Core Glossary
Obadiah — Phase 1 Core Glossary (Hmong Language Package)
Status: Companion glossary to analysis/07_semantic_analysis.md. Every term below citing a Romans baseline entry reuses that entry’s translation field exactly, character-for-character, per the PRD’s inheritance rule. New terms (no prior TM entry) are logged with a proposed rendering and flagged for TM-revision review before permanent adoption, per 12_ai_translation_requirements.md §2 rule 4. Risk-tier definitions follow assets/bible_term_registry.json’s registry_metadata.risk_tier_definitions exactly (Critical / High / Medium / Low).
A. Divine Names, Titles, and Persons
| Term (English) | Hebrew | Translit. | Hmong Rendering | Risk | Doctrine(s) | Verses | Status / Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| LORD (YHWH) | יְהוָה | YHWH | tus Tswv | Low | 2, 4 | 1(×2),4,8,9,15,18,21 | Reused exactly from Romans baseline #2 (“Lord,” kyrios). Extends baseline’s forbidden-substitution rule (no “Yehauvas”-style transliteration) to direct OT Hebrew text. |
| Lord GOD (Adonai YHWH) | אֲדֹנָי יְהוִה | Adonai YHWH | tus Tswv Vajtswv | Medium | 1, 2 | 1 | New compound, built from two exact baseline strings (tus Tswv + Vajtswv, #1–#2). Logged for TM-revision review. |
| Vision | חָזוֹן | chazon | zaj yog toog | High | 2 | 1 | New term. Collision risk: shamanic trance-vision (txiv neeb) framework. Must anchor as revelation from tus Tswv. |
| Obadiah (name) | עֹבַדְיָה | Ovadyah | Aunpadiyas (proposed) | Low-Medium | — | 1 | [TRANSLATOR REVIEW NEEDED] proper noun; meaning “servant of YHWH” worth a teaching note (humility vs. Edom’s pride). |
| Saviors / deliverers | מוֹשִׁיעִים | moshi’im | cov uas cawm | High | 3, 4 | 21 | Inherits Romans baseline #63 (kev cawm dim / cawm) risk family. Must be anchored to tus Tswv’s empowering agency; never conflated with Christ’s unique Savior title. |
B. Peoples, Places, and Proper Nouns
| Term (English) | Hebrew | Translit. | Hmong Rendering | Risk | Verses | Status / Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nations (all) | הַגּוֹיִם | ha-goyim | lwm Haiv Neeg | Medium | 1,2,15,16 | Reused from Romans baseline #19. Context shift flagged: universal totality here, not Jew/Gentile binary. |
| Edom | אֱדוֹם | Edom | Edoos (proposed) | Low | 1,8 | [TRANSLATOR REVIEW NEEDED] |
| Esau / Mount Esau | עֵשָׂו / הַר עֵשָׂו | Esav / Har Esav | Exaus / Roob Exaus (proposed) | Low | 6,8,9,18,19,21 | [TRANSLATOR REVIEW NEEDED] |
| Jacob / house of Jacob | יַעֲקֹב / בֵּית יַעֲקֹב | Ya’aqov | Yakhauj / tsev neeg Yakhauj (proposed) | Low | 10,17,18 | [TRANSLATOR REVIEW NEEDED]; cross-reference Rom 9:13 (Jacob/Esau quotation). |
| Joseph / house of Joseph | יוֹסֵף | Yosef | Yauxej (proposed) | Low | 18 | [TRANSLATOR REVIEW NEEDED] |
| Mount Zion | הַר צִיּוֹן | Har Tsiyon | Roob Xi-oos (proposed) | Low-Medium | 17,21 | [TRANSLATOR REVIEW NEEDED]; theological counterpoint to Mount Esau. |
| Jerusalem | יְרוּשָׁלַםִ | Yerushalayim | Yeluxalees (proposed, existing Hmong Bible convention) | Low | 11,20 | Confirm against published Hmong OT. |
| Teman | תֵּימָן | Teman | Temas (proposed) | Low | 9 | [TRANSLATOR REVIEW NEEDED] |
| Negeb / Shephelah / Philistines / Ephraim / Samaria / Benjamin / Gilead / Canaan / Zarephath / Sepharad | (various) | — | (proposed transliterations) | Low | 19,20 | All [TRANSLATOR REVIEW NEEDED]; comprehension-level only, no doctrinal collision. |
| Strangers / foreigners (invading armies) | נָכְרִים / זָרִים | nokhrim / zarim | lwm haiv neeg txawv tebchaws | Medium | 11 | Distinct from, must not merge with, lwm Haiv Neeg (#19 above). |
C. Judgment, Violence, and Pride Vocabulary
| Term (English) | Hebrew | Translit. | Hmong Rendering | Risk | Doctrine | Verses | Status / Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Day of the LORD | יוֹם־יְהוָה | yom YHWH | Hnub ntawm tus Tswv | CRITICAL | 2 | 15 | New. Collides with Hmong auspicious/inauspicious-day divination (hnub zoo/hnub phem); structurally parallel to baseline’s hmoov/election Critical collision (#54). Never render as a fatalistic omen-date. |
| Pride (of heart) | זָדוֹן לֵב | zadon lev | kev khav theeb ntawm lub siab | High | 1 | 3 | New, extends baseline’s kev khav theeb (#39, boasting, Low) root; distinct from mere social boastfulness — this is covenantal self-exaltation against God. |
| Violence | חָמָס | chamas | kev nruj kev tsiv | High | 1 | 10 | New. Risk of under-translation as ordinary family dispute rather than grave covenantal betrayal/genocide-adjacent complicity. |
| Brother | אָח | ach | kwv tij | Medium | 1 | 10, 12 | Positive cultural resonance (strong Hmong clan-kinship term intensifies rather than softens the betrayal); requires teaching note on scope (Jacob/Esau, cf. Rom 9:13). |
| Shame | בּוּשָׁה | bushah | txaj muag | Low | 1 | 10 | Reused exactly from Romans baseline #76. |
| Cut off (covenant-curse idiom) | כָּרַת | karat | txiav tu | Medium-High | 1 | 9,10,14 | Recurring covenant-severance formula; render identically at every occurrence. |
| Casting lots (over Jerusalem) | גּוֹרָל | goral | rho ntawv | High | 1, 3 | 11 | New. Collides with present-day Hmong divinatory lot-casting practice; must frame as condemned pagan plunder-practice, not endorsed technique. |
| My people (divine possessive) | עַמִּי | ammi | kuv haiv neeg | High | 1 | 13 | The first-person possessive must never be dropped; grounds “violence against God’s people.” |
| Calamity / disaster | אֵיד | ed | kev puas tsuaj | Medium | 1, 3 | 12(×3),13(×3) | Reuses baseline #49 root; render with strict lexical consistency across all six occurrences (deliberate rhetorical repetition). |
| Slaughter | הֲרֵגָה | haregah | kev tua neeg | Medium | 1 | 9 | Graphic; must not be softened. |
| Boast | הִגְדִּיל פֶּה | higdil peh | kev khav theeb | Low | 1 | 12 | Reused exactly from Romans baseline #39. |
| Handed over (to an enemy) | הִסְגִּיר | hisgir | muab cob rau | Medium | 1 | 14 | Betrayal-register verb, heavier than neutral “give.” |
| Stood aloof (complicit bystanding) | עמד מנגד | amad minegged | sawv deb ntawm | Medium | 1 | 11 | Passive complicity is itself culpable; teaching note required. |
D. Salvation, Deliverance, and Restoration Vocabulary
| Term (English) | Hebrew | Translit. | Hmong Rendering | Risk | Doctrine | Verses | Status / Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Fugitives (condemned) | פָּלִיט | palit | cov khiav tawg rog | High | 1, 3 | 14 | Root shared with peletah (below); condemned counterpart of the promise in v. 17. Inherits baseline #63 risk family. |
| Those who escape / deliverance (promised) | פְּלֵיטָה | peletah | kev cawm dim / cov uas dim | High | 3 | 17 | Reuses baseline #63 exactly (kev cawm dim / cawm). Theological hinge of the book — reversal of v. 14’s palit. Must always anchor explicitly to tus Tswv. |
| Survivor (negated for Esau) | שָׂרִיד | sarid | tus seem (negated: tsis muaj ib tug seem li) | Medium | 3 | 14, 18 | Reuses baseline #57 cov seem root; deliberate contrast with peletah — Esau has none, Zion’s remnant has peletah. |
| Possess / inherit (land) | יָרַשׁ | yarash | yuav tau ua...qub txeeg qub teg | Low-Medium | 4 | 17,19,20 | Connects to baseline #52 tus qub txeeg qub teg (heir); positive lineage-inheritance bridge; must clarify divine grant, not conquest-merit. |
| Possessions / inheritance | מוֹרָשָׁה | morashah | qub txeeg qub teg | Low-Medium | 4 | 17 | Paired noun form of yarash above. |
| Exile(s) | גָּלוּת | galut | cov raug muab coj mus lawm | Medium | 3, 4 | 20 | Comprehension-level; strong positive pastoral-resonance opportunity (Hmong post-1975 diaspora experience). |
| Kingdom (the LORD’s) | מְלוּכָה | melukhah | lub Nceeg Vaj (predicate: ...yuav ua tus Tswv tug) | Medium | 4 | 21 | Reuses baseline #68 lub Nceeg Vaj ntawm Vajtswv (Low); syntax adapted to possessive-predicate form for climactic force. |
| Judge / govern | שָׁפַט | shaphat | txiav txim | Low-Medium | 1, 3 | 21 | Village-court legal-idiom register, comparable to baseline #49. |
E. Holiness, Sacrifice, and Comprehension-Level Imagery
| Term (English) | Hebrew | Translit. | Hmong Rendering | Risk | Doctrine | Verses | Status / Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Holy (mountain) | קֹדֶשׁ | qodesh | dawb huv | High | 2, 3 | 16, 17 | Reused/inherited risk from Romans baseline #46 (sanctification). Ritual-purity collision; must teach as God’s own consecrated dwelling, not taboo-space. |
| Drink (cup of judgment) | שָׁתָה | shatah | haus | Medium-High | 2 | 16 | Comprehension gap (no native Hmong “cup of judgment” idiom), not a collision; needs first-occurrence explanatory note. |
| Fire / flame | אֵשׁ / לֶהָבָה | esh / lehavah | hluav taws / nplaim taws | Low | 4 | 18 | Stable. |
| Stubble | קַשׁ | qash | pawg nyab qhuav | Low | 4 | 18 | Agrarian image, accessible (cf. baseline firstfruits entry). |
| Consume / devour | אָכַל | akal | noj | Low | 4 | 18 | Positive figurative bridge (hluav taws noj is a natural existing Hmong idiom). |
| Recompense / lex talionis | גְּמֻל / כַּאֲשֶׁר עָשִׂיתָ יֵעָשֶׂה לָּךְ | gemul | tej uas koj tau ua / raws li koj tau ua... | High | 3 | 15 | Strong folk-proverb resonance risks depersonalizing divine agency into impersonal karma; must preserve personal judicial agency. |
F. Directly Reused Romans Baseline Terms (Exact-String Cross-Reference)
The following Romans TM entries are reused verbatim in Obadiah content per the inheritance mandate; no alternate gloss may be substituted for any of them:
| Baseline ID | English | Hmong (exact) | Reused for Obadiah concept | Verses |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| #2 | Lord | tus Tswv | YHWH throughout | 1,4,8,9,15,18,21 |
| #1 | God | Vajtswv | component of tus Tswv Vajtswv (Adonai YHWH) | 1 |
| #19 | Nations/Gentiles | lwm Haiv Neeg | ”all the nations” | 1,2,15,16 |
| #22 | (merism) wise/unwise | cov txawj ntse (component) | “wise men of Edom” | 8 |
| #39 | Boasting | kev khav theeb | ”boast” / (extended) “pride of heart” | 3, 12 |
| #46 | Sanctification (dawb huv root) | dawb huv | ”holy [mountain]“ | 16, 17 |
| #47 | Eternal life (root) | nyob mus ib txhis | ”cut off forever” (negated contrast) | 10 |
| #49 | No condemnation (root) | kev raug txiav txim rau kev puas tsuaj | ”calamity” | 12,13; “judge” 21 |
| #52 | Heir | tus qub txeeg qub teg | ”possess/inherit” | 17,19,20 |
| #57 | Remnant | cov seem | ”survivor” (contrastive) | 14, 18 |
| #63 | Salvation/Save | kev cawm dim / cawm | ”those who escape” / “fugitives” / “saviors” | 14, 17, 21 |
| #68 | Kingdom of God | lub Nceeg Vaj ntawm Vajtswv | ”the kingdom shall be the LORD’s” | 21 |
| #76 | Ashamed | txaj muag | ”shame” | 10 |
G. Summary Risk Distribution
- Critical: 1 term (Day of the LORD)
- High: 10 terms (Vision; Pride of heart; Violence; Casting lots; My people; Saviors; Peletah/escape; Palit/fugitives [condemned]; Holy [mountain]; Recompense/lex talionis)
- Medium: 14 terms
- Low / Low-Medium: remainder (primarily proper nouns and stable comprehension-level imagery)
All Critical- and High-risk entries above require human theologian review before publication, consistent with the routing rule inherited from assets/doctrine_risk_registry.json.
Critical Risk Terms
Day Of The Lord
Approved rendering: Hnub ntawm tus Tswv
Transliteration: yom YHWH
Doctrine: The Day of the Lord for All Nations
Rejected alternatives: any hnub zoo/hnub phem (auspicious/inauspicious day) divinatory-calendar vocabulary or logic — PERMANENTLY FORBIDDEN, collapses God’s sovereign, moral, universal day of reckoning into a fatalistic omen-date
NEW ENTRY — SINGLE HIGHEST-PRIORITY TERM IN THIS LANGUAGE PACKAGE. Obadiah 1:15, the core passage’s opening and controlling phrase. Structurally identical collision to the Romans baseline’s Critical hmoov/election collision (#54): Hmong traditional cosmology retains a strong, LIVE practice of consulting auspicious/inauspicious days (hnub zoo/hnub phem) for weddings, funerals, burial timing, and major undertakings, calculated by fate/omen logic. Must never be abbreviated to bare ‘hnub’ even in space-constrained contexts (titles, quiz options) — mirrors the structural-qualifier-enforcement pattern for ‘hwjchim’ and ‘Txoj Kevcai’ in the Romans baseline. Must always be taught/anchored as God’s own appointed, morally-charged, once-for-all day of judgment and salvation, never a calculated auspicious date.
High Risk Terms
Sanctification Holiness Root
Approved rendering: dawb huv
Transliteration: hagiasmos (Gk. continuity term); qodesh (Heb.)
Doctrine: God’s Justice for the Oppressed
Rejected alternatives: treating dawb huv as a repeatable ritual-cleansing state — rejected
Inherited from Romans package (there: anthropological/progressive moral-transformation sense). SENSE-SHIFT FLAG for Obadiah 1:16-17: here the referent is SPATIAL/COVENANTAL — God’s own consecrated dwelling-place, Mount Zion — not the person-holiness sense central to Romans 6. Must be taught as God’s chosen covenant center, never as taboo-space requiring ritual cleansing from spirit-contamination (the folk dawb huv sense). Curriculum content bridging both books must explicitly flag this sense-shift, never assume automatic transfer of the Romans teaching note.
Salvation Save
Approved rendering: kev cawm dim / cawm
Transliteration: sōtēria/sōzō (Gk. continuity term); yasha/palat root (Heb.)
Doctrine: God’s Justice for the Oppressed
Rejected alternatives: unanchored ‘dim’ (escape) parallel to shamanic ua neeb soul-rescue — rejected without explicit tus Tswv-anchoring
Inherited from Romans package (there: anchored to Yexus Khetos as sole agent). For Obadiah, this exact string is reused for the OT root of the identical deliverance concept (1:17, peletah, ‘those who escape’), anchored instead to tus Tswv as sole agent, establishing OT-NT continuity that Phase 2 NT material completes by anchoring the same root to Yexus Khetos. This is the theological hinge of the entire book — the same root condemned at 1:14 (palit, fugitives Edom cut off) is reversed here into the promise. Must always carry the explicit tus Tswv agency anchor; never left as an autonomous or ritual-technique escape.
Vision Prophetic
Approved rendering: zaj yog toog
Transliteration: chazon
Doctrine: The Day of the Lord for All Nations
Rejected alternatives: framing the vision as a technique the prophet performs or obtains — rejected
NEW ENTRY. Obadiah 1:1’s opening word. Collides with Hmong shamanic (txiv neeb) trance-journey visions received while negotiating with the spirit world. Must always be anchored explicitly as revelation GIVEN BY tus Tswv to His messenger, never as a spirit-journey technique the prophet performs or obtains through ritual means.
Saviors Deliverers
Approved rendering: cov uas cawm
Transliteration: moshi’im
Doctrine: God’s Justice for the Oppressed
Rejected alternatives: framing as autonomous human heroes — rejected, conflating with Christ’s unique Savior title (Yexus Khetos) — rejected
NEW ENTRY. Obadiah 1:21. Inherits the Romans baseline’s High-risk kev cawm dim/cawm risk family. Must be explicitly taught as human agents empowered by and acting under tus Tswv’s authority — never autonomous rescuers analogous to a txiv neeb (shaman), and never conflated with Yexus Khetos’s unique, ultimate Savior title established in the Romans package.
Pride Of Heart
Approved rendering: kev khav theeb ntawm lub siab
Transliteration: zadon lev
Doctrine: Judgment on Pride and Violence against God’s People
Rejected alternatives: bare ‘kev khav theeb’ with the modifier dropped — FORBIDDEN for this referent, collapses covenantal self-exaltation against God into ordinary social vanity
NEW ENTRY. Obadiah 1:3. Extends the Romans baseline’s kev khav theeb (boasting) root but is doctrinally heavier: this denotes covenantal rebellion against God’s sovereign purposes, not mere personal conceit. Hmong culture already shames overt social boastfulness (partial positive resonance), which risks under-translating this term as ordinary vanity. The modifier ‘ntawm lub siab’ is STRUCTURALLY MANDATORY at every occurrence describing Edom’s foundational interior disposition; never drop to the bare form for this referent.
Violence Chamas
Approved rendering: kev nruj kev tsiv
Transliteration: chamas
Doctrine: Judgment on Pride and Violence against God’s People
Rejected alternatives: minimization as an ordinary resolvable intra-family/clan quarrel — rejected
NEW ENTRY. Obadiah 1:10. The specific national charge against Edom naming both halves of Doctrine 1 (pride and violence) together. Not an animism collision but a serious under-translation risk: Hmong clan culture could minimize ‘violence against a brother-nation’ as an ordinary intra-family dispute rather than the grave, genocide-adjacent, covenant-breaking betrayal (standing by at Jerusalem’s fall, handing over refugees) Obadiah actually describes. Requires explicit teaching of national-covenantal, not merely interpersonal, severity.
Casting Lots
Approved rendering: rho ntawv
Transliteration: goral
Doctrine: Judgment on Pride and Violence against God’s People
Rejected alternatives: presenting lot-casting neutrally or without condemnation-framing — FORBIDDEN, risks tacit endorsement of a live divinatory practice
NEW ENTRY. Obadiah 1:11. Unlike most High-risk items in this book, this is a LIVE, currently-practiced Hmong divinatory technique (fortune-determination by lot), not merely a historical-cultural analogue. Must always be framed explicitly as part of the pagan invading armies’ condemned wicked plunder of Jerusalem, never read as endorsing lot-casting as a legitimate spiritual practice.
My People Divine Possessive
Approved rendering: kuv haiv neeg
Transliteration: ammi
Doctrine: Judgment on Pride and Violence against God’s People
Rejected alternatives: bare, unpossessed ‘the people’ — FORBIDDEN, severs violence-against-Judah from violence-against-God
NEW ENTRY. Obadiah 1:13. God’s own first-person possessive claim over Judah. Directly grounds the ‘against God’s people’ half of Doctrine 1: violence against Judah is violence against God’s own possession, not merely an ordinary international crime. The first-person possessive must NEVER be dropped or diluted.
Recompense Lex Talionis
Approved rendering: tej uas koj tau ua / raws li koj tau ua li cas, yuav muab ua rau koj ib yam li ntawd
Transliteration: gemul / ka’asher asita ye’aseh lakh
Doctrine: God’s Justice for the Oppressed
Rejected alternatives: free-standing proverb form with tus Tswv as grammatical agent omitted — rejected, risks assimilation to impersonal Hmong folk-moral proverb (‘ua phem tau phem, ua zoo tau zoo’) or Buddhist karmic idiom
NEW ENTRY. Obadiah 1:15, the measure-for-measure retribution formula opening the core passage. Strong folk-proverb resonance (a genuine cultural bridge) is also its chief danger: without deliberate personal-agency anchoring to tus Tswv in every clause, this collapses divine judgment into an impersonal, automatic cosmic mechanism rather than a sovereign Judge’s willed verdict. Requires the same preserve-personal-divine-agency strategy already established for the Romans baseline’s election/hmoov collision family.
Fugitives Condemned
Approved rendering: cov khiav tawg rog
Transliteration: palit
Doctrine: God’s Justice for the Oppressed
Rejected alternatives: reuse of the positive ‘kev cawm dim’ phrase for this condemned referent — FORBIDDEN, would erase the deliberate judgment/promise antithesis with v.17
NEW ENTRY. Obadiah 1:14. Jacob’s refugees, whom Edom is charged with cutting off and handing over. Root shared with ‘those_who_escape_promised’ (peletah); this is the CONDEMNED counterpart of the promise later reversed at 1:17. Inherits the salvation_save risk family since it belongs to the same root. FIRST member of the book’s most crowded semantic cluster (see also saviors_deliverers and those_who_escape_promised); all three must be kept referentially distinct even though lexically related.
Those Who Escape Promised
Approved rendering: kev cawm dim / cov uas dim
Transliteration: peletah
Doctrine: God’s Justice for the Oppressed
Rejected alternatives: autonomous or ritual-technique escape framing — FORBIDDEN, must always anchor to tus Tswv as sole agent
NEW ENTRY. Obadiah 1:17, THE THEOLOGICAL HINGE OF THE ENTIRE BOOK. Reuses the salvation_save entry (kev cawm dim / cawm) exactly, since this is the OT root of the identical deliverance concept Paul later develops with the same ‘dim’ (escape) verb. Deliberately reverses ‘fugitives_condemned’ (palit, v.14): the exact same root condemned when Edom cuts off Jacob’s fugitives becomes, here, the nucleus of the restored covenant community on Zion. Must always carry the mandatory anchor to tus Tswv as sole agent.
Medium Risk Terms
Nations Gentiles
Approved rendering: lwm Haiv Neeg
Transliteration: ethnē (NT continuity term; Heb. equivalent goyim)
Doctrine: The Day of the Lord for All Nations
Inherited from Romans package (there: Low risk, contrastive against cov Yudas). CONTEXT-SHIFT FLAG for Obadiah: in 1:1-2 and 1:15-16 this phrase must communicate comprehensive, undifferentiated totality (‘every nation without exception’), not the Jew/Gentile binary it carries in Romans. Risk raised to Medium for this book; every occurrence in Obadiah 1:15-16 should carry an explicit universality gloss (e.g., ‘txhua haiv neeg, tsis muaj ib haiv twg dim’) to force the totality reading.
No Condemnation Root
Approved rendering: kev raug txiav txim rau kev puas tsuaj
Transliteration: katakrima (Gk. continuity term); ed (Heb., calamity/disaster)
Doctrine: Judgment on Pride and Violence against God’s People
Inherited root from Romans package’s legal-idiom bridge (village-court judgment concept). Reused in Obadiah 1:12-13 for the heavily repeated (‘ed,’ calamity/disaster/ruin, six occurrences) sevenfold-prohibition unit. This deliberate rhetorical repetition must be rendered with strict lexical consistency at every occurrence, per baseline register-consistency principle.
Remnant
Approved rendering: cov seem
Transliteration: hypoleimma/leimma (Gk. continuity term); sarid (Heb.)
Doctrine: God’s Justice for the Oppressed
Inherited from Romans package (there: Low risk, stable). RISK RAISED to Medium for Obadiah: this root is reused cautiously and in NEGATED form (‘tsis muaj ib tug seem li,’ ‘not even one remaining’) for Esau’s total non-survival (1:14, 18), in deliberate literary-theological antithesis to Zion’s preserved peletah (see ‘those_who_escape_promised’ below). This contrast is load-bearing and must never be flattened into synonymous, undifferentiated ‘leftover’ vocabulary — see also the distinct ‘grape-gatherers gleanings’ entry, a THIRD member of this crowded semantic neighborhood.
Kingdom Of God
Approved rendering: lub Nceeg Vaj ntawm Vajtswv
Transliteration: basileia tou theou (Gk. continuity term); melukhah (Heb.)
Doctrine: The Kingdom’s Ultimate Belonging to the Lord
Inherited from Romans package (there: Low risk, static noun-phrase label). SYNTAX-ADAPTATION FLAG for Obadiah 1:21: the book’s climax requires a POSSESSIVE-PREDICATE construction — ‘thiab lub Nceeg Vaj yuav ua tus Tswv tug’ (‘and the kingdom SHALL BE the LORD’s’) — not the static noun-phrase form, in order to preserve the rhetorical force of this verse as the direct answer to Edom’s boast in 1:3 (‘who will bring me down?’). Risk raised to Medium for this book because the syntax adaptation itself, if silently normalized back to the static form, flattens the book’s decisive climax.
Adonai Yhwh Compound
Approved rendering: tus Tswv Vajtswv
Transliteration: Adonai YHWH
Doctrine: General / Cross-cutting
Rejected alternatives: transliterated loanword for either divine title component — rejected, same forbidden-substitution rule as ‘lord’ entry
NEW ENTRY (compound). Built entirely from two already-fixed baseline strings (‘tus Tswv’ + ‘Vajtswv’). Opens the book’s superscription (1:1), ‘Sovereign Master, YHWH.’ No new lexical risk introduced by the compound itself, but logged for formal TM-revision review before permanent adoption per governing requirements §2 rule 4, since this is the first compound of its kind in the Hmong pipeline.
Messenger Herald
Approved rendering: tub txib
Transliteration: mal’akh
Doctrine: The Day of the Lord for All Nations
NEW ENTRY. Shares its root with the Romans baseline’s ‘tus Tub Txib’ (apostle, #9, Medium). Obadiah 1:1’s war-summons herald is a general envoy, not necessarily angelic and not the NT apostolic office; context must clarify this distinction to prevent conceptual bleed-through from the apostolic-office sense.
Strangers Foreigners Invading
Approved rendering: lwm haiv neeg txawv tebchaws
Transliteration: nokhrim / zarim
Doctrine: Judgment on Pride and Violence against God’s People
NEW ENTRY. Obadiah 1:11, the invading armies who plundered Jerusalem while Edom stood by. Distinct from, and must not be merged with, ‘nations_gentiles’ (lwm Haiv Neeg), which carries covenant-theology freight; here the referent is simply invading foreign armies.
Brother Kinship
Approved rendering: kwv tij
Transliteration: ach
Doctrine: Judgment on Pride and Violence against God’s People
NEW ENTRY. Obadiah 1:10, 12. Genuine POSITIVE cultural bridge: Hmong kwv tij (patrilineal clan-brother) betrayal is regarded as maximally shameful, intensifying rather than softening the doctrinal force. Requires a teaching note on scope (Jacob/Esau ethnic-national kinship, not literal patrilineal clan), cross-referenced with Romans 9:13’s Jacob/Esau citation.
Calamity Disaster
Approved rendering: kev puas tsuaj
Transliteration: ed
Doctrine: Judgment on Pride and Violence against God’s People
NEW ENTRY. Obadiah 1:12 (x3), 1:13 (x3). Repeated intensively across the sevenfold-prohibition unit. Reuses the root of the Romans baseline’s no-condemnation entry. Must be rendered with strict lexical consistency at every one of the six occurrences, since the deliberate repetition is itself a rhetorical/legal-indictment device.
Slaughter
Approved rendering: kev tua neeg
Transliteration: haregah
Doctrine: Judgment on Pride and Violence against God’s People
Rejected alternatives: euphemistic softening — rejected
NEW ENTRY. Obadiah 1:9. Mass killing decreed against Esau’s mighty warriors. Graphic judgment vocabulary; must not be softened.
Handed Over Betrayal
Approved rendering: muab cob rau
Transliteration: hisgir
Doctrine: Judgment on Pride and Violence against God’s People
Rejected alternatives: neutral ‘give’ — rejected, loses treachery weight
NEW ENTRY. Obadiah 1:14. To deliver up kin-refugees to an enemy for death; a betrayal-register verb distinctly heavier than a neutral ‘give.‘
Stood Aloof Complicit
Approved rendering: sawv deb ntawm
Transliteration: amad minegged
Doctrine: God’s Justice for the Oppressed
Rejected alternatives: treating non-intervention as morally neutral — rejected, contradicts the doctrine’s claim that passive complicity is itself culpable
NEW ENTRY. Obadiah 1:11. Standing on the sidelines while Jerusalem fell. IMPORTANT DOCTRINAL NUANCE: because non-intervention in another clan’s affairs is often the prudent, expected posture in Hmong social custom, this term’s doctrinal claim runs directly against a default cultural instinct — a mandatory teaching note is required stating that God counts non-intervention as guilt, belonging to the same charge-list as active violence.
Gloat Gaze Satisfaction
Approved rendering: zoo siab saib
Transliteration: ra’ah be
Doctrine: Judgment on Pride and Violence against God’s People
NEW ENTRY. Obadiah 1:12. To look upon another’s misfortune with malicious pleasure, prohibited toward Judah’s calamity. Comprehension-level idiom construction; must preserve the malicious-pleasure sense distinct from neutral observation.
Trap Disputed Lexeme
Approved rendering: chaw dhia rau
Transliteration: mazor
Doctrine: Judgment on Pride and Violence against God’s People
NEW ENTRY. Obadiah 1:7. [TRANSLATOR REVIEW NEEDED: obscure Hebrew term, disputed rendering in scholarship — possibly ‘trap’ or ‘wound’]. The ambiguity originates in Hebrew lexicography itself, not the Hmong side; do not resolve unilaterally at Phase 1/2.
Covenant Allies Men Of Covenant
Approved rendering: cov nrog koj cog lus sib raug zoo
Transliteration: anshei veritekha
Doctrine: Judgment on Pride and Violence against God’s People
Rejected alternatives: reuse of baseline ‘lus cog tseg’ (promise, reserved for God’s covenant pledge) — rejected, would confuse human political alliance with divine-promise vocabulary
NEW ENTRY. Obadiah 1:7. Edom’s political treaty-allies who betrayed her; comprehension-level distinction required from the Romans baseline’s divine-promise term.
As Though Never Been
Approved rendering: yuav zoo li tsis tau muaj lawv li
Transliteration: vehayu keloh hayu
Doctrine: The Day of the Lord for All Nations
Rejected alternatives: softened/partial-erasure phrasing — rejected
NEW ENTRY. Obadiah 1:16, core passage. Idiom of total erasure from history/existence describing the nations’ fate under the Day of the LORD. Must preserve the totality of judgment against any softening drift.
Survivor Contrastive
Approved rendering: tus seem (negated: tsis muaj ib tug seem li)
Transliteration: sarid
Doctrine: God’s Justice for the Oppressed
Rejected alternatives: flattening into the same vocabulary as ‘remnant’ (cov seem) without the negation and contrast marked — rejected, erases the deliberate literary-theological antithesis
NEW ENTRY. Obadiah 1:14, 18. A remaining survivor; deliberately NEGATED for the house of Esau (‘no survivor’), in direct antithesis to Zion’s preserved peletah. The structural judgment/salvation contrast (Esau has no sarid; Zion has peletah) is load-bearing and must be preserved, not flattened into synonymous vocabulary with ‘remnant’ or ‘gleanings.‘
Exile
Approved rendering: cov raug muab coj mus lawm
Transliteration: galut
Doctrine: The Kingdom’s Ultimate Belonging to the Lord
NEW ENTRY. Obadiah 1:20. The deported/scattered covenant population, whose restoring possession of land is promised even after their own prior judgment. Comprehension-level, and a notable POSITIVE PASTORAL-RESONANCE OPPORTUNITY: this term maps powerfully onto the lived Hmong historical experience of displacement and refugee exile (post-1975 diaspora) — worth deliberate use in teaching notes, not merely a collision to guard against.
Kingdom The Lords Predicate
Approved rendering: thiab lub Nceeg Vaj yuav ua tus Tswv tug
Transliteration: melukhah
Doctrine: The Kingdom’s Ultimate Belonging to the Lord
Rejected alternatives: static noun-phrase form ‘lub Nceeg Vaj ntawm Vajtswv’ alone, without the possessive-predicate adaptation — rejected for this specific verse, flattens the climactic ownership-assertion
NEW ENTRY (syntax-critical). Obadiah 1:21, the book’s climactic thesis. See ‘kingdom_of_god’ entry above for the full cross-reference; this entry exists separately to flag that the PREDICATE form is mandatory specifically at 1:21, directly answering Edom’s boast in 1:3 (‘who will bring me down?’). Never collapse to the bare noun-phrase label in this specific verse.
Low Risk Terms
God
Approved rendering: Vajtswv
Transliteration: theos (NT continuity term; Heb. equivalent Elohim not directly lexicalized in Obadiah)
Doctrine: General / Cross-cutting
Rejected alternatives: Ntuj (impersonal sky/heaven) — rejected, lacks personal deity sense, dab (spirit) — rejected, denotes false/lesser spirit
Inherited from Romans package. Used as the second component of the new compound ‘tus Tswv Vajtswv’ (Adonai YHWH, Obadiah 1:1).
Lord
Approved rendering: tus Tswv
Transliteration: kyrios (NT continuity term; Heb. equivalent YHWH)
Doctrine: General / Cross-cutting
Rejected alternatives: Yehauvas-style transliteration — PERMANENTLY FORBIDDEN, sectarian (NWT) divine-name substitution pattern
Inherited from Romans package. This document formally EXTENDS this entry’s forbidden-substitution rule to direct Hebrew Masoretic text, not merely NT quotations of the OT: every occurrence of YHWH in Obadiah (1:1[x2], 4, 8, 9, 15, 18, 21) is rendered ‘tus Tswv’, never a transliterated loanword, never fate/spirit-adjacent vocabulary.
Wise Unwise Component
Approved rendering: cov txawj ntse
Transliteration: chakham (Heb.); cf. sophois (Gk., Rom 1:14 merism)
Doctrine: Judgment on Pride and Violence against God’s People
Inherited component from Romans baseline’s merism entry (Hellēsin te kai barbarois, sophois te kai anoētois). Reused directly and cleanly in Obadiah 1:8 for ‘the wise men of Edom,’ whose renowned wisdom God will destroy on the Day of the LORD.
Boasting
Approved rendering: kev khav theeb
Transliteration: kauchēsis (Gk. continuity term); higdil peh (Heb., lit. ‘enlarge the mouth’)
Doctrine: Judgment on Pride and Violence against God’s People
Inherited from Romans package, reused exactly for Obadiah 1:12’s verbal self-congratulation (‘do not boast in the day of your brother’s calamity’). MUST BE KEPT LEXICALLY DISTINCT from the new, doctrinally heavier entry ‘pride_of_heart’ (zadon lev, 1:3) — this bare form is reserved for the verbal-boast act only, never for Edom’s foundational interior disposition against God.
Eternal Life Root
Approved rendering: nyob mus ib txhis
Transliteration: zōē aiōnios (Gk. continuity term); olam (Heb.)
Doctrine: Judgment on Pride and Violence against God’s People
Inherited from Romans package. Reused in Obadiah 1:10 in a deliberate NEGATIVE contrast: Edom is ‘cut off forever’ (olam), the negative mirror of this term’s positive ‘life forever’ sense. Teaching note must flag this positive/negative antithesis explicitly.
Ashamed
Approved rendering: txaj muag
Transliteration: epaischynomai (Gk. continuity term); bushah (Heb.)
Doctrine: Judgment on Pride and Violence against God’s People
Inherited from Romans package, reused exactly for Obadiah 1:10’s decreed shame/disgrace upon Esau. Direct, clean reuse; no collision.
Edom
Approved rendering: Edoos
Transliteration: Edom
Doctrine: Judgment on Pride and Violence against God’s People
NEW ENTRY (proper noun). [TRANSLATOR REVIEW NEEDED: confirm published Hmong OT convention]. Comprehension-level only, no doctrinal collision.
Esau Mount Esau
Approved rendering: Exaus / Roob Exaus
Transliteration: Esav / Har Esav
Doctrine: The Kingdom’s Ultimate Belonging to the Lord
NEW ENTRY (proper noun). [TRANSLATOR REVIEW NEEDED]. The book’s recurring theological counterpoint to Mount Zion. Cross-reference Romans 9:13 (Jacob/Esau quotation) in curriculum notes for canonical continuity.
Jacob House Of Jacob
Approved rendering: Yakhauj / tsev neeg Yakhauj
Transliteration: Ya’aqov / beit Ya’aqov
Doctrine: The Kingdom’s Ultimate Belonging to the Lord
NEW ENTRY (proper noun). [TRANSLATOR REVIEW NEEDED]. Idiom for the nation/lineage of Israel; cross-reference Romans 9:13.
Joseph House Of Joseph
Approved rendering: Yauxej
Transliteration: Yosef
Doctrine: Judgment on Pride and Violence against God’s People
NEW ENTRY (proper noun). [TRANSLATOR REVIEW NEEDED]. Idiom for the northern tribes, paired with house of Jacob as agents of judgment-fire against Esau (1:18).
Jerusalem
Approved rendering: Yeluxalees
Transliteration: Yerushalayim
Doctrine: Judgment on Pride and Violence against God’s People
NEW ENTRY (proper noun). Confirm against published Hmong OT convention; existing transliteration pattern proposed (1:11, 20).
Teman
Approved rendering: Temas
Transliteration: Teman
Doctrine: Judgment on Pride and Violence against God’s People
NEW ENTRY (proper noun). [TRANSLATOR REVIEW NEEDED]. Clan/region within Edom, associated with its soon-to-fail wisdom tradition (1:9).
Restoration Geographic Names
Approved rendering: (individually proposed transliterations per name; render as a unified block with a summary teaching note)
Transliteration: Negev, Shephelah, Pelishtim, Ephrayim, Shomron, Binyamin, Gilad, Kena’an, Tsarephath, Sepharad
Doctrine: The Kingdom’s Ultimate Belonging to the Lord
Rejected alternatives: domesticating substitution with generic ‘a certain place’ — rejected, per full-book-coverage mandate
NEW ENTRY (proper noun cluster, 1:19-20). [TRANSLATOR REVIEW NEEDED for each name]. Ten unfamiliar place names; combined rhetorical function (total territorial restoration, every point of the compass) is the load-bearing element, not individual identification. Render as a block with a single summary teaching note (‘every direction, the full extent of the land’).
Rejoice Negated
Approved rendering: zoo siab
Transliteration: samach
Doctrine: Judgment on Pride and Violence against God’s People
NEW ENTRY. Obadiah 1:12. Stable everyday joy-term, negated (‘do not rejoice’); no collision.
Gate
Approved rendering: roog vag
Transliteration: sha’ar
Doctrine: Judgment on Pride and Violence against God’s People
NEW ENTRY. Obadiah 1:13. City gate of God’s people, entered by Edom in the day of calamity; stable term.
Crossroads
Approved rendering: tus kev sib ntxaws
Transliteration: pereq haderekh
Doctrine: Judgment on Pride and Violence against God’s People
NEW ENTRY. Obadiah 1:14. Escape-route junction where Edom ambushed Judah’s fleeing survivors; concrete geographic imagery, transfers without difficulty.
Understanding
Approved rendering: kev totaub
Transliteration: tevunah
Doctrine: Judgment on Pride and Violence against God’s People
NEW ENTRY. Obadiah 1:7. Discernment/wisdom removed from Edom in judgment; stable term.
Hidden Treasures
Approved rendering: tej nyiaj txiag zais cia
Transliteration: matzpun
Doctrine: Judgment on Pride and Violence against God’s People
NEW ENTRY. Obadiah 1:6. Edom’s concealed wealth, exposed and plundered by betraying allies; stable descriptive phrase.
Grape Gatherers Gleanings
Approved rendering: cov de txiv hmab / tej seem uas tshuav
Transliteration: botserim / olelot
Doctrine: Judgment on Pride and Violence against God’s People
NEW ENTRY. Obadiah 1:5. Harvest imagery contrasting thorough plunder with the small mercy of harvest-leftovers, ironically denied to Edom. THIRD member of the ‘seem’ (remainder) semantic neighborhood alongside ‘cov seem’ (remnant) and negated ‘tus seem’ (Esau’s no-survivor); must remain visibly distinct in any single lesson so the escalation (thieves leave gleanings; God leaves Esau nothing) is not lost.
Thief Night Plunderers
Approved rendering: tub sab / cov tub sab uas los tsam hmo ntuj
Transliteration: ganav / shodedei laylah
Doctrine: Judgment on Pride and Violence against God’s People
NEW ENTRY. Obadiah 1:5. Imagery of thieves who at least take only what they want, contrasted with Edom’s total destruction; stable crime-idiom.
Rock Cliff
Approved rendering: pob zeb
Transliteration: sela
Doctrine: Judgment on Pride and Violence against God’s People
Rejected alternatives: forced Hmong pun attempting to preserve the Sela/rock wordplay — rejected, untranslatable
NEW ENTRY. Obadiah 1:3. Edom’s rock-fortress dwelling, likely a wordplay on Edom’s capital city Sela (Petra). Render plain sense only; footnote the untranslatable proper-noun pun for teaching purposes.
Eagle
Approved rendering: dav
Transliteration: nesher
Doctrine: Judgment on Pride and Violence against God’s People
NEW ENTRY. Obadiah 1:4. Imagery of Edom’s proud, seemingly unreachable heights; stable term.
Fire Flame
Approved rendering: hluav taws / nplaim taws
Transliteration: esh / lehavah
Doctrine: The Kingdom’s Ultimate Belonging to the Lord
NEW ENTRY. Obadiah 1:18. Imagery of Jacob and Joseph as consuming fire against Esau’s stubble; stable term.
Stubble
Approved rendering: pawg nyab qhuav
Transliteration: qash
Doctrine: The Kingdom’s Ultimate Belonging to the Lord
NEW ENTRY. Obadiah 1:18. Dry harvest-residue, agricultural image of Edom’s total combustibility before judgment; transfers cleanly into a Hmong rice-farming context.
Consume Devour
Approved rendering: noj
Transliteration: akal
Doctrine: The Kingdom’s Ultimate Belonging to the Lord
NEW ENTRY. Obadiah 1:18. Literally ‘eat’; fire ‘eating’ (hluav taws noj) is a natural, existing Hmong idiom — a positive figurative bridge.
Continually
Approved rendering: tas li / mus li
Transliteration: tamid
Doctrine: The Day of the Lord for All Nations
NEW ENTRY. Obadiah 1:16. Perpetually, without ceasing; stable term.
Low-Medium Risk Terms
Heir
Approved rendering: tus qub txeeg qub teg
Transliteration: klēronomos (Gk. continuity term); yarash/morashah (Heb.)
Doctrine: The Kingdom’s Ultimate Belonging to the Lord
Inherited from Romans package (strong positive resonance with Hmong lineage-inheritance custom). Reused as the connecting root for Obadiah’s yarash/morashah possession vocabulary (1:17, 19-20). Must be explicitly taught as divinely-granted restoration reversing Edom’s illegitimate seizure, never as human conquest-merit.
Obadiah Name
Approved rendering: Aunpadiyas
Transliteration: Ovadyah
Doctrine: Judgment on Pride and Violence against God’s People
NEW ENTRY. [TRANSLATOR REVIEW NEEDED: confirm against published Hmong OT convention]. The prophet’s proper name, meaning ‘servant/worshiper of YHWH.’ Thematic note: a self-identified ‘servant of YHWH’ pronounces judgment on Edom’s self-exalting pride — a deliberate humility/pride contrast worth a teaching note. Pair with mandatory one-time paraphrase gloss (‘servant of the LORD’) at first occurrence per §4.2 of the linguistic gap analysis.
Mount Zion
Approved rendering: Roob Xi-oos
Transliteration: Har Tsiyon
Doctrine: The Kingdom’s Ultimate Belonging to the Lord
NEW ENTRY (proper noun). [TRANSLATOR REVIEW NEEDED: confirm established Hmong OT spelling]. Theological counterpoint to Mount Esau throughout the book (1:17, 21); comprehension-level but structurally weighty.
Loot Plunder
Approved rendering: nyiag khoom / lws khoom
Transliteration: shalach yad be
Doctrine: Judgment on Pride and Violence against God’s People
NEW ENTRY. Obadiah 1:13. Literally ‘send the hand against’; concrete theft-idiom transfers cleanly.
Distress Hardship
Approved rendering: kev txom nyem / kev nyuaj siab
Transliteration: tsarah
Doctrine: Judgment on Pride and Violence against God’s People
NEW ENTRY. Obadiah 1:12, 14. Judah’s calamity and suffering, exploited by Edom; stable existing vocabulary.
Deceived
Approved rendering: dag ntxias koj
Transliteration: hishi’ukha (root nasha)
Doctrine: Judgment on Pride and Violence against God’s People
NEW ENTRY. Obadiah 1:7. Stable existing deception vocabulary; no collision.
Mighty Man Warrior
Approved rendering: tub rog siab loj
Transliteration: gibbor
Doctrine: Judgment on Pride and Violence against God’s People
NEW ENTRY. Obadiah 1:9. Edom’s warriors, doomed to dismay and slaughter; comprehension-level military vocabulary.
Bring Down
Approved rendering: coj koj los rau hauv qab
Transliteration: horid
Doctrine: Judgment on Pride and Violence against God’s People
NEW ENTRY. Obadiah 1:4. God’s own act of bringing down self-exalted Edom, deliberately answering Edom’s boast ‘who will bring me down?’ Deliberately contrasts with the raising-up/establishing verb yarash (‘possess’); the wordplay reversal should be preserved in teaching notes.
Possess Inherit Land
Approved rendering: yuav tau ua…qub txeeg qub teg
Transliteration: yarash
Doctrine: The Kingdom’s Ultimate Belonging to the Lord
Rejected alternatives: framing as human conquest-merit — rejected, must be divinely-granted restoration
NEW ENTRY. Obadiah 1:17, 19, 20. To take/receive possession of covenant land, reversing Edom’s illegitimate seizure. Connects to the Romans baseline’s heir entry; strong positive cultural bridge via Hmong lineage-inheritance custom, but must clarify divine grant, not conquest-merit.
Possessions Inheritance
Approved rendering: qub txeeg qub teg
Transliteration: morashah
Doctrine: The Kingdom’s Ultimate Belonging to the Lord
NEW ENTRY. Obadiah 1:17. Cognate noun form of yarash above; same positive-bridge/divine-grant clarification applies.
Judge Govern
Approved rendering: txiav txim
Transliteration: shaphat
Doctrine: God’s Justice for the Oppressed
NEW ENTRY. Obadiah 1:21. To execute verdict/right order, including both governance and vindication, exercised by the saviors on Mount Zion over Mount Esau. Village-court legal-idiom register, comparable to the Romans baseline’s no-condemnation entry. Shares the verb root ‘txiav’ with ‘cut_off_covenant_curse’ — never abbreviate either to the bare root, to prevent conflating condemnation with vindication.
Swallow
Approved rendering: nqos
Transliteration: la’u
Doctrine: The Day of the Lord for All Nations
NEW ENTRY. Obadiah 1:16. To gulp down completely, describing the nations drinking judgment on God’s holy mountain; vivid, concrete image, transfers cleanly.
Head Idiom Accountability
Approved rendering: poob rau saum koj taubhau
Transliteration: rosh
Doctrine: God’s Justice for the Oppressed
NEW ENTRY. Obadiah 1:15. Idiom ‘return on your own head’ = personal, non-transferable accountability for one’s deeds; transfers naturally into existing Hmong usage.
War Summons Idiom
Approved rendering: sawv! Cia peb sawv ua rog rau nws
Transliteration: qumu ve-naqumah aleha lamilchamah
Doctrine: The Day of the Lord for All Nations
NEW ENTRY. Obadiah 1:1. War-summons idiom quoted by the messenger among the nations; comprehension-level, previews the universal-scope judgment developed fully in v.15.
Medium-High Risk Terms
Cut Off Covenant Curse
Approved rendering: txiav tu
Transliteration: karat
Doctrine: Judgment on Pride and Violence against God’s People
NEW ENTRY. Obadiah 1:9, 10, 14. Recurring covenant-curse formula of total covenantal severance/removal from existence. Comparable structurally to the Romans baseline’s ‘kev raug txiav txim’ legal-idiom bridge but heavier (total severance, not merely no-condemnation). Must be rendered IDENTICALLY at every occurrence. Shares the verb root ‘txiav’ with the unrelated ‘judge/govern’ term (txiav txim, 1:21) — never abbreviate either phrase to the bare root alone, to prevent conflating Edom’s severance with Zion’s vindicating judgment.
Drink Cup Of Judgment
Approved rendering: haus
Transliteration: shatah
Doctrine: The Day of the Lord for All Nations
Rejected alternatives: inventing a Hmong-sounding compound ‘cup of judgment’ idiom — rejected, risks sounding like an authentic folk proverb that does not actually exist, more misleading than a plain verb plus footnote
NEW ENTRY. Obadiah 1:16, core passage. Figurative ‘cup’ idiom for receiving God’s judgment (cf. Isa 51:17; Jer 25:15-29; Ps 75:8). Comprehension gap, not a collision: Hmong has no native ‘cup of judgment’ idiom. Requires an explanatory teaching note on first occurrence, parallel in treatment to the Romans baseline’s Medium-risk grafted-olive-tree gap-handling.