Semantic Analysis

Semantic Analysis — 1 Corinthians (Full Book) — English → Kannada

Curriculum: 1 Corinthians 1–16 Core passage: 1 Corinthians 15:1–11 Doctrines in scope: The Resurrection of Christ and Believers; Christian Unity versus Factionalism; The Cross as Wisdom and Power; Church Discipline and Holiness; Marriage and Singleness; Christian Liberty and Idol Meat; The Lord’s Supper; Spiritual Gifts and the Body of Christ; Love as the Greater Way; Order in Worship

Governing rule: Every term already present in the baseline Romans translation_memory.json / bible_term_registry.json is reused here with its exact recorded Kannada rendering. Such terms are marked [REUSED — Romans TM] below. New terms required for 1 Corinthians vocabulary are analyzed fresh and marked [NEW], with a risk tier proposed for carry-forward into this curriculum’s own translation memory.

Kannada script is used for all destination-language forms, with transliteration given in IAST-style romanization for reviewer convenience only (never for output).

PART A — CORE PASSAGE: 1 Corinthians 15:1–11 (Verse-by-Verse)

This is the theological anchor of the whole curriculum: Paul’s earliest-attested creedal summary of the gospel, hinging entirely on the historicity of Christ’s death, burial, resurrection, and appearances. Every load-bearing term is analyzed below.

Verse 1 — “Now I would remind you, brothers, of the gospel I preached to you, which you received, in which you stand”

Term	Original	Transliteration	Literal meaning	Semantic range	English variants	Contextual theological meaning	Kannada rendering & risk
gospel	εὐαγγέλιον	euangelion	good news/announcement	authoritative royal/victory announcement; NT: the saving message of Christ	gospel, good news	[REUSED — Romans TM] The specific, once-for-all announcement Paul is about to define propositionally in vv.3–5 — not one teaching among several.	ಸುವಾರ್ತೆ (suvārte). High risk per baseline; reuse exactly.
preached	εὐαγγελίζω	euangelizomai	to announce good news	to proclaim, evangelize	preached, proclaimed, announced	Paul’s original apostolic proclamation act, the founding event of the Corinthian church.	ಸುವಾರ್ತೆ ಸಾರಿದೆನು (suvārte sāridenu). Low-Medium; keep verb tied to ಸುವಾರ್ತೆ root for consistency.
received	παραλαμβάνω	paralambanō	to take/receive alongside	to receive a tradition, take possession, accept	received, accepted, took	[NEW] Technical term (paired with v.3 “delivered”) for the formal transmission of authoritative tradition — same verb pair used in rabbinic tradition-transmission language. This is not casual hearing but formal reception of fixed apostolic content.	ಸ್ವೀಕರಿಸಿದಿರಿ (svīkarisidiri). Medium — must convey formal reception of a fixed message, not vague personal impression; pairs with “delivered” in v.3.
stand	ἵστημι	histēmi (ἑστήκατε, perfect)	to stand, have stood, remain standing	to stand firm, to be established, to persist	stand, stand firm, remain	The perfect tense signals a settled, ongoing position — believers presently stand upon this gospel as foundation.	ನಿಂತಿದ್ದೀರಿ (nintiddīri). Low.

Verse 2 — “and by which you are being saved, if you hold fast to the word I preached to you—unless you believed in vain”

Term	Original	Transliteration	Literal meaning	Semantic range	English variants	Contextual theological meaning	Kannada rendering & risk
saved / being saved	σῴζεσθε	sōzesthe (present passive)	to be saved, rescued	deliverance from danger, sickness, death, or (theologically) sin’s penalty and power	are saved, are being saved, are in the process of being saved	[REUSED — Romans TM concept] The present tense signals a salvation that is applied and being worked out through ongoing faith, not merely a past event — yet it is the same ρακ್ಷಣೆ (rakṣaṇe) as Romans, a personal deliverance retaining the believer’s distinct identity, never an absorption or release from rebirth.	ರಕ್ಷಣೆ ಹೊಂದುತ್ತಿದ್ದೀರಿ (rakṣaṇe hondutiddīri). Critical — reuse ರಕ್ಷಣೆ root exactly; render present-tense nuance (“are being saved”) with ಹೊಂದುತ್ತಿದ್ದೀರಿ rather than a completed-action verb, so as not to erase the ongoing/persevering sense while still forbidding ಮೋಕ್ಷ/ಮುಕ್ತಿ/ಐಕ್ಯ absolutely.
hold fast	κατέχω	katechō	to hold down, hold firmly, retain	to retain, possess, restrain, hold in memory	hold fast, retain, keep	Continuing grip on the apostolic message as the condition of persevering salvation.	ಬಿಗಿಯಾಗಿ ಹಿಡಿದುಕೊಂಡಿದ್ದರೆ (bigiyāgi hiḍidukoṇḍiddare). Low-Medium.
believed in vain	εἰκῇ ἐπιστεύσατε	eikē episteusate	believed without purpose/to no effect	believed emptily, groundlessly	believed in vain, believed for nothing	Paul raises the possibility of a merely notional or unfounded faith, which the historical facts of vv.3–8 are meant to secure against.	ವ್ಯರ್ಥವಾಗಿ ನಂಬಿದಿರಿ (vyarthavāgi nambidiri). [REUSED — Romans TM] ನಂಬಿಕೆ/ನಂಬು root; High — reuse exactly, since this is the same exclusive-object faith defined in Romans, not devotional bhakti-surrender.

Verse 3 — “For I delivered to you as of first importance what I also received: that Christ died for our sins in accordance with the Scriptures”

Term	Original	Transliteration	Literal meaning	Semantic range	English variants	Contextual theological meaning	Kannada rendering & risk
delivered	παραδίδωμι	paradidōmi	to hand over, transmit	to hand down tradition, hand over to authorities, betray	delivered, handed down, passed on	[NEW] Paired technical term with “received” (v.1) — the fixed, controlled transmission of core apostolic tradition, traceable to eyewitnesses.	ಒಪ್ಪಿಸಿದೆನು (oppisidenu). Medium — must convey formal, careful transmission of fixed content, not personal opinion-sharing.
of first importance	ἐν πρώτοις	en prōtois	among first things	of primary rank, foremost priority	as of first importance, as of first priority, first of all	Marks vv.3–5 as the creedal core — the irreducible minimum of the gospel.	ಪ್ರಥಮ ಪ್ರಾಮುಖ್ಯತೆಯುಳ್ಳದ್ದಾಗಿ (prathama prāmukhyateyuḷḷadāgi). Low.
Christ	Χριστός	Christos	Anointed One	the Messiah; used by Paul nearly as a proper name for Jesus	Christ, the Christ, Messiah	[REUSED — Romans TM: “messiah” entry] Same exclusive OT-promised deliverer as in Romans — never one of several avatars or a Sharana-type realized teacher.	ಕ್ರಿಸ್ತ (Krista); ಮೆಸ್ಸೀಯ where the messianic title itself is in view. Critical — reuse exactly.
died	ἀπέθανεν	apethanen	he died	literal death	died	Establishes Christ’s genuine, historical human death — foundational to both atonement and the reality of the resurrection that follows.	ಸತ್ತನು (sattanu). Critical — must be a plain, unambiguous verb of real death, with no docetic softening.
for our sins	ὑπὲρ τῶν ἁμαρτιῶν ἡμῶν	hyper tōn hamartiōn hēmōn	on behalf of/for our sins	substitutionary/representative sense of ὑπέρ; sin as moral transgression before God	for our sins, because of our sins, on account of our sins	[REUSED — Romans TM: “sin”] Substitutionary atonement claim — Christ’s death addresses ಪಾಪ (pāpa) before a personal, judging God, not an impersonal karmic ledger.	ನಮ್ಮ ಪಾಪಗಳಿಗಾಗಿ (namma pāpagaḷigāgi). High — reuse ಪಾಪ exactly; preserve substitutionary “for/on behalf of” sense.
according to the Scriptures	κατὰ τὰς γραφάς	kata tas graphas	according to the writings	in fulfillment of, in agreement with the (OT) Scriptures	according to the Scriptures, as the Scriptures said, as it is written	[REUSED — Romans TM doctrine: “fulfillment_of_prophecy”] Linear, one-time historical fulfillment of specific OT texts (e.g., Isaiah 53) — not cyclical yuga-time or a stage in personal spiritual ascent.	ಬರೆದಿರುವ ಪ್ರಕಾರ / ಪವಿತ್ರ ಗ್ರಂಥಾನುಸಾರ (baredīruva prakāra / pavitra granthānusāra). High — needs brief translator’s note/footnote for readers with low OT narrative literacy, per baseline audience notes.

Verse 4 — “that he was buried, that he was raised on the third day in accordance with the Scriptures”

Term	Original	Transliteration	Literal meaning	Semantic range	English variants	Contextual theological meaning	Kannada rendering & risk
buried	ἐτάφη	etaphē (from θάπτω, thaptō)	he was buried	interment of a corpse	buried, laid in a tomb	[NEW] Confirms the reality and completeness of Christ’s death — a body was placed in a tomb, providing the empty-tomb backdrop for v.4b.	ಸಮಾಧಿಯಾದನು (samādhiyādanu). Medium — note that ಸಮಾಧಿ can also mean a meditative/yogic trance state (samādhi) in Hindu usage; here it must be read strictly as “was buried/entombed,” and translators should avoid phrasing that could suggest Christ entered a meditative trance rather than dying and being interred.
raised	ἐγήγερται	egēgertai (perfect passive of ἐγείρω, egeirō)	has been raised (and remains risen)	to wake, rise up, raise from death	was raised, has been raised, rose	[REUSED — Romans TM: “resurrection”] The perfect tense is theologically weighty: a completed past act with a continuing present result — Christ is presently in the risen state. Never ಪುನರ್ಜನ್ಮ; this ends death rather than continuing a cycle.	ಎಬ್ಬಿಸಲ್ಪಟ್ಟಿದ್ದಾನೆ (ebbisalpaṭṭiddāne). Critical — reuse ಪುನರುತ್ಥಾನ noun-family; render the perfect-tense force (“has been raised and remains risen”) rather than a simple past, since this abiding-result nuance underlies 15:12–20’s entire argument.
third day	τῇ ἡμέρᾳ τῇ τρίτῃ	tē hēmera tē tritē	on the third day	specific, dated, historical time reference	on the third day, the third day	Anchors the resurrection as a datable historical event, not a mythic or timeless motif.	ಮೂರನೆಯ ದಿನದಲ್ಲಿ (mūraneya dinadalli). Low.
according to the Scriptures	κατὰ τὰς γραφάς	kata tas graphas	(as above)	(as above)	(as above)	Repetition underscores that both death and resurrection were foretold and fulfilled — a matched pair of prophetic fulfillments.	(Repeat rendering above.) High — consistency with v.3 rendering required.

Verse 5 — “and that he appeared to Cephas, then to the twelve”

Term	Original	Transliteration	Literal meaning	Semantic range	English variants	Contextual theological meaning	Kannada rendering & risk
appeared	ὤφθη	ōphthē (passive of ὁράω, horaō)	was seen, appeared	to become visible to, to be seen by; used elsewhere for theophanies (e.g., LXX)	appeared, was seen by, showed himself to	[NEW] A quasi-technical resurrection-appearance verb, distinct from a vision or dream; implies an objective, bodily encounter available to named, nameable witnesses.	ಕಾಣಿಸಿಕೊಂಡನು (kāṇisikoṇḍanu). Critical — must convey an objective, bodily appearing to real historical witnesses, not a subjective vision, mystical trance, or inner spiritual experience (as could be conflated with darshan-style visionary devotional experience in bhakti tradition).
Cephas	Κηφᾶς	Kēphas	rock (Aramaic)	Peter’s Aramaic name	Cephas, Peter	Proper name; establishes the first, most authoritative named witness.	ಕೇಫ (Kēpha), commonly glossed with ಪೇತ್ರ (Pētra/Peter) in text apparatus. Low — proper name, established form.
the twelve	οἱ δώδεκα	hoi dōdeka	the twelve	the twelve apostles as a fixed group	the Twelve, the twelve apostles	A recognized, bounded body of official witnesses — not an open or informal group.	ಹನ್ನೆರಡು ಮಂದಿ (hannneraḍu mandi). Low.

Verse 6 — “Then he appeared to more than five hundred brothers at one time, most of whom are still alive, though some have fallen asleep”

Term	Original	Transliteration	Literal meaning	Semantic range	English variants	Contextual theological meaning	Kannada rendering & risk
five hundred brothers	πεντακοσίοις ἀδελφοῖς	pentakosiois adelphois	five hundred brothers	a specific, checkable number of named/nameable eyewitnesses	more than five hundred brothers	Paul offers a falsifiable historical claim — an invitation to cross-examine living witnesses, underscoring the historicity (not mythic status) of the resurrection.	ಐನೂರಕ್ಕಿಂತ ಹೆಚ್ಚು ಸಹೋದರರು (ainūrakkinta heccu sahōdararu). Low-Medium.
at one time	ἐφάπαξ	ephapax	at once, on one occasion	a single simultaneous occurrence	at one time, at once, simultaneously	Rules out reading the appearance as a string of separate, subjective visions.	ಒಂದೇ ಸಲ (ondē sala). Low.
fallen asleep	κοιμάω	kekoimēntai (perfect of κοιμάω, koimaō)	have fallen asleep	euphemism for death, common in both Greek and NT usage	have died, have fallen asleep, are deceased	[NEW] A common NT euphemism implying death is temporary in light of the resurrection — the person “sleeps” awaiting bodily rising, not passing into another birth.	ನಿದ್ರೆಹೋಗಿದ್ದಾರೆ (nidrehōgiddāre). Medium — this euphemism must be understood as pointing toward future bodily resurrection (developed fully in ch.15:35–58), not toward reincarnation into a new body or dissolution of the soul; a brief translator’s note is advisable on first use.

Verse 7 — “Then he appeared to James, then to all the apostles”

Term	Original	Transliteration	Literal meaning	Semantic range	English variants	Contextual theological meaning	Kannada rendering & risk
James	Ἰάκωβος	Iakōbos	James (Jacob)	the Lord’s brother, later Jerusalem church leader	James	Proper name; another named, checkable witness, notably a family member and former skeptic (cf. John 7:5).	ಯಾಕೋಬ (Yākōba). Low — established form.
all the apostles	πᾶσιν τοῖς ἀποστόλοις	pasin tois apostolois	all the apostles	the wider apostolic circle beyond the Twelve	all the apostles	[REUSED — Romans TM: “apostle”] A broader group than the Twelve, all commissioned witnesses of the risen Christ — not a self-attained guru/jangama teaching status.	ಅಪೊಸ್ತಲರೆಲ್ಲರೂ (apostalarellarū). Medium — reuse ಅಪೊಸ್ತಲ exactly.

Verse 8 — “Last of all, as to one untimely born, he appeared also to me”

Term	Original	Transliteration	Literal meaning	Semantic range	English variants	Contextual theological meaning	Kannada rendering & risk
last of all	ἔσχατον πάντων	eschaton pantōn	last of all	final, concluding position in the list	last of all, finally	Marks the closing and unusual final appearance — to Paul himself, after the ascension.	ಎಲ್ಲರಿಗಿಂತ ಕಡೆಯದಾಗಿ (ellarigintā kaḍeyadāgi). Low.
untimely born	ἔκτρωμα	ektrōma	miscarried/stillborn fetus	an abnormally, violently, or prematurely born one	untimely born, one abnormally born, stillborn child	[NEW] A shocking self-description: Paul’s apostleship came through a sudden, unexpected, unmerited, almost violent divine intervention (the Damascus road), unlike the natural formation of the other apostles’ calling through years with the earthly Jesus.	ಅಕಾಲಿಕವಾಗಿ ಜನಿಸಿದವನಂತೆ (akālikavāgi janisidavanante). Medium-High — a vivid, humbling self-designation; must not be softened into a generic “unworthy” adjective, since the image itself (an untimely, unformed birth) carries the weight of undeserved, sovereign grace intruding unexpectedly — reinforcing rather than competing with v.10’s grace theme.

Verse 9 — “For I am the least of the apostles, unworthy to be called an apostle, because I persecuted the church of God”

Term	Original	Transliteration	Literal meaning	Semantic range	English variants	Contextual theological meaning	Kannada rendering & risk
least	ἐλάχιστος	elachistos	smallest, least	superlative of “small”; lowest in rank/esteem	the least, the smallest, the very least	Paul’s self-assessment relative to the other apostles, grounding the grace-not-merit argument of v.10.	ಅತಿ ಚಿಕ್ಕವನು (ati cikkavanu) / ಕನಿಷ್ಠನು (kaniṣṭhanu). Low.
unworthy / not fit	οὐκ εἰμὶ ἱκανός	ouk eimi hikanos	I am not sufficient/fit	adequate, qualified, competent	not fit, unworthy, not sufficient	Paul disqualifies himself by his own former hostility to the church — apostleship is entirely unearned.	ಯೋಗ್ಯನಲ್ಲ (yōgyanalla). Low-Medium.
called	καλεῖσθαι	kaleisthai	to be called	to be named, summoned, designated	called, named, termed	[REUSED — Romans TM: “called”] Same divine-summons vocabulary as Romans 1:1 — here Paul says he is unworthy even to bear the title, sharpening (not weakening) the sense that the call is God’s sovereign act, not a status he sought or earned.	ಕರೆಯಲ್ಪಡುವುದಕ್ಕೆ (kareyalpaḍuvudakke). High — reuse ಕರೆಯಲ್ಪಟ್ಟ root exactly.
persecuted	ἐδίωξα	ediōxa (from διώκω, diōkō)	I persecuted	to pursue, hound, persecute	persecuted, hunted down, harassed	Historical fact (cf. Acts 8–9) grounding Paul’s confession of unworthiness; makes his transformation itself a testimony to grace.	ಹಿಂಸೆಪಡಿಸಿದೆನು (hiṃsepaḍisidenu). Medium.
church of God	ἐκκλησία τοῦ θεοῦ	ekklēsia tou theou	assembly/church of God	the gathered covenant community	church of God, God’s church	[REUSED — Romans TM: “church”] The concrete, historical community Paul once attacked — not a building or ritual institution.	ದೇವರ ಸಭೆ (Dēvara sabhe). Medium — reuse ಸಭೆ exactly.

Verse 10 — “But by the grace of God I am what I am, and his grace toward me was not in vain. On the contrary, I worked harder than any of them, though it was not I, but the grace of God that is with me”

Term	Original	Transliteration	Literal meaning	Semantic range	English variants	Contextual theological meaning	Kannada rendering & risk
grace	χάρις	charis	favor, gift	unmerited favor/gift	grace, unmerited favor, God’s kindness	[REUSED — Romans TM: “grace”] Triply repeated in this verse for emphasis — the entire transformation of the persecutor into the hardest-working apostle is attributed wholly to unearned divine favor, not to Paul’s own merit, discipline, or sacred labor (contrast kayaka-dasoha “earned standing through disciplined work”).	ಕೃಪೆ (kṛpe). Critical/High — reuse exactly; this verse is the single clearest Pauline statement in 1 Corinthians of grace vs. merit and must be flagged for theologian review to ensure the threefold repetition of ಕೃಪೆ is preserved, not varied stylistically.
what I am	ὅ εἰμι	ho eimi	that which I am	one’s present identity/status	what I am, who I am	Paul’s entire apostolic identity, not merely his actions, is grace’s product.	ನಾನು ಏನಾಗಿದ್ದೇನೋ ಅದು (nānu ēnāgiddēnō adu). Low.
not in vain	οὐ κενή	ou kenē	not empty	not without effect, not fruitless	not in vain, not without effect	Grace given was not wasted — it produced real, fruitful apostolic labor.	ವ್ಯರ್ಥವಾಗಲಿಲ್ಲ (vyarthavāgalilla). Low-Medium.
worked harder / labored more abundantly	περισσότερον ἐκοπίασα	perissoteron ekopiasa (κοπιάω, kopiaō)	I labored more, to the point of weariness	to toil, labor to exhaustion	I worked harder, I labored more abundantly, I toiled more	Paul’s vigorous ministry labor is itself presented as grace’s fruit, not a ground of independent boasting — resolving any tension with v.10’s grace claim.	ಹೆಚ್ಚಾಗಿ ಪ್ರಯಾಸಪಟ್ಟೆನು (heccāgi prayāsapaṭṭenu). Medium-High — must be immediately and clearly subordinated (as in the Greek’s own concluding clause) to “yet not I, but the grace of God,” so the labor is not read as a Lingayat kayaka-style meritorious work earning apostolic standing.
the grace of God that is with me	ἡ χάρις τοῦ θεοῦ ἡ σὺν ἐμοί	hē charis tou theou hē syn emoi	the grace of God that is with me	grace as an active, accompanying divine power	God’s grace within/with me	Grace is not a past event only but a present, ongoing empowering companion of Paul’s ministry.	ನನ್ನೊಂದಿಗಿರುವ ದೇವರ ಕೃಪೆ (nannondigiruva Dēvara kṛpe). High — reuse ಕೃಪೆ exactly.

Verse 11 — “Whether then it was I or they, so we preach and so you believed”

Term	Original	Transliteration	Literal meaning	Semantic range	English variants	Contextual theological meaning	Kannada rendering & risk
whether I or they	εἴτε ἐγὼ εἴτε ἐκεῖνοι	eite egō eite ekeinoi	whether I or those (others)	inclusive disjunction	whether it was I or they	Paul deliberately de-centers himself: the message’s authority rests on its unified apostolic content, not on any one messenger’s personal stature or spiritual attainment.	ನಾನಾಗಲಿ ಅವರಾಗಲಿ (nānāgali avarāgali). Low.
so we preach	οὕτως κηρύσσομεν	houtōs kēryssomen (κηρύσσω, kēryssō)	thus we proclaim/herald	to announce as a herald, proclaim publicly with authority	so we preach, thus we proclaim	[NEW] κηρύσσω denotes formal, authoritative public heralding (distinct from εὐαγγελίζω’s “good-news announcing” and from a guru’s private teaching transmission) — a single, uniform gospel proclaimed identically by every apostle.	ಹೀಗೆ ನಾವು ಸಾರುತ್ತೇವೆ (hīge nāvu sāruttēve). Medium — should be distinguished, where possible, from a purely private/discipleship-transmission verb, to preserve the public-herald sense; pairs with ಸುವಾರ್ತೆ.
so you believed	οὕτως ἐπιστεύσατε	houtōs episteusate	thus you believed	to place trust/faith	so you believed, thus you came to believe	[REUSED — Romans TM: “faith”] Closes the loop begun in v.1 (“received… believed”): the content believed is the same fixed apostolic gospel, not each hearer’s private construal.	ಹೀಗೆ ನೀವು ನಂಬಿದಿರಿ (hīge nīvu nambidiri). High — reuse ನಂಬಿಕೆ/ನಂಬು root exactly.

PART B — WHOLE-BOOK CHAPTER-BY-CHAPTER SEMANTIC ANALYSIS

Each chapter below lists its load-bearing theological terms with the same fields used above, condensed into tables for coverage of the full book. Terms already fixed by the baseline Romans package are marked [REUSED]; terms new to this curriculum are marked [NEW] with a proposed risk tier for the 1 Corinthians translation memory.

Chapter 1 — Unity, the Cross, and Divine Wisdom

Term	Original	Translit.	Literal meaning	Semantic range	English variants	Contextual theological meaning	Kannada & risk
called (to be an apostle, to be saints)	κλητός	klētos	summoned	divine summons	called	[REUSED] Same sovereign-summons sense as Romans 1:1, 1:7.	ಕರೆಯಲ್ಪಟ್ಟ. High.
church	ἐκκλησία	ekklēsia	assembly	covenant community	church	[REUSED]	ಸಭೆ. Medium.
sanctified	ἡγιασμένοις	hēgiasmenois	made holy	set apart, purified	sanctified, made holy	[REUSED]	ಪವಿತ್ರೀಕರಿಸಲ್ಪಟ್ಟ; ties to ಪವಿತ್ರೀಕರಣ. High.
saints / holy ones	ἁγίοις	hagiois	holy ones	corporate believer-status	saints, holy people	[REUSED] Never ಶರಣರು.	ಪವಿತ್ರ ಜನರು. High.
grace	χάρις	charis	favor	unmerited favor	grace	[REUSED]	ಕೃಪೆ. High.
fellowship	κοινωνία	koinōnia	shared participation	shared life with Christ	fellowship	[REUSED] (1:9, “fellowship of his Son”)	ಅನ್ಯೋನ್ಯತೆ. Low.
factions/divisions	σχίσματα	schismata	tears, splits	party strife, schism	divisions, quarrels, factions	[NEW] The presenting problem of the letter: believers aligning under human leaders (Paul/Apollos/Cephas/Christ) as competing loyalty-groups. Culturally resonant risk: could be assimilated to Karnataka’s plural matha (monastic-lineage institution) loyalties or denominational partisanship rather than read as a rebuke of all such division under Christ’s singular headship.	ಭಿನ್ನಾಭಿಪ್ರಾಯಗಳು / ವಿಭಜನೆಗಳು (bhinnābhiprāyagaḷu / vibhajanegaḷu). High — flag for theologian review; must preserve the force that ANY party-loyalty (even a “Christ party,” 1:12) that divides believers is condemned.
wisdom (of the world / of God)	σοφία	sophia	skill, wisdom	practical skill; philosophical wisdom; God’s revealed wisdom in the cross	wisdom	[NEW] Central term of chs.1–3: contrasts human/worldly wisdom with God’s wisdom revealed paradoxically in a crucified Messiah.	ಜ್ಞಾನ (jñāna). High — ಜ್ಞಾನ is the primary Kannada word for “wisdom/knowledge” but carries deep Advaita Vedanta freight (jñāna-mārga, the path of knowledge leading to self-realization/merger with Brahman) and is one of the four classical yoga paths widely known in Karnataka. Every occurrence must be contextually anchored to “God’s wisdom revealed in the cross,” never left to read as self-attained gnosis or meditative realization.
foolishness	μωρία	mōria	folly	foolishness, absurdity	foolishness, folly	[NEW] The cross appears foolish to worldly wisdom yet is in fact God’s wisdom/power — central paradox of 1:18–25.	ಮೂರ್ಖತನ (mūrkhatana). Medium.
cross	σταυρός	stauros	stake, cross	Roman execution device; the crucifixion event; shorthand for the gospel message	cross, the cross, crucifixion	[NEW] The specific historical execution of Christ, source of both stumbling (to Jews) and folly (to Greeks) yet in fact God’s saving power.	ಶಿಲುಬೆ (śilube). High — an established Kannada Christian term, but must not be softened toward a generic symbol of meritorious suffering/self-denial (tapasya) practiced for spiritual merit; the cross here is God’s unilateral saving act, not the believer’s ascetic achievement.
power (of God)	δύναμις (θεοῦ)	dynamis (theou)	might, power	divine power for salvation	power	[REUSED — “power_of_god”] 1:18, 1:24: the cross itself is “the power of God.”	ದೇವರ ಸಾಮರ್ಥ್ಯ. High — never ಶಕ್ತಿ.
election / chosen	ἐξελέξατο	exelexato	he chose	sovereign divine choice	God chose, God has chosen	[REUSED — “election”] 1:27–28: God deliberately chose the foolish/weak/lowly/despised of the world — an inversion with sharp resonance (and real risk of being read as endorsing or merely inverting, rather than abolishing, social/caste hierarchy).	ದೇವರ ಆಯ್ಕೆ. High — flag for theologian review given caste-hierarchy resonance; the point is the abolition of all worldly status-based boasting (1:29), not a mere reversal that still ranks persons by status.
redemption	ἀπολύτρωσις	apolytrōsis	ransoming, release by payment	deliverance secured by a price	redemption	[NEW] 1:30: Christ became to us “wisdom from God, righteousness and sanctification and redemption.”	ವಿಮೋಚನೆ (vimōcane). Critical — extend the baseline’s forbidden-substitution rule here: ವಿಮೋಚನೆ must never be allowed to drift toward ಮೋಕ್ಷ/ಮುಕ್ತಿ (“release” from the rebirth cycle). This redemption is a purchased deliverance from sin’s penalty and power, received by a person who remains a person in relationship with God, never dissolution or release into an impersonal absolute.
boasting	καύχησις	kauchēsis	boasting	self-glorying	boasting, glorying	[NEW] 1:29, 31: “so that no human being might boast in the presence of God… let the one who boasts, boast in the Lord.”	ಹೊಗಳಿಕೊಳ್ಳುವಿಕೆ (hogaḷikoḷḷuvike). Medium.

Chapter 2 — The Spirit-Revealed Wisdom of the Cross

Term	Original	Translit.	Literal meaning	Semantic range	English variants	Contextual theological meaning	Kannada & risk
mystery	μυστήριον	mystērion	secret, mystery	a previously hidden truth now disclosed by God	mystery, secret truth	[NEW] 2:1, 2:7: God’s wisdom, “a mystery… hidden” but now revealed to all through the Spirit — the opposite structure of an esoteric teaching reserved for a spiritual elite.	ರಹಸ್ಯ (rahasya). High — ರಹಸ್ಯ risks conflation with the esoteric, initiate-only “secret teaching” tradition of tantra and guru-disciple mystical transmission; must be clearly framed as truth now openly disclosed to all believers, not a guarded, elite-only revelation.
Spirit (Holy Spirit)	πνεῦμα (ἅγιον)	pneuma (hagion)	breath, spirit	the personal Holy Spirit	the Spirit	[REUSED — “holy_spirit”]	ಪವಿತ್ರಾತ್ಮ. Critical — never ಪರಮಾತ್ಮ.
spiritual (person/truths)	πνευματικός	pneumatikos	of the Spirit	Spirit-discerned, Spirit-given	spiritual	[REUSED concept — “spiritual_gifts” root] 2:13–15: truths taught by the Spirit, discerned by spiritual people.	ಆತ್ಮಿಕ (ātmika). Medium — root shared with ಆತ್ಮ (individual self/soul in Vedantic usage); must read as “Spirit-given/Spirit-discerned,” not “self-derived.”
natural / unspiritual person	ψυχικὸς ἄνθρωπος	psychikos anthrōpos	soul-ish person	a person governed by mere natural life, without the Spirit	the natural man, the unspiritual person, the person without the Spirit	[NEW] 2:14: one who cannot receive or understand the things of God’s Spirit.	ಪ್ರಾಕೃತ ಮನುಷ್ಯ (prākṛta manuṣya). Medium-High — ಪ್ರಾಕೃತ shares its root with prakṛti, the “matter/nature” pole of classical Samkhya’s prakṛti–puruṣa dualism well known in Karnataka’s philosophical culture; must be clarified as “a person without the Spirit of God,” not a technical Samkhya category of cosmic matter.
discern	ἀνακρίνω	anakrinō	to examine, judge	to investigate, evaluate	discern, examine, judge	[NEW] 2:14–15.	ವಿವೇಚಿಸು/ಪರೀಕ್ಷಿಸು (vivēcisu/parīkṣisu). Low-Medium.

Chapter 3 — Foundation, Temple, and Fleshly Immaturity

Term	Original	Translit.	Literal meaning	Semantic range	English variants	Contextual theological meaning	Kannada & risk
fleshly / carnal	σαρκικός	sarkikos	of the flesh	sin-dominated immaturity, not the physical body itself	carnal, fleshly, worldly	[NEW] 3:1, 3:3: the Corinthians’ jealousy and quarreling mark them as spiritually immature, not truly Spirit-led — but this is not a claim that the physical body is inherently evil (contrast ch.6, 15 where the body is honored).	ಶರೀರಭಾವದ (śarīrabhāvada). Medium — must not be read through a body-negating dualism; Paul’s problem is sin-dominated immaturity, not physical embodiment as such.
foundation	θεμέλιος	themelios	foundation	base, groundwork	foundation	[NEW] 3:11: “no one can lay a foundation other than… Jesus Christ.”	ಅಸ್ತಿವಾರ (astivāra). Low.
temple (of God)	ναός (θεοῦ)	naos (theou)	temple, sanctuary	the inner shrine where a deity dwells; NT: God’s dwelling among/within his people	temple, God’s temple, sanctuary	[NEW] 3:16–17: “you (plural, the church) are God’s temple, and God’s Spirit dwells in you.”	ದೇವಾಲಯ (dēvālaya). High — ದೇವಾಲಯ is the ordinary, identical Kannada word for a Hindu temple building (interchangeable with ಗುಡಿ/ದೇವಸ್ಥಾನ, already forbidden for “church” in the baseline). Because Paul’s own metaphor requires the word “temple,” this cannot simply be avoided as “church” was; every occurrence needs a translator’s note clarifying that God’s Spirit dwelling in the corporate church (and, in ch.6, in the individual believer’s body) is meant, not a physical shrine, an idol’s residence, or any structure that could receive ritual offerings. Flag for theologian review at every occurrence (3:16-17; 6:19).
workers together	συνεργός	synergos	co-worker	fellow-laborer	fellow workers, co-workers	[NEW] 3:9.	ಸಹಕಾರ್ಯಕರ್ತರು (sahakāryakartaru). Low.

Chapter 4 — Apostolic Stewardship and Judgment

Term	Original	Translit.	Literal meaning	Semantic range	English variants	Contextual theological meaning	Kannada & risk
steward	οἰκονόμος	oikonomos	household manager	one entrusted with another’s resources/household	steward, manager	[NEW] 4:1-2: apostles as “stewards of the mysteries of God,” accountable to the master, not to popular opinion.	ಮನೆವಾರ್ತೆಗಾರ (manevārtegāra). Low-Medium.
judge / judgment	κρίνω	krinō	to judge, decide	to evaluate, condemn, decide a case	judge, judgment, evaluate	[NEW] 4:3-5: Paul refuses human judgment of his ministry, deferring to the Lord’s future judgment — anticipates chs.5–6’s judgment themes.	ತೀರ್ಪು ಮಾಡುವುದು (tīrpu māḍuvudu). Low-Medium.
apostles	ἀπόστολοι	apostoloi	sent ones	commissioned, delegated messengers	apostles	[REUSED]	ಅಪೊಸ್ತಲರು. Medium.
spectacle	θέατρον	theatron	theater, spectacle	public display, object of viewing	spectacle	[NEW] 4:9: apostles made “a spectacle to the world, to angels, and to men” — a picture of suffering, low-status apostleship, sharply contrasting worldly notions of honor.	ದೃಶ್ಯ/ರಂಗಪ್ರದರ್ಶನ (dṛśya/raṅgapradarśana). Low.

Chapter 5 — Church Discipline and Holiness

Term	Original	Translit.	Literal meaning	Semantic range	English variants	Contextual theological meaning	Kannada & risk
sexual immorality	πορνεία	porneia	fornication, sexual sin	any sexual sin outside marriage, broadly	sexual immorality, fornication, sexual sin	[NEW] 5:1: a case of incest tolerated by the church, requiring discipline. Broad umbrella term recurring through chs.5–7, 10.	ಜಾರತ್ವ (jāratva). High — must be understood broadly (any sexual immorality), not narrowed to a single act; requires theologian input to ensure consistent, non-euphemistic rendering across all occurrences (5:1, 6:9, 6:13, 6:18, 7:2, 10:8).
deliver to Satan	παραδοῦναι τῷ Σατανᾷ	paradounai tō Satana	to hand over to Satan	formal act of church discipline removing a person from the protective fellowship of the church	deliver to Satan, hand over to Satan	[NEW] 5:5: a severe, corrective (not merely punitive) disciplinary act, aimed at the person’s ultimate restoration (“that his spirit may be saved”).	ಸೈತಾನನಿಗೆ ಒಪ್ಪಿಸು (Saitananige oppisu). High — flag for theologian review; must preserve both the severity and the restorative purpose, not read as a magical curse.
leaven	ζύμη	zymē	yeast, leaven	fermenting agent; OT Passover symbol of corrupting influence	leaven, yeast	[NEW] 5:6-8: “a little leaven leavens the whole lump” — sin’s corrupting, spreading influence in the community. Requires OT Passover background given the baseline’s noted low OT-narrative literacy of the audience.	ಹುಳಿ (huḷi). Medium — needs a brief translator’s note explaining the Passover background (unleavened bread, Exodus) for readers unfamiliar with OT typology.
Passover / Christ our Passover lamb	πάσχα (τὸ Χριστὸς)	pascha	Passover	the OT Passover feast and lamb; typologically fulfilled in Christ’s sacrificial death	Passover, our Passover lamb	[NEW] 5:7: “Christ, our Passover lamb, has been sacrificed.”	ಪಸ್ಕ (paska). Medium — established Kannada Christian/OT loanword; requires OT background note.

Chapter 6 — Lawsuits, Sexual Purity, and the Body as Temple

Term	Original	Translit.	Literal meaning	Semantic range	English variants	Contextual theological meaning	Kannada & risk
saints will judge the world	οἱ ἅγιοι τὸν κόσμον κρινοῦσιν	hoi hagioi ton kosmon krinousin	the holy ones will judge the world	eschatological role of believers alongside Christ in final judgment	the saints will judge the world	[REUSED — “saints”] 6:2.	ಪವಿತ್ರ ಜನರು ಲೋಕವನ್ನು ತೀರ್ಪುಮಾಡುವರು. High.
justified	ἐδικαιώθητε	edikaiōthēte	were declared righteous	forensic declaration of right standing	justified, were justified	[REUSED — “justification”] 6:11: “you were washed, you were sanctified, you were justified” — a triad summarizing conversion.	ನೀತಿವಂತರೆಂದು ನಿರ್ಣಯಿಸಲ್ಪಟ್ಟಿರಿ. Critical — reuse exact compound phrase.
washed	ἀπελούσασθε	apelousasthe	you were washed	ritual/spiritual cleansing, associated with baptismal imagery	washed, cleansed	[NEW] 6:11.	ತೊಳೆಯಲ್ಪಟ್ಟಿರಿ (toḷeyalpaṭṭiri). Medium — pairs with baptism vocabulary (see ch.1, 12); should not be reduced to ordinary bathing.
body (temple of Holy Spirit)	σῶμα / ναός τοῦ ἁγίου πνεύματος	sōma / naos tou hagiou pneumatos	body / temple of the Holy Spirit	the individual believer’s body as the Spirit’s dwelling	your body is a temple of the Holy Spirit	[NEW] 6:19-20 — the individual-body application of ch.3’s corporate temple metaphor.	ದೇಹವು ಪವಿತ್ರಾತ್ಮನ ದೇವಾಲಯ (dēhavu Pavitrātmana dēvālaya). High — same ದೇವಾಲಯ risk as ch.3, now applied to the individual body; a strong ground for chastity teaching but must be clearly distinguished from any notion of the body itself being intrinsically divine or requiring ritual purification comparable to Hindu temple-purity codes.
members (of Christ)	μέλη	melē	limbs, body parts	body parts, members of a body	members	[NEW] 6:15: “your bodies are members of Christ.” (Full theological development in ch.12.)	ಅಂಗಗಳು (aṅgagaḷu). High — see full discussion under ch.12 below regarding the Puruṣasūkta cosmic-body/varna collision risk; this is the first occurrence in the letter.
one flesh	μία σάρξ	mia sarx	one flesh	sexual/marital union	one flesh	[NEW] 6:16.	ಒಂದೇ ಶರೀರ (ondē śarīra). Medium.
bought with a price	ἠγοράσθητε τιμῆς	ēgorasthēte timēs	you were bought at a price	purchased, redeemed at a cost	you were bought with/at a price	[NEW] 6:20: grounds the call to bodily purity in the fact that believers belong to God, having been purchased by Christ’s own cost.	ಕ್ರಯಕ್ಕೆ ಕೊಂಡುಕೊಳ್ಳಲ್ಪಟ್ಟಿದ್ದೀರಿ (krayakke koṇḍukoḷḷalpaṭṭiddīri). High — must retain the relational, costly-grace sense (paired with ಕೃಪೆ theology) and not collapse into either a bare commercial transaction or a bhakti-style devotee-initiated self-surrender (dāsya-bhāva); here God is the initiating purchaser, the believer the one purchased.

Chapter 7 — Marriage and Singleness

Term	Original	Translit.	Literal meaning	Semantic range	English variants	Contextual theological meaning	Kannada & risk
marriage	γάμος / γαμέω	gamos / gameō	marriage / to marry	the marital union and its formation	marriage, to marry	[NEW] Chapter-long theme: marriage is good and God-given, not a lesser or defiling state.	ವಿವಾಹ / ಮದುವೆ (vivāha / maduve). Medium — must avoid being read through the Hindu ashrama-system framework in which marriage (gṛhastha) is a lower life-stage eventually to be transcended by renunciation (sannyāsa) for higher spiritual attainment; Paul treats both marriage and singleness as equally legitimate callings, neither superior in spiritual rank.
unmarried / singleness	ἄγαμος	agamos	unmarried	the single state	unmarried, single	[NEW] 7:8, 32-35: singleness commended for undivided devotion, not renunciation for merit.	ಅವಿವಾಹಿತ (avivāhita). Medium — see same ashrama-system risk as above; singleness here is for focused gospel service, not ascetic self-purification or merit-accumulation.
virgin	παρθένος	parthenos	virgin	an unmarried, sexually chaste woman (or, in 7:36-38, a betrothed woman)	virgin, betrothed woman	[NEW] 7:25-38.	ಕನ್ಯೆ (kanye). Low-Medium.
conjugal duty	ὀφειλή	opheilē	debt, obligation	marital obligation	conjugal rights, marital duty	[NEW] 7:3.	ದಾಂಪತ್ಯ ಕರ್ತವ್ಯ (dāmpatya kartavya). Low.
depart / divorce	χωρίζω / ἀφίημι	chōrizō / aphiēmi	to separate / to release	marital separation or divorce	separate, divorce, leave	[NEW] 7:10-15.	ಅಗಲುವುದು / ವಿಚ್ಛೇದನ (agaluvudu / vicchēdana). Medium.
called (context: state in which called)	κλῆσις	klēsis	calling	one’s situation/status at the time of God’s call	calling, condition	[REUSED] 7:20: “remain in the condition in which you were called” — a distinct sense from ch.1’s calling-to-apostleship/sainthood; here it means one’s social/marital state at conversion.	ಕರೆ. High — reuse exactly, flag context-sensitivity per baseline’s own note on “called.”
gift (of God, re: celibacy/marriage)	χάρισμα	charisma	gift	Spirit-given enablement	gift from God	[REUSED concept — “spiritual_gifts”] 7:7: each person’s marital/celibate state as itself “his own gift from God.”	ದೇವರ ವರ (Dēvara vara), understood as a specific application of the ಆತ್ಮಿಕ ವರಗಳು concept. Medium.
present distress	ἐνεστῶσα ἀνάγκη	enestōsa anankē	the present necessity/distress	current crisis conditions shaping Paul’s practical counsel	present distress, present crisis	[NEW] 7:26.	ಈಗಿನ ಸಂಕಟ (īgina saṅkaṭa). Low.

Chapter 8 — Christian Liberty and Idol Meat (I)

Term	Original	Translit.	Literal meaning	Semantic range	English variants	Contextual theological meaning	Kannada & risk
idol meat / food offered to idols	εἰδωλόθυτον	eidōlothyton	idol-sacrificed thing	meat left over from pagan temple sacrifices, sold in markets or served at meals	food offered to idols, idol meat, meat sacrificed to idols	[NEW] Central topic of chs.8–10.	ವಿಗ್ರಹಕ್ಕೆ ಅರ್ಪಿಸಿದ ಆಹಾರ (vigrahakke arpisida āhāra). High — this is the single most culturally loaded new term in the book. Never render as ಪ್ರಸಾದ (prasāda) — the ordinary, positively-loaded Kannada/Hindu term for food first offered to a deity in worship and then distributed to devotees as sanctified; using ಪ್ರಸಾದ would import exactly the devotional, sanctifying connotation Paul is carefully qualifying (the meat itself is spiritually neutral, “an idol is nothing,” 8:4, yet participation can still implicate conscience and community witness). Every occurrence requires the neutral descriptive phrase above, never the devotional loanword.
idol	εἴδωλον	eidōlon	image, idol	a cult image; theologically, a “nothing,” an empty representation of a non-existent god	idol	[NEW] 8:4: “an idol has no real existence.”	ವಿಗ್ರಹ (vigraha). Medium — neutral, standard Kannada word for a statue/image; must carry Paul’s nuance that the physical object itself is powerless/“nothing,” while (per ch.10) real spiritual danger still lies behind idol worship via demonic association — a two-sided teaching that must not be flattened to either extreme.
knowledge	γνῶσις	gnōsis	knowledge	intellectual understanding; here, informed conviction about idols’ non-reality	knowledge	[NEW] 8:1: “knowledge puffs up, but love builds up” — deliberately distinguished from σοφία (ch.1-3) to avoid collision; Kannada rendering also kept distinct from ಜ್ಞಾನ (wisdom).	ತಿಳುವಳಿಕೆ (tiḷuvaḷike). Medium.
conscience	συνείδησις	syneidēsis	co-knowledge, moral awareness	the moral faculty that approves or condemns one’s actions	conscience	[NEW] Central to chs.8, 10: the “weak” believer’s conscience must not be wounded by a “strong” believer’s liberty.	ಮನಸ್ಸಾಕ್ಷಿ (manas-sākṣi). High — ಸಾಕ್ಷಿ (“witness”) here risks conflation with the Advaita Vedanta concept of sākṣin, the impersonal witness-consciousness underlying the self that observes all mental activity without moral judgment; Paul’s conscience is a personal, morally responsive faculty capable of being wounded, defiled, or emboldened — not an impersonal cosmic witness.
liberty / right	ἐξουσία	exousia	authority, right	freedom to act, right/permission	liberty, right, freedom	[NEW] 8:9: “take care that this right of yours does not become a stumbling block.”	ಸ್ವಾತಂತ್ರ್ಯ / ಅಧಿಕಾರ (svātantrya / adhikāra). Medium.
stumbling block	πρόσκομμα	proskomma	stumbling, offense	that which causes another to fall/sin	stumbling block, offense	[NEW] 8:9, 13.	ಎಡವುವಿಕೆ / ಅಡ್ಡಿ (eḍavuvike / aḍḍi). Low-Medium.

Chapter 9 — Apostolic Rights Renounced for the Gospel

Term	Original	Translit.	Literal meaning	Semantic range	English variants	Contextual theological meaning	Kannada & risk
self-control	ἐγκράτεια	enkrateia	self-mastery	discipline over one’s desires/body	self-control, discipline	[NEW] 9:25: “every athlete exercises self-control in all things.”	ಸ್ವನಿಯಂತ್ರಣ (svaniyantraṇa). Medium-High — risk of assimilation to yogic/ascetic indriya-nigraha (sense-control) practiced as a meritorious spiritual technique for liberation; here self-control is Spirit-enabled discipline in service of gospel ministry and reward, not a self-attained ascetic achievement earning standing before God.
imperishable crown	ἄφθαρτος στέφανος	aphthartos stephanos	incorruptible crown/wreath	victor’s wreath (athletic imagery); eternal reward	imperishable crown, eternal prize	[NEW] 9:25 — contrasted with a perishable athletic wreath.	ಅವಿನಾಶಿ ಕಿರೀಟ (avināśi kirīṭa). Low-Medium.
disqualified	ἀδόκιμος	adokimos	unapproved, failing the test	rejected after examination	disqualified, rejected, found unfit	[NEW] 9:27.	ಅಯೋಗ್ಯನೆಂದು ತಿರಸ್ಕರಿಸಲ್ಪಡುವುದು (ayogyanendu tiraskaraisalpaḍuvudu). Medium.
become all things to all people	πάντα πᾶσιν γέγονα	panta pasin gegona	I have become all things to all	missional adaptability without compromise of the gospel	all things to all people	[NEW] 9:19-23.	ಎಲ್ಲರಿಗೂ ಎಲ್ಲವೂ ಆಗಿದ್ದೇನೆ (ellarigū ellavū āgiddēne). Low.

Chapter 10 — Idolatry, the Lord’s Table, and Christian Liberty (II)

Term	Original	Translit.	Literal meaning	Semantic range	English variants	Contextual theological meaning	Kannada & risk
idolatry	εἰδωλολατρία	eidōlolatria	idol-worship	the act/practice of worshiping idols	idolatry	[NEW] 10:7, 10:14: “flee from idolatry.”	ವಿಗ್ರಹಾರಾಧನೆ (vigrahārādhane). High — the most direct-collision term in the book; must be taught with full seriousness given the prevalence of temple worship practices in the Kannada-speaking cultural context, not softened to a merely historical Corinthian problem.
the Lord’s table / table of demons	τράπεζα κυρίου / δαιμονίων	trapeza kyriou / daimoniōn	the Lord’s table / table of demons	site of covenantal participation — either with Christ or (implicitly) with demonic powers behind idols	the Lord’s table, the table of demons	[NEW] 10:21: exclusive, either/or participation — “you cannot partake of the table of the Lord and the table of demons.”	ಕರ್ತನ ಮೇಜು / ದೆವ್ವಗಳ ಮೇಜು (Kartana mēju / devvagaḷa mēju). High — reuse ಕರ್ತ from baseline; must preserve the stark exclusivity Paul draws, directly relevant to the idol-meat/idolatry themes above, and to the Lord’s Supper material developed fully in ch.11.
cup of blessing	ποτήριον τῆς εὐλογίας	potērion tēs eulogias	the cup of blessing	the consecrated cup of the Lord’s Supper	the cup of blessing	[NEW] 10:16.	ಆಶೀರ್ವಾದದ ಪಾತ್ರೆ (āśīrvādada pātre). Medium.
participation / communion	κοινωνία	koinōnia	sharing, participation	real, spiritual sharing in Christ’s body/blood through the Supper	participation, communion, sharing	[REUSED root — “fellowship”] 10:16: “the cup… is it not a participation in the blood of Christ?” — a theologically deeper application than ordinary social ಅನ್ಯೋನ್ಯತೆ.	ಅನ್ಯೋನ್ಯತೆ, qualified as “ಕ್ರಿಸ್ತನ ರಕ್ತ ಮತ್ತು ದೇಹದಲ್ಲಿ ಅನ್ಯೋನ್ಯತೆ.” High — flag that this occurrence carries more theological weight than the general “fellowship” sense and must not be flattened to mere social togetherness.
temptation	πειρασμός	peirasmos	trial, testing	testing/temptation to sin	temptation	[NEW] 10:13: “God is faithful… he will also provide the way of escape.”	ಶೋಧನೆ (śōdhane). Low.

Chapter 11 — Head Covering, Order, and the Lord’s Supper

Term	Original	Translit.	Literal meaning	Semantic range	English variants	Contextual theological meaning	Kannada & risk
head (headship)	κεφαλή	kephalē	head	literal head; figuratively, source/authority/preeminence	head, source, authority	[NEW] 11:3: “the head of every man is Christ, the head of a wife is her husband, and the head of Christ is God.”	ಶಿರಸ್ಸು / ತಲೆ (śirassu / tale). High — deeply sensitive across Karnataka’s varied social structures, including coastal Karnataka’s matrilineal Aliyasantana/Bunt traditions where headship patterns differ from patrilineal norms; must be translated in a way that preserves Paul’s specific theological point (an ordered relationship of mutual honor within the Godhead-patterned analogy) without importing either a generic patriarchal caste-household hierarchy or being flattened into a purely social-custom statement. Flag for theologian review.
covering / veil	κατακαλύπτω / ἀκατακάλυπτος	katakalyptō / akatakalyptos	to cover down / uncovered	head-covering practice in public worship	covering, veil, uncovered	[NEW] 11:4-16.	ಮುಸುಕು ಹಾಕಿಕೊಳ್ಳುವಿಕೆ / ತಲೆಮುಚ್ಚುವಿಕೆ (musuku hākikoḷḷuvike / talemucchuvike). Medium — head-covering is itself a familiar practice across many Kannada cultural and religious contexts (sari pallu, veiling customs); the risk is collapsing Paul’s stated theological rationale (creation order, propriety, “because of the angels”) into a merely cultural-fashion requirement or, conversely, dismissing it as culturally irrelevant without engaging the underlying principle.
glory	δόξα	doxa	glory, honor	radiant honor; here, relational honor (“woman is the glory of man”)	glory	[REUSED — “glory”] 11:7.	ಮಹಿಮೆ. High.
Lord’s Supper	κυριακὸν δεῖπνον	kyriakon deipnon	the Lord’s supper/dinner	the church’s shared commemorative meal instituted by Christ	the Lord’s Supper, the Lord’s meal	[NEW] 11:20 (named explicitly here for the only time in the NT), with the institution narrative in 11:23-26.	ಕರ್ತನ ಭೋಜನ (Kartana bhōjana). High — reuse ಕರ್ತ exactly; must be clearly distinguished both from a common potluck/love-feast (the Corinthian abuse being corrected) and from any pattern resembling naivedya/prasāda (food first offered to a deity, then consumed as blessing) — the meal commemorates Christ’s finished sacrificial death, it is not itself an offering made to God.
new covenant	καινὴ διαθήκη	kainē diathēkē	new covenant	the covenant established in Christ’s blood	new covenant	[REUSED — “covenant”] 11:25.	ಹೊಸ ಒಡಂಬಡಿಕೆ. High — reuse ಒಡಂಬಡಿಕೆ exactly.
remembrance	ἀνάμνησις	anamnēsis	memorial, remembrance	commemorative reenactment	remembrance, memorial	[NEW] 11:24-25: “do this in remembrance of me.”	ಜ್ಞಾಪಕಾರ್ಥ (jñāpakārtha). Medium.
discern the body	διακρίνων τὸ σῶμα	diakrinōn to sōma	discerning/distinguishing the body	recognizing the Lord’s body (Christ’s, and/or the church community) rightly before partaking	discerning the body, recognizing the body	[NEW] 11:29 — a much-debated phrase (whether “body” = Christ’s crucified body or the gathered church-body of ch.12); either reading demands self-examining reverence before the meal.	ದೇಹವನ್ನು ವಿವೇಚಿಸು/ಗುರುತಿಸು (dēhavannu vivēcisu/gurutisu). High — flag for theologian review; the ambiguity itself (Christ’s body vs. the church as his body) needs a translator’s note rather than a premature interpretive choice.
unworthy manner	ἀναξίως	anaxiōs	unworthily	in a manner unfitting the meal’s holiness	in an unworthy manner	[NEW] 11:27, 29.	ಅಯೋಗ್ಯ ರೀತಿಯಲ್ಲಿ (ayogya rītiyalli). Medium.

Chapter 12 — Spiritual Gifts and the Body of Christ

Term	Original	Translit.	Literal meaning	Semantic range	English variants	Contextual theological meaning	Kannada & risk
Jesus is Lord (confession)	Κύριος Ἰησοῦς	Kyrios Iēsous	Lord Jesus	the salvation-confession, only possible by the Spirit	Jesus is Lord	[REUSED — “lord,” and Romans 10:9 rendering] 12:3.	ಯೇಸು ಕರ್ತ / ಯೇಸು ಕರ್ತನಾಗಿದ್ದಾನೆ. Critical — reuse the exact Romans 10:9 rendering per the baseline’s cross-document consistency rule.
spiritual gifts	πνευματικά / χαρίσματα	pneumatika / charismata	spiritual things / gracious gifts	Spirit-given enablements for building up the church	spiritual gifts, gifts	[REUSED — “spiritual_gifts”] 12:1, 4.	ಆತ್ಮಿಕ ವರಗಳು. Medium.
manifestation of the Spirit	φανέρωσις τοῦ πνεύματος	phanerōsis tou pneumatos	disclosure/showing of the Spirit	the visible expression of the Spirit’s presence, given for the common good	manifestation of the Spirit	[NEW] 12:7.	ಆತ್ಮನ ಪ್ರಕಟಣೆ (Ātmana prakaṭaṇe). Medium.
word of wisdom / word of knowledge	λόγος σοφίας / γνώσεως	logos sophias / gnōseōs	word/message of wisdom / of knowledge	specific Spirit-given gifts of speech	word of wisdom, word of knowledge	[NEW] 12:8 — reuses ch.1’s ಜ್ಞಾನ (wisdom) and ch.8’s ತಿಳುವಳಿಕೆ (knowledge) roots; keep distinct.	ಜ್ಞಾನದ ವಾಕ್ಯ / ತಿಳುವಳಿಕೆಯ ವಾಕ್ಯ. High (inherits ಜ್ಞಾನ’s Advaita-adjacent risk noted in ch.1).
gifts of healing / miracles	χαρίσματα ἰαμάτων / ἐνεργήματα δυνάμεων	charismata iamatōn / energēmata dynameōn	gifts of healings / workings of powers	Spirit-given healing and miraculous power	gifts of healing, miracles, workings of power	[NEW] 12:9-10 — reuse ಸಾಮರ್ಥ್ಯ root from “power_of_god,” never ಶಕ್ತಿ or ಸಿದ್ಧಿ (yogic attained power).	ಸ್ವಸ್ಥತೆಯ ವರಗಳು / ಸಾಮರ್ಥ್ಯದ ಕಾರ್ಯಗಳು. High.
tongues	γλῶσσαι	glōssai	tongues, languages	Spirit-given languages, whether human or heavenly, for prayer/praise/prophetic speech	tongues, languages	[NEW] 12:10, 28, 30; developed fully in ch.14.	ಭಾಷೆಗಳು / ಪರಭಾಷೆಗಳು (bhāṣegaḷu / parabhāṣegaḷu). High — must be carefully distinguished from ecstatic trance-speech associated with spirit-possession phenomena in Karnataka folk religious practice (e.g., village-goddess oracle possession, “ದೇವರು ಮೈಮೇಲೆ ಬರುವುದು” — a deity “coming upon” a medium). Paul’s own qualification in ch.14 (spirits of prophets subject to prophets; all things done decently and in order) must be preserved as the controlling frame: this is Spirit-given, self-controlled, orderly speech for edification, never involuntary trance-possession by a spirit.
interpretation (of tongues)	ἑρμηνεία (γλωσσῶν)	hermēneia (glōssōn)	interpretation	translation/explanation of tongues-speech	interpretation	[NEW] 12:10.	ಭಾಷೆಗಳ ಅರ್ಥವಿವರಣೆ (bhāṣegaḷa arthavivaraṇe). Medium.
discerning of spirits	διακρίσεις πνευμάτων	diakriseis pneumatōn	discernments of spirits	the gift of testing which spirit is behind an utterance/manifestation	discerning of spirits	[NEW] 12:10.	ಆತ್ಮಗಳ ವಿವೇಚನೆ (Ātmagaḷa vivēcane). Medium-High — ವಿವೇಚನೆ/ವಿವೇಕ shares a root with the Vedantic viveka (philosophical discrimination between the real Self and unreal phenomena); here it denotes a specific charism for testing whether a spiritual manifestation is from the Holy Spirit, a deceiving spirit, or mere human origin — not a meditative philosophical discipline.
baptized (into one body)	ἐβαπτίσθημεν	ebaptisthēmen (βαπτίζω, baptizō)	were baptized, immersed	ritual/spiritual incorporation into Christ and his body	baptized	[NEW — not captured in Romans baseline TM despite Romans 6 usage; must be established here] 12:13: “in one Spirit we were all baptized into one body.”	ದೀಕ್ಷಾಸ್ನಾನ (dīkṣāsnāna). High — ದೀಕ್ಷೆ (dīkṣā) is a heavily loaded term for formal initiation into a guru-lineage or mantra, most saliently the Lingayat community’s own central sacrament of receiving the ishtalinga through guru-administered dīkṣā at initiation. Christian baptism must be clearly taught as identification with Christ’s death and resurrection through the Spirit’s incorporating work into the one body of Christ — not a guru-transmitted lineage-initiation or mantra-empowerment. Flag every occurrence for theologian review; this term should be added to the curriculum’s own forbidden-substitution watch list even though it does not appear in the Romans baseline.
body of Christ / members	σῶμα Χριστοῦ / μέλη	sōma Christou / melē	the body of Christ / limbs, parts	the church as one organic body with differentiated, interdependent parts, all equally honored	body of Christ, members	[NEW] 12:12-27 — the chapter’s central metaphor.	ಕ್ರಿಸ್ತನ ದೇಹ / ಅಂಗಗಳು (Kristana dēha / aṅgagaḷu). High — a genuinely significant, well-grounded risk specific to this cultural context: the image of a single body composed of differently-ranked/differently-honored parts closely echoes the ancient Puruṣasūkta (Rig Veda 10.90), in which the cosmic Puruṣa’s body parts (mouth, arms, thighs, feet) are the mythological origin of the four varṇas and their social ranking — a text still invoked (and increasingly critiqued) in discussions of caste in Karnataka. Paul’s argument is the opposite of the Puruṣasūkta’s hierarchy-justifying logic — he insists the “weaker” and “less honorable” parts are indispensable and receive greater, not lesser, honor (12:22-24), and that there must be “no division in the body” (12:25). Translators and teachers must make this contrast explicit rather than allowing the surface-level body-with-differentiated-parts imagery to be read as endorsing any caste-like ranking of persons. Flag for mandatory theologian review.

Chapter 13 — Love as the Greater Way

Term	Original	Translit.	Literal meaning	Semantic range	English variants	Contextual theological meaning	Kannada & risk
love	ἀγάπη	agapē	love	selfless, willed, others-oriented covenant love, distinguished from erōs and philia	love	[NEW] The chapter’s defining term, and (per 12:31–13:13) the standard by which all spiritual gifts must be exercised.	ಪ್ರೀತಿ (prīti). High — must be carefully distinguished from the passionate, longing devotional love (śṛṅgāra-bhakti/prema-bhakti, especially viraha-bhakti, the “love in separation” theme) directed toward Krishna in coastal Karnataka’s Haridasa tradition (Purandara Dasa and others), which centers on the devotee’s romantic-emotional yearning for union with a chosen personal deity. Paul’s ἀγάπη is deliberately unromantic, active, patient, self-giving toward other people (not primarily an emotional experience directed at God), and it is explicitly greater than even faith and hope (13:13) — this ranking itself needs careful framing, since bhakti traditions often treat loving devotion to the deity as the highest religious act in a way that could be conflated with, rather than distinguished from, Paul’s neighbor-directed ἀγάπη.
more excellent way	καθ’ ὑπερβολὴν ὁδόν	kath’ hyperbolēn hodon	a way according to excess/surpassing	the surpassingly better way	a more excellent way, the greater way	[NEW] 12:31.	ಅತ್ಯುತ್ತಮವಾದ ಮಾರ್ಗ (atyuttamavāda mārga). Low.
hope	ἐλπίς	elpis	expectation, hope	confident future expectation grounded in God’s promises	hope	[NEW] 13:13 — completing the faith/hope/love triad.	ನಿರೀಕ್ಷೆ (nirīkṣe). Medium — must convey confident, promise-grounded expectation, not a vague wish nor the fatalistic overtones of ಹಣೆಬರಹ already flagged as forbidden in the baseline for providence/election.
faith	πίστις	pistis	trust, faith	(as in Romans)	faith	[REUSED] 13:13.	ನಂಬಿಕೆ. High.
childish things	νήπιος	nēpios	infant, child	immaturity	childish things, a child	[NEW] 13:11.	ಬಾಲ್ಯದ ಸಂಗತಿಗಳು (bālyada saṅgatigaḷu). Low.

Chapter 14 — Order in Worship: Tongues and Prophecy

Chapter 14 develops rather than newly introduces most of its key vocabulary — ಆತ್ಮಿಕ ವರಗಳು, ಭಾಷೆಗಳು/ಪರಭಾಷೆಗಳು (tongues), ಪ್ರವಾದನೆ (prophecy, [REUSED — Romans TM]), ಭಾಷೆಗಳ ಅರ್ಥವಿವರಣೆ (interpretation), and ಸಭೆ (church) are all carried forward from ch.12–13. The load-bearing new terms in ch.14 concern the principle of order itself:

Term	Original	Translit.	Literal meaning	Semantic range	English variants	Contextual theological meaning	Kannada & risk
edification / build up	οἰκοδομή	oikodomē	building, construction	spiritual strengthening of the church	edification, building up	[REUSED concept — doctrine registry “mutual_edification”] 14:3-5, 12, 26: the controlling purpose of all worship gifts.	ಭಕ್ತಿವೃದ್ಧಿ (bhaktivṛddhi). Low — reuse baseline phrase exactly.
order	τάξις	taxis	arrangement, order	orderly sequence/arrangement	order	[NEW] 14:40: “let all things be done decently and in order.”	ಕ್ರಮ (krama). Low.
decently and in order	εὐσχημόνως καὶ κατὰ τάξιν	euschēmonōs kai kata taxin	in a becoming manner and according to order	fitting, orderly conduct in worship	decently and in order	[NEW] 14:40 — the chapter’s summary principle governing all the gifts discussed in chs.12-14.	ಸಭ್ಯರೀತಿಯಲ್ಲಿಯೂ ಕ್ರಮಬದ್ಧವಾಗಿಯೂ (sabhyarītiyalliyū kramabaddhavāgiyū). Low-Medium.
let the women keep silence	αἱ γυναῖκες σιγάτωσαν	hai gynaikes sigatōsan	let the women be silent	a disputed instruction regarding women’s speech in the gathered assembly, whose scope is debated relative to 11:5’s assumption that women do pray/prophesy in the assembly	let the women keep silence, let women be silent	[NEW] 14:34-35 — lexically straightforward but a major interpretive crux (its scope — all speech generally, or specifically the weighing/judging of prophecy in 14:29 — is contested among faithful interpreters) requiring careful handling distinct from Hindu-tradition syncretism risk.	ಸ್ತ್ರೀಯರು ಮೌನವಾಗಿರಲಿ (strīyaru maunavāgirali). High — flag for mandatory human theologian review; the risk here is primarily interpretive/pastoral rather than a Hindu-tradition collision, but it is doctrinally significant (potential internal tension with 11:5) and must not be resolved unilaterally by the translation team without theological oversight and a translator’s note documenting the interpretive options.

Chapter 15 — The Resurrection of Christ and Believers

Verses 1–11 receive full treatment in Part A above. The remainder of the chapter (vv.12–58) introduces additional load-bearing resurrection vocabulary:

Term	Original	Translit.	Literal meaning	Semantic range	English variants	Contextual theological meaning	Kannada & risk
resurrection (of the dead)	ἀνάστασις (νεκρῶν)	anastasis (nekrōn)	rising up (of the dead)	the general, future bodily resurrection, argued for from Christ’s own resurrection	resurrection of the dead	[REUSED — “resurrection”] vv.12-32: Paul argues that if there is no resurrection of the dead, Christ has not been raised, and faith is futile.	ಪುನರುತ್ಥಾನ. Critical — reuse exactly; never ಪುನರ್ಜನ್ಮ.
spiritual body	σῶμα πνευματικόν	sōma pneumatikon	Spirit-empowered/spiritual body	a real, physical body transformed and animated by the Spirit, not a bodiless spirit-existence nor a different reincarnated body	spiritual body	[NEW] vv.35-49 — Paul’s answer to “how are the dead raised, and with what kind of body?”	ಆತ್ಮಿಕ ದೇಹ (ātmika dēha). Critical — must be taught with particular care: this is the same body, transformed and glorified (continuity of personal identity), not (a) an immaterial soul-only afterlife, (b) a newly reincarnated different body (ಪುನರ್ಜನ್ಮ), or (c) dissolution/merger into an impersonal spiritual reality (Aikya). Flag for mandatory theologian review as one of the most theologically dense passages in the whole curriculum.
perishable / imperishable	φθαρτόν / ἄφθαρτον	phtharton / aphtharton	corruptible / incorruptible	subject to decay / not subject to decay	perishable, imperishable	[NEW] vv.42, 50-54.	ನಾಶವಾಗುವ / ಅವಿನಾಶಿ (nāśavāguva / avināśi). Medium.
last Adam	ἔσχατος Ἀδάμ	eschatos Adam	final/last Adam	Christ as the second/last representative head of a new humanity, contrasted with the first Adam	last Adam, second Adam	[NEW] v.45 — requires Genesis background given the audience’s noted low OT literacy.	ಕಡೇ ಆದಾಮ (kaḍē Ādāma). Medium — needs a brief translator’s note on the Genesis creation/fall background.
sting of death	κέντρον τοῦ θανάτου	kentron tou thanatou	the sting/goad of death	death’s power to wound, rooted in sin	the sting of death	[NEW] v.56.	ಮರಣದ ಮುಳ್ಳು (maraṇada muḷḷu). Low.
victory	νῖκος	nikos	victory	triumph, conquest	victory	[NEW] v.57: “thanks be to God, who gives us the victory through our Lord Jesus Christ.”	ಜಯ (jaya). Low.

Chapter 16 — Closing Instructions

Term	Original	Translit.	Literal meaning	Semantic range	English variants	Contextual theological meaning	Kannada & risk
collection	λογεία	logeia	collection, contribution	a gathered offering for the Jerusalem believers	collection, contribution	[NEW] 16:1-2.	ಸಂಗ್ರಹಣೆ / ಧನಸಹಾಯ ಸಂಗ್ರಹ (saṅgrahaṇe / dhanasahāya saṅgraha). Low.
Maranatha	Μαρὰν ἀθά	maran atha	Our Lord, come! (Aramaic)	an early Christian liturgical acclamation/prayer for Christ’s return	Maranatha, “Our Lord, come”	[NEW] 16:22 — preserved untranslated in the Greek text itself, parallel to “Abba” in Romans 8:15.	ಮಾರಾನಾಥಾ (Mārānāthā), transliterated and retained per the baseline’s precedent for ಅಬ್ಬಾ; requires a footnote gloss (“ನಮ್ಮ ಕರ್ತನೇ, ಬಾ!” — “Our Lord, come!”). Medium.
accursed / anathema	ἀνάθεμα	anathema	set apart for destruction, cursed	solemn curse/excommunication formula	accursed, cursed, anathema	[NEW] 16:22: “if anyone has no love for the Lord, let him be accursed.”	ಶಾಪಗ್ರಸ್ತ (śāpagrasta). Medium.
holy kiss	φίλημα ἅγιον	philēma hagion	holy kiss	a cultural greeting gesture marking familial church affection	holy kiss	[NEW] 16:20.	ಪವಿತ್ರ ವಂದನೆ (pavitra vandane, “holy greeting”) preferred over a literal ಪವಿತ್ರ ಮುದ್ದು (“holy kiss”) for cultural appropriateness in the Kannada context, where public kissing is not a customary greeting; this is a cultural-adaptation note rather than a doctrinal risk, but should be flagged Low-Medium for native speaker review to confirm the substituted greeting-gesture phrase still conveys warm, familial affection rather than mere formality.

Summary of Cross-Cutting Risk Themes for Kannada 1 Corinthians

The Purusha Sukta / caste-body collision (ch.6, 12) is the most significant new cultural risk not present in the Romans baseline — the “body with many members” metaphor must be taught with explicit contrast to the ancient Hindu cosmic-body myth used to justify varna hierarchy.
Idol meat / prasāda collision (ch.8–10) is the most significant new cultural-practice risk — ಪ್ರಸಾದ must never be used for εἰδωλόθυτον.
Baptism as dīkṣā (ch.1, 12) surfaces a gap in the Romans baseline itself (baptism was not captured as a TM term despite its use in Romans 6) and must now be formally added with a Critical/High flag given the Lingayat ishtalinga-dīkṣā parallel.
Redemption/ವಿಮೋಚನೆ (ch.1) sits immediately adjacent to the forbidden ಮೋಕ್ಷ/ಮುಕ್ತಿ zone and must be added to the forbidden-substitution list for this curriculum.
Wisdom/ಜ್ಞಾನ (ch.1–3, 12) requires the heaviest ongoing contextual qualification of any new term, given jñāna-mārga’s centrality in both classical Vedanta and popular Kannada religious vocabulary.
Love/ಪ್ರೀತಿ (ch.13) must be distinguished from Haridasa prema-bhakti’s romantic viraha-devotion.
Tongues/ಭಾಷೆಗಳು (ch.12, 14) must be distinguished from folk-Hindu oracular/possession phenomena.
Every risk above should be read alongside, not in place of, the baseline’s own established Critical/High terms (ರಕ್ಷಣೆ, ನೀತಿವಂತಿಕೆ, ಪುನರುತ್ಥಾನ, ಕರ್ತ, ದೇಹಧಾರಣೆ, ಪವಿತ್ರಾತ್ಮ, ಕೃಪೆ, ನಂಬಿಕೆ, ಪವಿತ್ರ ಜನರು), all of which recur throughout 1 Corinthians and must be reused exactly.

This document feeds directly into analysis/08_core_glossary.md. All risk tiers proposed here for new terms are provisional pending Phase 1 Step 8 (Core Glossary) consolidation and Phase 2 theologian review routing.

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