambiguous “women,” good standing, boldness, in Christ Jesus | Reviewed (Core Passage) |
| 3:14-16 | Household of God, church of the living God, pillar and foundation of truth, mystery of godliness, Christ-hymn sextet (flesh/Spirit/angels/nations/world/glory) | Reviewed |
| 4 | Apostasy, deceiving spirits, doctrines of demons, forbidding marriage/foods, sanctified by word and prayer, train for godliness, bodily training, living God/Savior of all, example in word/conduct, spiritual gift, laying on of hands, council of elders | Reviewed |
| 5 | Elder (general and office senses), widow indeed, honor/double honor, muzzling the ox, two-or-three-witnesses rule, laying on of hands hastily | Reviewed |
| 6 | Slaves/masters, heterodidaskalein (repeated), morbid craving for controversy, godliness as gain, godliness with contentment, contentment, brought nothing into the world, love of money, man of God, virtue list, good fight of faith, good confession, doxology (Sovereign/King of kings/immortality/unapproachable light), the rich, treasure up a good foundation, guard the deposit, falsely called knowledge | Reviewed |
No chapter of 1 Timothy is silently omitted. Full-book coverage mandate satisfied.
Critical Risk Terms
Holy Spirit
Approved rendering: Vaj Ntsuj Plig
Transliteration: pneuma hagion
Doctrine: The Church as Pillar of Truth
Rejected alternatives: bare ntsuj plig (no Vaj prefix) — rejected, denotes an animistic wandering human soul, dab (spirit/demon) — FORBIDDEN, would confuse the divine Person with malevolent spirit-beings condemned at 4:1
Inherited from Romans package verbatim. Mandatory ‘Vaj’ prefix at every occurrence (3:16, 4:1 context). Must never be used for ‘deceiving spirits’ (pneumata plana, 4:1), which use ‘dab’ instead — see deceiving_spirits entry.
Grace
Approved rendering: txiaj ntsim
Transliteration: charis
Doctrine: Sound Doctrine versus False Teaching
Rejected alternatives: koob hmoov (fortune/blessing tied to fate and ritual correctness) — PERMANENTLY FORBIDDEN for this sense; would invert sola gratia
Inherited from Romans package verbatim. koob hmoov reserved exclusively for ordinary material ‘blessing’ contexts, never for salvific grace, per baseline governance.
Law Mosaic Divine
Approved rendering: Txoj Kevcai (ntawm Vajtswv / Mauxes)
Transliteration: nomos
Doctrine: Sound Doctrine versus False Teaching
Rejected alternatives: bare ‘Txoj Kevcai’ without qualifier — rejected, collapses into kev cai dab qhuas (ancestral spirit-worship customs)
Inherited from Romans package verbatim. Mandatory qualifier at every occurrence, including 1:8-9’s discussion of the Law’s lawful use.
Flesh Neutral Descent Body
Approved rendering: lub cev nqaij tawv
Transliteration: sarx (neutral)
Doctrine: The Church as Pillar of Truth
Rejected alternatives: bare nqaij used unmarked for both senses — rejected, collapses neutral and moral senses of flesh, the moral/sinful-nature periphrasis (kev xav/kev ua raws li lub cev nqaij tawv) — FORBIDDEN here, since 3:16 describes Christ’s sinless incarnation
Inherited from Romans package verbatim. Mandatory use at 3:16’s Christ-hymn (‘manifested in the flesh’) — the NEUTRAL entry only, never the moral-sinful-nature periphrasis.
Justify Reckon As Righteous
Approved rendering: ua kom ncaj ncees / raug suav tias ncaj ncees
Transliteration: dikaioō / logizomai
Doctrine: The Church as Pillar of Truth
Rejected alternatives: ‘ua zoo’ (do good) framing — rejected, reintroduces works-righteousness
Inherited from Romans package verbatim. Combined with holy_spirit at 3:16 (‘vindicated/justified in the Spirit’) — see vindicated_in_the_spirit entry; both qualifiers mandatory simultaneously.
Righteousness Of God Righteous
Approved rendering: Vajtswv txoj kev ncaj ncees / tus ncaj ncees
Transliteration: dikaiosynē theou / dikaios
Doctrine: Godliness and Contentment
Rejected alternatives: bare ‘kev ncaj ncees’ without the reckoning qualifier — rejected, reads as self-achieved moralism
Inherited from Romans package verbatim. Appears in the virtue list Timothy is charged to pursue (6:11); when justification (not mere ethical pursuit) is in view, must retain the reckoning/imputation qualifier.
Husband Of One Wife
Approved rendering: tus muaj tib tug pojniam xwb
Transliteration: mias gynaikos andra / andres
Doctrine: Qualifications for Church Leadership (Elders and Deacons)
Rejected alternatives: softening to merely ‘a good husband’ without the numerical/exclusivity force — PERMANENTLY FORBIDDEN, erases a concrete qualification directly confronting polygamy
NEW ENTRY (3:2, 3:12, core passage). Direct, concrete collision with historic and, in some communities, still-practiced Hmong plural marriage. A convert from an existing polygamous household is disqualified from these two offices under the plain sense of the text. No lexical fix removes this real pastoral conflict; MANDATORY pastoral/theological teaching note required in every teaching unit, distinguishing office-ineligibility from a claim about the man’s salvation status.
One Mediator
Approved rendering: tib leeg tus nruab nrab (ntawm Vajtswv thiab tibneeg)
Transliteration: heis mesitēs
Doctrine: Christ as the One Mediator
Rejected alternatives: bare, unqualified ‘tus nruab nrab’ (mediator/go-between) — PERMANENTLY FORBIDDEN, any txiv neeb (shaman)-adjacent vocabulary — PERMANENTLY FORBIDDEN, would assimilate Christ into the shamanic spirit-mediation role as one intermediary among many
NEW ENTRY (2:5). Single highest-priority forbidden-substitution candidate in this book. The txiv neeb (shaman) is the central specialist of Hmong traditional religion, functioning precisely as a ritual go-between negotiating with the spirit world; ancestors and household spirits are likewise approached as intermediaries. The qualifying clause ‘tib leeg… xwb’ (only/alone) and anchoring to Christ’s humanity (‘uas yog neeg’) and once-for-all ransom (2:6) are structurally mandatory at every occurrence, never omitted, abbreviated, or left implicit.
Vindicated In The Spirit
Approved rendering: tau raug suav tias ncaj ncees los ntawm Vaj Ntsuj Plig
Transliteration: edikaiōthē en pneumati
Doctrine: The Church as Pillar of Truth
NEW combination (3:16, second line of Christ-hymn) of two already-Critical Romans-baseline entries (justify_reckon_as_righteous + holy_spirit). Both qualifiers (‘raug suav tias’ and the mandatory ‘Vaj’ prefix) required simultaneously as a single atomic unit; no partial rendering permitted.
Saved Through Childbearing
Approved rendering: nws yuav raug Vajtswv tsom kwm thaum yug menyuam (provisional, pending theologian review)
Transliteration: sōthēsetai dia tēs teknogonias
Doctrine: Public Worship and Prayer
Rejected alternatives: kev cawm dim (the reserved TM term for salvation from sin) — PERMANENTLY FORBIDDEN for this clause without explicit theological clarification, would imply childbearing is a means or condition of salvation, inverting the Critical Grace-and-Salvation-by-Faith-Alone doctrine
NEW ENTRY, unresolved (2:15). Notoriously disputed clause: physical safekeeping through childbirth vs. general statement about the sphere in which believing women persevere. [TRANSLATOR REVIEW NEEDED]. Provisional non-soteriological gloss must remain flagged in every generated unit pending formal theologian resolution.
High Risk Terms
Human Spirit Soul
Approved rendering: ntsuj plig
Transliteration: pneuma (anthropological)
Doctrine: The Church as Pillar of Truth
Rejected alternatives: Vaj Ntsuj Plig — forbidden for this referent, reserved exclusively for the Holy Spirit
Inherited from Romans package verbatim. In 1 Timothy this entry functions primarily as a NEGATIVE fence: 4:1’s ‘deceiving spirits’ must never be rendered with this term either, since that referent is malevolent supernatural beings (dab), not the human soul.
Servant Slave Doulos
Approved rendering: qhev
Transliteration: doulos
Doctrine: Christian household order
Rejected alternatives: koom tes (co-worker/partner) — rejected softening, erases total-surrender force
Inherited from Romans package verbatim. 1 Timothy 6:1-2 reuses this term in its LITERAL institutional sense (household slaves addressed pastorally), distinct from Paul’s honorific metaphorical self-designation (Romans 1:1); requires a teaching note distinguishing the two senses.
Sin Act And Condition
Approved rendering: txhaum / kev txhaum
Transliteration: hamartia
Doctrine: Sound Doctrine versus False Teaching
Inherited from Romans package verbatim. Grounds Paul’s ‘chief of sinners’ testimony (1:15), which must retain explicit Christ-anchoring per the salvation_save entry below.
Salvation Save
Approved rendering: kev cawm dim / cawm
Transliteration: sōtēria / sōzō
Doctrine: Christ as the One Mediator
Rejected alternatives: unanchored ‘dim’ (escape) parallel to shamanic ua neeb soul-rescue — rejected without explicit Christ-anchoring, use for 2:15’s ‘saved through childbearing’ clause — FORBIDDEN pending theologian review, see saved_through_childbearing entry
Inherited from Romans package verbatim. Extended in 1 Timothy to ‘Savior of all people, especially believers’ (4:10) and ‘God our Savior’ (see god_our_savior entry); must always remain anchored explicitly to God/Yexus Khetos as agent.
Sanctification
Approved rendering: kev raug ua kom dawb huv
Transliteration: hagiasmos / hagiazō
Doctrine: Public Worship and Prayer
Rejected alternatives: treating dawb huv as a repeatable ritual-cleansing state — rejected
Inherited from Romans package verbatim. Applied in a new context at 4:5 (food/creation ‘sanctified’ by the word of God and prayer); must not be read as a repeatable ritual-cleansing formula applied to food.
Power
Approved rendering: hwjchim
Transliteration: dynamis
Doctrine: Godliness and Contentment
Rejected alternatives: bare, unqualified hwjchim — FORBIDDEN, identical to a shaman’s (txiv neeb) ritual power
Inherited from Romans package verbatim. Always qualify as ‘Vajtswv hwjchim’ (God’s power); appears within the doxology_king_of_kings entry (6:15-16).
Governing Authority
Approved rendering: cov muaj hwjchim kav teb chaws
Transliteration: exousia
Doctrine: Public Worship and Prayer
Rejected alternatives: unmarked hwjchim framing rulers’ authority as shamanic spiritual power — rejected
Inherited from Romans package verbatim. Reused at 2:1-2 for ‘kings and all who are in high positions,’ the object of the church’s intercessory prayer.
Original Sin Adam Christ Typology
Approved rendering: Adas / kev ua txhaum (ntawm Adas)
Transliteration: Adam; paraptōma
Doctrine: Public Worship and Prayer
Rejected alternatives: ‘sin entered’ rendered with nkag (spirit/dab possession verb) — rejected, suggests demonic infestation rather than federal guilt transmission
Inherited from Romans package verbatim. Extended to a new Genesis-narrative application at 2:13-14 (creation order, Eve’s deception) supporting the teaching-restriction rationale.
In Christ Union Formula
Approved rendering: nyob hauv Khetos
Transliteration: en Christō
Doctrine: Qualifications for Church Leadership (Elders and Deacons)
Rejected alternatives: bare spatial ‘hauv’ with no fixed co-text — rejected, misses the participatory, mystical-union sense
Inherited from Romans package verbatim. Applied at 3:13 to the boldness/confidence gained through faithful diaconal service (‘in the faith that is in Christ Jesus’), inside the core passage.
Idol
Approved rendering: dab mlom
Transliteration: eidōlon
Doctrine: The Church as Pillar of Truth
Rejected alternatives: generic ‘statue’ softening — rejected, must not soften the term
Inherited from Romans package verbatim. Implicit contrast-concept behind ‘church of the LIVING God’ (3:15), distinguishing the true God from lifeless spirit-images.
Elder Church Office
Approved rendering: tus txwj laus hauv pawg ntseeg
Transliteration: presbyteros
Doctrine: Qualifications for Church Leadership (Elders and Deacons)
Rejected alternatives: bare ‘txwj laus’ with no ecclesial qualifier — PERMANENTLY FORBIDDEN, collapses the church’s spiritual-shepherding office into the customary clan-elder role rooted in ancestral-ritual authority
NEW ENTRY (5:17-22; functionally overlaps episkopos, 3:1-7). ‘Txwj laus’ is the exact title of the customary Hmong clan/village elder, whose authority derives from age, clan seniority, and presiding responsibility over ancestral, funeral, and marriage-negotiation rites. The qualifier ‘hauv pawg ntseeg’ is structurally mandatory at every occurrence, enforced with the same weight as hwjchim → Vajtswv hwjchim. Never dropped.
Council Of Elders
Approved rendering: pawg txwj laus
Transliteration: presbyterion
Doctrine: Qualifications for Church Leadership (Elders and Deacons)
NEW ENTRY (4:14). Built on and inherits the collision profile of elder_church_office at group level, compounding the resonance with Hmong clan councils of elders that adjudicate disputes; always co-occur with ecclesial-commissioning context (laying_on_of_hands).
Godliness
Approved rendering: kev ua neej hwm Vajtswv
Transliteration: eusebeia
Doctrine: Godliness and Contentment
Rejected alternatives: treating as interchangeable with pehawm (cultic worship) or with generic ‘hwm’ unqualified by Vajtswv in first-occurrence teaching — rejected, risks presenting godliness as correct ritual performance rather than Spirit-wrought character transformation
NEW ENTRY — the letter’s single most frequent positive term (2:2; 3:16; 4:7-8; 6:3,5,6,11). Built on the verb ‘hwm’ (to honor/revere), the same root verb used pervasively in Hmong traditional religion for honoring ancestors and spirits (hwm dab qhuas, hwm poj yawm txwv). Treated with the same seriousness as pehawm/hwjchim/kev cawm dim in the Romans baseline. MANDATORY teaching note required at first occurrence (2:2); re-glossed at the start of each new curriculum module per baseline reading-level rule.
Myths
Approved rendering: tej zaj dab neeg
Transliteration: mythoi
Doctrine: Sound Doctrine versus False Teaching
Rejected alternatives: generalized use as a blanket term for Hmong oral tradition/storytelling — FORBIDDEN, this genre is not itself condemned
NEW ENTRY (1:4; 4:7). Contains the ‘dab’ (spirit) morpheme; this is the ordinary, respected Hmong word for legend/oral tradition, a load-bearing carrier of clan identity. MANDATORY scope-limiting teaching note at first occurrence distinguishing Paul’s condemnation of speculative, faith-distracting fables from Hmong storytelling as a genre.
Endless Genealogies
Approved rendering: keeb kwm xeem thiab tsev neeg uas hais tsis tas
Transliteration: genealogiai aperantoi
Doctrine: Sound Doctrine versus False Teaching
Rejected alternatives: generalized condemnation of xeem (clan) genealogy-keeping practice as such — FORBIDDEN
NEW ENTRY (1:4). Hmong culture places very high value on xeem (clan) and ancestral lineage-keeping as a core marker of identity and social obligation. MANDATORY teaching note distinguishing ordinary Hmong lineage-keeping (not condemned) from the specific speculative, faith-eclipsing genealogical myth-making Paul targets.
Deceiving Spirits
Approved rendering: cov dab uas dag ntxias tibneeg
Transliteration: pneumasin planois
Doctrine: Sound Doctrine versus False Teaching
Rejected alternatives: ntsuj plig — FORBIDDEN, would confuse evil spirits with the human soul, Vaj Ntsuj Plig — PERMANENTLY FORBIDDEN, would confuse evil spirits with the Holy Spirit
NEW ENTRY (4:1). Uses ‘dab’, the exact Hmong term for the spirit-beings that are objects of veneration/negotiation in traditional religion — doctrinally correct here since Paul means real malevolent supernatural beings. Must be taught as reinforcing, not softening, the church’s existing rejection of dab-veneration.
Doctrines Of Demons
Approved rendering: tej lus qhia los ntawm dab
Transliteration: didaskaliai daimoniōn
Doctrine: Sound Doctrine versus False Teaching
Rejected alternatives: ntsuj plig / Vaj Ntsuj Plig — PERMANENTLY FORBIDDEN, same collision profile as deceiving_spirits
NEW ENTRY (4:1). Same collision profile and mandatory-distinction rule as deceiving_spirits; must always be taught together with it in one consolidated note, never in isolation.
Pillar And Foundation Of Truth
Approved rendering: ncej thiab lub hauv paus ntawm qhov tseeb
Transliteration: stylos kai hedraiōma tēs alētheias
Doctrine: The Church as Pillar of Truth
Rejected alternatives: presenting the metaphor without a distinguishing teaching note — FORBIDDEN
NEW ENTRY (3:15). Traditional Hmong houses feature a ritually significant sacred central house-post (ncej tas) tied to household-spirit veneration and life-cycle rites (birth, marriage, death observances). MANDATORY teaching note at first occurrence distinguishing the purely metaphorical, structural, truth-displaying/truth-supporting sense from any ritual-object association. A genuinely new collision type for this Language Package with no Romans-baseline precedent.
Mystery Of Godliness
Approved rendering: zaj lus zais cia ntawm kev ua neej hwm Vajtswv
Transliteration: to tēs eusebeias mystērion
Doctrine: The Church as Pillar of Truth
NEW ENTRY (3:16). Directly inherits the godliness entry’s collision risk; must be taught alongside the Godliness doctrine, since the term structurally links the two doctrines at this verse.
Laying On Of Hands
Approved rendering: kev tsa tes rau saum
Transliteration: epithesis [tōn] cheirōn
Doctrine: Qualifications for Church Leadership (Elders and Deacons)
NEW ENTRY (4:14; 5:22). The physical act has surface resemblance to shamanic healing/blessing touch-rituals performed by a txiv neeb; requires explicit teaching that this is a formal ecclesial commissioning act accompanying Spirit-given gifting, not a ritual transfer of supernatural power.
Gynaikas Ambiguous Women
Approved rendering: cov pojniam (provisional, non-possessive)
Transliteration: gynaikas
Doctrine: Qualifications for Church Leadership (Elders and Deacons)
Rejected alternatives: unilaterally resolving to ‘lawv tej pojniam’ (their wives) — FORBIDDEN without theologian review, unilaterally resolving to ‘cov tub txib pojniam’ (deaconesses) — FORBIDDEN without theologian review
NEW ENTRY, unresolved (3:11, core passage). Genuinely ambiguous Greek referent (deaconesses / deacons’ wives / women serving alongside deacons); bears directly on the doctrine of women’s ministry office. [TRANSLATOR REVIEW NEEDED]. Mandatory footnote presenting both readings required in every generated unit; must not be resolved silently.
Authenteo Women Teaching Authority
Approved rendering: kuv tsis pub tus pojniam qhia lus lossis kav tus txivneej
Transliteration: didaskein… oude authentein andros
Doctrine: Public Worship and Prayer
Rejected alternatives: silently resolving authenteō toward either ‘ordinary authority’ or ‘domineering/usurping authority’ — FORBIDDEN without theologian determination
NEW ENTRY, unresolved (2:12). The rare verb authenteō’s contested semantic range materially affects church-office and gender-role doctrine. [TRANSLATOR REVIEW NEEDED]. Must be flagged, not resolved, in every generated unit.
Godliness As Means Of Gain
Approved rendering: xav tias kev ua neej hwm Vajtswv yog ib txoj kev khwv tau nyiaj
Transliteration: porismon einai tēn eusebeian
Doctrine: Godliness and Contentment
Rejected alternatives: presenting as a neutral or plausible ‘possible reading’ — PERMANENTLY FORBIDDEN
NEW ENTRY (6:5). This verse is the exact textual anchor for the baseline’s general prosperity-gospel prohibition; must always be presented as an explicitly rejected error, never neutrally.
Doxology King Of Kings
Approved rendering: tus muaj kev zoo siab thiab yog tib leeg tus uas muaj hwjchim kav ib puas tsav yam, tus Huabtais kav tag nrho cov huabtais, thiab tus Tswv kav tag nrho cov tswv
Transliteration: ho makarios kai monos dynastēs, ho basileus tōn basileuontōn kai kyrios tōn kyrieuontōn
Doctrine: Godliness and Contentment
NEW ENTRY (6:15). Inherits the mandatory ‘Vajtswv hwjchim’ qualifier rule for power/hwjchim and reuses ‘tus Tswv’ for kyrios; ‘Huabtais’ (king/emperor) is a stable, non-colliding general term on its own.
Medium Risk Terms
Apostle
Approved rendering: tus Tub Txib
Transliteration: apostolos
Doctrine: Guarding the Deposit of Faith
Inherited from Romans package verbatim. Grounds Paul’s authority to charge Timothy and to certify sound doctrine (1:1; 2:7).
Deacon Servant
Approved rendering: tus pab tu pawg ntseeg
Transliteration: diakonos
Doctrine: Qualifications for Church Leadership (Elders and Deacons)
Rejected alternatives: qhev — rejected, would confuse a recognized office of service with the total-ownership bondservant metaphor
Inherited from Romans package verbatim. Regulated alongside the overseer in 3:8-13, the core passage of this Language Package.
Faith Believe
Approved rendering: kev ntseeg / ntseeg
Transliteration: pistis / pisteuō
Doctrine: Sound Doctrine versus False Teaching
Inherited from Romans package verbatim. The letter’s most pervasive cross-cutting term (all six chapters).
Conscience
Approved rendering: tej kev paub zoo paub phem hauv lub siab
Transliteration: syneidēsis
Doctrine: Sound Doctrine versus False Teaching
Inherited from Romans package verbatim. Recurs as a Pastoral-Epistle theme requiring consistency with confessed faith (1:5, 1:19, 3:9, 4:2).
Redemption
Approved rendering: kev txhiv
Transliteration: apolytrōsis
Doctrine: Christ as the One Mediator
Inherited from Romans package verbatim. Extended to universal scope at 2:6 via the new ransom_for_all entry.
Spiritual Gift
Approved rendering: ib yam khoom plig ntawm Vaj Ntsuj Plig
Transliteration: charisma pneumatikon / charisma
Doctrine: Qualifications for Church Leadership (Elders and Deacons)
Inherited from Romans package verbatim. Confirmed via prophecy and the laying_on_of_hands (4:14).
Office Of Overseer
Approved rendering: haujlwm saib xyuas pawg ntseeg
Transliteration: episkopē
Doctrine: Qualifications for Church Leadership (Elders and Deacons)
NEW ENTRY (3:1). The abstract office/function, kept lexically parallel to overseer_bishop so the office and office-holder are recognizably related in Hmong.
Ransom For All
Approved rendering: nqi txhiv rau sawvdaws
Transliteration: antilytron hyper pantōn
Doctrine: Christ as the One Mediator
NEW ENTRY (2:6). Extension of the inherited redemption (kev txhiv) economic-legal bridge to universal scope; must remain tightly co-located with one_mediator in every generation unit — the two terms are argumentatively inseparable.
God Our Savior
Approved rendering: Vajtswv, peb tus Cawmseej
Transliteration: theou sōtēros hēmōn
Doctrine: Christ as the One Mediator
NEW ENTRY (1:1; 2:3; 4:10). Built on the inherited kev cawm dim root; the title ‘Cawmseej’ (Savior) must always retain explicit agent-anchoring to God/Christ, per the salvation_save forbidden-substitution rule.
Teaching A Different Doctrine
Approved rendering: qhia lwm yam lus tsis yog tseeb
Transliteration: heterodidaskalein
Doctrine: Sound Doctrine versus False Teaching
NEW ENTRY. Core negative term for the book’s primary doctrine (1:3; 6:3); must render identically at both occurrences for consistency.
Sound Doctrine
Approved rendering: tej lus qhia uas raug thiab pub txoj sia zoo
Transliteration: hygiainousē didaskalia
Doctrine: Sound Doctrine versus False Teaching
NEW ENTRY. Core positive counterpart to teaching_a_different_doctrine (1:10; 4:6; 6:3); must render identically at all occurrences.
Household Of God
Approved rendering: tsev neeg ntawm Vajtswv
Transliteration: oikos theou
Doctrine: The Church as Pillar of Truth
NEW ENTRY (3:15). Positive bridge to the strong Hmong clan-household (tsev neeg, xeem) concept, which carries real ancestor-obligation associations; requires a teaching note that this household’s Head and covenant basis is God alone, not ancestral succession.
Honor Double Honor
Approved rendering: kev hwm / kev hwm ob npaug
Transliteration: timē / diplē timē
Doctrine: Care for Widows and the Household of Faith
NEW ENTRY (5:3, 5:17). Shares the hwm-root flag with godliness; object here (living leaders/widows) is doctrinally safe, but requires consistent cross-book teaching given how frequently ‘hwm’ recurs.
Master Human Literal
Approved rendering: tus tswv
Transliteration: despotēs
Doctrine: Christian household order
Rejected alternatives: transliteration — rejected, unnecessary and would break the deliberate literary echo Paul intends between human and divine ‘lord/master’ vocabulary
NEW ENTRY (6:1-2). Orthographic/contextual distinction from the divine title ‘tus Tswv’ (kyrios) is required to avoid confusing a human slave-master with the divine Lord.
Good Confession
Approved rendering: tej lus koj tau lees paub tseeb
Transliteration: hē kalē homologia
Doctrine: Godliness and Contentment
NEW ENTRY (6:12-13). Reuses the Romans-baseline-consistent verb ‘lees paub’ for confession language.
Immortality God Intrinsic
Approved rendering: uas yog tib leeg tus tsis muaj hnub tuag
Transliteration: athanasia
Doctrine: Godliness and Contentment
Rejected alternatives: merging with eternal_life (granted to believers) — FORBIDDEN, must preserve the theological distinction between God’s underived nature and creaturely granted life
NEW ENTRY (6:16). Must be kept permanently lexically distinct from the inherited eternal_life entry.
Purity Hagneia
Approved rendering: kev dawb huv ntawm lub siab thiab lub cev
Transliteration: hagneia
Doctrine: Godliness and Contentment
NEW ENTRY (4:12). Shares the inherited sanctification ‘dawb huv’ ritual-purity collision flag; distinct nuance requiring the same ritual-cleansing-vs-moral-transformation teaching caution.
Mystery Of The Faith
Approved rendering: zaj lus zais cia ntawm kev ntseeg
Transliteration: to mystērion tēs pisteōs
Doctrine: Qualifications for Church Leadership (Elders and Deacons)
NEW compound entry (3:9, core passage). Combines inherited mystery with inherited faith_believe.
Lifting Holy Hands
Approved rendering: yeem tsa tes uas dawb huv thov Vajtswv
Transliteration: epairontas hosious cheiras
Doctrine: Public Worship and Prayer
NEW ENTRY (2:8). Inherits the ‘dawb huv’ ritual-purity collision flag; teach as moral integrity in prayer, not ritual hand-purification.
Treasure Up Good Foundation
Approved rendering: khaws cia lawv tus kheej lub hauv paus zoo rau yav tom ntej
Transliteration: apothēsaurizontas heautois themelion kalon eis to mellon
Doctrine: Godliness and Contentment
Rejected alternatives: framing as merit accumulation toward salvation — FORBIDDEN
NEW ENTRY (6:19). Reuses the ‘hauv paus’ (foundation) family from pillar_and_foundation_of_truth; must not be taught as payment securing salvation, only wise, generous stewardship.
Adam Eve Creation Order
Approved rendering: Vajtswv tsim Adas ua ntej, tom qab ntawd Es Vas… Es Vas raug dag ntxias
Transliteration: Adam prōtos eplasthē, eita Eua… exapatētheisa
Doctrine: Public Worship and Prayer
NEW ENTRY (2:13-14). Extends the inherited original_sin_adam_christ_typology Adam-typology comprehension gap to a new Genesis-narrative application.
Learn Quietly Submissiveness
Approved rendering: kawm ua siab tus, thiab mloog lus txhij txhua
Transliteration: en hēsychia manthanetō en pasē hypotagē
Doctrine: Public Worship and Prayer
Rejected alternatives: reading as wholesale silencing rather than an orderly learning posture — caution flagged, not forbidden outright, pending theologian guidance
NEW ENTRY (2:11). Requires careful, non-collapsing teaching note distinguishing a quiet/orderly learning posture from wholesale silencing; cross-reference the ‘quiet life’ vocabulary at 2:2.
Low Risk Terms
God
Approved rendering: Vajtswv
Transliteration: theos
Doctrine: General / Cross-cutting
Rejected alternatives: Ntuj (impersonal sky/heaven) — rejected, lacks personal deity sense, dab (spirit) — rejected, denotes false/lesser spirit
Inherited from Romans package verbatim. No new risk surfaced in 1 Timothy.
Lord
Approved rendering: tus Tswv
Transliteration: kyrios
Doctrine: General / Cross-cutting
Inherited from Romans package verbatim. Must be kept orthographically/contextually distinct from the new lowercase human ‘tus tswv’ (despotēs, master) introduced at 6:1-2.
Jesus Christ
Approved rendering: Yexus Khetos / Khetos Yexus
Transliteration: Iēsous Christos / Christos Iēsous
Doctrine: General / Cross-cutting
Inherited from Romans package verbatim; 1 Timothy frequently uses the reversed word order ‘Khetos Yexus’ — both forms fixed.
Son Of God
Approved rendering: Leej Tub ntawm Vajtswv
Transliteration: huios theou
Doctrine: Christ as the One Mediator
Rejected alternatives: diminished-sonship renderings found in sectarian materials — rejected, must preserve full deity
Inherited from Romans package verbatim. Christological background to the Mediator doctrine’s insistence that the Mediator, Christ Jesus, is fully God as well as fully man (2:5).
Gospel
Approved rendering: Txoj Moo Zoo
Transliteration: euangelion
Doctrine: Sound Doctrine versus False Teaching
Inherited from Romans package verbatim.
Peace
Approved rendering: kev thaj yeeb
Transliteration: eirēnē
Doctrine: Public Worship and Prayer
Inherited from Romans package verbatim.
Eternal Life
Approved rendering: txoj sia nyob mus ib txhis
Transliteration: zōē aiōnios
Doctrine: Guarding the Deposit of Faith
Inherited from Romans package verbatim. Must be kept lexically distinct from the NEW term immortality_god_intrinsic (athanasia, God’s own underived deathlessness, 6:16), which describes God’s nature, not the believer’s granted life.
Glory
Approved rendering: lub yeeb koob
Transliteration: doxa
Doctrine: The Church as Pillar of Truth
Inherited from Romans package verbatim. Closes the Christ-hymn (3:16).
Love
Approved rendering: kev hlub
Transliteration: agapē
Doctrine: Sound Doctrine versus False Teaching
Inherited from Romans package verbatim. Part of the letter’s positive telos (1:5) and virtue lists (4:12, 6:11).
Hope
Approved rendering: kev cia siab
Transliteration: elpis
Doctrine: Godliness and Contentment
Inherited from Romans package verbatim. Grounded in Christ personally (1:1) and redirected from material wealth to God (6:17).
Endurance
Approved rendering: kev ua siab ntev
Transliteration: hypomonē
Doctrine: Godliness and Contentment
Inherited from Romans package verbatim.
World
Approved rendering: lub ntiajteb
Transliteration: kosmos
Doctrine: General / Cross-cutting
Inherited from Romans package verbatim.
Nations Gentiles
Approved rendering: lwm Haiv Neeg
Transliteration: ethnē
Doctrine: The Church as Pillar of Truth
Inherited from Romans package verbatim. Appears in the Christ-hymn (3:16, ‘proclaimed among the nations’).
Witness
Approved rendering: tus timkhawv
Transliteration: martys
Doctrine: General / Cross-cutting
Inherited from Romans package verbatim. Reused at 2:6 (testimony given at the proper time) and 5:19 (two-or-three-witnesses rule for elders).
Thanksgiving
Approved rendering: ua tsaug
Transliteration: eucharistō
Doctrine: Public Worship and Prayer
Inherited from Romans package verbatim. One component of the fourfold_prayer_vocabulary entry.
Scripture
Approved rendering: Vaj Lug Kub
Transliteration: graphē
Doctrine: Care for Widows and the Household of Faith
Inherited from Romans package verbatim. Cited at 5:18 supporting ministerial wages.
Boasting
Approved rendering: kev khav theeb
Transliteration: kauchēsis
Doctrine: Qualifications for Church Leadership (Elders and Deacons)
Inherited from Romans package verbatim. Root of the ‘puffed up/conceited’ warning against appointing new converts (3:6).
Ashamed
Approved rendering: txaj muag
Transliteration: epaischynomai
Doctrine: Public Worship and Prayer
Inherited from Romans package verbatim. Root concept reused in the modest_apparel entry (2:9).
Creation
Approved rendering: tej uas raug tsim los
Transliteration: ktisis
Doctrine: Godliness and Contentment
Inherited from Romans package verbatim. Grounds the correction of false asceticism at 4:4 (forbidding marriage/foods).
Elder General Sense
Approved rendering: tus laus
Transliteration: presbyteros (general)
Doctrine: Care for Widows and the Household of Faith
NEW ENTRY (5:1, an older man, not the office). Deliberately kept lexically distinct from elder_church_office to preserve Paul’s own wordplay between general and technical senses; never interchanged.
Angels
Approved rendering: cov timtswv saum ntuj
Transliteration: angeloi
Doctrine: The Church as Pillar of Truth
NEW ENTRY (3:16, ‘seen by angels’). Established Hmong Christian usage (‘timtswv’); Hmong traditional cosmology’s spirit-beings (dab) are already a distinct, differentiated category, so no collision.
Trustworthy Saying
Approved rendering: Zaj lus no muaj tseeb thiab tsim nyog ntseeg
Transliteration: pistos ho logos
Doctrine: Guarding the Deposit of Faith
NEW ENTRY. Fixed Pastoral-Epistle formula recurring at 1:15, 3:1, 4:9; must be rendered identically at every occurrence, treated as a structural marker, not free paraphrase.
Snare Of The Devil
Approved rendering: lub vojhlua ntawm tus Ntxwg Nyoog
Transliteration: pagis tou diabolou
Doctrine: Qualifications for Church Leadership (Elders and Deacons)
NEW ENTRY (3:7; 6:9). Stable, reuses the established Hmong Christian term for Satan; no collision.
Satan Devil
Approved rendering: tus Ntxwg Nyoog
Transliteration: Satanas / diabolos
Doctrine: Sound Doctrine versus False Teaching
NEW ENTRY for this book, but reuses the already-established, stable Hmong Christian term for Satan, distinct from ancestor/household spirits (dab); no collision.
Man Of God
Approved rendering: tus neeg ntawm Vajtswv
Transliteration: anthrōpe theou
Doctrine: Godliness and Contentment
NEW ENTRY (6:11). Direct calque, stable, echoing OT prophetic address.
Great Confidence Boldness
Approved rendering: kev txaus siab hais lus tsis ntshai
Transliteration: pollē parrēsia
Doctrine: Qualifications for Church Leadership (Elders and Deacons)
NEW ENTRY (3:13, core passage).
Fourfold Prayer Vocabulary
Approved rendering: kev thov, kev pe hawm thov Vajtswv, kev thov txhawb rau lwm tus, thiab kev ua tsaug
Transliteration: deēseis, proseuchai, enteuxeis, eucharistiai
Doctrine: Public Worship and Prayer
NEW compound term set (2:1). Reuses inherited thanksgiving; standardize wording across all lessons referencing 2:1.
Shipwrecked Regarding Faith
Approved rendering: lawv txoj kev ntseeg puas tas ib yam li lub nkoj poob rau hauv dej
Transliteration: peri tēn pistin enauagēsan
Doctrine: Sound Doctrine versus False Teaching
NEW ENTRY (1:19). Comprehension-level only; a brief explanatory gloss may be needed for audiences unfamiliar with seafaring.
Speculations
Approved rendering: kev sib cav sib nug uas tsis muaj qab hau
Transliteration: ekzētēseis
Doctrine: Sound Doctrine versus False Teaching
NEW ENTRY (1:4).
Vain Discussion
Approved rendering: kev hais lus tsis muaj qab hau
Transliteration: mataiologia
Doctrine: Sound Doctrine versus False Teaching
NEW ENTRY (1:6).
Virtue List Overseer
Approved rendering: tsis muaj chaw thuam, ceev faj, txawj tswj tus kheej, coj tus kheej zoo, hlub thiab txais tos qhua zoo, muaj peevxwm qhia lus tseeb, tsis quav cawv, tsis nyiam ntaus luag, muaj lub siab mos, tsis nyiam sib cav sib ceg, tsis nyiam nyiaj txiag
Transliteration: anepilēmptos, nēphalios, sōphrōn, kosmios, philoxenos, didaktikos, mē paroinos, mē plēktēs, epieikēs, amachos, aphilargyros
Doctrine: Qualifications for Church Leadership (Elders and Deacons)
NEW grouped entry (3:2-3, core passage). Individually stable, low-risk virtue terms; grouped for TM compactness. ‘Not a lover of money’ must be cross-taught with 6:9-10 (love_of_money_root_of_evil).
Modest Apparel
Approved rendering: hnav khaub ncaws tsim txiaj, muaj kev txaj muag thiab txawj tswj tus kheej
Transliteration: katastolē kosmiō meta aidous kai sōphrosynēs
Doctrine: Public Worship and Prayer
NEW ENTRY (2:9). Reuses inherited ashamed (txaj muag) root.
Low-Medium Risk Terms
Mystery
Approved rendering: zaj lus zais cia
Transliteration: mystērion
Doctrine: The Church as Pillar of Truth
Inherited from Romans package verbatim. Combined with new compounds mystery_of_the_faith (3:9) and mystery_of_godliness (3:16).
Contentment
Approved rendering: kev txaus siab rau tej uas muaj
Transliteration: autarkeia
Doctrine: Godliness and Contentment
NEW ENTRY (6:6). No direct traditional-religion collision, but must be distinguished in teaching from fatalistic resignation adjacent to the Romans baseline’s forbidden hmoov framing for election/providence; biblical contentment is active, faith-grounded satisfaction, not passive fate-acceptance.
Church Of The Living God
Approved rendering: pawg ntseeg ntawm Vajtswv uas muaj txoj sia nyob
Transliteration: ekklēsia theou zōntos
Doctrine: The Church as Pillar of Truth
NEW ENTRY (3:15). Implicitly contrasts the true God with lifeless idols (dab mlom); minimal additional risk beyond the idol entry.
Falsely Called Knowledge
Approved rendering: “kev txawj ntse” tiamsis tsis muaj tseeb
Transliteration: pseudōnymos gnōsis
Doctrine: Guarding the Deposit of Faith
NEW ENTRY (6:20). Bookends chapter 1’s myths/genealogies/speculation warnings, forming an inclusio; must be taught with explicit cross-reference to 1:4.
Love Of Money Root Of Evil
Approved rendering: qhov kev nyiam nyiaj txiag yog hauv paus ntawm txhua yam kev phem
Transliteration: philargyria rhiza pantōn tōn kakōn
Doctrine: Godliness and Contentment
Rejected alternatives: rendering with ‘nyiaj txiag’ (money) as grammatical subject rather than ‘kev nyiam’ (the loving of) — FORBIDDEN, produces a false anti-wealth doctrine
NEW ENTRY (6:10). Must retain ‘kev nyiam’ as subject in every rendering.
Good Standing
Approved rendering: ib theem koob meej zoo
Transliteration: bathmos kalos
Doctrine: Qualifications for Church Leadership (Elders and Deacons)
Rejected alternatives: framing as merit toward salvation — FORBIDDEN, would collide with the Critical Grace/Justification doctrines
NEW ENTRY (3:13, core passage). Must be framed strictly as ministry reputation/honor, never salvific merit.
Household Management
Approved rendering: kav tau nws tsev neeg zoo
Transliteration: tou idiou oikou kalōs proistamenos
Doctrine: Qualifications for Church Leadership (Elders and Deacons)
NEW ENTRY (3:4-5, 3:12, core passage). Positive bridge to Hmong household-headship values; must be kept distinct from, though intentionally parallel to, household_of_god.
Morbid Craving For Controversy
Approved rendering: muaj mob kev nyiam sib cav txog lo lus tsis tseem ceeb
Transliteration: nosōn peri zētēseis kai logomachias
Doctrine: Sound Doctrine versus False Teaching
NEW ENTRY (6:4). Echoes chapter 1’s speculations entry, reinforcing the sound/healthy-teaching metaphor.
Virtue List Deacon
Approved rendering: muaj kev hwm, tsis hais ob lo lus, tsis quav cawv ntau, tsis nyiam tau nyiaj txiag los ntawm txoj kev txhaum
Transliteration: semnos, mē dilogos, mē oinō pollō prosechōn, mē aischrokerdēs
Doctrine: Qualifications for Church Leadership (Elders and Deacons)
NEW grouped entry (3:8, core passage). ‘Muaj kev hwm’ shares the hwm-root flag with godliness; object here is the deacon’s own dignity, doctrinally safe but requires consistent cross-book teaching.
Medium-High Risk Terms
Overseer Bishop
Approved rendering: tus saib xyuas pawg ntseeg
Transliteration: episkopos
Doctrine: Qualifications for Church Leadership (Elders and Deacons)
Rejected alternatives: tus kav zos (secular clan/village headman) — rejected, would collapse spiritual oversight into secular political headship, txiv neeb-adjacent leadership vocabulary — FORBIDDEN, would conflate spiritual shepherding with shamanic power
NEW ENTRY. Core-passage office term (3:1-2). Comprehension-level distinction from secular/clan headship and shamanic leadership models required; not a direct lexical collision but doctrinally significant given the office’s centrality.
Widow Indeed
Approved rendering: tus poj ntsuam tiag tiag
Transliteration: ontōs chēra
Doctrine: Care for Widows and the Household of Faith
NEW ENTRY (5:3-5). The chapter’s assumption (family bears primary responsibility; church supports only those with no such recourse) sits alongside, but does not map cleanly onto, Hmong clan-based widow care, including levirate remarriage custom (kev yuav tij yuav kwv). MANDATORY pastoral teaching note situating this category within, not against, existing Hmong clan-care structures.
Guard The Deposit
Approved rendering: tsom kwm zoo yam ntseeg uas muab cia rau koj lawm
Transliteration: tēn parathēkēn phylaxon
Doctrine: Guarding the Deposit of Faith
Rejected alternatives: treating the deposit as negotiable, evolving, or locally-adaptable tradition — FORBIDDEN, treating the deposit as a quasi-magical object requiring ritual protection — FORBIDDEN
NEW ENTRY (6:20). Central term of a named doctrine. Positive economic-legal bridge via the Hmong debt/trust-holding custom, parallel to the inherited redemption bridge, but requires a firm teaching note at every occurrence that the deposit is fixed, apostolic, unalterable content, explicitly contrasted with falsely_called_knowledge.
Delivered To Satan
Approved rendering: muab tso rau hauv tus Ntxwg Nyoog txhais tes
Transliteration: paredōka tō Satana
Doctrine: Sound Doctrine versus False Teaching
Rejected alternatives: any phrasing resembling shamanic curse-invocation (foo) — FORBIDDEN, would wrongly cast the church as wielding independent spiritual power to harm
NEW ENTRY (1:20). Must be explicitly taught as a formal, corrective church-discipline act under God’s ultimate sovereignty, never framed as the church exercising independent cursing power.