Core Glossary
2 Thessalonians — Core Glossary (Hmong Language Package)
Risk tier legend (inherited unchanged from the Romans baseline): Critical = strong specific collision with Hmong traditional religion that could invert doctrine; High = real confusion potential, manageable with a documented strategy; Medium = comprehension/register gap, no direct collision; Low = stable, minimal ambiguity. Hybrid tiers (e.g. “Low-Medium”) are retained where the baseline itself used them.
A. Terms Inherited Exactly from the Romans Baseline TM
| # | English Term | Greek / Translit. | Hmong Rendering | Risk | Doctrine(s) in 2 Thessalonians | Chapters | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | God | θεός / theos | Vajtswv | Low | General / Man of Lawlessness (self-deification, 2:4) | 1, 2 | INHERITED |
| 2 | Lord | κύριος / kyrios | tus Tswv | Low | Day of the Lord; General | 1, 2, 3 | INHERITED |
| 3 | Jesus Christ | Ἰησοῦς Χριστός / Iēsous Christos | Yexus Khetos | Low | General | 1, 2, 3 | INHERITED |
| 4 | Father (God) | πατήρ / patēr | Leej Txiv | Low | General | 1, 2 | INHERITED |
| 5 | Holy Spirit | πνεῦμα ἅγιον / pneuma hagion | Vaj Ntsuj Plig | Critical | Standing Firm in the Traditions (2:13, sanctification of the Spirit) | 2 | INHERITED — Vaj-prefix discipline mandatory |
| 6 | Grace | χάρις / charis | txiaj ntsim | Critical | General; closing benediction | 1, 3 | INHERITED — koob hmoov permanently forbidden |
| 7 | Peace | εἰρήνη / eirēnē | kev thaj yeeb | Low | General | 1, 3 | INHERITED |
| 8 | Faith / Believe | πίστις / πιστεύω | kev ntseeg / ntseeg | Medium | Perseverance under Persecution; The Man of Lawlessness (2:10-12, refusal to believe truth) | 1, 2, 3 | INHERITED |
| 9 | Gospel | εὐαγγέλιον / euangelion | Txoj Moo Zoo | Low | General | 1, 3 | INHERITED |
| 10 | Glory | δόξα / doxa | lub yeeb koob | Low | Day of the Lord; God’s Righteous Judgment | 1, 2, 3 | INHERITED |
| 11 | Election / Choose | ἐκλογή / αἱρέομαι (haireomai, 2:13) | kev xaiv (Vajtswv xaiv raws li nws lub siab nyiam) | Critical | Standing Firm in the Traditions (grounds of assurance, 2:13) | 2 | INHERITED — hmoov vocabulary permanently forbidden |
| 12 | Sanctification | ἁγιασμός / hagiasmos | kev raug ua kom dawb huv | High | Standing Firm in the Traditions (2:13) | 2 | INHERITED |
| 13 | Truth | ἀλήθεια / alētheia | qhov tseeb | Low | The Man of Lawlessness (contrasted with “the lie,” 2:10-12) | 2 | INHERITED |
| 14 | Unrighteousness | ἀδικία / adikia | kev tsis ncaj ncees | Low | The Man of Lawlessness; God’s Righteous Judgment | 2 | INHERITED |
| 15 | Law (Mosaic/Divine) — root only | νόμος / nomos (as base of ἀνομία) | Txoj Kevcai (ntawm Vajtswv / Mauxes) | Critical | The Man of Lawlessness (anomia is its negation) | 2 | INHERITED — qualifier mandatory whenever the root is invoked in teaching anomia |
| 16 | Power | δύναμις / dynamis | hwjchim (qualified) | Critical/High (context-dependent, see new #12 below) | God’s Righteous Judgment; The Man of Lawlessness | 1, 2 | INHERITED — in 2 Thess this term appears BOTH of God’s power (1:11, qualify Vajtswv hwjchim) AND of Satan’s counterfeit power (2:9, qualify hwjchim ntawm Xatas, NEVER Vajtswv hwjchim) — see new glossary entry #12 |
| 17 | Salvation / Save | σωτηρία / σῴζω | kev cawm dim / cawm | High | The Man of Lawlessness (2:10, 13); Perseverance (3:2, deliverance from evil men) | 2, 3 | INHERITED — always anchor to Yexus Khetos; note context-marking needed at 3:2 (human deliverance) vs. 2:10/13 (eschatological salvation) |
| 18 | Endurance | ὑπομονή / hypomonē | kev ua siab ntev | Low | Perseverance under Persecution | 1, 3 | INHERITED |
| 19 | Boasting | καύχησις / kauchasthai | kev khav theeb | Low | Perseverance under Persecution (apostolic commendation, 1:4) | 1 | INHERITED |
| 20 | Kingdom of God | βασιλεία τοῦ θεοῦ / basileia tou theou | lub Nceeg Vaj ntawm Vajtswv | Low | God’s Righteous Judgment (1:5) | 1 | INHERITED |
| 21 | Wrath of God (conceptual anchor for vengeance/judgment vocabulary) | ὀργή θεοῦ / orgē theou | kev npau taws ntawm Vajtswv | High | God’s Righteous Judgment (conceptual background to 1:6-9, 2:11) | 1, 2 | INHERITED — governs teaching on righteous, non-appeasable divine judgment vs. capricious folk spirit-anger |
| 22 | Reckon/Impute | λογίζομαι / logizomai (conceptual parallel only; distinct verb used in 2 Thess, see new #16) | suav / suav tias | Critical | (background contrast only — see New #16 below for the actual verb used) | — | INHERITED, referenced for contrast |
| 23 | Eternal life (antonym pairing) | ζωὴ αἰώνιος / zōē aiōnios | txoj sia nyob mus ib txhis | Low | God’s Righteous Judgment (antonym of “eternal destruction,” new #18) | 1 | INHERITED, referenced for contrast |
B. New Terms Surfaced in 2 Thessalonians (Full-Book Coverage)
| # | English Term | Greek / Translit. | Literal Meaning | Hmong Rendering | Risk | Doctrine | Chapters | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Brother/fellow believer | ἀδελφός / adelphos | sibling from same womb | kwvtij | Low | General; Perseverance | 1, 2, 3 | Stable existing warm Hmong kin-term; no collision. |
| 2 | Day of the Lord | ἡμέρα τοῦ κυρίου / hēmera tou kyriou | day of the Lord | Hnub ntawm tus Tswv | High | The Day of the Lord (title doctrine) | 2 | No lexical collision found, but maximal doctrinal weight; must always be anchored to Christ’s visible judicial return (2:8), never left as a generic “someday.” |
| 3 | Parousia (Lord’s coming) | παρουσία / parousia | arrival, presence | tus Tswv txoj kev los | Medium-High | Day of the Lord | 2 | Must remain visibly distinct in Hmong from #4 below despite shared Greek vocabulary. |
| 4 | Parousia (lawless one’s coming) | παρουσία / parousia | arrival, presence | tus limhiam txoj kev tuaj | High | Man of Lawlessness | 2 | Forbidden to reuse the identical string as #3; deliberate Pauline verbal parody must not become an accidental Hmong lexical identity. |
| 5 | Gathering together (to Christ) | ἐπισυναγωγή / episynagōgē | assembling to | kev sib sau ua ke rau ntawm tus Tswv | Low-Medium | Day of the Lord | 2 | Comprehension-level only. |
| 6 | Apostasy / rebellion | ἀποστασία / apostasia | standing away, defection | kev fav xeeb tso Vajtswv tseg | Critical | Day of the Lord; Man of Lawlessness | 2 | No prior fixed Hmong Christian rendering; must preserve decisive, willful character, not mere confusion/drifting. |
| 7 | Lawlessness | ἀνομία / anomia | no-law-ness | kev fav Vajtswv Txoj Kevcai | Critical | Man of Lawlessness | 2 | Built on the baseline’s fixed Txoj Kevcai root; must never collapse into generic kev txhaum (sin) or kev tsis ncaj ncees (unrighteousness), which would lose its specific anti-Law force. |
| 8 | Man of lawlessness | ἄνθρωπος τῆς ἀνομίας / anthrōpos tēs anomias | the man of no-law-ness | tus neeg fav Vajtswv Txoj Kevcai (short form after first use: tus limhiam) | Critical | Man of Lawlessness (title doctrine) | 2 | Central figure of the doctrine; first-occurrence gloss required, short-form epithet permitted thereafter. |
| 9 | Son of destruction | υἱὸς τῆς ἀπωλείας / huios tēs apōleias | son characterized by destruction | tus tub uas yuav raug puas tsuaj | Critical | Man of Lawlessness | 2 | FORBIDDEN: must never use the honorific Leej Tub (reserved exclusively for Christ per Romans baseline #7). |
| 10 | The restrainer / what restrains | τὸ κατέχον / ὁ κατέχων / to katechon / ho katechōn | that which holds back / he who holds back | qhov uas tswj tsis pub / tus uas tswj tsis pub | High | Man of Lawlessness | 2 | Interpretive, not cultural, risk; render literally, do not resolve the exegetical debate; [TRANSLATOR REVIEW NEEDED] at every occurrence. |
| 11 | Mystery of lawlessness | μυστήριον τῆς ἀνομίας / mystērion tēs anomias | hidden thing of lawlessness | zaj lus zais cia ntawm kev fav Vajtswv Txoj Kevcai | High | Man of Lawlessness | 2 | Compound of baseline mystērion root (Low-Medium) + Critical anomia root (#7); net rating High. |
| 12 | Counterfeit power/signs/wonders | δύναμις καὶ σημεῖα καὶ τέρατα ψεύδους / dynamis kai sēmeia kai terata pseudous | power, signs, and wonders of falsehood | hwjchim ntawm Xatas, tej txuj ci tseem ceeb thiab tej txuj ci phem uas cuav | Critical | Man of Lawlessness | 2 | Single highest-risk clause in the letter; hwjchim here must NEVER be qualified Vajtswv, only ntawm Xatas — an explicit inversion of the baseline’s usual qualifier rule. |
| 13 | Satan | Σατανᾶς / Satanas | the Adversary | Xatas (gloss: tus dab Ntxwg Nyoog) | High | Man of Lawlessness | 2 | Transliteration primary to avoid over-identification with the generic dab (ancestor/nature-spirit) category. |
| 14 | Deception / deceit | ἀπάτη, πλάνη / apatē, planē | delusion, error | kev dag ntxias | Medium | Man of Lawlessness | 2 | Two Greek near-synonyms (2:10, 2:11) both mapped to the same stable Hmong phrase. |
| 15 | The lie | τὸ ψεῦδος / to pseudos | the falsehood | tej lus cuav | Low-Medium | Man of Lawlessness | 2 | Contrast term to baseline qhov tseeb (truth). |
| 16 | Condemned / judged | κριθῶσιν (κρίνω) / krithōsin (krinō) | might be judged | raug txiav txim | Medium | God’s Righteous Judgment | 2 | Distinct from, and mirror-image of, baseline Romans katakrima/“no condemnation” entry — teach alongside, do not confuse. |
| 17 | Righteous judgment of God | δικαία κρίσις τοῦ θεοῦ / dikaia krisis tou theou | just verdict | Vajtswv txoj kev txiav txim ncaj ncees | Critical | God’s Righteous Judgment (title doctrine) | 1 | Must be explicitly distinguished from the baseline’s forensic-justification ncaj ncees entry (Romans, imputed righteousness) — here ncaj ncees describes retributive judicial rectitude, not justification; conflating the two risks importing a false “justification by being judged” reading. |
| 18 | Eternal destruction | ὄλεθρος αἰώνιος / olethros aiōnios | everlasting ruin | kev puas tsuaj mus ib txhis | Medium | God’s Righteous Judgment | 1 | Antonym pairing with baseline eternal_life. |
| 19 | Affliction / tribulation | θλῖψις / thlipsis | pressure, pressing | kev raug txom nyem | Low | Perseverance under Persecution | 1 | — |
| 20 | Persecutions | διωγμός / diōgmos | hostile pursuit | kev tsim txom | Low-Medium | Perseverance under Persecution | 1 | — |
| 21 | Recompense / repay | ἀνταποδίδωμι / antapodidōmi | pay back | pauj | Medium | God’s Righteous Judgment | 1 | Bare verb; low collision on its own, but feeds directly into #22. |
| 22 | Vengeance / retribution | ἐκδίκησις / ekdikēsis | retributive justice | kev pauj taub | High | God’s Righteous Judgment | 1 | pauj is also the ordinary Hmong word for clan/personal vendetta-retribution; must be taught as God’s exclusive righteous prerogative, never as sanction for human vengeance-taking. |
| 23 | Presence of the Lord | πρόσωπον τοῦ κυρίου / prosōpon tou kyriou | the Lord’s face | ntawm tus Tswv lub xubntiag | Low | God’s Righteous Judgment | 1 | — |
| 24 | Worthy of calling / calling | ἀξιόω τῆς κλήσεως / klēsis | reckoned worthy / summons | tsim nyog rau Vajtswv txoj kev hu / Vajtswv txoj kev hu | Low-Medium / Medium | God’s Righteous Judgment | 1 | Comprehension gap only; distinguish from ordinary clan-summons. |
| 25 | Traditions | παράδοσις / paradosis | that which is handed down | tej lus qhuab qhia uas tau txais ntawm Povlauj | Critical | Standing Firm in the Traditions (title doctrine) | 2, 3 | Major collision risk, structurally parallel to the Romans-baseline Txoj Kevcai collision: the semantic domain “teaching handed down from an authoritative source” overlaps heavily with Hmong ancestral custom (kevcai/kab ke handed down from pojkoob yawgkoob, ancestors). Deliberately rendered WITHOUT the kevcai root and WITH explicit anchoring to the apostolic source (ntawm Povlauj / “by word or by letter of ours,” 2:15) so hearers do not assimilate apostolic tradition into ancestor-custom-keeping. Mandatory teaching note required at every occurrence. |
| 26 | Stand firm | στήκετε / stēkete | stand | sawv ruaj | Low | Standing Firm in the Traditions | 2 | — |
| 27 | Hold fast | κρατεῖτε / krateite | grasp, hold | khaws / tuav ruaj | Low | Standing Firm in the Traditions | 2 | — |
| 28 | Comfort / encourage | παρακαλέω / parakaleō | call alongside | nplig siab | Low | General | 2, 3 | — |
| 29 | Strengthen / establish | στηρίζω / stērizō | make firm | txhawb kom ruaj khov | Low | Standing Firm in the Traditions; Perseverance | 2, 3 | — |
| 30 | Church / assembly | ἐκκλησία / ekklesia | called-out assembly | pawg ntseeg | Low-Medium | General (implicit throughout; explicit at 1:1, 1:4) | 1 | New formal entry; builds on the pawg root already used in the Romans baseline for deacon/office and factions vocabulary. |
| 31 | Revelation / unveiling | ἀποκαλύπτω, ἀποκάλυψις / apokalyptō, apokalypsis | uncover, disclose | raug qhia tshwm / kev tshwm sim | Medium | Man of Lawlessness; Day of the Lord | 1, 2 | Same verb-family used of both Christ’s glorious revelation (1:7) and the lawless one’s unveiling (2:3,6,8) — must be contextually distinguished, never presented as morally equivalent events. |
| 32 | Adversary / opponent | ὁ ἀντικείμενος / ho antikeimenos | the one positioned against | tus uas tawm tsam Vajtswv | Medium | Man of Lawlessness | 2 | — |
| 33 | Temple of God | ναὸς τοῦ θεοῦ / naos tou theou | God’s temple | lub Tuam Tsev ntawm Vajtswv | Medium | Man of Lawlessness | 2 | Comprehension gap (no fixed-temple-building analogue in Hmong tradition); requires explanatory note on literal/figurative reading options. |
| 34 | Object of worship | σέβασμα / sebasma | object of veneration | tej khoom uas raug pehawm | High | Man of Lawlessness | 2 | Directly invokes the baseline’s flagged pehawm term (Romans #71); object-anchoring discipline applies. |
| 35 | Self-deification claim | ἀποδεικνύντα ἑαυτὸν ὅτι ἔστιν θεός | proclaiming himself to be God | qhia tias nws yog Vajtswv | Critical | Man of Lawlessness | 2 | Must always be framed as a false, blasphemous claim; parallels the discipline already required for dab mlom (idol) in the Romans baseline. |
| 36 | Faithful (of the Lord) | πιστός / pistos | trustworthy | tus ntseeg tau | Low | Perseverance under Persecution | 3 | — |
| 37 | Evil one / the lawless one (short epithet) | ὁ πονηρός / ho anomos / ho ponēros | the evil one | tus limhiam | High | Man of Lawlessness | 2, 3 | Shared short-form epithet for Satan and the man of lawlessness across chapters 2-3; same entry as #8, #13. |
| 38 | Idle / disorderly conduct | ἀτάκτως (περιπατέω) / ataktōs (peripateō) | out of formation | nyob dawh dawb tsis ua haujlwm | Low-Medium | Standing Firm in the Traditions | 3 | Ties concretely to the tradition-instruction of 3:6. |
| 39 | Busybody / meddler | περιεργάζομαι / periergazomai | work around in others’ affairs | khiav dej num luag | Low | Standing Firm in the Traditions | 3 | — |
| 40 | Work / labor | ἐργάζομαι, κόπος / ergazomai, kopos | to work, labor | ua haujlwm | Low | Standing Firm in the Traditions | 3 | Resonates positively with Hmong communal work ethic. |
| 41 | Mark him / do not associate / admonish as a brother | σημειοῦσθε, μὴ συναναμίγνυσθαι, νουθετεῖτε ὡς ἀδελφόν | note, do not mix with, warn as brother | cim nws, tsis txuas lus/koom nrog nws, ntuas nws ib yam li ib tug kwvtij | Medium | Standing Firm in the Traditions | 3 | Must be taught as restorative church discipline, not social shunning-as-punishment. |
| 42 | Sign / token (authentication) | σημεῖον / sēmeion | mark, sign | tim khawv (reuses baseline witness root) / kos npe | Low | General | 3 | Authentication device against forged letters, echoing the false-letter warning of 2:2. |
C. Proper Names (Ad Hoc, Logged for TM-Revision Review)
| English | Greek | Hmong | Status |
|---|---|---|---|
| Paul | Παῦλος | Povlauj | Ad hoc, consistent with baseline register conventions |
| Silvanus | Σιλουανός | Xilavanus | Ad hoc — [TRANSLATOR REVIEW NEEDED] |
| Timothy | Τιμόθεος | Timaute | Ad hoc — [TRANSLATOR REVIEW NEEDED] |
| Thessalonians | Θεσσαλονικεῖς | cov ntseeg hauv lub nroog Thexalaunikes | Ad hoc — [TRANSLATOR REVIEW NEEDED] |
Full-book coverage confirmation: All three chapters of 2 Thessalonians are represented above (Chapter 1: Section A rows tagged “1” plus new-terms #17-24, #30, #31, #36; Chapter 2: Part A/B core-passage terms plus #2-16, #25-27, #31-35, #37; Chapter 3: new-terms #36-42). No chapter was found to be doctrinally “thin” — all three contribute load-bearing vocabulary to at least one of the five assigned doctrines.
Critical Risk Terms
Holy Spirit
Approved rendering: Vaj Ntsuj Plig
Transliteration: pneuma hagion / pneuma hagiōsynēs
Doctrine: Standing Firm in the Traditions
Rejected alternatives: bare ntsuj plig (no Vaj prefix) — rejected, denotes an animistic wandering human soul, applying Vaj Ntsuj Plig to the claimed ‘spirit’-message of 2:2 — FORBIDDEN, that referent is a possibly-false human claim, not the divine Person
Fixed collocation; ‘Vaj’ prefix mandatory at every occurrence. In 2 Thessalonians grounds the Thessalonians’ election via ‘sanctification of the Spirit’ (2:13) and must be kept sharply distinct from the claimed prophetic ‘pneuma’ warned against in 2:2 (see new entry spirit_claimed_utterance_non_divine). Inherited from Romans package.
Grace
Approved rendering: txiaj ntsim
Transliteration: charis
Doctrine: General / Cross-cutting
Rejected alternatives: koob hmoov (fortune/blessing tied to fate and ritual correctness) — PERMANENTLY FORBIDDEN for this sense
Opening and closing benediction term (1:2, 3:18). koob hmoov reserved exclusively for ordinary material ‘blessing’ contexts, never for salvific grace. Inherited from Romans package.
Election Choose
Approved rendering: kev xaiv (Vajtswv xaiv raws li nws lub siab nyiam)
Transliteration: eklogē / eklegomai; haireomai (2 Thess 2:13)
Doctrine: Standing Firm in the Traditions
Rejected alternatives: hmoov (impersonal fate/fortune) vocabulary — PERMANENTLY FORBIDDEN
Applied in 2 Thessalonians to a different Greek verb (haireomai, 2:13) in the same doctrinal territory as the Romans baseline (eklegomai). Volitional verb-phrase mandatory, never a bare noun. Paired in the same breath as the command to stand firm (2:15); must not read as either fatalistic (standing firm unnecessary) or merit-based (standing firm earns election). Inherited from Romans package.
Law Mosaic Divine
Approved rendering: Txoj Kevcai (ntawm Vajtswv / Mauxes)
Transliteration: nomos
Doctrine: The Man of Lawlessness
Rejected alternatives: bare ‘Txoj Kevcai’ without qualifier — rejected, collapses into kev cai dab qhuas
Present in 2 Thessalonians only as the root negated by ‘anomia’ (no-law-ness); the qualifier ‘(ntawm Vajtswv / Mauxes)’ is mandatory whenever this root is invoked in teaching ‘lawlessness’, so the Man of Lawlessness’s opposition is clearly to God’s Law, not generic custom. Inherited from Romans package.
Righteousness Of God Righteous
Approved rendering: Vajtswv txoj kev ncaj ncees / tus ncaj ncees
Transliteration: dikaiosynē theou / dikaios
Doctrine: God’s Righteous Judgment
Rejected alternatives: bare ‘kev ncaj ncees’ without the reckoning qualifier — rejected, reads as self-achieved moralism
Referenced here for mandatory contrastive fencing against ‘righteous_judgment_of_god’ (new entry below): this Romans-baseline entry describes forensic, imputed righteousness (a believer’s declared status) and must NEVER be conflated with 2 Thessalonians 1:5-6’s retributive judicial rectitude, which uses the identical adjective root ‘ncaj ncees’ for a different theological category. Inherited from Romans package.
Justify Reckon As Righteous
Approved rendering: ua kom ncaj ncees / raug suav tias ncaj ncees
Transliteration: dikaioō / logizomai
Doctrine: God’s Righteous Judgment
Rejected alternatives: ‘ua zoo’ (do good) framing — rejected, reintroduces works-righteousness
The reckoning qualifier ‘raug suav tias ncaj ncees’ belongs EXCLUSIVELY to forensic justification and must NEVER be paired with 2 Thessalonians 1:5-6’s ‘Vajtswv txoj kev txiav txim ncaj ncees’ (righteous judgment of God, retributive sense) — see new entry righteous_judgment_of_god for the mandatory fencing rule. Inherited from Romans package.
Reckon Impute
Approved rendering: suav / suav tias
Transliteration: logizomai
Doctrine: God’s Righteous Judgment
Referenced in 2 Thessalonians only as a background contrast anchor; the letter itself uses a different verb (krinō, ‘to judge/condemn’, see condemned_judged) for its own judgment vocabulary. Kept distinct from infused-transformation and from retributive-judgment language. Inherited from Romans package.
Apostasy Rebellion
Approved rendering: kev fav xeeb tso Vajtswv tseg
Transliteration: apostasia
Doctrine: The Day of the Lord
Rejected alternatives: softening to mere ‘confusion’ or ‘wandering’ — rejected, loses the decisive, willful character of the Greek and understates the signal-event status Paul assigns it
NEW. No prior fixed Hmong Christian rendering exists. A decisive, willful, end-time mass turning-away from God that must precede the Day of the Lord (2:3). Genuine conceptual gap: Hmong traditional religious change is understood primarily as clan-level allegiance shift, not individual willful decisive defection from previously-held true faith; requires sustained catechetical reinforcement.
Lawlessness Anomia
Approved rendering: kev fav Vajtswv Txoj Kevcai
Transliteration: anomia
Doctrine: The Man of Lawlessness
Rejected alternatives: generic ‘kev txhaum’ (sin) — rejected, loses the specific anti-Law force, generic ‘kev tsis ncaj ncees’ (unrighteousness) — rejected, same reason
NEW. Built deliberately on the fixed Romans-baseline ‘Txoj Kevcai’ root so the Law-collision qualifier discipline transfers automatically; must never drift into generic sin vocabulary.
Man Of Lawlessness
Approved rendering: tus neeg fav Vajtswv Txoj Kevcai (short form after first use: tus limhiam)
Transliteration: anthrōpos tēs anomias
Doctrine: The Man of Lawlessness
NEW. Central figure/title of the Man-of-Lawlessness doctrine (2:3). First-occurrence full-form gloss mandatory in every curriculum module; short-form epithet ‘tus limhiam’ permitted only after the full form has been given in the same lesson/unit. Shares the short-form epithet with Satan and ‘the evil one’ (see satan, evil_one_shared_epithet) by deliberate design, since the Greek text treats all three as facets of one adversarial reality — this collapsing must never be ‘corrected’ into three distinct renderings.
Son Of Destruction
Approved rendering: tus tub uas yuav raug puas tsuaj
Transliteration: huios tēs apōleias
Doctrine: The Man of Lawlessness
Rejected alternatives: Leej Tub (honorific reserved exclusively for Christ’s divine sonship) — PERMANENTLY FORBIDDEN for this referent under any circumstance, including poetic paraphrase or hymn-style adaptation
NEW. Hebraic idiom meaning ‘one destined for/characterized by destruction’ (2:3). Using ‘Leej Tub’ here would create a blasphemous formal parallel between the Man of Lawlessness and ‘Leej Tub ntawm Vajtswv’ (Son of God).
Counterfeit Power Signs Wonders
Approved rendering: hwjchim ntawm Xatas, tej txuj ci tseem ceeb thiab tej txuj ci phem uas cuav
Transliteration: dynamis kai sēmeia kai terata pseudous
Doctrine: The Man of Lawlessness
Rejected alternatives: bare, unqualified ‘hwjchim’ — FORBIDDEN, qualifying with ‘Vajtswv’ — FORBIDDEN, would blasphemously attribute counterfeit power to God
NEW. The satanic power, false signs, and false wonders accompanying the lawless one’s counterfeit coming (2:9). Single highest-risk clause in the letter, structurally parallel to the Romans baseline’s flag on Romans 1:16, but with an INVERTED qualifier rule: this ‘hwjchim’ must always be qualified ‘ntawm Xatas’, never ‘Vajtswv’. A single dropped or swapped qualifier constitutes a doctrinal reversal and must be treated as a hard-stop validation error equivalent in severity to the Romans baseline’s koob hmoov prohibition.
Righteous Judgment Of God
Approved rendering: Vajtswv txoj kev txiav txim ncaj ncees
Transliteration: dikaia krisis tou theou
Doctrine: God’s Righteous Judgment
Rejected alternatives: pairing with the Romans-baseline reckoning qualifier ‘raug suav tias ncaj ncees’ — FORBIDDEN, that qualifier belongs exclusively to forensic justification
NEW. God’s just verdict, vindicating the persecuted and condemning persecutors (1:5-6); title concept of the God’s-Righteous-Judgment doctrine. Reuses the ‘ncaj ncees’ root the Romans baseline reserves, WITH a mandatory reckoning qualifier, for forensic justification (imputed righteousness) — here the same adjective describes retributive judicial rectitude, a wholly different theological category. Mandatory structural rule: whenever ‘ncaj ncees’ occurs in a 2 Thessalonians context, generation must explicitly state in the same sentence which of the two categories (imputed-status vs. retributive-judgment) is intended, pairing this term only with judgment/verdict (‘txiav txim’) vocabulary, never with the reckoning qualifier.
Traditions
Approved rendering: tej lus qhuab qhia uas tau txais ntawm Povlauj
Transliteration: paradosis
Doctrine: Standing Firm in the Traditions
Rejected alternatives: any rendering built on the ‘kevcai’ root — PERMANENTLY FORBIDDEN, would assimilate apostolic teaching into ancestor-custom-keeping (kevcai/kab ke handed down from pojkoob yawgkoob), dropping the ‘ntawm Povlauj’ apostolic-source anchor under space constraints (titles, quiz options) — FORBIDDEN
NEW. Apostolic teaching handed down orally and in writing, which believers are commanded to stand firm in and hold fast (2:15, 3:6). Major collision risk, structurally parallel to the Romans baseline’s ‘Txoj Kevcai’ collision. Deliberately rendered WITHOUT the kevcai root and WITH explicit anchoring to the apostolic source at every occurrence — the ‘ntawm Povlauj’ anchor (or equivalent, e.g. ‘los ntawm peb tsab ntawv’) is a structural qualifier and must never be dropped, even in space-constrained contexts, exactly like the Romans baseline’s hwjchim/Txoj Kevcai qualifier rules.
Self Deification Claim
Approved rendering: qhia tias nws yog Vajtswv
Transliteration: apodeiknynta heauton hoti estin theos
Doctrine: The Man of Lawlessness
Rejected alternatives: leaving the claim unmarked as to truth-value — FORBIDDEN, would imply an actual rival deity exists
NEW. The lawless one’s public demonstration/claim that he himself is God (2:4); the ultimate blasphemous claim. Must always be framed with an explicit falsity-marker verb (‘claims/asserts falsely’), never left to imply an actual rival deity exists — the same discipline the Romans baseline requires for ‘dab mlom’ (idol).
Deceiving Power Sent By God
Approved rendering: kev dag ntxias uas Vajtswv tso tuaj
Transliteration: energeia planēs
Doctrine: God’s Righteous Judgment
Rejected alternatives: framing as God capriciously originating evil — FORBIDDEN, would collide with the Hmong folk-religious picture of arbitrary, appeasement-driven spirit-anger
NEW. A judicially operative delusion God sends upon those who already rejected the truth, so that they believe the lie (2:11). Must be taught as righteous, retributive judgment (hardening the already-rejecting, cf. the Romans-baseline pattern documented for orgē theou), never as God originating evil arbitrarily. Mandatory: teach paired with the causal chain of 2:10 (rejection of truth precedes and grounds this judicial act).
High Risk Terms
Human Spirit Soul
Approved rendering: ntsuj plig
Transliteration: pneuma (anthropological)
Doctrine: General / Cross-cutting
Rejected alternatives: Vaj Ntsuj Plig — forbidden for this referent, reserved exclusively for the Holy Spirit
Never capitalized/prefixed with ‘Vaj’. In 2 Thessalonians this bare form is also explicitly NOT to be used for the claimed ‘spirit’-message of 2:2, which requires its own periphrasis (see spirit_claimed_utterance_non_divine) to avoid collapsing a claimed message into a human soul. Inherited from Romans package.
Sanctification
Approved rendering: kev raug ua kom dawb huv
Transliteration: hagiasmos
Doctrine: Standing Firm in the Traditions
Rejected alternatives: treating dawb huv as a repeatable ritual-cleansing state — rejected
Progressive, Spirit-wrought moral transformation, not ritual cleansing. Inherited from Romans package.
Power
Approved rendering: hwjchim
Transliteration: dynamis
Doctrine: God’s Righteous Judgment
Rejected alternatives: bare, unqualified hwjchim — FORBIDDEN
In 2 Thessalonians this term appears BOTH of God’s power (1:11, mandatory qualifier ‘Vajtswv hwjchim’) AND — in a wholly inverted qualifier context — of Satan’s counterfeit power (2:9, mandatory qualifier ‘hwjchim ntawm Xatas’, see counterfeit_power_signs_wonders). The two qualifiers must never be interchanged. Inherited from Romans package.
Salvation Save
Approved rendering: kev cawm dim / cawm
Transliteration: sōtēria / sōzō
Doctrine: The Man of Lawlessness
Rejected alternatives: unanchored ‘dim’ (escape) parallel to shamanic ua neeb soul-rescue — rejected without explicit Christ-anchoring
Always anchor explicitly to Yexus Khetos as sole agent/means (2:10, 2:13). Context-marking required: 2:10/2:13 use the eschatological/soteriological sense while 3:2’s ‘dim’ (see delivered_from_wicked_men) denotes this-worldly deliverance from hostile men — the two senses must not be doctrinally blended. Inherited from Romans package.
Wrath Of God
Approved rendering: kev npau taws ntawm Vajtswv
Transliteration: orgē theou
Doctrine: God’s Righteous Judgment
Rejected alternatives: unqualified ‘npau taws’ associated only with capricious spirit/ancestor anger — rejected without explicit contrast teaching
Conceptual background to 1:6-9’s vengeance language and 2:11’s judicial hardening; governs teaching that this letter’s judgment/vengeance vocabulary is righteous and judicial, not the capricious, appeasement-driven spirit-anger of Hmong folk religion. Inherited from Romans package.
Day Of The Lord
Approved rendering: Hnub ntawm tus Tswv
Transliteration: hēmera tou kyriou
Doctrine: The Day of the Lord
Rejected alternatives: bare ‘hnub’ (day) without the ‘ntawm tus Tswv’ qualifier — rejected, risks assimilation into Hmong almanac/txiv-neeb-consulted auspicious/inauspicious day-designation practice
NEW. Title concept of the Day-of-the-Lord doctrine (2:2). No direct lexical collision with animism was located, but real risk of being heard through Hmong divinatory day-designation practice as one more day-omen category rather than Christ’s singular, decisive, judicial appearing. Mandatory teaching note anchoring it to Christ’s visible judicial return (2:8) required at every occurrence; never presented as a recurring or calculable date.
Parousia Lawless Ones Coming
Approved rendering: tus limhiam txoj kev tuaj
Transliteration: parousia (of the lawless one)
Doctrine: The Man of Lawlessness
Rejected alternatives: identical phrase to Christ’s parousia — FORBIDDEN
NEW. The counterfeit ‘coming’ of the lawless one (2:9), deliberately mirroring the vocabulary used of Christ in Greek. Hmong strategy uses a near-synonym verb (‘tuaj’ rather than ‘los’) to preserve rhythmic parallelism while avoiding lexical identity with parousia_lords_coming — a deliberate compromise, to be taught as such, never ‘corrected’ toward greater symmetry.
The Restrainer
Approved rendering: qhov uas tswj tsis pub (nws tshwm sim) / tus uas tswj tsis pub
Transliteration: to katechon / ho katechōn
Doctrine: The Man of Lawlessness
Rejected alternatives: resolving the exegetical debate by naming a specific referent (Roman order, the gospel, the Holy Spirit, angelic restraint) — rejected, not the translator’s role
NEW. An unnamed restraining force delaying the lawless one’s revelation (2:6-7), one of the most exegetically debated terms in the NT. Risk is interpretive, not cultural. Render literally as an impersonal/personal force without resolving the theological debate. [TRANSLATOR REVIEW NEEDED: identity of the restrainer is exegetically disputed] mandatory at every occurrence. Preserve the neuter-to-masculine participle shift (v.6 to.katechon vs v.7 ho.katechōn) rather than smoothing it over.
Mystery Of Lawlessness
Approved rendering: zaj lus zais cia ntawm kev fav Vajtswv Txoj Kevcai
Transliteration: mystērion tēs anomias
Doctrine: The Man of Lawlessness
Rejected alternatives: simplifying by dropping either root — rejected, specifically erases doctrinal content
NEW. Lawlessness already secretly, presently at work, though not yet fully unveiled (2:7). Compound of the baseline’s stable ‘mystērion’ root (Low-Medium) and the Critical ‘anomia’ root; net risk rated High given the combination. Accept the resulting density; do not simplify for lower reading levels.
Satan
Approved rendering: Xatas (first-occurrence gloss: tus dab Ntxwg Nyoog)
Transliteration: Satanas
Doctrine: The Man of Lawlessness
Rejected alternatives: generic ‘dab’ as the primary rendering — rejected, over-identifies Satan with the appeasable ancestor/nature-spirit category
NEW. Proper name of the chief adversarial spirit (2:9, 3:3). Transliteration is the primary form specifically to avoid over-identification with the generic ‘dab’ category, which in Hmong traditional religion covers ancestor-spirits and nature-spirits ritually placated by offering — a means Paul’s text does not support for Satan. ‘tus dab Ntxwg Nyoog’ may be used as an explanatory gloss on first occurrence only, clearly marked as categorically distinct from ancestor/household spirits. Shares the short-form epithet ‘tus limhiam’ with man_of_lawlessness and evil_one_shared_epithet by deliberate design.
Vengeance Retribution
Approved rendering: kev pauj taub
Transliteration: ekdikēsis
Doctrine: God’s Righteous Judgment
Rejected alternatives: using this vocabulary as scriptural warrant for human vengeance-taking against persecutors — FORBIDDEN
NEW. God’s retributive justice against those who do not know God and do not obey the gospel (1:8). ‘Pauj’ is also the ordinary Hmong word for clan/personal vendetta-retribution; must be taught explicitly, every time it is used, as God’s exclusive righteous prerogative, never as sanction for human vengeance-taking.
Object Of Worship
Approved rendering: tej khoom uas raug pehawm
Transliteration: sebasma
Doctrine: The Man of Lawlessness
NEW. Any object/being that receives religious veneration, all of which the lawless one usurps (2:4). Directly invokes the Romans baseline’s flagged ‘pehawm’ term (object-anchoring mandatory); here anchor clearly to ‘every so-called object of worship, all falsely’ framing, since the object itself is under negative judgment.
Spirit Claimed Utterance Non Divine
Approved rendering: tej lus uas hais tias yog los ntawm ib tug ntsuj plig
Transliteration: pneuma (claimed prophetic utterance, 2:2)
Doctrine: The Day of the Lord
Rejected alternatives: Vaj Ntsuj Plig — FORBIDDEN, reserved exclusively for the Holy Spirit, bare anthropological ‘ntsuj plig’ — rejected, the referent is a claimed message/inspiration, not a human soul
NEW. A purportedly spirit-inspired message or prophecy of uncertain or false origin, warned against in 2:2 as a possible source of deception about the Day of the Lord. Periphrasis specifically engineered to avoid both other pneuma-collision points simultaneously; preserves ambiguity about the message’s truthfulness while never applying the reserved divine collocation to a claim Paul is warning against.
Evil One Shared Epithet
Approved rendering: tus limhiam
Transliteration: ho ponēros / ho anomos
Doctrine: The Man of Lawlessness
Rejected alternatives: ‘correcting’ this shared string into three distinct renderings for Satan / man of lawlessness / evil one — FORBIDDEN, would damage the text’s own internal logic
NEW. Title for Satan, from whom believers need protection (3:3); parallel to the ‘lawless one’ epithet of chapter 2. Deliberately identical Hmong short-form string across man_of_lawlessness, satan, and this entry, since the Greek text itself treats these as facets of one adversarial reality (unlike the two parousia terms, which must remain visibly distinct). This collapsing must be explicitly logged in every module so no future reviewer mistakes it for an oversight.
Sanctification Of The Spirit
Approved rendering: kev raug ua kom dawb huv los ntawm Vaj Ntsuj Plig
Transliteration: hagiasmos pneumatos
Doctrine: Standing Firm in the Traditions
NEW compound of two Romans-baseline entries (sanctification + Holy Spirit). The Spirit’s sanctifying work as one of the twin grounds (with belief of the truth) of the Thessalonians’ election (2:13); both component qualifier disciplines (dawb huv as progressive not ritual, Vaj-prefix mandatory) apply simultaneously.
Delivered From Wicked Men
Approved rendering: dim ntawm cov neeg limhiam thiab phem
Transliteration: rhyomai
Doctrine: Perseverance under Persecution
Rejected alternatives: blending this this-worldly sense with the eschatological ‘kev cawm dim’ of 2:10/2:13 — FORBIDDEN, the two senses of ‘dim’ must not be conflated
NEW. Prayer request for deliverance from unreasonable and wicked men opposing the gospel mission (3:2). Reuses the Romans-baseline Critical ‘kev cawm dim’ root (‘dim’) but anchored contextually to this-worldly deliverance from human opposition, not eschatological salvation.
Medium Risk Terms
Faith Believe
Approved rendering: kev ntseeg / ntseeg
Transliteration: pistis / pisteuō
Doctrine: The Man of Lawlessness
Must always be anchored explicitly to its object (Christ/the truth); especially critical at 2:10-12’s contrast between belief and pleasure in unrighteousness. Inherited from Romans package.
Deception Deceit
Approved rendering: kev dag ntxias
Transliteration: apatē, planē
Doctrine: The Man of Lawlessness
NEW. Two Greek near-synonyms (2:10 apatē, 2:11 planē) mapped to one stable Hmong phrase describing the lawless one’s activity and its effect on those who reject the truth. Must be kept distinct in teaching from the judicial deceiving-power sense (see deceiving_power_sent_by_god).
Condemned Judged
Approved rendering: raug txiav txim
Transliteration: krithōsin (krinō)
Doctrine: God’s Righteous Judgment
NEW. The judicial verdict of condemnation falling on those who did not believe the truth (2:12). Distinct from, and the mirror image of, the Romans baseline’s ‘katakrima’/‘no condemnation’ promise (Romans 8) — teach alongside, never conflate into a single ‘condemnation’ concept without noting the mirror-image relationship.
Eternal Destruction
Approved rendering: kev puas tsuaj mus ib txhis
Transliteration: olethros aiōnios
Doctrine: God’s Righteous Judgment
NEW. Everlasting ruin away from the Lord’s presence and glorious power, the fate of those who do not obey the gospel (1:9). Antonym-pairing with baseline ‘eternal_life’; comprehension-level risk only.
Recompense Repay
Approved rendering: pauj
Transliteration: antapodidōmi
Doctrine: God’s Righteous Judgment
NEW. God’s future repayment of affliction to afflicters and rest to the afflicted (1:6-7). Bare verb; low collision on its own but feeds directly into the higher-risk vengeance_retribution entry.
Revelation Unveiling
Approved rendering: raug qhia tshwm
Transliteration: apokalyptō, apokalypsis
Doctrine: The Man of Lawlessness
Rejected alternatives: leaving the two ‘unveilings’ (Christ’s, the lawless one’s) unmarked as to grammatical subject — rejected, risks implying moral equivalence
NEW. Same verb-family used of Christ’s own glorious revelation (1:7) and of the lawless one’s unveiling (2:3, 6, 8); must always be paired with an explicit subject-marking clause so the grammatical subject, not the verb alone, carries the moral distinction between the two very different ‘unveilings’.
Adversary Opponent
Approved rendering: tus uas tawm tsam Vajtswv
Transliteration: ho antikeimenos
Doctrine: The Man of Lawlessness
NEW. The one positioned/standing against God, describing the lawless one (2:4).
Temple Of God
Approved rendering: lub Tuam Tsev ntawm Vajtswv
Transliteration: naos tou theou
Doctrine: The Man of Lawlessness
NEW. The temple in which the lawless one enthrones himself, claiming divine status (2:4). Comprehension gap only — no fixed, centralized-temple-building analogue exists in Hmong tradition (household altars/spirit-shrines are distributed, not centralized); mandatory explanatory note offering both literal (future/rebuilt temple) and figurative (the church) readings.
Church Discipline Mark Admonish
Approved rendering: cim nws … tsis txuas lus/koom nrog nws … ntuas nws ib yam li ib tug kwvtij
Transliteration: sēmeiousthe … noutheteite hōs adelphon
Doctrine: Standing Firm in the Traditions
Rejected alternatives: treating this as permanent excommunication or clan-style shunning — FORBIDDEN
NEW. Restorative discipline procedure for the disorderly/idle: note them, withdraw ordinary association, but admonish as a brother, not an enemy (3:14-15). Must be explicitly taught as restorative, time-bound, brotherhood-preserving discipline, given the seriousness with which Hmong clan society treats formal exclusion. Reuses the stable ‘kwvtij’ term.
Belief Of The Truth
Approved rendering: kev ntseeg qhov tseeb
Transliteration: pistei alētheias
Doctrine: The Man of Lawlessness
NEW. Saving faith characterized as a love for and belief in truth, contrasted with pleasure in unrighteousness (2:10-13); compound of two baseline-consistent roots (faith + truth).
Appearing Of His Coming
Approved rendering: thaum tus Tswv tshwm plaws los, tsim txiaj kawg nkaus
Transliteration: epiphaneia tēs parousias
Doctrine: The Day of the Lord
Rejected alternatives: collapsing the doubled Greek emphasis (epiphaneia + parousia) into a single adjective — rejected, under-translates the intensifier
NEW. A doubled-up glory term describing Christ’s return in maximal splendor, by which He destroys the lawless one (2:8); contrasted deliberately with the lawless one’s own parousia (2:9) in the very next verse. Retain the doubled descriptive clause; do not shorten for space in titles/headers.
Low Risk Terms
God
Approved rendering: Vajtswv
Transliteration: theos
Doctrine: General / Cross-cutting
Rejected alternatives: Ntuj (impersonal sky/heaven) — rejected, lacks personal deity sense, dab (spirit) — rejected, denotes false/lesser spirit
Established compound (king+lord). In 2 Thessalonians also anchors the Man-of-Lawlessness doctrine’s blasphemous self-deification claim (2:4); the claim itself must always be marked false/usurping. Inherited from Romans package.
Lord
Approved rendering: tus Tswv
Transliteration: kyrios
Doctrine: General / Cross-cutting
Stable existing usage; applied to God and Christ; anchors both ‘Hnub ntawm tus Tswv’ (Day of the Lord) and ‘tus Tswv txoj kev los’ (the Lord’s parousia). Inherited from Romans package.
Jesus Christ
Approved rendering: Yexus Khetos
Transliteration: Iēsous Christos
Doctrine: General / Cross-cutting
Standard transliteration baseline. Inherited from Romans package.
Father God
Approved rendering: Leej Txiv
Transliteration: patēr
Doctrine: General / Cross-cutting
Honorific already settled. Inherited from Romans package.
Peace
Approved rendering: kev thaj yeeb
Transliteration: eirēnē
Doctrine: General / Cross-cutting
Benediction term; also ‘Lord of peace’ (3:16). Inherited from Romans package.
Gospel
Approved rendering: Txoj Moo Zoo
Transliteration: euangelion
Doctrine: General / Cross-cutting
Inherited from Romans package.
Glory
Approved rendering: lub yeeb koob
Transliteration: doxa
Doctrine: The Day of the Lord
Splendor/honor-weight of God and of Christ’s return; also ‘the glory of his power’ (1:9, requires Vajtswv hwjchim qualifier on the power half). Inherited from Romans package.
Truth
Approved rendering: qhov tseeb
Transliteration: alētheia
Doctrine: The Man of Lawlessness
Contrast term to ‘tej lus cuav’ (the lie, 2:10-12). Inherited from Romans package.
Unrighteousness
Approved rendering: kev tsis ncaj ncees
Transliteration: adikia
Doctrine: The Man of Lawlessness
Taken pleasure in by those who reject the truth (2:10, 2:12). Inherited from Romans package.
Endurance
Approved rendering: kev ua siab ntev
Transliteration: hypomonē
Doctrine: Perseverance under Persecution
Patient perseverance under affliction and persecution (1:4), also of Christ (3:5). Inherited from Romans package.
Boasting
Approved rendering: kev khav theeb
Transliteration: kauchēsis / kauchasthai
Doctrine: Perseverance under Persecution
Same lexeme used pejoratively in Romans and commendatorily here (Paul’s legitimate apostolic boasting about the Thessalonians’ endurance, 1:4); brief teaching distinction recommended. Inherited from Romans package.
Kingdom Of God
Approved rendering: lub Nceeg Vaj ntawm Vajtswv
Transliteration: basileia tou theou
Doctrine: God’s Righteous Judgment
The Thessalonians are being made worthy of it through suffering (1:5). Inherited from Romans package.
Love
Approved rendering: kev hlub
Transliteration: agapē
Doctrine: General / Cross-cutting
Mutual love among believers (1:3) and ‘love of the truth’ (2:10). Inherited from Romans package.
Eternal Life
Approved rendering: txoj sia nyob mus ib txhis
Transliteration: zōē aiōnios
Doctrine: God’s Righteous Judgment
Referenced in 2 Thessalonians only as the implicit antonym-pairing background to ‘eternal destruction’ (1:9); teach the contrast alongside eternal_destruction. Inherited from Romans package.
Brother Fellow Believer
Approved rendering: kwvtij
Transliteration: adelphos
Doctrine: General / Cross-cutting
NEW. Paul’s affectionate, familial address to the whole congregation (1:3; 2:1, 13, 15; 3:1, 6, 13, 15). Stable, warm existing Hmong kin-term; no traditional-religion collision identified. Recommended for permanent TM adoption across all future curricula.
Affliction Tribulation
Approved rendering: kev raug txom nyem
Transliteration: thlipsis
Doctrine: Perseverance under Persecution
NEW. Pressures/hardships endured by the persecuted church (1:4, 6-7).
Presence Of The Lord
Approved rendering: ntawm tus Tswv lub xubntiag
Transliteration: prosōpon tou kyriou
Doctrine: God’s Righteous Judgment
NEW. The Lord’s face, from which the disobedient are eternally excluded (1:9).
Stand Firm
Approved rendering: sawv ruaj
Transliteration: stēkete
Doctrine: Standing Firm in the Traditions
NEW. Command to remain steadfast in the traditions received (2:15).
Hold Fast
Approved rendering: khaws / tuav ruaj
Transliteration: krateite
Doctrine: Standing Firm in the Traditions
NEW. Command to grasp/retain the traditions received (2:15).
Comfort Encourage
Approved rendering: nplig siab
Transliteration: parakaleō
Doctrine: General / Cross-cutting
NEW. God’s/the church’s encouragement amid trial (2:16-17, 3:12).
Strengthen Establish
Approved rendering: txhawb kom ruaj khov
Transliteration: stērizō
Doctrine: Standing Firm in the Traditions
NEW. To be made firm, of hearts and conduct (2:17, 3:3).
Faithful Of The Lord
Approved rendering: tus ntseeg tau
Transliteration: pistos
Doctrine: Perseverance under Persecution
NEW. God’s covenant reliability, grounding confidence amid opposition (3:3).
Busybody Meddler
Approved rendering: khiav dej num luag
Transliteration: periergazomai
Doctrine: Standing Firm in the Traditions
NEW. Idle believers turned meddlers in others’ affairs (3:11).
Work Labor
Approved rendering: ua haujlwm
Transliteration: ergazomai, kopos
Doctrine: Standing Firm in the Traditions
NEW. Working with quietness to earn one’s own bread, the positive counter-instruction to idleness (3:12); resonates positively with existing Hmong communal work-ethic values.
Sign Token Authentication
Approved rendering: tim khawv / kos npe
Transliteration: sēmeion
Doctrine: General / Cross-cutting
NEW. Paul’s handwritten signature as proof of an authentic letter, guarding against forged letters like the one warned of in 2:2 (3:17). Reuses the baseline ‘witness’ root.
Flaming Fire
Approved rendering: nplaim taws kub
Transliteration: en pyri phlogos
Doctrine: God’s Righteous Judgment
NEW. Imagery of Christ’s return in judgment (1:7-8).
Obey Not The Gospel
Approved rendering: tsis mloog Txoj Moo Zoo
Transliteration: hypakouousin tō euangeliō (negated)
Doctrine: God’s Righteous Judgment
NEW. Failure to obey the gospel of the Lord Jesus, grounds for eternal destruction (1:8-9); reuses baseline ‘gospel’ term and the ‘obedience of faith’ root.
Paul Proper Name
Approved rendering: Povlauj
Transliteration: Paulos
Doctrine: General / Cross-cutting
NEW (proper name, ad hoc per established register conventions). Already implicitly established in baseline register notes as a fixed transliteration; logged here for permanent adoption in the 2 Thessalonians package.
Silvanus Proper Name
Approved rendering: Xilavanus
Transliteration: Silouanos
Doctrine: General / Cross-cutting
NEW (proper name, ad hoc). [TRANSLATOR REVIEW NEEDED: confirm against any pre-existing Hmong Bible tradition rendering for Acts/1 Thessalonians before permanent TM adoption.]
Timothy Proper Name
Approved rendering: Timaute
Transliteration: Timotheos
Doctrine: General / Cross-cutting
NEW (proper name, ad hoc). [TRANSLATOR REVIEW NEEDED: confirm against any pre-existing Hmong Bible tradition rendering, since Timothy appears frequently across the NT corpus and a fixed form likely already exists.]
Thessalonians Proper Name
Approved rendering: cov ntseeg hauv lub nroog Thexalaunikes
Transliteration: Thessalonikeis
Doctrine: General / Cross-cutting
NEW (proper name, ad hoc). City name transliterated (‘Thexalaunikes’); ‘believers in the city of’ added descriptively rather than coining a Hmong demonym, consistent with the Romans baseline’s handling of ‘Rome’ (Loos).
Low-Medium Risk Terms
Church Assembly
Approved rendering: pawg ntseeg
Transliteration: ekklesia
Doctrine: General / Cross-cutting
NEW. The called-out congregation addressed by the letter (1:1, 1:4). Builds on the ‘pawg’ root already used in the Romans baseline for deacon/office and factions vocabulary.
Gathering Together
Approved rendering: kev sib sau ua ke rau ntawm tus Tswv
Transliteration: episynagōgē
Doctrine: The Day of the Lord
NEW. Believers’ being gathered to Christ at His return (2:1). Descriptive phrase; comprehension-level risk only, no collision.
The Lie
Approved rendering: tej lus cuav
Transliteration: to pseudos
Doctrine: The Man of Lawlessness
NEW. The specific falsehood — likely the lawless one’s self-deification claim — believed by those who refused the truth (2:11). Contrast term to ‘qhov tseeb’ (truth).
Persecutions
Approved rendering: kev tsim txom
Transliteration: diōgmos
Doctrine: Perseverance under Persecution
NEW. Hostile pursuit/harassment endured by believers (1:4).
Worthy Of Calling
Approved rendering: tsim nyog rau Vajtswv txoj kev hu / Vajtswv txoj kev hu
Transliteration: axioō tēs klēseōs / klēsis
Doctrine: God’s Righteous Judgment
Rejected alternatives: bare ‘hu’ (call) with no fixed phrase — flagged as an open item, see governing note
NEW. Prayer for the church’s fitness for God’s summons (1:11); comprehension gap only, must be distinguished from an ordinary clan-summons. [TRANSLATOR REVIEW NEEDED: possible collision — ‘kev hu’ (calling/summons) risks evoking hu plig ritual soul-calling even in this vocational-summons sense, not only the invocation sense already flagged in the Romans baseline for Romans 10:9-13]. Working strategy pending review: keep the full phrase ‘Vajtswv txoj kev hu’ intact, never bare ‘hu’, teach as a one-time divine summons, not a repeatable ritual technique.
Saints Holy Ones
Approved rendering: cov ntseeg dawb huv
Transliteration: hagioi
Doctrine: The Day of the Lord
NEW. Believers in whom Christ will be glorified at His coming (1:10); reuses the baseline sanctification root ‘dawb huv’, inheriting its comprehension-level risk of also denoting ritual purity in folk practice.
Idle Disorderly Conduct
Approved rendering: nyob dawh dawb tsis ua haujlwm
Transliteration: ataktōs (peripateō)
Doctrine: Standing Firm in the Traditions
NEW. A military metaphor (‘out of formation’) for believers refusing to work and living off others (3:6, 11); ties concretely to the tradition-instruction of 3:6.
Counted Worthy Of Kingdom
Approved rendering: tsim nyog rau lub Nceeg Vaj ntawm Vajtswv
Transliteration: kataxiōthēnai tēs basileias tou theou
Doctrine: God’s Righteous Judgment
NEW. The Thessalonians’ suffering as evidence that God is making them fit for His kingdom (1:5); reuses baseline ‘Kingdom of God’ term plus new ‘worthy’ vocabulary.
Medium-High Risk Terms
Parousia Lords Coming
Approved rendering: tus Tswv txoj kev los
Transliteration: parousia (of the Lord)
Doctrine: The Day of the Lord
Rejected alternatives: reusing the identical Hmong string as the lawless one’s counterfeit parousia — FORBIDDEN, would erase Paul’s deliberate true/counterfeit contrast
NEW. The climactic, visible, royal return of the Lord Jesus (2:1, 2:8). Must remain a permanently distinct Hmong string from ‘tus limhiam txoj kev tuaj’ (parousia_lawless_ones_coming) despite sharing one Greek word (parousia) in the source text — the shared vocabulary is a deliberate Pauline verbal parody that must not become an accidental Hmong lexical identity.