Cross-Reference Analysis
Matthew — Cross-Reference and Theme Analysis (Hmong Language Package)
0. Method and Scope
This document maps every Old Testament quotation, allusion, and typological pattern in Matthew (chapters 1–28), together with messianic references and parallels to the Romans Hmong Language Package baseline, for the purpose of ensuring (a) doctrinal continuity across the two curricula and (b) rendering consistency wherever the same underlying Hebrew/Greek text, theological term, or theme is shared between Matthew and Romans. No chapter is skipped; chapters contributing no direct OT quotation are explicitly logged with their governing allusion/typology or marked “no direct OT citation — reviewed.”
Every row’s Translation Sensitivity column cross-references the risk tier and rendering already fixed in analysis/07_semantic_analysis.md / analysis/08_core_glossary.md (Matthew) or assets/translation_memory.json (Romans baseline) wherever applicable, and never proposes a new rendering that contradicts either.
1. Cross-Reference Matrix — Full Book Coverage
Chapter 1
| Passage | Theme | Related Character | OT/NT Connection | Translation Sensitivity |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Matthew 1:1-17 | Messiah and Son of David; Fulfillment of OT Prophecy | Abraham, David, genealogical line | Genesis 12:1-3 (Abrahamic promise); 2 Samuel 7:12-16 (Davidic covenant) — typological fulfillment, not direct quotation | Reuses baseline flesh_neutral_descent_body (lub cev nqaij tawv, Critical, TM inherited) conceptually for lineage; genealogy itself is proper names, Low risk. Ties to Matthew’s B5 Son of David entry (Medium). |
| Matthew 1:21 | Messiah; Salvation | angel, Joseph | Echoes Isaiah 7:14; the name “Jesus” (Yeshua, “YHWH saves”) | Reuses baseline salvation_save (kev cawm dim / cawm, High, TM inherited); must be anchored to Yexus Khetos per baseline rule even at the name-etymology level. |
| Matthew 1:22-23 | Fulfillment of OT Prophecy; Messiah | Isaiah | Direct quotation: Isaiah 7:14 (“the virgin shall conceive… Immanuel”) | Critical comprehension/collision risk at the virgin term (B38, High) and fulfillment-formula (B7, Medium); the Isaiah quotation itself has no Hmong-tradition prior rendering surfaced yet — [TRANSLATOR REVIEW NEEDED: confirm HWB Hmong Old Testament rendering of Isaiah 7:14 for exact-quotation consistency, since Matthew must quote it identically to how it will read if/when an Isaiah curriculum is produced.] |
Chapter 2
| Passage | Theme | Related Character | OT/NT Connection | Translation Sensitivity |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Matthew 2:1-12 | Fulfillment of OT Prophecy; Great Commission (anticipatory Gentile inclusion) | Magi | Typological allusion to Isaiah 60:3, 6 (nations bringing gold/incense to Zion’s light) and Psalm 72:10-11 (kings bringing tribute) | Reuses B36 (Magi, Medium); must not use txiv neeb vocabulary. Gentile-inclusion theme parallels baseline nations_gentiles (lwm Haiv Neeg, Low, TM inherited) and anticipates B43 (all nations, 28:19). |
| Matthew 2:5-6 | Messiah and Son of David | Micah | Direct quotation: Micah 5:2 (“out of you shall come a ruler”) | Reuses B5 (Son of David, Medium). Micah’s “ruler” title should render consistently with any future Hmong Micah content; no existing TM entry — log for TM-revision. |
| Matthew 2:15 | Fulfillment of OT Prophecy; Messiah (typology: Israel/Son) | Hosea | Direct quotation: Hosea 11:1 (“out of Egypt I called my son”) | Typological reapplication of corporate Israel-language to the individual Messiah; requires a teaching note distinguishing typological fulfillment from a flat one-to-one prophecy (Hosea originally describes the Exodus generation). Ties to Fulfillment-formula entry (B7, Medium). |
| Matthew 2:17-18 | Fulfillment of OT Prophecy; Judgment (innocent suffering) | Jeremiah, Rachel | Direct quotation: Jeremiah 31:15 (“a voice heard in Ramah, weeping”) | Comprehension-level; no traditional-religion collision, but the grief/mourning vocabulary should reuse cov quaj ntsuag register established at Matthew 5:4 for consistency. |
| Matthew 2:23 | Fulfillment of OT Prophecy; Messiah | (disputed OT source — likely Isaiah 11:1 or Judges 13:5) | Allusion, not a direct quotation formula elsewhere; “he shall be called a Nazarene” | Low-Medium; comprehension gap (wordplay on Hebrew netser/branch not recoverable in Hmong); [TRANSLATOR REVIEW NEEDED: no lexical fix possible — recommend explanatory footnote only, per governing doc §2.4 for ad hoc new-term handling.] |
Chapter 3
| Passage | Theme | Related Character | OT/NT Connection | Translation Sensitivity |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Matthew 3:3 | Fulfillment of OT Prophecy; The Kingdom of Heaven (forerunner) | Isaiah, John the Baptist | Direct quotation: Isaiah 40:3 (“a voice crying in the wilderness”) | Low-Medium comprehension; ties to B4 (repentance, Medium). |
| Matthew 3:17 | Messiah and Son of David (divine sonship); Authority of Jesus’ Teaching | (voice from heaven) | Allusion: Psalm 2:7 (“you are my Son”) + Isaiah 42:1 (“my chosen, in whom I delight”) | Reuses baseline Son of God (Leej Tub ntawm Vajtswv, Low, TM inherited) and Father (Leej Txiv, Low). First Trinitarian appearance; anticipates Matthew 28:19’s Trinitarian formula — theologian-level cross-reference required per governing doc’s multi-Critical-term escalation rule. |
Chapter 4
| Passage | Theme | Related Character | OT/NT Connection | Translation Sensitivity |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Matthew 4:4 | Authority of Jesus’ Teaching; Discipleship | Moses | Direct quotation: Deuteronomy 8:3 | Reuses baseline Scripture (Vaj Lug Kub, Low, TM inherited); models Jesus’ own submission to and authoritative wielding of Scripture — foundational proof-text for Authority doctrine’s source, not merely Jesus’ independent authority. |
| Matthew 4:6 | Authority of Jesus’ Teaching (misused by the tempter) | Satan (quoting Scripture) | Direct quotation (misapplied): Psalm 91:11-12 | Teaching note required: Scripture quoted out of context by Xatas (B20, Low-Medium) — models discernment for Discipleship doctrine. |
| Matthew 4:7 | Authority of Jesus’ Teaching | Moses | Direct quotation: Deuteronomy 6:16 | See above. |
| Matthew 4:10 | The Authority of Jesus’ Teaching; Worship | Moses | Direct quotation: Deuteronomy 6:13 | Reuses B23 (proskyneō/worship, High) by contrast — worship due to God alone, foundational to the pe hawm Vajtswv-only mitigation strategy carried through to 28:9, 28:17. |
| Matthew 4:15-16 | Fulfillment of OT Prophecy; The Kingdom of Heaven (Gentile inclusion anticipated) | Isaiah | Direct quotation: Isaiah 9:1-2 (“Galilee… light to those in darkness”) | Reuses baseline nations_gentiles conceptually (Low, TM inherited); ties to Great Commission anticipation. |
Chapter 5 (vv.13-48; vv.1-12 = core passage, treated fully in 07_semantic_analysis.md §1)
| Passage | Theme | Related Character | OT/NT Connection | Translation Sensitivity |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Matthew 5:5 | The Kingdom of Heaven; Discipleship | David (Psalmist) | Direct quotation: Psalm 37:11 (“the meek shall inherit the land”) | Reuses baseline heir (tus qub txeeg qub teg, Low, TM inherited); strong positive Hmong-lineage bridge, no collision. |
| Matthew 5:17 | The Law and Its Purpose; Fulfillment of OT Prophecy; Authority of Jesus’ Teaching | Moses | Programmatic statement on the whole Torah/Prophets, not a single-verse quotation | Direct parallel to Romans 3:31 (“do we then overthrow the law by this faith? By no means! On the contrary, we uphold the law”) and Romans 10:4 (“Christ is the end/goal of the law”). Both texts must be taught in deliberate harmony: Matthew 5:17’s “fulfill” and Romans 10:4’s “end/goal” (telos) describe the same reality from different angles. Reuses baseline law_mosaic_divine (Txoj Kevcai ntawm Vajtswv/Mauxes, Critical, TM inherited) — mandatory qualifier retained without exception. Cross-curriculum consistency rule: any Hmong phrase used to render “fulfill the Law” in Matthew must not contradict or appear to reverse the Romans package’s own “Txoj Kevcai” qualifier discipline. |
| Matthew 5:21, 27 | The Law and Its Purpose; Righteousness Exceeding the Pharisees | Moses | Direct quotation: Exodus 20:13-14 / Deuteronomy 5:17-18 (Decalogue) | Reuses baseline Law term; the six antitheses (5:21-48) collectively anchor B13 (“You have heard… but I say,” Critical). |
| Matthew 5:31 | The Law and Its Purpose | Moses | Direct quotation: Deuteronomy 24:1 | Ties to Ch.19’s divorce discussion (Medium, comprehension-level per 07_semantic_analysis.md). |
| Matthew 5:38 | The Law and Its Purpose; Righteousness Exceeding the Pharisees | Moses | Direct quotation: Exodus 21:24 / Leviticus 24:20 / Deuteronomy 19:21 (“eye for eye”) | Contrasted with non-retaliation teaching; ties to love your enemies note (High, per 07_semantic_analysis.md’s Hmong clan-honor collision). |
| Matthew 5:43 | Righteousness Exceeding the Pharisees; Discipleship | Moses | Direct quotation: Leviticus 19:18 (“love your neighbor”) | Direct shared-quotation parallel: Romans 13:9 quotes the identical Leviticus 19:18 text within its own ethical-summary argument. Mandatory rendering-consistency rule: the Hmong phrase for “love your neighbor as yourself” in any Matthew 5:43/19:19/22:39 curriculum content MUST be lexically identical to the phrase used (or to be used) in Romans 13:9 content, since both quote the same Hebrew verse. Reuses baseline love (kev hlub, Low, TM inherited). |
| Matthew 5:48 | Righteousness Exceeding the Pharisees; Discipleship | Moses | Allusion: Leviticus 19:2 (“be holy, for I… am holy”) | Reuses B24-adjacent perfection vocabulary (τέλειος, Medium, per 07_semantic_analysis.md); must avoid legalistic-perfectionism drift, consistent with the Justification-by-Faith doctrine’s Critical-tier caution against works-righteousness. |
Chapter 6
| Passage | Theme | Related Character | OT/NT Connection | Translation Sensitivity |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Matthew 6:9-13 | The Kingdom of Heaven; Discipleship | (no single OT citation — liturgical synthesis) | Allusions to covenant-name reverence (Exodus 20:7), daily-bread/manna motif (Exodus 16), and debt-forgiveness (Deuteronomy 15) | No direct OT quotation formula; reuses baseline Father (Low), kingdom_of_heaven (B1, High), debtor (tus tshuav nqi, Low, TM inherited), will_of_god (Medium, TM inherited). Chapter logged as containing allusion clusters rather than formal citations — reviewed. |
| Matthew 6:33 | The Kingdom of Heaven | — | Internal Matthean cross-reference to the other form, βασιλεία τοῦ Θεοῦ | Direct parallel to Romans 14:17 (“the kingdom of God is… righteousness and peace and joy in the Holy Spirit”). Confirms referential equivalence between lub Nceeg Vaj Saum Ntuj Ceeb Tsheej (B1) and baseline lub Nceeg Vaj ntawm Vajtswv (A17) — mandatory equivalence teaching note. |
Chapter 7
| Passage | Theme | Related Character | OT/NT Connection | Translation Sensitivity |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Matthew 7:12 | The Law and Its Purpose; Righteousness Exceeding the Pharisees | Moses, Prophets | Summary allusion to the whole Law and Prophets (“Golden Rule”) | Reuses baseline Law term by summary-reference; Low-Medium, comprehension-level. |
| Matthew 7:23 | Judgment and the End of the Age | David (Psalmist) | Allusion: Psalm 6:8 (“depart from me”) | Ties Judgment doctrine’s severity; reuses judgment-vocabulary substrate shared with B15 (eternal punishment, High). |
| Matthew 7:28-29 | Authority of Jesus’ Teaching | — | Narrative climax of the Sermon; no OT citation, but the crowd’s astonishment functions as the Gospel’s own internal commentary confirming Jesus’ exousia (B11, Critical) exceeds scribal authority | Direct conceptual parallel to Romans 13:1 (exousia used of civil rulers, delegated) — the contrast is theologically important: Matthew 7:29’s exousia is inherent/self-possessed, Romans 13:1’s is derivative/delegated. Both share the lexeme hwjchim in Hmong and must be kept qualifier-distinct (B11 vs. baseline A38) at every occurrence. |
Chapter 8
| Passage | Theme | Related Character | OT/NT Connection | Translation Sensitivity |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Matthew 8:17 | Fulfillment of OT Prophecy; Messiah (Suffering Servant typology) | Isaiah | Direct quotation: Isaiah 53:4 (“he took our illnesses and bore our diseases”) | High doctrinal density: connects healing ministry to the Suffering-Servant trajectory that culminates in the Passion (ch.26-27). Direct typological parallel to Romans 5:6-8 (Christ dying for the ungodly) and to baseline propitiation_atoning_sacrifice (Critical, TM inherited) — this Isaiah 53 quotation is the same Servant Song whose climax (53:5-12) undergirds Paul’s atonement theology; any future Hmong Isaiah-curriculum rendering of Isaiah 53 must be checked for consistency against both this Matthew citation and the conceptual substrate of Romans 3:25’s qhov theej txhoj kev txhaum. |
| Matthew 8:22 | Discipleship and the Cost of Following Jesus | — | No OT citation; Hmong filial/burial-rite collision already logged in 07_semantic_analysis.md (High) | Reuses B34-adjacent filial-priority collision reasoning. |
Chapter 9
| Passage | Theme | Related Character | OT/NT Connection | Translation Sensitivity |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Matthew 9:13 | Righteousness Exceeding the Pharisees; The Church and Church Discipline (mercy over ritual) | Hosea | Direct quotation: Hosea 6:6 (“I desire mercy, not sacrifice”) — repeated at Matthew 12:7 | Reuses baseline mercy (txoj kev khuv leej, Medium, TM inherited), kept lexically distinct from txiaj ntsim/grace per baseline rule. Also reuses the fij sacrificial-domain caution (baseline living_sacrifice, High, TM inherited) — Hosea’s “sacrifice” here must render with the same sacrificial-offering vocabulary flagged in Romans 12:1, since both texts engage the identical Hmong collision risk (spirit-appeasement offerings, fij dab). |
Chapter 10
| Passage | Theme | Related Character | OT/NT Connection | Translation Sensitivity |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Matthew 10:35-36 | Discipleship and the Cost of Following Jesus | Micah | Direct quotation: Micah 7:6 (“set a man against his father”) | Directly reinforces B34 (filial priority, High) — the OT source itself already describes household division, strengthening (not merely illustrating) the doctrine; teaching note must clarify this is descriptive of the cost of faithfulness in every age, not a uniquely Christian innovation. |
| Matthew 10:32-33 | Messiah and Son of David; The Church and Church Discipline (confession) | — | No direct OT citation | Direct parallel to Romans 10:9-10 (“if you confess with your mouth that Jesus is Lord… you will be saved”). Mandatory rendering-consistency rule: the confession-formula phrase lees paub tias Yexus yog tus Tswv established in the Romans package for 10:9 must be reused identically for Matthew 10:32’s confession language, since both describe the same act of public confession before others/before the Father. |
Chapter 11
| Passage | Theme | Related Character | OT/NT Connection | Translation Sensitivity |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Matthew 11:5 | Fulfillment of OT Prophecy; The Kingdom of Heaven | Isaiah | Allusion: Isaiah 35:5-6; Isaiah 61:1 (blind see, lame walk, good news to the poor) | Ties to baseline gospel (Txoj Moo Zoo, Low, TM inherited); Isaiah 61:1’s “good news to the poor” is the same Hebrew/Greek semantic field underlying Matthew 5:3’s “poor in spirit” — teaching note should connect the two for thematic coherence, without collapsing the distinct nuances (economic poverty in Isaiah’s original historical referent vs. spiritual posture in 5:3). |
| Matthew 11:10 | Fulfillment of OT Prophecy; Messiah (forerunner typology) | Malachi | Direct quotation: Malachi 3:1 (“I send my messenger before your face”) | Reuses B39 (angel/messenger, Medium) conceptually for “messenger,” though here applied to John the Baptist (human), not a heavenly angelos — teaching note must distinguish the two referents sharing one Hmong root concept (tubtxib, messenger). |
| Matthew 11:14 | Fulfillment of OT Prophecy; Messiah | Malachi, Elijah | Allusion: Malachi 4:5 (Elijah to come) | Typological, not verbatim; comprehension-level gloss required (Elijah’s identity/role must be introduced). |
| Matthew 11:28-29 | Discipleship and the Cost of Following Jesus; The Authority of Jesus’ Teaching | Jeremiah | Allusion: Jeremiah 6:16 (“ask for the ancient paths… rest for your souls”) | Reuses baseline anthropological ntsuj plig (High, TM inherited) — “rest for the soul” must retain the human-spirit sense, never the “Vaj”-prefixed divine sense. |
Chapter 12
| Passage | Theme | Related Character | OT/NT Connection | Translation Sensitivity |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Matthew 12:7 | Righteousness Exceeding the Pharisees | Hosea | Direct quotation: Hosea 6:6 (repeated from 9:13) | Rendering-consistency rule: must be phrased identically in Hmong at both occurrences (9:13 and 12:7) since it is the same verse quoted twice by Matthew himself — internal consistency requirement, not merely cross-curriculum. |
| Matthew 12:18-21 | Messiah and Son of David (Servant typology); Fulfillment of OT Prophecy; Great Commission (Gentile hope) | Isaiah | Direct quotation: Isaiah 42:1-4 (“my servant… I will put my Spirit upon him… the Gentiles will hope in his name”) | Combines baseline Holy Spirit (Vaj Ntsuj Plig, Critical, TM inherited — mandatory “Vaj” prefix) with nations_gentiles (Low, TM inherited); high doctrinal density text anticipating both the Spirit’s descent (ch.3) and the Great Commission (ch.28). |
| Matthew 12:40 | Fulfillment of OT Prophecy; Messiah (resurrection typology) | Jonah | Direct quotation/typology: Jonah 1:17 (“three days and three nights”) | Comprehension-gap gloss required (B49, Medium); no collision, but requires narrative retelling of the Jonah account for the sign to be intelligible. |
| Matthew 12:28 | The Kingdom of Heaven; Authority of Jesus’ Teaching | — | No direct OT citation; conceptual link to Daniel 7’s kingdom-arrival theme | Reuses B18/B19 (dab/ntiab dab tawm, Critical) directly — the single highest-sensitivity term-pairing in the Language Package, occurring in this verse’s immediate context; escalation per 08_core_glossary.md Governing Note 3 applies. |
Chapter 13
| Passage | Theme | Related Character | OT/NT Connection | Translation Sensitivity |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Matthew 13:14-15 | Judgment and the End of the Age; The Kingdom of Heaven (mystery/hiddenness) | Isaiah | Direct quotation: Isaiah 6:9-10 (“hearing you will hear but not understand”) | Direct parallel to Romans 11:8 (Paul quotes the same hardening-motif tradition, drawing on Isaiah 29:10/Deuteronomy 29:4, thematically continuous with Isaiah 6:9-10) and to baseline hardening (lub siab tawv, Medium, TM inherited). Teaching note should connect Matthew’s parable-hiddenness theme with Romans 11’s Israel-hardening theme as two expressions of the same prophetic hardening-tradition, without conflating their distinct argumentative purposes (parabolic pedagogy vs. Israel’s temporary partial hardening). |
| Matthew 13:35 | Fulfillment of OT Prophecy | David (Psalmist), Asaph | Direct quotation: Psalm 78:2 (“I will open my mouth in parables”) | Low-Medium, comprehension-level; ties fulfillment-formula (B7) to the parabolic teaching mode itself. |
Chapter 14
No formal OT quotation-formula citation in this chapter. Allusions: the feeding of the 5,000 (14:13-21) echoes the manna tradition (Exodus 16) and Elisha’s feeding miracle (2 Kings 4:42-44); Jesus walking on/stilling the sea (14:22-33) echoes Psalm 107:23-29 and the divine sea-mastery motif of Job 9:8, Psalm 77:19. The “ἐγώ εἰμι” self-disclosure (B48, Medium-High) carries the strongest theological weight in this chapter — see 07_semantic_analysis.md for full treatment. Chapter reviewed; no new direct-quotation entries beyond these allusions.
| Passage | Theme | Related Character | OT/NT Connection | Translation Sensitivity |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Matthew 14:22-33 | Messiah and Son of David (divine identity) | Job, David (Psalmist) | Allusion: Psalm 107:23-29; Job 9:8 (God alone masters the sea) | Reuses B48 (ἐγώ εἰμι, Medium-High); the divine-prerogative allusion must be carried by teaching note, not lexical choice, as already documented. |
Chapter 15
| Passage | Theme | Related Character | OT/NT Connection | Translation Sensitivity |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Matthew 15:4 | The Law and Its Purpose; Righteousness Exceeding the Pharisees | Moses | Direct quotation: Exodus 20:12 / Deuteronomy 5:16 (honor father/mother); Exodus 21:17 / Leviticus 20:9 (curses parent) | Reuses baseline Law term (Critical) with mandatory qualifier; contrasted against B28 (tradition of the elders, Medium-High) — the two must be kept referentially distinct despite sharing the kevcai root. |
| Matthew 15:8-9 | Righteousness Exceeding the Pharisees | Isaiah | Direct quotation: Isaiah 29:13 (“their heart is far from me”) | Direct thematic link to core passage’s Matthew 5:8 (“pure in heart,” High, dawb huv collision) — same heart/ritual-purity contrast; rendering-consistency note: the “heart” vocabulary (lub siab) used here should match the phrasing established for 5:8 wherever both appear in the same curriculum module. |
Chapter 16
| Passage | Theme | Related Character | OT/NT Connection | Translation Sensitivity |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Matthew 16:16 | Messiah and Son of David | Peter | No direct OT citation; climactic confession combining Daniel 7 (Son of Man/authority) and Psalm 2 (divine sonship) trajectories | Combines B6 (Christ, title) and baseline Son of God (Low, TM inherited); Gospel’s Christological climax. |
| Matthew 16:19 | The Authority of Jesus’ Teaching; The Church and Church Discipline | Isaiah (background) | Allusion: Isaiah 22:22 (“I will place the key of the house of David on his shoulder”) | Reuses B30 (bind and loose, Medium); the “keys” imagery draws on Isaiah’s royal-steward motif — teaching note should connect delegated stewardship authority (Isaiah 22) to the Church-discipline application (Matthew 18:18), while distinguishing both from Jesus’ own inherent authority (B11, Critical). |
Chapter 17
| Passage | Theme | Related Character | OT/NT Connection | Translation Sensitivity |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Matthew 17:5 | Messiah and Son of David; Authority of Jesus’ Teaching | Moses (typology) | Allusion: Psalm 2:7; Isaiah 42:1 (repeated from 3:17) + Deuteronomy 18:15 (“listen to him” = the prophet like Moses) | Reuses baseline Son of God/Father (Low, TM inherited); the Deuteronomy 18:15 allusion directly reinforces the Authority of Jesus’ Teaching doctrine by casting Jesus as the definitive prophet-like-Moses whose word must be heeded above all others. |
Chapter 18
| Passage | Theme | Related Character | OT/NT Connection | Translation Sensitivity |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Matthew 18:16 | The Church and Church Discipline | Moses | Direct quotation: Deuteronomy 19:15 (“by the testimony of two or three witnesses”) | Reuses baseline witness (tus timkhawv, Low, TM inherited); procedural anchor for church-discipline doctrine, directly inherited from OT judicial procedure — teaching note should note this continuity (biblical church discipline is not an invented novelty but an application of established biblical judicial principle). |
| Matthew 18:17 | The Church and Church Discipline | — | No direct OT citation; reuses B17 (church, Medium) and B31 (excommunication, Medium) | See 07_semantic_analysis.md Ch.18 for full treatment; genuine bridge to Hmong clan-expulsion custom requiring restoration-not-punitive framing. |
Chapter 19
| Passage | Theme | Related Character | OT/NT Connection | Translation Sensitivity |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Matthew 19:4 | The Law and Its Purpose; Discipleship (creation order) | Moses | Direct quotation: Genesis 1:27 (“male and female he created them”) | Direct typological/thematic parallel to Romans 1:26-27 and to baseline creation (tej uas raug tsim los, Low, TM inherited) — the same Genesis creation-order text underlies both Matthew’s marriage teaching and Romans’ broader creation-theology; no lexical conflict, but curriculum designers should note the shared Genesis 1 substrate for consistency in any future Genesis-curriculum rendering. |
| Matthew 19:5 | The Law and Its Purpose | Moses | Direct quotation: Genesis 2:24 (“one flesh”) | Reuses baseline flesh_neutral_descent_body (lub cev nqaij tawv, Critical, TM inherited) — this is a rare case where the neutral-descent sense of “flesh” is used in a marital-union rather than lineage sense; teaching note should clarify this specific nuance without introducing a third flesh-category beyond the baseline’s two (neutral/moral). |
| Matthew 19:7 | The Law and Its Purpose | Moses | Direct quotation: Deuteronomy 24:1 (repeated from 5:31) | Consistency rule: render identically to the 5:31 occurrence within this same Language Package. |
| Matthew 19:18-19 | The Law and Its Purpose; Righteousness Exceeding the Pharisees | Moses | Direct quotation: Exodus 20:12-16 / Deuteronomy 5:16-20 (Decalogue); Leviticus 19:18 (love neighbor, repeated from 5:43/22:39) | Same Leviticus 19:18 rendering-consistency rule as Matthew 5:43 above applies here and at Romans 13:9. |
Chapter 20
No formal OT quotation-formula citation. The ransom saying (20:28, “the Son of Man came… to give his life as a ransom for many”) carries a strong typological allusion to the Suffering Servant of Isaiah 53:10-12 (“he poured out his life… he bore the sin of many”), continuing the Isaiah 53 trajectory opened at 8:17. Chapter reviewed.
| Passage | Theme | Related Character | OT/NT Connection | Translation Sensitivity |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Matthew 20:28 | Messiah and Son of David (Servant typology); Discipleship and the Cost of Following Jesus | Isaiah | Typological allusion: Isaiah 53:10-12 | Reuses B14 (ransom, Medium) and B21 (Son of Man, High); direct conceptual parallel to Romans 3:24-25 (redemption/propitiation) — the same Isaiah 53 substrate underlies both texts. Rendering-consistency note: nqi txhiv (B14) must remain terminologically distinct from baseline kev txhiv (A25/redemption) while both are understood as pointing to the identical atoning reality described differently by Matthew (price-paid-for-captives) and Paul (legal redemption from sin’s bondage). |
Chapter 21
| Passage | Theme | Related Character | OT/NT Connection | Translation Sensitivity |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Matthew 21:5 | Messiah and Son of David; Fulfillment of OT Prophecy | Zechariah, Isaiah | Direct quotation: Zechariah 9:9 (+ echo of Isaiah 62:11); “behold, your king is coming… on a donkey” | Reuses B5 (Son of David, Medium); the royal-humility paradox (king on a donkey, not a warhorse) ties directly to the Beatitudes’ meekness theme (5:5) — cross-reference teaching note recommended. |
| Matthew 21:9 | Messiah and Son of David | David (Psalmist) | Direct quotation: Psalm 118:25-26 (“Hosanna… blessed is he who comes”) | Contains the Greek εὐλογημένος (“blessed,” from eulogeō), a distinct lexeme from μακάριος (B2’s “blessed” in the Beatitudes) — must NOT be rendered with the same koob hmoov-qualified phrase used for B2, to avoid implying the Beatitudes’ fortune-collision risk applies here too; recommend a separate, simpler blessing-formula (tau txais koob ntsig/raug foom koob hmoov under a different qualifying frame) — [TRANSLATOR REVIEW NEEDED: distinguish εὐλογημένος from μακάριος renderings before TM lock, to prevent the Critical-tier B2 qualifier rule from being over-applied to this liturgical-acclamation use.] |
| Matthew 21:13 | The Church and Church Discipline (temple/worship integrity) | Isaiah, Jeremiah | Direct quotation: Isaiah 56:7 (“house of prayer”) + Jeremiah 7:11 (“den of robbers”) | Reuses baseline worship_serve_cultic conceptually (High, TM inherited); no new lexical entry required. |
| Matthew 21:16 | Messiah and Son of David | David (Psalmist) | Direct quotation: Psalm 8:2 (“out of the mouths of babes”) | Low-Medium comprehension; no collision. |
| Matthew 21:33-44 | Judgment and the End of the Age; The Future of Israel (Romans-parallel doctrine, not assigned here but relevant) | Isaiah, David (Psalmist) | Direct quotation: Isaiah 5:1-2 (vineyard); Psalm 118:22-23 (rejected stone becomes cornerstone) | Direct shared-quotation/thematic parallel to Romans 9:33, which quotes the related stumbling-stone tradition (Isaiah 8:14/28:16) using baseline stumbling_block (qhov/pob zeb ua rau dawm ceg, Low-Medium, TM inherited). Rendering-consistency rule: Matthew 21:42’s cornerstone-imagery vocabulary should draw on the same “stone” root vocabulary already fixed for stumbling_block in the Romans package to preserve the reader’s ability to recognize this as the same biblical stone-motif across both curricula. |
Chapter 22
| Passage | Theme | Related Character | OT/NT Connection | Translation Sensitivity |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Matthew 22:24 | The Law and Its Purpose | Moses | Direct quotation: Deuteronomy 25:5 (levirate marriage) | Low-Medium, comprehension-gap (no Hmong levirate-marriage exact analogue, though clan-remarriage customs provide partial bridge). |
| Matthew 22:32 | Messiah and Son of David (implicit resurrection-hope argument) | Moses | Direct quotation: Exodus 3:6 (“God of Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob”) | Reuses baseline eternal_life (Low, TM inherited) conceptually in the resurrection-argument context. |
| Matthew 22:37 | Righteousness Exceeding the Pharisees | Moses | Direct quotation: Deuteronomy 6:5 (“love the Lord your God”) | Reuses baseline love (kev hlub, Low, TM inherited); pairs with 22:39 as the “Greatest Commandment,” ties to Romans 13:8-10’s love-fulfills-the-Law argument. |
| Matthew 22:39 | Righteousness Exceeding the Pharisees | Moses | Direct quotation: Leviticus 19:18 (repeated from 5:43/19:19) | Same Leviticus 19:18 rendering-consistency rule as above; this is the third of three Matthean occurrences (5:43, 19:19, 22:39) plus the Romans 13:9 occurrence — all FOUR must render identically. |
| Matthew 22:44 | Messiah and Son of David | David (Psalmist) | Direct quotation: Psalm 110:1 (“The Lord said to my Lord, sit at my right hand”) | Direct conceptual/typological parallel to Romans 8:34 (“Christ… who is at the right hand of God”) — same enthronement tradition (Psalm 110:1) underlies both; teaching note should connect Matthew 22:44’s Christological argument (David’s Lord is greater than David) with Romans 8:34’s assurance-doctrine use of the identical enthronement image. Also reuses baseline lord (tus Tswv, Low, TM inherited) — note the deliberate wordplay (two different “Lord”s in the Greek/Hebrew text) requires a teaching note since Hmong tus Tswv cannot by itself carry the tetragrammaton/adonai distinction present in the Hebrew. |
Chapter 23
| Passage | Theme | Related Character | OT/NT Connection | Translation Sensitivity |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Matthew 23:39 | Messiah and Son of David; Judgment and the End of the Age | David (Psalmist) | Direct quotation: Psalm 118:26 (repeated from 21:9) | Rendering-consistency rule: identical to 21:9’s occurrence (see εὐλογημένος caution above). |
| Matthew 23:35 | Judgment and the End of the Age | Zechariah son of Barachiah | Allusion: 2 Chronicles 24:20-22 (the murdered prophet-priest Zechariah) | Comprehension-gap gloss required; low collision, historical-reference note only. |
Chapter 24
| Passage | Theme | Related Character | OT/NT Connection | Translation Sensitivity |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Matthew 24:15 | Fulfillment of OT Prophecy; Judgment and the End of the Age | Daniel | Direct quotation/allusion: Daniel 9:27; 11:31; 12:11 (“abomination of desolation”) | Reuses B46 (Medium-High); high doctrinal density, comprehension-gap dominant, no direct traditional-religion collision. |
| Matthew 24:29 | Judgment and the End of the Age | Isaiah | Allusion: Isaiah 13:10; Isaiah 34:4 (cosmic-collapse imagery) | Low-Medium; apocalyptic register requires comprehension-level teaching note, no collision. |
| Matthew 24:30 | Judgment and the End of the Age; Messiah and Son of David | Daniel, Zechariah | Direct quotation/allusion: Daniel 7:13-14 (Son of Man on the clouds, receiving dominion) + Zechariah 12:10 (mourning at his coming) | Reuses B21 (Son of Man, High) at its most theologically loaded occurrence; direct conceptual parallel to Romans 14:10-12 (all will stand before God’s judgment seat) and to baseline judgment-adjacent vocabulary implicit throughout Romans 2, 14 — teaching note should connect Daniel 7’s enthroned Son-of-Man judgment scene to the broader NT judgment-of-all doctrine shared with Romans. |
| Matthew 24:37-39 | Judgment and the End of the Age | Noah | Typology: Genesis 6-7 (the days of Noah) | Low-Medium comprehension typology; Noah narrative is broadly known cross-culturally, minimal collision risk, though care should be taken that the flood-judgment motif is not assimilated to any Hmong flood-legend material without an explicit theologian review of comparative-mythology risk. [TRANSLATOR REVIEW NEEDED: possible collision — confirm no conflation with any Hmong traditional flood narrative exists before finalizing teaching notes.] |
Chapter 25
No formal direct-quotation-formula citation. The Son of Man enthroned in glory, judging the nations (25:31-46) directly continues the Daniel 7:13-14 typology introduced at 24:30 and 16:27-28. Chapter reviewed; no new OT citation beyond this typological continuation.
| Passage | Theme | Related Character | OT/NT Connection | Translation Sensitivity |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Matthew 25:31-46 | Judgment and the End of the Age; Righteousness Exceeding the Pharisees (ethical-practice strand) | Daniel | Typology: Daniel 7:13-14, 22 (the Son of Man given dominion and judgment) | Direct thematic parallel to Romans 2:6-8 (God renders to each according to their works at judgment) and Romans 14:10 — the same final-accounting-before-God doctrine, though Matthew’s ethical criterion (“the least of these”) is framed narratively rather than propositionally. Teaching note must ensure this is not read as contradicting Justification by Faith (works as evidence of genuine faith, not its ground — same distinction the baseline maintains for Romans 2’s judgment-by-works passages). |
Chapter 26
| Passage | Theme | Related Character | OT/NT Connection | Translation Sensitivity |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Matthew 26:28 | The Church and Church Discipline (Lord’s Supper institution); Messiah and Son of David | Moses (Sinai covenant typology), Jeremiah (new covenant) | Typology: Exodus 24:8 (covenant blood); Jeremiah 31:31-34 (new covenant) | Reuses B16 (covenant, Medium); direct conceptual parallel to Romans 11:27 (“this will be my covenant with them, when I take away their sins,” itself quoting Isaiah 59:21/Jeremiah 31:33-34) — the same new-covenant tradition underlies both texts; rendering-consistency note: kev cog lus (ntawm Vajtswv) (B16) should align conceptually, though not necessarily lexically identically, with however the Romans package would render Romans 11:27’s covenant language, since both describe God’s unilateral new-covenant initiative. |
| Matthew 26:31 | Discipleship and the Cost of Following Jesus | Zechariah | Direct quotation: Zechariah 13:7 (“I will strike the shepherd, and the sheep… will be scattered”) | Comprehension-level; ties to the disciples’ failure/restoration arc, relevant to Discipleship doctrine’s cost-and-failure-and-restoration dimension. |
| Matthew 26:64 | Messiah and Son of David; Judgment and the End of the Age | Daniel, David (Psalmist) | Allusion: Daniel 7:13; Psalm 110:1 (combined) | Reuses B21 (Son of Man, High) at the trial’s climax; the combined allusion is Jesus’ own self-testimony under oath, the Gospel’s most direct courtroom Christological claim — ties to Ch.16’s confession and anticipates 28:18’s “all authority.” |
Chapter 27
| Passage | Theme | Related Character | OT/NT Connection | Translation Sensitivity |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Matthew 27:9-10 | Fulfillment of OT Prophecy | Jeremiah, Zechariah | Direct quotation (attributed to Jeremiah, drawing on Zechariah 11:12-13 and Jeremiah 19/32): “thirty pieces of silver” | Medium; comprehension-gap re: the composite-citation convention (attributing to Jeremiah a text substantially from Zechariah) — teaching note required, not a translation-choice issue. |
| Matthew 27:46 | Messiah and Son of David (the cry of dereliction); Judgment and the End of the Age (bearing wrath) | David (Psalmist) | Direct quotation: Psalm 22:1 (“My God, my God, why have you forsaken me?”) | Direct theological parallel to Romans 8:32 (“he did not spare his own Son”) and to baseline wrath_of_god (kev npau taws ntawm Vajtswv, High, TM inherited) — this cry is best taught as Christ bearing the judicial wrath that Romans 1-3 describes as due to all humanity; the Aramaic loanwords “Eli, Eli, lema sabachthani” should be retained transliterated plus gloss, following the established Abba, Leej Txiv convention (baseline, TM inherited). |
| Matthew 27:35, 39, 43, 48 | Messiah and Son of David; Fulfillment of OT Prophecy | David (Psalmist) | Allusions: Psalm 22:7-8, 18; Psalm 69:21 (mocking, dividing garments, sour wine) | Low-Medium comprehension-level typological cluster; the whole Passion narrative is saturated with Psalm 22 language, best taught as a unit rather than verse-by-verse fragmentation. |
Chapter 28
| Passage | Theme | Related Character | OT/NT Connection | Translation Sensitivity |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Matthew 28:18 | The Authority of Jesus’ Teaching; The Great Commission | Daniel | Allusion: Daniel 7:14 (“dominion… that shall not pass away”) | Reuses B11 (authority, Critical) at its fullest extent; direct conceptual parallel to Romans 1:4 (“declared to be the Son of God in power by the resurrection”) — both texts ground Christ’s post-resurrection universal authority in the same exaltation-event; teaching note should link the two. |
| Matthew 28:19 | The Great Commission | — | Allusion: Genesis 1:28 (creation dominion/fruitfulness mandate, typologically echoed in “go… make disciples of all nations”) | Combines B42 (make disciples, Medium), B43 (all nations, Low-Medium), baseline baptism (High), Father (Low), Son of God (Low), Holy Spirit (Critical) — highest term-density Trinitarian unit in the Gospel; direct parallel to Romans 1:5 (“to bring about the obedience of faith among all the nations”) using baseline obedience_of_faith (kev mloog lus ntawm kev ntseeg, Medium, TM inherited) and nations_gentiles-adjacent vocabulary — Matthew’s inclusive “all nations” (B43) and Romans’ opening missionary purpose statement should be taught as the same apostolic mandate viewed from Gospel-narrative and epistolary-programmatic angles respectively. |
| Matthew 28:20 | The Great Commission; Judgment and the End of the Age | — | Reuses B44 (end of the age, Low-Medium) | Closing inclusio with 1:23’s “Immanuel” (God with us) — teaching note should note this deliberate bookend: the Gospel opens and closes on the promise of God’s abiding presence. |
2. Messianic Reference Summary (Aggregated)
| Messianic Strand | Key Matthew Passages | Key OT Roots | Doctrine(s) | Consistency Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Davidic King | 1:1, 1:17, 2:2, 9:27, 12:23, 15:22, 20:30-31, 21:9, 21:15, 22:41-45 | 2 Samuel 7:12-16; Psalm 89; Psalm 110:1; Isaiah 9:6-7; Isaiah 11:1-5 | Messiah and Son of David | B5 (tus Tub ntawm Daviv Vajntxwv) reused consistently at every listed occurrence. |
| Suffering Servant | 8:17; 12:18-21; 20:28; 26-27 (Passion narrative throughout) | Isaiah 42:1-4; Isaiah 53 | Messiah and Son of David; The Authority of Jesus’ Teaching (servant, not conquering-warlord, authority) | Direct typological continuity with Romans 5:6-8, 3:25 (baseline propitiation_atoning_sacrifice, Critical). |
| Son of Man (Danielic) | 8:20; 9:6; 12:8; 16:27-28; 17:9,12,22; 19:28; 20:18,28; 24:27,30,37,39,44; 25:31; 26:2,24,45,64 | Daniel 7:13-14 | Messiah and Son of David; Judgment and the End of the Age | B21 (tus Tub ntawm Tib Neeg, High) — comprehension-collapse risk into “mere human” documented throughout 07_semantic_analysis.md. |
| Emmanuel / God-with-us | 1:23; 18:20 (implicit); 28:20 (inclusio) | Isaiah 7:14 | Messiah and Son of David; Fulfillment of OT Prophecy | B37 (Imanuyees), Medium; deliberate narrative inclusio across the whole book. |
| Prophet like Moses | 5:1-2 (mountain teaching posture); 17:5 | Deuteronomy 18:15 | Authority of Jesus’ Teaching; Fulfillment of OT Prophecy | Ties B8 (prophet, High) and B13 (authoritative reinterpretation formula, Critical). |
| Enthroned Lord (Ps 110) | 22:44; 26:64 | Psalm 110:1 | Messiah and Son of David; Judgment and the End of the Age | Direct parallel to Romans 8:34. |
3. Typological Patterns Across the Whole Book
| Typological Pattern | OT Type | Matthew’s Antitype/Fulfillment | Doctrine(s) | Translation Sensitivity |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| New Moses / New Exodus | Moses receiving the Law at Sinai; Israel called out of Egypt | Jesus called out of Egypt (2:15); Jesus ascending the mountain to teach with authority (5:1); “fulfill the Law” (5:17) | Fulfillment of OT Prophecy; The Authority of Jesus’ Teaching; The Law and Its Purpose | Reuses baseline Law term (Critical) with mandatory qualifier at every typological reference; must avoid implying Jesus is “a second, competing Moses” rather than the Law’s own intended fulfillment. |
| New/True Israel | Israel as God’s called-out, tested son (Hosea 11:1; 40 years wilderness testing) | Jesus as God’s Son called out of Egypt (2:15), tested 40 days in the wilderness (4:1-11) | Messiah and Son of David; Discipleship and the Cost of Following Jesus | Comprehension-level typology; no direct collision, but requires explicit narrative unpacking since the corporate-to-individual application is not self-evident. |
| New/Greater Temple | The Jerusalem Temple as the locus of God’s presence and true worship | ”Something greater than the temple is here” (12:6); the torn temple curtain (27:51) | The Church and Church Discipline (temple imagery extends to the church); The Authority of Jesus’ Teaching | Reuses baseline worship_serve_cultic conceptually (High, TM inherited); teaching note should connect to the church-as-body-of-Christ (Romans 12, baseline body_of_christ, Low, TM inherited) trajectory, without conflating temple-typology with church-ecclesiology prematurely — that development belongs more properly to Paul (1 Corinthians, Ephesians) than to Matthew itself. |
| Passover Lamb / Covenant Blood | The Passover lamb’s blood (Exodus 12); Sinai covenant blood (Exodus 24:8) | The Last Supper instituted at Passover, “this is my blood of the covenant” (26:26-28) | The Church and Church Discipline; Messiah and Son of David | Reuses B16 (covenant, Medium) and baseline propitiation_atoning_sacrifice (Critical) conceptually; direct typological substrate shared with Romans 3:25 and 1 Corinthians 5:7 (future curriculum cross-reference). |
| Jonah / Resurrection Sign | Jonah three days/nights in the fish (Jonah 1:17; 2:1-10) | Jesus three days in the tomb before resurrection (12:40) | Fulfillment of OT Prophecy; Messiah and Son of David | B49 (sign of Jonah, Medium); comprehension-gap requiring full narrative retelling. |
| Isaac / Beloved-Son Sacrifice (background typology) | Abraham’s only/beloved son offered on a mountain (Genesis 22) | The Father’s beloved Son (3:17; 17:5) given over to death; the transfiguration/Gethsemane “mountain” settings | Messiah and Son of David; Discipleship and the Cost of Following Jesus | Background typology, not explicitly cited by Matthew via direct quotation, but widely recognized in the theological tradition; [TRANSLATOR REVIEW NEEDED: confirm whether to surface this typology explicitly in curriculum content or leave implicit, since it is inferential rather than a Matthean direct citation.] |
4. Parallels to the Romans Hmong Language Package — Consolidated Cross-Curriculum Table
| Shared Element | Matthew Locus | Romans Locus | Consistency Requirement |
|---|---|---|---|
| Leviticus 19:18 (“love your neighbor”) | 5:43; 19:19; 22:39 | Romans 13:9 | Mandatory identical Hmong rendering across all four occurrences (three in Matthew, one in Romans), since all quote the same Hebrew/Greek verse. Reuses baseline love (kev hlub, Low, TM inherited). |
| Psalm 32:1-2 μακάριος / Beatitudes μακάριος | 5:3-11 (Beatitudes) | Romans 4:7-8 (Paul quotes Psalm 32:1-2, which uses the identical Greek word μακάριοι) | Newly surfaced consistency gap: the baseline Romans TM/registry does not carry a dedicated entry for μακάριος as it occurs in Romans 4:7-8’s OT quotation. Since Matthew’s B2 (tau koob hmoov ntawm Vajtswv, Critical) now establishes the mandatory-qualifier pattern for this exact Greek word, this pattern should also govern Romans 4:7-8 if/when that verse is quoted in full in any Romans curriculum content, to avoid an inconsistency where the same Greek word receives a qualified rendering in one book and an unqualified one in another. [TRANSLATOR REVIEW NEEDED: flag for Romans-package TM-revision review — Psalm 32:1-2/Romans 4:7-8’s μακάριος should be retrofitted with the same ntawm Vajtswv qualifier logic established here, pending human theologian sign-off, since this is a cross-book consistency issue outside Matthew’s own scope to unilaterally resolve.] |
| Isaiah 8:14/28:16 (stumbling stone) vs. Psalm 118:22-23 (rejected stone/cornerstone) | 21:42-44 | Romans 9:33 | Both use baseline stumbling_block (qhov/pob zeb ua rau dawm ceg, Low-Medium, TM inherited) root vocabulary; render consistently as the shared “stone” motif, while preserving each passage’s distinct argumentative point (Israel’s stumbling in Romans 9; the rejected-cornerstone reversal in Matthew 21). |
| Psalm 110:1 (enthronement at God’s right hand) | 22:44; 26:64 | Romans 8:34 | Conceptual, not verbatim-Hmong-string, consistency: both should be taught as the same enthronement tradition. |
| Isaiah 42:1/53 (Servant, Spirit-anointed) | 8:17; 12:18-21; 20:28 | Romans 5:6-8; baseline propitiation_atoning_sacrifice (Critical) | Conceptual substrate consistency; both must uphold the once-for-all, sufficient nature of Christ’s atoning work, never repeatable-appeasement framing. |
| Jeremiah 31:31-34 (new covenant) | 26:28 | Romans 11:27 | Conceptual consistency for kev cog lus (ntawm Vajtswv) (B16, Medium) across both books’ new-covenant language. |
| Romans 10:9-13 confession formula | 10:32-33 | Romans 10:9-10 | Mandatory identical Hmong phrase lees paub tias Yexus yog tus Tswv reused for Matthew’s confession-before-others language, per the baseline’s forbidden-substitution table entry (Romans package §3.1) prohibiting hu-verb (ritual soul-calling) substitutions for this act. |
| Romans 1:5 obedience of faith / Great Commission | 28:19-20 | Romans 1:5 | Reuses baseline obedience_of_faith (kev mloog lus ntawm kev ntseeg, Medium, TM inherited) as the conceptual bridge between Paul’s stated missionary purpose and Jesus’ Great Commission mandate. |
| Genesis 1:27-28 (creation order/mandate) | 19:4; 28:19 (dominion-mandate echo) | Romans 1:20, 1:26-27 (creation-theology substrate) | Reuses baseline creation (tej uas raug tsim los, Low, TM inherited); no lexical conflict, shared substrate only. |
| Isaiah 6:9-10 / hardening tradition | 13:14-15 | Romans 11:8 | Reuses baseline hardening (lub siab tawv, Medium, TM inherited); connect thematically (parable-hiddenness vs. Israel’s temporary hardening) without conflating distinct argumentative functions. |
hwjchim (exousia/dynamis lexeme family) — Jesus’ inherent authority vs. delegated civil authority vs. shamanic power | 7:29; 8:9; 9:6; 21:23-27; 28:18 (Jesus’ inherent, B11, Critical) | Romans 13:1 (civil, delegated, baseline A38); Romans 1:16 (gospel power, baseline A16, High) | Structural consistency rule carried forward unchanged from the Romans baseline: hwjchim is never bare in any occurrence across either curriculum; the specific qualifier differs by referent (Jesus’ own vs. God’s gospel-power vs. delegated civil authority) but the never-bare rule itself is absolute and identical across both books. |
5. Rendering-Consistency Rules for Shared Quotations (Binding)
- Leviticus 19:18 (“love your neighbor as yourself”) must render identically in Hmong at every occurrence across both curricula: Matthew 5:43, Matthew 19:19, Matthew 22:39, and Romans 13:9. No stylistic variation permitted, per the baseline’s general consistency requirement (governing doc §5) extended here to a specific cross-book quotation.
- Psalm 118:22-23/25-26 (cornerstone; Hosanna/blessed-is-he) must render consistently within Matthew across 21:9, 21:42, and 23:39, and must use a Hmong blessing-vocabulary track distinct from the Critical-tier B2
μακάριος/Beatitudes track, per §1 Chapter 21 note above, to prevent an unwarranted extension of the Beatitudes’koob hmoov-collision mitigation to an unrelated liturgical-acclamation verb. - Deuteronomy 24:1 (certificate of divorce) must render identically at Matthew 5:31 and Matthew 19:7.
- Hosea 6:6 (“I desire mercy, not sacrifice”) must render identically at Matthew 9:13 and Matthew 12:7 (Matthew’s own internal repetition).
- Any OT quotation shared between Matthew and Romans (see §4 table above) that carries a Critical or High doctrine-risk term from the Romans baseline (e.g.,
propitiation_atoning_sacrifice,hwjchim,election_choose) must observe that term’s mandatory qualifier at every Matthew occurrence exactly as it is observed in Romans — no relaxation of the qualifier rule is permitted merely because the citing context has moved to a new book. - The newly surfaced μακάριος consistency gap (§4, row 2) is logged as a required Romans-package TM-revision review item, not resolved unilaterally within this Matthew document, per governing doc §9’s escalation rule for cross-curriculum consistency discoveries.
6. Citation Normalization Convention
- Analysis-document citations (this file and all Phase 1 analysis files) use the standard, machine-normalizable English form:
Book Chapter:verse(e.g.,Isaiah 7:14,Genesis 15:6,Romans 4:7-8,Matthew 5:3). Verse ranges within one chapter use a hyphen (Matthew 5:1-12); cross-chapter ranges are written as two chapter:verse markers joined by a hyphen only when both endpoints are explicitly intended as a single continuous unit (e.g.,Matthew 24:29-31), otherwise cited as separate references, consistent with the baseline Romans convention (analysis/12_ai_translation_requirements.md§7). - In-curriculum Hmong-language citations for Matthew are proposed to follow the identical structural pattern already fixed for Romans (
Loos [chapter]:[verse]): Mathais [chapter]:[verse], e.g.Mathais 5:3, with full first-reference titleTsab Moo Zoo uas Mathais Sau(“The Good-News Account that Matthew Wrote”), abbreviated thereafter to Mathais. [TRANSLATOR REVIEW NEEDED: confirm “Mathais” against existing Hmong Bible tradition (HWB) book-name convention before TM lock, following the same verification standard applied to “Loos” in the Romans baseline.] - OT book-name transliterations referenced within Hmong-language curriculum content (Isaiah, Daniel, Hosea, Zechariah, etc.) are not yet fixed in any TM and are logged here as an open item for a future Old-Testament-curriculum TM-revision cycle; this document does not unilaterally assign them.
7. Full-Book Coverage Confirmation
All 28 chapters of Matthew have been reviewed above for OT quotation, allusion, typology, and messianic-reference content, with explicit “no formal quotation — allusion/typology only” notations logged for chapters 14, 20, and 25 rather than silent omission. No chapter was skipped. All findings are provisional pending the [TRANSLATOR REVIEW NEEDED] items flagged throughout, consistent with governing doc §9’s escalation rules.