Core Glossary
Revelation — Core Glossary (Full-Book Coverage)
Doctrine key: RRC = Return & Reign of Christ · SGH = Sovereignty of God over History · PFW = Perseverance & Faithful Witness under Persecution · JWV = Judgment of the Wicked & Vindication of the Saints · NHNE = New Heaven and New Earth · CBC = Church as Bride of Christ · WL = Worship of the Lamb · SAI = Symbolic & Apocalyptic Interpretation · AFV = Assurance of God’s Final Victory over Evil
Risk key: Critical / High / Medium / Low (definitions identical to the baseline bible_term_registry.json risk_tier_definitions — reused verbatim, not redefined here.)
| # | English Term | Greek / Transliteration | Hmong Rendering | Risk | Doctrine(s) | Chapters | Status | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | God | θεός / theos | Vajtswv | Low | SGH | all | Inherited | Exact reuse of Romans baseline. |
| 2 | Lord | κύριος / kyrios | tus Tswv | Low | RRC, SGH | all | Inherited | Exact reuse; applied to God and to returning Christ (19:16). |
| 3 | Jesus Christ | Ἰησοῦς Χριστός / Iēsous Christos | Yexus Khetos | Low | all | all | Inherited | Exact reuse. |
| 4 | Father (God) | πατήρ / patēr | Leej Txiv | Low | SGH, CBC | 1, 2, 3, 14 | Inherited | Exact reuse. |
| 5 | Holy Spirit | πνεῦμα ἅγιον / pneuma hagion | Vaj Ntsuj Plig | Critical | WL, PFW | 1-3, 14, 19, 22 | Inherited | Exact reuse; extended sense “Seven Spirits” (#37) requires new teaching note. |
| 6 | Human spirit/soul (anthropological) | ψυχή / psychē | ntsuj plig | High | PFW, JWV | 6, 20 | Inherited | Applied to martyrs’ souls under the altar (6:9) and in the first resurrection (20:4); never Vaj-prefixed. |
| 7 | Son of God | υἱὸς θεοῦ / huios theou | Leej Tub ntawm Vajtswv | Low | RRC, CBC | 1, 2, 21 | Inherited | Exact reuse. |
| 8 | Gospel | εὐαγγέλιον / euangelion | Txoj Moo Zoo | Low | SGH | 14 | Inherited | ”Eternal gospel” (14:6) — reuses term plus eternal_life root. |
| 9 | Grace | χάρις / charis | txiaj ntsim | Critical | WL, NHNE | 1, 22 | Inherited | Underlies “water of life … freely” (21:6, 22:17) even where the noun itself does not appear; koob hmoov remains permanently forbidden. |
| 10 | Peace | εἰρήνη / eirēnē | kev thaj yeeb | Low | SGH | 1 | Inherited | Exact reuse in epistolary greeting (1:4). |
| 11 | Faith/believe | πίστις / pistis | kev ntseeg / ntseeg | Medium | PFW | 2, 13, 14, 17 | Inherited | Reused in “the faith of Jesus” (14:12) and negatively in the “unbelieving” vice-list (21:8). |
| 12 | Glory | δόξα / doxa | lub yeeb koob | Low | NHNE, WL | 1, 4, 5, 15, 18, 19, 21 | Inherited | Exact reuse; central to New Jerusalem’s splendor (21:11, 21:23-24). |
| 13 | Salvation/save | σωτηρία / sōtēria | kev cawm dim / cawm | High | AFV, JWV | 7, 12, 19 | Inherited | Must remain anchored to Yexus Khetos / tus Menyuam Yaj per baseline rule; appears in worship-acclamations (7:10, 19:1). |
| 14 | Power | δύναμις / dynamis | hwjchim | High | SGH, AFV | 1, 5, 7, 11, 12, 19 | Inherited | Mandatory Vajtswv hwjchim qualifier retained; frequent in doxologies. |
| 15 | Wrath of God | ὀργὴ θεοῦ / orgē theou | kev npau taws ntawm Vajtswv | High | JWV | 6, 11, 14, 16, 19 | Inherited | Extended explicitly to Christ as “wrath of the Lamb” (6:16) — see #40. |
| 16 | Idol | εἴδωλον / eidōlon | dab mlom | High | WL, JWV | 9, 21, 22 | Inherited | Underlies “image of the beast” (#54) and vice-list “idolaters” (21:8). |
| 17 | Redemption | ἀπολύτρωσις / apolytrōsis (concept); ἀγοράζω / agorazō (“purchased”) | kev txhiv | Medium | WL, CBC | 5, 14 | Inherited | ”You were purchased/redeemed by your blood” (5:9); “purchased as firstfruits” (14:4). |
| 18 | Heir | κληρονόμος / klēronomos | tus qub txeeg qub teg | Low | CBC, NHNE | 21 | Inherited | ”The one who overcomes will inherit these things” (21:7). |
| 19 | Adoption as sons | υἱοθεσία (concept) | raug muab coj los ua me tub (ntawm Vajtswv) | Medium | CBC, NHNE | 21 | Inherited | ”I will be his God and he will be my son” (21:7). |
| 20 | Kingdom of God | βασιλεία τοῦ θεοῦ / basileia tou theou | lub Nceeg Vaj ntawm Vajtswv | Low | RRC, SGH | 1, 11, 12 | Inherited | ”The kingdom of the world has become the kingdom of our Lord” (11:15). |
| 21 | Scripture | γραφή (concept: “prophecy of this book”) | Vaj Lug Kub | Low | SAI | 22 | Inherited | Applied to “this book” as inspired prophetic Scripture (22:18-19). |
| 22 | Servant/bondservant | δοῦλος / doulos | qhev | High | WL, PFW | 1, 2, 6, 7, 19, 22 | Inherited | Consistently applied to believers/John (1:1) and to worshiping servants (22:3); honored-bondservice teaching note retained. |
| 23 | Nations/Gentiles | ἔθνη / ethnē | lwm Haiv Neeg | Low | NHNE, SGH | 5, 7, 11, 14, 15, 21, 22 | Inherited | ”Healing of the nations” (22:2); “kings of the earth” contexts. |
| 24 | Creation | κτίσις / ktisis | tej uas raug tsim los | Low | NHNE | 21 | Inherited | Underlies “new heaven and new earth” (see #38). |
| 25 | Death | θάνατος / thanatos | txoj kev tuag | Low | NHNE, JWV | 1, 6, 20, 21 | Inherited | Kept distinct from “second death” (#31). |
| 26 | Love | ἀγάπη / agapē | kev hlub | Low | PFW | 2 | Inherited | ”You have abandoned the love you had at first” (2:4). |
| 27 | Hope | ἐλπίς (concept, implicit) | kev cia siab | Low | AFV | 21, 22 | Inherited | Underlies the whole promissory structure of chs. 21-22. |
| 28 | Mercy | ἔλεος (concept, implicit) | txoj kev khuv leej | Medium | JWV | 18 | Inherited | Implicit in the call to flee Babylon before judgment; kept distinct from grace. |
| 29 | Firstfruits | ἀπαρχή / aparchē | thawj phaus qoob loo / cov ua ntej | Low-Medium | WL | 14 | Inherited | ”Purchased from mankind as firstfruits for God and the Lamb” (14:4). |
| 30 | Book of Revelation (title) | ἀποκάλυψις / apokalypsis | Tsab Ntawv Qhia Tshwm (Qhia Tshwm) | Low-Medium | SAI | 1 | New (Revelation) | Establishes the book’s Hmong citation-name, parallel to “Loos” for Romans. |
| 31 | Second death | ὁ θάνατος ὁ δεύτερος / ho thanatos ho deuteros | txoj kev tuag zaum ob | High | JWV | 2, 20, 21 | New (Revelation) | Must be kept distinct from ordinary/first death (#25); no cyclical/reincarnation reading. |
| 32 | Lake of fire | λίμνη τοῦ πυρός / limnē tou pyros | lub Pas Cub Tawg Taws | High | JWV | 19, 20, 21 | New (Revelation) | Must be distinguished from the ancestral spirit-realm (yeeb ceeb); final, irreversible. |
| 33 | Lamb | ἀρνίον / arnion | tus Menyuam Yaj | Critical | WL, CBC, RRC | 5-7, 12-15, 17, 19, 21, 22 | New (Revelation) | Central christological title; always anchored to “as though slain” (5:6) plus sovereign reign. |
| 34 | Dragon / Satan / devil / ancient serpent | δράκων, Σατανᾶς, Διάβολος, ὄφις ὁ ἀρχαῖος | tus Zaj (Dab Ntxwg Nyoog / Xatas), tus Nab qub qub | Critical | AFV, JWV | 12, 13, 16, 20 | New (Revelation) | Mandatory 12:9 identification clause at every occurrence; dragon is a revered figure in Hmong cultural heritage, requiring explicit inversion-guarding. |
| 35 | Beast (from the sea) | θηρίον / thērion | tus Tsiaj | High | JWV, SAI | 11, 13-17, 19, 20 | New (Revelation) | Must not be confused with ordinary animals or shamanic animal-spirit familiars. |
| 36 | Beast (from the earth) / false prophet | θηρίον ἐκ τῆς γῆς; ψευδοπροφήτης | tus Tsiaj (tuaj hauv av); tus cev lus dag | High | JWV, SAI | 13, 16, 19, 20 | New (Revelation) | Requires careful framing distinct from a blanket condemnation of shamanic religious specialists. |
| 37 | Seven Spirits | ἑπτὰ πνεύματα / hepta pneumata | xya Vaj Ntsuj Plig | Critical | WL, SGH | 1, 3, 4, 5 | New (Revelation) | Symbolic fullness of the ONE Holy Spirit — not seven separate spirit-beings. |
| 38 | New heaven and new earth | καινὸς οὐρανός, καινὴ γῆ / kainos ouranos, kainē gē | ib lub ntuj tshiab thiab ib lub ntiajteb tshiab | Medium | NHNE | 21 | New (Revelation) | Qualitative (kainos) re-creation, not renovation. |
| 39 | New Jerusalem | ἡ καινὴ Ἰερουσαλήμ / hē kainē Ierousalēm | lub Nroog Yeluxalees Tshiab | Medium | NHNE, CBC | 3, 21 | New (Revelation) | Paired with dawb huv (holy city); comprehension gap for architectural/gemstone imagery. |
| 40 | Bride | νύμφη / nymphē | tus Nkauj Nyab | Medium | CBC | 19, 21, 22 | New (Revelation) | Positive marriage-custom bridge; caution re: exclusive/singular Bride vs. Hmong historical polygamy custom. |
| 41 | Marriage supper of the Lamb | γάμος τοῦ ἀρνίου / gamos tou arniou | rooj noj rooj haus qhab nkauj ntawm tus Menyuam Yaj | Medium | CBC, WL | 19 | New (Revelation) | Same exclusivity caution as #40. |
| 42 | Alpha and Omega / First and Last | Ἄλφα καὶ Ὦ / Alpha kai Ō | Alas thiab Aumeka, thawj thiab qhov kawg | Medium | SGH, RRC | 1, 21, 22 | New (Revelation) | First-occurrence footnote on Greek alphabet required; paired always with the native gloss. |
| 43 | He who is, was, and is to come | ὁ ὢν καὶ ὁ ἦν καὶ ὁ ἐρχόμενος | tus uas tau muaj nyob, muaj nyob tam sim no, thiab yuav tuaj | High | SGH | 1, 4 | New (Revelation) | Never rendered with hmoov (fate) vocabulary for “is to come,” per Romans baseline’s permanent prohibition on fate-language for divine sovereignty. |
| 44 | Faithful witness / martyr (extended sense) | μάρτυς πιστός / martys pistos | tus timkhawv ncaj ncees | High | PFW | 1, 2, 6, 11, 17 | New (Revelation) | Extends baseline tus timkhawv (Low) to the martyrdom sense; risk elevated to High for this extended usage specifically. |
| 45 | Priest | ἱερεύς / hiereus | pov thawj | High | WL, SGH | 1, 5, 20 | New (Revelation) | Must not be conflated with the shamanic txiv neeb religious-specialist role, paralleling the Romans baseline leitourgos caution. |
| 46 | In the Spirit (visionary state) | ἐν πνεύματι / en pneumati | nyob hauv Vaj Ntsuj Plig | Critical | SAI | 1, 4, 17, 21 | New (Revelation) | Mandatory distinction from shamanic trance/soul-journey (ua neeb); a sovereign, unrepeatable Spirit-given experience, not a learnable technique. |
| 47 | Keys of Death and Hades / Hades personified | κλεῖς τοῦ θανάτου καὶ τοῦ Ἅιδου | tej yuam sij ntawm Kev Tuag thiab Ntuj Tuag Teb | Critical | AFV, JWV | 1, 6, 20 | New (Revelation) | Mandatory distinction from the Hmong ancestral spirit-realm (yeeb ceeb); temporary, fully subject to Christ. |
| 48 | Repent | μετανοέω / metanoeō | ntxeev dua siab | Medium | PFW | 2, 3, 9, 16 | New (Revelation) | Kept distinct from the baseline renewal_of_the_mind (hloov siab tshiab). |
| 49 | Crown of life | στέφανος τῆς ζωῆς / stephanos tēs zōēs | mom kub ntawm txoj sia | Low-Medium | PFW | 2 | New (Revelation) | Athletic/military victor’s-wreath imagery; comprehension gap only. |
| 50 | Book of Life | βίβλος τῆς ζωῆς / biblos tēs zōēs | phau Ntawv Sia | Medium | JWV | 3, 13, 17, 20, 21, 22 | New (Revelation) | Comprehension bridge via clan genealogical records; not a merit-ledger. |
| 51 | Throne | θρόνος / thronos | lub Zwm Txwv | Low | SGH, RRC | 1, 3-5, 7, 8, 11, 12, 14, 16, 19-22 | New (Revelation) | Reserved for God/Christ; negative uses (Beast’s throne) always explicitly marked. |
| 52 | Twenty-four elders | πρεσβύτεροι / presbyteroi | tus Txwj Laus | Low-Medium | WL | 4, 5, 7, 11, 14, 19 | New (Revelation) | Strong positive Hmong elder-respect bridge; represents redeemed/heavenly council, not literal village elders. |
| 53 | Four living creatures | ζῷα / zōa | tsiaj muaj sia | Medium | WL | 4-6, 14, 15, 19 | New (Revelation) | Heavenly cherubic worship-beings; never animal-spirit familiars. |
| 54 | Holy (attribute of God) / Trisagion | ἅγιος / hagios | dawb huv | Critical | WL | 4, 6, 15 | New (Revelation) | Reuses the Critical baseline sanctification root; here an attribute of God’s transcendent being, distinct from ritual purity. |
| 55 | Sea of glass | θάλασσα ὑαλίνη / thalassa hyalinē | hiavtxwv uas zoo li iav | Low-Medium | WL | 4, 15 | New (Revelation) | Comprehension gap only. |
| 56 | Scroll with seven seals | βιβλίον, σφραγίς / biblion, sphragis | daim ntawv kaw nrog xya lub Cim | Medium | SGH, WL | 5, 6, 8 | New (Revelation) | Underlying sphragis word-family also produces #57 and #61 (Critical) — kept contextually distinct. |
| 57 | Incense = prayers of the saints | θυμίαμα / thymiama | roj tsw qab, uas yog cov ntseeg tej lus thov Vajtswv | Critical | WL | 5, 8 | New (Revelation) | Mandatory symbolic (non-ritual-replicable) framing; direct collision with ancestor-incense practice. |
| 58 | Blood of the Lamb | αἷμα τοῦ ἀρνίου / haima tou arniou | cov Ntshav ntawm tus Menyuam Yaj | Critical | WL, PFW, AFV | 5, 7, 12 | New (Revelation) | Once-for-all, non-repeatable; extends Romans baseline propitiation doctrine; direct collision with animal blood-sacrifice/appeasement practice. |
| 59 | New song | ᾆσμα καινόν / asma kainon | zaj nkauj tshiab | Low | WL | 5, 14 | New (Revelation) | Comprehension-level only. |
| 60 | Four horsemen | ἵππος (four colors) | plaub tug nees (dawb, liab, dub, dawb-ntsuab) | Medium | SGH, SAI | 6 | New (Revelation) | Symbolic categories of historical judgment, not independent occult powers. |
| 61 | Seal of God (on the forehead) | σφραγίς / sphragis | lub Cim ntawm Vajtswv | High | SGH, AFV | 7, 9, 14 | New (Revelation) | Mandatory contrast with mark of the Beast (#65); God’s gracious ownership-mark, not a purchasable charm. |
| 62 | 144,000 / twelve tribes | ἑκατὸν τεσσεράκοντα τέσσαρες χιλιάδες / δώδεκα φυλαί | ib puas plaub caug plaub txhiab leej / kaum ob Xeem Yixalayees | Medium | SGH, SAI | 7, 14 | New (Revelation) | Positive xeem (clan) bridge; must not over-identify with literal Hmong clan structure. |
| 63 | Abyss / bottomless pit | ἄβυσσος / abyssos | lub Qhov Tsis Muaj Qab | Medium-High | AFV, SGH | 9, 11, 17, 20 | New (Revelation) | Risk of conflation with the animistic underworld/spirit-realm; God’s exclusive custodial control. |
| 64 | Demons | δαιμόνια / daimonia | dab | Medium-High | AFV | 9, 16, 18 | New (Revelation) | The one context where baseline-flagged dab is the doctrinally correct term; pastoral care re: not equating with ancestor spirits specifically. |
| 65 | Mark of the beast | χάραγμα τοῦ θηρίου / charagma tou thēriou | cim ntawm tus Tsiaj | Critical | JWV, AFV | 13, 14, 16, 19, 20 | New (Revelation) | Highest single collision risk in the book; mandatory contrastive pairing with seal of God (#61). |
| 66 | Image of the beast | εἰκὼν τοῦ θηρίου / eikōn tou thēriou | tus Duab ntawm tus Tsiaj | High | JWV, WL | 13-16, 19, 20 | New (Revelation) | Directly related to baseline idol (dab mlom) entry; forced-worship scenario intensifies collision. |
| 67 | Number of the beast, 666 | ἀριθμὸς τοῦ θηρίου / arithmos tou thēriou | tus Naj Npawb ntawm tus Tsiaj: rau puas rau caum-rau | Medium-High | SAI | 13 | New (Revelation) | Symbolic/riddling number; must not be treated as fate-determining or used for private numerology. |
| 68 | Accuser | κατήγορος / katēgoros | tus Foob Txim | Medium | AFV | 12 | New (Revelation) | Legal-metaphor bridge; consistent with existing village-court judgment idiom. |
| 69 | Overcome/conquer | νικάω / nikaō | kov yeej | Medium | PFW, AFV | 2, 3, 5, 6, 11, 12, 15, 17, 21 | New (Revelation) | Victory through faithful endurance and the Lamb’s triumph, never worldly/military/prosperity conquest. |
| 70 | Winepress of the wrath of God | ληνὸς τοῦ θυμοῦ τοῦ θεοῦ / lēnos tou thymou tou theou | qhov tsuam txiv hmab ntawm Vajtswv txoj kev npau taws | Low-Medium | JWV | 14 | New (Revelation) | Comprehension gap (winepress technology), no collision. |
| 71 | Armageddon | Ἁρμαγεδών / Harmagedōn | Amakedoos | Low | SGH, AFV | 16 | New (Revelation) | Proper-noun transliteration; log for TM-revision. |
| 72 | Great prostitute / Babylon the Great | πόρνη ἡ μεγάλη, Βαβυλὼν ἡ μεγάλη | tus poj muag cev loj; Npabiloos Loj | Medium | JWV, SAI | 14, 16-19 | New (Revelation) | Register/sensitivity concern; symbolic system, not a special personal-sin category. |
| 73 | Beast that was, is not, and is to come (parody) | τὸ θηρίον … ἦν καὶ οὐκ ἔστιν καὶ μέλλει | tus Tsiaj … twb muaj los lawm, tam sim no tsis muaj, thiab yuav rov qab tuaj | High | SAI, AFV | 17 | New (Revelation) | Deliberate satanic parody of the divine eternality title (#43); must be taught explicitly as literary counterfeit. |
| 74 | Come out of her, my people | Ἐξέλθατε ἐξ αὐτῆς, ὁ λαός μου | Cov neeg kuv, cia li tawm hauv nws mus | Low-Medium | PFW | 18 | New (Revelation) | Reuses laos (people) concept established at 21:3. |
| 75 | Bride’s fine linen = righteous deeds of the saints | βύσσινον, δικαιώματα τῶν ἁγίων | cov ntaub tsho mos dawb … cov ntseeg tej haujlwm ncaj ncees | Critical | CBC | 19 | New (Revelation) | Must be anchored to Romans baseline forensic righteousness doctrine — fruit, not ground, of acceptance. |
| 76 | Word of God (Logos, divine title) | ὁ Λόγος τοῦ Θεοῦ / ho Logos tou Theou | Txoj Lus ntawm Vajtswv | Medium | RRC | 19 | New (Revelation) | Comprehension-level if existing wider Hmong Bible tradition (John’s Gospel) usage is followed; log for TM-revision confirmation. |
| 77 | Thousand years (millennium) | χίλια ἔτη / chilia etē | ib txhiab xyoo | Low-Medium | RRC | 20 | New (Revelation) | Interpretive-diversity caution note required, not a lexical fix. |
| 78 | First resurrection | ἡ ἀνάστασις ἡ πρώτη / hē anastasis hē prōtē | kev sawv rov qab thawj zaug | Medium | JWV, PFW | 20 | New (Revelation) | No cyclical/reincarnation reading. |
| 79 | Gog and Magog | Γὼγ καὶ Μαγώγ | Kau thiab Makau | Low | AFV | 20 | New (Revelation) | Proper-noun transliteration; log for TM-revision. |
| 80 | Great White Throne | θρόνος μέγας λευκός / thronos megas leukos | lub Zwm Txwv Dawb Loj | Low-Medium | JWV | 20 | New (Revelation) | Reuses #51 (throne) and dawb (white/pure) root. |
| 81 | No more curse | οὐκ ἔσται ἔτι κατάρα / ouk estai eti katara | tsis muaj lus foom tsis zoo ntxiv lawm | High | NHNE, AFV | 22 | New (Revelation) | Cosmic Genesis-curse reversal, not merely personal/familial curse-removal; pastoral sensitivity required. |
| 82 | Bow down/worship (proskyneō) | προσκυνέω / proskyneō | txhos caug pe / pe hawm | Critical | WL | 3-5, 7, 9, 11, 13-16, 19, 22 | New (Revelation) | THE central worship-gesture verb; mandatory object-anchoring and rightful/forbidden-object contrast at every occurrence; overlaps physically with ancestor-veneration prostration. |
| 83 | Sorcery/sorcerers | φαρμακεία / pharmakeia | kev ua khawv koob | Critical | JWV | 9, 18, 21, 22 | New (Revelation) | Requires pastoral-sensitivity framing alongside doctrinal clarity given living shamanic practice in Hmong communities. |
| 84 | Tree of life | ξύλον τῆς ζωῆς / xylon tēs zōēs | tsob Ntoo Txoj Sia | Low-Medium | NHNE | 2, 22 | New (Revelation) | Edenic restoration; agrarian comprehension bridge. |
| 85 | Water of life | ὕδωρ ζωῆς / hydōr zōēs | dej ntawm Txoj Sia | Low-Medium | NHNE, WL | 21, 22 | New (Revelation) | Paired with “freely/without cost,” reinforcing the grace doctrine. |
| 86 | These words are trustworthy and true; do not add/take away | πιστοὶ καὶ ἀληθινοί; μὴ ἐπιθῇς, μὴ ἀφέλῃς | cov lus no ncaj thiab tseeb; tsis txhob ntxiv rau, tsis txhob rho ib qho tawm | High | SAI | 21, 22 | New (Revelation) | Canon-guarding statement; grounds responsible (non-numerological, non-speculative) symbolic interpretation. |
End of Core Glossary — 86 entries; every chapter of Revelation represented; all baseline Romans TM overlaps reused verbatim per governing requirements.
Critical Risk Terms
Holy Spirit
Approved rendering: Vaj Ntsuj Plig
Transliteration: pneuma hagion / pneuma hagiōsynēs
Doctrine: Worship of the Lamb
Rejected alternatives: bare ntsuj plig — rejected, animistic wandering-soul referent
Inherited from Romans package. The mandatory ‘Vaj’ prefix must never be dropped, especially since Revelation also uses bare anthropological ‘ntsuj plig’ for martyrs’ souls in close narrative proximity (ch. 6, 20) — the two must never be confusable.
Grace
Approved rendering: txiaj ntsim
Transliteration: charis
Doctrine: The New Heaven and New Earth
Rejected alternatives: koob hmoov — PERMANENTLY FORBIDDEN
Inherited from Romans package. Underlies the free ‘water of life’ gift (21:6, 22:17) even where the noun does not appear; the ‘freely/without cost’ qualifier must be preserved every time.
Righteousness Of God Righteous
Approved rendering: Vajtswv txoj kev ncaj ncees / tus ncaj ncees
Transliteration: dikaiosynē theou / dikaios
Doctrine: The Church as Bride of Christ
Rejected alternatives: bare ‘kev ncaj ncees’ without reckoning qualifier — rejected
Inherited from Romans package. Load-bearing for the Bride’s ‘righteous deeds’ (19:8) — righteous deeds are fruit, never ground, of acceptance.
Justify Reckon As Righteous
Approved rendering: ua kom ncaj ncees / raug suav tias ncaj ncees
Transliteration: dikaioō / logizomai
Doctrine: The Church as Bride of Christ
Rejected alternatives: ‘ua zoo’ (do good) framing — rejected
Inherited from Romans package. Must anchor every reading of Revelation 19:8’s ‘righteous deeds of the saints’ so the canon’s climax does not appear to reverse sola fide.
Propitiation Atoning Sacrifice
Approved rendering: qhov theej txhoj kev txhaum
Transliteration: hilastērion
Doctrine: Worship of the Lamb
Rejected alternatives: transliterated loanword — rejected, bare ‘qhov theej’ without once-for-all clause — rejected
Inherited from Romans package. Doctrinal basis extended by Revelation’s ‘blood of the Lamb’ imagery (5:9, 7:14, 12:11); must remain once-for-all and unrepeatable.
Sanctification
Approved rendering: kev raug ua kom dawb huv
Transliteration: hagiasmos / hagios
Doctrine: Worship of the Lamb
Rejected alternatives: treating dawb huv as repeatable ritual cleansing — rejected
Inherited from Romans package; risk elevated to Critical in this curriculum because the same ‘dawb huv’ root is reused for the Trisagion (‘Holy, holy, holy,’ ch. 4, 6, 15) and for the Holy City (21:2), where it functions as an attribute of God’s transcendent being/consecrated status, distinct from the folk ritual-purity-from-spirit-contamination sense flagged in the Romans baseline.
Seven Spirits
Approved rendering: xya Vaj Ntsuj Plig
Transliteration: hepta pneumata
Doctrine: Worship of the Lamb
Rejected alternatives: reading as seven distinct spirit-beings — FORBIDDEN
New term — Revelation Language Package v1.0. Reuses the Critical ‘Vaj Ntsuj Plig’ root, numerically extended; mandatory teaching note at every occurrence (1:4, 3:1, 4:5, 5:6) that this denotes the ONE Holy Spirit’s complete ministry, never seven separate spirit-beings, to prevent assimilation into Hmong animism’s populated multi-spirit cosmology.
Lamb
Approved rendering: tus Menyuam Yaj
Transliteration: arnion
Doctrine: Worship of the Lamb
Rejected alternatives: a merely gentle/innocuous rendering divorced from sacrificial atonement — rejected
New term — Revelation Language Package v1.0. The book’s central christological title (28 occurrences). Must always be anchored to the Lamb ‘as though slain’ (5:6) while standing/reigning, preserving both atoning-death and sovereign-victory senses simultaneously; extends and never contradicts the Romans baseline propitiation doctrine.
Dragon Satan Devil Serpent
Approved rendering: tus Zaj (Dab Ntxwg Nyoog / Xatas), tus Nab qub qub
Transliteration: ho drakōn, ho ophis ho archaios, ho Diabolos, ho Satanas
Doctrine: Symbolic and Apocalyptic Interpretation
Rejected alternatives: unqualified ‘tus Zaj’ — FORBIDDEN without the 12:9 identification clause
New term — Revelation Language Package v1.0. In Hmong and regional cultural heritage the dragon is a REVERED, protective mythic figure; the explicit 12:9 identification clause (dragon = ancient serpent = devil = Satan) is a MANDATORY qualifier at every occurrence, functioning identically to the Romans baseline’s mandatory qualifiers for hwjchim/Txoj Kevcai.
Mark Of The Beast
Approved rendering: cim ntawm tus Tsiaj
Transliteration: to charagma tou thēriou
Doctrine: Judgment of the Wicked and Vindication of the Saints
Rejected alternatives: presenting the mark in isolation from the seal of God — FORBIDDEN
New term — Revelation Language Package v1.0. The single highest cross-cultural collision risk in the book, echoing Hmong protective marks/threads (siv yig) obtained via shamanic ritual. MUST always be taught in explicit contrastive pairing with the seal of God (seal_of_god entry) — never left to stand alone.
Proskyneo Bow Down Worship
Approved rendering: txhos caug pe / pe hawm
Transliteration: proskyneō
Doctrine: Worship of the Lamb
Rejected alternatives: unanchored/objectless ‘pe hawm’ — FORBIDDEN
New term — Revelation Language Package v1.0. THE central worship-gesture verb (12 occurrences), the exact physical prostration gesture used in Hmong ancestor veneration (pe hawm poj koob yawm txwv). MANDATORY object-anchoring at every occurrence, with rightful (God/Lamb) vs. forbidden (Beast/idol/angel) objects always distinguished; 22:8-9’s angel-refusal is the canonical anchor-text.
Incense Prayers Of The Saints
Approved rendering: roj tsw qab, uas yog cov ntseeg tej lus thov Vajtswv
Transliteration: thymiamata, hai eisin hai proseuchai tōn hagiōn
Doctrine: Worship of the Lamb
Rejected alternatives: presenting incense as a ritual believers should replicate — FORBIDDEN
New term — Revelation Language Package v1.0. Incense-burning is the central ritual act of Hmong ancestor/spirit veneration. Must always be taught with the text’s own interpretive key (‘which are the prayers of the saints’) repeated in the same breath — a SYMBOL, never a literal ritual to reenact.
Holy Holy Holy Trisagion
Approved rendering: Dawb huv, dawb huv, dawb huv
Transliteration: Hagios hagios hagios
Doctrine: Worship of the Lamb
New term — Revelation Language Package v1.0. Reuses the Critical baseline sanctification root; here an attribute of God’s own transcendent moral purity/otherness (ch. 4, 6, 15), distinct from the ritual-purity-from-spirit-contamination sense flagged in the Romans baseline.
Blood Of The Lamb
Approved rendering: cov Ntshav ntawm tus Menyuam Yaj
Transliteration: to haima tou arniou
Doctrine: Worship of the Lamb
Rejected alternatives: presenting as one blood-offering among many, repeatable — FORBIDDEN
New term — Revelation Language Package v1.0. Direct collision risk with Hmong animal-blood sacrifice/offering to spirits and ancestors. Must be taught as Christ’s once-for-all, sufficient, unrepeatable sacrifice, extending the Romans baseline propitiation doctrine into Revelation’s worship scenes (5:9, 7:14, 12:11).
Sorcery Sorcerers
Approved rendering: kev ua khawv koob
Transliteration: pharmakeia / pharmakoi
Doctrine: Judgment of the Wicked and Vindication of the Saints
New term — Revelation Language Package v1.0. Directly names practices overlapping with living Hmong shamanic/occult ritual practice. Requires careful, non-inflammatory pastoral framing distinguishing biblical condemnation of manipulative occult practice from respectful treatment of family members practicing traditional religion, while remaining doctrinally unambiguous (9:21, 18:23, 21:8, 22:15).
Keys Of Death And Hades
Approved rendering: tej yuam sij ntawm Kev Tuag thiab Ntuj Tuag Teb
Transliteration: hai kleis tou thanatou kai tou Hadou
Doctrine: Assurance of God’s Final Victory over Evil
Rejected alternatives: transliterated Greek loanword (‘Hadis’) — rejected, would evade rather than resolve the yeeb ceeb collision
New term — Revelation Language Package v1.0. Personified ‘Hades’ (rendered natively as ‘Ntuj Tuag Teb,’ realm of the dead) risks conflation with the populated, ritually-accessible Hmong ancestral spirit-realm (yeeb ceeb); must be taught as a temporary custodial state fully subject to Christ’s authority, decisively proven when Death and Hades are finally emptied and judged (20:13-14).
Bride Fine Linen Righteous Deeds
Approved rendering: cov ntaub tsho mos dawb … uas yog cov ntseeg tej haujlwm ncaj ncees
Transliteration: to byssinon … ta dikaiōmata tōn hagiōn
Doctrine: The Church as Bride of Christ
Rejected alternatives: presenting righteous deeds as the ground rather than fruit of acceptance — FORBIDDEN, would reverse sola fide at the canon’s climax
New term — Revelation Language Package v1.0. Must never appear without the Romans-baseline forensic-righteousness anchor (justify_reckon_as_righteous); the single highest-stakes cross-book doctrinal-reuse risk in the curriculum (19:8).
In The Spirit Visionary State
Approved rendering: nyob hauv Vaj Ntsuj Plig
Transliteration: en pneumati
Doctrine: Symbolic and Apocalyptic Interpretation
Rejected alternatives: framing as a repeatable/learnable technique — FORBIDDEN
New term — Revelation Language Package v1.0. Superficially resembles shamanic trance/soul-journey (ua neeb, ncig ntuj). MUST be explicitly and repeatedly distinguished: John’s experience is the sovereign, unrepeatable, Scripture-producing initiative of the one Holy Spirit upon an apostle (1:10, 4:2, 17:3, 21:10).
Vice List Excluded From New Jerusalem
Approved rendering: cov ntshai, cov tsis ntseeg, cov uas ua kev qias vuab tsuab, cov tua neeg, cov deev luag, cov ua khawv koob, cov pe hawm dab mlom, thiab txhua tus dag
Transliteration: deiloi, apistoi, ebdelygmenoi, phoneis, pornoi, pharmakoi, eidōlolatrai, pseudeis
Doctrine: Judgment of the Wicked and Vindication of the Saints
Rejected alternatives: softening ‘sorcerers’ to avoid naming shamanic practice — rejected, doctrinal clarity must be preserved
New term — Revelation Language Package v1.0. Core passage term (21:8). ‘Cov ua khawv koob’ (sorcerers) directly names practices overlapping with living Hmong shamanic/occult practice and requires careful, non-inflammatory pastoral framing; ‘cov pe hawm dab mlom’ correctly reuses the idol/proskyneō entries.
High Risk Terms
Human Spirit Soul
Approved rendering: ntsuj plig
Transliteration: psychē / pneuma (anthropological)
Doctrine: Perseverance and Faithful Witness under Persecution
Rejected alternatives: Vaj Ntsuj Plig — forbidden for this referent
Inherited from Romans package. Applied to the martyrs’ souls under the altar (6:9) and those in the first resurrection (20:4). Must be taught as conscious, vindicated souls of martyrs actively petitioning God — never as ancestral spirits requiring ritual appeasement or attention from the living.
Servant Slave Doulos
Approved rendering: qhev
Transliteration: doulos
Doctrine: Worship of the Lamb
Rejected alternatives: koom tes (co-worker) softening — rejected
Inherited from Romans package. Applied to John (1:1) and to God’s worshiping servants (22:3, 22:6); honored-bondservice teaching note must be retained, especially at 22:3 where it is paired with rightful worship (pe hawm).
Wrath Of God
Approved rendering: kev npau taws ntawm Vajtswv
Transliteration: orgē theou
Doctrine: Judgment of the Wicked and Vindication of the Saints
Rejected alternatives: unqualified ‘npau taws’ — rejected
Inherited from Romans package. Explicitly extended to Christ as ‘kev npau taws ntawm tus Menyuam Yaj’ (wrath of the Lamb, 6:16) — see wrath_of_the_lamb entry below.
Idol
Approved rendering: dab mlom
Transliteration: eidōlon
Doctrine: Worship of the Lamb
Rejected alternatives: generic ‘statue’ softening — rejected
Inherited from Romans package. Underlies ‘image of the beast’ (13:14-15) and ‘idolaters’ in the 21:8 vice-list; must not be softened.
Foreknow Predestine
Approved rendering: twb paub ua ntej lawm / twm chaw ua ntej lawm
Transliteration: proginōskō / proorizō
Doctrine: The Sovereignty of God over History
Rejected alternatives: hmoov (fate) vocabulary — rejected
Inherited from Romans package. Cited in this curriculum as the direct precedent-collision for the divine-eternality title ‘he who is, was, and is to come’ — same permanent prohibition on fate-vocabulary applies.
Power
Approved rendering: hwjchim
Transliteration: dynamis
Doctrine: The Sovereignty of God over History
Rejected alternatives: bare, unqualified hwjchim — FORBIDDEN
Inherited from Romans package. Frequent in doxologies (1:16, 5:12, 7:12, 11:17, 12:10, 19:1); mandatory ‘Vajtswv hwjchim’ qualifier retained even inside dense doxological attribute-strings, never a bare list item.
Salvation Save
Approved rendering: kev cawm dim / cawm
Transliteration: sōtēria / sōzō
Doctrine: Assurance of God’s Final Victory over Evil
Rejected alternatives: unanchored ‘dim’ parallel to shamanic soul-rescue — rejected
Inherited from Romans package. Celebrated in the great multitude’s worship-acclamations (7:10, 19:1); must remain anchored to Yexus Khetos / tus Menyuam Yaj as agent, especially where the anchor could otherwise be assumed rather than stated.
Living Sacrifice
Approved rendering: khoom fij uas muaj txoj sia nyob
Transliteration: thysia zōsa
Doctrine: Worship of the Lamb
Rejected alternatives: unqualified ‘fij’ identical to spirit-appeasement offering language — rejected
Inherited from Romans package. Cited as the background contrast-term for the incense (5:8, 8:3-4) and blood-of-the-Lamb imagery, which sit in the same sacrificial-offering (fij) domain and must be kept explicitly distinct from both ethical devotion and literal appeasement.
Worship Serve Cultic
Approved rendering: pehawm / pab teev
Transliteration: latreuō
Doctrine: Worship of the Lamb
Rejected alternatives: bare, unanchored pehawm — FORBIDDEN
Inherited from Romans package. Object must always be stated (‘pehawm Vajtswv’). Combined at 22:3 with ‘qhev’ (servant) forming a composite Critical-adjacent instance requiring both teaching notes together.
He Who Is Was Is To Come
Approved rendering: tus uas tau muaj nyob, muaj nyob tam sim no, thiab yuav tuaj
Transliteration: ho ōn kai ho ēn kai ho erchomenos
Doctrine: The Sovereignty of God over History
Rejected alternatives: hmoov (fate) vocabulary for the ‘is to come’ clause — PERMANENTLY FORBIDDEN
New term — Revelation Language Package v1.0. Divine eternality/sovereignty title (1:4, 1:8, 4:8); satanically parodied at 17:8 (‘was, is not, and is to come’) — the true title and its parody must always be taught in direct contrast, never in isolation.
Faithful Witness Martyr Extended
Approved rendering: tus timkhawv ncaj ncees
Transliteration: ho martys ho pistos
Doctrine: Perseverance and Faithful Witness under Persecution
New term — Revelation Language Package v1.0. Extends the baseline ‘tus timkhawv’ (Low) to the martyrdom sense (1:5, 2:13, 6:9, 11:3-12, 17:6). This semantic shift (‘testifies’ -> ‘dies for testifying’) is not automatic in the bare Hmong noun and requires a mandatory narrative anchor (a concrete martyrdom referent) at every occurrence, not merely a qualifier phrase.
Beast From The Sea
Approved rendering: tus Tsiaj (tuaj hauv hiavtxwv)
Transliteration: thērion anabainon ek tēs thalassēs
Doctrine: Judgment of the Wicked and Vindication of the Saints
Rejected alternatives: confusion with neutral ‘tsiaj’ (ordinary animal) — must be marked
New term — Revelation Language Package v1.0. Must never be confused with ordinary domestic/wild animals or with animal-spirit familiars associated with shamanic practice (txiv neeb); capitalized/marked usage and explicit persecutor-narrative framing must always accompany the term.
Beast From The Earth False Prophet
Approved rendering: tus Tsiaj (tuaj hauv av); tus cev lus dag
Transliteration: thērion ek tēs gēs; ho pseudoprophētēs
Doctrine: Judgment of the Wicked and Vindication of the Saints
New term — Revelation Language Package v1.0. ‘Tus cev lus dag’ risks being heard as commentary on the shamanic prophetic/spirit-medium role (txiv neeb); must be taught as one specific end-times deceiver, not a blanket condemnation of all traditional religious specialists, while remaining doctrinally unambiguous.
Image Of The Beast
Approved rendering: tus Duab ntawm tus Tsiaj
Transliteration: hē eikōn tou thēriou
Doctrine: Worship of the Lamb
New term — Revelation Language Package v1.0. Directly related to the baseline ‘dab mlom’ (idol) entry; the forced-worship scenario intensifies the collision.
Number Of The Beast 666
Approved rendering: tus Naj Npawb ntawm tus Tsiaj: rau puas rau caum-rau
Transliteration: ho arithmos tou thēriou, hexakosioi hexēkonta hex
Doctrine: Symbolic and Apocalyptic Interpretation
Rejected alternatives: treatment as a fate-determining or magical number — FORBIDDEN
New term — Revelation Language Package v1.0. Must be explicitly taught as a literary-symbolic identification riddle, never as material for private numerological/fate (hmoov) speculation.
Beast Parody Was Is Not Is To Come
Approved rendering: tus Tsiaj … twb muaj los lawm, tam sim no tsis muaj, thiab yuav rov qab tuaj
Transliteration: to thērion … ēn kai ouk estin kai mellei
Doctrine: Symbolic and Apocalyptic Interpretation
New term — Revelation Language Package v1.0. A deliberate satanic parody of the divine eternality title (he_who_is_was_is_to_come); must be explicitly taught as literary counterfeit at every occurrence, never presented in isolation from the true title.
Demons
Approved rendering: dab
Transliteration: daimonia
Doctrine: Assurance of God’s Final Victory over Evil
New term — Revelation Language Package v1.0. The one context in which the baseline-flagged ‘dab’ term is doctrinally correct. Pastoral care required: teaching must not imply ancestor spirits specifically are equated with these demons, while remaining doctrinally clear that all spirits opposed to God’s sovereign rule are subject to Christ’s authority.
Wrath Of The Lamb
Approved rendering: kev npau taws ntawm tus Menyuam Yaj
Transliteration: orgē tou arniou
Doctrine: Judgment of the Wicked and Vindication of the Saints
New term — Revelation Language Package v1.0. Extends the baseline wrath_of_god phrase-structure explicitly to Christ (6:16); the Lamb/wrath juxtaposition is a deliberate, striking paradox requiring explicit teaching that this wrath, like the Father’s, is righteous/judicial, never capricious or ritually appeasable.
Second Death
Approved rendering: txoj kev tuag zaum ob
Transliteration: ho thanatos ho deuteros
Doctrine: Judgment of the Wicked and Vindication of the Saints
Rejected alternatives: any cyclical/reincarnation reading — FORBIDDEN
New term — Revelation Language Package v1.0. Must be kept lexically and doctrinally distinct from ordinary death; explicit teaching note required at every occurrence (2:11, 20:6, 20:14, 21:8).
Lake Of Fire
Approved rendering: lub Pas Cub Tawg Taws (thiab huab pob zeb kub)
Transliteration: hē limnē tou pyros
Doctrine: Judgment of the Wicked and Vindication of the Saints
Rejected alternatives: conflation with yeeb ceeb (ancestral spirit-realm) — FORBIDDEN, any escapable/ritually-negotiable underworld reading — FORBIDDEN
New term — Revelation Language Package v1.0. Must be taught as a final, irreversible, unique place of judgment, explicitly distinguished from the Hmong ancestral/spirit afterlife-realm and from any reincarnation-cycle notion (19:20, 20:10-15, 21:8).
Abyss Bottomless Pit
Approved rendering: lub Qhov Tsis Muaj Qab
Transliteration: hē abyssos
Doctrine: Assurance of God’s Final Victory over Evil
New term — Revelation Language Package v1.0. Risk of conflation with the animistic underworld/spirit-realm concept; must be taught as a place of divine imprisonment under God’s total sovereign control, never a realm any human ritual specialist can access or negotiate with (9:1-11, 11:7, 17:8, 20:1-3).
Two Witnesses
Approved rendering: ob tug timkhawv
Transliteration: hoi dyo martyres
Doctrine: Perseverance and Faithful Witness under Persecution
New term — Revelation Language Package v1.0. Extends the witness term into full narrative martyrdom-and-vindication (ch. 11); reinforces the mandatory narrative-anchor requirement of faithful_witness_martyr_extended.
Seal Of God
Approved rendering: lub Cim ntawm Vajtswv
Transliteration: hē sphragis tou theou
Doctrine: Judgment of the Wicked and Vindication of the Saints
Rejected alternatives: presenting as a purchasable/earned charm — rejected
New term — Revelation Language Package v1.0. Hmong tradition includes protective marks/threads (siv yig) obtained via shamanic ritual; must be taught as God’s sovereign, gracious ownership-mark received by faith, never negotiated or purchased, and always directly contrasted with mark_of_the_beast (7:3, 9:4, 14:1).
No More Curse
Approved rendering: tsis muaj lus foom tsis zoo ntxiv lawm
Transliteration: ouk estai eti katara
Doctrine: The New Heaven and New Earth
Rejected alternatives: reducing to mere personal/familial curse-removal reassurance — must not replace the cosmic referent
New term — Revelation Language Package v1.0. Cursing/counter-cursing is a live, present Hmong concern; must be taught specifically as removal of the cosmic, Genesis-rooted curse over all creation (22:3), while still pastorally acknowledging genuine personal fears without resolving the doctrine into folk-curse-removal language.
Priest
Approved rendering: pov thawj
Transliteration: hiereus
Doctrine: Worship of the Lamb
Rejected alternatives: txiv neeb (shaman) vocabulary — forbidden
New term — Revelation Language Package v1.0. Consecrated royal-priestly identity of believers (1:6, 5:10, 20:6); must not be conflated with the shamanic txiv neeb religious-specialist role, paralleling the Romans baseline priestly_minister caution.
Words Trustworthy True Do Not Add Or Take Away
Approved rendering: cov lus no ncaj thiab tseeb; tsis txhob ntxiv rau, tsis txhob rho ib qho tawm
Transliteration: houtoi hoi logoi pistoi kai alēthinoi; mē epithēs … mē aphelēs
Doctrine: Symbolic and Apocalyptic Interpretation
New term — Revelation Language Package v1.0. Reuses the ‘pistoi kai alēthinoi’ phrase from 21:5; the canon-guarding warning must be taught explicitly as the book’s own internal safeguard against private numerological/fate-based over-reading (21:5, 22:18-19).
Medium Risk Terms
Apostle
Approved rendering: tus Tub Txib
Transliteration: apostolos
Doctrine: The New Heaven and New Earth
Inherited from Romans package. Reused for the twelve apostles’ names on New Jerusalem’s foundations (21:14), uniting OT tribes and NT apostolic foundation.
Faith Believe
Approved rendering: kev ntseeg / ntseeg
Transliteration: pistis / pisteuō
Doctrine: Perseverance and Faithful Witness under Persecution
Inherited from Romans package. ‘The faith of Jesus’ (14:12); negatively in the ‘unbelieving’ vice-list (21:8), which must not be softened to mere doubt.
Redemption
Approved rendering: kev txhiv
Transliteration: apolytrōsis / agorazō
Doctrine: Worship of the Lamb
Inherited from Romans package. ‘You were purchased by your blood’ (5:9); ‘144,000 purchased as firstfruits’ (14:4); anchored to Christ’s blood as price-payer.
Adoption As Sons
Approved rendering: raug muab coj los ua me tub (ntawm Vajtswv)
Transliteration: huiothesia
Doctrine: The Church as Bride of Christ
Inherited from Romans package. Echoed directly in the 21:7 sonship formula (‘I will be his God and he will be my son’); must retain the uniqueness of divine sonship, not collapse into ordinary Hmong clan-adoption custom without qualification.
Mercy
Approved rendering: txoj kev khuv leej
Transliteration: eleos
Doctrine: Judgment of the Wicked and Vindication of the Saints
Rejected alternatives: txiaj ntsim used interchangeably — rejected
Inherited from Romans package. Implicit in the call to flee Babylon before judgment (ch. 18); kept lexically and doctrinally distinct from grace.
Alpha And Omega
Approved rendering: Alas thiab Aumeka, thawj thiab qhov kawg
Transliteration: to Alpha kai to Ō, hē archē kai to telos
Doctrine: The Sovereignty of God over History
Rejected alternatives: transliteration alone with no native gloss — rejected, carries zero content without it
New term — Revelation Language Package v1.0. Requires the native gloss ‘thawj thiab qhov kawg’ (first and last) at every occurrence, not merely a first-use footnote; parodied by the Beast at 17:8 and must be distinguished from that parody (see beast_parody entry).
Faithful And True Word Of God
Approved rendering: Ncaj Ncees thiab Tseeb; Txoj Lus ntawm Vajtswv
Transliteration: Pistos kai Alēthinos; ho Logos tou Theou
Doctrine: The Return and Reign of Christ
New term — Revelation Language Package v1.0. Divine-warrior titles for the returning Christ (19:11, 19:13). ‘Ncaj Ncees thiab Tseeb’ here is a character-title, not the forensic justification vocabulary, and must not be conflated with the Critical righteousness_of_god_righteous entry. ‘Txoj Lus ntawm Vajtswv’ logged for TM-revision confirmation against the wider Hmong Bible tradition’s Gospel-of-John usage.
Accuser
Approved rendering: tus Foob Txim
Transliteration: ho katēgoros
Doctrine: Assurance of God’s Final Victory over Evil
New term — Revelation Language Package v1.0. Comprehension-level legal metaphor consistent with the Romans baseline village-court judgment idiom (no_condemnation).
Great Prostitute Babylon
Approved rendering: tus poj muag cev loj; Npabiloos Loj
Transliteration: hē pornē hē megalē, Babylōn hē megalē
Doctrine: Judgment of the Wicked and Vindication of the Saints
New term — Revelation Language Package v1.0. Primarily a register/pastoral-sensitivity concern; must be taught as a corrupt system, not a special condemnation of literal prostitution above other sins.
Four Living Creatures
Approved rendering: plaub tug tsiaj muaj sia
Transliteration: tessara zōa
Doctrine: Worship of the Lamb
Rejected alternatives: reading as animal-spirit familiars/totems — rejected
New term — Revelation Language Package v1.0. Must be taught as heavenly, angelic-order worshiping beings, never as animal-spirit familiars or guardian totems associated with shamanic practice.
Twenty Four Elders
Approved rendering: nees nkaum plaub tus Txwj Laus
Transliteration: eikosi tessares presbyteroi
Doctrine: Worship of the Lamb
New term — Revelation Language Package v1.0. Strong positive cultural bridge via Hmong elder-respect; must be taught as representing the whole redeemed/heavenly community, not literal village elders.
Twelve Gates Apostles Tribes Names
Approved rendering: kaum ob lub roob vag … npe ntawm kaum ob Xeem … npe ntawm kaum ob tus Tub Txib
Transliteration: pylas dōdeka … ta dōdeka onomata tōn dōdeka apostolōn tou arniou
Doctrine: The New Heaven and New Earth
New term — Revelation Language Package v1.0. Reuses the apostle entry and the xeem (clan) bridge for tribes; positive continuity teaching uniting OT and NT covenant people.
First Resurrection
Approved rendering: kev sawv rov qab thawj zaug
Transliteration: hē anastasis hē prōtē
Doctrine: Judgment of the Wicked and Vindication of the Saints
Rejected alternatives: any cyclical/reincarnation-adjacent reading — rejected
New term — Revelation Language Package v1.0. Must be kept distinct from any reincarnation-adjacent reading; no cyclical afterlife implied (20:5-6).
Book Of Life
Approved rendering: phau Ntawv Sia
Transliteration: hē biblos tēs zōēs
Doctrine: Judgment of the Wicked and Vindication of the Saints
Rejected alternatives: treatment as a meritorious ledger of good deeds — rejected
New term — Revelation Language Package v1.0. Comprehension bridge via Hmong clan (xeem) genealogical record-keeping; must be paired with the justify_reckon_as_righteous doctrine to avoid a works-based misreading (3:5, 13:8, 17:8, 20:12, 20:15, 21:27, 22:19).
Overcome Conquer
Approved rendering: kov yeej
Transliteration: nikaō
Doctrine: Perseverance and Faithful Witness under Persecution
Rejected alternatives: worldly/military/prosperity-adjacent conquest reading — rejected
New term — Revelation Language Package v1.0. Must always be co-textualized with the Lamb’s own conquering-through-slaughter pattern (5:5-6, 12:11) to prevent a triumphalist or prosperity-adjacent misreading.
Repent
Approved rendering: ntxeev dua siab
Transliteration: metanoeō
Doctrine: Perseverance and Faithful Witness under Persecution
New term — Revelation Language Package v1.0. Deliberately kept distinct from renewal_of_the_mind (hloov siab tshiab) so initial repentance is not confused with ongoing sanctifying transformation (chs. 2, 3, 9, 16).
New Heaven And New Earth
Approved rendering: ib lub ntuj tshiab thiab ib lub ntiajteb tshiab
Transliteration: kainos ouranos, kainē gē
Doctrine: The New Heaven and New Earth
Rejected alternatives: treatment as renovation/patched-up world rather than qualitative re-creation — rejected
New term — Revelation Language Package v1.0. Core passage term (21:1). ‘Tshiab’ in ordinary Hmong defaults to sequential/replacement newness; must be taught with the fixed formula ‘tsis yog kho dua tshiab, tiam sis yog tsim dua tshiab’ (not repaired-anew, but created-anew) as a mandatory first-occurrence gloss.
New Jerusalem Holy City
Approved rendering: lub Nroog Dawb Huv, Yeluxalees Tshiab
Transliteration: hē polis hē hagia, Ierousalēm kainē
Doctrine: The New Heaven and New Earth
New term — Revelation Language Package v1.0. Core passage term (21:2). ‘Dawb huv’ reused correctly; must not be heard as ritual-purity-from-spirit-contamination but as the city’s consecrated-to-God status (3:12, 21:2, 21:10).
Water Of Life
Approved rendering: dej ntawm Txoj Sia
Transliteration: to hydōr tēs zōēs
Doctrine: The New Heaven and New Earth
Rejected alternatives: treatment as reward purchasable through ritual merit — rejected
New term — Revelation Language Package v1.0. Core passage term (21:6). The ‘freely/without cost’ qualifier must be preserved every time to keep this consistent with the Critical grace entry (22:17).
No Temple God And Lamb Are Temple
Approved rendering: tsis muaj ib lub Tuam Tsev hauv lub nroog ntawd, rau qhov tus Tswv Vajtswv … thiab tus Menyuam Yaj yog lub Tuam Tsev ntawm lub nroog ntawd
Transliteration: naon ouk eidon en autē, ho gar kyrios … kai to arnion naos autēs estin
Doctrine: The New Heaven and New Earth
New term — Revelation Language Package v1.0. Should be taught as resolving, not contradicting, the ‘pillar in the temple’ promise (3:12) — a deliberate literary/theological progression (21:22).
Thousand Years Millennium
Approved rendering: ib txhiab xyoo
Transliteration: chilia etē
Doctrine: The Return and Reign of Christ
Rejected alternatives: unilateral adjudication of a specific millennial position — rejected
New term — Revelation Language Package v1.0. Requires a mandatory interpretive-diversity caution note: responsible orthodox interpreters differ on this number’s literal/symbolic status; this curriculum must not resolve that question unilaterally (20:1-6).
No More Sea
Approved rendering: hiavtxwv tsis muaj lawm
Transliteration: hē thalassa ouk estin eti
Doctrine: The New Heaven and New Earth
New term — Revelation Language Package v1.0. Core passage term (21:1). Comprehension note required that ‘sea’ functions symbolically (chaos/evil’s source, cf. 13:1), not merely geographically.
Bride
Approved rendering: tus Nkauj Nyab uas tau npaj txhij zoo nkauj rau nws tus txiv
Transliteration: nymphē
Doctrine: The Church as Bride of Christ
Rejected alternatives: reading through a plural-wife cultural lens — must be explicitly guarded against
New term — Revelation Language Package v1.0. Core passage term (21:2). Positive bridge via Hmong marriage/bride-price custom; teaching note must stress the Church is a single, exclusively-devoted Bride, not one wife among several (‘ib tug nkauj nyab xwb, tsis muaj lwm tus’).
Marriage Supper Of The Lamb
Approved rendering: rooj noj rooj haus qhab nkauj ntawm tus Menyuam Yaj
Transliteration: ho gamos tou arniou
Doctrine: The Church as Bride of Christ
New term — Revelation Language Package v1.0. Same exclusivity caution as ‘bride’ entry applies (19:9).
Sonship Formula 21 7
Approved rendering: Kuv yuav ua nws tus Vajtswv, thiab nws yuav ua kuv tus me tub
Transliteration: esomai autō theos, kai autos estai moi huios
Doctrine: The Church as Bride of Christ
New term — Revelation Language Package v1.0. Core passage term (21:7), directly echoing Romans 8:14-17 via the adoption_as_sons entry; excellent cross-book doctrinal bridge requiring the uniqueness-of-divine-sonship qualifier.
One Hundred Forty Four Thousand Twelve Tribes
Approved rendering: ib puas plaub caug plaub txhiab leej … kaum ob Xeem Yixalayees
Transliteration: hekaton tesserakonta tessares chiliades … dōdeka phylai Israēl
Doctrine: Symbolic and Apocalyptic Interpretation
Rejected alternatives: over-identification with literal Hmong clan structure — must be guarded against
New term — Revelation Language Package v1.0. Positive xeem (clan) bridge creates a risk of over-identifying Israel’s twelve tribes with literal Hmong clan structure; must be taught as symbolic totality of God’s people (Jew and Gentile united), not a literal ethnic census (ch. 7, 14).
Dwelling Place Of God With Man
Approved rendering: qhov chaw Vajtswv nyob nrog neeg
Transliteration: hē skēnē tou theou meta tōn anthrōpōn
Doctrine: The New Heaven and New Earth
Rejected alternatives: flattening to generic ‘God is near’ losing the OT tabernacle echo — rejected
New term — Revelation Language Package v1.0. Core passage term (21:3). Must retain the OT-tabernacle echo intact — permanent, unmediated dwelling replacing all prior mediated forms of access.
Low Risk Terms
God
Approved rendering: Vajtswv
Transliteration: theos
Doctrine: General / Cross-cutting
Rejected alternatives: Ntuj (impersonal sky/heaven) — rejected, dab (spirit) — rejected
Inherited from Romans package. Exact reuse; the Father who sits on the throne throughout Revelation’s visions.
Lord
Approved rendering: tus Tswv
Transliteration: kyrios
Doctrine: The Return and Reign of Christ
Inherited from Romans package. Intensified in Revelation by ‘King of kings and Lord of lords’ (19:16); applied to God and the returning, reigning Christ.
Jesus Christ
Approved rendering: Yexus Khetos
Transliteration: Iēsous Christos
Doctrine: General / Cross-cutting
Inherited from Romans package.
Father God
Approved rendering: Leej Txiv
Transliteration: patēr
Doctrine: The Church as Bride of Christ
Inherited from Romans package. Applied at 1:6, 2:28, 3:5, 3:21, 14:1, and the sonship formula of 21:7.
Son Of God
Approved rendering: Leej Tub ntawm Vajtswv
Transliteration: huios theou
Doctrine: The Church as Bride of Christ
Rejected alternatives: diminished-sonship renderings — rejected
Inherited from Romans package. Echoed in the believer’s promised sonship at 21:7.
Gospel
Approved rendering: Txoj Moo Zoo
Transliteration: euangelion
Doctrine: The Sovereignty of God over History
Inherited from Romans package. Extended at 14:6 as ‘the eternal gospel’ — reuses this term plus the eternal_life root.
Peace
Approved rendering: kev thaj yeeb
Transliteration: eirēnē
Doctrine: General / Cross-cutting
Inherited from Romans package. Epistolary greeting, 1:4.
Nations Gentiles
Approved rendering: lwm Haiv Neeg
Transliteration: ethnē
Doctrine: The New Heaven and New Earth
Inherited from Romans package. ‘Healing of the nations’ (22:2) is a positive extension; also appears as objects of judgment (‘kings of the earth’).
Truth
Approved rendering: qhov tseeb
Transliteration: alētheia
Doctrine: Symbolic and Apocalyptic Interpretation
Inherited from Romans package. Paired with ‘faithful’ at 21:5, 22:6 (‘ncaj thiab tseeb’) certifying the apocalyptic vision as reliable revelation.
Creation
Approved rendering: tej uas raug tsim los
Transliteration: ktisis
Doctrine: The New Heaven and New Earth
Inherited from Romans package. Root underlying ‘new heaven and new earth’ (21:1).
Death
Approved rendering: txoj kev tuag
Transliteration: thanatos
Doctrine: The New Heaven and New Earth
Inherited from Romans package. Physical/ordinary death, finally undone at 21:4; must be kept distinct in teaching from the separate ‘second death’ entry below.
Eternal Life
Approved rendering: txoj sia nyob mus ib txhis
Transliteration: zōē aiōnios
Doctrine: The New Heaven and New Earth
Inherited from Romans package. Root underlying ‘eternal gospel’ (14:6) and the water-of-life/tree-of-life imagery of chs. 21-22.
Heir
Approved rendering: tus qub txeeg qub teg
Transliteration: klēronomos / klēronomeō
Doctrine: The Church as Bride of Christ
Inherited from Romans package. ‘The one who overcomes will inherit these things’ (21:7) — strong positive existing bridge via Hmong lineage-inheritance custom.
Glory
Approved rendering: lub yeeb koob
Transliteration: doxa
Doctrine: The New Heaven and New Earth
Inherited from Romans package. Central to New Jerusalem’s radiance (21:11, 21:23-24).
Mystery
Approved rendering: zaj lus zais cia
Transliteration: mystērion
Doctrine: Symbolic and Apocalyptic Interpretation
Inherited from Romans package. Applied to the mystery of the seven stars (1:20) and of Babylon (17:5, 17:7).
Kingdom Of God
Approved rendering: lub Nceeg Vaj ntawm Vajtswv
Transliteration: basileia tou theou
Doctrine: The Return and Reign of Christ
Inherited from Romans package. ‘The kingdom of the world has become the kingdom of our Lord’ (11:15); combined with ‘priests’ at 1:6, 5:10 for believers’ royal-priestly identity.
Witness
Approved rendering: tus timkhawv
Transliteration: martys
Doctrine: Perseverance and Faithful Witness under Persecution
Inherited from Romans package (base sense, Low risk). Extended to the martyrdom sense in Revelation — see faithful_witness_martyr_extended entry below, which carries elevated High risk for that specific extended usage.
Scripture
Approved rendering: Vaj Lug Kub
Transliteration: graphē
Doctrine: Symbolic and Apocalyptic Interpretation
Inherited from Romans package. Applied to ‘this book’ as inspired prophetic Scripture (22:18-19).
Love
Approved rendering: kev hlub
Transliteration: agapē
Doctrine: Perseverance and Faithful Witness under Persecution
Inherited from Romans package. Ephesus’s rebuke for abandoning ‘the love you had at first’ (2:4).
Hope
Approved rendering: kev cia siab
Transliteration: elpis
Doctrine: The New Heaven and New Earth
Inherited from Romans package. Underlies the entire promissory structure of chs. 21-22; must be taught, per baseline note, as confident expectation grounded in God’s promise, not mere wishing.
King Of Kings Lord Of Lords
Approved rendering: Tus Vaj Ntxwv ntawm tej Vaj Ntxwv, thiab tus Tswv ntawm tej Tswv
Transliteration: Basileus basileōn kai Kyrios kyriōn
Doctrine: The Return and Reign of Christ
New term — Revelation Language Package v1.0. Climactic sovereignty title (17:14, 19:16), structurally reusing the baseline ‘tus Tswv’ term.
Bright Morning Star
Approved rendering: hnub qub ci ntsa iab sawv ntxov
Transliteration: ho astēr ho lampros ho prōinos
Doctrine: The Return and Reign of Christ
New term — Revelation Language Package v1.0. Fulfills 2:28’s promise at 22:16; must be taught exclusively as messianic self-title, never as an astrological reference point.
Sea Of Glass
Approved rendering: hiavtxwv uas zoo li iav
Transliteration: thalassa hyalinē
Doctrine: Worship of the Lamb
New term — Revelation Language Package v1.0. Comprehension gap only (4:6, 15:2).
New Song
Approved rendering: zaj nkauj tshiab
Transliteration: asma kainon
Doctrine: Worship of the Lamb
New term — Revelation Language Package v1.0. Comprehension-level (5:9, 14:3).
Throne
Approved rendering: lub Zwm Txwv
Transliteration: thronos
Doctrine: The Sovereignty of God over History
Rejected alternatives: approving use for Satan’s/Beast’s seat — FORBIDDEN unless explicitly marked negative
New term — Revelation Language Package v1.0. Reserved primarily for God/Christ; negative uses (2:13, 13:2, 16:10) must always be explicitly marked in co-text as usurped/counterfeit authority.
Song Of Moses And Of The Lamb
Approved rendering: zaj nkauj ntawm Mauxes … thiab zaj nkauj ntawm tus Menyuam Yaj
Transliteration: tēn ōdēn Mōuseōs … kai tēn ōdēn tou arniou
Doctrine: Worship of the Lamb
New term — Revelation Language Package v1.0. Comprehension gap only (Exodus background), no collision (15:3).
Seven Trumpets Seven Bowls
Approved rendering: xya raj nplaim (raj kub yaj); xya lub tais ntawm Vajtswv txoj kev npau taws
Transliteration: hepta salpinges; hepta phialai tou thymou tou theou
Doctrine: Judgment of the Wicked and Vindication of the Saints
New term — Revelation Language Package v1.0. Comprehension gap only (ancient trumpet/bowl-vessel imagery); direct reuse of the wrath_of_god phrase-structure.
Winepress Of The Wrath Of God
Approved rendering: qhov tsuam txiv hmab ntawm Vajtswv txoj kev npau taws
Transliteration: hē lēnos tou thymou tou theou
Doctrine: Judgment of the Wicked and Vindication of the Saints
New term — Revelation Language Package v1.0. Comprehension gap (grape-winepress technology unfamiliar), bridgeable via general crushing/pressing imagery (14:19-20).
Great White Throne
Approved rendering: lub Zwm Txwv Dawb Loj
Transliteration: thronos megas leukos
Doctrine: Judgment of the Wicked and Vindication of the Saints
New term — Revelation Language Package v1.0. Reuses the throne term plus the dawb (white/pure) root; final, universal judgment scene (20:11).
Gog And Magog
Approved rendering: Kau thiab Makau
Transliteration: Gōg kai Magōg
Doctrine: Assurance of God’s Final Victory over Evil
New term — Revelation Language Package v1.0. Proper-noun transliteration (20:8), comprehension gap only, logged for TM-revision confirmation.
Armageddon
Approved rendering: Amakedoos
Transliteration: Harmagedōn
Doctrine: The Sovereignty of God over History
New term — Revelation Language Package v1.0. Proper-noun transliteration (16:16), comprehension gap only, logged for TM-revision confirmation.
Crown Of Life
Approved rendering: mom kub ntawm txoj sia
Transliteration: ho stephanos tēs zōēs
Doctrine: Perseverance and Faithful Witness under Persecution
New term — Revelation Language Package v1.0. Athletic/military victor’s-wreath imagery (2:10); comprehension gap only, teach as reward-for-endurance, not royal succession.
Come Out Of Her My People
Approved rendering: Cov neeg kuv, cia li tawm hauv nws mus
Transliteration: Exelthate ex autēs, ho laos mou
Doctrine: Perseverance and Faithful Witness under Persecution
New term — Revelation Language Package v1.0. Reuses the laos (people) concept established in the 21:3 covenant formula (18:4).
Tree Of Life
Approved rendering: tsob Ntoo Txoj Sia
Transliteration: to xylon tēs zōēs
Doctrine: The New Heaven and New Earth
New term — Revelation Language Package v1.0. Edenic restoration image, promised at 2:7, fulfilled at 22:2, 22:14, 22:19.
No Sun Or Moon Lamb Is Lamp
Approved rendering: tsis xav tau lub hnub lossis lub hli … rau qhov tus Menyuam Yaj yog lub teeb ci ntawm lub nroog ntawd
Transliteration: oude ton hēlion oude tēn selēnēn … ho gar arnion lychnos autēs
Doctrine: The New Heaven and New Earth
New term — Revelation Language Package v1.0. Comprehension-level metaphor (21:23); mild pastoral caution re: celestial-body veneration in some folk practice, but functions purely as metaphor here.
Precious Stones
Approved rendering: pob zeb muaj nqis
Transliteration: lithos timios
Doctrine: The New Heaven and New Earth
New term — Revelation Language Package v1.0. Comprehension gap (specific gemstones unfamiliar); requires an illustrative note (21:19-21).
Book Of Revelation Title
Approved rendering: Tsab Ntawv Qhia Tshwm (abbrev. Qhia Tshwm)
Transliteration: apokalypsis
Doctrine: Symbolic and Apocalyptic Interpretation
Rejected alternatives: transliterated ‘Apokalypis’ loanword — rejected, disconnected from the book’s own self-description
New term — Revelation Language Package v1.0. Establishes the book’s fixed Hmong citation-name, parallel to ‘Loos’ for Romans (1:1). Logged for TM-revision confirmation as the permanent citation title.
Covenant People Formula
Approved rendering: Vajtswv haiv neeg
Transliteration: laos
Doctrine: The New Heaven and New Earth
New term — Revelation Language Package v1.0. Core passage term (21:3), ‘I will be their God, they will be my people’ covenant formula; no collision, reused at 18:4.
Low-Medium Risk Terms
Renewal Of The Mind
Approved rendering: hloov siab tshiab
Transliteration: anakainōsis tou noos
Doctrine: Perseverance and Faithful Witness under Persecution
Inherited from Romans package. Deliberately kept distinct from the new Revelation term ‘repent’ (ntxeev dua siab) so initial repentance is not confused with ongoing sanctifying transformation.
Firstfruits
Approved rendering: thawj phaus qoob loo / cov ua ntej
Transliteration: aparchē
Doctrine: Worship of the Lamb
Inherited from Romans package. The 144,000 ‘purchased from mankind as firstfruits for God and the Lamb’ (14:4).