Core Glossary

Ezekiel — Core Glossary (Hmong Language Package, Phase 1)

This glossary lists every load-bearing theological term surfaced in analysis/07_semantic_analysis.md, across all 48 chapters of Ezekiel. Terms marked “Reuse — Romans TM” carry forward the exact fixed rendering from the baseline assets/translation_memory.json and MUST NOT be altered. Terms marked “NEW” are proposed Ezekiel-specific TM entries pending formal TM-revision review. Risk tiers follow the baseline’s Critical/High/Medium/Low definitions exactly.

#	English Term	Hebrew (transliteration)	Hmong Rendering	Risk	Doctrine	Chapters	Status / Notes
1	God	Elohim	Vajtswv	Low	General / Cross-cutting	all	Reuse — Romans TM
2	Lord / Sovereign LORD (Adonai YHWH)	Adonai YHWH	tus Tswv Vajtswv	Critical	Glory and Sovereignty of God	all (~217 occurrences)	NEW — compound of two fixed Romans TM elements (“tus Tswv” + “Vajtswv”); never substitute a transliterated divine name (“Yehauvas” forbidden per Romans TM precedent)
3	Glory (of the LORD)	kabod (YHWH)	lub yeeb koob (ntawm tus Tswv Vajtswv)	Critical	Glory and Sovereignty of God; God’s Presence Departing and Returning	1, 3, 8-11, 39, 43, 44	Reuse — Romans TM (#53), extended with mandatory divine-title qualifier for this curriculum
4	Holy Spirit / Spirit of God	ruach (divine sense)	Vaj Ntsuj Plig	Critical	The New Heart and New Spirit; Restoration and the Valley of Dry Bones	11, 36, 37, 39	Reuse — Romans TM (#5); “Vaj” prefix mandatory, zero exceptions
5	Human spirit (new disposition)	ruach chadashah	ib tug ntsuj plig tshiab	Critical	The New Heart and New Spirit	11, 18, 36	Reuse — Romans TM (#6) anthropological rendering; must never carry “Vaj” prefix
6	Wind (meteorological)	ruach	cua	Medium	Restoration and the Valley of Dry Bones	1, 37	NEW; one sense of the polyvalent ruach word-play
7	Breath (life-breath)	ruach / neshamah	pa (ua rau muaj sia)	Critical	Restoration and the Valley of Dry Bones	37	NEW; the pivotal mid-point sense of the ruach word-play; requires footnote
8	Human soul/person	nephesh	ntsuj plig / tus neeg	High	Individual Responsibility for Sin	18	NEW; distinct Hebrew lexeme from ruach but overlapping Hmong gloss — footnote required
9	Son of man (address)	ben-adam	koj, tus neeg	Medium	Glory and Sovereignty of God	2, 3, 37, and ~90 more	NEW; must be distinguished from NT messianic “Son of Man” title
10	Prophesy	naba	cev Vajtswv lo lus	Medium	General / Cross-cutting	2, 3, 37, 38	NEW; distinct from divination/fortune-telling roles
11	Live / live again	chayah	muaj sia (dua) / ciaj sia dua	High	Restoration and the Valley of Dry Bones	3, 16, 18, 37	NEW; must remain anchored to God’s Spirit as sole cause
12	Dry bones	atzamot yeveshot	pob txha qhuav	High	Restoration and the Valley of Dry Bones	37	NEW; collision risk with Hmong ancestor bone/grave custom
13	Valley	biq’ah	lub hav	Low	Restoration and the Valley of Dry Bones	37	NEW
14	Grave(s)	qever / qevarot	qhov ntxa	Medium	Restoration and the Valley of Dry Bones	37	NEW; collision risk with ancestor grave-veneration ritual
15	Four winds	arba ruchot	plaub sab cua	Medium	Restoration and the Valley of Dry Bones	37	NEW
16	Recognition formula (“know that I am the LORD”)	vi-yeda’tem ki-ani YHWH	kom nej/lawv thiaj li paub tias kuv yog tus Tswv Vajtswv	High	Glory and Sovereignty of God	~60+ occurrences across the book	NEW; fixed refrain, must render identically at every occurrence
17	”Spoken and done it” formula	dibarti v’asiti	tau hais thiab tau ua tiav lawm	High	Glory and Sovereignty of God	37 (and echoes elsewhere)	NEW; closing seal to the recognition formula
18	Hope	tikvah	kev cia siab	Low	Restoration and the Valley of Dry Bones	37	Reuse — Romans TM (“NEW ENTRY” term already fixed in baseline)
19	House of Israel	beit Yisrael	cov Yixalayees	Low	The Future of Israel (cross-reference); Restoration	11, 18, 20, 36, 37, 39	Reuse — Romans TM adjacent (“cov Yixalayees”)
20	New heart	lev chadash	lub siab tshiab	Critical	The New Heart and New Spirit	11, 18, 36	NEW; conceptually related to but distinct from Romans TM’s “renewal of the mind” (#65)
21	Heart of stone	lev ha-even	lub siab tawv (zeb)	Critical	The New Heart and New Spirit	11, 36	NEW; reuses the Romans TM “hardening” root (#58)
22	Heart of flesh	lev basar	lub siab tshiab uas muaj nqaij	Critical	The New Heart and New Spirit	11, 36	NEW; positive “flesh” sense — must be distinguished from Romans TM’s negative moral-flesh sense (#24)
23	Flesh (neutral, body-restoration)	basar	nqaij	Medium	Restoration and the Valley of Dry Bones	37	Reuse (neutral sense) — Romans TM #23 root
24	Sinews	gidim	leeg	Low	Restoration and the Valley of Dry Bones	37	NEW
25	Skin	or	tawv nqaij	Low	Restoration and the Valley of Dry Bones	37	NEW
26	Righteous / wicked	tzaddiq / rasha	tus ncaj ncees / tus ua txhaum	High	Individual Responsibility for Sin	3, 14, 18, 33	Reuse-adjacent (Romans TM #25 root); must be taught as behavioral/consequential, distinct from Romans’ forensic imputed righteousness
27	Iniquity	avon	kev txhaum / lub txim	Medium-High	Individual Responsibility for Sin; Judgment on Jerusalem	4, 18	NEW
28	Son shall not bear father’s iniquity	ha-ben lo yisa ba-avon ha-av	tus tub yuav tsis ris nws txiv txoj kev txhaum	Critical	Individual Responsibility for Sin	18	NEW; direct collision with clan/ancestral guilt-transfer (hmoov) worldview
29	Turn (repent) and live	shuv … v’chayah	tig rov qab ntawm kev txhaum thiab yuav muaj sia	High	Individual Responsibility for Sin	18, 33	NEW; forbidden: never render with hu (ritual soul-calling verb)
30	Watchman	tsofeh	tus fajxwm	Medium	Individual Responsibility for Sin	3, 33	NEW
31	Idol (general)	pesel / tzelem	dab mlom	High	Judgment on Jerusalem and the Nations	6, 8, 14, 20, 22	Reuse — Romans TM (#32) exactly
32	Idols (contemptuous)	gillulim	dab mlom (+ qias tsis huv intensifier)	High	Judgment on Jerusalem and the Nations	6, 8, 14, 20, 22, 23	Reuse — Romans TM (#32) with Ezekiel-specific intensifier note
33	Abomination	to’ebah	tej kev qias vuab tsuab	High	Judgment on Jerusalem and the Nations	8, 16, 18, 20, 22, 33	NEW
34	Jealousy of God	qin’ah	Vajtswv txoj kev khib siab	High	Judgment on Jerusalem and the Nations; Glory and Sovereignty of God	8, 16, 23, 36	NEW; risk of capricious-spirit-anger misreading, parallel handling to wrath_of_god (Romans TM #31)
35	Wrath / Day of the LORD’s wrath	orgē-equivalent; yom YHWH	kev npau taws ntawm Vajtswv / hnub ntawm Vajtswv txoj kev npau taws	High	Judgment on Jerusalem and the Nations	5, 7, 20, 22, 30, 38	Reuse — Romans TM (#31) exactly
36	Sword	chereb	riam ntaj	Low	Judgment on Jerusalem and the Nations	5, 21, 33	NEW
37	Famine	ra’av	kev tshaib nqhis	Low	Judgment on Jerusalem and the Nations	5, 14	NEW
38	Pestilence	dever	mob kis	Low	Judgment on Jerusalem and the Nations	5, 14	NEW
39	Covenant	berit	kev cog lus (ntawm Vajtswv)	High	The New Heart and New Spirit; Restoration; Judgment on Jerusalem	16, 17, 20, 34, 37	NEW; qualifier mandatory at every occurrence, parallel to Romans TM’s Law qualifier rule (#27)
40	Harlotry / spiritual adultery	zanah	kev ua nkauj nraug tawm ntawm Vajtswv	Critical/High	Judgment on Jerusalem and the Nations	16, 23	NEW; requires mandatory teaching note (covenant metaphor, not literalistic reading)
41	Shame	boshet / kelimah	txaj muag / kev txaj muag	Low	Judgment on Jerusalem and the Nations	16	Reuse — Romans TM (#76) root
42	”For my name’s sake”	lema’an shemi / lema’an shem-qodshi	vim yog kuv lub npe (dawb huv)	Medium-High	Glory and Sovereignty of God; Restoration	20, 36, 39	NEW; must not be conflated with the Romans TM grace entry (#14)
43	Sprinkle clean water	zaraq mayim tehorim	nchuav dej ntshiab	High	The New Heart and New Spirit	36	NEW; type/precursor image only — never substitute for the Romans TM baptism rendering (#45)
44	”I will put my Spirit within you”	natati ruchi bekhem	kuv yuav muab Kuv Vaj Ntsuj Plig tso rau hauv nej	Critical	The New Heart and New Spirit; Restoration and the Valley of Dry Bones	36, 37	NEW; fixed formula, mandatory “Vaj” prefix
45	Everlasting covenant	berit olam	kev cog lus (ntawm Vajtswv) uas nyob mus ib txhis	High	Restoration	37	NEW; compound reuse
46	Dwelling place of God	mishkan	qhov chaw Vajtswv nyob	High	God’s Presence Departing and Returning	37, 43	NEW
47	Cherubim	keruvim / chayot	cov Khelunpi	Medium	Glory and Sovereignty of God; God’s Presence Departing and Returning	1, 10, 28	NEW; transliteration + descriptive gloss; keep distinct from dab spirit-being vocabulary
48	Wheels	ofannim	cov log tsheb	Low	Glory and Sovereignty of God	1, 10	NEW
49	Throne	kise	lub zwm txwv	Low	Glory and Sovereignty of God	1, 43	NEW
50	Likeness / appearance	demut	zoo li	Low	Glory and Sovereignty of God	1	NEW
51	Rebellious house	beit meri	cov tsev neeg uas fav xeeb rau Vajtswv	Low-Medium	Judgment on Jerusalem and the Nations	2	NEW
52	Scroll	megillah	phau ntawv	Low	General / Cross-cutting	2, 3	NEW
53	Whitewash (false peace)	tafel	roj tsuab	Medium	Judgment on Jerusalem and the Nations	13	NEW
54	Sign (prophetic sign-act)	ot	cim / lub cim ntawm Vajtswv	Medium	Judgment on Jerusalem and the Nations	4, 9, 24	NEW
55	Pride / boasting	ga’avah / ga’own	kev khav theeb	Low	Judgment on Jerusalem and the Nations	28	Reuse — Romans TM (#39) exactly
56	Eden / garden of God	Eden, gan-Elohim	lub Vaj Edeen	Low-Medium	Judgment on Jerusalem and the Nations	28	NEW proper name; `[TRANSLATOR REVIEW NEEDED]`
57	Sea-monster / dragon	tannin	tus nab loj hauv dej	Medium	Judgment on Jerusalem and the Nations	29, 32	NEW
58	Shepherd	ro’eh	tus yug yaj	Medium	Restoration	34	NEW
59	Covenant of peace	berit shalom	kev cog lus kev thaj yeeb (ntawm Vajtswv)	Medium	Restoration	34, 37	NEW; compounds covenant (#39) with Romans TM peace (#15)
60	Two sticks (reunification sign)	shnei etzim	ob tug pas ntoo	Low	Restoration	37	NEW
61	Gog / Magog	Gog / Magog	Nkaug / Makaug	Medium	Glory and Sovereignty of God; Judgment on the Nations	38, 39	NEW proper name; `[TRANSLATOR REVIEW NEEDED]`
62	Sanctuary / Temple	miqdash / bayit	lub tuam tsev	Medium	The Vision of the New Temple	8, 37, 40-46	NEW; keep distinct from tsev dab (ancestral spirit-shrine) vocabulary
63	Holy / holiness	qodesh	dawb huv	Medium	The Vision of the New Temple	40-46	Reuse — Romans TM (#46) root; note reversed caution: literal ritual-spatial holiness IS the correct sense here, unlike the Romans sanctification caution
64	Glory returns	kabod YHWH … ba	lub yeeb koob ntawm tus Tswv Vajtswv rov qab los	Critical	God’s Presence Departing and Returning	43	NEW; direct structural inverse of the ch.10-11 departure rendering
65	River of life	nachal / mayim (chayim)	dej ntws muaj txoj sia	Medium	Restoration; The Vision of the New Temple	47	NEW
66	Inheritance / land allotment	nachalah	thaj av qub txeeg qub teg	Low	The Vision of the New Temple; Restoration	47, 48	Reuse-adjacent — Romans TM heir (#52) root
67	”The LORD is there”	YHWH shammah	Tus Tswv Vajtswv nyob ntawd	High	God’s Presence Departing and Returning	48	NEW; book’s climactic capstone formula
68	Scripture (cross-reference)	—	Vaj Lug Kub	Low	General / Cross-cutting	(curriculum framing use only)	Reuse — Romans TM (#79) exactly

Summary of Risk Distribution

Critical: 11 terms (#2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 20, 21, 22, 28, 44, 64) — every one of the seven assigned doctrines has at least one Critical-tier term.
High: 18 terms.
Medium / Medium-High: 21 terms.
Low: 18 terms.

Governing rule: All 68 terms above are subject to the same enforcement regime documented in the Romans baseline’s 12_ai_translation_requirements.md §2 (Mandatory Glossary Enforcement) and §9 (Escalation Rules). Terms marked “Reuse — Romans TM” are permanent and immutable per the existing baseline. Terms marked “NEW” are proposed for formal TM-revision review before this Ezekiel Language Package may be considered Baseline v1.0 in its own right; until that review, all NEW terms must be treated as provisional and flagged accordingly in any Phase 2 generation.

End of analysis/08_core_glossary.md

Critical Risk Terms

Holy Spirit

Approved rendering: Vaj Ntsuj Plig
Transliteration: pneuma hagion (LXX); ruach (divine sense)
Doctrine: Sanctification and Life in the Spirit
Rejected alternatives: bare ntsuj plig (no Vaj prefix) — rejected, denotes an animistic wandering human soul

Inherited from Romans package. Reused exactly for The New Heart and New Spirit doctrine (Ezekiel 36:27) and Restoration and the Valley of Dry Bones doctrine (Ezekiel 37:14), the climactic resolution of the ruach wind/breath/Spirit word-play. ‘Vaj’ prefix remains mandatory at every occurrence, including within the fixed formula ‘kuv yuav muab Kuv Vaj Ntsuj Plig tso rau hauv nej’ (see put_my_spirit_within_you, NEW entry).

Righteousness Of God Righteous

Approved rendering: Vajtswv txoj kev ncaj ncees / tus ncaj ncees
Transliteration: dikaiosynē theou / dikaios (LXX)
Doctrine: Justification by Faith
Rejected alternatives: bare ‘kev ncaj ncees’ without the reckoning qualifier — rejected, reads as self-achieved moralism

Inherited from Romans package, translation unchanged. Retained here strictly as the CONTRAST anchor for Ezekiel’s distinct behavioral righteous/wicked vocabulary (see righteous_wicked_behavioral, NEW entry, Individual Responsibility doctrine); Ezekiel 18’s ‘tus ncaj ncees’ denotes observable conduct and its temporal consequence, NOT this forensic imputed sense, and the two must never be silently blended in a combined curriculum.

Justify Reckon As Righteous

Approved rendering: ua kom ncaj ncees / raug suav tias ncaj ncees
Transliteration: dikaioō / logizomai (LXX)
Doctrine: Justification by Faith
Rejected alternatives: ‘ua zoo’ (do good) framing — rejected, reintroduces works-righteousness

Inherited from Romans package, translation unchanged. Retained as the CONTRAST anchor distinguishing forensic imputation from Ezekiel 18’s behavioral-consequential register (see righteous_wicked_behavioral, NEW entry); never apply this forensic phrase to Ezekiel 18’s argument, and never let Ezekiel 18 be read as contradicting this Romans doctrine — they operate in different theological registers.

Reckon Impute

Approved rendering: suav / suav tias
Transliteration: logizomai
Doctrine: Justification by Faith

Inherited from Romans package, translation unchanged. Retained for cross-curriculum contrast only; not used to render any Ezekiel term directly.

Flesh Neutral Descent Body

Approved rendering: lub cev nqaij tawv
Transliteration: sarx (neutral); basar
Doctrine: Original Sin and Universal Guilt
Rejected alternatives: bare nqaij used unmarked for both senses — rejected, collapses neutral and moral senses of flesh

Inherited from Romans package, translation unchanged. Retained as the root neutral-sense anchor; Ezekiel’s own body-restoration flesh (basar, 37:6,8) uses the shorter bare ‘nqaij’ in its specific dry-bones context — see flesh_body_restoration (NEW entry) — while heart_of_flesh (NEW entry, positive/responsive sense) is a THIRD, distinct valence requiring its own fencing.

Flesh Moral Sinful Nature

Approved rendering: kev xav/kev ua raws li lub cev nqaij tawv
Transliteration: sarx (moral)
Doctrine: Sanctification and Life in the Spirit
Rejected alternatives: bare nqaij tawv reused unmarked from neutral sense — rejected, undermines the flesh/Spirit contrast

Inherited from Romans package, translation unchanged. Retained as the CONTRAST anchor for the New Heart and New Spirit doctrine’s positive ‘heart of flesh’ image (see heart_of_flesh, NEW entry): Ezekiel 11:19/36:26 use ‘flesh’ in the OPPOSITE (positive, responsive) valence from this entry’s negative moral sense, and this polarity reversal must be explicitly flagged in any combined curriculum.

Election Choose

Approved rendering: kev xaiv (Vajtswv xaiv raws li nws lub siab nyiam)
Transliteration: eklogē / eklegomai
Doctrine: Election and the Sovereignty of God
Rejected alternatives: hmoov (impersonal fate/fortune) vocabulary — PERMANENTLY FORBIDDEN

Inherited from Romans package, translation unchanged. Retained as the cross-curriculum enforcement anchor for the permanent hmoov-vocabulary prohibition, which extends with equal force to Ezekiel’s Glory and Sovereignty of God doctrine (the ‘hand of the LORD’ seizing the prophet, 37:1) and to Individual Responsibility for Sin doctrine’s rejection of trans-generational fate-causation (Ezekiel 18).

Propitiation Atoning Sacrifice

Approved rendering: qhov theej txhoj kev txhaum
Transliteration: hilastērion
Doctrine: Grace and Salvation by Faith Alone
Rejected alternatives: transliterated loanword — rejected, bare ‘qhov theej’ without qualifying clause — rejected

Inherited from Romans package, translation unchanged. Retained as the essential CONTRAST anchor for Ezekiel’s sign-act vocabulary (see prophetic_sign_act, NEW entry): Ezekiel’s own dramatized bearing of Israel’s iniquity (ch.4, lying on his side) is a prophetic DRAMATIZATION of coming judgment, never an atoning act, and must never be taught as if it shares this entry’s unique, sufficient, once-for-all atoning force.

Grace

Approved rendering: txiaj ntsim
Transliteration: charis
Doctrine: Grace and Salvation by Faith Alone
Rejected alternatives: koob hmoov (fortune/blessing tied to fate and ritual correctness) — PERMANENTLY FORBIDDEN

Inherited from Romans package, translation unchanged. Retained as the essential CONTRAST anchor for Ezekiel’s ‘for my name’s sake’ motive-clause (see for_my_names_sake, NEW entry, Ezekiel 20, 36, 39): the two are conceptually adjacent (both describe unmerited divine favor/restraint) but theologically distinct — ‘for my name’s sake’ is a divine self-consistency/reputation motive, NOT this entry’s soteriological grace category — and must never be silently blended.

Lord God Sovereign

Approved rendering: tus Tswv Vajtswv
Transliteration: Adonai YHWH
Doctrine: The Glory and Sovereignty of God
Rejected alternatives: transliterated divine name (‘Yehauvas’ style) — PERMANENTLY FORBIDDEN, repeats the exact sectarian (Jehovah’s Witnesses NWT) substitution pattern the Romans baseline forbids, bare ‘Vajtswv’ or bare ‘tus Tswv’ alone when the compound title is intended — rejected, under-translates the doubled divine-title emphasis Ezekiel deliberately uses ~217 times

NEW — provisional. Compound of two already-fixed Romans TM elements (‘lord’ + ‘god’), never itself altered. Because this compound recurs on nearly every page of Ezekiel, consistent avoidance of any transliterated divine name is structurally MORE critical here than anywhere in the Romans package. Must be rendered as a single atomic unit at every occurrence, never abbreviated.

Glory Departs Returns

Approved rendering: lub yeeb koob ntawm tus Tswv Vajtswv tawm mus / lub yeeb koob ntawm tus Tswv Vajtswv rov qab los
Transliteration: kabod YHWH … vayetze / kabod YHWH … ba
Doctrine: God’s Presence Departing and Returning
Rejected alternatives: unqualified bare ‘lub yeeb koob tawm/los’ without the divine-title qualifier — rejected, loses the doctrine’s structural mirroring, framing departure as ritual-neglect-triggered spirit displeasure and return as appeasement-secured — PERMANENTLY FORBIDDEN, collapses the doctrine into the Hmong household/ancestral-spirit withdrawal-and-appeasement framework

NEW — provisional. Extends the inherited ‘glory’ entry with the mandatory divine-title qualifier for this curriculum. Departure (ch.10-11) must always be taught as JUDICIAL response to covenant-breaking idolatry; return (ch.43, sealed by lord_is_there at 48:35) must always be taught as SOVEREIGN GRACE, never achieved through appeasement. The two halves must never be presented as disconnected episodes.

Ruach Breath

Approved rendering: pa (ua rau muaj sia)
Transliteration: ruach / neshamah (breath sense)
Doctrine: Restoration and the Valley of Dry Bones
Rejected alternatives: premature use of ‘Vaj Ntsuj Plig’ before v.14’s textual resolution — rejected, flattens the deliberate literary progression

NEW — provisional. The single most delicate rendering decision in the core passage (37:5,9-10). Must be anchored explicitly to God’s spoken command as sole cause, never presented as achievable by human ritual technique (cf. Hmong soul-recovery rites hu plig/ua neeb), and must not resolve into holy_spirit’s rendering until Ezekiel 37:14 itself makes that shift.

New Human Spirit

Approved rendering: ib tug ntsuj plig tshiab
Transliteration: ruach chadashah
Doctrine: The New Heart and New Spirit
Rejected alternatives: ‘Vaj’-prefixed rendering — FORBIDDEN, this is the renewed human disposition, not God’s own Spirit

NEW — provisional. Reuses human_spirit_soul’s bare lexeme exactly (never prefixed). Sits one clause away from put_my_spirit_within_you (36:27) in the same discourse; the two-stage promise (new human disposition, then indwelling divine Spirit) must be explicitly taught as two distinct stages, never collapsed into one.

New Heart

Approved rendering: lub siab tshiab
Transliteration: lev chadash
Doctrine: The New Heart and New Spirit
Rejected alternatives: conflation with renewal_of_the_mind (Romans TM) — rejected, that term describes ongoing post-conversion process, not this one-time replacement gift

NEW — provisional. The doctrine’s core term (Ezekiel 11:19; 36:26). Must be kept lexically and conceptually distinct from renewal_of_the_mind at every combined-curriculum occurrence; always paired with heart_of_stone/heart_of_flesh as its antithetical pair.

Heart Of Stone

Approved rendering: lub siab tawv (zeb)
Transliteration: lev ha-even
Doctrine: The New Heart and New Spirit

NEW — provisional. Deliberately reuses the hardening entry’s root for conceptual continuity, extended with a literal ‘(zeb)’ stone qualifier. Must always be paired with heart_of_flesh; never presented singly.

Heart Of Flesh

Approved rendering: lub siab tshiab uas muaj nqaij
Transliteration: lev basar
Doctrine: The New Heart and New Spirit
Rejected alternatives: unflagged reuse of flesh_moral_sinful_nature’s negative valence — rejected, this is the POSITIVE, responsive sense, the direct inverse

NEW — provisional. This is a POSITIVE use of ‘flesh’ (soft, responsive) — the direct inverse of flesh_moral_sinful_nature’s negative moral sense. This reversal must be explicitly flagged in any combined curriculum so a single ‘flesh = bad’ heuristic does not propagate incorrectly from Romans study into Ezekiel study.

Son Shall Not Bear Fathers Iniquity

Approved rendering: tus tub yuav tsis ris nws txiv txoj kev txhaum
Transliteration: ha-ben lo yisa ba-avon ha-av
Doctrine: Individual Responsibility for Sin (Ezekiel 18)
Rejected alternatives: any framing implying flat contradiction of original_sin_adam_christ_typology — rejected, the two doctrines address different redemptive-historical questions and must both be preserved

NEW — provisional. The chapter’s thesis statement (18:20). Direct, named collision with the Hmong traditional-religious framework in which misfortune/affliction can be causally rooted in an ancestor’s unresolved ritual obligations (hmoov-adjacent transgenerational causation). Requires the most carefully worded theologian-reviewed contrast note in the whole package, explicitly distinguishing this individual-accountability thesis from both the hmoov worldview AND from Romans 5’s federal Adam-Christ headship doctrine, without diminishing either truth.

Harlotry Covenant Infidelity

Approved rendering: kev ua nkauj nraug tawm ntawm Vajtswv
Transliteration: zanah / zenunim
Doctrine: Judgment on Jerusalem and the Nations
Rejected alternatives: literalistic scandal-focused rendering — rejected, disconnects the term from its covenant-lawsuit function, loose application to ordinary personal sexual sin — PERMANENTLY FORBIDDEN

NEW — provisional. Covenant unfaithfulness/idolatry portrayed via explicit marital-infidelity imagery (ch.16, extended in ch.23 to Samaria/Jerusalem as two sisters). Mandatory teaching note fixing this as prophetic covenant-lawsuit allegory specifically; must never be applied loosely to ordinary personal sin in any curriculum content.

Put My Spirit Within You

Approved rendering: kuv yuav muab Kuv Vaj Ntsuj Plig tso rau hauv nej
Transliteration: ve-natati et-ruchi bakhem
Doctrine: The New Heart and New Spirit
Rejected alternatives: dropping the mandatory ‘Vaj’ prefix — FORBIDDEN under any circumstance

NEW — provisional. The climactic promise (36:27; 37:14) that God’s own personal Spirit will indwell His restored people, resolving the ruach word-play begun in 37:1. Reuses holy_spirit exactly. Must be rendered character-for-character identically at both its 36:27 and 37:14 occurrences; the direct conceptual bridge to Romans 8’s indwelling Spirit.

High Risk Terms

Human Spirit Soul

Approved rendering: ntsuj plig
Transliteration: pneuma (anthropological); ruach (human sense)
Doctrine: Sanctification and Life in the Spirit
Rejected alternatives: Vaj Ntsuj Plig — forbidden for this referent, reserved exclusively for the Holy Spirit

Inherited from Romans package. Reused as the base lexeme for Ezekiel’s anthropological ‘new spirit’ promise (see new_human_spirit, NEW entry) and for Hebrew nephesh in Ezekiel 18 (see human_soul_nephesh, NEW entry); must never receive the ‘Vaj’ prefix in either extended use.

Idol

Approved rendering: dab mlom
Transliteration: eidōlon (LXX); pesel / tzelem
Doctrine: Original Sin and Universal Guilt
Rejected alternatives: generic ‘statue’ softening — rejected, must not soften the term since the text condemns exactly this category

Inherited from Romans package, translation unchanged. Reused exactly for Judgment on Jerusalem and the Nations doctrine (Ezekiel 6, 8, 14, 20, 22); doctrinally correct as-is since it names the actual venerated spirit-images of Hmong traditional religion. See idols_contemptuous_gillulim (NEW entry) for the intensified register required for the Hebrew term gillulim.

Wrath Of God

Approved rendering: kev npau taws ntawm Vajtswv
Transliteration: orgē theou (LXX); yom YHWH
Doctrine: Original Sin and Universal Guilt
Rejected alternatives: unqualified ‘npau taws’ associated only with capricious spirit/ancestor anger — rejected without explicit contrast teaching

Inherited from Romans package, translation unchanged. Reused exactly for Judgment on Jerusalem and the Nations doctrine across Ezekiel 5, 7, 20, 22, 30, 38; must retain the same anti-appeasement contrast-teaching strategy applied to jealousy_of_god (NEW entry), a distinct but related motif.

Worship Serve Cultic

Approved rendering: pehawm / pab teev
Transliteration: latreuō (LXX)
Doctrine: Christian Living and Unity in the Church
Rejected alternatives: bare, unanchored pehawm — FORBIDDEN, identical verb used for pehawm dab (ancestor/spirit veneration)

Inherited from Romans package, translation unchanged. Applied to Judgment on Jerusalem and the Nations doctrine: Ezekiel 6, 8 explicitly condemn ‘pehawm dab mlom’ at the high places (bamot); the object-anchoring rule here is REVERSED in force — the object being named is the forbidden one, reinforcing rather than replacing the Romans-package worship-verb rule.

Baptism

Approved rendering: kev cai raus dej
Transliteration: baptizō / baptisma
Doctrine: Union with Christ
Rejected alternatives: transliterated loanword (‘npativ’ style) — rejected, baptism-as-testimony-only catechesis — rejected

Inherited from Romans package, translation unchanged. Retained as the fixed, PERMANENTLY DISTINCT anchor from which Ezekiel 36:25’s ‘sprinkle clean water’ (see sprinkle_clean_water, NEW entry) must be kept separate: the latter is an Old Testament ritual-cleansing TYPE anticipating this New Testament sacrament, never a substitute or equivalent rendering.

Sanctification

Approved rendering: kev raug ua kom dawb huv
Transliteration: hagiasmos; qodesh (moral sense)
Doctrine: Sanctification and Life in the Spirit
Rejected alternatives: treating dawb huv as a repeatable ritual-cleansing state — rejected

Inherited from Romans package, translation unchanged. CRITICAL REVERSED-CAUTION NOTE for this curriculum: this entry’s caution against a literal ritual-purity reading applies to moral sanctification contexts ONLY. In Ezekiel 40-46’s temple-architecture vision, the same root word ‘dawb huv’ correctly carries a literal, spatial, ritual holiness sense (see holiness_spatial, NEW entry) — do NOT import this entry’s caution into that context.

Foreknow Predestine

Approved rendering: twb paub ua ntej lawm / twm chaw ua ntej lawm
Transliteration: proginōskō / proorizō
Doctrine: Election and the Sovereignty of God
Rejected alternatives: hmoov (fate) vocabulary — rejected

Inherited from Romans package, translation unchanged. Retained as cross-curriculum contrast anchor; no direct Ezekiel term maps to this entry, but the same anti-hmoov enforcement logic applies throughout Ezekiel’s Sovereignty doctrine.

Original Sin Adam Christ Typology

Approved rendering: Adas / kev ua txhaum (ntawm Adas)
Transliteration: Adam; paraptōma
Doctrine: Original Sin and Universal Guilt
Rejected alternatives: ‘sin entered’ rendered with nkag (spirit/dab possession verb) — rejected

Inherited from Romans package, translation unchanged. Retained as the essential CONTRAST anchor for Individual Responsibility for Sin doctrine: Ezekiel 18’s ‘the son shall not bear the father’s iniquity’ (see son_shall_not_bear_fathers_iniquity, NEW entry) addresses individual moral accountability, a DIFFERENT redemptive-historical question from this entry’s federal/representative headship doctrine; both must be taught as compatible, neither diminished, per analysis/11_doctrine_analysis.md Doctrine 2.

Living Sacrifice

Approved rendering: khoom fij uas muaj txoj sia nyob
Transliteration: thysia zōsa
Doctrine: Christian Living and Unity in the Church
Rejected alternatives: unqualified ‘fij’ identical to offering language for ancestors/spirits — rejected

Inherited from Romans package, translation unchanged. Retained as part of the crowded ‘fij’ (sacrifice/offering) semantic-field fence alongside propitiation_atoning_sacrifice and Ezekiel’s prophetic_sign_act (NEW entry); Ezekiel’s own sign-acts must be kept doctrinally distinct from both this ethical-devotion sense and from Christ’s unique atonement.

Power

Approved rendering: hwjchim
Transliteration: dynamis
Doctrine: The Gospel as the Power of God for Salvation
Rejected alternatives: bare, unqualified hwjchim — FORBIDDEN, identical to a shaman’s ritual power

Inherited from Romans package, translation unchanged. Extended with unaltered enforcement force into Ezekiel’s Glory and Sovereignty of God doctrine: the recurring ‘hand of the LORD’ seizure-of-the-prophet language (1:3; 3:14,22; 8:1; 37:1; 40:1) requires the identical mandatory ‘Vajtswv’ qualifier to prevent the prophet’s ecstatic experience from being read as shamanic (txiv neeb) trance-possession.

Salvation Save

Approved rendering: kev cawm dim / cawm
Transliteration: sōtēria / sōzō
Doctrine: The Gospel as the Power of God for Salvation
Rejected alternatives: unanchored ‘dim’ (escape) parallel to shamanic ua neeb soul-rescue — rejected

Inherited from Romans package, translation unchanged. Background cross-reference for Restoration and the Valley of Dry Bones doctrine’s national/spiritual rescue imagery; not the primary rendering vehicle within Ezekiel (which uses chayah/live_again_chayah, NEW entry, as its central restoration verb) but retained for combined-curriculum consistency.

All Israel Will Be Saved

Approved rendering: tag nrho cov Yixalayees yuav dim
Transliteration: pas Israēl sōthēsetai
Doctrine: The Future of Israel
Rejected alternatives: flattening to generic clan/lineage-continuity language — rejected, leaving unanchored to God’s irrevocable calling — rejected

Inherited from Romans package, translation unchanged. The phrase ‘cov Yixalayees’ (Israel) is reused/echoed throughout Ezekiel’s ‘House of Israel’ references (11, 18, 20, 36, 37, 39, glossary #19) as a doctrinally significant cross-reference point for a combined Romans/Ezekiel curriculum on Israel’s future; Restoration and the Valley of Dry Bones doctrine (Ezekiel 37:11, ‘the whole house of Israel’) directly parallels this entry’s covenant-faithfulness anchoring requirement.

Human Soul Nephesh

Approved rendering: ntsuj plig / tus neeg
Transliteration: nephesh
Doctrine: Individual Responsibility for Sin (Ezekiel 18)

NEW — provisional. Hebrew nephesh (whole living self) is a DIFFERENT lexeme from ruach (spirit/breath, central to ch.37) but both intersect the single Hmong gloss ‘ntsuj plig.’ Prefer ‘tus neeg’ (the person) as primary gloss in Ezekiel 18 contexts specifically to reduce collapse-risk with the ruach-family terms; footnote the Hebrew distinction at first occurrence.

Live Again Chayah

Approved rendering: muaj sia (dua) / ciaj sia dua
Transliteration: chayah
Doctrine: Restoration and the Valley of Dry Bones

NEW — provisional. The pivotal verb of the dry bones vision, converging physical resurrection, national restoration, and spiritual regeneration. Must never appear in restoration contexts without an explicit accompanying clause naming God’s Spirit/word as sole cause — a structural co-text requirement parallel to the Romans TM’s kev_cawm_dim + Yexus Khetos anchoring rule — to avoid assimilation into animistic soul-recovery rites.

Dry Bones

Approved rendering: pob txha qhuav
Transliteration: atzamot yeveshot
Doctrine: Restoration and the Valley of Dry Bones

NEW — provisional. The core-passage’s central image. Grounded collision risk: Hmong ancestral bone/grave custom emphasizes correct bone treatment to secure an ancestor’s peace and prevent restless-spirit affliction. Mandatory contrast-teaching note required at every use: God’s act here involves NO human bone-rite of any kind; God speaks and acts alone (37:4-6).

Recognition Formula

Approved rendering: kom nej/lawv thiaj li paub tias kuv yog tus Tswv Vajtswv
Transliteration: vi-yeda’tem ki-ani YHWH
Doctrine: The Glory and Sovereignty of God
Rejected alternatives: any stylistic variation across occurrences — rejected, obscures the formula’s function as the book’s structural refrain

NEW — provisional. Ezekiel’s structural refrain (60+ occurrences). Must reuse lord_god_sovereign’s fixed compound exactly at every occurrence and render identically at every occurrence throughout all curriculum content; an intensified variant appears at 38:23/39:7 (‘kom kuv lub npe dawb huv thiaj li paub tau’) and must itself remain fixed.

Spoken And Done Formula

Approved rendering: Kuv, uas yog tus Tswv Vajtswv, tau hais thiab tau ua tiav lawm
Transliteration: ani YHWH dibarti v’asiti
Doctrine: The Glory and Sovereignty of God

NEW — provisional. Fixed closing seal tied to recognition_formula, intensifying it with certainty of fulfilled prophecy (Ezekiel 37:14). Must be rendered identically at every occurrence.

Righteous Wicked Behavioral

Approved rendering: tus ncaj ncees / tus ua txhaum
Transliteration: tzaddiq / rasha
Doctrine: Individual Responsibility for Sin (Ezekiel 18)

NEW — provisional. Draws on the same root morpheme as righteousness_of_god_righteous but denotes OBSERVABLE BEHAVIORAL conduct and its temporal consequence (Ezekiel 3, 14, 18, 33), distinct from that entry’s forensic imputed sense. Mandatory teaching note distinguishing the two registers at every combined-curriculum occurrence; never let one be read as contradicting the other.

Turn And Live

Approved rendering: tig rov qab ntawm kev txhaum thiab yuav muaj sia
Transliteration: shuv … v’chayah
Doctrine: Individual Responsibility for Sin (Ezekiel 18)
Rejected alternatives: hu (ritual soul-calling/spirit-summoning verb) — PERMANENTLY FORBIDDEN, per the Romans-package precedent forbidding this verb for salvation-invocation language

NEW — provisional. God’s gracious offer (18:21-23,27-28; 33:11) that turning from sin changes the outcome. The forbidden-substitution rule against ‘hu’ is absolute: using it would suggest repentance functions as ritual soul-calling technique rather than genuine moral change of direction before the living God.

Idols Contemptuous Gillulim

Approved rendering: dab mlom (+ qias tsis huv intensifier)
Transliteration: gillulim
Doctrine: Judgment on Jerusalem and the Nations
Rejected alternatives: flat reuse of base idol term alone without intensifier — rejected, under-translates the markedly more contemptuous Hebrew register (‘dung-shaped things’)

NEW — provisional. Extends the inherited idol entry with an Ezekiel-specific intensifying gloss (‘qias tsis huv,’ filthy/unclean) to preserve the distinct contemptuous register the Hebrew root gillulim carries far more densely in Ezekiel than elsewhere.

Abomination

Approved rendering: tej kev qias vuab tsuab
Transliteration: to’ebah
Doctrine: Judgment on Jerusalem and the Nations
Rejected alternatives: generic dilution to ‘bad behavior’ — rejected, must remain specifically tied to idolatrous, covenant-breaking practice

NEW — provisional. General term for the detestable idolatrous practices catalogued across Ezekiel’s judgment oracles (ch.8,16,18,20,22,33). Must always co-occur with an idolatry-referent noun/clause in generated content; never let it stand as a free-floating synonym for sin in general.

Jealousy Of God

Approved rendering: Vajtswv txoj kev khib siab
Transliteration: qin’ah
Doctrine: Judgment on Jerusalem and the Nations
Rejected alternatives: unqualified ‘jealousy/anger’ heard as capricious ancestor/household-spirit jealousy — rejected without contrast teaching

NEW — provisional. God’s exclusive covenant-jealousy provoked by idolatry practiced within His own temple (ch.8,16,23,36). Must apply the identical anti-appeasement contrast-teaching strategy already fixed for wrath_of_god; never present divine jealousy as remediable by ritual offering.

Day Of The Lord

Approved rendering: hnub ntawm Vajtswv txoj kev npau taws
Transliteration: yom YHWH
Doctrine: Judgment on Jerusalem and the Nations

NEW — provisional. Eschatological day of judgment/darkness, intensified against Egypt (ch.30). Reuses the inherited wrath_of_god entry as its anchoring qualifier; same anti-appeasement contrast-teaching requirement applies.

Covenant

Approved rendering: kev cog lus (ntawm Vajtswv)
Transliteration: berit
Doctrine: General / Cross-cutting
Rejected alternatives: bare ‘kev cog lus’ without the qualifier — rejected, risks being heard as one more ritual-oath category among many (blood-oaths, spirit-witnessed pledges)

NEW — provisional. The binding, solemn relationship between God and Israel (broken ch.16-17, restored ch.34,37). Qualifier ‘(ntawm Vajtswv)’ mandatory at every occurrence, structurally parallel in enforcement weight to the Romans TM’s Law qualifier rule. Kept visibly distinct from the inherited ‘promise’ entry, which names specific pledged content within the covenant relationship.

Sprinkle Clean Water

Approved rendering: kuv yuav nchuav dej ntshiab rau saum nej
Transliteration: ve-zaraqti aleikhem mayim tehorim
Doctrine: The New Heart and New Spirit
Rejected alternatives: equating with or substituting for the inherited ‘baptism’ entry — PERMANENTLY FORBIDDEN, would collapse an Old Testament ritual-cleansing type into the New Testament sacrament of union with Christ

NEW — provisional. Ritual-cleansing imagery (36:25) marking inner purification, widely recognized as an Old Testament TYPE anticipating New Testament baptism. Must always be explicitly taught as type/precursor only, never equated with or substituted for the baptism entry.

Everlasting Covenant

Approved rendering: kev cog lus (ntawm Vajtswv) uas nyob mus ib txhis
Transliteration: berit olam
Doctrine: Restoration and the Valley of Dry Bones

NEW — provisional. God’s permanent covenant commitment accompanying Israel’s final restoration (37:26). Compound reuse of covenant plus the inherited eternal_life entry’s ‘mus ib txhis’ root; same qualifier-consistency requirement as covenant, intensified by the eschatological permanence claim.

Dwelling Place Of God

Approved rendering: qhov chaw Vajtswv nyob
Transliteration: mishkan
Doctrine: God’s Presence Departing and Returning
Rejected alternatives: any cognate of tsev dab (household spirit-shrine) — PERMANENTLY FORBIDDEN

NEW — provisional. God’s promised sanctuary ‘in their midst forevermore’ (37:26-27), directly linking Restoration to the temple-vision chapters (40-48). Risk that an unqualified phrase could be read through the lens of a household spirit-shrine; requires the same distinguishing note as sanctuary_temple.

Lord Is There

Approved rendering: Tus Tswv Vajtswv nyob ntawd
Transliteration: YHWH shammah
Doctrine: God’s Presence Departing and Returning

NEW — provisional. The book’s climactic closing name for the restored city (48:35) — the final, resolved answer to the Presence doctrine’s central question. Must be rendered as a fixed, memorable closing formula consistent with the recognition_formula tradition, reusing lord_god_sovereign’s compound exactly.

Medium Risk Terms

Hardening

Approved rendering: lub siab tawv
Transliteration: pōrōsis
Doctrine: The Future of Israel

Inherited from Romans package, translation unchanged. Reused as the deliberate root for Ezekiel’s ‘heart of stone’ (see heart_of_stone, NEW entry) to preserve conceptual continuity across a combined Romans/Ezekiel curriculum on Israel’s spiritual condition.

Ruach Wind

Approved rendering: cua
Transliteration: ruach (wind sense)
Doctrine: Restoration and the Valley of Dry Bones

NEW — provisional. One node of the polyvalent ruach root (1:4 storm-wind; 37:9 four winds). Must remain visibly distinct from ruach_breath and holy_spirit even though all three render the same Hebrew root; requires a mandatory first-occurrence footnote in any Ezekiel 37 lesson explaining the wordplay.

Son Of Man Address

Approved rendering: koj, tus neeg
Transliteration: ben-adam
Doctrine: General / Cross-cutting

NEW — provisional. God’s characteristic address to Ezekiel (~93 occurrences). No traditional-religion collision; must be explicitly distinguished in teaching from the later messianic ‘Son of Man’ title (Daniel 7; the Gospels) to avoid doctrinal confusion, since Ezekiel’s usage marks mortality/frailty, not messianic identity.

Prophesy Naba

Approved rendering: cev Vajtswv lo lus
Transliteration: hinnave (naba)
Doctrine: General / Cross-cutting

NEW — provisional. Authoritative relaying of a word already given by God. Must be kept distinct from Hmong divination/fortune-telling roles (txiv neeb, txiv xaiv), which foretell via ritual technique rather than authoritatively convey a divine word already given.

Grave Qever

Approved rendering: qhov ntxa
Transliteration: qever / qevarot
Doctrine: Restoration and the Valley of Dry Bones

NEW — provisional. Ezekiel 37:12-13’s intensified resurrection imagery. Collision risk with Hmong grave-side ancestor-offering rites; requires the same contrast-teaching note as dry_bones, emphasizing passive-voice divine agency (‘I will open your graves’) as God’s sovereign act alone.

Four Winds

Approved rendering: plaub sab cua
Transliteration: arba ruchot
Doctrine: Restoration and the Valley of Dry Bones

NEW — provisional. Ezekiel 37:9’s universalizing summons. Must be visibly distinguished from ruach_breath and holy_spirit even though all three render the same Hebrew root; comprehension-level risk addressed by the same footnote used for ruach_wind.

Flesh Body Restoration

Approved rendering: nqaij
Transliteration: basar (neutral, restoration context)
Doctrine: Restoration and the Valley of Dry Bones

NEW — provisional. The bare physical body-tissue restored to the dry bones (37:6,8), prior to and distinct from the breath of life; the text itself emphasizes a body without breath is still a corpse (v.8). Reuses the neutral root of flesh_neutral_descent_body but in its own shorter Ezekiel-specific form; must not be confused with heart_of_flesh’s distinct positive-heart sense.

Watchman

Approved rendering: tus fajxwm
Transliteration: tsofeh
Doctrine: Individual Responsibility for Sin (Ezekiel 18)

NEW — provisional. Ezekiel’s sentinel role (3:16-21; 33:1-9), bearing responsibility for the hearer’s fate if he fails to warn. Comprehension-level gap only (no exact Hmong sentinel-office parallel); no traditional-religion collision.

Cherubim

Approved rendering: cov Khelunpi
Transliteration: keruvim / chayot
Doctrine: The Glory and Sovereignty of God
Rejected alternatives: generic Hmong spirit-being vocabulary (dab, ntxwg nyoog) — PERMANENTLY FORBIDDEN

NEW — provisional. Composite winged throne-attendants (ch.1,10; also 28:14,16). Transliteration plus descriptive gloss (‘cov tub ceev xwm ntawm Vajtswv muaj tis’); must be kept lexically distinct from generic spirit-being vocabulary — these are holy heavenly attendants of God, never ancestral or nature spirits.

Whitewash False Peace

Approved rendering: roj tsuab (uas npog qhov tsis muaj zog)
Transliteration: tafel
Doctrine: Judgment on Jerusalem and the Nations

NEW — provisional. False prophets’ hollow reassurances of ‘peace’ covering a structurally doomed wall (ch.13); comprehension-level metaphor, no traditional-religion collision identified.

Prophetic Sign Act

Approved rendering: cim / lub cim ntawm Vajtswv
Transliteration: ot
Doctrine: Judgment on Jerusalem and the Nations

NEW — provisional. Ezekiel’s own dramatized actions functioning as living prophetic signs (siege-model ch.4; forehead mark ch.9; his wife’s death ch.24). Must never be taught as if the sign-act itself possesses ritual efficacy — it represents coming judgment, it does not cause or avert it; see iniquity_avon and propitiation_atoning_sacrifice for the required contrast.

Eden Garden Of God

Approved rendering: lub Vaj Edeen
Transliteration: Eden, gan-Elohim
Doctrine: Judgment on Jerusalem and the Nations

NEW — provisional proper name. [TRANSLATOR REVIEW NEEDED: possible extended typological referent beyond Tyre, contested ‘Satan’s fall’ reading of 28:11-19, outside this curriculum’s seven assigned doctrines and must not be resolved unilaterally in Phase 2 generation].

Sea Monster Dragon

Approved rendering: tus nab loj hauv dej
Transliteration: tannin
Doctrine: Judgment on Jerusalem and the Nations

NEW — provisional. Pharaoh depicted as a great river/sea monster God will subdue (ch.29,32); comprehension gap (unfamiliar creature imagery for a highland Southeast Asian audience), low collision risk.

Shepherd

Approved rendering: tus yug yaj
Transliteration: ro’eh
Doctrine: Restoration and the Valley of Dry Bones

NEW — provisional. Israel’s corrupt rulers contrasted with God Himself and His servant David as the true shepherd (ch.34); comprehension bridge, already established via existing Hmong Christian NT Good Shepherd usage, no traditional-religion collision.

Covenant Of Peace

Approved rendering: kev cog lus kev thaj yeeb (ntawm Vajtswv)
Transliteration: berit shalom
Doctrine: Restoration and the Valley of Dry Bones

NEW — provisional compound. Combines covenant with the inherited peace entry (34:25; 37:26); same qualifier-consistency requirement as covenant.

Gog Magog

Approved rendering: Nkaug / Makaug
Transliteration: Gog / Magog
Doctrine: The Glory and Sovereignty of God

NEW — provisional proper name. [TRANSLATOR REVIEW NEEDED: no prior fixed Hmong Bible-tradition form confirmed in this pipeline for the eschatological enemy coalition of ch.38-39]. Logged for TM-revision review before permanent adoption.

Sanctuary Temple

Approved rendering: lub tuam tsev
Transliteration: miqdash / bayit
Doctrine: The Vision of the New Temple
Rejected alternatives: tsev dab (household/ancestral spirit-shrine) — PERMANENTLY FORBIDDEN

NEW — provisional. God’s own holy dwelling, defiled by idolatry (ch.8) and rebuilt in the detailed architectural vision (ch.40-46). Must be kept lexically distinct from tsev dab at every occurrence given how much curriculum content is devoted to this vision.

Holiness Spatial

Approved rendering: dawb huv
Transliteration: qodesh
Doctrine: The Vision of the New Temple

NEW — provisional. REVERSED-CAUTION CASE: reuses the inherited sanctification entry’s root, but here in the temple-architecture context (ch.40-46) a literal, spatial/graduated ritual holiness sense IS the correct and intended meaning, unlike the Romans-package caution against a literal ritual-purity reading. Phase 2 generation must NOT import the Romans-package caution into this context — this is the single clearest case in the curriculum where identical Hmong vocabulary requires opposite handling instructions depending on doctrinal context.

River Of Life

Approved rendering: dej ntws muaj txoj sia
Transliteration: nachal / mayim (chayim)
Doctrine: The Vision of the New Temple
Rejected alternatives: framing suggesting the water itself possesses independent spirit-power (nature-spirit ‘sacred spring’ reading) — rejected

NEW — provisional. Life-giving water flowing from beneath the temple threshold, healing the Dead Sea and producing perpetually fruitful trees (ch.47). Requires a distinguishing note that the water is life-giving solely by God’s power flowing from His own presence, never framed as possessing independent spirit-power.

Priestly Office Zadokite

Approved rendering: [TRANSLATOR REVIEW NEEDED — no permanent rendering assigned]
Transliteration: kohen (Zadokite priesthood, ch.44-46)
Doctrine: The Vision of the New Temple
Rejected alternatives: reuse of the Romans TM priestly_minister entry (‘tus ua haujlwm pab Vajtswv’) — REJECTED, that entry deliberately mutes cultic-priestly nuance to avoid conflation with shamanism; Ezekiel’s literal, historical Zadokite temple priesthood (ch.44-46) is a distinct referent and must not be merged with it

NEW — provisional, UNRESOLVED. Ezekiel’s detailed priestly/Levitical regulatory material (ch.44-46) requires its own dedicated rendering rather than reuse of the Romans package’s deliberately muted ministry term. Flagged for formal TM-revision review with theologian and native-speaker input before Phase 2 generation may proceed on ch.44-46 priestly-office content.

Low Risk Terms

God

Approved rendering: Vajtswv
Transliteration: Elohim / theos
Doctrine: General / Cross-cutting
Rejected alternatives: Ntuj (impersonal sky/heaven) — rejected, lacks personal deity sense, dab (spirit) — rejected, denotes false/lesser spirit

Inherited from Romans package. Reused exactly throughout Ezekiel; also forms half of the compound ‘tus Tswv Vajtswv’ (see lord_god_sovereign, NEW entry).

Lord

Approved rendering: tus Tswv
Transliteration: kyrios (LXX equivalent)
Doctrine: General / Cross-cutting

Inherited from Romans package. Forms the other half of the mandatory compound ‘tus Tswv Vajtswv’ rendering Adonai YHWH throughout Ezekiel; never used standalone where the compound divine title is intended.

Glory

Approved rendering: lub yeeb koob
Transliteration: doxa (LXX); kabod
Doctrine: General / Cross-cutting

Inherited from Romans package, translation unchanged. In Ezekiel this term’s risk tier is elevated to Critical BY FUNCTION (not by lexical weakness) because it becomes the structural spine of the God’s Presence Departing and Returning doctrine; see glory_departs_returns (NEW entry) for the mandatory extended, qualifier-bearing formula used at every occurrence in Ezekiel 1, 8-11, 39, 43, 44.

Boasting

Approved rendering: kev khav theeb
Transliteration: kauchēsis (LXX); ga’avah / ga’own
Doctrine: Justification by Faith

Inherited from Romans package, translation unchanged. Reused exactly for the self-exalting pride of the king/prince of Tyre judged in Ezekiel 28, part of Judgment on Jerusalem and the Nations doctrine.

Heir

Approved rendering: tus qub txeeg qub teg
Transliteration: klēronomos; nachalah
Doctrine: Union with Christ

Inherited from Romans package, translation unchanged. Reuse-adjacent root for the land-allotment vision of Ezekiel 47-48 (see inheritance_land_allotment, NEW entry), part of The Vision of the New Temple doctrine.

Scripture

Approved rendering: Vaj Lug Kub
Transliteration: graphē
Doctrine: General / Cross-cutting

Inherited from Romans package, translation unchanged. Used in curriculum framing to bridge this Ezekiel package to the existing Romans package; not a term occurring within Ezekiel’s own text.

Death

Approved rendering: txoj kev tuag
Transliteration: thanatos
Doctrine: Original Sin and Universal Guilt

Inherited from Romans package, translation unchanged. Relevant background term for Restoration and the Valley of Dry Bones doctrine, where national/spiritual death is the condition the vision of Ezekiel 37 reverses; no lexical change needed.

Hope

Approved rendering: kev cia siab
Transliteration: elpis; tikvah
Doctrine: Sanctification and Life in the Spirit

Inherited from Romans package, translation unchanged. Reused exactly for Ezekiel 37:11’s ‘our hope is lost,’ part of the Restoration and the Valley of Dry Bones doctrine; the core passage dramatically illustrates this entry’s existing caution that hope is confident expectation grounded in God’s promise/action, not mere wishing.

Peace

Approved rendering: kev thaj yeeb
Transliteration: eirēnē; shalom
Doctrine: General / Cross-cutting

Inherited from Romans package, translation unchanged. Reused as a component of Ezekiel’s ‘covenant of peace’ compound (see covenant_of_peace, NEW entry, Ezekiel 34:25, 37:26), part of the Restoration doctrine.

Eternal Life

Approved rendering: txoj sia nyob mus ib txhis
Transliteration: zōē aiōnios
Doctrine: Union with Christ

Inherited from Romans package, translation unchanged. The ‘mus ib txhis’ (forever) root is reused as a component of Ezekiel’s ‘everlasting covenant’ compound (see everlasting_covenant, NEW entry, Ezekiel 37:26), part of the Restoration doctrine.

Promise

Approved rendering: lus cog tseg
Transliteration: epangelia
Doctrine: Election and the Sovereignty of God

Inherited from Romans package, translation unchanged. Kept lexically distinct from Ezekiel’s ‘covenant’ (see covenant, NEW entry): ‘promise’ names a specific pledged content, ‘covenant’ names the formal binding relationship containing it — the two must not be treated as interchangeable synonyms.

Valley Biqah

Approved rendering: lub hav
Transliteration: biq’ah
Doctrine: Restoration and the Valley of Dry Bones

NEW — provisional. Plain descriptive geographic term for the vision’s setting; no collision.

Sinews

Approved rendering: leeg
Transliteration: gidim
Doctrine: Restoration and the Valley of Dry Bones

NEW — provisional. Plain anatomical term restored in the first stage of the bones’ physical reassembly (37:6,8); no collision.

Skin

Approved rendering: tawv nqaij
Transliteration: or
Doctrine: Restoration and the Valley of Dry Bones

NEW — provisional. Plain anatomical term completing the outward physical restoration (37:6,8); no collision.

Sword

Approved rendering: riam ntaj
Transliteration: chereb
Doctrine: Judgment on Jerusalem and the Nations

NEW — provisional. Instrument of violent judgment recurring across the siege and sword-song oracles (ch.5,21,33); concrete term, no collision.

Famine

Approved rendering: kev tshaib nqhis
Transliteration: ra’av
Doctrine: Judgment on Jerusalem and the Nations

NEW — provisional. Covenant-curse judgment paired with sword and pestilence (ch.5,14); concrete term, no collision.

Pestilence

Approved rendering: mob kis
Transliteration: dever
Doctrine: Judgment on Jerusalem and the Nations

NEW — provisional. Covenant-curse judgment of plague/disease (ch.5,14); concrete term, no collision.

Wheels

Approved rendering: cov log tsheb
Transliteration: ofannim
Doctrine: The Glory and Sovereignty of God

NEW — provisional. The mobile, all-directional wheeled structure beneath the throne-chariot, signifying God’s presence is not localized/fixed (ch.1,10); concrete term, no collision.

Throne

Approved rendering: lub zwm txwv
Transliteration: kise
Doctrine: The Glory and Sovereignty of God

NEW — provisional. Seat of royal/divine authority in the inaugural vision and temple-vision climax (ch.1,43); established royal-authority term, no collision.

Likeness Appearance

Approved rendering: zoo li
Transliteration: demut
Doctrine: The Glory and Sovereignty of God

NEW — provisional. Visionary/analogical description language marking the vision as accommodated, indirect revelation (ch.1); plain comparative term, no collision.

Scroll

Approved rendering: phau ntawv (uas dov)
Transliteration: megillah
Doctrine: General / Cross-cutting

NEW — provisional. The written word of judgment/lament Ezekiel is commanded to eat (2:9-3:3); comprehension-level image, no collision.

Two Sticks Reunification

Approved rendering: ob tug pas ntoo
Transliteration: shnei etzim
Doctrine: Restoration and the Valley of Dry Bones

NEW — provisional. Symbolic reunification of the divided kingdoms (Israel and Judah) into one nation under one king (37:15-28); concrete sign-act imagery, no collision.

Inheritance Land Allotment

Approved rendering: thaj av qub txeeg qub teg
Transliteration: nachalah
Doctrine: The Vision of the New Temple

NEW — provisional. Each tribe’s restored allotment of land in the final vision (ch.47-48). Reuse-adjacent to the inherited heir entry’s root; strong positive resonance with Hmong lineage-inheritance custom, no collision.

Low-Medium Risk Terms

Renewal Of The Mind

Approved rendering: hloov siab tshiab
Transliteration: anakainōsis tou noos
Doctrine: Sanctification and Life in the Spirit

Inherited from Romans package, translation unchanged. Retained as the CONTRAST anchor for The New Heart and New Spirit doctrine’s ‘new heart’ (see new_heart, NEW entry): this Romans term describes the Christian’s ONGOING, post-conversion process of renewal, whereas Ezekiel’s ‘lub siab tshiab’ describes a ONE-TIME divine replacement-gift; the two phrases must remain visibly distinct in spelling and teaching.

Rebellious House

Approved rendering: cov tsev neeg uas fav xeeb rau Vajtswv
Transliteration: beit meri
Doctrine: Judgment on Jerusalem and the Nations

NEW — provisional. Israel’s characteristic covenant-breaking posture, God’s descriptive label at Ezekiel’s commissioning (ch.2); descriptive phrase, comprehension-level risk only.

Medium-High Risk Terms

Iniquity Avon

Approved rendering: kev txhaum / lub txim
Transliteration: avon
Doctrine: Individual Responsibility for Sin (Ezekiel 18)

NEW — provisional. Central to Ezekiel’s sign-act (ch.4, Ezekiel symbolically ‘bears’ Israel’s iniquity by lying on his side) and to the transferability question of ch.18. Must never be taught as if the ch.4 sign-act itself atones for sin; see prophetic_sign_act and propitiation_atoning_sacrifice for the required contrast.

For My Names Sake

Approved rendering: vim yog kuv lub npe (dawb huv)
Transliteration: lema’an shemi / lema’an shem-qodshi
Doctrine: The Glory and Sovereignty of God
Rejected alternatives: conflation with the inherited ‘grace’ entry — rejected, this is a distinct divine self-consistency/reputation motive-clause, not the soteriological unmerited-favor category

NEW — provisional. God’s stated motive for withholding judgment (ch.20) and later for restoring Israel (ch.36,39): to protect His own reputation among the nations, not because Israel merits it. Must be kept terminologically separate from grace in any combined curriculum to avoid doctrinal blending between two conceptually related but distinct motifs.

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