Core Glossary
Genesis — Core Glossary (Hmong Language Package)
Status: Full-book term glossary extending the Romans Baseline v1.0 Translation Memory (assets/translation_memory.json) to the book of Genesis. Section A reuses fixed Romans-TM renderings exactly, unchanged, per the hard governing rule of this project. Section B introduces new Genesis-specific terms surfaced during the full-book chapter-by-chapter coverage review in analysis/07_semantic_analysis.md; these are provisional and require formal TM-revision review before permanent adoption, per §2.4 and §9 of 12_ai_translation_requirements.md. All risk-tier definitions, review-routing rules, script (RPA), and register conventions are inherited unchanged from assets/bible_term_registry.json and assets/doctrine_risk_registry.json.
Special standing prohibition for this book: The Hmong indigenous mythological name “Yawm Saub” / “Saub” (a legendary supreme sky-being/creator-ancestor associated in Hmong oral tradition with a flood-and-survivor narrative) is PERMANENTLY FORBIDDEN as a rendering for Elohim, YHWH, or any divine referent anywhere in this curriculum, because Genesis’s own Creation (ch.1-2) and Flood (ch.6-9) narratives are exactly the passages most susceptible to syncretistic fusion with it. Vajtswv (already fixed, Low risk, in the Romans baseline) is the sole permitted rendering.
Section A — Reused Romans-TM Terms Appearing in Genesis
| Term (English) | Hmong Rendering (fixed, reused exactly) | Risk (inherited) | Doctrine tie in Genesis | Genesis chapters |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| God | Vajtswv | Low | Creation Ex Nihilo; all | all |
| LORD / Lord | tus Tswv | Low | Providence; Covenant | 2, 4, 6-9, 12-50 |
| Holy Spirit | Vaj Ntsuj Plig | Critical | Creation Ex Nihilo (1:2) | 1 |
| human spirit/soul (anthropological) | ntsuj plig | High | Image of God (contrast term) | 1-2 (by contrast, not direct use) |
| Grace | txiaj ntsim | Critical | Grace/Common Grace; Noah’s favor | 6, 19, 32, 33, 39, 47 |
| Blessing (ordinary) | koob hmoov | (reserved sense only) | Common Grace; material blessing | 1, 12, 24, 27, 30, 39 |
| Faith / Believe | kev ntseeg / ntseeg | Medium | Abrahamic Covenant (15:6) | 15, 22 |
| Promise | lus cog tseg | Low | Abrahamic Covenant | 12, 15, 17, 18, 21, 22, 26 |
| Reckon/Impute; Justify | suav / suav tias; raug suav tias ncaj ncees | Critical | Abrahamic Covenant; Justification (source text for Rom 4) | 15:6 |
| Righteousness/Righteous | Vajtswv txoj kev ncaj ncees / tus ncaj ncees | Critical | Noah’s righteousness; Providence | 6, 7, 38 |
| Sin (act & condition) | txhaum / kev txhaum | High | The Fall; Sin’s Consequences | 3, 4, 6, 9, 13, 18-19, 20, 26, 34, 38-39, 42, 44-45, 50 |
| Wrath of God | kev npau taws ntawm Vajtswv | High | The Fall; Flood judgment; Sodom | 3, 6-9, 18-19 |
| Idol | dab mlom | High | Sin’s Consequences (syncretism within covenant family) | 31, 35 |
| Death | txoj kev tuag | Low | The Fall; universal mortality | 2, 3, 5, 25, 35, 49-50 |
| Sanctification (dawb huv root) | kev raug ua kom dawb huv | High | Creation ordinance (Sabbath, day-sense — distinguished from moral sense) | 2 |
| Heir | tus qub txeeg qub teg | Low | Abrahamic Covenant; Birthright | 15, 21, 25, 27, 48-49 |
| Glory | lub yeeb koob | Low | General | scattered |
| Remnant | cov seem | Low | Providence (Sodom precursor; Joseph “preserve a remnant” 45:7) | 19, 45 |
| Reconciliation | kev sib haum xeeb | Medium | Jacob/Esau (horizontal-use exception noted) | 33, 45, 50 |
| Nations/Gentiles; Jew | lwm Haiv Neeg; cov Yudas | Low | Table of Nations; Abrahamic Covenant scope | 10, 12, 17 |
| Election/Choose | kev xaiv (Vajtswv xaiv raws li nws lub siab nyiam) | Critical | Jacob/Esau — direct OT anchor for Romans 9 | 25, 27 |
| Flesh (neutral) | lub cev nqaij tawv | Critical | ”One flesh” marriage union | 2 |
| Peace | kev thaj yeeb | Low | Patriarchal narratives | 26, 37 |
| Ashamed | txaj muag | Low | The Fall | 2-3 |
| Mercy | txoj kev khuv leej | Medium | Providence; intercession | 18-19, 43 |
| Hope | kev cia siab | Low | Covenant Faithfulness; Joseph’s bones | 15, 49-50 |
| Living sacrifice / sacrificial offering domain (fij root) | khoom fij (family of terms) | High | Cain/Abel; Isaac’s binding; typological anchor to Critical propitiation entry | 4, 8, 22 |
| Propitiation/Atoning Sacrifice (typological anchor only) | qhov theej txhoj kev txhaum | Critical | Isaac’s binding — typological, not direct occurrence | 22 |
| Circumcision (qualifier requires Genesis-specific revision) | kev txiav (raws li Txoj Kevcai Mauxes) → flagged for revision, see Section B, term 29 | Medium→High in Genesis context | Abrahamic Covenant sign | 17 |
Section B — New Genesis-Specific Terms (Provisional TM-Revision Candidates)
| # | Term (English) | Hebrew / Translit. | Hmong Rendering (provisional) | Risk | Doctrine | Chapters | Alternatives rejected | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| G1 | Create (ex nihilo sense) | בָּרָא / bara | tsim | Critical | Creation Ex Nihilo | 1:1,21,27; 2:3-4; 5:1-2; 6:7 | undifferentiated use of asah for both verbs — rejected, erases the ex nihilo/shaping distinction | Must be kept distinct from G2 (asah); doctrine rests on the totality of 1:1 plus the absence of prior material, not on the verb bara alone. |
| G2 | Make/form (from existing material) | עָשָׂה / asah | ua / tsim los ntawm (tej yam uas twb muaj lawm) | High | Creation Ex Nihilo (contrast term) | 1:7,16,25,31; 2:2-3,18-22 | collapsing into G1 with no distinguishing phrase — rejected | Companion/contrast term to G1; must not be silently merged with it. |
| G3 | Formless and void | תֹהוּ וָבֹהוּ / tohu wa-bohu | tsis muaj tsim txheej tsis muaj qauv | Low-Medium | Creation Ex Nihilo | 1:2 | rendering as a personified chaos-monster/rival power — rejected, contradicts the text’s deliberate anti-mythological polemic | Comprehension gap; note the deliberate de-personification, relevant given regional chaos-deity myths. |
| G4 | Spirit of God (hovering, at creation) | רוּח אֱלֹהִים מְרַחֶפֶת / ruach Elohim merachefet | Vaj Ntsuj Plig ntawm Vajtswv nyob saum dej | Critical | Creation Ex Nihilo; Trinitarian implications | 1:2 | bare ntsuj plig or generic “wind” with no divine marker — rejected, loses divine referent | First scriptural occurrence of the divine Spirit; “Vaj” prefix mandatory, no exceptions, per baseline enforcement rule. |
| G5 | Firmament/expanse | רָקִיע / raqia | lub ntuj / qhov chaw nruab nrab ntawm dej saum thiab dej hauv | Low-Medium | Creation Ex Nihilo (cosmology) | 1:6-8 | none required | Ancient solid-dome cosmology vs. modern atmosphere — comprehension gap only. |
| G6 | Image (of God) | צֶלֶם / tselem | (raug tsim raws li Vajtswv) tus duab | Critical | Image of God | 1:26-27; 5:1; 9:6 | bare duab with no qualifying clause — rejected, risks folk shadow-soul reading | Collides with Hmong folk duab (shadow-soul) concept; mandatory teaching note every occurrence: representative dignity/likeness, not an emanated soul-fragment. |
| G7 | Likeness | דְּמוּת / demuth | zoo li (Vajtswv) | Medium | Image of God | 1:26 | none required | Pairs fixed with G6; never separated. |
| G8 | Rule/subdue (dominion mandate) | רָדָה / כָּבַשׁ / radah / kabash | kav thiab tswj | High | Image of God (dominion) | 1:26,28; 9:1-7 | bare hwjchim-family vocabulary for dominion — rejected, collides with shamanic ritual-power domain already flagged Critical/High in Romans baseline | Delegated stewardship under God, never personal mystical power over spirits nor unrestrained exploitation of creation. |
| G9 | Living creature / living being (animal) | נֶפֶשׁ חַיָּה / nephesh chayyah | tus nyob muaj sia | High | Creation Ex Nihilo; Image of God (contrast) | 1:20,24,30; 2:7,19; 9:10-16 | ntsuj plig or Vaj Ntsuj Plig — both FORBIDDEN for this referent | Must remain lexically distinct from both reserved Romans-TM soul/Spirit terms. |
| G10 | Breath of life | נִשְׁמַת חַיִּים / nishmat chayyim | cua pa ua rau muaj txoj sia | Critical | Creation Ex Nihilo; Image of God | 2:7 | Vaj Ntsuj Plig or ntsuj plig — both FORBIDDEN, would imply either Trinitarian indwelling or animistic soul-insertion not intended by the text | God’s animating breath-act on the first human, distinct from later Spirit-indwelling theology. |
| G11 | Sabbath rest (creation ordinance) | שַׁבָּת (root שָׁבַת) / shabbat / vayishbot | so | High | Creation Ex Nihilo (creation ordinance) | 2:2-3 | treating as repeatable folk ritual-rest observance — rejected | Rhythm-of-work-and-rest built into creation, prior to and independent of the Mosaic Sabbath law. |
| G12 | Serpent | נָחָשׁ / nachash | nab | High | The Fall | 3:1-15 | softening to a merely symbolic/non-literal image — rejected, text presents a real created animal used by a real tempter | Regional folk snake-spirit associations require a disambiguating teaching note. |
| G13 | Curse (divine judicial) | אָרַר / קָלַל / arar / qalal | foom tsis zoo | Critical | The Fall; Sin’s Consequences | 3:14,17; 4:11; 9:25 | leaving as bare foom indistinguishable from shamanic ritual cursing/curse-removal — rejected | Direct collision with Hmong foom curse-and-removal ritual practice; God’s curse is righteous judgment, not a reversible magic formula. |
| G14 | Seed/offspring (Messianic/covenantal sense) | זֶרַע / zera | noob | High | The Fall (Protoevangelium); Abrahamic Covenant | 3:15; 12:7; 13:15-16; 15:5; 17:7-8; 22:17-18; 49:8-12 | flattening to generic “descendants/lineage” with no Messianic weight — rejected | Deliberately reuses the botanical word (1:11) to preserve Scripture’s own wordplay; must never be flattened at 3:15, 12:7, or 22:17-18. |
| G15 | Covenant (formal, sign-bearing pact) | בְּרִית / brit | Vajtswv txoj kev cog lus | Critical | Abrahamic Covenant; Covenant Faithfulness across Generations | 6:18; 9:9-17; 15:18; 17:2-21; 26 | collapsing into the baseline’s bare lus cog tseg (promise) with no formal/sign distinction — rejected, loses covenant’s ratified, sign-bearing character | Kept lexically distinct from the Romans-baseline “promise” entry; single most important new Genesis lexical item. |
| G16 | Sign (of a covenant) | אוֹת / oth | lub cim ntawm txoj kev cog lus | Medium | Abrahamic Covenant; Covenant Faithfulness | 9:12-17; 17:11 | none required | Rainbow’s exact Hmong lexical item flagged [TRANSLATOR REVIEW NEEDED], not guessed. |
| G17 | Circumcision (Abrahamic-covenant sign, pre-Mosaic) | בְּרִית מִילָה / brit milah | kev txiav (raws li kev cog lus ntawm Vajtswv thiab Anplahas) | High | Abrahamic Covenant | 17:9-14,23-27 | reusing the Romans-baseline qualifier “(raws li Txoj Kevcai Mauxes)” unmodified — rejected, chronologically anachronistic (predates Moses) | Formal TM-revision review requested: Genesis contexts require this revised qualifier; Romans/NT contexts retain the original Mosaic qualifier. |
| G18 | Favor/grace (narrative anchor, “Noah found grace”) | חֵן / חָנַן / chen / chanan | txiaj ntsim | Critical | Grace and Salvation by Faith Alone (OT anchor) | 6:8 | koob hmoov — PERMANENTLY FORBIDDEN, per baseline | Direct reuse of the baseline’s Critical grace entry; no new rendering introduced. |
| G19 | Violence (pre-flood corruption) | חָמָס / chamas | kev nyiam ua nruj ua tsiv | Low-Medium | Sin’s Consequences and Common Grace | 6:11-13 | none required | Comprehension-level term describing the moral state provoking judgment. |
| G20 | ”Walked with God” (covenant fellowship idiom) | הִתְהַלֵּךְ עִם הָאֱלֹהִים / hithalekh et ha-Elohim | taug kev nrog Vajtswv | Medium | Covenant Faithfulness across Generations | 5:22,24; 6:9; 17:1; 24:40 | leaving the idiom unanchored to Vajtswv — rejected, risks ancestor-communion misreading | Must always retain explicit “nrog Vajtswv” anchor. |
| G21 | Genealogical record/generations | תּוֹלְדֹת / toledot | keeb kwm / cov xeeb ntxwv | Medium | Covenant Faithfulness across Generations | 5:1; 10:1; 11:10; 25:12; 36:1; 37:2 | none required | Structuring device; God’s purposes advance through real named lineages, not impersonal fate. |
| G22 | Birthright / firstborn portion | בְּכֹרָה / bekhorah | feem thawj tug | Medium-High | Covenant Faithfulness; Election | 25:31-34; 27; 43:33 | reducing to a bare property-inheritance dispute with no spiritual/covenantal weight — rejected | Cultural bridge via Hmong firstborn-inheritance custom; must preserve the spiritual-covenantal stakes of the narrative (Esau’s contempt, Hebrews 12:16). |
| G23 | Blessing (spoken, performative, covenantal) | בְּרָכָה / berakhah | koob hmoov (blessing pronouncement) — flagged for careful contextual anchoring | Medium-High | Abrahamic/Isaac/Jacob Covenant Faithfulness | 12:1-3; 27; 48-49 | leaving unanchored to God’s covenant purpose — rejected, risks reading as a manipulable independent ritual formula parallel to foom koob hmoov | Genuine cultural bridge (performative, binding spoken blessing) but must be taught as operating within, not independent of, God’s sovereign covenant will. |
| G24 | Fear of God (reverent awe) | יִרְאַת אֱלֹהִים / yir’at Elohim | kev hwm thiab ntshai Vajtswv | Medium | Abrahamic Covenant; Providence | 20:11; 22:12 | rendering as terror of a capricious, appeasement-requiring power — rejected | Reverent awe, not fear of caprice; distinguish from ancestor/spirit-fear requiring ritual appeasement. |
| G25 | Test/try (divine testing of faith) | נָסָה / nasah | sim | Medium | Abrahamic Covenant; typological anchor to Atonement | 22:1 | implying divine cruelty or endorsing literal child sacrifice as a model practice — rejected | Must be taught alongside God’s provision of a substitute; never as endorsing the practice itself. |
| G26 | Burnt offering (whole/total offering) | עֹלָה / olah | khoom fij hlawv | Critical | Abrahamic Covenant; typological anchor to Propitiation | 22:2-13 | leaving indistinguishable from general qorban/minchah — rejected, loses the “wholly offered” nuance central to the typology | Direct typological forerunner of the baseline’s Critical propitiation entry; substitutionary ram must be taught as prefiguring, not duplicating, Christ’s atonement. |
| G27 | Israel (individual patriarch’s name, etymology) | יִשְׂרָאֵל / Yisrael | Yixalayees (individual sense, with explanatory gloss) | Medium | Covenant Faithfulness across Generations | 32:28; 35:10 | using the national-collective sense (baseline “cov Yixalayees”) without the individual-patriarch gloss — rejected, risks confusing personal renaming with the later national identity | Reuses baseline national term but requires a first-occurrence explanatory footnote distinguishing the individual-naming event. |
| G28 | Dream (as vehicle of revelation) | חָלוֹם / chalom | npau suav | Low | Providence and Sovereignty of God; Joseph narrative | 37:5-11; 40-41 | none required | Central narrative device for the Joseph/Providence doctrine. |
| G29 | ”The LORD was with him” (providential-presence formula) | (narrative formula, cf. 39:2,21,23) | tus Tswv nrog nraim Joseej (or the relevant subject) | Critical | Providence and Sovereignty of God; Joseph and God’s Providence in Suffering | 39; 21:22 (Abimelech re: Abraham); 26:3,28 (Isaac) | treating as a magical guarantee against all hardship — rejected, since Joseph’s providential accompaniment operates through, not around, real suffering | Interpretive key for the whole Joseph cycle: God’s presence works through injustice, not merely despite it. |
| G30 | Forgiveness | (idiom: “to carry/lift away guilt,” cf. נָשָׂא עָוֹן, 50:17) | kev zam txim | Medium-High | Joseph and God’s Providence in Suffering; Sin’s Consequences and Common Grace | 45:1-15; 50:15-21 | requiring visible restitution/ritual compensation as a precondition, per ordinary Hmong reconciliation custom — rejected as the operative model here | No prior baseline entry; unilateral, gracious forgiveness parallels the unmerited-grace logic of the Critical Grace doctrine, not merit-based clan reconciliation. |
| G31 | ”God meant it for good” (providence-and-sovereignty formula) | (50:20, cf. Hebrew ra’ah “evil/intend harm” vs. tovah “good”) | Vajtswv siab zoo, thiaj ua kom tshwm los ua qhov zoo | Critical | Providence and Sovereignty of God; Joseph and God’s Providence in Suffering | 50:20 | flattening into fatalistic “everything happens for a reason” (hmoov-adjacent) — PERMANENTLY FORBIDDEN, same collision class as the baseline’s Election entry | Capstone text of the book; must affirm both the brothers’ genuine moral guilt AND God’s sovereign good purpose simultaneously, never resolving the tension by eliminating either side — same structural rule as the Romans baseline’s Election doctrine (9:19-23). |
| G32 | ”God will visit/attend to you” (covenant-hope formula) | פָּקַד / paqad | Vajtswv yuav tuaj saib nej thiab coj nej mus | Medium | Covenant Faithfulness across Generations | 50:24-25 | none required | Closes the book on unfulfilled covenant hope, ties forward to Exodus; reinforces kev cia siab (hope, baseline-reused). |
| G33 | Common grace (God’s temporal kindness extended to all humanity, believer and unbeliever alike) | (theological-doctrinal category term; no single Hebrew lexeme) | txiaj ntsim dav dav rau ib tsoom neeg | Critical | Sin’s Consequences and Common Grace | 3:21 (garments); 4:17-22 (Cain’s line culture-building); 6-9 (Noahic covenant with all creation); 9:1-7 | conflating with the baseline’s Critical saving-grace entry (txiaj ntsim, unqualified) — rejected, would erase the essential distinction between temporal/universal kindness and salvific/particular grace | New abstract doctrinal category; must always carry the explicit “dav dav rau ib tsoom neeg” (broadly extended to all people) qualifier to remain distinct from the baseline’s unqualified saving-grace entry, on the same enforcement model as the baseline’s grace-vs-mercy distinction (Romans TM “mercy” entry). |
| G34 | Sacrificial offering (general term, pre-Mosaic) | קׇרְבָּן / מִנְחָה / qorban / minchah | khoom fij | Critical | The Fall / Sin’s Consequences (Cain and Abel); typological anchor | 4:3-5; 8:20 | teaching ritual-correctness itself as the ground of divine favor — rejected, reintroduces works-righteousness at the doctrine’s most vulnerable point | Reuses the Romans-baseline fij root (already Critical/High for its shamanic-appeasement collision); Cain/Abel narrative must be taught as a heart/faith issue (cf. Hebrews 11:4), not a ritual-form issue. |
Section C — Escalation Summary for This Language Package
Consistent with assets/doctrine_risk_registry.json’s routing rule, every Genesis doctrine assigned in this curriculum carries a Critical or High risk tier and therefore requires human theologian review before publication:
| Doctrine | Risk | Primary collision(s) |
|---|---|---|
| Creation Ex Nihilo | Critical | bara/asah distinction (G1-G2); Yawm Saub creation-myth syncretism (§0/Section A header) |
| The Image of God | Critical | tselem/duab shadow-soul collision (G6) |
| The Fall and the Origin of Sin | Critical | arar/foom curse-ritual collision (G13); nachash serpent folk-associations (G12) |
| The Abrahamic Covenant and Promise | Critical | brit/covenant vs. mere promise (G15); zera/seed Messianic weight (G14); circumcision qualifier anachronism (G17) |
| Providence and the Sovereignty of God | Critical | ”God meant it for good” fatalism collision (G31); hmoov-adjacent flattening |
| Sin’s Consequences and Common Grace | Critical | common grace vs. saving grace conflation (G33); qorban/fij appeasement collision (G34) |
| Covenant Faithfulness across Generations | High | toledot/paqad comprehension gaps; berakhah performative-blessing bridge-and-risk (G23) |
| Joseph and God’s Providence in Suffering | Critical | providential-presence formula (G29); forgiveness-without-restitution collision (G30); “God meant it for good” (G31, shared with Providence doctrine) |
No Medium- or Low-risk doctrine exists in this Language Package’s assigned doctrine set, matching the risk profile already established for the Romans baseline.
Critical Risk Terms
Holy Spirit
Approved rendering: Vaj Ntsuj Plig
Transliteration: ruach hagion (concept)
Doctrine: Creation Ex Nihilo
Rejected alternatives: bare ntsuj plig — rejected, animistic wandering human soul
Inherited from Romans package. ‘Vaj’ prefix mandatory at every occurrence, no exceptions.
Grace
Approved rendering: txiaj ntsim
Transliteration: chen / chanan (Heb.); charis (Gk. cross-ref)
Doctrine: Sin’s Consequences and Common Grace / Grace and Salvation (OT anchor)
Rejected alternatives: koob hmoov — PERMANENTLY FORBIDDEN for salvific grace
Inherited from Romans package. Genesis 6:8 (‘Noah found grace’) is a direct OT anchor text; must never be rendered koob hmoov.
Reckon Impute
Approved rendering: suav / suav tias
Transliteration: vayachshveha lo tzedaqah (Heb.); logizomai (Gk. cross-ref)
Doctrine: The Abrahamic Covenant and Promise
Inherited from Romans package. Genesis 15:6 is the single most important cross-book textual link in the curriculum (direct source of Romans 4); any deviation contradicts the Romans baseline.
Justify Reckon As Righteous
Approved rendering: ua kom ncaj ncees / raug suav tias ncaj ncees
Transliteration: dikaioō / logizomai (Gk. cross-ref)
Doctrine: The Abrahamic Covenant and Promise
Rejected alternatives: ‘ua zoo’ (do good) framing — rejected
Inherited from Romans package. Fixed forensic phrase, applied at Genesis 15:6.
Righteousness Of God Righteous
Approved rendering: Vajtswv txoj kev ncaj ncees / tus ncaj ncees
Transliteration: tzaddiq
Doctrine: Providence and the Sovereignty of God
Rejected alternatives: bare ‘kev ncaj ncees’ without reckoning qualifier — rejected
Inherited from Romans package. Applied to Noah (6:9, ‘righteous in his generation’) and Tamar’s declaration (38:26); teaching note: Noah’s righteousness is relative and a fruit of, not the cause of, God’s prior favor (6:8) — protects the forensic ordering already established in Romans.
Election Choose
Approved rendering: kev xaiv (Vajtswv xaiv raws li nws lub siab nyiam)
Transliteration: concept, cf. Gen 25:23 quoted Rom 9:11-13
Doctrine: Providence and the Sovereignty of God
Rejected alternatives: hmoov (fate) vocabulary — PERMANENTLY FORBIDDEN
Inherited from Romans package. Genesis 25/27 (Jacob and Esau) is the direct OT source text for the Romans 9 election doctrine; hmoov vocabulary remains permanently forbidden here exactly as in Romans.
Flesh Neutral Descent Body
Approved rendering: lub cev nqaij tawv
Transliteration: basar (neutral)
Doctrine: The Image of God
Rejected alternatives: bare nqaij unmarked — rejected, collapses neutral/moral senses
Inherited from Romans package, reused in its strictly neutral physical sense for the ‘one flesh’ marriage union (2:24). Never drifts toward the Romans-baseline’s moral/sinful-nature ‘flesh’ periphrasis.
Propitiation Atoning Sacrifice
Approved rendering: qhov theej txhoj kev txhaum
Transliteration: hilastērion (Gk. cross-ref)
Doctrine: The Abrahamic Covenant and Promise (typological anchor)
Rejected alternatives: transliterated loanword — rejected
Inherited from Romans package. Genesis 22 (Isaac’s binding, the substitutionary ram) is the direct OT typological forerunner; must be taught as prefiguring, not duplicating, Christ’s once-for-all atonement.
Law Mosaic Divine
Approved rendering: Txoj Kevcai (ntawm Vajtswv / Mauxes)
Transliteration: nomos (Gk. cross-ref)
Doctrine: The Abrahamic Covenant and Promise (chronological contrast reference)
Rejected alternatives: bare ‘Txoj Kevcai’ — rejected
Inherited from Romans package. Retained for chronological-contrast teaching only: Genesis’s covenant and circumcision (chs.15,17) PREDATE the Mosaic Law by centuries and must never be taught as already under it.
Create Ex Nihilo
Approved rendering: tsim
Transliteration: bara
Doctrine: Creation Ex Nihilo
Rejected alternatives: undifferentiated use of the same verb for both bara and asah — rejected, erases the ex nihilo/shaping distinction
New Genesis term (G1). Reserved exclusively for God’s creative act of bringing about something genuinely new with no prior stated material (1:1,21,27; 2:3-4; 5:1-2; 6:7). Must never be merged with ‘make_form_from_existing_material’.
Spirit Of God Hovering
Approved rendering: Vaj Ntsuj Plig ntawm Vajtswv nyob saum dej
Transliteration: ruach Elohim merachefet
Doctrine: Creation Ex Nihilo
Rejected alternatives: bare ntsuj plig or generic ‘wind’ with no divine marker — rejected
New Genesis term (G4). Gen 1:2, Scripture’s first occurrence of the divine Spirit. Mandatory ‘Vaj’ prefix, zero exceptions.
Breath Of Life
Approved rendering: cua pa ua rau muaj txoj sia
Transliteration: nishmat chayyim
Doctrine: The Image of God
Rejected alternatives: ntsuj plig or Vaj Ntsuj Plig — both FORBIDDEN
New Genesis term (G10). Gen 2:7. God’s one-time animating breath-act on Adam, doctrinally distinct from NT Spirit-indwelling theology and from the Hmong folk multi-soul concept.
Image Of God Tselem
Approved rendering: (raug tsim raws li Vajtswv) tus duab
Transliteration: tselem
Doctrine: The Image of God
Rejected alternatives: bare duab with no qualifying clause — rejected, risks folk shadow-soul reading
New Genesis term (G6). Gen 1:26-27; 5:1; 9:6. Qualifying clause is NEVER optional, at every occurrence, including headers/quiz options — matches the Romans baseline’s hwjchim-enforcement model exactly.
One Flesh Marriage Union
Approved rendering: lub cev nqaij tawv (los ua ib)
Transliteration: basar echad
Doctrine: The Image of God
New Genesis term. Gen 2:24. Reuses the Romans-baseline’s neutral-flesh entry exactly, strictly in the neutral physical/relational sense, never drifting toward the moral/sinful-nature sense.
Curse Divine Judicial
Approved rendering: foom tsis zoo
Transliteration: arar / qalal
Doctrine: The Fall and the Origin of Sin
Rejected alternatives: bare foom indistinguishable from shamanic ritual cursing/curse-removal — rejected
New Genesis term (G13/G21/G26). Gen 3:14,17; 4:11; 9:25. Direct collision with Hmong foom curse-and-removal ritual practice; must always carry mandatory contrast-teaching that God’s curse is a righteous, non-negotiable verdict remedied only by the promised Seed (3:15), never by counter-ritual.
Covenant Brit
Approved rendering: Vajtswv txoj kev cog lus
Transliteration: brit
Doctrine: The Abrahamic Covenant and Promise
Rejected alternatives: collapsing into bare ‘lus cog tseg’ (promise) — rejected, loses covenant’s ratified, sign-bearing character
New Genesis term (G15). Gen 6:18; 9:9-17; 15:18; 17:2-21; 26. The single most important new lexical item in Genesis; must never be substituted for ‘promise’ within the same lesson, and never varied stylistically.
Cutting A Covenant
Approved rendering: txiav (ua) kev cog lus
Transliteration: karat brit
Doctrine: The Abrahamic Covenant and Promise
New Genesis term. Gen 15:9-18. [TRANSLATOR REVIEW NEEDED: confirm safest phrasing to preserve ritual imagery without implying a mutual spirit-pact] — closely parallels Hmong blood-oath/animal-sacrifice covenant customs; must be taught as God’s unilateral, sovereign self-obligation (Abram sleeps; God alone passes between the pieces), never a bargain between equal spirit-parties.
Favor Grace Noah
Approved rendering: txiaj ntsim
Transliteration: chen / chanan
Doctrine: Sin’s Consequences and Common Grace
Rejected alternatives: koob hmoov — PERMANENTLY FORBIDDEN
New Genesis anchor-use (G18). Gen 6:8. Direct reuse of the baseline’s Critical grace entry; Noah did not earn rescue through ritual correctness or fortune.
Common Grace
Approved rendering: txiaj ntsim dav dav rau ib tsoom neeg
Transliteration: n/a (theological-doctrinal category)
Doctrine: Sin’s Consequences and Common Grace
Rejected alternatives: conflating with the unqualified saving-grace entry ‘txiaj ntsim’ — rejected, erases the temporal/universal vs. salvific/particular distinction
New Genesis term (G33). Gen 3:21; 4:17-22; 6-9; 9:1-7. Mandatory full compound qualifier at every occurrence, never abbreviated to bare ‘txiaj ntsim’; the single highest-vigilance new abstract category in the package.
Burnt Offering
Approved rendering: khoom fij hlawv
Transliteration: olah
Doctrine: The Abrahamic Covenant and Promise
Rejected alternatives: leaving indistinguishable from general qorban/minchah — rejected, loses the ‘wholly offered’ typological nuance
New Genesis term (G26/#49). Gen 22:2-13. Direct typological forerunner of the Romans-baseline propitiation entry; the substitutionary ram must be taught as prefiguring, not duplicating, Christ’s once-for-all atonement.
Sacrificial Offering General
Approved rendering: khoom fij
Transliteration: qorban / minchah
Doctrine: Sin’s Consequences and Common Grace
Rejected alternatives: teaching ritual-correctness itself as the ground of divine favor — rejected, reintroduces works-righteousness
New Genesis term (G34/#48). Gen 4:3-5; 8:20. Reuses the Romans-baseline’s already-Critical fij root; Cain/Abel narrative must be taught as a heart/faith issue (Heb 11:4), not a ritual-form issue.
The Lord Was With Him
Approved rendering: tus Tswv nrog nraim (X)
Transliteration: narrative formula, cf. 39:2,21,23
Doctrine: Joseph and God’s Providence in Suffering
Rejected alternatives: treating as a magical guarantee against all hardship — rejected
New Genesis term (G29/#56). Interpretive key for the whole Joseph cycle; also applies to Abimelech re: Abraham (21:22) and Isaac (26:3,28). Must be taught as operating through, not around, real injustice.
God Meant It For Good
Approved rendering: Vajtswv siab zoo, thiaj ua kom tshwm los ua qhov zoo
Transliteration: ve-ha-Elohim chashavah le-tovah
Doctrine: Providence and the Sovereignty of God
Rejected alternatives: flattening into fatalistic ‘everything happens for a reason’ (hmoov-adjacent) — PERMANENTLY FORBIDDEN
New Genesis term (G31/#57). Gen 50:20, the capstone formula of the whole book. Must affirm the brothers’ genuine moral guilt (named evil, phem) AND God’s sovereign good purpose simultaneously — same structural rule as Romans 9:19-23.
High Risk Terms
Human Spirit Soul
Approved rendering: ntsuj plig
Transliteration: nephesh (anthropological)
Doctrine: The Image of God (contrast term)
Rejected alternatives: Vaj Ntsuj Plig — forbidden for this referent
Inherited from Romans package. Never Vaj-prefixed; kept lexically distinct from the animal life-principle (see living_creature_nephesh_chayyah) and from the divine Spirit.
Sin Act And Condition
Approved rendering: txhaum / kev txhaum
Transliteration: chatta’ah / chet
Doctrine: The Fall and the Origin of Sin
Inherited from Romans package. Genesis 3-4 is the narrative origin of the objective, God-ward guilt-condition Paul assumes in Romans 5:12-19; must not be taught as merely reparable social/ritual fault.
Wrath Of God
Approved rendering: kev npau taws ntawm Vajtswv
Transliteration: af / charon (concept)
Doctrine: Sin’s Consequences and Common Grace
Rejected alternatives: unqualified ‘npau taws’ identified only with capricious spirit/ancestor anger — rejected
Inherited from Romans package. Genesis-specific escalation flag: because Hmong oral tradition already contains its own flood myth, the flood narrative (ch.6-9) is the single highest-risk passage in the book for syncretistic confusion with wrath language.
Idol
Approved rendering: dab mlom
Transliteration: eidōlon (Gk. cross-ref); teraphim (Gen. 31/35 specific referent)
Doctrine: Sin’s Consequences and Common Grace
Rejected alternatives: generic ‘statue’ softening — rejected
Inherited from Romans package. Applied in Genesis to Laban’s household teraphim (31:19,34; 35:2-4), illustrating syncretism persisting even within the covenant family.
Sanctification
Approved rendering: kev raug ua kom dawb huv
Transliteration: hagiasmos (Gk. cross-ref); qadash (Heb., day-sense)
Doctrine: Creation Ex Nihilo (Sabbath, day-sense)
Rejected alternatives: treating as repeatable folk ritual-cleansing — rejected
Inherited from Romans package’s ‘dawb huv’ root, applied in Genesis 2:3 to the seventh DAY (a unit of time), not a person’s moral character. Must be taught as a distinct application of the same root from Romans 6’s moral-transformation sense — never confused with it.
Living Sacrifice
Approved rendering: khoom fij uas muaj txoj sia nyob
Transliteration: thysia zōsa (Gk. cross-ref)
Doctrine: Sin’s Consequences and Common Grace (typological anchor)
Rejected alternatives: unqualified fij — rejected
Inherited from Romans package as a typological cross-reference anchor for the Genesis fij-family entries (khoom fij, khoom fij hlawv); not a direct Genesis occurrence but essential for teaching continuity.
Power
Approved rendering: hwjchim
Transliteration: dynamis (Gk. cross-ref)
Doctrine: The Image of God (dominion-mandate contrast term)
Rejected alternatives: bare unqualified hwjchim applied to dominion — FORBIDDEN
Inherited from Romans package. Retained as the contrast term the dominion mandate (kav thiab tswj) must be actively distinguished from — dominion is delegated stewardship, never personal shamanic-style mystical power.
Make Form From Existing Material
Approved rendering: ua / tsim los ntawm (tej yam uas twb muaj lawm)
Transliteration: asah
Doctrine: Creation Ex Nihilo (contrast term)
Rejected alternatives: collapsing into ‘tsim’ with no distinguishing phrase — rejected
New Genesis term (G2). Companion/contrast verb to ‘create_ex_nihilo’ (1:7,16,25,31; 2:2-3,18-22); must not be silently merged with it.
Greater Lesser Light
Approved rendering: lub teeb loj / lub teeb me
Transliteration: ha-ma’or ha-gadol / ha-qatan
Doctrine: Creation Ex Nihilo
Rejected alternatives: ordinary Hmong words for sun/moon (hnub/hli) at this specific point — rejected, would silently erase Genesis’s own deliberate anti-idolatry demotion polemic
New Genesis term. Gen 1:14-19. Genesis deliberately avoids naming the sun/moon (widely-worshiped ANE astral deities); Hmong tradition can also accord ritual significance to celestial bodies, so this demotion must be preserved and taught, not normalized away.
Living Creature Nephesh Chayyah
Approved rendering: tus nyob muaj sia
Transliteration: nephesh chayyah
Doctrine: The Image of God (contrast term)
Rejected alternatives: ntsuj plig or Vaj Ntsuj Plig — both FORBIDDEN for this referent
New Genesis term (G9). Gen 1:20,24,30; 2:7,19; 9:10-16. An animal’s animating life-principle, kept lexically distinct from both reserved Romans-baseline soul/Spirit terms.
Sabbath Rest Creation Ordinance
Approved rendering: so
Transliteration: vayishbot / shabbat
Doctrine: Creation Ex Nihilo
Rejected alternatives: repeatable folk ritual-rest observance — rejected
New Genesis term (G11/G13). Gen 2:2-3. Creation ordinance of work-then-rest rhythm, prior to and independent of the Mosaic Sabbath law; never evidence God was depleted.
Blessed And Sanctified Day
Approved rendering: foom koob thiab tsa ua hnub dawb huv
Transliteration: vayevarekh…vayekaddesh
Doctrine: Creation Ex Nihilo
New Genesis term (G14/G16). Gen 2:3. First occurrence of ‘holy’ in Scripture, applied to a day, not a person’s character; kept teaching-distinct from Romans 6’s moral-sanctification sense.
Dominion Mandate
Approved rendering: kav thiab tswj
Transliteration: radah / kabash
Doctrine: The Image of God
Rejected alternatives: bare hwjchim-family vocabulary for dominion — rejected
New Genesis term (G8). Gen 1:26,28; 9:1-7. Delegated stewardship under God, never personal mystical power, never license for unrestrained exploitation.
Serpent
Approved rendering: nab
Transliteration: nachash
Doctrine: The Fall and the Origin of Sin
Rejected alternatives: symbolic/non-literal softening — rejected, denies a real tempter using a real creature
New Genesis term (G12). Gen 3:1-15. Render the plain narrative sense; teaching note supplies the fuller biblical-theological identification (Rev 12:9), and must distinguish this from regional folk snake-spirit associations.
Seed Offspring Messianic
Approved rendering: noob
Transliteration: zera
Doctrine: The Abrahamic Covenant and Promise
Rejected alternatives: flattening to generic ‘descendants/lineage’ — rejected
New Genesis term (G14/#27). Gen 3:15 (protoevangelium); 12:7; 13:15-16; 15:5; 17:7-8; 22:17-18; 49:8-12. Deliberately reuses the botanical seed-word from 1:11 to preserve Scripture’s own wordplay; never flattened, ties directly to Christ per Galatians 3:16.
Circumcision Abrahamic
Approved rendering: kev txiav (raws li kev cog lus ntawm Vajtswv thiab Anplahas)
Transliteration: brit milah
Doctrine: The Abrahamic Covenant and Promise
Rejected alternatives: reusing the Romans-baseline Mosaic qualifier ‘(raws li Txoj Kevcai Mauxes)’ unmodified — rejected, chronologically anachronistic, predates Moses by centuries
New Genesis term (G17). Gen 17:9-14,23-27. Formal TM-revision candidate confirmed for Genesis contexts specifically; Romans/NT circumcision contexts retain the original Mosaic qualifier unchanged — a permanent bifurcation, not an inconsistency.
Birthright
Approved rendering: feem thawj tug
Transliteration: bekhorah
Doctrine: Covenant Faithfulness across Generations
Rejected alternatives: reducing to a bare property-inheritance dispute — rejected
New Genesis term (G22). Gen 25:31-34; 27; 43:33. Strong cultural bridge via Hmong firstborn-inheritance custom, but the narrative’s spiritual/covenantal stakes (Esau’s contempt, Heb 12:16) must be preserved.
Blessing Performative Berakhah
Approved rendering: koob hmoov (foom lus koob hmoov, cog rau kev cog lus ntawm Vajtswv)
Transliteration: berakhah
Doctrine: Covenant Faithfulness across Generations
Rejected alternatives: leaving unanchored to God’s covenant purpose — rejected, risks reading as an independent, manipulable ritual formula
New Genesis term (G23). Gen 12:1-3; 27; 48-49. Mandatory full compound qualifier at every occurrence; genuine cultural bridge to Hmong foom koob hmoov practice but must be taught as operating within, not independent of, God’s sovereign covenant will (27:33-38).
Forgiveness
Approved rendering: kev zam txim
Transliteration: nasa avon (idiom: ‘to carry/lift away guilt’)
Doctrine: Joseph and God’s Providence in Suffering
Rejected alternatives: requiring visible restitution/ritual compensation as a precondition — rejected as the operative model here
New Genesis term (G30/#50). Gen 45:1-15; 50:15-21. No prior Romans-baseline anchor; must be taught as flowing from the same unmerited-grace logic already Critical in the Grace doctrine, not ordinary clan reconciliation etiquette requiring restitution.
Angel Messenger Of The Lord
Approved rendering: tus tub txib ntawm Vajtswv
Transliteration: mal’akh YHWH
Doctrine: Providence and the Sovereignty of God
Rejected alternatives: generic ancestral or nature spirit-messenger framing — rejected
New Genesis term (#4 in registry). Gen 16, 18-19, 22, 32. Reuses the apostle/sent-envoy root for register continuity but the referent is supernatural; must always carry the explicit ‘ntawm Vajtswv’ anchor.
Shiloh Messianic Title
Approved rendering: Sailoj
Transliteration: Shiloh
Doctrine: The Abrahamic Covenant and Promise
New Genesis term (#39 in registry). Gen 49:8-12. Transliterated with a mandatory Messianic footnote connecting to the seed_offspring_messianic trajectory; teaching restraint recommended beyond this curriculum’s scope.
Household Idols Teraphim
Approved rendering: dab mlom
Transliteration: teraphim
Doctrine: Sin’s Consequences and Common Grace
New Genesis specific-referent use (#66 in registry) of the inherited ‘idol’ entry. Gen 31:19,34; 35:2-4. Illustrates syncretism persisting within the covenant family itself.
Medium Risk Terms
Faith Believe
Approved rendering: kev ntseeg / ntseeg
Transliteration: he’emin / pistis (Gk. cross-ref)
Doctrine: The Abrahamic Covenant and Promise
Inherited from Romans package. Genesis 15:6 is the direct OT source text quoted in Romans 4:3,9,22; must reuse exactly, no deviation permitted.
Reconciliation
Approved rendering: kev sib haum xeeb
Transliteration: katallagē (Gk. cross-ref)
Doctrine: Covenant Faithfulness across Generations
Inherited from Romans package. Genesis legitimately uses this in its narrower horizontal/interpersonal sense (Jacob/Esau, ch.33; Joseph/brothers, ch.45,50) — a valid narrower use of the underlying word, not a contradiction of the Romans baseline’s mandatory God-ward anchoring rule elsewhere.
Mercy
Approved rendering: txoj kev khuv leej
Transliteration: rachamim / chesed (concept)
Doctrine: Providence and the Sovereignty of God
Rejected alternatives: txiaj ntsim used interchangeably — rejected, mercy/grace kept distinct
Inherited from Romans package (Gen 18-19 intercession; 43 Joseph’s compassion).
Circumcision
Approved rendering: kev txiav (raws li Txoj Kevcai Mauxes)
Transliteration: peritomē (Gk. cross-ref)
Doctrine: The Abrahamic Covenant and Promise (NT/Mosaic contrast reference only)
Inherited from Romans package. Retained in the TM ONLY for Romans/NT-context cross-reference; NEVER used unmodified for Genesis 17’s Abrahamic-covenant circumcision — see ‘circumcision_abrahamic’ for the Genesis-specific qualifier.
Formless And Void
Approved rendering: tsis muaj tsim txheej tsis muaj qauv
Transliteration: tohu wa-bohu
Doctrine: Creation Ex Nihilo
Rejected alternatives: personified chaos-monster/rival power — rejected, contradicts the text’s anti-mythological polemic
New Genesis term (G3). Gen 1:2. Deliberately de-personified, unlike regional chaos-deity myths and elements of Hmong oral cosmology.
The Deep
Approved rendering: dej thu
Transliteration: tehom
Doctrine: Creation Ex Nihilo
New Genesis term. Gen 1:2. Inert material under God’s total control, contrasted with ANE myths personifying ‘the deep’ as a rival chaos-god.
Firmament Expanse
Approved rendering: lub ntuj / qhov chaw nruab nrab ntawm dej saum thiab dej hauv
Transliteration: raqia
Doctrine: Creation Ex Nihilo
New Genesis term. Gen 1:6-8. Comprehension gap (ancient sky-dome vs. modern atmosphere), not a doctrinal collision.
Likeness Demuth
Approved rendering: zoo li (Vajtswv)
Transliteration: demuth
Doctrine: The Image of God
New Genesis term (G7). Gen 1:26. Always paired with image_of_god_tselem, never used separately.
Helper Corresponding
Approved rendering: tus pab uas zoo sib xws nrog nws
Transliteration: ezer kenegdo
Doctrine: The Image of God
New Genesis term (G22). Gen 2:18,20. Complementary partnership, not subordination of worth.
Tree Of Life And Knowledge
Approved rendering: tsob ntoo txoj sia / tsob ntoo kev paub zoo paub phem
Transliteration: etz ha-chayyim / etz ha-da’at tov wa-ra
Doctrine: The Fall and the Origin of Sin
New Genesis term. Gen 2:9,16-17. The second phrase deliberately reuses the root already established in the Romans baseline’s ‘conscience’ entry (tej kev paub zoo paub phem hauv lub siab) for vocabulary continuity.
Indwelling Sin Crouching
Approved rendering: kev txhaum nyob hauv (tos ntawm qhov rooj)
Transliteration: la-petach chattat rovets
Doctrine: Sin’s Consequences and Common Grace
Rejected alternatives: pairing with dab (spirit) vocabulary — rejected, would sound like possession-language
New Genesis term. Gen 4:7. Direct narrative parallel to the Romans baseline’s indwelling_sin entry; useful cross-reference for teaching continuity.
Violence Chamas
Approved rendering: kev nyiam ua nruj ua tsiv
Transliteration: chamas
Doctrine: Sin’s Consequences and Common Grace
New Genesis term (G19). Gen 6:11-13. Describes the pre-flood corruption provoking judgment.
Sign Of Covenant
Approved rendering: lub cim ntawm txoj kev cog lus
Transliteration: oth
Doctrine: The Abrahamic Covenant and Promise
New Genesis term (G16). Gen 9:12-17 (rainbow); 17:11 (circumcision). [TRANSLATOR REVIEW NEEDED: confirm precise standard Hmong lexical item for ‘rainbow’] — not resolved, flagged rather than guessed.
Walked With God
Approved rendering: taug kev nrog Vajtswv
Transliteration: hithalekh et ha-Elohim
Doctrine: Covenant Faithfulness across Generations
Rejected alternatives: bare idiom with no God-ward anchor — rejected, risks ancestor-communion misreading
New Genesis term (G20). Gen 5:22,24; 6:9; 17:1; 24:40. The ‘nrog Vajtswv’ anchor must never be dropped, on the same enforcement model as ‘pehawm Vajtswv’ in the Romans baseline.
Toledot Genealogical Record
Approved rendering: keeb kwm / cov xeeb ntxwv
Transliteration: toledot
Doctrine: Covenant Faithfulness across Generations
New Genesis term (G21/#63). Gen 5:1; 10:1; 11:10; 25:12; 36:1; 37:2. Structuring device; God’s purposes advance through named, real family lines, not impersonal fate.
Fear Of God
Approved rendering: kev hwm thiab ntshai Vajtswv
Transliteration: yir’at Elohim
Doctrine: The Abrahamic Covenant and Promise
Rejected alternatives: terror of a capricious, appeasement-requiring power — rejected
New Genesis term (G24/#36). Gen 20:11; 22:12. Reverent awe, not terror; distinguished from ancestor/spirit-fear requiring ritual appeasement.
Test Try Divine
Approved rendering: sim
Transliteration: nasah
Doctrine: The Abrahamic Covenant and Promise
Rejected alternatives: implying divine cruelty or endorsing literal child sacrifice as a model practice — rejected
New Genesis term (G25/#54). Gen 22:1. Must be taught alongside God’s provision of a substitute; never as endorsement of the practice itself (cf. Lev 18:21).
Israel Individual Renaming
Approved rendering: Yixalayees (kab lus ntxiv qhia tias yog Yakhauj tus kheej lub npe tshiab)
Transliteration: Yisrael
Doctrine: Covenant Faithfulness across Generations
Rejected alternatives: using the national-collective sense with no individual-patriarch gloss — rejected, risks confusing personal renaming with later national identity
New Genesis term (G27/#64). Gen 32:28; 35:10. Reuses the baseline national term but requires a first-occurrence explanatory footnote.
God Will Visit You
Approved rendering: Vajtswv yuav tuaj saib nej thiab coj nej mus
Transliteration: paqad
Doctrine: Covenant Faithfulness across Generations
New Genesis term (G32/#58). Gen 50:24-25. Closes the book on unfulfilled covenant hope, ties forward to Exodus; reinforces the baseline’s ‘hope’ entry.
El Roi
Approved rendering: Vajtswv uas pom
Transliteration: El Roi
Doctrine: Providence and the Sovereignty of God
New Genesis term (#59). Gen 16:13. Hagar’s naming of God after His care for her outside the covenant line; early common-grace/providence witness.
In The Beginning Absolute Origin
Approved rendering: thaum chivkeeb
Transliteration: bereshit
Doctrine: Creation Ex Nihilo
New Genesis term (#5 in registry). Gen 1:1. Comprehension gap only; must be taught as an absolute, not cyclical or relative, beginning.
Confusion Of Languages Babel
Approved rendering: kev sib cais lus
Transliteration: Bavel / balal
Doctrine: Sin’s Consequences and Common Grace
New Genesis term (#65 in registry). Gen 11:9. Deliberately reuses the phrase-structure of the Romans baseline’s ‘divisions/factions’ entry; illustrates judgment functioning also as restraining common grace.
Low Risk Terms
God
Approved rendering: Vajtswv
Transliteration: Elohim / theos
Doctrine: Creation Ex Nihilo / General-Cross-cutting
Rejected alternatives: Yawm Saub / Saub — PERMANENTLY FORBIDDEN, indigenous creator-ancestor/flood-myth figure, Ntuj (impersonal sky/heaven) — rejected, dab (spirit) — rejected
Inherited from Romans package, reused exactly. Hmong ‘Vajtswv’ inherently singular in force, helping forestall a false plural-gods reading of Hebrew Elohim’s grammatical plural.
Lord
Approved rendering: tus Tswv
Transliteration: YHWH / Adonai / kyrios
Doctrine: General / Cross-cutting
Rejected alternatives: transliterated divine-name substitution (‘Yehauvas’) — rejected, sectarian NWT pattern
Inherited from Romans package, reused exactly for YHWH/Adonai throughout Genesis (ch.2, 4, 6-9, 12-50).
Blessing Ordinary Material
Approved rendering: koob hmoov
Transliteration: barak (material sense)
Doctrine: Sin’s Consequences and Common Grace
Rejected alternatives: use for salvific grace — forbidden, see ‘grace’ entry
Inherited from Romans package’s reserved sense. Permitted ONLY for ordinary material prosperity/increase (Gen 1, 12, 24, 27, 30, 39), never for salvific grace or common grace as a theological category.
Promise
Approved rendering: lus cog tseg
Transliteration: davar/nishba (concept)
Doctrine: The Abrahamic Covenant and Promise
Inherited from Romans package. Kept lexically distinct from the new, more formal ‘covenant_brit’ entry — a promise is one-sided; a covenant is formal, ratified, sign-bearing.
Death
Approved rendering: txoj kev tuag
Transliteration: mut
Doctrine: The Fall and the Origin of Sin
Inherited from Romans package. First announced as sin’s consequence (2:17, 3:19) and repeated as a genealogical refrain (ch.5, 25, 35, 49-50); reinforces the narrative source text for Romans 5:12.
Heir
Approved rendering: tus qub txeeg qub teg
Transliteration: yoresh (concept)
Doctrine: The Abrahamic Covenant and Promise
Inherited from Romans package. Strong positive resonance with Hmong lineage-inheritance custom (Gen 15, 21, 25, 27, 48-49).
Glory
Approved rendering: lub yeeb koob
Transliteration: kavod
Doctrine: General / Cross-cutting
Inherited from Romans package.
Remnant
Approved rendering: cov seem
Transliteration: she’ar / palet (concept)
Doctrine: Joseph and God’s Providence in Suffering
Inherited from Romans package. Applied to Lot’s household (19) and Joseph’s ‘preserve a remnant’ (45:7).
Nations Gentiles
Approved rendering: lwm Haiv Neeg
Transliteration: goyim
Doctrine: The Abrahamic Covenant and Promise
Inherited from Romans package. Applied at the Table of Nations (ch.10) and the Abrahamic promise’s universal scope (12:3, 18:18).
Jew
Approved rendering: cov Yudas
Transliteration: Shem (concept, anticipatory)
Doctrine: The Abrahamic Covenant and Promise
Inherited from Romans package, used anticipatorily via Shem’s line (ch.10, 12).
Peace
Approved rendering: kev thaj yeeb
Transliteration: shalom
Doctrine: General / Cross-cutting
Inherited from Romans package (Gen 26, 37).
Ashamed
Approved rendering: txaj muag
Transliteration: bosh / ervah (concept)
Doctrine: The Fall and the Origin of Sin
Inherited from Romans package (Gen 2:25, 3:7,10).
Hope
Approved rendering: kev cia siab
Transliteration: concept, covenant-promise trajectory
Doctrine: Covenant Faithfulness across Generations
Inherited from Romans package (Gen 15, 49-50, Joseph’s dying instructions).
Kind Taxonomic Min
Approved rendering: hom
Transliteration: min
Doctrine: Creation Ex Nihilo
New Genesis term. Gen 1:11-12,21,24-25. Stable descriptive taxonomic refrain.
Dust Of The Ground
Approved rendering: hmoov av
Transliteration: aphar
Doctrine: The Image of God
New Genesis term (G/#17). Gen 2:7, 3:19. Reinforces humanity’s creaturely, non-divine origin.
Male And Female Created
Approved rendering: poj sab txiv sab, nws tsim ob tug
Transliteration: zakhar u-nekevah bera’am
Doctrine: The Image of God
New Genesis term. Gen 1:27. Grounds equal dignity of both sexes in creation itself; equal-dignity implication should be reinforced in teaching in patrilineal-clan cultural contexts.
Garments Of Skin
Approved rendering: tsoos tsho tawv tsiaj
Transliteration: kotenot or
Doctrine: Sin’s Consequences and Common Grace
New Genesis term. Gen 3:21. The earliest concrete instance of common grace: God’s continued kindness to fallen humanity immediately after judgment.
Dream Revelation
Approved rendering: npau suav
Transliteration: chalom
Doctrine: Joseph and God’s Providence in Suffering
New Genesis term (G28/#55). Gen 37:5-11; 40-41. Central narrative device for the Providence and Joseph-Providence doctrines; teaching should distinguish God-given revelatory dreams from folk dream-divination where relevant.
Abraham Proper Name
Approved rendering: Anplahas
Transliteration: Avraham (formerly Avram)
Doctrine: The Abrahamic Covenant and Promise
Proper name, transliterated per established Hmong Bible tradition. [TRANSLATOR REVIEW NEEDED: confirm HWB spelling] pending Phase 2 name-orthography pass.
Isaac Proper Name
Approved rendering: Yiseej
Transliteration: Yitzchaq
Doctrine: The Abrahamic Covenant and Promise
Proper name, transliterated. [TRANSLATOR REVIEW NEEDED: confirm HWB spelling].
Jacob Proper Name
Approved rendering: Yakhauj
Transliteration: Ya’akov
Doctrine: Covenant Faithfulness across Generations
Proper name, transliterated. [TRANSLATOR REVIEW NEEDED: confirm HWB spelling].
Joseph Proper Name
Approved rendering: Yauxej
Transliteration: Yosef
Doctrine: Joseph and God’s Providence in Suffering
Proper name, transliterated. [TRANSLATOR REVIEW NEEDED: confirm HWB spelling].
Adam Proper Name
Approved rendering: Adas
Transliteration: Adam
Doctrine: The Fall and the Origin of Sin
Proper name/generic-humankind term, already used in the Romans baseline’s original_sin_adam_christ_typology entry; reused here for the Genesis narrative referent.