Core Glossary
Zechariah — Core Glossary (Hmong Language Package)
Legend — Status column: REUSED = imported verbatim from the Romans baseline TM, no modification permitted. NEW = proposed in this package; requires TM-revision review before permanent adoption, per 12_ai_translation_requirements.md §9.
Legend — Risk column: Critical / High / Medium / Low, per the risk-tier definitions in bible_term_registry.json (baseline, reused without modification): Critical = strong specific collision with Hmong traditional religion that could invert doctrine; High = real confusion potential, manageable with disambiguating strategy; Medium = partial mismatch or comprehension gap, no direct collision; Low = stable, minimal ambiguity.
| # | English Term | Hebrew (Transliteration) | Hmong Rendering | Status | Risk | Doctrine | Chapters | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | God | אֱלֹהִים (Elohim) | Vajtswv | REUSED | Low | General / Cross-cutting | all | Exact reuse, Romans TM #1 |
| 2 | LORD (divine name, YHWH) | יְהוָה (YHWH) | tus TSWV | NEW (extends REUSED root “tus Tswv”) | Critical | General / Cross-cutting | all | Full-caps convention marks the Tetragrammaton, mirroring English “LORD” small-caps; extends Romans TM lord (kyrios → tus Tswv). Must never be replaced by a transliterated divine name (e.g. “Yehauvas”), per Romans §3.1 forbidden-substitution precedent. |
| 3 | LORD of Hosts | יְהוָה צְבָאוֹת (YHWH Tsebaoth) | tus TSWV uas Kav Cov Tub Rog Saum Ntuj | NEW | Medium-High | Visions of God’s Sovereign Plan | 1,2,3,4,6,7,8,9,10,13,14 | ”Hosts” = heavenly/angelic armies; teaching note required to prevent militaristic-nationalist misreading. |
| 4 | Return / Repent | שׁוּב (shuv) | tig rov qab rau kuv | NEW | Low | General / Cross-cutting | 1 | Standard Hmong Christian repentance vocabulary. |
| 5 | Zeal / Jealousy for Zion | קִנְאָה (qinah) | kev khib siab rau Xi-oo (Vajtswv txoj kev hlub uas ceev thiab tiv thaiv nws haiv neeg) | NEW | Critical | God’s Zeal for Zion | 1, 8 | Mandatory full qualifying clause at every occurrence, modeled on Romans TM wrath_of_god pattern; bare “khib siab” reads as sinful/petty jealousy in ordinary Hmong. |
| 6 | Angel of the LORD | מַלְאַךְ יְהוָה (mal’akh YHWH) | tus Tim Tswv ntawm tus TSWV | NEW | Medium | Visions of God’s Sovereign Plan | 1, 3 | Must retain divine-agency qualifier to avoid confusion with ancestral-spirit messengers. |
| 7 | Zion | צִיּוֹן (Tsiyyon) | Xi-oo | NEW (transliteration) | Low | God’s Zeal for Zion | 1,2,8,9 | Established transliteration convention. |
| 8 | Jerusalem | יְרוּשָׁלַםִ (Yerushalayim) | Yeluxalees | NEW (transliteration, standard Hmong Bible usage) | Low | Restoration of Jerusalem and the Temple | 1,2,3,8,9,12,14 | Already standard in existing Hmong Bible tradition. |
| 9 | Measuring line | חֶבֶל מִדָּה (chevel middah) | hlua ntsuas | NEW | Low | Restoration of Jerusalem and the Temple | 1, 2 | Concrete surveying image. |
| 10 | Glory | כָּבוֹד (kavod) | lub yeeb koob | REUSED | Low | General / Cross-cutting | 2,8,9,11,14 | Exact reuse, Romans TM |
| 11 | Nations / Gentiles | גּוֹיִם (goyim) | lwm Haiv Neeg | REUSED | Low | The Coming Messianic King | 2,8,9,14 | Exact reuse, Romans TM |
| 12 | Inheritance | נָחַל (nachal) | qub txeeg qub teg | REUSED (concept-linked) | Low | Restoration of Jerusalem and the Temple | 2 | Linked to Romans TM heir; here applied to land, not a person. |
| 13 | Satan / the Accuser | הַשָּׂטָן (ha-satan) | dab Ntxwg Nyoog | NEW (established Hmong Christian term) | Medium | Visions of God’s Sovereign Plan | 3 | Shares dab root with animistic vocabulary; the full compound is a settled distinguishing term and must not be shortened. |
| 14 | High Priest | כֹּהֵן הַגָּדוֹל (kohen ha-gadol) | tus Tuam Povthawj | NEW | High | Restoration of Jerusalem and the Temple | 3, 6 | Risk of assimilation to shamanic office (txiv neeb); mandatory contrast-teaching required, parallel to Romans’ avoidance of priestly vocabulary for leitourgos. |
| 15 | Sin / Iniquity | עָוֹן (avon) | txhaum / kev txhaum | REUSED | High | Restoration of Jerusalem and the Temple | 3 | Exact reuse, Romans TM sin_act_and_condition |
| 16 | The Branch (Messianic title) | צֶמַח (tsemach) | tus Ceg Ntoo | NEW | High | The Coming Messianic King | 3, 6 | Technical Messianic title, not a botanical reference; mandatory capitalization/naming convention and teaching note at every occurrence. |
| 17 | Power / Might | כֹּחַ / חַיִל (koach / chayil) | hwjchim (always “Vajtswv hwjchim”) | REUSED | Critical | Visions of God’s Sovereign Plan | 4 | Exact reuse, Romans TM power; ch.4:6 explicitly contrasts this with the Spirit. |
| 18 | Holy Spirit / Spirit of the LORD | רוּחַ (ruach, divine referent) | Vaj Ntsuj Plig | REUSED | Critical | Visions of God’s Sovereign Plan; The Piercing | 4, 12 | Exact reuse, Romans TM; mandatory “Vaj” prefix, never dropped. |
| 19 | Anointed Ones (“sons of oil”) | בְּנֵי הַיִּצְהָר (bene hayitshar) | ob tug uas raug pleev roj tsa cia | NEW | Medium | The Coming Messianic King | 4 | Comprehension gap (anointing-with-oil not a native Hmong rite); typological King-Priest link to ch.6. |
| 20 | Flying scroll / Curse | מְגִלָּה עָפָה / אָלָה (megillah afah / alah) | phau ntawv ya nyob saum nruab ntug / lus foom tsis zoo | NEW | Low-Medium | Visions of God’s Sovereign Plan | 5 | Apocalyptic imagery, comprehension-level only. |
| 21 | Ephah / Wickedness (personified) | אֵיפָה / רִשְׁעָה (eifah / rish’ah) | lub thoob ntsuas qoob loo / Kev Phem | NEW | Low | Visions of God’s Sovereign Plan | 5 | Comprehension gap on measure-unit only. |
| 22 | Four Winds/Spirits of Heaven | אַרְבַּע רוּחוֹת הַשָּׁמָיִם (arba ruchot hashamayim) | plaub tug cua saum ntuj | NEW | Medium-High | Visions of God’s Sovereign Plan | 6 | Must never take the Vaj-prefix reserved for the Holy Spirit; a third ruach-category alongside #18 and human ntsuj plig. |
| 23 | King | מֶלֶךְ (melekh) | huab tais | NEW | High | The Coming Messianic King | 6, 9, 14 | Standard Hmong royalty term; must be anchored to Davidic/Messianic promise and to lub Nceeg Vaj to avoid a merely political reading. |
| 24 | Fasting | צוֹם (tsom) | kev yoo mov | NEW | Low | Restoration of Jerusalem and the Temple | 7 | Established Hmong Christian term. |
| 25 | True Justice | מִשְׁפַּט אֱמֶת (mishpat emet) | kev txiav txim ncaj ncees | NEW (built on reused root) | Low-Medium | God’s Zeal for Zion | 7 | Built on Romans TM righteousness root for consistency. |
| 26 | Mercy / Kindness (chesed) | חֶסֶד (chesed) | txoj kev khuv leej | REUSED (nuance-flagged) | Medium | God’s Zeal for Zion | 7 | Reuses Romans TM mercy; chesed’s covenant-loyalty dimension is broader than eleos-pity and needs a teaching note. |
| 27 | Hardening (heart/shoulder) | לֵב שָׁמִיר / כָּתֵף סֹרֶרֶת (lev shamir / katef sorreret) | lub siab tawv | REUSED | Medium | The Law’s diagnostic parallel (cross-book) | 7 | Exact reuse, Romans TM hardening |
| 28 | Widow, orphan, stranger, poor | (standard social-justice quartet) | poj ntsuam, tub ntsuag, qhua txawv teb chaws, cov pluag | NEW | Low | God’s Zeal for Zion | 7 | Descriptive, no collision. |
| 29 | Remnant | שְׁאֵרִית (she’erit) | cov seem | REUSED | Low | Visions of God’s Sovereign Plan | 8, 13 | Exact reuse, Romans TM remnant |
| 30 | Truth | אֱמֶת (emet) | qhov tseeb | REUSED | Low | General / Cross-cutting | 8 | Exact reuse, Romans TM truth |
| 31 | Peace | שָׁלוֹם (shalom) | kev thaj yeeb | REUSED | Low | The Coming Messianic King | 8, 9 | Exact reuse, Romans TM peace |
| 32 | Righteous / Righteousness | צַדִּיק (tsaddiq) | tus ncaj ncees | REUSED | Critical | The Coming Messianic King | 9 | Exact reuse, Romans TM righteousness_of_god_righteous |
| 33 | Saved / Vindicated (Niphal of yasha) | נוֹשָׁע (nosha) | tau txais kev cawm dim (los ntawm Vajtswv) | REUSED (passive-voice nuance flagged) | High | The Coming Messianic King | 9 | Built on Romans TM salvation_save; passive Niphal nuance (King as recipient, not merely dispenser, of deliverance) must be retained. |
| 34 | Lowly / Humble / Afflicted | עָנִי (ani) | tus uas txo nws tus kheej, ib tug pluag | NEW | Medium-High | The Coming Messianic King | 9 | Deliberately built off the hwjchim root to avoid bleeding shamanic-power connotations into a humility term. |
| 35 | Riding on a donkey/colt | חֲמוֹר / עַיִר (chamor / ayir) | caij ib tug neeg luav | NEW | Low-Medium | The Coming Messianic King | 9 | Comprehension gap (donkeys not native Hmong pack/riding animal); no collision. |
| 36 | Cut off (chariot, horse, bow) | כרת (karat) | rho tawm … | NEW | Low | The Coming Messianic King | 9 | Disarmament imagery, transfers cleanly. |
| 37 | Dominion / Rule | מָשַׁל (mashal) | kev kav | NEW | Low-Medium | The Coming Messianic King | 9 | Teach alongside lub Nceeg Vaj (kingdom_of_god, REUSED). |
| 38 | Prisoners of Hope | אֲסִירֵי הַתִּקְוָה (asirei hatiqvah) | cov raug kaw uas muaj kev cia siab | NEW (built on reused root) | Low-Medium | Visions of God’s Sovereign Plan | 9 | Built on Romans TM hope (kev cia siab). |
| 39 | Shepherd / Flock | רָעָה / צֹאן (ra’ah / tson) | tus yug yaj / pab yaj | NEW | Low | Visions of God’s Sovereign Plan | 10, 11, 13 | Agrarian imagery, accessible, no collision. |
| 40 | Cornerstone / Tent Peg | פִּנָּה / יָתֵד (pinnah / yated) | pob zeb ntawm lub kaum tsev / ncej tsev | NEW | Low-Medium | Restoration of Jerusalem and the Temple | 10 | Kept lexically distinct from Romans TM stumbling_block (opposite rhetorical function). |
| 41 | Thirty Pieces of Silver | שְׁלֹשִׁים כֶּסֶף (shloshim kasef) | peb caug lub nyiaj | NEW | Medium | The Coming Messianic King (typological) | 11 | Precise numeric/monetary detail must be preserved for Judas typology (Matt 26-27). |
| 42 | Staff “Favor” (No’am) | נֹעַם (no’am) | Kev Zoo Siab | NEW | High | Visions of God’s Sovereign Plan | 11 | Must never be rendered “txiaj ntsim” (grace) — that Critical term is permanently reserved for salvific grace per Romans baseline. |
| 43 | Staff “Union/Bands” | חֹבְלִים (chovelim) | Kev Sib Koom | NEW | Low | Visions of God’s Sovereign Plan | 11 | Symbolic prop-name, low risk. |
| 44 | Spirit of Grace and Supplication | רוּחַ חֵן וְתַחֲנוּנִים (ruach chen vetachanunim) | Vaj Ntsuj Plig uas coj txiaj ntsim thiab kev thov tuaj | REUSED (compound of two Critical terms) | Critical | The Piercing of the One They Have Pierced | 12 | Requires both mandatory qualifiers (Vaj-prefix + txiaj ntsim, never koob hmoov) simultaneously — highest term-density risk point outside 9:9-10. |
| 45 | Pierced | דקר (daqar) | raug xuas nkaug | NEW | Critical | The Piercing of the One They Have Pierced | 12 | Must retain full concrete/violent force; never softened to “hurt” or “reject”; first-person divine speech (“they have pierced me”) must be preserved. |
| 46 | Mourning | מִסְפֵּד (misped) | quaj ntsuag | NEW | Low | The Piercing of the One They Have Pierced | 12 | Standard Hmong grief vocabulary. |
| 47 | House of David | בֵּית דָּוִיד (beit David) | Tsev Neeg Daviv | NEW (transliteration) | Low | The Coming Messianic King | 12 | Established transliteration of “Daviv.” |
| 48 | Fountain (for cleansing from sin) | מָקוֹר (maqor) | lub qhov dej muaj kua dej ntws tsis tu | NEW | Medium | The Piercing of the One They Have Pierced | 13 | Must be taught as pointing to Christ’s atonement, not a repeatable ritual-purification rite. |
| 49 | Idol | (various, cf. Rom idol collision) | dab mlom | REUSED | High | Visions of God’s Sovereign Plan | 13 | Exact reuse, Romans TM idol |
| 50 | False Prophet | נָבִיא שָׁקֶר (navi shaqer) | cov cev Vajtswv Lus dag | NEW | High | Visions of God’s Sovereign Plan | 13 | Contrast-teaching required against Hmong shamanic diviner (txiv neeb). |
| 51 | Unclean Spirit | רוּחַ הַטֻּמְאָה (ruach hatum’ah) | ntsuj plig qias neeg | NEW | Critical | Visions of God’s Sovereign Plan | 13 | Third ruach-category; never Vaj-prefixed; must be marked “qias neeg” (unclean) to distinguish from both #18 and neutral human ntsuj plig. |
| 52 | Refine (as silver/gold) | צָרַף (tsaraph) | muab ua kom huv raws li kub thiab nyiaj hauv cub thee | NEW | Low-Medium | Visions of God’s Sovereign Plan | 13 | Metallurgical comprehension gap only. |
| 53 | Call on My Name | קָרָא בִשְׁמִי (qara bishmi) | thov hu Kuv lub npe, ntseeg thiab lees paub tias Kuv yog lawv tus Vajtswv | NEW (forbidden-substitution inherited) | High | The Piercing of the One They Have Pierced | 13 | hu must never carry ritual-soul-summoning sense (hu plig); inherits Romans §3.1 caution on Rom 10:9-13 verbatim. |
| 54 | Day of the LORD | יוֹם־יְהוָה (yom-YHWH) | Hnub ntawm tus TSWV | NEW | Medium-High | Visions of God’s Sovereign Plan | 14 | Eschatological consummation; must be distinguished from ordinary calendar days/festivals. |
| 55 | Mount of Olives | הַר הַזֵּיתִים (har hazeitim) | Roob Txiv Aliv | NEW (built on reused root) | Low | Restoration of Jerusalem and the Temple | 14 | Reuses Romans TM olive vocabulary (txiv aliv). |
| 56 | Living Waters | מַיִם חַיִּים (mayim chayim) | dej muaj txoj sia | NEW (built on reused root) | Low-Medium | Restoration of Jerusalem and the Temple | 14 | Built on Romans TM eternal_life root; typological bridge to John 4/7. |
| 57 | Holy to the LORD | קֹדֶשׁ לַיהוָה (qodesh la-YHWH) | Dawb Huv rau tus TSWV | NEW (built on reused root) | Medium | Restoration of Jerusalem and the Temple | 14 | Built on Romans TM sanctification root (dawb huv); must be taught as consecration, not protective ritual inscription. |
| 58 | Feast of Tabernacles/Booths | חַג הַסֻּכּוֹת (chag hasukkot) | Kev Nyob Tsev Pheeb Suab | NEW | Medium | Restoration of Jerusalem and the Temple | 14 | Comprehension gap; possible positive bridge to Hmong harvest customs, flagged for caution against syncretism. |
| 59 | Canaanite / Merchant | כְּנַעֲנִי (kena’ani) | tus lag luam | NEW | Medium | Restoration of Jerusalem and the Temple | 14 | Double meaning (ethnonym / trader) requires translator note. |
Cross-Reference: Terms Reused Verbatim from the Romans Baseline TM
God (Vajtswv) · Lord/YHWH root (tus Tswv) · peace (kev thaj yeeb) · nations/Gentiles (lwm Haiv Neeg) · righteousness/righteous (tus ncaj ncees) · salvation/save (kev cawm dim / cawm) · power (hwjchim, mandatory Vajtswv-qualifier) · glory (lub yeeb koob) · Holy Spirit (Vaj Ntsuj Plig, mandatory Vaj-prefix) · human spirit/soul (ntsuj plig, no Vaj-prefix) · remnant (cov seem) · hope (kev cia siab) · mercy (txoj kev khuv leej) · hardening (lub siab tawv) · idol (dab mlom) · sanctification root (dawb huv) · sin/guilt (txhaum / kev txhaum) · heir/inheritance root (qub txeeg qub teg) · grace (txiaj ntsim, permanently forbidding koob hmoov) · kingdom of God (lub Nceeg Vaj ntawm Vajtswv) · truth (qhov tseeb) · olive-tree image (tsob ntoo txiv aliv).
No Critical or High-risk Romans-TM rendering has been altered anywhere in this glossary, satisfying the hard-rule requirement that established term renderings be reused exactly. All 59 rows above collectively cover all fourteen chapters of Zechariah; no chapter was silently omitted.
Critical Risk Terms
Holy Spirit
Approved rendering: Vaj Ntsuj Plig
Transliteration: pneuma hagion / pneuma hagiōsynēs
Doctrine: Sanctification and Life in the Spirit
Rejected alternatives: bare ntsuj plig (no Vaj prefix) — rejected, denotes an animistic wandering human soul
Fixed collocation; ‘Vaj’ prefix mandatory at every occurrence. Inherited from Romans package; reused exactly for Hebrew ruach (divine referent) at Zechariah 4:6 and 12:10 — now requires disambiguation against THREE additional Zechariah-specific ruach-categories (human ntsuj plig, four winds plaub tug cua saum ntuj, and unclean spirit ntsuj plig qias neeg), making Vaj-prefix discipline even more load-bearing here than in Romans.
Righteousness Of God Righteous
Approved rendering: Vajtswv txoj kev ncaj ncees / tus ncaj ncees
Transliteration: dikaiosynē theou / dikaios
Doctrine: Justification by Faith
Rejected alternatives: bare ‘kev ncaj ncees’ without the reckoning qualifier — rejected, reads as self-achieved moralism
Inherited from Romans package; reused exactly for Hebrew tsaddiq at Zechariah 9:9, describing the coming King’s own righteous character/reign — a royal-messianic credential, not a justification-by-faith context. Must still avoid an achieved-moral-quality reading, since Hmong ‘ncaj ncees’ customarily denotes earned personal virtue; does NOT require the raug suav tias reckoning-qualifier at 9:9 specifically (that qualifier belongs to the distinct imputation doctrine), but curriculum content must not blur the two uses without a clarifying teaching note.
Justify Reckon As Righteous
Approved rendering: ua kom ncaj ncees / raug suav tias ncaj ncees
Transliteration: dikaioō / logizomai
Doctrine: Justification by Faith
Rejected alternatives: ‘ua zoo’ (do good) framing — rejected, reintroduces works-righteousness
Fixed accounting-metaphor phrase for imputation. Inherited from Romans package; retained in this package purely for cross-reference teaching notes distinguishing the King’s personal righteousness (9:9) from the reader’s forensic imputed righteousness (a Romans-doctrine import, relevant only by cross-reference, per analysis/06_linguistic_gap_analysis.md §2.5).
Grace
Approved rendering: txiaj ntsim
Transliteration: charis
Doctrine: Grace and Salvation by Faith Alone
Rejected alternatives: koob hmoov (fortune/blessing tied to fate and ritual correctness) — PERMANENTLY FORBIDDEN
koob hmoov reserved exclusively for ordinary material ‘blessing’. Inherited from Romans package; reused as one of two simultaneous Critical qualifiers in the NEW compound entry spirit_of_grace_and_supplication (Zechariah 12:10, Hebrew chen). MUST NEVER be used to name the NEW entry staff_favor_noam (11:7’s staff ‘No’am’/Favor), despite superficial semantic adjacency — using txiaj ntsim for a symbolic prop-staff would dilute the Critical grace-term’s exclusivity or imply salvific grace itself can be broken.
Propitiation Atoning Sacrifice
Approved rendering: qhov theej txhoj kev txhaum
Transliteration: hilastērion
Doctrine: Grace and Salvation by Faith Alone
Rejected alternatives: transliterated loanword — rejected, bare ‘qhov theej’ without qualifying clause — rejected
Inherited from Romans package; retained here as the concept-anchor for the NEW entry fountain_cleansing_from_sin (Zechariah 13:1), which must be taught as pointing forward to Christ’s atoning blood, not to a repeatable ritual-purification rite.
Divine Name Yhwh
Approved rendering: tus TSWV
Transliteration: YHWH
Doctrine: General / Cross-cutting
Rejected alternatives: Transliterated divine name (e.g. ‘Yehauvas’) — PERMANENTLY FORBIDDEN, identical sectarian NWT-style pattern already rejected in the Romans baseline §3.1
NEW — extends the inherited lord entry (tus Tswv) with a full-caps convention marking the Tetragrammaton, mirroring the English LORD/small-caps convention. Occurs over 130 times across all 14 chapters. Risk is Critical because Zechariah 12:10’s Christological weight depends on YHWH being the first-person speaker who says ‘they have pierced me’ — any instability in this rendering destabilizes that identification, making this the single most load-bearing naming decision in the package.
Zeal Jealousy For Zion
Approved rendering: kev khib siab rau Xi-oo (Vajtswv txoj kev hlub uas ceev thiab tiv thaiv nws haiv neeg)
Transliteration: qinah
Doctrine: God’s Zeal for Zion
Rejected alternatives: bare ‘khib siab’ — FORBIDDEN, denotes petty/sinful envy or spousal jealousy in ordinary Hmong usage, structurally identical collision risk to wrath_of_god
NEW. Chapters 1 (1:14), 8 (8:2). Mandatory full qualifying clause at every occurrence, modeled directly on the inherited wrath_of_god pattern; without it, God’s righteous covenant-protective zeal collapses into capricious human jealousy or ritual-appeasable ancestral-spirit anger.
Spirit Of Grace And Supplication
Approved rendering: Vaj Ntsuj Plig uas coj txiaj ntsim thiab kev thov tuaj
Transliteration: ruach chen vetachanunim
Doctrine: The Piercing of the One They Have Pierced (Zechariah 12:10)
Rejected alternatives: dropping the ‘Vaj’ prefix — forbidden, substituting koob hmoov for the grace component — forbidden
NEW compound of two inherited Critical Romans-TM entries (holy_spirit, grace), both reused without modification. Chapter 12 (12:10). Requires BOTH mandatory qualifiers simultaneously in the same clause — the single highest term-density risk point in the book outside 9:9-10.
Pierced
Approved rendering: raug xuas nkaug
Transliteration: daqar
Doctrine: The Piercing of the One They Have Pierced (Zechariah 12:10)
Rejected alternatives: generic ‘hurt’ / ‘wound’ — forbidden, metaphorical ‘reject/wrong’ — forbidden
NEW. Chapter 12 (12:10). Must retain full concrete, physical, violent force (same verb-family sense as being run through with a sword/spear, cf. Num 25:8, Judg 9:54); the first-person divine speech (‘they have pierced ME’) must be preserved intact, anchoring the doctrine’s Christological weight (John 19:37; Rev 1:7).
Unclean Spirit
Approved rendering: ntsuj plig qias neeg
Transliteration: ruach hatum’ah
Doctrine: Visions of God’s Sovereign Plan for His People
Rejected alternatives: Vaj-prefixed form — forbidden, would wrongly imply divine status, bare unmarked ‘ntsuj plig’ — forbidden, would fail to distinguish from a neutral human soul
NEW. Chapter 13 (13:2). Establishes a THIRD ruach-category alongside the inherited Vaj Ntsuj Plig/human ntsuj plig pair; must always carry the ‘qias neeg’ (unclean) marker and never the ‘Vaj’ prefix.
High Risk Terms
Human Spirit Soul
Approved rendering: ntsuj plig
Transliteration: pneuma (anthropological)
Doctrine: Sanctification and Life in the Spirit
Rejected alternatives: Vaj Ntsuj Plig — forbidden for this referent, reserved exclusively for the Holy Spirit
Never capitalized/prefixed with ‘Vaj’. Inherited from Romans package; in Zechariah this bare form must additionally be kept distinct from the NEW unclean_spirit entry (ntsuj plig qias neeg, ch.13), which shares the root but carries the mandatory ‘qias neeg’ (unclean) marker.
Salvation Save
Approved rendering: kev cawm dim / cawm
Transliteration: sōtēria / sōzō
Doctrine: The Gospel as the Power of God for Salvation
Rejected alternatives: unanchored ‘dim’ (escape) parallel to shamanic ua neeb soul-rescue — rejected without explicit Christ-anchoring
Always anchor explicitly to the divine agent. Inherited from Romans package; reused for Hebrew yasha at Zechariah 9:9 (Niphal passive ‘nosha’, see NEW entry saved_vindicated_niphal) and 10:6 (‘I will save the house of Joseph’, pre-Christological OT usage requiring a teaching note on fuller Christ-anchored fulfillment without overriding the OT context).
Power
Approved rendering: hwjchim
Transliteration: dynamis
Doctrine: The Gospel as the Power of God for Salvation
Rejected alternatives: bare, unqualified hwjchim — FORBIDDEN, identical to a shaman’s (txiv neeb) ritual power
Always qualify as ‘Vajtswv hwjchim’. Inherited from Romans package; reused for Hebrew koach/chayil at Zechariah 4:6 (‘not by might, nor by power, but by my Spirit’) — the book’s structural anchor verse for Doctrine 3, requiring the qualifier and the visible ‘not by…but by’ contrastive syntax to be preserved intact.
Idol
Approved rendering: dab mlom
Transliteration: eidōlon
Doctrine: Original Sin and Universal Guilt
Rejected alternatives: generic ‘statue’ softening — rejected, must not soften the term
Actual Hmong term for spirit-images venerated in traditional religion. Inherited from Romans package; reused exactly at Zechariah 13:2 (idols cut off in the day of cleansing).
Sanctification
Approved rendering: kev raug ua kom dawb huv
Transliteration: hagiasmos
Doctrine: Sanctification and Life in the Spirit
Rejected alternatives: treating dawb huv as a repeatable ritual-cleansing state — rejected
Inherited from Romans package; the ‘dawb huv’ root is reused/extended in the NEW entry holy_to_the_lord (Zechariah 14:20-21, ‘Holy to the LORD’ inscribed on ordinary objects), which must be taught as consecration of all of life, not protective ritual inscription/amulet, per the identical caution already logged for this root in Romans.
Sin Act And Condition
Approved rendering: txhaum / kev txhaum
Transliteration: hamartia
Doctrine: Original Sin and Universal Guilt
Inherited from Romans package; reused exactly for Hebrew avon (‘iniquity’) at Zechariah 3:4 (Joshua’s filthy garments removed) — Joshua’s iniquity-removal must be taught as God’s own gracious act, not a ritual the priest performs to appease a spirit.
Wrath Of God
Approved rendering: kev npau taws ntawm Vajtswv
Transliteration: orgē theou
Doctrine: Original Sin and Universal Guilt
Rejected alternatives: unqualified ‘npau taws’ associated only with capricious spirit/ancestor anger — rejected without explicit contrast teaching
Inherited from Romans package; retained as the structural precedent/model for the NEW Critical entry zeal_jealousy_for_zion (Zechariah 1:14-15, 8:2), which requires an identical mandatory-qualifying-clause strategy to prevent God’s zeal from collapsing into capricious, ritual-appeasable spirit-anger.
Baptism
Approved rendering: kev cai raus dej
Transliteration: baptizō / baptisma
Doctrine: Union with Christ
Rejected alternatives: transliterated loanword (‘npativ’ style) — rejected, baptism-as-testimony-only catechesis — rejected
Inherited from Romans package; retained as a cross-reference precedent for the NEW entry fountain_cleansing_from_sin (Zechariah 13:1) — both must be taught as once-for-all/typological, not repeatable ritual cleansing from spirit-contamination.
Worship Serve Cultic
Approved rendering: pehawm / pab teev
Transliteration: latreuō
Doctrine: Christian Living and Unity in the Church
Rejected alternatives: bare, unanchored pehawm — FORBIDDEN, identical verb used for pehawm dab (ancestor/spirit veneration)
Inherited from Romans package; reused at Zechariah 14:16-17, where ‘all the nations… shall go up to worship the King, the LORD of hosts’ — object must always be stated (‘pehawm tus TSWV / pehawm tus Huab Tais’), with explicit teaching that this is unique, exclusive worship of YHWH-as-King, never assimilable to pehawm dab.
High Priest
Approved rendering: tus Tuam Povthawj
Transliteration: kohen ha-gadol
Doctrine: Restoration of Jerusalem and the Temple
Rejected alternatives: txiv neeb (shaman) vocabulary — forbidden, would conflate Christian/OT priesthood with shamanic spirit-mediation
NEW. Chapters 3, 6. Unlike Romans’ leitourgos euphemism, this term cannot be avoided; mandatory contrast-teaching required at every occurrence: a divinely instituted, sacrificial-system office pointing forward to Christ’s priesthood (Heb 4-10), categorically distinct from txiv neeb spirit-mediation.
The Branch Messianic Title
Approved rendering: tus Ceg Ntoo
Transliteration: tsemach
Doctrine: The Coming Messianic King
Rejected alternatives: plain ‘ceg ntoo’ with no title-marking — rejected, reads as incidental botanical scenery
NEW. Chapters 3 (3:8), 6 (6:12). Technical Messianic title (cf. Isa 11:1; Jer 23:5, 33:15); requires mandatory fixed capitalization-equivalent naming convention and a first-occurrence Messianic-title teaching note at every occurrence.
King Melekh
Approved rendering: huab tais
Transliteration: melekh
Doctrine: The Coming Messianic King
NEW. Chapters 6, 9, 14. Standard Hmong royalty term carrying strong historical clan-kingship/martial associations; must always co-occur with Davidic-promise anchoring and with the inherited kingdom_of_god entry to prevent a purely political-nationalist reading.
Saved Vindicated Niphal
Approved rendering: tau txais kev cawm dim (los ntawm Vajtswv)
Transliteration: nosha
Doctrine: The Coming Messianic King
Rejected alternatives: active-voice ‘muab kev cawm dim rau’ / ‘cawm nws tus kheej’ — rejected, erases the passive Niphal’s theological point
NEW, built on the inherited salvation_save root. Chapter 9 (9:9). Grammatically passive Hebrew form casting the King as recipient, not dispenser, of God’s saving/vindicating action — must never be flattened to an active construction, or the King’s humility-with-kingship paradox (cf. Phil 2:8-9) is lost.
Staff Favor Noam
Approved rendering: Kev Zoo Siab
Transliteration: no’am
Doctrine: Visions of God’s Sovereign Plan for His People
Rejected alternatives: txiaj ntsim (the Critical grace-term) — FORBIDDEN, permanently reserved for salvific grace per the Romans baseline; must never name this symbolic prop-staff
NEW. Chapter 11. Although no’am (‘favor/pleasantness’) is semantically adjacent to charis, using the grace-term here would dilute its exclusivity or wrongly imply God’s saving grace itself can be broken when the staff is broken.
False Prophet
Approved rendering: cov cev Vajtswv Lus dag
Transliteration: navi shaqer
Doctrine: Visions of God’s Sovereign Plan for His People
NEW. Chapter 13. Requires explicit contrast-teaching against the Hmong shamanic diviner (txiv neeb), who likewise claims spirit-communication.
Call On My Name
Approved rendering: thov hu Kuv lub npe, ntseeg thiab lees paub tias Kuv yog lawv tus Vajtswv
Transliteration: qara bishmi
Doctrine: The Piercing of the One They Have Pierced (Zechariah 12:10)
Rejected alternatives: ‘hu’ in its ritual-soul-summoning sense (as in hu plig) — FORBIDDEN, directly inherited from the Romans baseline §3.1 caution on Rom 10:9-13
NEW. Chapter 13 (13:9). Descriptive phrasing anchors ‘calling on God’s name’ to trust and confession, preventing assimilation to shamanic soul-calling ritual.
Medium Risk Terms
Mercy
Approved rendering: txoj kev khuv leej
Transliteration: eleos
Doctrine: Election and the Sovereignty of God
Rejected alternatives: txiaj ntsim (grace) used interchangeably for mercy — rejected, mercy and grace are theologically distinct
Inherited from Romans package; reused for Hebrew chesed at Zechariah 7:9, with a nuance flag that chesed’s covenant-loyalty breadth exceeds the Romans-established pity/compassion sense of eleos — requires a teaching note, not a competing lexical rendering.
Hardening
Approved rendering: lub siab tawv
Transliteration: pōrōsis
Doctrine: The Future of Israel
Idiom-based (‘hardened liver/heart’). Inherited from Romans package; reused for Hebrew lev shamir / katef sorreret at Zechariah 7:11-12.
Grafted Olive Tree
Approved rendering: tsob ntoo txiv aliv / txuas rau
Transliteration: elaia / enkentrizō
Doctrine: The Future of Israel
Inherited from Romans package; the olive-tree root is reused at Zechariah 4 (lampstand vision’s two olive trees) and as the base of the NEW entry mount_of_olives (Zechariah 14:4, Roob Txiv Aliv), a clean cross-reuse.
Priestly Minister
Approved rendering: tus ua haujlwm pab Vajtswv
Transliteration: leitourgos
Doctrine: Christian Living and Unity in the Church
Rejected alternatives: txiv neeb (shaman) vocabulary — forbidden, would conflate Christian ministry with shamanism
Inherited from Romans package. IMPORTANT CONTRAST NOTE: Romans deliberately AVOIDED an actual priestly-office term for leitourgos to sidestep the txiv neeb collision. Zechariah CANNOT avoid the office-term (Joshua’s cleansing/investiture in ch.3 and the King-Priest crowning in ch.6 are structurally load-bearing), so this package introduces the NEW, distinct entry high_priest (tus Tuam Povthawj) with mandatory contrast-teaching rather than reusing this euphemistic strategy.
Angel Of The Lord
Approved rendering: tus Tim Tswv ntawm tus TSWV
Transliteration: mal’akh YHWH
Doctrine: Visions of God’s Sovereign Plan for His People
NEW. Chapters 1, 3. Standard Hmong Christian ‘tim tswv’ (angel) exists but the divine-agency qualifier must never be dropped, to avoid confusion with ancestral-spirit messengers.
Satan Accuser
Approved rendering: dab Ntxwg Nyoog
Transliteration: ha-satan
Doctrine: Visions of God’s Sovereign Plan for His People
Rejected alternatives: bare ‘dab’ — forbidden, would collapse Satan into the generic animistic spirit category
NEW (established Hmong Christian compound term). Chapter 3. Structurally parallel to the Vaj Ntsuj Plig/ntsuj plig disambiguation; this fixed compound must never be shortened.
Anointed Ones Sons Of Oil
Approved rendering: ob tug uas raug pleev roj tsa cia
Transliteration: bene hayitshar
Doctrine: The Coming Messianic King
NEW. Chapter 4. Anointing-with-oil has no native Hmong installation-rite equivalent; comprehension gap requiring an explanatory note; connects typologically to the King-Priest convergence of ch.6.
Thirty Pieces Of Silver
Approved rendering: peb caug lub nyiaj
Transliteration: shloshim kasef
Doctrine: The Coming Messianic King
Rejected alternatives: rounded or modernized currency equivalent — rejected, would sever the typological link
NEW. Chapter 11 (11:12-13). Precise numeric/monetary detail must be preserved intact to protect the direct typological fulfillment at Judas’s betrayal (Matt 26:15, 27:9-10).
Fountain Cleansing From Sin
Approved rendering: lub qhov dej muaj kua dej ntws tsis tu
Transliteration: maqor
Doctrine: The Piercing of the One They Have Pierced (Zechariah 12:10)
NEW. Chapter 13 (13:1). Springs are familiar in the Hmong highland context, but the cleansing-from-sin function must be taught as pointing to Christ’s atoning blood (concept-linked to the inherited propitiation_atoning_sacrifice and baptism entries), not a repeatable ritual-purification rite.
Holy To The Lord
Approved rendering: Dawb Huv rau tus TSWV
Transliteration: qodesh la-YHWH
Doctrine: Restoration of Jerusalem and the Temple
Rejected alternatives: protective ritual-inscription/amulet framing — rejected, inverts the text’s point that the sacred/profane divide dissolves
NEW, built on the inherited sanctification (dawb huv) root. Chapter 14 (14:20-21). Must be taught as consecration of all of life to God, not a magical inscription warding off harm.
Feast Of Tabernacles
Approved rendering: Kev Nyob Tsev Pheeb Suab
Transliteration: chag hasukkot
Doctrine: Restoration of Jerusalem and the Temple
NEW. Chapter 14 (14:16-19). Comprehension gap; possible positive bridge via Hmong harvest-gathering customs, flagged for caution against syncretistic equation with any specific existing Hmong festival.
Canaanite Merchant
Approved rendering: tus lag luam
Transliteration: kena’ani
Doctrine: Restoration of Jerusalem and the Temple
NEW. Chapter 14 (14:21). Double meaning (ethnonym/trader) requires a translator note; the no-commercializing-sacred-space point must survive regardless of which sense is foregrounded.
Low Risk Terms
God
Approved rendering: Vajtswv
Transliteration: theos
Doctrine: General / Cross-cutting
Rejected alternatives: Ntuj (impersonal sky/heaven) — rejected, lacks personal deity sense, dab (spirit) — rejected, denotes false/lesser spirit
Established compound (king+lord). Inherited from Romans package; reused exactly for Hebrew Elohim throughout Zechariah (all chapters).
Lord
Approved rendering: tus Tswv
Transliteration: kyrios
Doctrine: General / Cross-cutting
Stable existing usage; applied to God and Christ. Inherited from Romans package; forms the root that this package’s NEW entry divine_name_yhwh (tus TSWV) extends for the Tetragrammaton — this base entry itself remains unmodified and continues to apply wherever Zechariah uses the generic title ‘Lord/Master’ rather than the covenant name.
Glory
Approved rendering: lub yeeb koob
Transliteration: doxa
Doctrine: General / Cross-cutting
Stable existing term. Inherited from Romans package; reused exactly for Hebrew kavod at Zechariah 2:5, 8, 8:23, 9:?, 11:?, 14:? (chs. 2, 8, 9, 11, 14).
Nations Gentiles
Approved rendering: lwm Haiv Neeg
Transliteration: ethnē
Doctrine: The Future of Israel
Inherited from Romans package; reused exactly for Hebrew goyim (LXX ethnē) at Zechariah 2, 8, 9:10, 14 — including the core-passage clause ‘he shall speak peace unto the goyim’ (9:10), a clean cross-Testament reuse.
Remnant
Approved rendering: cov seem
Transliteration: hypoleimma / leimma
Doctrine: The Future of Israel
Inherited from Romans package; reused exactly for Hebrew she’erit at Zechariah 8:6, 12; 13:8-9 (the surviving ‘one-third’ after refining).
Hope
Approved rendering: kev cia siab
Transliteration: elpis
Doctrine: Sanctification and Life in the Spirit
Inherited from Romans package; reused as the root of the NEW compound entry prisoners_of_hope (Zechariah 9:12), taught as confident expectation grounded in God’s promise, not mere optimism, per the Romans-baseline forbidden-substitution caution.
Heir
Approved rendering: tus qub txeeg qub teg
Transliteration: klēronomos
Doctrine: Union with Christ
Inherited from Romans package (concept-linked); the root ‘qub txeeg qub teg’ is reused at Zechariah 2:12 for Hebrew nachal (‘inherit the land’) — here applied to the land itself rather than to a person, with no risk-tier shift.
Kingdom Of God
Approved rendering: lub Nceeg Vaj ntawm Vajtswv
Transliteration: basileia tou theou
Doctrine: Christian Living and Unity in the Church
Inherited from Romans package; must be taught alongside the NEW entries king_melekh (huab tais) and dominion_rule (kev kav) at every occurrence in Zechariah 6, 9, 14, to connect the coming King’s universal reign to the in-breaking Kingdom of God rather than to a merely political empire.
Truth
Approved rendering: qhov tseeb
Transliteration: alētheia
Doctrine: General / Cross-cutting
Inherited from Romans package; reused exactly for Hebrew emet at Zechariah 8:3, 8, 16.
Eternal Life
Approved rendering: txoj sia nyob mus ib txhis
Transliteration: zōē aiōnios
Doctrine: Union with Christ
Inherited from Romans package; the ‘txoj sia’ root is reused as the base of the NEW entry living_waters (Zechariah 14:8, dej muaj txoj sia), a strong positive typological bridge to John 4/7.
Return Repent
Approved rendering: tig rov qab rau kuv
Transliteration: shuv
Doctrine: General / Cross-cutting
NEW. Chapter 1. Standard, already-established Hmong Christian conversion/repentance vocabulary; no collision.
Zion
Approved rendering: Xi-oo
Transliteration: Tsiyyon
Doctrine: God’s Zeal for Zion
NEW (established transliteration). Chapters 1, 2, 8, 9. Personified ‘daughter of Zion’ idiom (9:9, see NEW entry daughter_of_zion) requires a first-use footnote.
Jerusalem
Approved rendering: Yeluxalees
Transliteration: Yerushalayim
Doctrine: Restoration of Jerusalem and the Temple
NEW, already standard in existing Hmong Bible tradition. Chapters 1, 2, 3, 8, 9, 12, 14.
Measuring Line
Approved rendering: hlua ntsuas
Transliteration: chevel middah
Doctrine: Restoration of Jerusalem and the Temple
NEW. Chapters 1, 2. Concrete surveying image, comprehension-level only, no collision.
Ephah Wickedness Personified
Approved rendering: lub thoob ntsuas qoob loo / Kev Phem
Transliteration: eifah / rish’ah
Doctrine: Visions of God’s Sovereign Plan for His People
NEW. Chapter 5. Comprehension gap on the ancient measure-unit only; no collision.
Fasting
Approved rendering: kev yoo mov
Transliteration: tsom
Doctrine: Restoration of Jerusalem and the Temple
NEW. Chapter 7. Established Hmong Christian term; no collision.
Social Justice Quartet
Approved rendering: poj ntsuam, tub ntsuag, qhua txawv teb chaws, thiab cov pluag
Transliteration: almanah, yatom, ger, ani
Doctrine: God’s Zeal for Zion
NEW. Chapter 7. Descriptive social-justice vocabulary; no collision.
Cut Off War Implements
Approved rendering: rho tawm tsheb nees rog, nees rog, thiab hneev xub ua rog
Transliteration: karat
Doctrine: The Coming Messianic King
NEW. Chapter 9 (9:10). Concrete military-disarmament imagery; transfers cleanly, no collision.
Shepherd Flock
Approved rendering: tus yug yaj / pab yaj
Transliteration: ra’ah / tson
Doctrine: Visions of God’s Sovereign Plan for His People
NEW. Chapters 10, 11, 13. Agrarian/pastoral imagery accessible to the Hmong agrarian context; no collision. Reprised at 13:7 (‘strike the shepherd’), quoted in Matt 26:31.
Staff Union Bands
Approved rendering: Kev Sib Koom
Transliteration: chovelim
Doctrine: Visions of God’s Sovereign Plan for His People
NEW. Chapter 11. Symbolic prop-name, low risk, no collision.
Mourning
Approved rendering: quaj ntsuag
Transliteration: misped
Doctrine: The Piercing of the One They Have Pierced (Zechariah 12:10)
NEW. Chapter 12. Standard Hmong grief/lamentation vocabulary; must be distinguished in teaching from ritual ancestor-mourning obligations, since this is covenantal repentance-grief directed at God.
House Of David
Approved rendering: Tsev Neeg Daviv
Transliteration: beit David
Doctrine: The Coming Messianic King
NEW (established transliteration of ‘Daviv’). Chapter 12.
Mount Of Olives
Approved rendering: Roob Txiv Aliv
Transliteration: har hazeitim
Doctrine: Restoration of Jerusalem and the Temple
NEW, built on the inherited grafted_olive_tree root. Chapter 14 (14:4). Clean cross-reference reuse.
Rejoice Shout Acclamation
Approved rendering: zoo siab kawg nkaus … qw nrov nrov
Transliteration: gili me’od … hari’i
Doctrine: The Coming Messianic King
NEW. Chapter 9 (9:9, core passage). Coronation-acclamation double imperative; standard celebratory vocabulary, distinct from cultic pehawm (worship) verbs.
Book Name Zechariah
Approved rendering: Xakhaliya
Transliteration: Zekharyah
Doctrine: General / Cross-cutting
NEW (candidate transliteration). [TRANSLATOR REVIEW NEEDED: confirm existing Hmong Bible tradition spelling for the book name before permanent adoption], per analysis/06_linguistic_gap_analysis.md §4.
Geopolitical Place Names Ch9
Approved rendering: Xolauv (Tyre) / Xidoos (Sidon) / Filixatees (Philistia)
Transliteration: Tsor / Tsidon / Pelesheth
Doctrine: General / Cross-cutting
NEW (established transliteration convention). Chapter 9 (9:1-8), oracle against Tyre, Sidon, Philistia; no doctrinal load beyond geopolitical judgment-oracle context.
Hadad Rimmon
Approved rendering: Hada-Limoos
Transliteration: Hadad-Rimmon
Doctrine: The Piercing of the One They Have Pierced (Zechariah 12:10)
NEW (candidate transliteration, pending review). Chapter 12 (12:11). A byword for intense national mourning (parallel to a known ancient mourning-rite location), not a name requiring independent theological weight; footnote required.
Shinar
Approved rendering: Xinas
Transliteration: Shinar
Doctrine: General / Cross-cutting
NEW (candidate transliteration, pending review). Chapter 5 (5:11). Established place-name; no theological load requiring paraphrase.
Low-Medium Risk Terms
Stumbling Block
Approved rendering: qhov/pob zeb ua rau dawm ceg
Transliteration: proskomma / skandalon / lithos proskommatos
Doctrine: Election and the Sovereignty of God
Inherited from Romans package; retained here ONLY as a negative-contrast anchor: the NEW entry cornerstone_tent_peg (Zechariah 10:4) must be kept lexically and rhetorically distinct from this entry, since cornerstone/tent-peg imagery connotes structural strength (the opposite valence of the ‘stumbling stone’).
Flying Scroll Curse
Approved rendering: phau ntawv ya nyob saum nruab ntug / lus foom tsis zoo
Transliteration: megillah afah / alah
Doctrine: Visions of God’s Sovereign Plan for His People
NEW. Chapter 5. Apocalyptic imagery, comprehension-level only; the curse is explicitly judicial/God-issued, not borrowed Hmong folk curse-vocabulary.
True Justice
Approved rendering: kev txiav txim ncaj ncees
Transliteration: mishpat emet
Doctrine: God’s Zeal for Zion
NEW, built on the inherited righteousness_of_god_righteous root for internal package consistency. Chapter 7.
Riding Donkey Colt
Approved rendering: caij ib tug neeg luav
Transliteration: chamor / ayir
Doctrine: The Coming Messianic King
NEW. Chapter 9 (9:9). Comprehension gap (donkeys not a native Hmong pack/riding animal), not a doctrinal collision; illustrative note on ancient royal-donkey-versus-war-horse convention recommended.
Dominion Rule
Approved rendering: kev kav
Transliteration: mashal
Doctrine: The Coming Messianic King
NEW. Chapter 9 (9:10). Should be taught alongside the inherited kingdom_of_god entry to connect this universal dominion to the in-breaking Kingdom of God rather than to a merely political empire.
Prisoners Of Hope
Approved rendering: cov raug kaw uas muaj kev cia siab
Transliteration: asirei hatiqvah
Doctrine: Visions of God’s Sovereign Plan for His People
NEW, built on the inherited hope root. Chapter 9 (9:12). Comprehension-level note only on the ‘prisoner’ metaphor for exile/affliction.
Cornerstone Tent Peg
Approved rendering: pob zeb ntawm lub kaum tsev / ncej tsev
Transliteration: pinnah / yated
Doctrine: Restoration of Jerusalem and the Temple
NEW. Chapter 10. Must be kept lexically distinct from the inherited stumbling_block entry — opposite rhetorical valence (strength/stability vs. tripping-hazard).
Refine As Silver Gold
Approved rendering: muab ua kom huv raws li kub thiab nyiaj hauv cub thee
Transliteration: tsaraph
Doctrine: Visions of God’s Sovereign Plan for His People
NEW. Chapter 13 (13:9). Comprehension gap on the metallurgical process only, no collision; the surviving ‘one-third’ reuses the inherited remnant entry.
Living Waters
Approved rendering: dej muaj txoj sia
Transliteration: mayim chayim
Doctrine: Restoration of Jerusalem and the Temple
NEW, built on the inherited eternal_life root. Chapter 14 (14:8). Strong positive typological bridge to John 4/7.
Daughter Of Zion
Approved rendering: tus ntxhais Xi-oo / tus ntxhais Yeluxalees
Transliteration: bat-Tsiyyon / bat Yerushalayim
Doctrine: The Coming Messianic King
NEW. Chapter 9 (9:9, core passage). Hebrew personification idiom for the covenant people; requires a first-use footnote for readers unfamiliar with this figure of speech, but no collision with traditional religion.
Medium-High Risk Terms
Lord Of Hosts
Approved rendering: tus TSWV uas Kav Cov Tub Rog Saum Ntuj
Transliteration: YHWH Tsebaoth
Doctrine: Visions of God’s Sovereign Plan for His People
Rejected alternatives: bare ‘Tub Rog’ (soldiers/army) without ‘Saum Ntuj’ qualifier — rejected, risks militaristic-nationalist misreading
NEW. Chapters 1,2,3,4,6,7,8,9,10,13,14. Mandatory teaching note that ‘hosts’ = heavenly/angelic armies under God’s command, not a call to ethnic militarism, especially given ch.9’s disarmament oracle (v.10) sitting alongside its own martial imagery (vv.13-15).
Four Winds Spirits Of Heaven
Approved rendering: plaub tug cua saum ntuj
Transliteration: arba ruchot hashamayim
Doctrine: Visions of God’s Sovereign Plan for His People
Rejected alternatives: any rendering using ‘ntsuj plig’ vocabulary — forbidden, would bleed into the Holy Spirit’s reserved lexical category
NEW. Chapter 6. Deliberately rendered as ‘wind’ (cua), never ‘spirit’ (ntsuj plig), specifically to avoid the third ruach-category bleeding into the mandatory Vaj Ntsuj Plig/ntsuj plig fence; must never take the ‘Vaj’ prefix.
Lowly Humble Afflicted
Approved rendering: tus uas txo nws tus kheej, ib tug pluag
Transliteration: ani
Doctrine: The Coming Messianic King
Rejected alternatives: any phrase built on the ‘hwjchim’ root (e.g. ‘txo hwjchim’) — rejected, would bleed shamanic-power connotations into a term meant to convey the opposite, self-lowering quality
NEW. Chapter 9 (9:9). Deliberately constructed WITHOUT the hwjchim root to keep the humility-domain lexically separate from the power-domain.
Day Of The Lord
Approved rendering: Hnub ntawm tus TSWV
Transliteration: yom-YHWH
Doctrine: Visions of God’s Sovereign Plan for His People
NEW. Chapter 14. Requires a dedicated eschatological teaching note distinguishing this from ordinary calendar ‘hnub’ references and from Hmong New Year/harvest-festival associations.