Core Glossary

2 Kings — Core Glossary (Hmong Language Package)

Risk Tier Definitions (inherited unchanged from the Romans baseline registry)

Critical: Doctrinally load-bearing term with a strong, specific collision with Hmong traditional religion (animism/shamanism/ancestor veneration/fate) that could invert or neutralize the doctrine if unaddressed.
High: Real potential for confusion with a specific traditional-religious concept or practice; manageable with a documented disambiguating strategy (qualifier phrase, catechetical note).
Medium: Partial semantic mismatch, register gap, or comprehension gap (unfamiliar referent) with no direct collision with a competing religious system.
Low: Already-stable, safe rendering in existing Hmong Christian usage with minimal ambiguity.

Reuse Legend

[REUSE] — rendering copied verbatim from translation_memory.json (Romans baseline); may not be altered.
[NEW] — proposed new term for this book, not present in the Romans baseline; pending TM-revision review.

A. Divine Persons, Names & Revelation

#	English Term	Hebrew / Translit.	Hmong Rendering	Risk	Doctrine(s)	Chapters	Status	Notes
1	God	אֱלֹהִים / elohim	Vajtswv	Low	General / Cross-cutting	all	[REUSE]	Identical referent to Romans baseline `god`.
2	LORD (covenant name, YHWH)	יְהוָה / YHWH	tus TSWV	High	Covenant Judgment and the Exile; all	all	[NEW]	Must be distinguished typographically/register-wise from generic baseline `lord` (tus Tswv, kyrios) to mark the personal, revealed covenant name of Israel’s God. Following the Hmong Bible tradition’s small-caps convention (mirroring English “LORD”). Never substitute a transliterated divine name (e.g., “Yehauvas”)— this is explicitly forbidden in the Romans baseline §3.1 for the analogous reason (sectarian NWT pattern) and applies equally here.
3	Man of God	אִישׁ הָאֱלֹהִים / ish ha-elohim	tus neeg ntawm Vajtswv	Critical	Prophetic Ministry and Miraculous Power	1, 4, 5, 6, 13	[NEW]	Deliberately avoids “txiv neej ntawm Vajtswv” due to phonetic near-collision with txiv neeb (shaman/spirit-medium). Book-specific, high-priority fixed rendering.
4	Word of the LORD (prophetic utterance)	דְּבַר־יְהוָה / devar YHWH	tus TSWV Txoj Lus	Medium	Prophetic Ministry; God’s Patience through Repeated Prophetic Warning	1, 3, 7, 9, 17, 19, 20, 24	[NEW]	Distinct from baseline `scripture` (Vaj Lug Kub, the written canon); this is the occasion-specific prophetic message.
5	Angel/messenger of the LORD	מַלְאַךְ יְהוָה / mal’akh YHWH	tus Tubtxib Saum Ntuj ntawm tus TSWV	Medium-High	Prophetic Ministry and Miraculous Power	19	[NEW]	Mandatory “Saum Ntuj” qualifier to prevent confusion with baseline `apostle` (tus Tub Txib, “sent one,” human office).
6	Fire from heaven	אֵשׁ מִן־הַשָּׁמַיִם	hluavtaws poob saum ntuj los	Medium	Prophetic Ministry and Miraculous Power	1	[NEW]	Divine validation sign; must not imply prophet’s personal power.
7	Prayer	תְּפִלָּה / tefillah	kev thov Vajtswv	Low	Hope amid Judgment	19, 20	[NEW]	Distinguished from illegitimate spirit-petition vocabulary.

B. Covenant, Law & Prophetic Office

#	English Term	Hebrew / Translit.	Hmong Rendering	Risk	Doctrine(s)	Chapters	Status	Notes
8	Covenant	בְּרִית / berith	kev cog lus (nrog Vajtswv)	Critical	Covenant Judgment and the Exile; Josiah’s Reforms	11, 17, 23	[NEW]	Must remain lexically distinct from baseline `promise` (lus cog tseg, epangelia). Natural Hmong bridge (kev sib cog lus, inter-clan alliance) is symmetrical/revocable; berith is God’s sovereign, binding, blessing-and-curse-bearing bond.
9	Law of Moses / of God	תּוֹרָה / torah	Txoj Kevcai (ntawm Vajtswv / Mauxes)	Critical	Josiah’s Reforms and the Rediscovered Law; Covenant Judgment	10 (via kevcai), 17, 22, 23	[REUSE]	Identical to Romans baseline `law_mosaic_divine`; qualifier mandatory at every occurrence, no exceptions.
10	Book of the Law	סֵפֶר הַתּוֹרָה / sefer ha-Torah	Phau Ntawv Txoj Kevcai (ntawm Vajtswv)	Critical	Josiah’s Reforms and the Rediscovered Law	22, 23	[NEW]	Central term for its assigned doctrine; built directly on entry #9.
11	Statute (positive, God’s own)	חֻקָּה / chuqqah	kevcai Vajtswv teem tseg	Medium	The Law and Its Purpose (cross-doctrine); Covenant Judgment	17	[NEW]	Same root as #12 below (nations’ customs) — wordplay must be preserved.
12	Custom (of the nations, negative)	חֻקָּה / chuqqah	tej kevcai/kab ke ntawm lwm haiv neeg	High	Covenant Judgment and the Exile	17	[NEW]	Shares root with #11; requires clear contextual qualifier to distinguish source of the “kevcai.”
13	Commandment	מִצְוָה / mitzvah	lus samhwm	Medium	Covenant Judgment; Josiah’s Reforms	17, 22	[NEW]
14	Testimony/testimonies	עֵדוּת / eduth	cov lus timkhawv ntawm Txoj Kevcai	Medium	Covenant Judgment and the Exile	17	[NEW]	Compound built on baseline `witness` (tus timkhawv).
15	Prophet	נָבִיא / nabi	tus cev Vajtswv lus	High	Prophetic Ministry and Miraculous Power; God’s Patience through Repeated Prophetic Warning	1-23 passim; explicit at 17:13, 22:14 (fem.)	[NEW]	Must be sharply distinguished from tus saib yaig (diviner) and txiv neeb (shaman).
16	Seer	חֹזֶה / chozeh	tus pom yav tom ntej	High	Prophetic Ministry and Miraculous Power	17	[NEW]	Higher collision risk than #15; literal sense parallels diviner function — always co-occur with #15’s gloss.
17	Servants (the prophets, collectively)	עֲבָדַי הַנְּבִיאִים / avadai hannevi’im	kuv cov qhev, cov cev lus	High	Prophetic Ministry and Miraculous Power; God’s Patience	17	[REUSE, extended]	Reuses baseline `servant_slave_doulos` (qhev) with its identical catechetical caution, applied to the prophetic office collectively.
18	Anoint / anointing	מָשַׁח / mashach	kev pleev roj tsa ua vaj ntxwv	High	Prophetic Ministry and Miraculous Power	9	[NEW]	Distinguish from folk healing-oil rituals; note but do not conflate with etymological link to “Anointed One” (Khetos).
19	Turn / repent	שׁוּב / shuv	tig rov qab los cuag Vajtswv	High	God’s Patience through Repeated Prophetic Warning; Hope amid Judgment	17	[NEW]	Relational covenant-return, distinct from baseline `renewal_of_the_mind` (hloov siab tshiab, NT conversion idiom).
20	Humble oneself / tender heart	נִכְנַע / nikhna	txo nws lub siab rau Vajtswv	Medium-High	Hope amid Judgment; Josiah’s Reforms	22	[NEW]	Genuine covenant contrition; connect explicitly to #19.
21	Inquire of the LORD	דָּרַשׁ אֶת־יְהוָה / darash et-YHWH	nrhiav Vajtswv lub siab / mus nug tus TSWV	Medium-High	Prophetic Ministry and Miraculous Power	3	[NEW]	Legitimate positive counterpart to divination terms (#31-33).
22	Believe / faith	אָמַן / aman	ntseeg	High	Covenant Judgment; God’s Patience	17	[REUSE]	Identical referent to Romans baseline `faith_believe`; must be anchored to its object.
23	Trust / rely upon	בָּטַח / batach	vam khom / tso siab rau	Medium	Covenant Judgment and the Exile; Hope amid Judgment	16, 18	[NEW]	Distinct nuance from #22 (reliance/security vs. belief); Ahaz (negative) vs. Hezekiah (positive) contrast.
24	Sign	אוֹת / oth	lub cim	Medium-High	Prophetic Ministry and Miraculous Power	20	[NEW]	Distinguish from condemned omen-reading (#32).

C. Idolatry, False Worship & Judgment Vocabulary

#	English Term	Hebrew / Translit.	Hmong Rendering	Risk	Doctrine(s)	Chapters	Status	Notes
25	Sin (act & condition)	חָטָא / chata	txhaum / kev txhaum	High	Fall of Israel and Judah as Covenant Consequence; all	all	[REUSE]	Identical to Romans baseline `sin_act_and_condition`.
26	Feared/served other gods	יָרֵא אֱלֹהִים אֲחֵרִים	ntshai thiab hwm lwm tus dab	Critical	Fall of Israel and Judah; Covenant Judgment	17	[NEW]	Structural mirror of legitimate “fear the LORD” — same verb-idiom, opposite object.
27	Idol (general)	גִּלּוּלִים / עֲבוֹדַת אֱלִילִים	dab mlom	High	Fall of Israel and Judah; Covenant Judgment	17 and throughout	[REUSE]	Identical to Romans baseline `idol`; gillulim’s intensified contempt (“dung-things”) preserved via footnote qualifier, not a lexical change.
28	High place	בָּמָה / bamah	tej chaw siab teev dab	High	Fall of Israel and Judah; Covenant Judgment	12, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 21, 23	[NEW]	Recurring refrain term (“did not remove the high places”); direct parallel to Hmong site-spirit veneration.
29	Pillar / standing stone	מַצֵּבָה / matzevah	pob zeb tsa muaj cim teev dab	Medium	Fall of Israel and Judah	17	[NEW]
30	Asherah (pole/image)	אֲשֵ׵רָה / Asherah	ncej dab Aseyas	High	Fall of Israel and Judah; Covenant Judgment	17, 18, 21, 23	[NEW]	Same category as #27.
31	Burn incense (to false gods)	קִטֵּר / qatar	hlawv xyab/hlawv tshuaj tsw qab fij rau dab	Critical	Fall of Israel and Judah; Covenant Judgment	17	[NEW]	Direct parallel to living Hmong incense-offering practice; requires mandatory teaching note on object-of-worship vs. medium.
32	Divination	קֶסֶם / qesem	kev ua yaig, kev saib yaig	Critical	Fall of Israel and Judah; Covenant Judgment	17, 21	[NEW]	Direct structural parallel to living Hmong saib yaig practice.
33	Omen-reading / soothsaying	נַחַשׁ / עוֹנֵן	kev saib caij nyoog, kev xub yaig	Critical	Fall of Israel and Judah; Covenant Judgment	17	[NEW]	Same category as #32.
34	Mediums / necromancy	אוֹב וְיִדְּעֹנִי / ‘ov ve-yiddoni	kev nrhiav dab qhuas thiab hu tej ntsuj plig neeg tuag	Critical	Fall of Israel and Judah; Covenant Judgment	17, 21	[NEW]	The single most direct textual parallel to Hmong hu plig / txiv neeb spirit-mediumship in the entire book; requires mandatory human-theologian-reviewed pastoral framing.
35	Child sacrifice (“pass through fire”)	הֶעֱבִיר בָּאֵשׁ	muab menyuam coj mus hlawv fij rau dab	Critical	Fall of Israel and Judah; Covenant Judgment	16, 17, 21, 23	[NEW]	No living Hmong parallel; risk is under-translation/softening, not collision — must render at full horror.
36	Molten/cast image; calf	מַסֵּכָה / עֶגֶל	tus mlom menyuam nyuj kub	High	Fall of Israel and Judah	10 (bkgd), 17	[NEW]	Same category as #27; echoes Exodus 32 and 1 Kings 12.
37	Host of heaven	צְבָא הַשָּׁמַיִם	cov hnub, hli, thiab hnub qub saum ntuj	High	Fall of Israel and Judah	17, 21, 23	[NEW]	Astral/nature-worship; must be marked as created things, cf. baseline `creation`.
38	Baal (deity)	בַּעַל / Ba’al	dab Npa-as	High	Fall of Israel and Judah	9, 10, 17	[NEW]	Must always carry the “dab” (false-god) qualifier.
39	Went after vanity, became vain	הָלַךְ אַחֲרֵי הַהֶבֶל	lawv qab tej dab mlom uas tsis muaj qabhau, thiab lawv tus kheej kuj tsis muaj qabhau thiab	High (fidelity flag)	Fall of Israel and Judah	17	[NEW]	Preserve the “become like what you worship” wordplay in teaching notes.
40	Sold themselves to evil	הִתְמַכְּרוּ לַעֲשׂוֹת הָרַע	muab lawv tus kheej cob rau kev phem	Medium	Fall of Israel and Judah	17	[NEW]
41	Wrath of God	וַיִּתְאַנַּף יְהוָה	kev npau taws ntawm Vajtswv	High	Covenant Judgment and the Exile	17 (intensified)	[REUSE]	Identical to Romans baseline `wrath_of_god`.
42	Removed from His sight/presence	הֵסִיר מֵעַל פָּנָיו	muab thawj tawm ntawm nws xub ntiag	Critical	Covenant Judgment and the Exile	17	[NEW]	Theological heart of the doctrine; relational-covenantal expulsion, not mere geography.
43	Exile / carried away captive	גָּלָה / galah	kev raug ntes coj mus rau lwm teb chaws	Critical	Covenant Judgment and the Exile	15, 17, 20, 24, 25	[NEW]	Central enacted-judgment term of the book; must always be anchored to preceding covenant-unfaithfulness clauses.
44	Despise / reject	מָאַס / ma’as	tsis quav ntsej / saib tsis muaj nqis	High	Covenant Judgment and the Exile	17 (both directions)	[NEW]	Reciprocal use (Israel despises God’s statutes v.15; God rejects Israel v.20) must use the same Hmong verb both times.
45	Drove [Israel] away from following the LORD (causative sin-headship)	הִדִּיחַ / hiddiach	coj Yixalayees tsis lawv qab tus TSWV lawm	High	Fall of Israel and Judah as Covenant Consequence	17	[NEW]	Cross-reference to baseline `original_sin_adam_christ_typology` (federal headship), as a structural (not doctrinal-equivalence) parallel.
46	Afflict / oppress	עִנָּה / ‘anah	tsim txom	Medium	Covenant Judgment and the Exile	17	[NEW]
47	Syncretism (“feared the LORD, yet served their own gods”)	v.33 formula	ib nrab pehawm tus TSWV, ib nrab pehawm dab qhua	Critical	Hope amid Judgment (cautionary); Fall of Israel and Judah	17 (vv.24-41)	[NEW]	Direct pastoral relevance for converts retaining dual worship practices; extends baseline `worship_serve_cultic` (pehawm) qualifier strategy.

D. Prophetic Miracles & Sacred Objects

#	English Term	Hebrew / Translit.	Hmong Rendering	Risk	Doctrine(s)	Chapters	Status	Notes
48	Spirit (prophetic empowering, “double portion”)	רוּחַ / ruach	koob ob npaug ntawm Vaj Ntsuj Plig	Critical	Prophetic Ministry and Miraculous Power	2	[NEW, extends REUSE]	Extends baseline `holy_spirit` (Vaj Ntsuj Plig); highest-stakes term in this doctrine — must not be read as shamanic spirit-power transference.
49	Great wonder / miracle	(general, narrative)	txujci tseem ceeb	Critical	Prophetic Ministry and Miraculous Power	2, 4, 5, 6, 13, 19, 20	[NEW]	Must be distinguished from khawv koob (folk charm-magic) and ua yeeb yaig (sorcery performance).
50	Mantle/cloak	אַדֶּרֶת / addereth	tiab tsho	Low-Medium	Prophetic Ministry and Miraculous Power	2	[NEW]	Symbol of office-succession.
51	Chariot(s)/horses of fire	רֶכֶב־אֵשׁ וְסוּסֵי אֵשׁ	tsheb nees hluavtaws	Low-Medium	Prophetic Ministry and Miraculous Power	2	[NEW]	Theophanic imagery.
52	Leprosy	צָרַעַת / tsara’ath	mob ruas	Medium-High	Prophetic Ministry and Miraculous Power; Covenant Judgment	5, 15	[NEW]	Distinguish divine healing/judgment from folk mob dab (spirit-caused illness).
53	Open the eyes (spiritual perception)	פָּקַח עֵינֵי / paqach ene	qhib qhov muag kom pom	Medium	Prophetic Ministry and Miraculous Power	6	[NEW]	Distinguish from folk “second sight.”
54	Bones (relic) that raise the dead	עַצְמוֹת אֱלִישָׁע	cov pob txha ntawm Elisa	High	Prophetic Ministry and Miraculous Power	13	[NEW]	Sovereign, non-repeatable act; not inherent relic power — cf. #55, #63.
55	Bronze serpent (turned idol)	(Nechushtan, implied)	tus nab tooj lag uas luag pheej teev	Medium-High	Fall of Israel and Judah; Covenant Judgment	18	[NEW]	Legitimate object turned idol; cross-teach with #54 and #63.
56	House of the LORD / Temple	בֵּית יְהוָה / beit YHWH	Lub Tuam Tsev ntawm tus TSWV	Low-Medium	Covenant Judgment; Josiah’s Reforms	11, 12, 18, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25	[NEW]	Central, stable location term; must remain consistent throughout.
57	Zeal	קִנְאָה / qin’ah	kev npau siab/kub siab rau tus TSWV	Medium	Fall of Israel and Judah (flawed reform)	10	[NEW]	Genuine but incomplete zeal — teaching nuance, not collision.
58	Passover	פֶּסַח / Pesach	Kevcai Hla Dhau	Low-Medium	Josiah’s Reforms and the Rediscovered Law; Hope amid Judgment	23	[NEW]	Established Hmong Christian term; comprehension-level gloss recommended at first use.
59	Tear one’s garments (mourning/repentance gesture)	קָרַע בְּגָדִים	dua/rhe lub tsho	Medium	Josiah’s Reforms; Hope amid Judgment	22	[NEW]	Cultural gesture, comprehension-level.
60	”Did evil/right in the sight of the LORD” (royal formula)	רַע/טוֹב בְּעֵינֵי יְהוָה	ua qhov phem/qhov zoo rau tus TSWV pom	Medium	Fall of Israel and Judah as Covenant Consequence	all royal narratives (1, 3, 8, 9-16, 17, 18, 21-24)	[NEW]	Fixed structural refrain; render identically at every occurrence.
61	Burned human bones (defilement)	שָׂרַף עַצְמוֹת אָדָם	hlawv cov pob txha neeg	High	Josiah’s Reforms; Covenant Judgment	23	[NEW]	Ironic reversal of #54; cross-teach together.
62	Remnant	(implied — “none was left but the tribe of Judah”)	cov seem	Low	The Future/Fall of Israel and Judah	17	[REUSE]	Identical to Romans baseline `remnant`.
63	Vassal/tributary king	עֶבֶד (political)	vaj ntxwv raug lwm haiv neeg kav	Low	Fall of Israel and Judah as Covenant Consequence	17, 24	[NEW]	Purely political; do NOT reuse baseline `qhev` (reserved theological weight).
64	Royal kindness shown to exiled Jehoiachin	(narrative, chesed-adjacent)	kev tau txais kev hlub/kev zoo siab ntawm vaj ntxwv	Medium	Hope amid Judgment	25	[NEW]	Explicit forbidden substitution: do NOT use baseline `txiaj ntsim` (grace, reserved for soteriological unmerited favor).

Proper Nouns (ad hoc transliteration, logged for TM-revision; no doctrinal risk assigned)

Xamalia (Samaria), Yeluxalees (Jerusalem), Axilias (Assyria), Npanpiloo (Babylon), Yixalayees (Israel — [REUSE] root from baseline nations_gentiles/jew context), Yudas (Judah — [REUSE] root from baseline jew), Eliya (Elijah), Elisa (Elisha), Naaman, Kehaxi (Gehazi), Yehu (Jehu), Yesenpee (Jezebel), Hexekiya (Hezekiah), Xenakhelib (Sennacherib), Manaxe (Manasseh), Yauxiya (Josiah), Xedekiya (Zedekiah), Yehauyakhee (Jehoiachin). All proper names follow §2.4 of 12_ai_translation_requirements.md: rendered ad hoc using established transliteration/register conventions, logged rather than treated as permanent, pending formal TM-revision review.

Cross-Reference Note on Baseline Reuse Integrity

Every [REUSE] entry above (#1, 9, 17, 22, 25, 27, 41, 43-implicit through galah being new but wrath/sin/idol/faith/remnant/servant reused, 48-partial, 62) reproduces its Romans baseline translation_memory.json rendering character-for-character, per the hard rule that established Critical/High renderings may never be altered by a subsequent curriculum. No REUSE entry above introduces an alternate gloss. All [NEW] entries are proposed additions only, pending the same TM-revision review process the Romans baseline itself documents in §9-10 of 12_ai_translation_requirements.md, and are offered here in the same register, script, and risk-tier framework as that baseline establishes.

Critical Risk Terms

Holy Spirit

Approved rendering: Vaj Ntsuj Plig
Transliteration: ruach ha-qodesh (OT equivalent concept)
Doctrine: Prophetic Ministry and Miraculous Power (Elijah and Elisha)
Rejected alternatives: bare ntsuj plig (no Vaj prefix) — rejected, denotes an animistic wandering human soul

Inherited from Romans package; fixed collocation, ‘Vaj’ prefix mandatory at every occurrence. Directly load-bearing for 2 Kings 2’s ‘double portion of the Spirit’ episode (see new entry ‘spirit_double_portion’), the single highest-stakes term in the Prophetic Ministry doctrine.

Law Mosaic Divine

Approved rendering: Txoj Kevcai (ntawm Vajtswv / Mauxes)
Transliteration: torah
Doctrine: Josiah’s Reforms and the Rediscovered Law
Rejected alternatives: bare ‘Txoj Kevcai’ without qualifier — rejected, collapses into kev cai dab qhuas (ancestral spirit-worship customs), imported loanword for ‘law’ — rejected, doctrinally inert

Inherited from Romans package. Qualifier mandatory at every occurrence without exception, intensified in this book by the deliberate wordplay at 17:8-15 (Israel swapped God’s own chuqqot for the nations’ chuqqot) and as the central term for the rediscovered scroll of 22:8 (see new entry ‘book_of_the_law’).

Grace

Approved rendering: txiaj ntsim
Transliteration: charis (NT equivalent concept)
Doctrine: Hope amid Judgment
Rejected alternatives: koob hmoov (fortune/blessing tied to fate and ritual correctness) — PERMANENTLY FORBIDDEN for salvific/soteriological sense

Inherited from Romans package. Explicitly and permanently forbidden as a rendering for the new 2 Kings entry ‘royal_kindness_to_jehoiachin’ (25:27-30); that narrative kindness must use a neutral kindness/favor term instead, preserving this term’s reserved unmerited-soteriological-grace sense across the whole curriculum pipeline.

Man Of God

Approved rendering: tus neeg ntawm Vajtswv
Transliteration: ish ha-elohim
Doctrine: Prophetic Ministry and Miraculous Power (Elijah and Elisha)
Rejected alternatives: tus txiv neej ntawm Vajtswv (literal ‘man of God’) — PERMANENTLY FORBIDDEN, ‘txiv neej’ is a near-homophone of ‘txiv neeb’ (shaman/spirit-medium) in spoken Hmong, creating an unintended and doctrinally damaging phonetic identification of the prophet with the shamanic office

NEW ENTRY. Book-specific, highest-priority fixed rendering; recurs at chapters 1, 4, 5, 6, 13. Ranked #3 highest-risk ambiguity in the book per analysis/06_linguistic_gap_analysis.md §4 because the risk is phonetic, not conceptual, and could persist silently through translator inattention.

Covenant

Approved rendering: kev cog lus (nrog Vajtswv)
Transliteration: berith
Doctrine: Covenant Judgment and the Exile
Rejected alternatives: kev sib cog lus (ordinary Hmong inter-clan/family alliance concept) — rejected as a direct equivalence; this alliance concept is symmetrical and revocable by either party, whereas berith is God’s sovereign, unilateral, binding relational-legal bond carrying real, enforceable blessings and curses that Israel cannot simply exit

NEW ENTRY. Occurs chs. 11 (Jehoiada’s covenant renewal), 17:15 (Israel’s covenant despised), 23:3 (Josiah’s climactic covenant renewal). Must remain lexically and doctrinally distinct from the baseline ‘promise’ (lus cog tseg, epangelia). Ranked #5 highest-risk ambiguity in analysis/06_linguistic_gap_analysis.md §4 due to its close semantic proximity to ‘promise’, ‘law’, and ‘custom’ within a single chapter (17).

Book Of The Law

Approved rendering: Phau Ntawv Txoj Kevcai (ntawm Vajtswv)
Transliteration: sefer ha-Torah
Doctrine: Josiah’s Reforms and the Rediscovered Law
Rejected alternatives: dropping the ‘(ntawm Vajtswv)’ qualifier — PERMANENTLY FORBIDDEN, same collision reason as the baseline law_mosaic_divine entry

NEW ENTRY. Central term for the ‘Josiah’s Reforms and the Rediscovered Law’ doctrine; occurs chs. 22-23. Built directly on the inherited baseline ‘law_mosaic_divine’ entry; the qualifier must never be dropped, including in headers, titles, or quiz options.

Feared Served Other Gods

Approved rendering: ntshai thiab hwm lwm tus dab
Transliteration: yare’ et-elohim acherim
Doctrine: The Fall of Israel and Judah as Covenant Consequence

NEW ENTRY. Occurs 17:7. Must always be explicitly contrasted with the positive covenant idiom ‘ntshai thiab hwm tus TSWV’ (fear the LORD) — same Hmong verb-idiom, opposite object; this deliberate structural parallel is the semantic hinge of the entire 17:7-23 indictment and must be preserved through lexical REUSE across both objects, not separation.

Burn Incense To False Gods

Approved rendering: hlawv xyab/hlawv tshuaj tsw qab fij rau dab
Transliteration: qatar
Doctrine: The Fall of Israel and Judah as Covenant Consequence

NEW ENTRY. Occurs 17:11. Ranked #2 highest-risk ambiguity in the book (analysis/06_linguistic_gap_analysis.md §4): incense-burning is arguably the single most common living Hmong ritual practice of any kind. The condemnation must be taught as directed at the object of the offering (false gods/spirits) and the requirement of exclusive worship of Vajtswv, never at incense as a physical medium per se.

Divination

Approved rendering: kev ua yaig, kev saib yaig
Transliteration: qesem
Doctrine: The Fall of Israel and Judah as Covenant Consequence

NEW ENTRY. Occurs 17:17, 21:6. Near-identical in form to the living Hmong divinatory practice of ‘saib yaig’; must always be paired with the legitimate alternative ‘inquire_of_the_lord’.

Omen Reading Soothsaying

Approved rendering: kev saib caij nyoog, kev xub yaig
Transliteration: nachash / ‘onen
Doctrine: The Fall of Israel and Judah as Covenant Consequence

NEW ENTRY. Occurs 17:17. Same collision class as ‘divination’; must never be softened.

Mediums Necromancy

Approved rendering: kev nrhiav dab qhuas thiab hu tej ntsuj plig neeg tuag
Transliteration: ‘ov ve-yiddoni
Doctrine: The Fall of Israel and Judah as Covenant Consequence

NEW ENTRY. Occurs 17:17, 21:6 (fullest development). Ranked #1 highest-risk ambiguity in the entire book (analysis/06_linguistic_gap_analysis.md §4): the single most direct textual parallel to the living Hmong practice of hu plig and txiv neeb spirit-mediumship. Requires mandatory human-theologian-reviewed pastoral framing at every occurrence, addressing the practice’s continued presence in some hearers’ families directly and compassionately.

Child Sacrifice

Approved rendering: muab menyuam coj mus hlawv fij rau dab
Transliteration: he’evir ba’esh
Doctrine: The Fall of Israel and Judah as Covenant Consequence
Rejected alternatives: any euphemism or generalization — rejected; no comparable living Hmong practice exists, so the primary risk is under-translation/softening, not collision

NEW ENTRY. Occurs 16:3 (Ahaz), 17:17, 21:6 (Manasseh, most extensive), 23:10 (Josiah’s desecration of the site). Must never be softened; the horror of the act must be fully preserved.

Removed From His Sight

Approved rendering: muab thawj tawm ntawm nws xub ntiag
Transliteration: hesir me’al panav
Doctrine: Covenant Judgment and the Exile
Rejected alternatives: bare geographic ‘banishment’ framing with no relational component — rejected, reduces the theological heart of the doctrine to a bare historical/military event

NEW ENTRY. Occurs 17:18, 17:23, 23:27, 24:20. The theological heart of Covenant Judgment and the Exile; must be taught as covenantal-relational expulsion (loss of God’s manifest presence and protection), theological before it is political.

Exile Carried Away Captive

Approved rendering: kev raug ntes coj mus rau lwm teb chaws
Transliteration: galah
Doctrine: Covenant Judgment and the Exile
Rejected alternatives: bare historical/military-event framing with no causal anchor — rejected, collapses covenant-judgment doctrine into mere power-politics

NEW ENTRY. Occurs 15:29 (first partial deportation), 17:6/17:23 (climactic), 20:16-18 (foretold for Judah), 24:14-16, 25:11-21 (final). The central enacted-judgment term of the whole book; must always be anchored to the preceding covenant-unfaithfulness clauses (17:7-17) in any teaching unit.

Syncretism Formula

Approved rendering: ib nrab pehawm tus TSWV, ib nrab pehawm dab qhua
Transliteration: v.33 formula (yare’ et-YHWH… ve’et-eloheihem hayu ‘ovdim)
Doctrine: Hope amid Judgment

NEW ENTRY. Occurs 17:24-41 (v.33). Direct, real-world pastoral concern for converts from Hmong traditional religion who may attempt to retain ancestor/spirit veneration alongside professed Christian faith; worship of Vajtswv is exclusive, not additive. Ranked #6 highest-risk ambiguity per analysis/06_linguistic_gap_analysis.md §4.

Spirit Double Portion

Approved rendering: koob ob npaug ntawm Vaj Ntsuj Plig uas nyob rau hauv koj
Transliteration: ruach (pi-shnayim beruchakha)
Doctrine: Prophetic Ministry and Miraculous Power (Elijah and Elisha)
Rejected alternatives: bare ‘ntsuj plig’ or substance-transfer imagery — rejected, would directly assimilate Elisha’s prophetic empowering into the shamanic spirit-familiar-transfer succession framework

NEW ENTRY. Occurs ch. 2 (2:9). Extends the inherited baseline ‘holy_spirit’ entry (Vaj Ntsuj Plig), which must be retained verbatim. The single highest-stakes term in the Prophetic Ministry doctrine; mandatory contrast-teaching note required at every occurrence, per analysis/04_comparative_theology.md’s Doctrine 2 discussion.

Great Wonder Miracle

Approved rendering: txujci tseem ceeb
Transliteration: mopheth (general)
Doctrine: Prophetic Ministry and Miraculous Power (Elijah and Elisha)
Rejected alternatives: khawv koob (folk charm-magic) vocabulary — forbidden equivalence, ua yeeb yaig (sorcery performance) vocabulary — forbidden equivalence

NEW ENTRY. Occurs chs. 2, 4, 5, 6, 13, 19, 20. Reserved term for prophetic miracles, deliberately routing around the flagged baseline ‘power’ (hwjchim) term entirely. Must be reinforced at every miracle narrative with an explicit ‘God alone acted; the prophet used no technique’ clause.

High Risk Terms

Human Spirit Soul

Approved rendering: ntsuj plig
Transliteration: nephesh/ruach (anthropological)
Doctrine: Prophetic Ministry and Miraculous Power (Elijah and Elisha)
Rejected alternatives: Vaj Ntsuj Plig — forbidden for this referent, reserved exclusively for the Holy Spirit

Inherited from Romans package. Correctly applies, unprefixed, to Josiah’s own soul/life at 23:3 (‘with all his heart and all his soul/nephesh’) — must never receive the ‘Vaj’ prefix in that verse, since the referent is the human king’s own soul, not the divine Spirit.

Servant Slave Doulos

Approved rendering: qhev
Transliteration: ‘eved (theological/honorific sense)
Doctrine: Prophetic Ministry and Miraculous Power (Elijah and Elisha)
Rejected alternatives: koom tes (co-worker/partner) — rejected softening, erases total-surrender force

Inherited from Romans package. Extended in 2 Kings to God’s collective designation of the prophets as ‘my servants the prophets’ (17:13, 17:23) — see new entry ‘servants_the_prophets’; identical catechetical caution applies (honored, willing total-service, not chattel slavery).

Wrath Of God

Approved rendering: kev npau taws ntawm Vajtswv
Transliteration: ‘anaph (wayit’annaph YHWH)
Doctrine: Covenant Judgment and the Exile
Rejected alternatives: unqualified ‘npau taws’ associated only with capricious spirit/ancestor anger — rejected without explicit contrast teaching

Inherited from Romans package. Occurs at its most intensified pitch in the whole Bible at 17:18 (‘the LORD was very angry’), the climactic hinge verse of the exile narrative; inherited caution against appeasable-spirit-anger framing applies at full force here.

Idol

Approved rendering: dab mlom
Transliteration: gillulim / ‘elilim (general)
Doctrine: The Fall of Israel and Judah as Covenant Consequence
Rejected alternatives: generic ‘statue’ softening — rejected, must not soften the term since the text condemns exactly this category

Inherited from Romans package. Recurs throughout 2 Kings (12, 17, 18, 21, 23); the intensified Hebrew term ‘gillulim’ (lit. ‘dung-pellets’) at 17:12 should be preserved rhetorically via a footnote qualifier (‘tej dab mlom qias tsis muaj qabhau’) rather than by altering this base lexical anchor.

Sin Act And Condition

Approved rendering: txhaum / kev txhaum
Transliteration: chata
Doctrine: The Fall of Israel and Judah as Covenant Consequence

Inherited from Romans package. 2 Kings requires teaching this as cumulative, generational, national covenant guilt (cf. Manasseh’s guilt cited as proximate cause of Judah’s exile, 24:3-4), not merely individually-incurred, ritually-reparable social fault as in Hmong custom.

Faith Believe

Approved rendering: kev ntseeg / ntseeg
Transliteration: aman (he’eminu)
Doctrine: The Fall of Israel and Judah as Covenant Consequence

Inherited from Romans package. Same root-family as biblical ‘Amen’; at 17:14 must be anchored explicitly to its object (‘the LORD their God’) to avoid generic-belief drift, per the identical Romans-baseline requirement.

Power

Approved rendering: hwjchim
Transliteration: dynamis (NT equivalent concept)
Doctrine: Prophetic Ministry and Miraculous Power (Elijah and Elisha)
Rejected alternatives: bare, unqualified hwjchim — FORBIDDEN, identical to a shaman’s (txiv neeb) ritual power

Inherited from Romans package. Deliberately NOT used as the default rendering for Elijah/Elisha’s miracles in this book; ‘txujci tseem ceeb’ (great wonder/miracle) is the reserved term for prophetic miracles instead, precisely to avoid re-opening the shamanic-power collision in the doctrine’s highest-stakes narrative context. ‘hwjchim’ remains reserved for its Romans-baseline senses only within this curriculum.

Worship Serve Cultic

Approved rendering: pehawm / pab teev
Transliteration: ‘abad (OT equivalent concept)
Doctrine: The Fall of Israel and Judah as Covenant Consequence
Rejected alternatives: bare, unanchored pehawm — FORBIDDEN, identical verb used for pehawm dab (ancestor/spirit veneration)

Inherited from Romans package. Extended to the new 2 Kings entry ‘syncretism_formula’ (17:33, ‘feared the LORD, yet served their own gods’) — the object of pehawm must always be stated, exactly as required in the Romans baseline; this book’s dual-worship narrative is a direct, real-world pastoral concern.

Lord Yhwh Covenant Name

Approved rendering: tus TSWV
Transliteration: YHWH
Doctrine: Covenant Judgment and the Exile
Rejected alternatives: Yehauvas (transliterated divine name) — PERMANENTLY FORBIDDEN, sectarian NWT pattern forbidden under the Romans baseline §3.1 and reinforced here with greater force since every royal-evaluation formula and covenant-judgment clause in this book hinges on this specific covenant name

NEW ENTRY. Paraphrase-with-typographic-marking strategy (small-caps convention mirroring English Bible tradition), distinct from the generic baseline ‘lord’ (tus Tswv). This is a permanent, cross-book paraphrase-not-transliteration decision for the covenant name YHWH, per analysis/06_linguistic_gap_analysis.md §3.3.

Custom Of The Nations

Approved rendering: tej kevcai/kab ke ntawm lwm haiv neeg
Transliteration: chuqqah (negative sense)
Doctrine: The Fall of Israel and Judah as Covenant Consequence

NEW ENTRY. Occurs 17:8. Shares the ‘kevcai’ root with ‘statute_gods_own’ and with the baseline ‘law_mosaic_divine’ by deliberate design; without a clear contextual qualifier identifying the source at every occurrence, the passage’s central charge (custom-substitution) is lost.

Prophet

Approved rendering: tus cev Vajtswv lus
Transliteration: nabi
Doctrine: Prophetic Ministry and Miraculous Power (Elijah and Elisha)
Rejected alternatives: tus saib yaig (fortune-teller/diviner) — forbidden equivalence, txiv neeb (shaman/spirit-medium) — forbidden equivalence

NEW ENTRY. Primary agent of revelation and warning throughout the book; occurs chs. 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 9, 13, 17, 19, 20, 21, 22 (feminine form at 22:14, Huldah), 23. Must be sharply distinguished from client-solicited, technique-based diviner/shaman roles; mandatory contrast-teaching at first occurrence.

Seer

Approved rendering: tus pom yav tom ntej
Transliteration: chozeh
Doctrine: God’s Patience through Repeated Prophetic Warning
Rejected alternatives: standalone use with no co-occurring ‘prophet’ gloss — rejected, its literal sense (‘one who sees the future’) closely parallels a diviner’s self-description

NEW ENTRY. Occurs 17:13, paired with ‘prophet’ to stress the totality of God’s warning agents. Must always co-occur with, or be glossed by, the ‘tus cev Vajtswv lus’ phrase to prevent assimilation into the diviner category.

Servants The Prophets

Approved rendering: kuv cov qhev, cov cev lus
Transliteration: avadai hannevi’im
Doctrine: God’s Patience through Repeated Prophetic Warning

NEW ENTRY. Occurs 17:13, 17:23. Extends the inherited baseline ‘servant_slave_doulos’ (qhev) term with its identical catechetical caution, applied here to the prophetic office collectively rather than to an individual apostle.

Anoint Anointing

Approved rendering: kev pleev roj tsa ua vaj ntxwv
Transliteration: mashach
Doctrine: Prophetic Ministry and Miraculous Power (Elijah and Elisha)

NEW ENTRY. Occurs ch. 9 (Jehu’s anointing). Must be distinguished from Hmong folk healing/blessing oil-application rituals performed by a shaman; must NOT be conflated with, though etymologically related to, ‘Yexus Khetos’ (Anointed One) fixed in the Romans baseline — no 2 Kings figure is himself a redemptive messianic type.

Turn Repent

Approved rendering: tig rov qab los cuag Vajtswv
Transliteration: shuv
Doctrine: God’s Patience through Repeated Prophetic Warning
Rejected alternatives: hloov siab tshiab (baseline renewal_of_the_mind, an NT first-conversion idiom) — rejected as a substitute, since shuv here denotes covenant-relational RETURN of an already-covenanted people, not first conversion

NEW ENTRY. Occurs 17:13. Linchpin of God’s gracious, repeated appeal; flattening into a cold ‘obey the rules’ instruction loses the relational warmth central to the Hope amid Judgment doctrine.

High Place

Approved rendering: tej chaw siab teev dab
Transliteration: bamah
Doctrine: The Fall of Israel and Judah as Covenant Consequence

NEW ENTRY. Recurring refrain term (‘but he did not remove the high places’), occurring chs. 12, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 21, 23; must be rendered identically at every occurrence. Direct structural parallel to Hmong veneration of hill/mountain/nature-site spirits (dab teb chaws).

Asherah Pole Image

Approved rendering: ncej dab Aseyas
Transliteration: Asherah / Asherim
Doctrine: The Fall of Israel and Judah as Covenant Consequence
Rejected alternatives: decorative pole (softened) — rejected

NEW ENTRY. Occurs chs. 17, 18, 21 (placed inside the Temple itself, its most severe desecration), 23. Same category as ‘idol’.

Molten Image Calf

Approved rendering: tus mlom menyuam nyuj kub
Transliteration: massekah, egel(im)
Doctrine: The Fall of Israel and Judah as Covenant Consequence
Rejected alternatives: ‘statue’ (softened) — rejected

NEW ENTRY. Occurs ch. 10 (background), 17:16. Echoes Jeroboam I’s golden calves (1 Kings 12) and the Sinai calf (Exodus 32); requires a mandatory cross-reference footnote at every occurrence, per analysis/06_linguistic_gap_analysis.md §2.1.

Host Of Heaven

Approved rendering: cov hnub, hli, thiab hnub qub saum ntuj
Transliteration: tseva hashamayim
Doctrine: The Fall of Israel and Judah as Covenant Consequence
Rejected alternatives: generic ‘worship of nature’s beauty’ (softened) — rejected

NEW ENTRY. Occurs 17:16, 21:3-5, 23:4-5. Must be explicit that these are created things (cf. inherited baseline ‘creation’), never divine.

Baal Deity

Approved rendering: dab Npa-as
Transliteration: Ba’al
Doctrine: The Fall of Israel and Judah as Covenant Consequence
Rejected alternatives: bare transliterated proper name with no ‘dab’ qualifier — FORBIDDEN, would appear to legitimize the deity

NEW ENTRY. Occurs chs. 9, 10, 17. Must always carry the ‘dab’ (spirit/false-god) qualifier, never rendered as a neutral proper name alone.

Went After Vanity Became Vain

Approved rendering: lawv qab tej dab mlom uas tsis muaj qabhau, thiab lawv tus kheej kuj tsis muaj qabhau thiab
Transliteration: halak acharei ha-hevel wayehbalu
Doctrine: The Fall of Israel and Judah as Covenant Consequence

NEW ENTRY. Occurs 17:15. Not a collision but a fidelity risk: the mirroring wordplay (worshipers become like the worthless things they worship) is theologically rich and must be preserved in teaching notes even at the cost of a longer Hmong phrasing than the compact Hebrew idiom.

Despise Reject

Approved rendering: tsis quav ntsej / saib tsis muaj nqis
Transliteration: ma’as
Doctrine: Covenant Judgment and the Exile
Rejected alternatives: two unrelated Hmong verbs for vv.15 and 20 — rejected, would obscure the deliberate reciprocity of the text

NEW ENTRY. Occurs 17:15 (Israel despises God’s statutes) and 17:20 (God, in poetic justice, rejects Israel) — the same Hmong verb must be used for both occurrences to preserve this reciprocal pairing.

Drove Israel Away Causative Sin Headship

Approved rendering: coj Yixalayees tsis lawv qab tus TSWV lawm, ua rau lawv txhaum loj
Transliteration: hiddiach
Doctrine: The Fall of Israel and Judah as Covenant Consequence

NEW ENTRY. Occurs 17:21 (Jeroboam I). A structural (not doctrinal-equivalence) parallel to the Romans-baseline Adam-Christ federal-headship typology; careful framing required so learners see Jeroboam as structurally illustrative of representative headship, not theologically equated with Adam. Ranked #8 in analysis/06_linguistic_gap_analysis.md §4.

Bones Relic That Raise The Dead

Approved rendering: cov pob txha ntawm Elisa
Transliteration: ‘atzmot Elisha
Doctrine: Prophetic Ministry and Miraculous Power (Elijah and Elisha)

NEW ENTRY. Occurs ch. 13 (13:21). Direct relic-veneration collision risk; must be taught as a unique, sovereign, non-repeatable divine act, never as evidence of inherent relic-power available for repeated ritual access. Cross-teach with ‘burned_human_bones_defilement’ (ch. 23) and ‘bronze_serpent_turned_idol’ (ch. 18).

Burned Human Bones Defilement

Approved rendering: hlawv cov pob txha neeg
Transliteration: saraph ‘atzmot adam
Doctrine: Josiah’s Reforms and the Rediscovered Law

NEW ENTRY. Occurs ch. 23 (23:20). An ironic reversal of ch. 13’s bones-that-give-life motif; same relic-sensitivity category as ‘bones_relic_that_raise_the_dead’ — cross-teach together to establish bones/remains carry no inherent power in either direction apart from God’s sovereign purposes.

Medium Risk Terms

Hardening

Approved rendering: lub siab tawv
Transliteration: qashah oreph / pōrōsis (NT equivalent concept)
Doctrine: God’s Patience through Repeated Prophetic Warning

Inherited from Romans package. Extended at 17:14 (‘stiffened the neck,’ qashah oreph) to describe Israel’s historic pattern of stubborn covenant resistance to prophetic warning.

Word Of The Lord

Approved rendering: tus TSWV Txoj Lus
Transliteration: devar YHWH
Doctrine: God’s Patience through Repeated Prophetic Warning

NEW ENTRY. Occasion-specific prophetic message/utterance; recurs chs. 1, 3, 7, 9, 17, 19, 20, 24. Must be kept distinct from ‘scripture’ (Vaj Lug Kub, the written canon).

Fire From Heaven

Approved rendering: hluavtaws poob saum ntuj los
Transliteration: esh min-hashamayim
Doctrine: Prophetic Ministry and Miraculous Power (Elijah and Elisha)

NEW ENTRY. Occurs ch. 1 (twice, against Ahaziah’s messengers). Must be taught as God’s sovereign act, not the prophet’s personal magical power.

Statute Gods Own

Approved rendering: kevcai Vajtswv teem tseg
Transliteration: chuqqah (positive sense)
Doctrine: Josiah’s Reforms and the Rediscovered Law

NEW ENTRY. Occurs 17:13, 15. Deliberately shares the ‘kevcai’ root with ‘custom_of_the_nations’ below to preserve the Hebrew wordplay (Israel swapped God’s chuqqot for the nations’ chuqqot); the qualifying phrase, not root suppression, is the disambiguation strategy.

Commandment

Approved rendering: lus samhwm
Transliteration: mitzvah
Doctrine: Covenant Judgment and the Exile

NEW ENTRY. Occurs 17:13, 22:13. Comprehension-level term reinforcing the comprehensive, single covenantal source of Israel’s obligations.

Testimony Testimonies

Approved rendering: cov lus timkhawv ntawm Txoj Kevcai
Transliteration: eduth
Doctrine: Covenant Judgment and the Exile

NEW ENTRY. Occurs 17:15. Compound built on the inherited baseline ‘witness’ root.

Trust Rely Upon

Approved rendering: vam khom / tso siab rau
Transliteration: batach
Doctrine: Hope amid Judgment

NEW ENTRY. Negative instance at ch. 16 (Ahaz trusting Assyria); positive instance at ch. 18 (Hezekiah trusting the LORD). Distinct nuance from ‘faith_believe’ (ntseeg, intellectual/relational belief); batach emphasizes reliance/security-seeking.

Pillar Standing Stone

Approved rendering: pob zeb tsa muaj cim teev dab
Transliteration: matzevah
Doctrine: The Fall of Israel and Judah as Covenant Consequence
Rejected alternatives: neutral ‘monument’ — rejected as a softening

NEW ENTRY. Occurs 17:10. Comprehension-level; no direct Hmong ritual-object parallel.

Sold Themselves To Evil

Approved rendering: muab lawv tus kheej cob rau kev phem
Transliteration: hitmakkeru la’asoth hara’
Doctrine: The Fall of Israel and Judah as Covenant Consequence

NEW ENTRY. Occurs 17:17. Vivid idiom of total, willing self-surrender to evil; comprehension-level, no collision.

Afflict Oppress

Approved rendering: tsim txom
Transliteration: ‘anah
Doctrine: Covenant Judgment and the Exile

NEW ENTRY. Occurs 17:20. God’s disciplinary affliction of the covenant-breaking nation; comprehension-level, no collision.

Open The Eyes Spiritual Perception

Approved rendering: qhib qhov muag kom pom
Transliteration: paqach ene
Doctrine: Prophetic Ministry and Miraculous Power (Elijah and Elisha)

NEW ENTRY. Occurs ch. 6 (6:17). Distinguish from folk claims of ‘second sight’ granted by spirit familiars; here sight is granted sovereignly and temporarily by God for a specific revelatory purpose.

Zeal

Approved rendering: kev npau siab/kub siab rau tus TSWV
Transliteration: qin’ah
Doctrine: The Fall of Israel and Judah as Covenant Consequence

NEW ENTRY. Occurs ch. 10 (10:16, Jehu). Genuine but incomplete zeal — a teaching nuance about partial reform not equating to full covenant faithfulness, not a collision.

Tear Ones Garments

Approved rendering: dua/rhe nws lub tsho
Transliteration: qara’ et-begadav
Doctrine: Josiah’s Reforms and the Rediscovered Law

NEW ENTRY. Occurs ch. 22 (22:11). Recognizable grief/contrition gesture; brief cultural note recommended, no doctrinal collision.

Royal Evaluation Formula

Approved rendering: ua qhov phem/qhov zoo rau tus TSWV pom
Transliteration: ra’/tov be’ene YHWH
Doctrine: The Fall of Israel and Judah as Covenant Consequence
Rejected alternatives: stylistic variation across occurrences — rejected, the refrain’s formulaic repetition is itself theologically significant (cumulative indictment/commendation)

NEW ENTRY. The Deuteronomistic covenant-lawsuit refrain used ~40 times across nearly every royal narrative (1, 3, 8, 9-16, 17, 18, 21-24). Must be rendered identically at every occurrence throughout the book.

Royal Kindness To Jehoiachin

Approved rendering: kev tau txais kev hlub/kev zoo siab ntawm vaj ntxwv
Transliteration: (narrative; chesed-adjacent, no fixed technical term)
Doctrine: Hope amid Judgment
Rejected alternatives: txiaj ntsim (baseline grace term) — PERMANENTLY FORBIDDEN, reserved exclusively for unmerited soteriological grace and must not be diluted by application to a human king’s political favor

NEW ENTRY. Occurs ch. 25 (25:27-30), the book’s closing note. The thematic ‘hope amid judgment’ connection must be made explicit only in teaching commentary, never folded into the lexical choice itself.

Divine Patience Forbearance

Approved rendering: kev ua siab ntev tos
Transliteration: (no single fixed Hebrew term; cf. ‘erek appayim, ‘slow to anger’, general concept)
Doctrine: God’s Patience through Repeated Prophetic Warning
Rejected alternatives: hmoov (fate) vocabulary — rejected, God’s patience is purposeful forbearance, not passive inevitability

NEW COINAGE, pending TM-revision review. Built on the inherited baseline ‘endurance’ term (kev ua siab ntev), extended with ‘tos’ (to wait/await) to capture God’s repeated, purposeful delay of judgment while sending warning after warning (17:13 and the whole prophetic-warning motif). Recommended by analysis/06_linguistic_gap_analysis.md §2.1 to fill a genuine missing-vocabulary gap, not a collision.

Low Risk Terms

God

Approved rendering: Vajtswv
Transliteration: elohim
Doctrine: General / Cross-cutting
Rejected alternatives: Ntuj (impersonal sky/heaven) — rejected, lacks personal deity sense, dab (spirit) — rejected, denotes false/lesser spirit

Inherited from Romans package. Identical referent throughout 2 Kings; contrasted throughout the book with ‘dab’ (false gods/idols) and with ‘lwm tus dab’ (other gods) condemned at 17:7.

Lord

Approved rendering: tus Tswv
Transliteration: kyrios (generic ‘lord/master’ sense)
Doctrine: General / Cross-cutting

Inherited from Romans package. Reserved for the generic title ‘lord/master’; must remain typographically and lexically distinct from the new 2 Kings entry ‘lord_yhwh_covenant_name’ (tus TSWV), which marks God’s personal covenant name, not a generic title.

Remnant

Approved rendering: cov seem
Transliteration: she’erith (implied, ‘none left but Judah’)
Doctrine: The Fall of Israel and Judah as Covenant Consequence

Inherited from Romans package. Applied at 17:18 to Judah’s survival when the northern kingdom falls.

Promise

Approved rendering: lus cog tseg
Transliteration: epangelia (NT equivalent concept)
Doctrine: Covenant Judgment and the Exile

Inherited from Romans package. Reserved for God’s unilateral pledges (e.g., to Abraham/David); must remain lexically and doctrinally distinct from the new 2 Kings entry ‘covenant’ (kev cog lus, berith) — covenant and promise are related but not identical, per the formal request in analysis/07_semantic_analysis.md and analysis/08_core_glossary.md.

Creation

Approved rendering: tej uas raug tsim los
Transliteration: ktisis (NT equivalent concept)
Doctrine: The Fall of Israel and Judah as Covenant Consequence

Inherited from Romans package. Referenced in teaching notes for the new entry ‘host_of_heaven’ (17:16, 21, 23) to make explicit that the sun, moon, and stars are created things, never divine.

Endurance

Approved rendering: kev ua siab ntev
Transliteration: hypomonē (NT equivalent concept)
Doctrine: God’s Patience through Repeated Prophetic Warning

Inherited from Romans package. Serves as the lexical base for the new 2 Kings coinage ‘divine_patience_forbearance’ (kev ua siab ntev tos), which extends this term with ‘tos’ (to wait/await) to capture God’s purposeful, waiting-before-judgment forbearance distinct from mere endurance-under-suffering.

Witness

Approved rendering: tus timkhawv
Transliteration: martys (NT equivalent concept)
Doctrine: Covenant Judgment and the Exile

Inherited from Romans package. Serves as the compound root for the new 2 Kings entry ‘testimony_testimonies’ (eduth, 17:15).

Scripture

Approved rendering: Vaj Lug Kub
Transliteration: graphē (NT equivalent concept)
Doctrine: Josiah’s Reforms and the Rediscovered Law

Inherited from Romans package. Denotes the written canon broadly; must be kept distinct from the new 2 Kings entry ‘word_of_the_lord’ (devar YHWH), the specific occasion-bound prophetic utterance, and from ‘book_of_the_law’ (sefer ha-Torah), the specific rediscovered Mosaic scroll.

Prayer

Approved rendering: kev thov Vajtswv
Transliteration: tefillah
Doctrine: Hope amid Judgment

NEW ENTRY. Occurs chs. 19-20 (Hezekiah’s prayer). Must never share a verb root with the condemned divination/mediumship vocabulary (see ‘divination’, ‘mediums_necromancy’).

Vassal Tributary King

Approved rendering: vaj ntxwv raug lwm haiv neeg kav
Transliteration: ‘eved (political sense)
Doctrine: The Fall of Israel and Judah as Covenant Consequence
Rejected alternatives: qhev (reused theological servant/slave term) — rejected, would dilute that term’s reserved theological weight

NEW ENTRY. Occurs 17:3-4, ch. 24 (Zedekiah). Purely political-structural term, no religious collision; deliberately NOT rendered with ‘qhev’.

Low-Medium Risk Terms

Renewal Of The Mind

Approved rendering: hloov siab tshiab
Transliteration: anakainōsis tou noos (NT equivalent concept)
Doctrine: God’s Patience through Repeated Prophetic Warning

Inherited from Romans package. Deliberately NOT used for the new 2 Kings entry ‘turn_repent’ (shuv, 17:13), which denotes covenant-relational return of an already-covenanted people rather than a first conversion-transformation event; the two terms must remain distinct in this curriculum.

Mantle Cloak

Approved rendering: tiab tsho
Transliteration: addereth
Doctrine: Prophetic Ministry and Miraculous Power (Elijah and Elisha)

NEW ENTRY. Occurs ch. 2. Symbol of office-succession; comprehension-level, brief explanatory note recommended (comparable to passing a chief’s staff).

Chariot Horses Of Fire

Approved rendering: tsheb nees hluavtaws
Transliteration: rekhev-esh vesusey esh
Doctrine: Prophetic Ministry and Miraculous Power (Elijah and Elisha)

NEW ENTRY. Occurs ch. 2. Theophanic imagery marking Elijah’s translation to heaven.

House Of The Lord Temple

Approved rendering: Lub Tuam Tsev ntawm tus TSWV
Transliteration: beit YHWH
Doctrine: Covenant Judgment and the Exile

NEW ENTRY. Occurs chs. 11, 12, 18, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25. Stable, central location term; the central legitimate locus of worship contrasted throughout with the high places; must remain consistent across every occurrence including its destruction at ch. 25.

Passover

Approved rendering: Kevcai Hla Dhau
Transliteration: Pesach
Doctrine: Josiah’s Reforms and the Rediscovered Law

NEW ENTRY. Occurs ch. 23 (23:21-23), Josiah’s unprecedented Passover celebration following covenant renewal. Established Hmong Christian term retained; introduce with first-occurrence explanatory gloss connecting to the Exodus deliverance referenced at 17:7.

Medium-High Risk Terms

Angel Messenger Of The Lord

Approved rendering: tus Tubtxib Saum Ntuj ntawm tus TSWV
Transliteration: mal’akh YHWH
Doctrine: Prophetic Ministry and Miraculous Power (Elijah and Elisha)
Rejected alternatives: bare ‘tus Tubtxib ntawm tus TSWV’ with no ‘Saum Ntuj’ qualifier — rejected, risks confusion with baseline apostle (tus Tub Txib) human office

NEW ENTRY. Occurs at 19:35 (striking the Assyrian camp). The mandatory ‘Saum Ntuj’ (heavenly/from heaven) qualifier must always be present, structurally parallel to other mandatory-qualifier terms already fixed in the Romans baseline.

Humble Oneself Tender Heart

Approved rendering: txo nws lub siab rau Vajtswv
Transliteration: nikhna
Doctrine: Hope amid Judgment

NEW ENTRY. Occurs 22:19-20 (Josiah). Must be taught as genuine covenant-relational contrition, not mere emotional softness or fear of punishment; must be explicitly cross-referenced to ‘turn_repent’.

Inquire Of The Lord

Approved rendering: nrhiav Vajtswv lub siab / mus nug tus TSWV
Transliteration: darash et-YHWH
Doctrine: Prophetic Ministry and Miraculous Power (Elijah and Elisha)

NEW ENTRY. Occurs ch. 3. The legitimate positive counterpart to ‘divination’ and ‘omen_reading_soothsaying’; must be clearly taught as categorically different in method and legitimacy from soliciting a diviner, even though ‘seeking guidance’ is a shared surface concept.

Sign

Approved rendering: lub cim
Transliteration: oth
Doctrine: Hope amid Judgment

NEW ENTRY. Occurs ch. 20 (sundial shadow reversing). Must be clearly distinguished from the condemned omen-reading vocabulary; a sign here is God’s sovereign confirming act given in response to prayer, not a technique for extracting hidden knowledge.

Leprosy

Approved rendering: mob ruas
Transliteration: tsara’ath
Doctrine: Prophetic Ministry and Miraculous Power (Elijah and Elisha)

NEW ENTRY. Occurs ch. 5 (Naaman healed, Gehazi afflicted), ch. 15 (Azariah/Uzziah judged). Must be taught as either divine healing or specific divine judgment by God’s direct word alone, never conflated with the Hmong folk-illness category ‘mob dab’ (spirit-caused sickness) requiring shamanic remediation.

Bronze Serpent Turned Idol

Approved rendering: tus nab tooj lag uas luag pheej teev
Transliteration: Nechushtan (implied)
Doctrine: The Fall of Israel and Judah as Covenant Consequence

NEW ENTRY. Occurs ch. 18 (18:4). Important teaching case: a legitimate, God-given object/symbol (Numbers 21) can become an idol if venerated for its own sake; relevant to converts retaining inherited ancestral religious paraphernalia. Cross-teach with ‘bones_relic_that_raise_the_dead’.

Library content is free and openly licensed under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 — share and adapt it for non-commercial use, with attribution to tri-bible.ai.