Core Glossary
Haggai — Core Glossary (Hmong Language Package)
This glossary lists every load-bearing theological term surfaced in analysis/07_semantic_analysis.md, across the entire book of Haggai (chapters 1-2), with per-term translation risk. Terms marked “Reused from Romans TM” MUST use the cited Hmong string character-for-character per the baseline’s enforcement rule (§2.2, 12_ai_translation_requirements.md). Terms marked “New — Haggai” are proposed additions requiring TM-revision review before permanent adoption, per §2.4 of the same document.
Risk tier definitions (inherited unchanged from assets/bible_term_registry.json):
- Critical — strong, specific collision with Hmong traditional religion that could invert/neutralize the doctrine if unaddressed.
- High — real potential for confusion with a specific traditional-religious concept; manageable with a documented disambiguating strategy.
- Medium — partial semantic mismatch, register gap, or comprehension gap; no direct collision.
- Low — stable, safe rendering with minimal ambiguity.
A. Terms Reused Verbatim from the Romans Baseline TM
| # | English Term | Hebrew (Translit.) | Greek/LXX (Translit.) | Hmong Rendering | Risk | Doctrine(s) | Chapters | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | God | Elohim | theos | Vajtswv | Low | All | 1-2 | Reused unmodified (TM: god). |
| 2 | Lord / LORD (title base) | YHWH / Adonai | kyrios | tus Tswv | Low | All | 1-2 | Reused unmodified (TM: lord); serves as the base for the compound LORD of hosts entry (§B). |
| 3 | Glory | kavod | doxa | lub yeeb koob | Low | D4 | 1:8; 2:3, 2:7, 2:9 | Reused unmodified (TM: glory); Hebrew kavod and Greek doxa share the same theological referent (weighty divine honor/splendor). |
| 4 | Peace | shalom | eirēnē | kev thaj yeeb | Low | D3, D4 | 2:9 | Reused unmodified (TM: peace). |
| 5 | Remnant | she’ar / leimma-equivalent | hypoleimma / leimma | cov seem | Low | D2, D3 | 1:12, 1:14, 2:2 | Reused unmodified (TM: remnant). |
| 6 | Election / Choose | bachar | eklegomai | kev xaiv (Vajtswv xaiv raws li nws lub siab nyiam) | Critical | D3 (typology), D4 | 2:23 | Reused unmodified (TM: election_choose); mandatory volitional clause retained; hmoov (fate) vocabulary permanently forbidden. |
| 7 | Human spirit/soul (anthropological) | ruach (human referent) | pneuma (anthropological) | ntsuj plig | High | D3 | 1:14 | Reused unmodified (TM: human_spirit_soul); never Vaj-prefixed; must stay lexically distinct from #8 below within the same book. |
| 8 | Holy Spirit / God’s own Spirit | ruach (divine referent, “my Spirit”) | pneuma hagion | Vaj Ntsuj Plig | Critical | D3 | 2:5 | Reused unmodified (TM: holy_spirit); mandatory “Vaj” prefix at every occurrence; the single highest-stakes disambiguation point in this book against #7. |
| 9 | Servant/slave (bondservant-type lexeme) | eved | doulos | qhev | High | D3 (typology) | 2:23 | Reused unmodified (TM: servant_slave_doulos); here functions as a royal-messianic honorific (“my servant,” cf. “my servant David”), requiring an additional teaching note distinct from the NT self-abasement sense — see item #37 below. |
| 10 | Blessing (material, non-salvific) | barakh | — (cf. eulogia, not in Romans TM) | koob hmoov | Low-Medium | D2 | 2:19 | This is the Romans TM’s own explicitly sanctioned use-case for koob hmoov (per TM entry grace’s alternatives_rejected note: “reserved exclusively for ordinary material ‘blessing’ contexts”). Still requires a teaching note distinguishing covenant-relational blessing from ritual-correctness/fate mechanics. |
B. New Terms — Haggai-Specific (Proposed for TM-Revision Review)
| # | English Term | Hebrew (Translit.) | Literal Meaning | Hmong Rendering | Risk | Doctrine(s) | Chapters | Collision / Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 11 | LORD of hosts | YHWH Tseba’ot | ”YHWH of armies” | tus TSWV uas kav Ib Tsoom Tub Rog Saum Ntuj | Critical | D1, D2, D4 | 1:2,5,7,9,14; 2:4,6,7,8,9,11,23 (×2) | Built on baseline-fixed tus Tswv + mandatory military qualifier. Parallels the baseline’s hwjchim collision (registry #62): risks being heard as “a more powerful spirit-general” commanding spirit-armies (a txiv neeb’s domain) rather than the Creator’s unique sovereignty over a real angelic host. Never render as bare “tus Tswv” in this book — the “hosts” qualifier must always be present given its ~14 occurrences. |
| 12 | House of the LORD / Temple | beit-YHWH / heikal | ”house/palace of YHWH” | lub Tuam Tsev ntawm Vajtswv | High | D1, D3, D4 | 1:2,4,8,9,14; 2:3,7,9,15,18 | Tsev (“house”) risks conflation with tsev dab, a household ancestor/spirit-shrine. Mandatory qualifier “ntawm Vajtswv” at every occurrence, parallel to the baseline’s Txoj Kevcai (ntawm Vajtswv/Mauxes) pattern (registry #27). The contrastive pairing with ordinary “your house(s)” (lub tsev, no qualifier) is the doctrinal payload of Doctrine 1 and must be preserved. |
| 13 | Prophet | navi | ”spokesman, one who speaks on behalf of” | tus cev Vajtswv Lus | Medium-High | General/D2 | 1:1,3,12; 2:1,10,20 | Risk of assimilation to txiv neeb (shaman/spirit-medium) role, who also “conveys messages” believed to originate from spirits. Same collision class as baseline’s apostle (registry #9) and priestly_minister (registry #12) cautions. |
| 14 | Governor | pechah | Persian-period provincial civil office | tus Tswv Xeev | Low | D1 (typology) | 1:1,14; 2:2,21 | Comprehension-level only; messianic-lineage significance (Zerubbabel, Davidic line) is a teaching-note matter, not a collision. |
| 15 | High Priest | kohen haggadol | head of the Aaronic priesthood | Tuam Pov Thawj | Medium | General | 1:1,12,14; 2:2,4 | Must never be rendered with txiv neeb vocabulary — same caution as baseline registry #12 (leitourgos). |
| 16 | Word of the LORD (spoken revelation formula) | devar-YHWH | ”word/matter of YHWH” | Vajtswv Txoj Lus | Low (Medium for collision note) | General | 1:1,3; 2:1,10,20 | Distinct from Vaj Lug Kub (written Scripture, baseline registry #79). Must not be confused with spirit-medium message-formulas. |
| 17 | This people / this nation (rhetorical distancing) | ha’am hazeh | ”this people” | haiv neeg no | Low | D1 | 1:2; 2:14 | Rhetorical rebuke, not formal covenant-exclusion; translation note required. |
| 18 | Rebuild | banah (lehibbanot) | “to build/rebuild” | rov txhim kho / rov ua dua | Low | D1 | 1:2,8 | No collision. |
| 19 | Paneled houses (luxury dwelling) | batim sefunim | ”houses covered/paneled [with wood]“ | lub tsev muaj txaij ntoo zoo nkauj | Low-Medium | D1 | 1:4 | Comprehension gap (wood-paneling as luxury marker); no doctrinal collision. Central to the Priorities contrast with “this house” (temple) in the same verse. |
| 20 | Ruins/waste (of the temple) | chareb | ”a ruin, a waste, desolate” | pob tas / tso cia kom pob | High | D1, D2 | 1:4,9 | Risk of attribution to angered ancestral/nature spirits rather than covenant consequence for neglect; requires explicit Doctrine 2 teaching. |
| 21 | Consider your ways | simu levavkhem al-darkeikhem | ”set your heart(s) upon your ways” | tsa siab / muab siab rau ntsia koj txoj kev | Low-Medium | D1, D2 | 1:5,7 | Reuses the established siab (liver/heart, seat of will) idiom already present in baseline registry #29 (conscience) and #77 (will_of_god). Fixed refrain; must read identically at both occurrences. |
| 22 | Futility catalog (sown much/little; eat/not full; drink/not filled; earn/bag with holes) | zera’tem harbeh…; tzelochit nekuvah | agricultural and economic futility images | tseb noob ntau tiam sis sau tau tsawg; noj tsis tsau; haus tsis tsau siab; tau nqi zog los poob rau hauv lub hnab tawg qhov | Low-Medium | D2 | 1:6,9 | Concrete agrarian/economic idiom transfers cleanly; causal-attribution caution (covenant curse, not fate/hmoov or spirit-anger) must accompany teaching. |
| 23 | Take pleasure in / be pleased (divine acceptance) | ratsah (ve’ertzeh-vo) | “and I will be pleased/take delight” | kom kuv txaus siab rau nws | Medium | D1 | 1:8 | Adjacent to the fij/offering-acceptance domain flagged in baseline registry #64 (living_sacrifice); must be taught as gracious acceptance of obedient work, not ritual-correctness appeasement. |
| 24 | I blew it away (divine agency in economic loss) | nafach (venafoach bo) | “and I blew/breathed upon it” | kuv tshuab ncaws mus | Medium-High | D2 | 1:9 | Must be anchored as the LORD’s deliberate covenant response, not impersonal fate or an offended wind/nature-spirit’s act. |
| 25 | My house / his own house (central contrastive pair) | beiti / leveito | ”my house / to his house” | kuv lub Tuam Tsev ntawm Vajtswv / nws lub tsev nyob | High | D1 | 1:9 | Doctrinal payload of the Priorities doctrine; contrastive parallelism must be preserved, not smoothed away in translation. |
| 26 | Heavens withheld dew / earth withheld produce | hashamayim mittal / ha’aretz yevulah | ”the heavens from dew / the earth its yield” | ntuj tsis tso lwg los / lub ntiajteb tsis muaj qoob loo zoo | High | D2 | 1:10 | Weather phenomena strongly associated with sky/nature-spirit agency in Hmong tradition; must be taught as covenant cause-and-effect under the LORD’s sovereignty, not spirit-anger or fate. |
| 27 | Called for a drought (wordplay with “ruins”) | choreb (va’ekra choreb) | “I called [for] dryness” (root shared with chareb, “ruin,” 1:4) | kuv tau hu kom muaj kev tshav ntuj qhuav / kev nqhis dej los | High | D2 | 1:11 | Hebrew wordplay (ruined house → dried land) largely untranslatable lexically; requires a teaching footnote. Same collision caution as #26. |
| 28 | Grain, new wine, oil (covenant blessing/curse triad) | dagan, tirosh, yitzhar | staple agricultural produce | qoob loo, cawv txiv hmab tshiab, roj | Low | D2 | 1:11 | Comprehension gap only (olive oil/grapes not native Hmong highland produce); parallel handling to baseline’s grafted_olive_tree comprehension note (registry #60). |
| 29 | Obeyed the voice of the LORD | shama bekol-YHWH | ”listened/heard in the voice of YHWH” | mloog tus Tswv lus | Medium | D2 | 1:12 | Conceptually continuous with the Romans baseline’s obedience_of_faith phrase (registry #17) without importing its specifically NT faith-obedience nexus. |
| 30 | The LORD stirred up the spirit of… | ya’ar YHWH et-ruach… | ”YHWH stirred/aroused the spirit of…” | Vajtswv txhib lawv tus ntsuj plig | High | D3 | 1:14 | See item #7 above (Section A); the anthropological ntsuj plig here must be kept meticulously distinct from the divine Vaj Ntsuj Plig of 2:5, only a short span away in the same book. |
| 31 | I am with you (covenant-presence formula) | ani ittekhem | ”I [am] with you” | Kuv nrog nej nyob | High | D3 | 1:13; 2:4 | Risk of assimilation into Hmong ancestor/nature-spirit companionship beliefs (spirits “dwelling with” or ritually “called to stay with” the living); must be explicitly anchored to tus Tswv as the unique covenant God. |
| 32 | I will shake the heavens and the earth | mar’ish et-hashamayim ve’et-ha’aretz | ”[I am] shaking the heavens and the earth” | kuv yuav ua kom ntuj thiab ntiajteb koog/tshee | Low-Medium | D4 | 2:6,7,21 | Comprehension-level; some overlap-risk with shamanic cosmic-battle imagery, flagged Medium. Quoted in Hebrews 12:26-27 — cross-Testament note recommended. |
| 33 | Treasures / Desire of all nations | chemdat kol-haggoyim | ”the desire/precious things of all the nations” | tej khoom muaj nqis ntawm ib tsoom tebchaws | High | D4 | 2:7 | Genuine text-critical/interpretive ambiguity between a collective-material reading and a personal-messianic reading (KJV “the Desire of all nations”). [TRANSLATOR REVIEW NEEDED] — do not resolve unilaterally; route to human theologian review. |
| 34 | The silver is mine, the gold is mine | li hakesef veli hazahav | ”to me the silver, to me the gold” | nyiaj yog kuv li, kub los yog kuv li | Low | D4 | 2:8 | No collision. |
| 35 | Latter glory greater than the former | gadol…kevod…ha’acharon min-hari’shon | ”great…glory…the latter…than the former” | (uses lub yeeb koob, see Section A #3) | Low (lexical) / Medium (typological teaching) | D4 | 2:9 | New Testament fulfillment-typology (Christ as greater glory/greater temple) flagged for theologian input, not resolved casually. |
| 36 | Holy / Unclean (ceremonial purity contagion) | qodesh / tame | ”holy, set apart” / “unclean, defiled” | dawb huv / qias tsis huv | Critical | D1, D2 | 2:12-14 | Directly shares the Hmong folk-purity/spirit-contamination collision already flagged Critical in the Romans baseline’s Sanctification doctrine (doctrine_risk_registry #7); uniquely dangerous here because the passage is itself a purity-contagion argument. Requires the most extensive contrast-teaching in the book: uncleanness (not holiness) spreads by contact in the text’s own logic; applied to the nation’s defiled works — resolved by returning to obedience, not ritual purification technique. |
| 37 | My servant (royal-messianic honorific) | avdi | ”my servant” (honorific, cf. “my servant David”) | kuv tus qhev | Medium-High | D3 (typology), D4 | 2:23 | Shares the lexeme with baseline registry #10 (doulos, self-abasement sense) but functions here as a royal-messianic honor title; requires explicit disambiguating teaching. [TRANSLATOR REVIEW NEEDED: confirm whether an existing Hmong OT tradition uses a distinct honorific term for “servant of the LORD” apart from qhev.] |
| 38 | Signet ring | chotam | ”seal, signet” | lub cim uas coj hauv looj tes (“signet”) | Low-Medium | D4 (typology) | 2:23 | Comprehension gap (no direct Hmong clan-seal equivalent); reverses Jeremiah 22:24’s judgment image — flag for theologian input if used in advanced/typological teaching. |
| 39 | Overthrow the kingdoms | hafakhti kisse mamlakhot | ”I will overturn the throne of kingdoms” | thim/rhuav cov nceeg vaj ntawm tej tebchaws | Low-Medium | D4 | 2:22 | Comprehension-level, shares the Medium cosmic-battle-imagery caution with item #32. |
C. Doctrine-to-Term Cross-Reference
| Doctrine | Key Terms (by # above) |
|---|---|
| D1 — Priorities: God’s House versus Self-Interest | #12, #13(indirect), #14, #17, #18, #19, #20, #23, #25, #36 |
| D2 — Obedience and Blessing | #10, #11, #20, #21, #22, #24, #26, #27, #28, #29, #36 |
| D3 — The Presence and Spirit of God with His People | #6/#7/#8 (Section A), #30, #31, #37 (typological) |
| D4 — The Coming Glory of the Temple | #3 (Section A), #11, #12, #32, #33, #34, #35, #37, #38, #39 |
D. Escalation Flags Requiring Human Theologian Review Before Publication
Per 12_ai_translation_requirements.md §9, the following items are flagged for mandatory human theologian review, no automated-review bypass:
- #8 / #7 (Section A) — the Vaj Ntsuj Plig / ntsuj plig disambiguation across 1:14 and 2:5 (Critical, Doctrine 3 parallel).
- #11 — LORD of hosts, given its density (~14 occurrences) and the hwjchim-class shamanic-power collision risk.
- #12 / #25 — house of the LORD vs. ordinary “house,” given its centrality to Doctrine 1’s rhetorical structure.
- #33 — chemdat kol-haggoyim (“treasures/Desire of all nations,” 2:7) — genuine interpretive ambiguity, messianic-reading fork. [TRANSLATOR REVIEW NEEDED]
- #36 — the qodesh/tame holiness-contagion passage (2:10-14) — Critical folk-purity collision, structurally embedded in the passage’s own argument.
- #37 — avdi (“my servant,” 2:23) — honorific-vs-bondservant disambiguation for Zerubbabel. [TRANSLATOR REVIEW NEEDED]
- Proper names not previously attested in the Hmong Romans TM (Haggai, Zerubbabel, Shealtiel, Joshua, Jehozadak, Darius) — [TRANSLATOR REVIEW NEEDED: confirm against existing Hmong Old Testament tradition].
Critical Risk Terms
Grace
Approved rendering: txiaj ntsim
Transliteration: charis (Gk.); no direct Haggai occurrence, but its paired prohibition governs Haggai’s use of koob hmoov
Doctrine: Grace and Salvation by Faith Alone (Romans); cross-referenced by Obedience and Blessing (Haggai)
Rejected alternatives: koob hmoov (fortune/blessing tied to fate and ritual correctness) — PERMANENTLY FORBIDDEN for salvific/unmerited-favor sense
Inherited from Romans package. Carried forward into this Haggai TM solely to preserve, unaltered, the permanent prohibition against using ‘koob hmoov’ for salvific grace — the same lexeme is sanctioned in Haggai ONLY for the ordinary-material-blessing sense (see new entry ‘blessing_material’, 2:19). Translators must consult both entries together; this entry’s prohibition is never weakened by the sanctioned Haggai usage.
Election Choose
Approved rendering: kev xaiv (Vajtswv xaiv raws li nws lub siab nyiam)
Transliteration: bachar (Heb.) / eklegomai (Gk.)
Doctrine: The Coming Glory of the Temple (Zerubbabel typology)
Rejected alternatives: hmoov (impersonal fate/fortune) vocabulary — PERMANENTLY FORBIDDEN, collapses personal divine choice into fatalism
Inherited from Romans package. Reused verbatim at Haggai 2:23 (‘I have chosen you’); mandatory volitional clause retained without exception, same as Romans 9/11.
Holy Spirit
Approved rendering: Vaj Ntsuj Plig
Transliteration: ruchi, “my Spirit” (Heb.) / pneuma hagion (Gk.)
Doctrine: The Presence and Spirit of God with His People
Rejected alternatives: bare ntsuj plig (no Vaj prefix) — rejected, denotes an animistic wandering human soul
Inherited from Romans package. Reused verbatim at Haggai 2:5 (‘my Spirit remains in your midst’). Mandatory ‘Vaj’ prefix at every occurrence, zero exceptions; forms a matched, opposite-treatment pair with ‘human_spirit_soul’ (1:14) that must never be confused.
Lord Of Hosts
Approved rendering: tus TSWV uas kav Ib Tsoom Tub Rog Saum Ntuj
Transliteration: YHWH Tseba’ot
Doctrine: The Coming Glory of the Temple (also load-bearing throughout Priorities and Obedience and Blessing doctrines, given ~14 occurrences across both chapters)
Rejected alternatives: bare ‘tus Tswv’ with the qualifier dropped — FORBIDDEN, loses the military-sovereignty force, unqualified hwjchim-style rendering — FORBIDDEN, identical to a shaman’s (txiv neeb) claimed command of spirit-armies
New — Haggai. Built on the baseline-fixed ‘tus Tswv’ plus a mandatory military qualifier. Parallels the Romans-baseline hwjchim collision (registry #62). Must never be abbreviated at any of its ~14 occurrences (1:2,5,7,9,14; 2:4,6,7,8,9,11,23 x2).
Holy Ceremonial
Approved rendering: dawb huv
Transliteration: qodesh
Doctrine: Obedience and Blessing
Rejected alternatives: transliterated Hebrew ritual-legal loanword — rejected, doctrinally inert, would forfeit necessary folk-purity contrast-teaching
New — Haggai. Occurs 2:12. Shares the Hmong lexical root already flagged Critical/High in the Romans baseline’s sanctification entry (registry #46). Uniquely dangerous here because the passage is itself a purity-contagion argument, structurally close to Hmong folk purity logic.
Unclean Ceremonial
Approved rendering: qias tsis huv
Transliteration: tame
Doctrine: Obedience and Blessing
New — Haggai. Occurs 2:13-14. The purity/impurity contagion logic maps disconcertingly well onto Hmong folk-religious purity concepts; must be taught as covenant-relational defilement from disobedience, resolved by returning to obedience, never by ritual purification technique.
Work Of Hands Defiled
Approved rendering: tag nrho lawv txhais tes ua haujlwm…qias tsis huv
Transliteration: kol-ma’aseh yedeihem…tame hu
Doctrine: Obedience and Blessing
Rejected alternatives: softening the severity of the verdict — rejected, the following blessing-promise (2:19) depends rhetorically on this diagnosis’s severity
New — Haggai. Occurs 2:14. Compounds the collision of holy_ceremonial/unclean_ceremonial; must not be softened.
High Risk Terms
Human Spirit Soul
Approved rendering: ntsuj plig
Transliteration: ruach (human referent, Heb.) / pneuma (anthropological, Gk.)
Doctrine: The Presence and Spirit of God with His People
Rejected alternatives: Vaj Ntsuj Plig — forbidden for this referent, reserved exclusively for the Holy Spirit/God’s own Spirit
Inherited from Romans package. Reused verbatim at Haggai 1:14 for the human spirit of Zerubbabel, Joshua, and the remnant, stirred up by the LORD. Must remain unprefixed and lexically distinct from ‘holy_spirit’ below, only one chapter away at 2:5 — the single highest-stakes disambiguation point in this book.
Servant Slave Doulos
Approved rendering: qhev
Transliteration: eved (Heb.) / doulos (Gk.)
Doctrine: The Coming Glory of the Temple (Zerubbabel typology)
Rejected alternatives: koom tes (co-worker/partner) — rejected softening, erases total-surrender/honorific force
Inherited from Romans package. Reused at Haggai 2:23 (‘my servant’) where it functions as a royal-messianic honorific parallel to ‘my servant David’ rather than the New Testament’s total-surrender bondservant self-designation. See new entry ‘my_servant_royal_honorific’ below for the required disambiguating teaching note specific to this Haggai usage.
House Of The Lord
Approved rendering: lub Tuam Tsev ntawm Vajtswv
Transliteration: beit-YHWH / heikal
Doctrine: Priorities: God’s House versus Self-Interest
Rejected alternatives: bare ‘lub tsev’ for the temple — FORBIDDEN, collapses into tsev dab (household ancestor/spirit-shrine)
New — Haggai. Qualifier ‘ntawm Vajtswv’ mandatory at every occurrence (1:2,4,8,9,14; 2:3,7,9,15,18), parallel to the Romans baseline’s Txoj Kevcai (ntawm Vajtswv/Mauxes) pattern (registry #27). Ordinary private houses (‘lub tsev,’ no qualifier) must never receive this qualifier — the qualified/unqualified contrast is itself the doctrinal payload of 1:9.
My House His House Contrast
Approved rendering: kuv lub Tuam Tsev ntawm Vajtswv / nws lub tsev nyob
Transliteration: beiti…leveito
Doctrine: Priorities: God’s House versus Self-Interest
Rejected alternatives: smoothing both sides of the contrast to identical or symmetrical phrasing — rejected, erases the verse’s rhetorical indictment
New — Haggai. The central contrastive pair of Haggai 1:9, naming the cause of the community’s economic futility. The qualified/unqualified asymmetry must be preserved exactly, never smoothed for stylistic parallelism.
Ruins Desolate
Approved rendering: pob tas / tso cia kom pob
Transliteration: chareb
Doctrine: Priorities: God’s House versus Self-Interest / Obedience and Blessing
Rejected alternatives: unqualified ruin-language with no causal teaching note — rejected, defaults to angered-ancestral/nature-spirit framing
New — Haggai. Occurs 1:4, 1:9. Hmong traditional worldview attributes a dwelling’s ruin to angered spirits requiring ritual appeasement; must be explicitly taught as covenant consequence for neglect, reversed by obedient rebuilding, not ritual appeasement.
I Blew It Away
Approved rendering: kuv tshuab ncaws mus
Transliteration: venafoach bo (nafach)
Doctrine: Obedience and Blessing
Rejected alternatives: agentless/passive rendering — rejected, invites spirit-agency or impersonal-fate inference
New — Haggai. Occurs 1:9. Must always retain ‘tus Tswv’ as explicit grammatical subject in the same clause; pairs with the Romans baseline’s wrath_of_god collision caution (registry #31) though ‘wrath’ itself is not the word used.
Heavens Withheld Dew Earth Withheld Produce
Approved rendering: ntuj tsis tso lwg los / lub ntiajteb tsis muaj qoob loo zoo
Transliteration: hashamayim mittal / ha’aretz yevulah
Doctrine: Obedience and Blessing
Rejected alternatives: standalone nature-description with no causal frame — rejected, defaults to sky-spirit/ancestor-spirit weather attribution
New — Haggai. Occurs 1:10. Weather phenomena are the single most spirit-attributed domain in Hmong traditional cosmology; must be taught alongside ‘consider your ways’ as covenant cause-and-effect.
Called For Drought Wordplay
Approved rendering: kuv tau hu kom muaj kev tshav ntuj qhuav / kev nqhis dej los raug lub tebchaws
Transliteration: va’ekra choreb
Doctrine: Obedience and Blessing
Rejected alternatives: a forced Hmong pun attempting to reproduce the Hebrew ḥrb wordplay — rejected, unnatural and unnecessary; use a teaching footnote instead
New — Haggai. Occurs 1:11. Hebrew wordplay links ‘ruins’ (chareb, 1:4) to ‘drought’ (choreb, 1:11); untranslatable lexically, preserve as a teaching footnote. Same collision caution as heavens_withheld_dew_earth_withheld_produce.
Lord Stirred Up Spirit
Approved rendering: Vajtswv txhib lawv tus ntsuj plig
Transliteration: vayya’ar YHWH et-ruach
Doctrine: The Presence and Spirit of God with His People
Rejected alternatives: pairing with hu-plig-style invocational verb framing — rejected, risks sounding like ritual soul-calling/possession rather than psychological enabling
New — Haggai. Occurs 1:14. Reuses ‘human_spirit_soul’ (ntsuj plig, unprefixed) as its object; must be kept meticulously distinct from 2:5’s Vaj Ntsuj Plig only one chapter away. Verb frame (‘txhib,’ stirred) must remain strictly volitional/psychological, never invocational.
I Am With You Presence Formula
Approved rendering: Kuv nrog nej nyob, tus Tswv hais li no
Transliteration: ani ittekhem ne’um-YHWH
Doctrine: The Presence and Spirit of God with His People
Rejected alternatives: free-floating assurance with no explicit divine-speaker tag — rejected, risks assimilation into ancestor/nature-spirit companionship claims (hu plig)
New — Haggai. Occurs 1:13, 2:4 (with the LORD-of-hosts title added at 2:4). Must always co-occur with the explicit subject ‘tus Tswv’ in the same clause or immediately adjacent clause.
Treasures Desire Of All Nations
Approved rendering: tej khoom muaj nqis ntawm ib tsoom tebchaws
Transliteration: chemdat kol-haggoyim
Doctrine: The Coming Glory of the Temple
Rejected alternatives: unilaterally resolving toward the singular-personal messianic reading (KJV ‘the Desire of all nations’) without theologian review — FORBIDDEN, unilaterally finalizing the collective-material reading as the sole permissible teaching — FORBIDDEN, must remain flagged
New — Haggai. Occurs 2:7. [TRANSLATOR REVIEW NEEDED: genuine text-critical/interpretive ambiguity between a material-treasure reading and a personal-messianic reading; do not resolve unilaterally, route to human theologian review before publication.] The sole genuinely missing-vocabulary item with doctrinal consequence in the book (analysis/06_linguistic_gap_analysis.md §2.2).
Medium Risk Terms
Obeyed The Voice Of The Lord
Approved rendering: mloog tus Tswv lus
Transliteration: vayyishme’u…bekol YHWH
Doctrine: Obedience and Blessing
Rejected alternatives: importing the Romans baseline’s full ‘kev mloog lus ntawm kev ntseeg’ (obedience of faith) compound — rejected, over-theologizes an OT covenant-obedience narrative report that does not carry the NT faith-obedience nexus
New — Haggai. Occurs 1:12. Conceptually continuous with, but not identical to, the Romans baseline’s obedience_of_faith entry (registry #17).
Take Pleasure Divine Acceptance
Approved rendering: kom kuv txaus siab rau nws
Transliteration: ve’ertzeh-vo (ratsah)
Doctrine: Priorities: God’s House versus Self-Interest
New — Haggai. Occurs 1:8. Adjacent to the fij (offering-acceptance) domain flagged in the Romans baseline’s living_sacrifice entry (registry #64); must be taught as gracious acceptance of obedient work, not ritual-correctness appeasement.
Shake Heavens And Earth
Approved rendering: kuv yuav ua kom ntuj thiab ntiajteb koog/tshee
Transliteration: mar’ish et-hashamayim ve’et-ha’aretz
Doctrine: The Coming Glory of the Temple
New — Haggai. Occurs 2:6-7, 2:21. Comprehension-level overlap with shamanic cosmic-battle imagery, manageable with a documented note. Cross-Testament note recommended given the Hebrews 12:26-27 citation.
Latter Glory Greater Than Former
Approved rendering: lub yeeb koob (reused, with comparative clause)
Transliteration: gadol yihyeh kevod habbayit hazeh ha’acharon min-hari’shon
Doctrine: The Coming Glory of the Temple
New — Haggai. Occurs 2:9. Lexically low-risk (reuses stable ‘lub yeeb koob’), but the New Testament fulfillment-typology (Christ as greater glory/greater temple) is flagged for theologian input on typological framing, not resolved casually in a footnote.
Word Of The Lord Formula
Approved rendering: Vajtswv Txoj Lus
Transliteration: devar-YHWH
Doctrine: General / Cross-cutting
Rejected alternatives: conflating with Vaj Lug Kub (written Scripture) — rejected, this is the spoken-revelation-event formula, a distinct referent
New — Haggai. Opens every oracle (1:1, 1:3, 2:1, 2:10, 2:20). Must not be confused with divination/spirit-message formulas by which a txiv neeb (shaman) claims to receive messages from spirits; a brief contrast note is required at first teaching occurrence.
High Priest
Approved rendering: Tuam Pov Thawj
Transliteration: kohen haggadol
Doctrine: General / Cross-cutting
Rejected alternatives: txiv neeb (shaman) vocabulary — forbidden, would conflate the Aaronic priesthood with shamanism
New — Haggai. Established Hmong Christian term for the Aaronic priestly office; same caution as the Romans baseline’s priestly_minister (registry #12).
Proper Name Haggai
Approved rendering: Hakais
Transliteration: Chaggai
Doctrine: General / Cross-cutting
New — Haggai. [TRANSLATOR REVIEW NEEDED: confirm against an existing Hmong Old Testament tradition, if one exists, before permanent adoption.] Ad hoc transliteration parallel to existing fixed names (Yexus Khetos, Povlauj). Also serves as the working baseline citation-book-name for this Language Package.
Low Risk Terms
God
Approved rendering: Vajtswv
Transliteration: Elohim (Heb.) / theos (Gk.)
Doctrine: General / Cross-cutting
Rejected alternatives: Ntuj (impersonal sky/heaven) — rejected, lacks personal deity sense, dab (spirit) — rejected, denotes false/lesser spirit
Inherited from Romans package. Reused verbatim for Haggai’s Elohim references throughout chapters 1-2; identical personal-deity referent across Testaments, no collision.
Lord
Approved rendering: tus Tswv
Transliteration: YHWH / Adonai (Heb.) / kyrios (Gk.)
Doctrine: General / Cross-cutting
Inherited from Romans package. Serves as the base title reused throughout Haggai for YHWH; also the base component of the new compound entry ‘lord_of_hosts’ below, which is mandatory whenever the Hebrew adds Tseba’ot.
Glory
Approved rendering: lub yeeb koob
Transliteration: kavod (Heb.) / doxa (Gk.)
Doctrine: The Coming Glory of the Temple
Inherited from Romans package. Hebrew kavod and Greek doxa share the identical theological referent (weighty divine honor/splendor); reused verbatim at Haggai 1:8, 2:3, 2:7, 2:9.
Peace
Approved rendering: kev thaj yeeb
Transliteration: shalom (Heb.) / eirēnē (Gk.)
Doctrine: The Presence and Spirit of God with His People / The Coming Glory of the Temple
Inherited from Romans package. Reused verbatim at Haggai 2:9, where God promises peace ‘in this place’ alongside the temple’s coming glory.
Remnant
Approved rendering: cov seem
Transliteration: she’ar / leimma-equivalent (Heb.) / hypoleimma / leimma (Gk.)
Doctrine: The Presence and Spirit of God with His People / Obedience and Blessing
Inherited from Romans package. Reused verbatim at Haggai 1:12, 1:14, 2:2 for the returned exilic covenant community; identical theological referent to Romans 9-11’s remnant theology.
This People Rhetorical
Approved rendering: haiv neeg no
Transliteration: ha’am hazeh
Doctrine: Priorities: God’s House versus Self-Interest
New — Haggai. Occurs 1:2, 2:14. Rhetorical distancing/rebuke, not a formal covenant-exclusion statement; requires a brief translation note.
Rebuild
Approved rendering: rov txhim kho / rov ua dua
Transliteration: lehibbanot (banah)
Doctrine: Priorities: God’s House versus Self-Interest
New — Haggai. Concrete construction vocabulary, no collision. Occurs 1:2, 1:8.
Grain Wine Oil Triad
Approved rendering: qoob loo, cawv txiv hmab tshiab, roj
Transliteration: haddagan…hattirosh…hayitzhar
Doctrine: Obedience and Blessing
New — Haggai. Occurs 1:11. Comprehension gap only (grapes/olive oil not native Hmong highland produce); parallel handling to the Romans baseline’s grafted_olive_tree note (registry #60).
Fear Not
Approved rendering: tsis txhob ntshai
Transliteration: al-tira’u
Doctrine: The Presence and Spirit of God with His People
New — Haggai. Occurs 2:5. Stable reassurance formula, no collision.
Silver Gold Ownership
Approved rendering: nyiaj yog kuv li, kub los yog kuv li
Transliteration: li hakesef veli hazahav
Doctrine: The Coming Glory of the Temple
New — Haggai. Occurs 2:8. No collision.
Governor
Approved rendering: tus Tswv Xeev
Transliteration: pechah
Doctrine: Priorities: God’s House versus Self-Interest (Zerubbabel typology)
New — Haggai. Existing Hmong administrative term; comprehension-level only. Zerubbabel’s Davidic-messianic-lineage significance is a teaching-note matter, not a translation collision.
Proper Name Zerubbabel
Approved rendering: Xelunpanpes
Transliteration: Zerubbavel ben-She’alti’el
Doctrine: General / Cross-cutting
New — Haggai. [TRANSLATOR REVIEW NEEDED: confirm against existing Hmong Old Testament tradition.] Patronymic ‘son of Shealtiel’ may be rendered descriptively rather than transliterated separately.
Proper Name Joshua High Priest
Approved rendering: Yausua
Transliteration: Yehoshua ben-Yehotzadak
Doctrine: General / Cross-cutting
New — Haggai. [TRANSLATOR REVIEW NEEDED: confirm existing Hmong OT usage; must remain distinct from Yexus (Jesus).] Patronymic ‘son of Jehozadak’ may be rendered descriptively.
Proper Name Darius
Approved rendering: Dalis
Transliteration: Daryavesh hammelekh
Doctrine: General / Cross-cutting
New — Haggai. [TRANSLATOR REVIEW NEEDED: confirm against existing Hmong Old Testament tradition.] Historical/comprehension gap only; Persian regnal-year and Hebrew month-dating conventions merit an explanatory footnote.
Low-Medium Risk Terms
Paneled Houses
Approved rendering: lub tsev muaj txaij ntoo zoo nkauj
Transliteration: batim sefunim
Doctrine: Priorities: God’s House versus Self-Interest
New — Haggai. Occurs 1:4. Comprehension gap only (wood-paneling as a luxury marker); the emotional hinge of the Priorities doctrine, must retain contrastive force with ‘this house’ in the same verse.
Consider Your Ways
Approved rendering: tsa siab / muab siab rau ntsia koj txoj kev
Transliteration: simu levavkhem al-darkeikhem
Doctrine: Priorities: God’s House versus Self-Interest / Obedience and Blessing
New — Haggai. Fixed refrain, occurs identically at 1:5 and 1:7; must read identically at both occurrences. Reuses the established siab (liver/heart) idiom already present in the Romans baseline’s conscience (registry #29) and will_of_god (registry #77) entries.
Futility Catalog
Approved rendering: tseb noob ntau tiam sis sau tau tsawg; noj tsis tsau; haus tsis tsau siab; hnav tsis so
Transliteration: zera’tem harbeh vehave me’at, et al.
Doctrine: Obedience and Blessing
New — Haggai. Occurs 1:6. Concrete agrarian/privation imagery transfers cleanly; requires the same causal-attribution caution as other 1:6-11 items (covenant curse, not fate/hmoov or spirit-anger).
Wages Bag With Holes
Approved rendering: tau nqi zog los tso rau hauv lub hnab tawg qhov, ces poob tas
Transliteration: mistakker el-tzelochit nekuvah
Doctrine: Obedience and Blessing
New — Haggai. Occurs 1:6. Concrete debt/economy idiom parallel to the Romans baseline’s debtor entry (registry #75); causal framing must be taught explicitly as covenant consequence, not impersonal fate.
Blessing Material
Approved rendering: koob hmoov
Transliteration: avarekh (barakh)
Doctrine: Obedience and Blessing
Rejected alternatives: treating this as licensing koob hmoov for salvific grace elsewhere — FORBIDDEN, this sanctioned use is strictly limited to material/economic blessing per the inherited ‘grace’ entry above
New — Haggai. Occurs 2:19. This is the Romans TM’s own explicitly sanctioned use-case for koob hmoov (see inherited ‘grace’ entry). Requires a teaching note every occurrence: this material blessing remains a sovereign covenant response to renewed obedience, not an automatic ritual-correctness mechanism as koob hmoov functions in ordinary Hmong usage.
Signet Ring
Approved rendering: lub cim uas coj hauv looj tes
Transliteration: chotam
Doctrine: The Coming Glory of the Temple
New — Haggai. Occurs 2:23. Comprehension gap (no Hmong clan-seal equivalent); reverses Jeremiah 22:24’s judgment image against the earlier Davidic king — flag for theologian input in advanced/typological teaching.
Overthrow Kingdoms
Approved rendering: thim/rhuav cov nceeg vaj ntawm tej tebchaws
Transliteration: vehafakhti kisse mamlakhot
Doctrine: The Coming Glory of the Temple
New — Haggai. Occurs 2:22. Comprehension-level, shares the Medium cosmic-battle-imagery caution with ‘shake_heavens_and_earth’.
Medium-High Risk Terms
My Servant Royal Honorific
Approved rendering: kuv tus qhev
Transliteration: avdi
Doctrine: The Coming Glory of the Temple
Rejected alternatives: treating this identically to the Romans-baseline self-abasement doulos sense with no disambiguating note — rejected, would demean a royal-messianic honorific
New — Haggai. Occurs 2:23. Shares the lexeme with the inherited ‘servant_slave_doulos’ entry but functions as a royal-messianic honorific parallel to ‘my servant David.’ [TRANSLATOR REVIEW NEEDED: confirm whether an existing Hmong Old Testament tradition supplies a distinct honorific term before treating ‘kuv tus qhev’ as permanent for this sense.]
Prophet
Approved rendering: tus cev Vajtswv Lus
Transliteration: navi
Doctrine: General / Cross-cutting
Rejected alternatives: txiv neeb (shaman/spirit-medium) vocabulary — forbidden, would conflate the biblical prophetic office with spirit-mediumship
New — Haggai. Bridges to the Hmong social role of a message-bearer but risks assimilation to txiv neeb; same collision class as the Romans baseline’s apostle (registry #9) and priestly_minister (registry #12) cautions.