Core Glossary

Ephesians — Core Glossary (Hmong Language Package, Phase 1 Draft)

Legend

Status: Reused — Romans TM (fixed, permanent, must not vary) / NEW — proposed (pending TM-revision review) / NEW — CRITICAL FLAG (pending, requires mandatory theologian review before any provisional use)
Risk: Critical / High / Medium / Low (per baseline definitions)
Doctrine: one or more of the nine assigned Ephesians doctrines (abbreviated) — SGF (Salvation by Grace through Faith), EP (Election & Predestination in Christ), BC (Church as Body of Christ), UJG (Unity of Jews & Gentiles), MCR (Mystery of Christ Revealed), SWA (Spiritual Warfare & Armor of God), HCR (Household Codes & Christ-Centered Relationships), GBC (Gifts for Building Up the Church), WNL (Walking in Newness of Life), GEN (General/Cross-cutting)

#	English Term	Greek / Transliteration	Hmong Rendering	Risk	Doctrine(s)	Chapters	Status	Notes
1	God	θεός / theos	Vajtswv	Low	GEN	all	Reused — Romans TM	—
2	Lord (divine)	κύριος / kyrios	tus Tswv	Low	GEN	all	Reused — Romans TM	Must be kept distinct from human “master” sense in ch.6 (#62).
3	Jesus Christ	Ἰησοῦς Χριστός / Iēsous Christos	Yexus Khetos	Low	GEN	all	Reused — Romans TM	—
4	Father (God)	πατήρ / patēr	Leej Txiv	Low	EP, BC	1, 2, 3, 4, 6	Reused — Romans TM	—
5	Holy Spirit	πνεῦμα ἅγιον / pneuma hagion	Vaj Ntsuj Plig	Critical	BC, GBC, WNL	1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6	Reused — Romans TM	Mandatory `Vaj` prefix at every occurrence, incl. 4:30 grieving and 5:18 filling.
6	Son of God	υἱὸς θεοῦ / huios theou	Leej Tub ntawm Vajtswv	Low	BC	1, 4	Reused — Romans TM	—
7	Gospel	εὐαγγέλιον / euangelion	Txoj Moo Zoo	Low	MCR, GBC	1, 3, 6	Reused — Romans TM	—
8	Apostle	ἀπόστολος / apostolos	tus Tub Txib	Medium	GBC	1, 2, 3, 4	Reused — Romans TM	—
9	Servant/Slave	δοῦλος / doulos	qhev	High	HCR	6	Reused — Romans TM	Applied to household slaves in 6:5-9; distinct from #62.
10	Grace	χάρις / charis	txiaj ntsim	Critical	SGF, EP	1, 2, 3, 4, 6	Reused — Romans TM	Never `koob hmoov`.
11	Peace	εἰρήνη / eirēnē	kev thaj yeeb	Low	UJG, SWA	1, 2, 4, 6	Reused — Romans TM	—
12	Faith/Believe	πίστις / pistis	kev ntseeg	Medium	SGF, SWA	1, 2, 3, 4, 6	Reused — Romans TM	—
13	Promise	ἐπαγγελία / epangelia	lus cog tseg	Low	EP, MCR	1, 2, 3	Reused — Romans TM	Base for #40 covenant disambiguation.
14	Nations/Gentiles	ἔθνη / ethnē	lwm Haiv Neeg	Low	UJG	2, 3	Reused — Romans TM	—
15	Jew	Ἰουδαῖος / Ioudaios	cov Yudas	Low	UJG	2	Reused — Romans TM	—
16	Flesh (neutral)	σάρξ / sarx	lub cev nqaij tawv	Critical	HCR	2, 5	Reused — Romans TM	Used for 5:31 “one flesh”; keep neutral sense only.
17	Flesh (moral)	σάρξ / sarx	kev xav/kev ua raws li lub cev nqaij tawv	Critical	SGF, WNL	2	Reused — Romans TM	Used for 2:3 “passions of the flesh.”
18	Righteousness (of God)	δικαιοσύνη θεοῦ / dikaiosynē theou	Vajtswv txoj kev ncaj ncees	Critical	SGF, SWA	6	Reused — Romans TM	Ch.6 “breastplate of righteousness.”
19	Circumcision	περιτομή / peritomē	kev txiav (raws li Txoj Kevcai Mauxes)	Medium	UJG	2	Reused — Romans TM	—
20	Wrath of God	ὀργὴ θεοῦ / orgē theou	kev npau taws ntawm Vajtswv	High	SGF	2	Reused — Romans TM	”Children of wrath,” 2:3.
21	Truth	ἀλήθεια / alētheia	qhov tseeb	Low	SWA, WNL	1, 4, 5, 6	Reused — Romans TM	Belt of truth, ch.6.
22	Sin (act & condition)	ἁμαρτία / hamartia	txhaum / kev txhaum	High	SGF	2	Reused — Romans TM	Eph 2:1.
23	Trespass	παράπτωμα / paraptōma	kev ua txhaum	Medium	SGF	1, 2	Reused — Romans TM	Kept distinct from #22.
24	Redemption	ἀπολύτρωσις / apolytrōsis	kev txhiv	Medium	SGF, WNL	1, 4	Reused — Romans TM	”Day of redemption,” 4:30.
25	Boasting	καύχησις / kauchēsis / kauchaomai	kev khav theeb	Low	SGF	2	Reused — Romans TM	—
26	Reconciliation	ἀποκαταλλάσσω / apokatallassō	kev sib haum xeeb (nrog Vajtswv)	Medium	UJG	2	Reused — Romans TM, doctrinal extension	Must now carry BOTH vertical and horizontal (Jew-Gentile) senses; see §07 ch.2 note.
27	Death	θάνατος / thanatos	txoj kev tuag	Low	SGF	2	Reused — Romans TM	Applied metaphorically to spiritual deadness, 2:1, 5.
28	Baptism	βάπτισμα / baptisma	kev cai raus dej	High	BC	4	Reused — Romans TM	Part of sevenfold unity formula, 4:5.
29	Adoption as sons	υἱοθεσία / huiothesia	raug muab coj los ua me tub (ntawm Vajtswv)	Medium	EP	1	Reused — Romans TM	—
30	Heir	κληρονόμος / klēronomos	tus qub txeeg qub teg	Low	EP, MCR	1, 3	Reused — Romans TM	Base for #43 inheritance, #46 fellow heirs.
31	Glory	δόξα / doxa	lub yeeb koob	Low	GEN	1, 3	Reused — Romans TM	—
32	Election/Choose	ἐκλέγομαι / eklegomai	kev xaiv (Vajtswv xaiv raws li nws lub siab nyiam)	Critical	EP	1	Reused — Romans TM	Never `hmoov`-family vocabulary.
33	Foreknow/Predestine	προορίζω / proorizō	twb paub ua ntej lawm / twm chaw ua ntej lawm	High	EP, SGF	1, 2	Reused — Romans TM	Also underlies “prepared beforehand,” 2:10.
34	Power (divine)	δύναμις / dynamis	Vajtswv hwjchim (mandatory qualifier)	High	EP, BC	1, 3	Reused — Romans TM	Never bare `hwjchim`.
35	Salvation/Save	σῴζω / sōzō	kev cawm dim / cawm	High	SGF, SWA	2, 6	Reused — Romans TM	”Helmet of salvation,” 6:17; always anchored to Yexus Khetos.
36	Body of Christ	σῶμα Χριστοῦ / sōma Christou	lub cev ntawm Khetos	Low	BC, GBC	1, 3, 4	Reused — Romans TM	Extended by #52 fellow-body, #38 fullness.
37	Kingdom of God/Christ	βασιλεία / basileia	lub Nceeg Vaj ntawm Vajtswv	Low	HCR	5	Reused — Romans TM	”Kingdom of Christ and God,” 5:5.
38	Love	ἀγάπη / agapē	kev hlub	Low	HCR, WNL	1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6	Reused — Romans TM	—
39	Hope	ἐλπίς / elpis	kev cia siab	Low	BC	1, 2, 4	Reused — Romans TM	Part of sevenfold unity formula.
40	Mercy	ἔλεος / eleos	txoj kev khuv leej	Medium	SGF	2	Reused — Romans TM	Kept distinct from grace.
41	In Christ (union formula)	ἐν Χριστῷ / en Christō	nyob hauv Khetos	High	SGF, BC	1, 2, 4	Reused — Romans TM	Governs core-passage logic throughout 2:1-10.
42	Will of God	θέλημα θεοῦ / thelēma theou	Vajtswv lub siab nyiam	Medium	EP	1	Reused — Romans TM	—
43	Spiritual gift (individual)	χάρισμα πνευματικόν / charisma pneumatikon	ib yam khoom plig ntawm Vaj Ntsuj Plig	Medium	GBC	—	Reused — Romans TM	Distinguish from #56 (office-gift) and #59 (simple gift).
44	Scripture	γραφή / graphē	Vaj Lug Kub	Low	GEN	—	Reused — Romans TM	Distinguish from #77 rhēma (spoken word).
45	Idol/Idolater	εἴδωλον / εἰδωλολάτρης / eidōlon / eidōlolatrēs	dab mlom	High	HCR	5	Reused — Romans TM	5:5 covetous-person-as-idolater; teaching note on redefinition of idolatry.
46	Mystery	μυστήριον / mystērion	zaj lus zais cia	Low-Medium	MCR, UJG, HCR	1, 3, 5, 6	Reused — Romans TM	Central term for MCR doctrine; also applied to marriage, 5:32.
47	Renewal of the mind	ἀνανεοῦσθαι τῷ πνεύματι τοῦ νοός / ananeousthai	hloov siab tshiab	Low-Medium	WNL	4	Reused — Romans TM	Slightly different Greek phrase than Romans source; same rendering applies.
48	Hardening	πώρωσις / pōrōsis	lub siab tawv	Medium	WNL	4	Reused — Romans TM	—
49	Blessing (spiritual)	εὐλογία / eulogia	txoj koob hmoov ntawm Vajtswv (hauv Khetos)	Critical	SGF, EP	1	NEW — CRITICAL FLAG	`koob hmoov` collides with fate/fortune per Romans baseline’s grace entry; mandatory God-ward qualifier; requires theologian review before TM-lock.
50	Forgiveness	ἄφεσις / aphesis	kev zam txim	Medium	SGF	1	NEW — proposed	Must be anchored God-ward.
51	Stewardship/Plan	οἰκονομία / oikonomia	Vajtswv txoj kev npaj/kev tu	Medium	MCR, GBC	1, 3	NEW — proposed	Applied to God’s plan (ch.1) and Paul’s ministry (ch.3).
52	Inheritance	κληρονομία / klēronomia	qub txeeg qub teg	Low	EP	1	NEW — proposed	Positive clan-lineage bridge.
53	Sealed	σφραγίζω / sphragizō	raug ntxig cim (los ntawm Vaj Ntsuj Plig)	High	BC, WNL	1, 4	NEW — proposed	Risk of confusion with protective amulet-marking; mandatory Spirit-anchor.
54	Guarantee/down payment	ἀρραβών / arrabōn	thawj nqi them ua ntej	Low-Medium	EP	1	NEW — proposed	Economic-legal bridge.
55	Fullness	πλήρωμα / plērōma	qhov puv npo (ntawm Khetos)	Medium	BC	1, 3, 4	NEW — proposed	Consistent qualifier required at every occurrence.
56	Head (headship)	κεφαλή / kephalē	taub hau	Medium-High	BC, HCR	1, 4, 5	NEW — proposed	Must pair with self-sacrificial-love qualifier in HCR contexts (5:23-25).
57	Church	ἐκκλησία / ekklēsia	pawg ntseeg	Low	BC, GBC, HCR	1–6	NEW — proposed (formalized)	Already implicit in Romans TM `deacon_servant` entry.
58	Heavenly rank-powers (positive)	ἀρχή, ἐξουσία, δύναμις, κυριότης / archē, exousia, dynamis, kyriotēs	txhua tus thawj kav, txhua tug muaj hwjchim, txhua yam muaj zog, thiab txhua tug uas kav	High	EP, SWA	1	NEW — proposed	Must be taught with #74 (evil cosmic powers) as two aspects of one doctrine: Christ’s supremacy.
59	Gift (salvation itself)	δῶρον / dōron	khoom plig	Medium	SGF	2	NEW — proposed	Distinguish from #43 and #56 (office-gift).
60	Works (of self-effort)	ἔργα / erga	tej haujlwm/kev ua ntawm tus kheej	High	SGF	2	NEW — proposed	Contrast sharply with #61; core to Eph 2:8-9 doctrine.
61	Good works (fruit)	ἔργα ἀγαθά / erga agatha	tej haujlwm zoo	High	SGF, WNL	2	NEW — proposed	Never conflated with #60.
62	Workmanship	ποίημα / poiēma	yam Vajtswv tsim los	Medium	SGF	2	NEW — proposed	—
63	Made alive together with Christ	συζωοποιέω / synzōopoieō	ua rau muaj txoj sia nrog Khetos	Critical	SGF, BC	2	NEW — CRITICAL FLAG	Collision risk with hu plig (shamanic soul-recall ritual); mandatory Christ-anchor; core passage’s pivotal verb.
64	Raised with Christ	συνεγείρω / synegeirō	raug sawv nrog Khetos rov qab los	High	SGF, BC	2	NEW — proposed	Present spiritual reality, not future-only.
65	Seated with Christ	συγκαθίζω / synkathizō	raug kom zaum nrog Khetos	Medium-High	SGF, BC, EP	2	NEW — proposed	Positional, “already/not yet” framing required.
66	Heavenly places	ἐπουράνιος / epouranios	thaj chaw saum ntuj ceeb tsheej	Medium	BC, SWA	1, 2, 3, 6	NEW — proposed	Distinguish from ordinary “ntuj” (sky) to avoid animistic sky-domain confusion.
67	Covenants of promise	διαθῆκαι / diathēkai	tej lus cog tseg (raws li tej kev cog lus)	Medium	UJG	2	NEW — proposed	Disambiguate from single “promise.”
68	Blood of Christ	αἷμα / haima	cov ntshav ntawm Khetos	Medium	UJG, SGF	2	NEW — proposed	Reinforces `propitiation_atoning_sacrifice`.
69	Dividing wall	φραγμός / phragmos	sab ntsa/phaj kem cais	Low-Medium	UJG	2	NEW — proposed	Concrete image, good bridge.
70	One new man/humanity (corporate)	εἷς καινὸς ἄνθρωπος / heis kainos anthrōpos	ib haiv neeg tshiab	High	UJG	2	NEW — proposed	Core UJG doctrine term; distinct from #75 individual “new self.”
71	Cross	σταυρός / stauros	tus ntoo khaub lig	Low	UJG, SGF	2	NEW — proposed	Established Hmong Christian term.
72	Access	προσαγωγή / prosagōgē	kev nkag mus ze (rau Vajtswv/Leej Txiv)	Low-Medium	UJG, MCR	2, 3	NEW — proposed	—
73	Fellow citizens / household of God	συμπολῖται / oikeioi τοῦ θεοῦ	cov neeg npoj tebchaws ib yam / tsev neeg ntawm Vajtswv	Low-Medium	UJG	2	NEW — proposed	Positive clan/civic bridge.
74	Cosmic powers of evil	ἀρχαί, ἐξουσίαι, κοσμοκράτορες, πνευματικὰ τῆς πονηρίας	cov thawj kav thiab cov muaj hwjchim uas nyob hauv qhov tsaus ntuj, thiab tej hwjchim phem sab ntsuj plig	Critical	SWA	6	NEW — CRITICAL FLAG	Highest collision-risk term in the book; must contrast with shamanic spirit-combat and with `governing_authority` (civil, distinct referent); mandatory theologian review.
75	Old self / New self (individual)	ὁ παλαιὸς / ὁ καινὸς ἄνθρωπος	tus qub / tus tshiab	Medium-High	WNL	4	NEW — proposed	Clothing-metaphor bridge; distinct from #70 corporate sense.
76	Grieve the Spirit	λυπεῖτε τὸ πνεῦμα / lypeite to pneuma	ua rau Vaj Ntsuj Plig nyuaj siab	Medium	WNL	4	NEW — proposed	Mandatory `Vaj` prefix.
77	Word of God (spoken)	ῥῆμα θεοῦ / rhēma theou	Vajtswv Txoj Lus (uas hais tawm)	Medium	SWA	6	NEW — proposed	Disambiguate from `Vaj Lug Kub` (#44, written Scripture).
78	Armor of God	πανοπλία τοῦ θεοῦ / panoplia tou theou	cuab yeej ntaus rog ntawm Vajtswv	High	SWA	6	NEW — proposed	Defensive/protective framing mandatory; not shamanic ritual combat tools.
79	Devil	διάβολος / diabolos	Ntxwg Nyoog	Medium	SWA	6	NEW — proposed (established usage formalized)	Distinct from generic `dab`.
80	Filled with the Spirit	πληροῦσθε ἐν πνεύματι / plērousthe en pneumati	kom puv npo ntawm Vaj Ntsuj Plig	Critical	WNL, GBC	5	NEW — CRITICAL FLAG	Collision risk with shamanic trance-possession; mandatory non-trance teaching note; mandatory `Vaj` prefix.
81	Submit/Submission	ὑποτάσσω / hypotassō	txo hwjchim rau / nyob hauv kev tswj	High	HCR	5	NEW — proposed	Must begin from mutual-submission (5:21) frame; paired with sacrificial-love command; mandatory theologian review given cultural sensitivity.
82	Fragrant offering and sacrifice (of Christ)	προσφορὰ καὶ θυσία / prosphora kai thysia	khoom fij uas muaj tsw qab ncho (ntawm Khetos)	Critical	SGF, HCR	5	NEW — CRITICAL FLAG	Reuses `fij` domain; must reinforce (not duplicate) `propitiation_atoning_sacrifice`; never assimilated to shamanic appeasement.
83	Children/fruit of light	τέκνα/καρπὸς φωτός / tekna/karpos phōtos	cov me nyuam / txiv ntawm qhov kaj	Low-Medium	WNL	5	NEW — proposed	Light/darkness dualism transfers well.
84	Prophet	προφήτης / prophētēs	tus cev Vajtswv lus	High	GBC, UJG	2, 4	NEW — proposed	Must be distinguished from shamanic spirit-medium (txiv neeb).
85	Evangelist / Pastor-Shepherd / Teacher	εὐαγγελιστής, ποιμήν, διδάσκαλος	tus qhia Txoj Moo Zoo / tus yug yaj / xibhwb	Low-Medium	GBC	4	NEW — proposed	Fivefold ministry offices, with #8 apostle and #84 prophet.
86	Cornerstone / Holy temple	ἀκρογωνιαῖος / ναὸς ἅγιος	pob zeb ncej taum / lub tuam tsev dawb huv	Low-Medium / High	BC, UJG	2	NEW — proposed	Temple term risks confusion with household ancestral shrine; mandatory metaphor-only teaching note.
87	Walk (ethical conduct)	περιπατέω / peripateō	taug kev	Low	WNL	2, 4, 5	NEW — proposed	Book-wide recurring metaphor; mandatory rendering-consistency across all occurrences.
88	Calling	κλῆσις / klēsis	kev raug hu (los ntawm Vajtswv)	Medium-High	EP	4	NEW — proposed	Same fate-collision family as `election_choose`; never `hmoov`.
89	Unity of the Spirit	ἑνότης τοῦ πνεύματος / henotēs tou pneumatos	kev sib koom ua ib los ntawm Vaj Ntsuj Plig	Medium	BC	4	NEW — proposed	Mandatory `Vaj` prefix.
90	Master (human, household)	κύριος (household sense) / kyrios	tus tswv (ntawm cov qhev)	Medium	HCR	6	NEW — proposed	Must be kept distinct from #2 divine `tus Tswv`.

Summary Notes for Phase 2 Handoff

Three new Critical-tier collision terms requiring mandatory human theologian review before any TM-lock: blessing/eulogia (#49, fate-collision), made alive together with Christ/synzōopoieō (#63, shamanic soul-recall collision), cosmic powers of evil/6:12 (#74, spirit-warfare collision), and filled with the Spirit/5:18 (#80, trance-possession collision), and fragrant offering and sacrifice of Christ/5:2 (#82, sacrificial-appeasement collision). These five terms carry the same severity class as the Romans baseline’s grace, election_choose, propitiation_atoning_sacrifice, and holy_spirit entries and must be routed identically.
All terms already fixed in the Romans TM are reused verbatim with zero deviation, per the hard governing rule; none of the 48 reused entries above introduce any alternate gloss.
Distinct multi-referent risk pairs requiring mandatory disambiguation in Phase 2 content: tus Tswv (divine) vs. tus tswv (human master, #90); Vaj Ntsuj Plig vs. generic evil-spirit influence (Eph 2:2, flagged in §07); heis kainos anthrōpos corporate (#70) vs. kainos anthrōpos individual (#75); governing_authority (civil, Romans TM) vs. cosmic powers of evil (#74, spiritual); Vaj Lug Kub (written Scripture, #44) vs. rhēma theou (spoken word, #77).
This glossary is a Phase 1 analytical artifact. All “NEW — proposed” and “NEW — CRITICAL FLAG” entries require formal TM-revision review and human theologian sign-off before being promoted to a permanent, unmodifiable Phase 2 translation-memory entry, per analysis/12_ai_translation_requirements.md §2.4, §9, and the governing baseline’s §10 non-contradiction principle.

Critical Risk Terms

Holy Spirit

Approved rendering: Vaj Ntsuj Plig
Transliteration: pneuma hagion / pneuma hagiōsynēs
Doctrine: The Church as the Body of Christ
Rejected alternatives: bare ntsuj plig (no Vaj prefix) — rejected, denotes an animistic wandering human soul

Fixed collocation; ‘Vaj’ prefix mandatory at every occurrence including Efexus 1:13 (sealing), 4:3 (unity), 4:30 (grieving), 5:18 (filling), 6:17-18 (sword/prayer). Inherited from Romans package. Efexus 2:2 introduces a distinct, NEW, non-Holy-Spirit ‘spirit now working’ referent (see spirit_now_working below) that must never share this rendering or the bare ntsuj plig rendering.

Grace

Approved rendering: txiaj ntsim
Transliteration: charis
Doctrine: Salvation by Grace through Faith
Rejected alternatives: koob hmoov (fortune/blessing tied to fate and ritual correctness) — PERMANENTLY FORBIDDEN for this sense; would invert sola gratia

koob hmoov reserved exclusively for ordinary material ‘blessing’ contexts, never for salvific grace. Inherited from Romans package. Governs the core passage’s thesis (Efexus 2:5,8) and 1:6-7’s ‘riches of his grace’; sits in immediate proximity to the NEW, separately-flagged blessing_spiritual entry (1:3), compounding risk.

Flesh Neutral Descent Body

Approved rendering: lub cev nqaij tawv
Transliteration: sarx (neutral)
Doctrine: Household Codes and Christ-Centered Relationships
Rejected alternatives: bare nqaij used unmarked for both senses — rejected, collapses neutral and moral senses of flesh

Must be kept lexically distinct from flesh_moral_sinful_nature. Inherited from Romans package. Applied idiomatically to Efexus 5:31’s ‘one flesh’ (Genesis 2:24 quotation); must retain the neutral sense here, never drifting into the moral/sinful-nature sense used at 2:3.

Flesh Moral Sinful Nature

Approved rendering: kev xav/kev ua raws li lub cev nqaij tawv
Transliteration: sarx (moral)
Doctrine: Salvation by Grace through Faith
Rejected alternatives: bare nqaij tawv reused unmarked from neutral sense — rejected, undermines the flesh/Spirit contrast

Distinct periphrasis. Inherited from Romans package. Governs the core passage’s Efexus 2:3, ‘passions of our flesh’.

Righteousness Of God Righteous

Approved rendering: Vajtswv txoj kev ncaj ncees / tus ncaj ncees
Transliteration: dikaiosynē theou / dikaios
Doctrine: Salvation by Grace through Faith
Rejected alternatives: bare ‘kev ncaj ncees’ without the reckoning qualifier — rejected, reads as self-achieved moralism

Inherited from Romans package. Appears as the ‘breastplate of righteousness’ (Efexus 6:14); must retain the forensic, imputed force even inside the martial armor metaphor, never read as self-achieved moral virtue worn like a garment.

Justify Reckon As Righteous

Approved rendering: ua kom ncaj ncees / raug suav tias ncaj ncees
Transliteration: dikaioō / logizomai
Doctrine: Salvation by Grace through Faith
Rejected alternatives: ‘ua zoo’ (do good) framing — rejected, reintroduces works-righteousness

Fixed accounting-metaphor phrase for imputation. Inherited from Romans package. Must always be taught alongside the NEW works_self_effort / good_works_fruit distinction (Efexus 2:9-10) to prevent the same works-righteousness inversion documented in the Romans baseline.

Law Mosaic Divine

Approved rendering: Txoj Kevcai (ntawm Vajtswv / Mauxes)
Transliteration: nomos
Doctrine: Unity of Jews and Gentiles in One New Humanity
Rejected alternatives: bare ‘Txoj Kevcai’ without qualifier — rejected, collapses into kev cai dab qhuas (ancestral spirit-worship customs)

Qualifier ‘(ntawm Vajtswv / Mauxes)’ mandatory at every occurrence. Inherited from Romans package. Underlies Efexus 2:15’s ‘law of commandments’ abolished in Christ’s flesh as the basis for Jew-Gentile unity.

Propitiation Atoning Sacrifice

Approved rendering: qhov theej txhoj kev txhaum
Transliteration: hilastērion
Doctrine: Salvation by Grace through Faith
Rejected alternatives: transliterated loanword — rejected, bare ‘qhov theej’ without a ‘once for all, sufficient’ qualifying clause — rejected

Must be taught as once-for-all, sufficient, unrepeatable. Inherited from Romans package. Reinforced by the NEW blood_of_christ (2:13) and fragrant_offering_sacrifice_of_christ (5:2) entries, which must never be presented as separate or additional sacrificial events.

Election Choose

Approved rendering: kev xaiv (Vajtswv xaiv raws li nws lub siab nyiam)
Transliteration: eklogē / eklegomai
Doctrine: Election and Predestination in Christ
Rejected alternatives: hmoov (impersonal fate/fortune) vocabulary — PERMANENTLY FORBIDDEN, collapses personal divine choice into fatalism

Volitional verb-phrase mandatory, never a bare noun. Inherited from Romans package. Efexus 1:4, the letter’s clearest election statement, sits one breath from the NEW blessing_spiritual entry (1:3), compounding fate-collision risk beyond the Romans baseline’s original documentation.

Made Alive With Christ

Approved rendering: ua rau muaj txoj sia nrog Khetos
Transliteration: synzōopoieō
Doctrine: Salvation by Grace through Faith
Rejected alternatives: standalone/bare verb use — rejected, must always co-occur with the in_christ_union_formula/Yexus Khetos anchor

NEW — CRITICAL FLAG, mandatory human theologian review before permanent TM-lock. Core passage’s pivotal verb (Efexus 2:5). Collides with hu plig (‘calling back the soul/life-force’), the Hmong shamanic ritual performed by a txiv neeb to revive a sick or dying person. Mandatory catechetical note: this is a once-for-all, Spirit-wrought spiritual resurrection accomplished by grace through union with Christ’s own resurrection, not a repeatable shamanic soul-recall technique performed by a ritual specialist.

Blessing Spiritual

Approved rendering: txoj koob hmoov ntawm Vajtswv (hauv Khetos)
Transliteration: eulogia
Doctrine: Election and Predestination in Christ
Rejected alternatives: bare ‘koob hmoov’ with no qualifier — FORBIDDEN, the natural Hmong lexeme is the very term permanently forbidden for grace in the Romans baseline

NEW — CRITICAL FLAG, mandatory human theologian review before permanent TM-lock. [TRANSLATOR REVIEW NEEDED: fate-collision]. Efexus 1:3’s ‘every spiritual blessing’ names the whole soteriological package (adoption, redemption, election), not the baseline’s permitted ‘ordinary material blessing’ sense, so it sits closer to the forbidden collision zone than everyday blessing-talk. Mandatory qualifier ‘ntawm Vajtswv (hauv Khetos)’ must never be dropped. Sits one breath from election_choose (1:4), compounding fate-collision risk.

Fragrant Offering Sacrifice Of Christ

Approved rendering: khoom fij uas muaj tsw qab ncho (ntawm Khetos)
Transliteration: prosphora kai thysia eis osmēn euōdias
Doctrine: Walking in Newness of Life
Rejected alternatives: treating this as a third, separate sacrificial category — rejected, assimilation into shamanic appeasement-offering patterns (fij dab) — forbidden

NEW — CRITICAL FLAG, mandatory human theologian review before permanent TM-lock. Efexus 5:2. Reuses the fij sacrificial-offering domain already flagged Critical/High in the Romans baseline for both propitiation_atoning_sacrifice and living_sacrifice. Must be taught as reinforcing Christ’s unique, sufficient, once-for-all atoning self-offering — never a third, separate sacrificial category, and never assimilated into shamanic appeasement-offering patterns.

Filled With The Spirit

Approved rendering: kom puv npo ntawm Vaj Ntsuj Plig
Transliteration: plērousthe en pneumati
Doctrine: Walking in Newness of Life
Rejected alternatives: any depiction using trance/possession imagery — forbidden

NEW — CRITICAL FLAG, mandatory human theologian review before permanent TM-lock. Efexus 5:18. Direct collision risk with Hmong shamanic trance-possession phenomena (a txiv neeb entering an altered state as a spirit ‘enters’/‘fills’ the practitioner during ritual). Mandatory catechetical note: Spirit-filling here is ongoing, character-transforming yieldedness to the Holy Spirit’s moral influence (producing worship, thanksgiving, mutual submission, 5:19-21), not a trance-state or possession phenomenon. Mandatory ‘Vaj’ prefix retained. Compounded risk: this is a prescriptive imperative (‘be filled’), inviting hearers to actively seek an experience, unlike purely descriptive doctrinal statements elsewhere.

Prince Of The Power Of The Air

Approved rendering: tus thawj kav huab cua (Ntxwg Nyoog)
Transliteration: ho archōn tēs exousias tou aeros
Doctrine: Spiritual Warfare and the Armor of God
Rejected alternatives: ‘huab cua tus thawj’ standing alone without the Ntxwg Nyoog anchor — FORBIDDEN

NEW — CRITICAL FLAG, mandatory human theologian review before permanent TM-lock. Efexus 2:2, inside the core passage. Hmong traditional cosmology includes sky/aerial spirits (dab ntuj) believed to govern weather, misfortune, and travel; without explicit, mandatory identification with Ntxwg Nyoog (not a generic sky-spirit), this phrase risks being absorbed into existing animistic sky-spirit categories rather than understood as the singular defeated enemy of Christ.

Spirit Now Working

Approved rendering: lub hwjchim ntawm Ntxwg Nyoog uas tseem ua haujlwm
Transliteration: to pneuma to nyn energoun
Doctrine: Spiritual Warfare and the Armor of God
Rejected alternatives: bare ‘ntsuj plig’ — FORBIDDEN, reserved exclusively for the human soul, ‘Vaj Ntsuj Plig’ — FORBIDDEN, reserved exclusively for the Holy Spirit

NEW — CRITICAL FLAG, mandatory human theologian review before any provisional use. [TRANSLATOR REVIEW NEEDED: three-way spirit-vocabulary disambiguation, pending permanent phrasing decision]. Efexus 2:2, inside the core passage. This referent must never be rendered with a bare spirit-noun at all — only as an explicit possessive/periphrastic construction naming Ntxwg Nyoog directly, to avoid a three-way collision across the Godhead, the human soul, and animistic spirit-categories.

Cosmic Powers Of Evil

Approved rendering: cov thawj kav thiab cov muaj hwjchim uas nyob hauv qhov tsaus ntuj, thiab tej hwjchim phem sab ntsuj plig
Transliteration: archai, exousiai, kosmokratores tou skotous toutou, pneumatika tēs ponērias
Doctrine: Spiritual Warfare and the Armor of God
Rejected alternatives: assimilation into shamanic combat-ritual categories (chanting, sacrifice, trance-negotiation) — forbidden, conflation with governing_authority (civil, legitimate) — forbidden, different referent entirely

NEW — CRITICAL FLAG, mandatory human theologian review before any publication. Efexus 6:12, the single highest collision-risk term in the letter. Hmong traditional cosmology possesses an elaborate, culturally vivid hierarchy of malevolent spiritual beings (household, nature, and ancestral dab) believed to cause illness and misfortune, requiring ritual combat/negotiation by a txiv neeb. Must be explicitly taught alongside heavenly_rank_powers_positive (1:21) as two aspects of one doctrine: Christ’s supremacy over all powers, good or evil. Paul’s actual instruction is standing firm through truth, righteousness, the gospel, faith, salvation, the Word, and prayer — resistance grounded in Christ’s finished victory, never ritual technique.

High Risk Terms

Human Spirit Soul

Approved rendering: ntsuj plig
Transliteration: pneuma (anthropological)
Doctrine: The Church as the Body of Christ
Rejected alternatives: Vaj Ntsuj Plig — forbidden for this referent, reserved exclusively for the Holy Spirit

Never capitalized/prefixed with ‘Vaj’; must remain lexically distinct from the Holy Spirit entry. Inherited from Romans package. Now stands in a three-way spirit-vocabulary collision alongside holy_spirit and the NEW spirit_now_working entry — see gap-analysis §2.2.

Servant Slave Doulos

Approved rendering: qhev
Transliteration: doulos
Doctrine: Household Codes and Christ-Centered Relationships
Rejected alternatives: koom tes (co-worker/partner) — rejected softening found in some pulpit paraphrases, erases total-surrender force

Strong residual connotation of literal chattel/debt slavery in Hmong social memory; must be paired with a catechetical note distinguishing voluntary, honored bondservice from involuntary slavery. Inherited from Romans package. Now applied to actual household slaves in Efexus 6:5-9 (rather than only Paul’s self-designation), requiring the same catechetical care applied to an ongoing social relationship.

Wrath Of God

Approved rendering: kev npau taws ntawm Vajtswv
Transliteration: orgē theou
Doctrine: Salvation by Grace through Faith
Rejected alternatives: unqualified ‘npau taws’ associated only with capricious spirit/ancestor anger — rejected without explicit contrast teaching

Paul’s wrath is righteous/judicial, not appeasable by ritual. Inherited from Romans package. Underlies the NEW children_of_wrath entry (Efexus 2:3) and the redefinition of idolatry as provoking wrath (5:6).

Idol

Approved rendering: dab mlom
Transliteration: eidōlon
Doctrine: Walking in Newness of Life
Rejected alternatives: generic ‘statue’ softening — rejected, must not soften the term

Actual Hmong term for spirit-images venerated in traditional religion. Inherited from Romans package. Efexus 5:5 redefines idolatry to include misplaced devotion/desire (covetousness), not only literal image-worship; requires a teaching note on this redefinition.

Sin Act And Condition

Approved rendering: txhaum / kev txhaum
Transliteration: hamartia
Doctrine: Salvation by Grace through Faith

Hmong custom frames wrongdoing as reparable social/ritual fault; must be taught as objective, inherited, God-ward guilt-condition. Inherited from Romans package. Core passage, Efexus 2:1, paired with the trespasses entry for rhetorical fullness.

Original Sin Adam Christ Typology

Approved rendering: Adas / kev ua txhaum (ntawm Adas)
Transliteration: Adam; paraptōma
Doctrine: Salvation by Grace through Faith
Rejected alternatives: ‘sin entered’ rendered with nkag (spirit/dab possession verb) — rejected, suggests demonic infestation rather than federal guilt transmission

Federal/inherited guilt is culturally unfamiliar. Inherited from Romans package. The ‘kev ua txhaum’ (paraptōma/trespasses) component of this entry is reused directly in the Efexus 2:1,5 core passage, paired distinctly with sin_act_and_condition for rhetorical fullness; must be kept lexically distinct from ‘txhaum’ at every occurrence.

Baptism

Approved rendering: kev cai raus dej
Transliteration: baptizō / baptisma
Doctrine: The Church as the Body of Christ
Rejected alternatives: transliterated loanword (‘npativ’ style) — rejected, baptism-as-testimony-only catechesis — rejected, loses union-with-Christ doctrine

Shares kevcai root with ritual purification from spirit-contamination; must be taught as once-for-all identification with Christ’s death/resurrection. Inherited from Romans package. Part of the sevenfold unity formula, Efexus 4:5.

Foreknow Predestine

Approved rendering: twb paub ua ntej lawm / twm chaw ua ntej lawm
Transliteration: proginōskō / proorizō
Doctrine: Election and Predestination in Christ
Rejected alternatives: hmoov (fate) vocabulary — rejected, same collision risk as election_choose

Must be taught alongside the election_choose entry with explicit contrast to impersonal hmoov. Inherited from Romans package. Efexus 1:5,11 (predestined to adoption) and underlies 2:10’s ‘prepared beforehand’ (good works).

Power

Approved rendering: hwjchim
Transliteration: dynamis
Doctrine: Election and Predestination in Christ
Rejected alternatives: bare, unqualified hwjchim — FORBIDDEN, identical to a shaman’s (txiv neeb) ritual power

Always qualify as ‘Vajtswv hwjchim’ (God’s power). Inherited from Romans package. Efexus 1:19-21, 3:16,20. This root is now the single most crowded lexical family in the Ephesians vocabulary set — shared with governing_authority (civil), the NEW heavenly_rank_powers_positive, cosmic_powers_of_evil, submit_submission, and prince_of_the_power_of_the_air entries. Never place two different hwjchim referents in the same sentence without explicit signposting.

Salvation Save

Approved rendering: kev cawm dim / cawm
Transliteration: sōtēria / sōzō
Doctrine: Salvation by Grace through Faith
Rejected alternatives: unanchored ‘dim’ (escape) parallel to shamanic ua neeb soul-rescue — rejected without explicit Christ-anchoring

Always anchor explicitly to Yexus Khetos as sole agent/means. Inherited from Romans package. Governs the core passage’s thesis (Efexus 2:5,8) and appears as the ‘helmet of salvation’ (6:17).

Living Sacrifice

Approved rendering: khoom fij uas muaj txoj sia nyob
Transliteration: thysia zōsa
Doctrine: Walking in Newness of Life
Rejected alternatives: unqualified ‘fij’ identical to offering language for ancestors/spirits — rejected without explicit ethical-devotion framing

Inherited from Romans package. Referenced as a comparison anchor for the NEW fragrant_offering_sacrifice_of_christ entry (Efexus 5:2), which reuses the same fij domain for Christ’s atonement, not ethical devotion — the two must never be conflated.

Governing Authority

Approved rendering: cov muaj hwjchim kav teb chaws
Transliteration: exousia
Doctrine: Spiritual Warfare and the Armor of God
Rejected alternatives: unmarked hwjchim framing rulers’ authority as shamanic spiritual power — rejected

Must be clearly marked as delegated, God-ordained civil authority, distinct from supernatural/shamanic power. Inherited from Romans package. Must be kept sharply distinct from the NEW cosmic_powers_of_evil entry (Efexus 6:12) — a different referent entirely (spiritual, not civil); confusing the two would either demonize civil government or trivialize spiritual warfare.

In Christ Union Formula

Approved rendering: nyob hauv Khetos
Transliteration: en Christō
Doctrine: Salvation by Grace through Faith
Rejected alternatives: bare spatial ‘hauv’ with no fixed co-text — rejected, misses the participatory, mystical-union sense

Inherited from Romans package. Governs the core passage’s logic throughout Efexus 2:1-10 and must always co-occur with the NEW made_alive_with_christ entry (2:5); also governs 1:3-14, 4:32.

Works Self Effort

Approved rendering: tej haujlwm/kev ua ntawm tus kheej
Transliteration: erga
Doctrine: Salvation by Grace through Faith

NEW. Core passage, Efexus 2:9. Must be kept sharply distinct from good_works_fruit in every teaching instance; collapsing the distinction reintroduces works-righteousness at the precise verse Paul designed to exclude it, parallel to the Romans baseline’s 4:5 warning against ‘ua zoo’ framing.

Good Works Fruit

Approved rendering: tej haujlwm zoo
Transliteration: erga agatha
Doctrine: Salvation by Grace through Faith

NEW. Core passage, Efexus 2:10, resolves the works-tension opened by works_self_effort. Must never be conflated with it; mandatory teaching note preserving the grace/works balance against both antinomianism and works-righteousness.

Raised With Christ

Approved rendering: raug sawv nrog Khetos rov qab los
Transliteration: synegeirō
Doctrine: Salvation by Grace through Faith

NEW. Continues the ‘with Christ’ compound-verb chain of the core passage (Efexus 2:6). Must be taught as a present spiritual reality grounded in Christ’s historical resurrection, not a future-only hope nor a repeatable ritual experience.

Sealed By Spirit

Approved rendering: raug ntxig cim (los ntawm Vaj Ntsuj Plig)
Transliteration: sphragizō
Doctrine: The Church as the Body of Christ

NEW. Efexus 1:13, 4:30. Must retain the mandatory ‘Vaj’ prefix. Additional risk: Hmong folk-protective practice includes wearing marked amulets/strings for spiritual protection from malevolent spirits; must be explicitly taught as the Holy Spirit’s personal, once-for-all mark of covenant ownership and security, not a protective talisman-mark against spirits.

Heavenly Rank Powers Positive

Approved rendering: txhua tus thawj kav, txhua tug muaj hwjchim, txhua yam muaj zog, thiab txhua tug uas kav
Transliteration: archē, exousia, dynamis, kyriotēs
Doctrine: Spiritual Warfare and the Armor of God

NEW. Efexus 1:21, a fourfold enumeration of angelic/spiritual rank-orders shown subordinate to Christ. Must be taught together with cosmic_powers_of_evil (6:12) as two aspects of one doctrine: real spiritual rank-powers, both good and evil, decisively subordinated to Christ. Sets the stage for, and must not be resolved without reference to, the ch.6 armor teaching.

One New Humanity

Approved rendering: ib haiv neeg tshiab
Transliteration: heis kainos anthrōpos
Doctrine: Unity of Jews and Gentiles in One New Humanity
Rejected alternatives: ordinary clan-alliance/intermarriage/assimilation framing — rejected, flattens the doctrine into mere social peace-making

NEW. Efexus 2:15, the doctrinal heart of Unity of Jews and Gentiles. Must be taught as an ontological new creation, not social cooperation or assimilation. Additional risk not present in the Romans baseline: ‘haiv neeg’ (ethnic-nation/people-group) is a politically and historically loaded term for the Hmong, a stateless people, so this coinage risks being heard as describing a third ethnicity/nationality rather than a spiritual-ontological new creation. Kept distinct from the NEW old_self_new_self entry (same Greek phrase, individual referent).

Prophet

Approved rendering: tus cev Vajtswv lus
Transliteration: prophētēs
Doctrine: Gifts for Building Up the Church

NEW. Efexus 2:20 (foundation), 3:5, 4:11 (fivefold ministry gifts). Must be sharply distinguished from the shamanic diviner/spirit-medium (txiv neeb), who also claims to ‘speak for’ or channel spirits; mandatory catechetical note that the Christian prophet speaks by the Holy Spirit’s inspiration in continuity with Scripture, never by trance-mediumship with ancestral/nature spirits.

Holy Temple

Approved rendering: lub tuam tsev dawb huv
Transliteration: naos hagios
Doctrine: The Church as the Body of Christ

NEW. Efexus 2:21-22. Hmong households traditionally maintain an ancestral spirit-shrine/altar (qhov txos, thaj/tshwj chim) within the home; ‘tuam tsev’ (temple) vocabulary risks being heard as describing a comparable shrine-structure. Mandatory teaching note: this is a metaphorical description of the corporate church as God’s Spirit-indwelt dwelling, not a physical shrine or ritual site, and must never be presented as replacing one shrine-object with another.

Submit Submission

Approved rendering: txo hwjchim rau / nyob hauv kev tswj (ntawm…)
Transliteration: hypotassō
Doctrine: Household Codes and Christ-Centered Relationships
Rejected alternatives: 5:22 taught in isolation from 5:21’s mutual-submission frame and 5:25’s sacrificial-love command — rejected, reinforces pre-existing one-directional authority

NEW. Must be taught beginning from Efexus 5:21’s mutual-submission frame before its specific application to wives, and always paired with 5:25’s parallel, equally binding command that husbands sacrificially love as Christ loved the church. Given both doctrinal sensitivity and the patriarchal clan-structure of traditional Hmong households, this term requires mandatory human theologian review before any curriculum deployment.

Armor Of God

Approved rendering: cuab yeej ntaus rog ntawm Vajtswv
Transliteration: panoplia tou theou
Doctrine: Spiritual Warfare and the Armor of God
Rejected alternatives: depiction as offensive ritual-combat paraphernalia comparable to a shaman’s implements (ua neeb ntaus dab) — forbidden

NEW. Efexus 6:11,13, the controlling metaphor for the doctrine. Mandatory teaching note: defensive/protective spiritual equipment for standing firm — not literal weaponry, and not comparable to shamanic ritual-combat tools. Hmong has a rich native martial lexicon, making this one of the letter’s more naturally-transferring metaphors.

Children Of Wrath

Approved rendering: cov me nyuam ntawm kev npau taws ntawm Vajtswv
Transliteration: tekna orgēs
Doctrine: Salvation by Grace through Faith

NEW, built directly on the inherited wrath_of_god entry. Core passage, Efexus 2:3. Must be taught as righteous judicial standing, not capricious ancestral/spirit anger.

Medium Risk Terms

Apostle

Approved rendering: tus Tub Txib
Transliteration: apostolos
Doctrine: Gifts for Building Up the Church

Bridges to secular clan-messenger role; lacks inherent post-resurrection commissioning sense. Inherited from Romans package. Serves as both a foundational office (Efexus 2:20) and one of the fivefold ministry gifts (4:11).

Deacon Servant

Approved rendering: tus pab tu pawg ntseeg
Transliteration: diakonos
Doctrine: The Church as the Body of Christ
Rejected alternatives: qhev — rejected, would confuse a recognized office of service with the total-ownership bondservant metaphor

Kept lexically distinct from ‘qhev’. Inherited from Romans package; the underlying phrase’s ‘pawg ntseeg’ (church/congregation) component is now formalized as its own standalone entry (see church below).

Faith Believe

Approved rendering: kev ntseeg / ntseeg
Transliteration: pistis / pisteuō
Doctrine: Salvation by Grace through Faith

Broad verb covering belief/trust/obedience; must always be anchored explicitly to its object (Christ). Inherited from Romans package. Instrumental means of receiving grace-salvation in the core passage (2:8); part of the sevenfold unity formula (4:5) and the ‘shield of faith’ (6:16).

Circumcision

Approved rendering: kev txiav (raws li Txoj Kevcai Mauxes)
Transliteration: peritomē
Doctrine: Unity of Jews and Gentiles in One New Humanity

No native Hmong practice; comprehension gap requiring explanatory gloss. Inherited from Romans package. Efexus 2:11’s old Jew/Gentile identity marker now transcended in Christ.

Redemption

Approved rendering: kev txhiv
Transliteration: apolytrōsis
Doctrine: Salvation by Grace through Faith

Good economic-legal bridge via Hmong debt-redemption custom. Inherited from Romans package. Efexus 1:7,14 and ‘the day of redemption’ 4:30.

Reconciliation

Approved rendering: kev sib haum xeeb (nrog Vajtswv)
Transliteration: katallagē
Doctrine: Unity of Jews and Gentiles in One New Humanity
Rejected alternatives: bare ‘kev sib haum xeeb’ with no God-ward anchor — rejected, defaults to merely horizontal/interpersonal reconciliation

Must be explicitly directed God-ward. Inherited from Romans package, WITH DOCTRINAL EXTENSION: Efexus 2:16 requires the term to carry BOTH the vertical (God-ward) and horizontal (Jew-Gentile) senses simultaneously, which the Romans-only baseline note did not anticipate. Teaching must make explicit that horizontal unity flows from, and never substitutes for, vertical reconciliation.

Adoption As Sons

Approved rendering: raug muab coj los ua me tub (ntawm Vajtswv)
Transliteration: huiothesia
Doctrine: Election and Predestination in Christ

Strong positive bridge via Hmong clan-adoption custom. Inherited from Romans package. Efexus 1:5, the goal of predestination.

Hardening

Approved rendering: lub siab tawv
Transliteration: pōrōsis
Doctrine: Walking in Newness of Life

Idiom-based (‘hardened liver/heart’). Inherited from Romans package. Efexus 4:18, describing Gentile unbelief.

Will Of God

Approved rendering: Vajtswv lub siab nyiam
Transliteration: thelēma theou
Doctrine: Election and Predestination in Christ

Good idiomatic anchor, but risks being heard as mere preference rather than sovereign purpose. Inherited from Romans package. Efexus 1:5,9,11’s predestination language.

Spiritual Gift

Approved rendering: ib yam khoom plig ntawm Vaj Ntsuj Plig
Transliteration: charisma pneumatikon
Doctrine: Gifts for Building Up the Church

Comprehension-level compound. Inherited from Romans package. Must be kept explicitly distinct from the NEW gift_salvation (2:8) and gift_office_to_church (4:7-11) entries — three related but doctrinally distinct ‘gift’ concepts sharing the root noun ‘khoom plig’ across the letter.

Mercy

Approved rendering: txoj kev khuv leej
Transliteration: eleos
Doctrine: Salvation by Grace through Faith
Rejected alternatives: txiaj ntsim (grace) used interchangeably for mercy — rejected, mercy and grace are theologically distinct emphases

Kept lexically distinct from txiaj ntsim/grace. Inherited from Romans package. Efexus 2:4, ‘rich in mercy’.

Dead Spiritual Deadness

Approved rendering: txoj kev tuag (siv piv txwv rau ntsuj plig)
Transliteration: nekros
Doctrine: Salvation by Grace through Faith

NEW. Efexus 2:1,5, the core passage’s opening claim. Builds on the inherited death entry but applied metaphorically to a pre-conversion spiritual state. Hmong hearers default to the literal funeral sense of ‘tuag’; requires explicit teaching that this is spiritual deadness, not physical death, and must be distinguished from ancestral funeral-ritual associations of death-language.

Gift Salvation

Approved rendering: khoom plig
Transliteration: dōron
Doctrine: Salvation by Grace through Faith

NEW. Core passage’s rhetorical climax (Efexus 2:8). Must be kept lexically distinct from spiritual_gift (individual Spirit-endowment) and gift_office_to_church (Christ’s ascension offices) — three distinct ‘gift’ concepts sharing one root noun. Never used bare without an intensifying antithetical clause preserving Paul’s ‘not… but’ structure.

Workmanship

Approved rendering: yam Vajtswv tsim los
Transliteration: poiēma
Doctrine: Salvation by Grace through Faith

NEW. Core passage term (Efexus 2:10). Builds on the inherited creation root but emphasizes personal, purposeful crafting; comprehension-level only, no collision identified.

Heavenly Places

Approved rendering: thaj chaw saum ntuj ceeb tsheej
Transliteration: epouranios
Doctrine: Spiritual Warfare and the Armor of God
Rejected alternatives: bare ‘ntuj’ (sky) — rejected, risks activating animistic sky-spirit-domain associations

NEW. Efexus 1:3,20; 2:6; 3:10; 6:12. Deliberately marked compound avoiding the plain native sky-term to prevent confusion with animistic sky-spirit domains; recommend consistent use of the ‘ceeb tsheej’ (heavenly glory-realm) qualifier at every occurrence.

Forgiveness

Approved rendering: kev zam txim
Transliteration: aphesis
Doctrine: Salvation by Grace through Faith

NEW. Efexus 1:7, parallel to redemption. ‘Zam’ (excuse/release a debt or fault) is an existing Hmong social/legal concept and transfers cleanly, but must be anchored God-ward (‘Vajtswv zam txim rau peb’) to avoid a merely interpersonal reading.

Stewardship Plan

Approved rendering: Vajtswv txoj kev npaj/kev tu
Transliteration: oikonomia
Doctrine: The Mystery of Christ Revealed

NEW. Efexus 1:10 (God’s cosmic plan) and 3:2,9 (Paul’s ‘stewardship of grace,’ his ministry commission). Comprehension gap only; no traditional-religion collision identified; dual application requires disambiguating context each time.

Fullness

Approved rendering: qhov puv npo (ntawm Khetos)
Transliteration: plērōma
Doctrine: The Church as the Body of Christ

NEW. Efexus 1:23, 3:19, 4:13 — THREE distinct referents (the church as Christ’s fullness; the believer filled with God’s fullness; corporate maturity as fullness of Christ). Abstract theological concept with no native single-word equivalent; lock this single fixed rendering across all three referents, with a mandatory first-occurrence teaching note distinguishing the three applications.

Covenants Of Promise

Approved rendering: tej lus cog tseg (raws li tej kev cog lus)
Transliteration: diathēkai tēs epangelias
Doctrine: Unity of Jews and Gentiles in One New Humanity

NEW. Efexus 2:12. Builds on the inherited promise entry but must be distinguished as the formal covenant-framework, not a single pledge; comprehension gap only.

Blood Of Christ

Approved rendering: cov ntshav ntawm Khetos
Transliteration: haima
Doctrine: Unity of Jews and Gentiles in One New Humanity

NEW. Efexus 2:13. Reinforces the inherited propitiation_atoning_sacrifice Critical entry; standard Christian usage, no new collision.

Unity Of The Spirit

Approved rendering: kev sib koom ua ib los ntawm Vaj Ntsuj Plig
Transliteration: henotēs tou pneumatos
Doctrine: The Church as the Body of Christ

NEW. Efexus 4:3. Mandatory retention of the ‘Vaj’ prefix; comprehension-level otherwise.

Gift Office To Church

Approved rendering: khoom plig (ntawm Khetos rau pawg ntseeg)
Transliteration: domata / dōrea
Doctrine: Gifts for Building Up the Church

NEW. Efexus 4:7-11, Christ’s post-ascension gifts of ministry offices. Must be kept distinct from gift_salvation (2:8) and spiritual_gift (individual, inherited) — three related but distinct ‘gift’ concepts sharing one root noun; never use a bare ‘khoom plig’ without its full qualifying phrase.

Grieve The Spirit

Approved rendering: ua rau Vaj Ntsuj Plig nyuaj siab
Transliteration: lypeite to pneuma
Doctrine: Walking in Newness of Life

NEW. Efexus 4:30. Mandatory retention of the ‘Vaj’ prefix per the structural rule governing every Holy Spirit reference.

Master Human Household

Approved rendering: tus tswv (ntawm cov qhev)
Transliteration: kyrios (household sense)
Doctrine: Household Codes and Christ-Centered Relationships

NEW. Efexus 6:5-9. Must be clearly distinguished in every instance from the inherited lord entry (tus Tswv, reserved for God/Christ) — differing only by capitalization, which is not phonetically realized in speech; every oral/spoken-curriculum rendering must append an explicit disambiguating tag (‘ntawm cov qhev’ / ‘ntiajteb no’) every single time. Mandatory disambiguating note that the human household-master’s authority is itself accountable ‘to the Lord’ (6:9).

Devil Satan

Approved rendering: Ntxwg Nyoog
Transliteration: diabolos
Doctrine: Spiritual Warfare and the Armor of God
Rejected alternatives: transliteration from Greek — rejected, would sever the term from decades of existing Hmong Bible-translation tradition, generic ‘dab’ — rejected, names a specific, personal, defeated enemy, not the broad animistic category of spirits

NEW, formalizing established Hmong Christian usage. Efexus 6:11. Must be kept lexically distinct from generic ‘dab’ (spirit, used for false/lesser spirits and idols). Anchoring referent for prince_of_the_power_of_the_air and spirit_now_working.

Word Of God Spoken

Approved rendering: Vajtswv Txoj Lus (uas hais tawm)
Transliteration: rhēma theou
Doctrine: Spiritual Warfare and the Armor of God

NEW. Efexus 6:17, ‘sword of the Spirit.’ Requires a disambiguating note against the inherited scripture entry (Vaj Lug Kub, written Scripture): rhēma emphasizes the living, spoken, applied word wielded in the moment of spiritual conflict, distinct from but continuous with the written Scriptures.

Prayer In The Spirit

Approved rendering: thov Vajtswv los ntawm Vaj Ntsuj Plig
Transliteration: proseuchomenoi en pneumati
Doctrine: Spiritual Warfare and the Armor of God
Rejected alternatives: ecstatic/trance prayer-practice framing — forbidden

NEW. Efexus 6:18, the sustaining posture accompanying the armor. Mandatory ‘Vaj’ prefix retained; must not be confused with ecstatic/trance prayer-practice in shamanic ritual, consistent with the filled_with_the_spirit caution.

Passions Desires

Approved rendering: kev ntshaw (ntawm lub cev nqaij tawv)
Transliteration: epithymia
Doctrine: Salvation by Grace through Faith

NEW. Core passage, Efexus 2:3. Must be paired with the flesh_moral_sinful_nature qualifier to avoid reading as neutral, innocent desire.

By Nature

Approved rendering: raws li peb tus cwj pwm/keeb kwm
Transliteration: physei
Doctrine: Salvation by Grace through Faith

NEW. Core passage, Efexus 2:3. Ties to Original Sin doctrine (cf. Romans 5): the wrath-condition is inborn, not merely behavioral; comprehension gap requiring a teaching note connecting to inherited (not chosen) guilt-condition.

Low Risk Terms

God

Approved rendering: Vajtswv
Transliteration: theos
Doctrine: General / Cross-cutting
Rejected alternatives: Ntuj (impersonal sky/heaven) — rejected, lacks personal deity sense, dab (spirit) — rejected, denotes false/lesser spirit

Established compound (king+lord). Inherited from Romans package; reused verbatim throughout Efexus 1-6.

Lord

Approved rendering: tus Tswv
Transliteration: kyrios
Doctrine: General / Cross-cutting

Stable existing usage; applied to God and Christ. Inherited from Romans package. In Efexus 6:5-9 must be kept lexically and, wherever possible orally, notationally distinct from the NEW human-master sense (see master_human_household below), since Ephesians is the first book in this pipeline to apply kyrios to an ordinary human owner alongside its divine sense.

Jesus Christ

Approved rendering: Yexus Khetos
Transliteration: Iēsous Christos
Doctrine: General / Cross-cutting

Standard transliteration baseline. Inherited from Romans package.

Father God

Approved rendering: Leej Txiv
Transliteration: patēr
Doctrine: Election and Predestination in Christ

Honorific already settled; pairs with ‘Leej Tub’ for the Son. Inherited from Romans package.

Son Of God

Approved rendering: Leej Tub ntawm Vajtswv
Transliteration: huios theou
Doctrine: Election and Predestination in Christ
Rejected alternatives: diminished-sonship renderings found in sectarian materials — rejected, must preserve full deity

Honorific parallel to Leej Txiv. Inherited from Romans package.

Gospel

Approved rendering: Txoj Moo Zoo
Transliteration: euangelion
Doctrine: The Mystery of Christ Revealed

Settled Hmong Christian term (‘good news’). Inherited from Romans package.

Peace

Approved rendering: kev thaj yeeb
Transliteration: eirēnē
Doctrine: General / Cross-cutting

Stable, positive term. Inherited from Romans package. Extended in Efexus 2:14-17 to denote horizontal Jew-Gentile peace as well as peace with God.

Promise

Approved rendering: lus cog tseg
Transliteration: epangelia
Doctrine: Election and Predestination in Christ

Stable existing phrase for a solemn covenant pledge. Inherited from Romans package. Base term for the NEW covenants_of_promise disambiguation (Efexus 2:12).

Nations Gentiles

Approved rendering: lwm Haiv Neeg
Transliteration: ethnē
Doctrine: Unity of Jews and Gentiles in One New Humanity

Clear contrastive term to ‘cov Yudas’. Inherited from Romans package.

Jew

Approved rendering: cov Yudas
Transliteration: Ioudaios
Doctrine: Unity of Jews and Gentiles in One New Humanity

Established transliteration. Inherited from Romans package.

Truth

Approved rendering: qhov tseeb
Transliteration: alētheia
Doctrine: General / Cross-cutting

Stable term. Inherited from Romans package. Forms the ‘belt of truth’ in the armor of God (Efexus 6:14).

Creation

Approved rendering: tej uas raug tsim los
Transliteration: ktisis
Doctrine: General / Cross-cutting

Descriptive phrase. Inherited from Romans package. Serves as the root concept for the NEW workmanship entry (Efexus 2:10), which emphasizes personal, purposeful crafting rather than generic creation.

Boasting

Approved rendering: kev khav theeb
Transliteration: kauchēsis
Doctrine: Salvation by Grace through Faith

Stable existing term. Inherited from Romans package. Core passage, Efexus 2:9.

Death

Approved rendering: txoj kev tuag
Transliteration: thanatos
Doctrine: Salvation by Grace through Faith

Stable term. Inherited from Romans package. Serves as the literal-death base for the NEW dead_spiritual_deadness entry (Efexus 2:1,5), which extends it metaphorically to spiritual condition.

Heir

Approved rendering: tus qub txeeg qub teg
Transliteration: klēronomos
Doctrine: The Mystery of Christ Revealed

Strong positive resonance with Hmong lineage-inheritance custom. Inherited from Romans package. Base term for the NEW inheritance and fellow_heirs_body_partakers entries.

Glory

Approved rendering: lub yeeb koob
Transliteration: doxa
Doctrine: General / Cross-cutting

Stable existing term. Inherited from Romans package.

Body Of Christ

Approved rendering: lub cev ntawm Khetos
Transliteration: sōma Christou
Doctrine: The Church as the Body of Christ

Stable metaphor; members rendered ‘cov tswv cuab’. Inherited from Romans package. Extended by the NEW fullness and fellow_heirs_body_partakers entries.

Kingdom Of God

Approved rendering: lub Nceeg Vaj ntawm Vajtswv
Transliteration: basileia tou theou
Doctrine: Household Codes and Christ-Centered Relationships

Stable existing Hmong Christian term. Inherited from Romans package. Efexus 5:5, ‘kingdom of Christ and God’.

World

Approved rendering: lub ntiajteb
Transliteration: kosmos
Doctrine: General / Cross-cutting

Stable term. Inherited from Romans package. Base term for the NEW course_of_this_world descriptive extension (Efexus 2:2).

Scripture

Approved rendering: Vaj Lug Kub
Transliteration: graphē
Doctrine: General / Cross-cutting

Settled compound term (‘royal/sacred writing’). Inherited from Romans package. Must be disambiguated from the NEW word_of_god_spoken entry (rhēma theou, Efexus 6:17), which denotes the living, spoken word distinct from, but continuous with, the written Scriptures.

Love

Approved rendering: kev hlub
Transliteration: agapē
Doctrine: Walking in Newness of Life

Stable, existing warm-affection Hmong term; no competing traditional-religion referent. Inherited from Romans package.

Hope

Approved rendering: kev cia siab
Transliteration: elpis
Doctrine: The Church as the Body of Christ

Stable idiom; distinguished in teaching from mere optimism, grounded in God’s promise. Inherited from Romans package. Part of the sevenfold unity formula, Efexus 4:4.

Inheritance

Approved rendering: qub txeeg qub teg
Transliteration: klēronomia
Doctrine: The Mystery of Christ Revealed

NEW. Efexus 1:11,14,18. Strong positive bridge via Hmong clan-lineage inheritance custom, consistent with the inherited heir entry’s rationale.

Church

Approved rendering: pawg ntseeg
Transliteration: ekklēsia
Doctrine: The Church as the Body of Christ

NEW, formalizing usage already implicit in the inherited deacon_servant entry. Ephesians’ most frequent second-half noun (1:22; 2:19-22; 3:10,21; 4:11-16; 5:23-32).

Cross

Approved rendering: tus ntoo khaub lig
Transliteration: stauros
Doctrine: Unity of Jews and Gentiles in One New Humanity

NEW, formalizing established Hmong Christian usage. Efexus 2:16.

Revelation

Approved rendering: kev qhia tshwm sim / kev nthuav qhia
Transliteration: apokalypsis
Doctrine: The Mystery of Christ Revealed

NEW. Efexus 3:3,5. Comprehension-level; pairs naturally with the mystery entry.

Fellow Heirs Body Partakers

Approved rendering: koom ua cov qub txeeg qub teg ua ke / koom ua ib lub cev ua ke (ntawm Khetos) / koom tau txais lus cog tseg ua ke
Transliteration: sygklēronomoi / syssōma / symmetocha
Doctrine: The Mystery of Christ Revealed

NEW. Efexus 3:6, the definitional core of the Mystery of Christ doctrine. Positive extension of heir, body_of_christ, and promise.

Unsearchable Riches Of Christ

Approved rendering: txoj kev npluanuj ntawm Khetos uas tshawb tsis txeeg
Transliteration: anexichniastos ploutos tou Christou
Doctrine: The Mystery of Christ Revealed

NEW. Efexus 3:8. Descriptive superlative, no collision.

Imitators Of God

Approved rendering: cov ua raws li Vajtswv tus yam ntxwv
Transliteration: mimētai tou theou
Doctrine: Walking in Newness of Life

NEW. Efexus 5:1. Descriptive, no collision.

Obey Children Parents

Approved rendering: mloog niam txiv lus
Transliteration: hypakouō
Doctrine: Household Codes and Christ-Centered Relationships

NEW. Efexus 6:1. Strong, positive existing cultural value (filial obedience is central to Hmong family ethics); good bridge, but must retain the qualifier ‘hauv tus Tswv’ (in the Lord) to anchor the obedience’s ultimate ground in Christ rather than mere custom.

Honor Father Mother

Approved rendering: hwm niam thiab txiv
Transliteration: tima ton patera kai tēn mētera
Doctrine: Household Codes and Christ-Centered Relationships

NEW. Efexus 6:2-3, the fifth commandment quoted directly. Positive, strong existing cultural resonance.

Ambassador

Approved rendering: tus sawv cev
Transliteration: presbeuō
Doctrine: Gifts for Building Up the Church

NEW. Efexus 6:20, Paul’s self-description in chains for the gospel. Comprehension-level only.

Walk Ethical Conduct

Approved rendering: taug kev
Transliteration: peripateō
Doctrine: Walking in Newness of Life

NEW. Recurs Efexus 2:2,10; 4:1,17; 5:2,8,15 with subtly different senses (former sinful conduct vs. new obedient conduct vs. love-conduct vs. light-conduct). Flagged for MANDATORY rendering-consistency at every occurrence across the entire book, to preserve the recurring doctrinal thread that is Ephesians’ dominant ethical metaphor.

Low-Medium Risk Terms

Mystery

Approved rendering: zaj lus zais cia
Transliteration: mystērion
Doctrine: The Mystery of Christ Revealed

Comprehension gap only, no collision. Inherited from Romans package, but now bears the full doctrinal weight of a named curriculum doctrine, with THREE distinct referents within Ephesians: the cosmic summing-up in Christ (1:9-10), Gentile inclusion (3:3-9, the controlling/primary referent), and marriage as Christ-and-church typology (5:32, see the NEW mystery_marriage_typology sub-entry). Must never be taught as ongoing esoteric knowledge restricted to spiritual specialists (paralleling txiv neeb ritual-knowledge transmission); Ephesians insists the mystery is now made known to all the saints and is to be boldly proclaimed, not guarded.

Renewal Of The Mind

Approved rendering: hloov siab tshiab
Transliteration: anakainōsis tou noos
Doctrine: Walking in Newness of Life

Established Hmong Christian idiom for conversion/transformation. Inherited from Romans package. Efexus 4:23 uses a slightly different Greek phrase (ananeousthai vs. anakainōsis) but the doctrinal content and appropriate Hmong rendering are the same.

Stumbling Block

Approved rendering: qhov/pob zeb ua rau dawm ceg
Transliteration: proskomma / skandalon / lithos proskommatos
Doctrine: General / Cross-cutting

Concrete imagery transfers well cross-culturally. Inherited from Romans package. Shares the ‘pob zeb’ (stone) root with the NEW cornerstone entry (Efexus 2:20) but carries the opposite (negative) valence — a consistency-fencing requirement, not a collision; the two phrases must never be shortened to a bare ‘pob zeb’.

Course Of This World

Approved rendering: lub sijhawm/txoj kev ntawm lub ntiajteb no
Transliteration: aiōn tou kosmou toutou
Doctrine: Spiritual Warfare and the Armor of God

NEW. Efexus 2:2. Reuses the inherited world/kosmos root as its base; distinguishes the present fallen value-system/spirit-of-the-age from the physical creation; comprehension-level only.

Guarantee Down Payment

Approved rendering: thawj nqi them ua ntej
Transliteration: arrabōn
Doctrine: The Mystery of Christ Revealed

NEW. Efexus 1:14, the Spirit as guarantee of the inheritance. Good economic-legal bridge, similar in kind to the inherited redemption entry’s debt-culture bridge; no single native word exists, descriptive multi-word coinage used instead of an opaque transliteration.

Dividing Wall

Approved rendering: sab ntsa/phaj kem cais
Transliteration: phragmos / mesotoichon
Doctrine: Unity of Jews and Gentiles in One New Humanity

NEW. Efexus 2:14. Concrete architectural/agricultural imagery (fences between fields/homes are familiar); good cross-cultural bridge, comprehension-level only.

Access

Approved rendering: kev nkag mus ze (rau Vajtswv/Leej Txiv)
Transliteration: prosagōgē
Doctrine: Unity of Jews and Gentiles in One New Humanity

NEW. Efexus 2:18, 3:12. Positive concept, no collision identified. Combines with the NEW boldness_and_access entry (3:12).

Fellow Citizens Household Of God

Approved rendering: cov neeg npoj tebchaws ib yam / tsev neeg ntawm Vajtswv
Transliteration: sympolitai / oikeioi tou theou
Doctrine: Unity of Jews and Gentiles in One New Humanity

NEW. Efexus 2:19. Strong positive bridge via Hmong clan/household belonging, similar in kind to the inherited adoption_as_sons and heir entries.

Cornerstone

Approved rendering: pob zeb ncej taum
Transliteration: akrogōniaios
Doctrine: Unity of Jews and Gentiles in One New Humanity

NEW. Efexus 2:20. Must be kept visually/lexically distinguishable from the inherited stumbling_block entry (pob zeb ua rau dawm ceg), which shares the ‘pob zeb’ (stone) root but carries the opposite (negative) sense — a consistency requirement, not a collision. No architectural precedent in traditional Hmong stilted/timber construction; requires an illustrative note on foundation-stone function.

Boldness And Access

Approved rendering: kev txaus siab thiab kev nkag mus ze (rau Vajtswv)
Transliteration: parrēsia / prosagōgē
Doctrine: The Mystery of Christ Revealed

NEW. Efexus 3:12. Combines with the access entry (2:18).

Equipping

Approved rendering: kev npaj kom txhij
Transliteration: katartismos
Doctrine: Gifts for Building Up the Church

NEW. Efexus 4:12. Comprehension-level, no collision.

Building Up

Approved rendering: kev tsim kho (pawg ntseeg) kom loj hlob
Transliteration: oikodomē
Doctrine: Gifts for Building Up the Church

NEW. Efexus 4:12,16. Comprehension-level, no collision.

Mature Manhood

Approved rendering: tus neeg loj hlob tiav (raws li Khetos)
Transliteration: anēr teleios
Doctrine: Gifts for Building Up the Church

NEW. Efexus 4:13. Growth metaphor transfers well.

Children Fruit Of Light

Approved rendering: cov me nyuam ntawm qhov kaj / txiv ntawm qhov kaj
Transliteration: tekna phōtos / karpos phōtos
Doctrine: Walking in Newness of Life

NEW. Efexus 5:8-9. Light/darkness dualism and agricultural fruit-metaphor transfer reasonably well in an agrarian Hmong context; low collision risk identified, though should be monitored for any local light-spirit veneration practices.

Mystery Marriage Typology

Approved rendering: zaj lus zais cia uas loj kawg (hais txog kev sib yuav)
Transliteration: to mystērion touto mega estin
Doctrine: The Mystery of Christ Revealed
Rejected alternatives: marriage-mystery taught as free-standing marriage advice detached from its christological point — rejected

NEW, reuses the mystery entry’s base rendering. Efexus 5:32. Requires its own teaching unit given the distinctly typological (Christ-and-church) content; must always be taught as a downstream illustration of, never a competing referent to, the primary Gentile-inclusion mystery of 3:1-13.

Sons Of Disobedience

Approved rendering: cov neeg uas tsis mloog lus (Vajtswv)
Transliteration: huioi tēs apeitheias
Doctrine: Salvation by Grace through Faith

NEW. Core passage, Efexus 2:2. Must anchor the disobedience God-ward, not merely socially.

Evangelist Pastor Teacher

Approved rendering: tus qhia Txoj Moo Zoo / tus yug yaj / xibhwb
Transliteration: euangelistēs, poimēn, didaskalos
Doctrine: Gifts for Building Up the Church

NEW. Efexus 4:11, part of the fivefold ministry-office list alongside apostle (inherited) and prophet (NEW). Shepherding imagery is a familiar, positive metaphor; teacher term is standard existing usage.

Medium-High Risk Terms

Seated With Christ

Approved rendering: raug kom zaum nrog Khetos
Transliteration: synkathizō
Doctrine: Salvation by Grace through Faith

NEW. Core passage, Efexus 2:6, echoing the throne imagery of 1:20-21. Requires a teaching note that this is positional/spiritual, not a claim of present physical exaltation, read within the letter’s ‘already/not yet’ framework.

Head Headship

Approved rendering: taub hau
Transliteration: kephalē
Doctrine: The Church as the Body of Christ

NEW. Efexus 1:22, 4:15 (church) and 5:23 (marriage). Positive cultural bridge via existing clan/household headship concepts (tus taub hau tsev neeg), but must never appear in ecclesial or domestic contexts without contextual anchoring to Christ’s self-giving, non-domineering headship (5:25-30) to prevent a bare-authority/domineering misreading.

Calling

Approved rendering: kev raug hu (los ntawm Vajtswv)
Transliteration: klēsis
Doctrine: Election and Predestination in Christ
Rejected alternatives: hmoov-family vocabulary — PERMANENTLY FORBIDDEN, same fate-collision family as election_choose

NEW. Efexus 4:1, ‘the calling to which you have been called.’ Must retain a volitional, personal framing (‘Vajtswv hu koj’) and never be rendered with hmoov-family vocabulary.

Old Self New Self

Approved rendering: tus qub / tus tshiab
Transliteration: ho palaios anthrōpos / ho kainos anthrōpos
Doctrine: Walking in Newness of Life

NEW. Efexus 4:22-24, verb-phrase ‘muab tus qub hle, hnav tus tshiab’ (take off the old, put on the new). The clothing metaphor bridges well to Hmong ceremonial dress-changing practices, but requires a mandatory teaching note that this is a definitive, once-for-all identity-change accomplished by grace, not a repeatable ritual costume-change comparable to shamanic ceremonial garment rites. Must be kept distinct from the NEW one_new_humanity entry (same Greek phrase, corporate referent, 2:15).

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