Core Glossary
Core Glossary: 2 Peter — Kannada
This glossary lists every load-bearing theological term identified in analysis/07_semantic_analysis.md, citing terms from every chapter of 2 Peter. Terms already established in the baseline Romans translation_memory.json are marked [REUSED] and MUST use the exact recorded Kannada rendering. New terms specific to 2 Peter are marked [NEW] and are proposed here for entry into an updated translation memory (version increment required at Phase 2 Step 16 per the AI Translation Requirements document).
| # | English Term | Greek (Transliteration) | Kannada Rendering | Transliteration | Risk | Doctrine Category | Baseline Status | Key Passages | Risk Rationale (brief) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Apostle | ἀπόστολος (apostolos) | ಅಪೊಸ್ತಲ | apostala | Medium | Apostleship | [REUSED] | 1:1 | Avoid ಗುರು/ಜಂಗಮ per baseline. |
| 2 | Servant/Slave (positive, of Christ) | δοῦλος (doulos) | ದಾಸ | dāsa | High | Apostleship / Christian Identity | [NEW] | 1:1 | Positive biblical self-designation; distinguish from Haridasa “dāsa” devotee-identity — grounded in Christ’s ownership by redemption, not chosen devotional surrender. Keep lexically distinct from #29 below. |
| 3 | Faith | πίστις (pistis) | ನಂಬಿಕೆ | nambike | High | Faith | [REUSED] | 1:1, 1:5 | Never ಭಕ್ತಿ, per baseline. |
| 4 | Righteousness | δικαιοσύνη (dikaiosynē) | ನೀತಿವಂತಿಕೆ | nītivantike | Critical | Salvation | [REUSED] | 1:1; 2:21; 3:13 | Never ಧರ್ಮ, absolute baseline rule. |
| 5 | Savior | σωτήρ (sōtēr) | ರಕ್ಷಕ | rakṣaka | Critical | Salvation / Lordship of Christ | [NEW] | 1:1, 11; 2:20; 3:2, 18 | Must connect to baseline ರಕ್ಷಣೆ family; never suggest a moksha-giver/liberator-from-cycle. |
| 6 | Grace | χάρις (charis) | ಕೃಪೆ | kṛpe | High | Grace | [REUSED] | 1:2; 3:18 | Standard; contrast with merit preserved. |
| 7 | Peace | εἰρήνη (eirēnē) | ಶಾಂತಿ | śānti | Medium | Peace with God | [REUSED] | 1:2 | Standard greeting usage. |
| 8 | (Full) Knowledge | ἐπίγνωσις / γνῶσις (epignōsis / gnōsis) | ಜ್ಞಾನ / ಸಂಪೂರ್ಣ ಜ್ಞಾನ | jñāna / sampūrṇa jñāna | Critical | Growing in Christian Virtue | [NEW] | 1:2, 3, 8; 1:5; 2:20; 3:18 | ಜ್ಞಾನ is the technical Advaita Vedānta term for liberating Self-realization (Ātman=Brahman) via Jñāna-mārga; here it must be relational, personal knowledge of a distinct God/Savior, never non-dual realization. |
| 9 | Divine Power | θεία δύναμις (theia dynamis) | ದೈವಿಕ ಸಾಮರ್ಥ್ಯ | daivika sāmarthya | High | Divine Nature and Escaping Corruption | [NEW] (reuses ಸಾಮರ್ಥ್ಯ) | 1:3 | Never ಶಕ್ತಿ, per baseline forbidden substitution. |
| 10 | Glory | δόξα (doxa) | ಮಹಿಮೆ | mahime | High | Deity of Christ | [REUSED] | 1:3, 17; 3:18 | Avoid light-mysticism overtones per baseline. |
| 11 | Virtue / Excellence | ἀρετή (aretē) | ಸದ್ಗುಣ | sadguṇa | High | Growing in Christian Virtue | [NEW] | 1:3, 5 | Broad shared ethical vocabulary; distinguish God’s own excellence (1:3) from the cultivated virtue believers add to faith (1:5) — a grace-fruit, not a merit-rung. |
| 12 | Promises | ἐπάγγελμα (epangelma) | ವಾಗ್ದಾನ | vāgdāna | Medium | Certainty of Christ’s Return / Covenant | [NEW] (parallels ಒಡಂಬಡಿಕೆ register) | 1:4; 3:4, 9, 13 | Standard covenant-promise vocabulary. |
| 13 | Partakers of the Divine Nature | θείας κοινωνοὶ φύσεως (theias koinōnoi physeōs) | ದೈವಿಕ ಸ್ವಭಾವದಲ್ಲಿ ಪಾಲುಗಾರರು | daivika svabhāvadalli pālugāraru | Critical | Divine Nature and Escaping Corruption | [NEW] | 1:4 | HIGHEST-RISK new phrase in this curriculum. Must never be read through Veerashaiva Aikya (merger/dissolution of identity), Advaitic Ātman=Brahman identity, or avatāric substance-sharing. Relational, moral participation only; believer remains a distinct person. Mandatory theologian review every occurrence. |
| 14 | Corruption | φθορά (phthora) | ಭ್ರಷ್ಟತೆ / ನಾಶ | bhraṣṭate / nāśa | High | Divine Nature and Escaping Corruption | [NEW] | 1:4; 2:12, 19 | Distinguish from saṃsāric bondage (cyclical); this is a one-time moral-spiritual condition escaped through the promises, not a rebirth-cycle. |
| 15 | Self-Control | ἐγκράτεια (enkrateia) | ಆತ್ಮಸಂಯಮ | ātmasaṃyama | Medium | Growing in Christian Virtue | [NEW] | 1:6 | ಸಂಯಮ echoes Patanjali’s yogic technical term; clarify as ordinary ethical discipline, not meditative technique for siddhi. |
| 16 | Steadfastness / Endurance (human virtue) | ὑπομονή (hypomonē) | ತಾಳ್ಮೆ | tāḷme | High | Growing in Christian Virtue | [NEW] | 1:6 | Keep lexically distinct from μακροθυμία (#33) — a human virtue, not God’s forbearance. |
| 17 | Godliness | εὐσέβεια (eusebeia) | ದೇವಭಕ್ತಿ | dēvabhakti | Critical | Growing in Christian Virtue | [NEW] | 1:3, 6, 7; 3:11 | Hardest single lexical choice in this glossary. Distinguish sharply from Haridasa/Lingayat bhakti (devotee-chosen surrender to an iṣṭa-devatā) — here it is grace-produced reverence and conduct flowing from a settled relationship already established in Christ. Mandatory theologian review. |
| 18 | Brotherly Affection | φιλαδελφία (philadelphia) | ಸಹೋದರ ಪ್ರೀತಿ | sahodara prīti | Low | Growing in Christian Virtue | [NEW] | 1:7 | Standard vocabulary, low risk. |
| 19 | Love | ἀγάπη (agapē) | ಪ್ರೀತಿ | prīti | Low/Medium | Growing in Christian Virtue | [NEW] | 1:7 | Standard vocabulary. |
| 20 | Calling / Election | κλῆσις καὶ ἐκλογή (klēsis kai eklogē) | ಕರೆ ಮತ್ತು ದೇವರ ಆಯ್ಕೆ | kare mattu Dēvara āyke | High | Divine Calling / Election | [REUSED] | 1:10 | Never ಹಣೆಬರಹ or ವಿಧಿ, per baseline. |
| 21 | Eternal Kingdom | βασιλεία αἰώνιος (basileia aiōnios) | ನಿತ್ಯ ರಾಜ್ಯ | nitya rājya | Medium | Kingdom Mission | [NEW] (reuses ದೇವರ ರಾಜ್ಯ register) | 1:11 | God’s eternal sovereign reign, not a territorial kingdom. |
| 22 | Cleverly Devised Myths | σεσοφισμένα μῦθοι (sesophismena mythoi) | ಕಲ್ಪಿತ ಕಥೆಗಳು | kalpita kathegaḷu | Critical | Reliability and Inspiration of Scripture | [NEW] | 1:16 | NEVER any term resembling ಪುರಾಣ (Purāṇa) — would equate a named, revered Hindu scripture-genre with “fable.” Use generic secular vocabulary only. |
| 23 | Coming / Return (of Christ) | παρουσία (parousia) | ಆಗಮನ | āgamana | Critical | Certainty of Christ’s Return | [NEW] | 1:16; 3:4, 12 | Must be taught as singular, unrepeatable, final — never assimilated to cyclical avatāra-descent expectation (e.g., Kalki) or repeated yuga-interventions. |
| 24 | Eyewitnesses | ἐπόπται (epoptai) | ಪ್ರತ್ಯಕ್ಷದರ್ಶಿಗಳು | pratyakṣadarśigaḷu | Medium | Reliability and Inspiration of Scripture | [NEW] | 1:16 | ದರ್ಶಿ/ದರ್ಶನ carries devotional-vision resonance; clarify as historical/legal eyewitness testimony. |
| 25 | Majesty | μεγαλειότης (megaleiotēs) | ಮಹಾಮಹಿಮೆ | mahāmahime | Medium | Deity of Christ | [NEW] (reuses ಮಹಿಮೆ) | 1:16 | Consistent with baseline glory register. |
| 26 | Majestic Glory (of the Father) | μεγαλοπρεπὴς δόξα (megaloprepēs doxa) | ಮಹೋನ್ನತ ಮಹಿಮೆ | mahonnata mahime | Medium | Deity of Christ | [NEW] (reuses ಮಹಿಮೆ) | 1:17 | Reverent circumlocution for God’s voice/presence. |
| 27 | Beloved Son | υἱός ἀγαπητός (huios agapētos) | ದೇವರ ಪ್ರಿಯ ಮಗ | Dēvara priya maga | Critical | Sonship of Christ | [REUSED core] | 1:17 | Retain full ದೇವರ ಮಗ phrase per baseline; never abbreviate. |
| 28 | Holy Mountain | ὄρος ἅγιον (oros hagion) | ಪವಿತ್ರ ಪರ್ವತ | pavitra parvata | Medium | Reliability and Inspiration of Scripture | [NEW] (reuses ಪವಿತ್ರ) | 1:18 | Historical event-site, not an ongoing pilgrimage-merit location. |
| 29 | More Sure Prophetic Word | βεβαιότερος προφητικὸς λόγος (bebaioteros prophētikos logos) | ಇನ್ನೂ ದೃಢವಾದ ಪ್ರವಾದನಾ ವಾಕ್ಯ | innū dr̥ḍhavāda pravādanā vākya | Critical | Reliability and Inspiration of Scripture | [NEW] (reuses ಪ್ರವಾದನೆ) | 1:19 | Anchor verse for Scripture’s reliability doctrine; mutual confirmation of prophecy and eyewitness testimony. |
| 30 | Morning Star | φωσφόρος (phōsphoros) | ಉದಯ ನಕ್ಷತ್ರ | udaya nakṣatra | Medium | Certainty of Christ’s Return | [NEW] | 1:19 | Avoid astrological (ಜ್ಯೋತಿಷ್ಯ) framing, per baseline caution on ಪ್ರವಾದಿ vs ಜ್ಯೋತಿಷಿ. |
| 31 | Scripture | γραφή (graphē) | ಪವಿತ್ರ ಗ್ರಂಥ | pavitra grantha | Critical | Reliability and Inspiration of Scripture | [NEW] | 1:20; 3:16 | Distinguish from vachana literature (Sharana poet-saints) and Haridasa kirtane; always qualify ಗ್ರಂಥ with ಪವಿತ್ರ. |
| 32 | Private Interpretation | ἰδία ἐπίλυσις (idia epilysis) | ಸ್ವಂತ ವ್ಯಾಖ್ಯಾನ | svanta vyākhyāna | High | Reliability and Inspiration of Scripture | [NEW] | 1:20 | Denial of human-originated prophecy without denying genuine human authorship (cf. #34). |
| 33 | Carried Along by the Holy Spirit | ὑπὸ πνεύματος ἁγίου φερόμενοι (hypo pneumatos hagiou pheromenoi) | ಪವಿತ್ರಾತ್ಮನಿಂದ ನಡೆಸಲ್ಪಟ್ಟು | Pavitrātmaninda naḍesalpaṭṭu | Critical | Reliability and Inspiration of Scripture | [NEW] | 1:21 | Must be sharply distinguished from ಆವೇಶ (ecstatic deity-possession/trance) in Karnataka folk-oracular practice; conveys sovereign, purposeful divine superintendence, not loss of consciousness. |
| 34 | Holy Spirit | πνεῦμα ἅγιον (pneuma hagion) | ಪವಿತ್ರಾತ್ಮ | Pavitrātma | Critical | Divine Nature | [REUSED] | 1:21 | Never ಪರಮಾತ್ಮ, per baseline absolute rule. |
| 35 | False Teachers | ψευδοδιδάσκαλοι (pseudodidaskaloi) | ಸುಳ್ಳು ಬೋಧಕರು | suḷḷu bōdhakaru | High | False Teachers and Their Judgment | [NEW] | 2:1 | ಸುಳ್ಳು qualifier indispensable to distinguish gospel counterfeits from other traditions’ legitimate internal teachers (jangama, guru). |
| 36 | Destructive Sects/Heresies | αἵρεσις ἀπωλείας (hairesis apōleias) | ವಿನಾಶಕರ ಪಂಥಗಳು | vināśakara panthagaḷu | High | False Teachers and Their Judgment | [NEW] | 2:1 | ಪಂಥ is neutral in wider Indian usage; ವಿನಾಶಕರ marks doctrinal ruin specifically. |
| 37 | Master (Sovereign Owner) | δεσπότης (despotēs) | ಒಡೆಯ | oḍeya | High | Lordship of Christ / False Teachers | [NEW] | 2:1 | Distinct from ಕರ್ತ (κύριος); avoid ಪ್ರಭು due to Lingayat “Allama Prabhu” association; ties to redemption-purchase imagery. |
| 38 | Bought / Redeemed | ἀγοράζω (agorazō) | ಕೊಂಡುಕೊಂಡ | koṇḍukoṇḍa | High | False Teachers and Their Judgment | [NEW] | 2:1 | Retain costly, sacrificial-atonement sense, not neutral commerce. |
| 39 | Destruction / Perdition | ἀπώλεια (apōleia) | ನಾಶ | nāśa | High | Day of the Lord and Final Judgment / False Teachers | [NEW] | 2:1, 3; 3:7, 16 | Final ruin under a personal God’s judgment; not impersonal karmic exhaustion. |
| 40 | Judgment | κρίμα / κρίσις (krima / krisis) | ತೀರ್ಪು / ನ್ಯಾಯತೀರ್ಪು | tīrpu / nyāyatīrpu | High | False Teachers / Day of the Lord | [NEW] | 2:3, 9; 3:7 | Forensic verdict of a personal God; never ಹಣೆಬರಹ or ಕರ್ಮದ ನಿಯಮ. |
| 41 | Cast into Tartarus (Confined in Judgment) | ταρταρόω (tartaroō) | ಅಂಧಕಾರದ ಬಂಧನದಲ್ಲಿ ಇಡಲ್ಪಟ್ಟ | andhakārada bandhanadalli iḍalpaṭṭa | Critical | False Teachers and Their Judgment | [NEW] | 2:4 | Never ನರಕ (naraka) — avoids conflation with the temporary, karma-driven, cyclical hells of Puranic cosmology. Descriptive phrase preferred over single-word gloss. |
| 42 | Flood | κατακλυσμός (kataklysmos) | ಜಲಪ್ರಳಯ | jalapraḷaya | Medium | Day of the Lord and Final Judgment | [NEW] | 2:5; 3:6 | ಪ್ರಳಯ evokes Hindu cosmological dissolution; qualify as the historical, one-time Noahic flood. |
| 43 | Freedom / Slave (negative, to corruption) | ἐλευθερία / δεδούλωται (eleutheria / dedoulōtai) | ಸ್ವಾತಂತ್ರ್ಯ / ಗುಲಾಮ | svātantrya / gulāma | High | Divine Nature and Escaping Corruption | [NEW] | 2:19 | Use ಗುಲಾಮ (not ದಾಸ) for this negative sense, to avoid confusion with the positive Haridasa “dāsa” devotee-identity and with #2 above (Peter’s own positive “servant” self-title). |
| 44 | Way of Righteousness | ὁδὸς τῆς δικαιοσύνης (hodos tēs dikaiosynēs) | ನೀತಿವಂತಿಕೆಯ ಮಾರ್ಗ | nītivantikeya mārga | High | False Teachers and Their Judgment | [NEW] (reuses ನೀತಿವಂತಿಕೆ) | 2:21 | Never ಧರ್ಮಮಾರ್ಗ — would reintroduce the forbidden ಧರ್ಮ substitution. |
| 45 | Scoffers | ἐμπαῖκται (empaiktai) | ಪರಿಹಾಸ್ಯ ಮಾಡುವವರು | parihāsya māḍuvavaru | High | Certainty of Christ’s Return | [NEW] | 3:3 | Conveys deliberate scorn of the return-promise, not innocent doubt. |
| 46 | Creation | κτίσις (ktisis) | ಸೃಷ್ಟಿ | sṛṣṭi | High | Day of the Lord and Final Judgment | [NEW] | 3:4 | ಸೃಷ್ಟಿ also names the creative phase of the endless Hindu sṛṣṭi-sthiti-praḷaya cycle; here, a single, non-repeating, personally authored origination event. |
| 47 | Fire / Elements (Cosmic Dissolution) | πῦρ / στοιχεῖα (pyr / stoicheia) | ಬೆಂಕಿ / ಮೂಲಧಾತುಗಳು | beṅki / mūladhātugaḷu | High | Day of the Lord and Final Judgment | [NEW] | 3:7, 10, 12 | Risk of conflation with praḷaya-agni (periodic cosmic dissolving fire) and Pañca Mahābhūta cosmology; this is a singular, final, historical dissolution ending in permanent new creation. |
| 48 | ”One Day as a Thousand Years” | μία ἡμέρα ὡς χίλια ἔτη (mia hēmera hōs chilia etē) | ಒಂದು ದಿನ ಸಾವಿರ ವರ್ಷಗಳ ಹಾಗೆ | ondu dina sāvira varṣagaḷa hāge | High | Patience of God’s Timing | [NEW] | 3:8 | Affirms God’s sovereign transcendence of human time in service of a real, terminating event — not participation in an endless yuga-cycle. |
| 49 | Patience / Longsuffering (of God) | μακροθυμία (makrothymia) | ದೀರ್ಘಶಾಂತಿ / ದೀರ್ಘಸಹನೆ | dīrghaśānti / dīrghasahane | Critical | Patience of God’s Timing | [NEW] | 3:9 | Keep lexically distinct from ὑπομονή (#16, human virtue). A personal, purposive divine forbearance aimed at repentance — never impersonal karmic ripening or fatalistic delay. |
| 50 | Repentance | μετάνοια (metanoia) | ಪಶ್ಚಾತ್ತಾಪ | paścāttāpa | Medium | Patience of God’s Timing | [NEW] | 3:9 | Standard Christian term; connects to universal-scope-of-gospel doctrine. |
| 51 | Day of the Lord | ἡμέρα κυρίου (hēmera kyriou) | ಕರ್ತನ ದಿನ | Kartana dina | Critical | The Day of the Lord and Final Judgment | [NEW] (reuses ಕರ್ತ) | 3:10 | Single highest cosmological-risk term in the book. Sharply distinguish from Hindu Praḷaya (recurring, cyclical cosmic dissolution) — this is a singular, final, unrepeatable event ushering in permanent new creation. Mandatory theologian review every occurrence. |
| 52 | New Heavens and New Earth | καινοὶ οὐρανοὶ καὶ γῆ καινή (kainoi ouranoi kai gē kainē) | ಹೊಸ ಆಕಾಶವೂ ಹೊಸ ಭೂಮಿಯೂ | hosa ākāśavū hosa bhūmiyū | Critical | Day of the Lord and Final Judgment | [NEW] | 3:13 | Permanent, final new creation — not a further phase in an endless sṛṣṭi-praḷaya cycle. Parallels baseline’s caution on ಪುನರುತ್ಥಾನ as terminating, not continuing, a cycle. |
| 53 | Scriptures (canonical recognition) | γραφαί (graphai) | ಪವಿತ್ರ ಗ್ರಂಥಗಳು | pavitra granthagaḷu | Critical | Reliability and Inspiration of Scripture | [NEW] (reuses ಪವಿತ್ರ ಗ್ರಂಥ) | 3:16 | Paul’s letters recognized as Scripture alongside the OT — key supporting text for canon/inspiration doctrine. |
| 54 | Jesus / Christ | Ἰησοῦς Χριστός (Iēsous Christos) | ಯೇಸು ಕ್ರಿಸ್ತ | Yēsu Krista | Critical | Lordship of Christ | [REUSED] | throughout | Established Kannada Christian forms per baseline transliteration standards. |
| 55 | Lord | κύριος (kyrios) | ಕರ್ತ | karta | Critical | Lordship of Christ | [REUSED] | 1:2, 8, 11, 14, 16; 2:20; 3:2, 8–10, 15, 18 | Never ಸ್ವಾಮಿ, per baseline. Distinguish from δεσπότης (#37), a related but separate Greek term rendered ಒಡೆಯ. |
Notes on New Terms Requiring Translation Memory Update
Per the AI Translation Requirements (12_ai_translation_requirements.md) Translation Memory Load and Enforcement Instructions, all [NEW] entries above must be:
- Assigned a risk level (already done above) using the
bible_term_registry.jsonframework. - Recorded in an updated
translation_memory.json(version increment) before Phase 2 segment translation of 2 Peter begins. - Flagged for theologian review if Critical or High risk — this applies to the majority of entries above (2 Peter’s dense doctrinal vocabulary around inspiration, Christ’s return, and cosmic judgment yields a higher proportion of Critical/High terms than typical Romans chapters).
Terms Carrying the Highest Combined Risk (Critical, New, Requiring Mandatory Theologian Review)
- σωτήρ → ರಕ್ಷಕ (#5)
- ἐπίγνωσις/γνῶσις → ಜ್ಞಾನ (#8)
- θείας κοινωνοὶ φύσεως → ದೈವಿಕ ಸ್ವಭಾವದಲ್ಲಿ ಪಾಲುಗಾರರು (#13)
- εὐσέβεια → ದೇವಭಕ್ತಿ (#17)
- σεσοφισμένα μῦθοι → ಕಲ್ಪಿತ ಕಥೆಗಳು (#22)
- παρουσία → ಆಗಮನ (#23)
- γραφή/γραφαί → ಪವಿತ್ರ ಗ್ರಂಥ (#31, #53)
- φερόμενοι (ὑπὸ πνεύματος ἁγίου) → ನಡೆಸಲ್ಪಟ್ಟು (#33)
- ταρταρόω → ಅಂಧಕಾರದ ಬಂಧನದಲ್ಲಿ ಇಡಲ್ಪಟ್ಟ (#41)
- μακροθυμία → ದೀರ್ಘಶಾಂತಿ (#49)
- ἡμέρα κυρίου → ಕರ್ತನ ದಿನ (#51)
- καινοὶ οὐρανοὶ καὶ γῆ καινή → ಹೊಸ ಆಕಾಶವೂ ಹೊಸ ಭೂಮಿಯೂ (#52)
These twelve terms represent the theological load-bearing center of 2 Peter for a Kannada destination audience and should receive priority attention in Phase 2 review routing.
Extends baseline translation_memory.json, bible_term_registry.json, and doctrine_risk_registry.json (Romans, kannada). Does not contradict any established baseline rendering.
Critical Risk Terms
Righteousness
Approved rendering: ನೀತಿವಂತಿಕೆ
Transliteration: nītivantike
Doctrine: Salvation
Rejected alternatives: ಧರ್ಮ, ಪುಣ್ಯ
Original: δικαιοσύνη
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. CRITICAL: never ಧರ್ಮ. Reused in 2 Peter 1:1 (‘the righteousness of our God and Savior’), 2:21 (‘the way of righteousness’), and 3:13 (the new creation ‘in which righteousness dwells’).
Salvation
Approved rendering: ರಕ್ಷಣೆ
Transliteration: rakṣaṇe
Doctrine: Salvation
Rejected alternatives: ಮೋಕ್ಷ, ಮುಕ್ತಿ, ಐಕ್ಯ
Inherited from Romans package. CRITICAL: NEVER ಮೋಕ್ಷ, ಮುಕ್ತಿ, or ಐಕ್ಯ. Foundational word-family root for the new term ‘savior’ (ರಕ್ಷಕ), a title occurring five times in 2 Peter; every occurrence of ರಕ್ಷಕ must visibly connect to this root without drifting toward a cycle-liberator sense.
Resurrection
Approved rendering: ಪುನರುತ್ಥಾನ
Transliteration: punarutthāna
Doctrine: Resurrection of Christ
Rejected alternatives: ಪುನರ್ಜನ್ಮ
Inherited from Romans package. CRITICAL: NEVER ಪುನರ್ಜನ್ಮ. Retained as the comparative anchor for 2 Peter 3:13’s ‘new heavens and new earth’ doctrine: both are one-time, terminating transitions, never stages in a repeating cycle.
Lord
Approved rendering: ಕರ್ತ
Transliteration: karta
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: ಸ್ವಾಮಿ
Original: κύριος
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package. CRITICAL: never ಸ್ವಾಮಿ. Occurs throughout 2 Peter (1:2, 8, 11, 14, 16; 2:20; 3:2, 8-10, 15, 18) and anchors ‘ಕರ್ತನ ದಿನ’ (Day of the Lord, 3:10). Must be kept distinct from δεσπότης/ಒಡೆಯ (2:1).
Son Of God
Approved rendering: ದೇವರ ಮಗ
Transliteration: Dēvara Maga
Doctrine: Sonship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: ದೇವಮಾನವ
Original: υἱός μου ὁ ἀγαπητός
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package. CRITICAL: full phrase required, never abbreviated to ‘ಮಗ’ alone. Extended in 2 Peter 1:17 as ‘ದೇವರ ಪ್ರಿಯ ಮಗ’ (beloved Son) at the Transfiguration; never read as an honorary title for an elevated human teacher.
Jesus
Approved rendering: ಯೇಸು
Transliteration: Yēsu
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: ಈಸಾ
Original: Ἰησοῦς
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package. ಯೇಸು is standard; never ಈಸಾ (Muslim/Urdu usage). Occurs throughout 2 Peter, frequently in the compound title ‘our Lord and Savior Jesus Christ.‘
God
Approved rendering: ದೇವರು
Transliteration: Dēvaru
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Rejected alternatives: ಭಗವಂತ, ಪರಶಿವ
Original: θεός
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. Avoid ಭಗವಂತ; flag the Lingayat-background reader’s possible mental substitution of ಪರಶಿವ, especially acute at 2 Peter 1:4’s ‘partakers of the divine nature.‘
Holy Spirit
Approved rendering: ಪವಿತ್ರಾತ್ಮ
Transliteration: Pavitrātma
Doctrine: Sanctification
Rejected alternatives: ಪರಮಾತ್ಮ
Original: πνεῦμα ἅγιον
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. CRITICAL: never ಪರಮಾತ್ಮ. The agent who ‘carried along’ the prophets in 2 Peter 1:21; root for the new compound verb ‘ಪವಿತ್ರಾತ್ಮನಿಂದ ನಡೆಸಲ್ಪಟ್ಟು.‘
Father
Approved rendering: ತಂದೆ
Transliteration: Tande
Doctrine: Adoption into God’s Family
Rejected alternatives: ಸೃಷ್ಟಿಕರ್ತ
Original: πατήρ
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. Use everyday ತಂದೆ, not abstract ಸೃಷ್ಟಿಕರ್ತ. ‘God the Father’ confers honor and glory on the Son at the Transfiguration (2 Peter 1:17).
Christ
Approved rendering: ಕ್ರಿಸ್ತ
Transliteration: Krista
Doctrine: Savior and Lord: Christ’s Compound Title
Rejected alternatives: ಅವತಾರಪುರುಷ
Original: Χριστός
Category: Christology
NEW entry for the 2 Peter curriculum (baseline Romans TM recorded only ‘jesus’). Established transliteration ಕ್ರಿಸ್ತ per the AI translation requirements’ proper-name conventions. Never ಅವತಾರಪುರುಷ or any avatar-adjacent framing; combined with ಯೇಸು throughout 2 Peter as the compound Messianic/Savior title.
Savior
Approved rendering: ರಕ್ಷಕ
Transliteration: rakṣaka
Doctrine: Savior and Lord: Christ’s Compound Title
Rejected alternatives: ಮೋಕ್ಷದಾತ, ಮುಕ್ತಿದಾತ
Original: σωτήρ
Category: Salvation / Christology
NEW. Christological title occurring five times (1:1, 11; 2:20; 3:2, 18), built on the baseline ರಕ್ಷಣೆ root. Must never suggest a moksha-giver/liberator-from-cycle; conveys a personal deliverer who rescues persons who remain distinct persons in relationship, exactly as ರಕ್ಷಣೆ was defined in the baseline. Every occurrence checked against ಕರ್ತ for consistency of the compound title.
Full Knowledge
Approved rendering: ಜ್ಞಾನ (ದೇವರ ಸಂಪೂರ್ಣ ಜ್ಞಾನ)
Transliteration: jñāna (Dēvara sampūrṇa jñāna)
Doctrine: Relational (not Mystical) Knowledge of God
Rejected alternatives: ಜ್ಞಾನ (bare, unqualified)
Original: ἐπίγνωσις / γνῶσις
Category: Growing in Christian Virtue
NEW. ἐπίγνωσις/γνῶσις, the letter’s structural growth-term (1:2, 3, 8; 2:20; 3:18). ಜ್ಞಾನ is the exact technical Advaita Vedānta term for liberating, non-dual Self-realization (Ātman=Brahman) via Jñāna-mārga. Mandatory translator note at every occurrence: this is relational, personal knowledge of a distinct personal God/Savior, growing through godly conduct — never impersonal Self-realization or dissolution of the subject-object distinction. Bare ಜ್ಞಾನ without the qualifying phrase is forbidden in doctrinally explicit contexts.
Partakers Of Divine Nature
Approved rendering: ದೈವಿಕ ಸ್ವಭಾವದಲ್ಲಿ ಪಾಲುಗಾರರು
Transliteration: daivika svabhāvadalli pālugāraru
Doctrine: Divine Nature and Escaping Corruption
Rejected alternatives: ಐಕ್ಯ, ಆತ್ಮ ಸಾಕ್ಷಾತ್ಕಾರ, ಅವತಾರ ಸಾಂಗತ್ಯ
Original: θείας κοινωνοὶ φύσεως
Category: Divine Nature and Escaping Corruption
NEW — THE SINGLE HIGHEST-RISK PHRASE IN THIS CURRICULUM. 2 Peter 1:4, θείας κοινωνοὶ φύσεως. Mandatory standing translator note at every occurrence: this is participatory, relational, moral transformation into God’s holiness through the Spirit and the promises, received while the believer remains a distinct person in ongoing relationship with God — NOT (a) the Veerashaiva Aikya state of final merger/dissolution of individual identity into Shiva, NOT (b) the Advaitic realization that Ātman is already identical with Brahman, and NOT (c) Krishna-bhakti avatāric participation in divine substance. Mandatory human theologian review at every occurrence.
Godliness
Approved rendering: ದೇವಭಕ್ತಿ
Transliteration: dēvabhakti
Doctrine: Godliness (εὐσέβεια) as Reverent, Grace-Grounded Devotion
Rejected alternatives: ಭಕ್ತಿ (bare)
Original: εὐσέβεια
Category: Growing in Christian Virtue
NEW — hardest single lexical choice in this letter. εὐσέβεια (1:3, 6, 7; 3:11). No fully clean Kannada word exists without the ಭಕ್ತಿ root already restricted by the baseline for ‘faith.’ Mandatory standing translator note at every occurrence: unlike Haridasa/Lingayat bhakti (devotee-chosen surrender toward a personally selected iṣṭa-devatā as a path to spiritual attainment), εὐσέβεια is the fruit of divine power and faith already granted — reverence flowing from a settled relationship already established in Christ. Human theologian review required at all four occurrences.
Cleverly Devised Myths
Approved rendering: ಕಲ್ಪಿತ ಕಥೆಗಳು
Transliteration: kalpita kathegaḷu
Doctrine: Reliability and Inspiration of Scripture
Rejected alternatives: ಪುರಾಣ
Original: σεσοφισμένοις μύθοις
Category: Reliability and Inspiration of Scripture
NEW. σεσοφισμένοις μύθοις (1:16). NEVER render with any term resembling ಪುರಾಣ (Purāṇa), the named genre of revered Hindu sacred narrative texts — doing so would equate Scripture’s rival with a revered scripture-genre and read as a doctrinal attack on Puranic literature specifically. Use only the generic secular ಕಲ್ಪಿತ ಕಥೆಗಳು (acceptable variant: ಕಟ್ಟುಕಥೆಗಳು).
Parousia
Approved rendering: ಆಗಮನ
Transliteration: āgamana
Doctrine: The Certainty of Christ’s Return
Rejected alternatives: ಅವತಾರ
Original: παρουσία
Category: Certainty of Christ’s Return
NEW. παρουσία (1:16; 3:4, 12). The word itself is neutral and safe, but the doctrine is Critical: Christ’s return is singular, unrepeatable, final — must never be assimilated to the cyclical avatāra pattern (e.g., a future Kalki descent) or repeated yuga-interventions. Mandatory translator note at every occurrence.
Prophetic Word
Approved rendering: ಇನ್ನೂ ದೃಢವಾದ ಪ್ರವಾದನಾ ವಾಕ್ಯ
Transliteration: innū dr̥ḍhavāda pravādanā vākya
Doctrine: Reliability and Inspiration of Scripture
Original: βεβαιότερον προφητικὸν λόγον
Category: Reliability and Inspiration of Scripture
NEW. βεβαιότερον προφητικὸν λόγον (1:19) — the anchor phrase of the core passage’s doctrine. Built on inherited ಪ್ರವಾದನೆ but elevated to Critical, since this verse makes Scripture’s own reliability the explicit doctrinal claim. Must not suggest prophecy needed apostolic testimony to become true; the two independently and mutually confirm each other.
Scripture
Approved rendering: ಪವಿತ್ರ ಗ್ರಂಥ
Transliteration: pavitra grantha
Doctrine: Reliability and Inspiration of Scripture
Rejected alternatives: ಗ್ರಂಥ (bare), ವಚನ ಸಾಹಿತ್ಯ
Original: γραφή
Category: Reliability and Inspiration of Scripture
NEW. γραφή (1:20; 3:16). Must be sharply distinguished from the vachana literature of the Veerashaiva Sharana poet-saints and from Haridasa devotional kirtane compositions — genuinely treasured but categorically different from God-breathed Scripture. ಗ್ರಂಥ alone is the generic Kannada word for any book; always qualify as ಪವಿತ್ರ ಗ್ರಂಥ.
Carried By Holy Spirit
Approved rendering: ಪವಿತ್ರಾತ್ಮನಿಂದ ನಡೆಸಲ್ಪಟ್ಟು
Transliteration: Pavitrātmaninda naḍesalpaṭṭu
Doctrine: Reliability and Inspiration of Scripture
Rejected alternatives: ಆವೇಶ
Original: ὑπὸ πνεύματος ἁγίου φερόμενοι
Category: Reliability and Inspiration of Scripture
NEW — the single most theologically load-bearing new verb in the letter. ὑπὸ πνεύματος ἁγίου φερόμενοι (1:21). Must be sharply distinguished from ಆವೇಶ (ecstatic deity-possession/trance phenomena of Karnataka folk-oracular practice). Conveys sovereign, purposeful divine superintendence producing coherent, truthful Scripture through the writers’ own faculties, not loss of consciousness. Mandatory translator note and theologian review.
Tartarus Confinement
Approved rendering: ಅಂಧಕಾರದ ಬಂಧನದಲ್ಲಿ ಇಡಲ್ಪಟ್ಟ
Transliteration: andhakārada bandhanadalli iḍalpaṭṭa
Doctrine: Judgment of the Fallen Angels (Tartarus)
Rejected alternatives: ನರಕ
Original: ταρταρόω
Category: False Teachers and Their Judgment
NEW. ταρταρόω (2:4), a unique NT hapax. NEVER ನರಕ (naraka), which in popular Hindu/Puranic cosmology names temporary hellish realms within a karma-driven cycle. Tartarus is a holding-place awaiting a final, singular, linear judgment. Descriptive phrase preferred over any single-word gloss; mandatory translator note.
Patience Of God
Approved rendering: ದೀರ್ಘಶಾಂತಿ / ದೀರ್ಘಸಹನೆ
Transliteration: dīrghaśānti / dīrghasahane
Doctrine: Patience of God’s Timing
Rejected alternatives: ತಾಳ್ಮೆ (reserved exclusively for the human virtue at 1:6), ಹಣೆಬರಹ
Original: μακροθυμία
Category: Patience of God’s Timing
NEW. μακροθυμία (3:9). Must be kept lexically distinct from ὑπομονή/ತಾಳ್ಮೆ. A specific divine attribute — personal, purposive forbearance toward sinners for the sake of repentance — never assimilated to the impersonal, gradual ‘ripening’ of karma or fatalistic delay.
Day Of The Lord
Approved rendering: ಕರ್ತನ ದಿನ
Transliteration: Kartana dina
Doctrine: The Day of the Lord and Final Judgment
Rejected alternatives: ಪ್ರಳಯ
Original: ἡμέρα κυρίου
Category: Day of the Lord and Final Judgment
NEW — the single highest cosmological-risk term in the book. ἡμέρα κυρίου (3:10), built on inherited ಕರ್ತ. Must be sharply distinguished from Hindu Praḷaya (periodic, recurring cosmic dissolution within a beginningless, endless cycle tied to the declining Yuga sequence). This is a singular, final, unrepeatable event personally executed by the returning Lord, terminating the present order once for all. Mandatory translator note and human theologian review at every occurrence.
New Heavens And New Earth
Approved rendering: ಹೊಸ ಆಕಾಶವೂ ಹೊಸ ಭೂಮಿಯೂ
Transliteration: hosa ākāśavū hosa bhūmiyū
Doctrine: Cosmic Dissolution and Permanent New Creation
Original: καινοὺς οὐρανοὺς καὶ γῆν καινήν
Category: Day of the Lord and Final Judgment
NEW. καινοὺς οὐρανοὺς καὶ γῆν καινήν (3:13), ‘in which righteousness dwells’ (reuses ನೀತಿವಂತಿಕೆ). Must be taught as a permanent, final new creation — not a further phase in an endless sṛṣṭi-praḷaya cycle — paralleling the baseline’s caution on ಪುನರುತ್ಥಾನ as terminating, not continuing, a cycle.
Scriptures Recognized
Approved rendering: ಪವಿತ್ರ ಗ್ರಂಥಗಳು
Transliteration: pavitra granthagaḷu
Doctrine: Scripture’s Canon and Apostolic Authority
Original: γραφαί
Category: Reliability and Inspiration of Scripture
NEW. γραφαί (3:16), ‘the rest of the Scriptures’ — Paul’s letters recognized as Scripture alongside the OT within the apostolic era. Same risk profile as ‘scripture’ above; key supporting text for the inspiration doctrine’s canon claim.
High Risk Terms
Gospel
Approved rendering: ಸುವಾರ್ತೆ
Transliteration: suvārte
Doctrine: Gospel
Rejected alternatives: ಸುದ್ದಿ
Inherited from Romans package. Established Kannada Christian term (su- ‘good’ + vārte ‘news’). Avoid the generic ಸುದ್ದಿ (news), which lacks the technical sense of the one saving proclamation. Relevant background term underlying 2 Peter’s repeated ‘our Lord and Savior’ framing even though the bare noun εὐαγγέλιον is not itself a high-frequency word in this letter.
Grace
Approved rendering: ಕೃಪೆ
Transliteration: kṛpe
Doctrine: Grace
Rejected alternatives: ಕರ್ಮಫಲ, ಪುಣ್ಯ
Original: χάρις
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Unmerited favor apart from human merit; distinguish from bhakti’s devotional exchange and Lingayat kayaka-dasoha merit ethic. Appears in the letter’s opening greeting (1:2) and closing charge to ‘grow in grace’ (3:18); must bookend the letter identically.
Faith
Approved rendering: ನಂಬಿಕೆ
Transliteration: nambike
Doctrine: Faith
Rejected alternatives: ಭಕ್ತಿ
Original: πίστις
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans package. Personal trust in Christ specifically; never ಭಕ್ತಿ. In 2 Peter 1:1, the ‘equally precious faith’ shared by all believers regardless of background reinforces the baseline’s universal-scope-of-gospel caution against caste/spiritual-attainment hierarchy.
Called
Approved rendering: ಕರೆಯಲ್ಪಟ್ಟ
Transliteration: kareyalpaṭṭa
Doctrine: Divine Calling
Rejected alternatives: ಆಮಂತ್ರಿತ
Inherited from Romans package. Context-sensitive participle; relevant to 2 Peter 1:10’s exhortation to ‘confirm your calling and election.‘
Calling
Approved rendering: ಕರೆ
Transliteration: kare
Doctrine: Divine Calling
Rejected alternatives: ಆಹ್ವಾನ
Inherited from Romans package. Noun form; paired with ದೇವರ ಆಯ್ಕೆ (election) in the compound term calling_and_election below for 2 Peter 1:10.
Sin
Approved rendering: ಪಾಪ
Transliteration: pāpa
Doctrine: Universal Human Accountability
Rejected alternatives: ಅಧರ್ಮ
Original: ἁμαρτία / ἁμαρτάνω
Category: Sin
Inherited from Romans package. Relevant to 2 Peter 1:9 (cleansing from former sins) and 2:4 (the sinning angels judged).
Glory
Approved rendering: ಮಹಿಮೆ
Transliteration: mahime
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Rejected alternatives: ತೇಜಸ್ಸು
Original: δόξα
Category: Christology / God
Inherited from Romans package. Occurs at 2 Peter 1:3, 1:17, and 3:18. Root for the new compounds majesty (ಮಹಾಮಹಿಮೆ) and majestic glory (ಮಹೋನ್ನತ ಮಹಿಮೆ). Avoid light-mysticism overtones adjacent to the Aikya path.
Power Of God
Approved rendering: ದೇವರ ಸಾಮರ್ಥ್ಯ
Transliteration: Dēvara Sāmarthya
Doctrine: Power of God for Salvation
Rejected alternatives: ಶಕ್ತಿ
Inherited from Romans package. NEVER ಶಕ್ತಿ (Shakta/Chamundeshwari collision). Root for the new compound ‘ದೈವಿಕ ಸಾಮರ್ಥ್ಯ’ (divine power, 2 Peter 1:3).
Prophecy
Approved rendering: ಪ್ರವಾದನೆ
Transliteration: pravādane
Doctrine: Reliability and Inspiration of Scripture
Rejected alternatives: ಭವಿಷ್ಯಫಲ
Inherited from Romans package, RISK TIER ELEVATED from Low (Romans) to High/Critical-adjacent for 2 Peter, where 1:19-21 makes prophecy’s own reliability the letter’s central doctrinal claim rather than background OT-fulfillment vocabulary. See new compound ‘prophetic_word’ below for the Critical-tier full phrase.
Election
Approved rendering: ದೇವರ ಆಯ್ಕೆ
Transliteration: Dēvara Āyke
Doctrine: Effectual Calling
Rejected alternatives: ಹಣೆಬರಹ, ವಿಧಿ
Inherited from Romans package. Never ಹಣೆಬರಹ or ವಿಧಿ. Paired with ಕರೆ in 2 Peter 1:10’s ‘confirm your calling and election.‘
Providence
Approved rendering: ದೇವರ ಪರಿಪಾಲನೆ
Transliteration: Dēvara Paripālane
Doctrine: Providence
Rejected alternatives: ಹಣೆಬರಹ, ಕರ್ಮದ ನಿಯಮ
Inherited from Romans package. Background doctrine informing 2 Peter’s Patience of God’s Timing doctrine (3:8-9): God’s personal, purposive governance, never ಹಣೆಬರಹ (fatalism) or ಕರ್ಮದ ನಿಯಮ (impersonal karmic law).
Servant Of Christ
Approved rendering: ದಾಸ
Transliteration: dāsa
Doctrine: Apostleship / Christian Identity
Rejected alternatives: ಗುಲಾಮ (reserved exclusively for the negative sense at 2:19)
Original: δοῦλος
Category: Apostleship / Christian Identity
2 Peter 1:1, δοῦλος in its POSITIVE sense. Established Kannada Bible convention (‘ಕ್ರಿಸ್ತನ ದಾಸ’). ದಾಸ is also the Haridasa bhakti tradition’s own self-identifying title (e.g. Purandara Dāsa, ‘servant of Hari’). Distinguish: Peter’s slave-status is grounded in Christ’s ownership through redemption/incarnation/lordship, not a devotee’s own chosen surrender to a personally selected deity. MUST NOT be used for the negative sense of the same Greek word at 2:19 (see slave_to_corruption below), which uses ಗುಲಾಮ instead.
Divine Power
Approved rendering: ದೈವಿಕ ಸಾಮರ್ಥ್ಯ
Transliteration: daivika sāmarthya
Doctrine: Divine Nature and Escaping Corruption
Rejected alternatives: ಶಕ್ತಿ
Original: θεία δύναμις
Category: God / Divine Nature
NEW. 2 Peter 1:3, θεία δύναμις. Built on the baseline ಸಾಮರ್ಥ್ಯ root; NEVER ಶಕ್ತಿ, per the baseline’s forbidden substitution (Shakta tradition/Chamundeshwari collision).
Virtue
Approved rendering: ಸದ್ಗುಣ
Transliteration: sadguṇa
Doctrine: Growing in Christian Virtue
Original: ἀρετή
Category: Growing in Christian Virtue
NEW. ἀρετή, used first of God’s own moral excellence (1:3) and then of the virtue believers add to faith (1:5). ಸದ್ಗುಣ is broad shared ethical vocabulary across Hindu, Jain, and Christian usage; translator note required distinguishing the two occurrences — 1:3 God’s own excellence, 1:5 a grace-produced fruit added to faith already given, not a merit-rung on a self-effort ladder like the Lingayat shatsthala stage-path.
Corruption
Approved rendering: ಭ್ರಷ್ಟತೆ / ನಾಶ
Transliteration: bhraṣṭate / nāśa
Doctrine: Divine Nature and Escaping Corruption
Rejected alternatives: ಸಂಸಾರ ಬಂಧನ
Original: φθορά
Category: Divine Nature and Escaping Corruption
NEW. φθορά (1:4; 2:12, 19). Distinguish from cyclical karmic bondage (saṃsāra); this is a one-time moral-spiritual transfer, not liberation from the rebirth cycle. Consistent with baseline’s caution on ಮೋಕ್ಷ/ಮುಕ್ತಿ for ‘salvation.‘
Steadfastness
Approved rendering: ತಾಳ್ಮೆ
Transliteration: tāḷme
Doctrine: Growing in Christian Virtue
Rejected alternatives: ದೀರ್ಘಶಾಂತಿ (reserved exclusively for God’s patience, 3:9)
Original: ὑπομονή
Category: Growing in Christian Virtue
NEW. ὑπομονή (1:6), a human virtue. Must be kept lexically distinct from μακροθυμία (God’s forbearance, 3:9) — using the same Kannada word for both would blur a human virtue with a divine attribute.
Calling And Election
Approved rendering: ಕರೆ ಮತ್ತು ದೇವರ ಆಯ್ಕೆ
Transliteration: kare mattu Dēvara āyke
Doctrine: Assurance through Confirming One’s Calling and Election
Rejected alternatives: ಹಣೆಬರಹ, ವಿಧಿ
Original: κλῆσις καὶ ἐκλογή
Category: Divine Calling / Election
NEW compound built entirely on inherited baseline terms ಕರೆ and ದೇವರ ಆಯ್ಕೆ. 2 Peter 1:10, ‘confirm your calling and election.’ Assurance here is confirmed by fruit already flowing from a prior sovereign divine act, never earned through self-effort attainment, and never ಹಣೆಬರಹ or ವಿಧಿ.
Private Interpretation
Approved rendering: ಸ್ವಂತ ವ್ಯಾಖ್ಯಾನ
Transliteration: svanta vyākhyāna
Doctrine: Reliability and Inspiration of Scripture
Original: ἰδία ἐπίλυσις
Category: Reliability and Inspiration of Scripture
NEW. ἰδία ἐπίλυσις (1:20). Must preserve the force that Scripture’s origin is denied to be human/private, without implying humans played no role at all — v. 21 clarifies the mode as Spirit-borne human speech, not dictation-only.
False Teachers
Approved rendering: ಸುಳ್ಳು ಬೋಧಕರು
Transliteration: suḷḷu bōdhakaru
Doctrine: False Teachers and Their Judgment
Rejected alternatives: ಬೋಧಕರು (bare)
Original: ψευδοδιδάσκαλοι
Category: False Teachers and Their Judgment
NEW. ψευδοδιδάσκαλοι (2:1). ಸುಳ್ಳು is the indispensable qualifier distinguishing gospel counterfeits from Karnataka’s own legitimate teacher-lineages (Lingayat ಜಂಗಮ, Haridasa guru-paramparā), which this term does not condemn.
Destructive Heresies
Approved rendering: ವಿನಾಶಕರ ಪಂಥಗಳು
Transliteration: vināśakara panthagaḷu
Doctrine: False Teachers and Their Judgment
Rejected alternatives: ಪಂಥಗಳು (bare)
Original: αἵρεσις ἀπωλείας
Category: False Teachers and Their Judgment
NEW. αἵρεσις ἀπωλείας (2:1). ಪಂಥ is neutral across Indian traditions; ವಿನಾಶಕರ is the non-negotiable qualifier marking doctrinal ruin, not a neutral alternate path.
Master Despotes
Approved rendering: ಒಡೆಯ
Transliteration: oḍeya
Doctrine: False Teachers and Their Judgment
Rejected alternatives: ಪ್ರಭು, ಸ್ವಾಮಿ
Original: δεσπότης
Category: Lordship of Christ / False Teachers
NEW. δεσπότης (2:1), distinct from κύριος/ಕರ್ತ. Never ಪ್ರಭು (closely associated with the Lingayat Sharana honorific ‘Allama Prabhu’) or ಸ್ವಾಮಿ. Ties to the costly redemption-purchase (ಕೊಂಡುಕೊಂಡ) rather than a generic honorific.
Bought Redeemed
Approved rendering: ಕೊಂಡುಕೊಂಡ
Transliteration: koṇḍukoṇḍa
Doctrine: False Teachers and Their Judgment
Original: ἀγοράζω
Category: False Teachers and Their Judgment / Atonement
NEW. ἀγοράζω (2:1), Christ’s redemptive purchase even of those who later deny him. Must retain the costly, sacrificial-atonement sense, not a neutral commercial transaction.
Destruction
Approved rendering: ನಾಶ
Transliteration: nāśa
Doctrine: Day of the Lord and Final Judgment
Original: ἀπώλεια
Category: Day of the Lord and Final Judgment / False Teachers and Their Judgment
NEW. ἀπώλεια (2:1, 3; 3:7, 16). Names a real, final ruin under a personal God’s judgment, not impersonal karmic exhaustion or a stage preceding another rebirth.
Judgment
Approved rendering: ತೀರ್ಪು / ನ್ಯಾಯತೀರ್ಪು
Transliteration: tīrpu / nyāyatīrpu
Doctrine: False Teachers and Their Judgment
Rejected alternatives: ಹಣೆಬರಹ, ಕರ್ಮದ ನಿಯಮ
Original: κρίμα / κρίσις
Category: False Teachers and Their Judgment / Day of the Lord and Final Judgment
NEW. κρίμα / κρίσις (2:3, 9; 3:7). Central to two curriculum doctrines. Must be a personal God’s forensic verdict, never an impersonal karmic accounting or fatalistic outcome.
Slave To Corruption
Approved rendering: ಗುಲಾಮ
Transliteration: gulāma
Doctrine: Bondage to Corruption vs. True Freedom
Rejected alternatives: ದಾಸ (reserved exclusively for the positive sense at 1:1)
Original: ἐλευθερία / δεδούλωται
Category: Divine Nature and Escaping Corruption
NEW. δοῦλος/δεδούλωται in its NEGATIVE sense (2:19), ‘slaves of corruption.’ Deliberately rendered ಗುಲಾಮ, NOT ದಾಸ, to avoid confusion with the positive Haridasa bhakti self-designation ‘dāsa’ and with Peter’s own positive apostolic self-title (1:1). Never interchange the two words across the letter.
Way Of Righteousness
Approved rendering: ನೀತಿವಂತಿಕೆಯ ಮಾರ್ಗ
Transliteration: nītivantikeya mārga
Doctrine: Apostasy and Abandoning the Way of Righteousness
Rejected alternatives: ಧರ್ಮಮಾರ್ಗ
Original: ὁδὸς τῆς δικαιοσύνης
Category: Salvation / False Teachers and Their Judgment
NEW. ὁδὸς τῆς δικαιοσύνης (2:21). Built on inherited ನೀತಿವಂತಿಕೆ. Never ಧರ್ಮಮಾರ್ಗ, which would reintroduce the baseline’s absolutely forbidden ಧರ್ಮ substitution.
Scoffers
Approved rendering: ಪರಿಹಾಸ್ಯ ಮಾಡುವವರು
Transliteration: parihāsya māḍuvavaru
Doctrine: The Certainty of Christ’s Return
Rejected alternatives: ಸಂದೇಹವಾದಿಗಳು
Original: ἐμπαῖκται
Category: Certainty of Christ’s Return
NEW. ἐμπαῖκται (3:3). Must convey deliberate scorn of Christ’s return-promise, not innocent doubt (ಸಂದೇಹವಾದಿಗಳು would understate this).
Creation
Approved rendering: ಸೃಷ್ಟಿ
Transliteration: sṛṣṭi
Doctrine: Day of the Lord and Final Judgment
Original: κτίσις
Category: Day of the Lord and Final Judgment
NEW. κτίσις (3:4), the scoffers’ false uniformitarian premise. ಸೃಷ್ಟಿ is also the standard term for the creative phase of the endless Hindu sṛṣṭi-sthiti-praḷaya cycle. Mandatory note: biblical creation is a single, one-time origination event with a real beginning and a real, final consummation (3:13), not a recurring phase.
Fire And Elements
Approved rendering: ಬೆಂಕಿ / ಮೂಲಧಾತುಗಳು
Transliteration: beṅki / mūladhātugaḷu
Doctrine: Day of the Lord and Final Judgment
Original: πῦρ / στοιχεῖα
Category: Day of the Lord and Final Judgment
NEW. πῦρ / στοιχεῖα (3:7, 10, 12). ಮೂಲಧಾತುಗಳು risks evoking the Pañca Mahābhūta cosmological schema; fire-based destruction risks evoking praḷaya-agni. Mandatory note: this fire is a single, final, historical event ending in a permanent new creation (3:13), not a recurring dissolution within an endless kalpa-cycle.
One Day As A Thousand Years
Approved rendering: ಒಂದು ದಿನ ಸಾವಿರ ವರ್ಷಗಳ ಹಾಗೆ
Transliteration: ondu dina sāvira varṣagaḷa hāge
Doctrine: Patience of God’s Timing
Original: μία ἡμέρα…ὡς χίλια ἔτη
Category: Patience of God’s Timing
NEW. μία ἡμέρα…ὡς χίλια ἔτη (3:8). Must not be read as endorsing a cyclical or cosmically vast yuga timescale. The point is God’s sovereign transcendence of human time in service of a real, imminent, one-time, terminating event.
Medium Risk Terms
Apostle
Approved rendering: ಅಪೊಸ್ತಲ
Transliteration: apostala
Doctrine: Apostleship
Rejected alternatives: ಗುರು, ಜಂಗಮ
Original: ἀπόστολος
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package. Peter’s self-designation in 1:1 alongside δοῦλος. Avoid ಗುರು or ಜಂಗಮ (the Lingayat wandering mendicant-teacher office).
Peace
Approved rendering: ಶಾಂತಿ
Transliteration: śānti
Doctrine: Peace with God
Rejected alternatives: ಮನಶ್ಶಾಂತಿ
Original: εἰρήνη
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Occurs in 2 Peter 1:2’s opening greeting, ‘grace and peace be multiplied to you.’ Not the inner tranquility of bhakti devotion or Lingayat meditative discipline.
Kingdom Of God
Approved rendering: ದೇವರ ರಾಜ್ಯ
Transliteration: Dēvara Rājya
Doctrine: Kingdom Mission
Inherited from Romans package. Root for 2 Peter 1:11’s new compound term ‘ನಿತ್ಯ ರಾಜ್ಯ’ (eternal kingdom).
Promises
Approved rendering: ವಾಗ್ದಾನ
Transliteration: vāgdāna
Doctrine: Certainty of Christ’s Return
Rejected alternatives: ಒಪ್ಪಂದ
Original: ἐπάγγελμα
Category: Covenant / Eschatology
NEW. ἐπάγγελμα (1:4; also 3:4, 9, 13). Standard covenant-promise vocabulary, consistent with the baseline’s ಒಡಂಬಡಿಕೆ register — a divinely-initiated relational pledge, not a mutual contract (ಒಪ್ಪಂದ).
Self Control
Approved rendering: ಆತ್ಮಸಂಯಮ
Transliteration: ātmasaṃyama
Doctrine: Growing in Christian Virtue
Original: ἐγκράτεια
Category: Growing in Christian Virtue
NEW. ἐγκράτεια (1:6). ಸಂಯಮ is Patanjali’s technical yogic term (dhāraṇā-dhyāna-samādhi discipline aimed at siddhi). Translator note: here it denotes ordinary ethical self-discipline against sinful desire, not a meditative technique for spiritual power.
Eternal Kingdom
Approved rendering: ನಿತ್ಯ ರಾಜ್ಯ
Transliteration: nitya rājya
Doctrine: Kingdom Mission
Original: βασιλεία αἰώνιος
Category: Kingdom
NEW. βασιλεία αἰώνιος (1:11), ‘richly provided entrance into the eternal kingdom.’ Consistent with baseline’s ದೇವರ ರಾಜ್ಯ doctrine — God’s sovereign eternal reign, not a territorial kingdom.
Eyewitnesses
Approved rendering: ಪ್ರತ್ಯಕ್ಷದರ್ಶಿಗಳು
Transliteration: pratyakṣadarśigaḷu
Doctrine: Apostolic Eyewitness Testimony
Rejected alternatives: ದರ್ಶನ ಪಡೆದವರು
Original: ἐπόπται
Category: Reliability and Inspiration of Scripture
NEW. ἐπόπται (1:16). ದರ್ಶಿ/ದರ್ಶನ carries strong devotional resonance (beholding a deity/guru in temple worship). Translator note required: this is historical, legal, verifiable eyewitness testimony to a real datable event, not devotional visionary experience.
Majesty
Approved rendering: ಮಹಾಮಹಿಮೆ
Transliteration: mahāmahime
Doctrine: Deity and Sonship of Christ at the Transfiguration
Original: μεγαλειότης
Category: Deity of Christ
NEW. μεγαλειότης (1:16), built on the baseline ಮಹಿಮೆ register.
Majestic Glory
Approved rendering: ಮಹೋನ್ನತ ಮಹಿಮೆ
Transliteration: mahonnata mahime
Doctrine: Deity and Sonship of Christ at the Transfiguration
Original: μεγαλοπρεπὴς δόξα
Category: Deity of Christ
NEW. μεγαλοπρεπὴς δόξα (1:17), a reverent circumlocution for the Father’s own voice/presence at the Transfiguration.
Holy Mountain
Approved rendering: ಪವಿತ್ರ ಪರ್ವತ
Transliteration: pavitra parvata
Doctrine: Reliability and Inspiration of Scripture
Original: ὄρος ἅγιον
Category: Reliability and Inspiration of Scripture
NEW. ὄρος ἅγιον (1:18), built on the inherited baseline ಪವಿತ್ರ. Many Karnataka sacred-hill/pilgrimage sites also use ‘ಪವಿತ್ರ ಬೆಟ್ಟ/ಗಿರಿ’ language; clarify that this mountain’s holiness derives from a one-time historical theophany (the Transfiguration), not an ongoing site of pilgrimage merit.
Morning Star
Approved rendering: ಉದಯ ನಕ್ಷತ್ರ
Transliteration: udaya nakṣatra
Doctrine: The Certainty of Christ’s Return
Original: φωσφόρος
Category: Certainty of Christ’s Return
NEW. φωσφόρος (1:19). No inherent religious loading, but avoid astrological (ಜ್ಯೋತಿಷ್ಯ) framing, consistent with the baseline’s ಪ್ರವಾದಿ vs ಜ್ಯೋತಿಷಿ distinction.
Flood
Approved rendering: ಜಲಪ್ರಳಯ
Transliteration: jalapraḷaya
Doctrine: Judgment on the Ancient World (Flood; Sodom and Gomorrah)
Original: κατακλυσμός
Category: Day of the Lord and Final Judgment
NEW. κατακλυσμός (2:5; 3:6). ಪ್ರಳಯ is the standard Hindu cosmological term for periodic cosmic dissolution; this compound must be qualified as the historical, one-time Noahic flood-judgment, never extended to the future fire-judgment of ch. 3.
Repentance
Approved rendering: ಪಶ್ಚಾತ್ತಾಪ
Transliteration: paścāttāpa
Doctrine: Patience of God’s Timing
Original: μετάνοια
Category: Patience of God’s Timing / Salvation
NEW. μετάνοια (3:9), the purpose of God’s patience. Standard Christian term; connects to the baseline’s universal-scope-of-gospel doctrine (God’s patience extended without partiality).
Cleansing
Approved rendering: ಶುದ್ಧೀಕರಣ
Transliteration: śuddhīkaraṇa
Doctrine: Sanctification
Rejected alternatives: ಪವಿತ್ರೀಕರಣ (reserved for the Spirit’s ongoing sanctifying work)
Original: καθαρισμός
Category: Sanctification
NEW. καθαρισμός (1:9), ‘forgetting he was cleansed from his former sins’ — the past, decisive cleansing at conversion. Distinguish from baseline ಪವಿತ್ರೀಕರಣ (ongoing sanctification).
Low Risk Terms
Prophet
Approved rendering: ಪ್ರವಾದಿ
Transliteration: pravādi
Doctrine: Inspiration of Scripture
Rejected alternatives: ಜ್ಯೋತಿಷಿ
Inherited from Romans package. Not an astrologer/fortune-teller (ಜ್ಯೋತಿಷಿ). Background term for 2 Peter’s false-prophets polemic (2:1) and the prophetic word doctrine (1:19-21).
Brotherly Affection
Approved rendering: ಸಹೋದರ ಪ್ರೀತಿ
Transliteration: sahodara prīti
Doctrine: Growing in Christian Virtue
Original: φιλαδελφία
Category: Growing in Christian Virtue
NEW. φιλαδελφία (1:7). Standard vocabulary; low collision risk.
Love
Approved rendering: ಪ್ರೀತಿ
Transliteration: prīti
Doctrine: Growing in Christian Virtue
Original: ἀγάπη
Category: Growing in Christian Virtue
NEW. ἀγάπη (1:7), the crown of the virtue-chain. Ensure it is read as the culmination of grace-produced virtue, not a separate merit achievement.
Referenced passages