Core Glossary
Core Glossary — 1 Corinthians — English → Kannada
This glossary consolidates every load-bearing theological term identified in analysis/07_semantic_analysis.md, spanning 1 Corinthians chapters 1–16. It extends — and never contradicts — the baseline Romans translation_memory.json and bible_term_registry.json. All terms carried over from Romans are marked Reused and must be rendered with the exact recorded Kannada form. All terms new to this curriculum are marked New and are proposed here for formal addition to the project’s translation memory in Phase 2, pending theologian sign-off on Critical/High items.
Risk tiers follow the baseline definitions exactly:
- Critical — mistranslation destroys essential doctrine; theologian review required for every occurrence.
- High — mistranslation creates significant syncretism/confusion risk; theologian review required.
- Medium — mistranslation reduces clarity but preserves core meaning; native speaker review recommended.
- Low — minor imprecision risk; automated review sufficient.
A. Terms Reused Exactly from the Romans Baseline
| Term (EN) | Greek | Kannada (reuse exactly) | Risk | Chapters occurring | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| gospel | εὐαγγέλιον | ಸುವಾರ್ತೆ | High | 1, 4, 9, 15 | Same authoritative one-time proclamation sense as Romans. |
| grace | χάρις | ಕೃಪೆ | High | 1, 3, 10, 15, 16 | 15:10’s triple repetition is the letter’s key grace-not-merit statement. |
| faith | πίστις | ನಂಬಿಕೆ | High | 2, 3, 12, 13, 15, 16 | Distinguish from bhakti devotional surrender per baseline note. |
| righteousness | δικαιοσύνη | ನೀತಿವಂತಿಕೆ | Critical | 1 (1:30) | Never ಧರ್ಮ. |
| justification | δικαίωσις / δικαιόω | ನೀತಿವಂತರೆಂದು ನಿರ್ಣಯಿಸುವುದು | Critical | 6 (6:11) | Reuse the full compound phrase; never abbreviate. |
| salvation | σωτηρία / σῴζω | ರಕ್ಷಣೆ | Critical | 1, 15 | Never ಮೋಕ್ಷ, ಮುಕ್ತಿ, ಐಕ್ಯ; note present-tense “being saved” nuance in 15:2. |
| apostle | ἀπόστολος | ಅಪೊಸ್ತಲ | Medium | 1, 4, 9, 12, 15 | Never ಗುರು/ಜಂಗಮ. |
| called / calling | κλητός / κλῆσις | ಕರೆಯಲ್ಪಟ್ಟ / ಕರೆ | High | 1, 7, 15 | Context-sensitive: apostleship (1:1), sainthood (1:2), marital/social state at conversion (7:20). |
| holy | ἅγιος | ಪವಿತ್ರ | High | 1, 3, 7 | Moral/relational, not ritual purity. |
| saints | ἅγιοι | ಪವಿತ್ರ ಜನರು | High | 1, 6, 14, 16 | Never ಶರಣರು. |
| sanctification | ἁγιασμός / ἁγιάζω | ಪವಿತ್ರೀಕರಣ | High | 1, 6 | 1:30 and 6:11. |
| resurrection | ἀνάστασις | ಪುನರುತ್ಥಾನ | Critical | 15 (throughout) | Never ಪುನರ್ಜನ್ಮ; core-passage anchor term. |
| lord | κύριος | ಕರ್ತ | Critical | 1, 8, 10, 12, 15, 16 | The “Jesus is Lord” confession (12:3) reuses the Romans 10:9 rendering verbatim. |
| glory | δόξα | ಮಹಿಮೆ | High | 10, 11 | Avoid light-only devotional-illumination overtones. |
| church | ἐκκλησία | ಸಭೆ | Medium | 1, 4, 6, 11, 12, 14, 15, 16 | Never ದೇವಸ್ಥಾನ/ಗುಡಿ (contrast with the new “temple” risk below). |
| power of God | δύναμις θεοῦ | ದೇವರ ಸಾಮರ್ಥ್ಯ | High | 1 (1:18, 24), 2 (2:5) | Never ಶಕ್ತಿ; extend prohibition to related “gifts of miracles” (12:10). |
| sin | ἁμαρτία | ಪಾಪ | High | 6, 15 (15:3, 56) | Personal transgression before a personal God, not karmic ledger. |
| election / God’s choice | ἐκλέγομαι | ದೇವರ ಆಯ್ಕೆ | High | 1 (1:27-28) | Watch caste-inversion resonance; the point is abolition of all status-boasting, not mere reversal of ranking. |
| covenant | διαθήκη | ಒಡಂಬಡಿಕೆ | High | 11 (11:25, “new covenant”) | Reuse exactly for ಹೊಸ ಒಡಂಬಡಿಕೆ. |
| prophecy | προφητεία | ಪ್ರವಾದನೆ | Low | 12, 13, 14 | Distinct from astrology/fortune-telling. |
| prophet | προφήτης | ಪ್ರವಾದಿ | Low | 12, 14 | As baseline. |
| spiritual gifts | πνευματικά / χαρίσματα | ಆತ್ಮಿಕ ವರಗಳು | Medium | 1 (1:7), 7 (7:7), 12, 14 | Never ವರ or ಸಿದ್ಧಿ alone. |
| fellowship | κοινωνία | ಅನ್ಯೋನ್ಯತೆ | Low–High (context-dependent) | 1 (1:9, general), 10 (10:16, Lord’s Supper — elevated sense) | Flag the Lord’s-Supper occurrence (10:16) as requiring deeper theological qualification than ordinary fellowship. |
| holy spirit | πνεῦμα ἅγιον | ಪವಿತ್ರಾತ್ಮ | Critical | 2, 3, 6, 12, 14 | Never ಪರಮಾತ್ಮ. |
| thanksgiving | εὐχαριστία | ಕೃತಜ್ಞತಾಸ್ತುತಿ | Low | 1 (1:4), 14 (14:16-18) | Standard term. |
B. New Terms Introduced by 1 Corinthians
| Term (EN) | Greek | Transliteration | Kannada rendering | Risk | Chapter(s) | Rationale / rejected alternatives |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| wisdom | σοφία | sophia | ಜ್ಞಾನ | High | 1, 2, 3, 12 | Rejected: leave un-qualified. ಜ್ಞಾನ carries strong Advaita jñāna-mārga (path-of-knowledge/self-realization) associations; must always be anchored to “God’s wisdom revealed in the crucified Christ” (1:24, 30), never left to read as self-attained gnosis. |
| foolishness | μωρία | mōria | ಮೂರ್ಖತನ | Medium | 1 | Standard term; low ambiguity beyond its paired contrast with ಜ್ಞಾನ. |
| cross | σταυρός | stauros | ಶಿಲುಬೆ | High | 1 | Rejected: generic suffering/merit vocabulary. Established Kannada Christian term; must not be softened toward meritorious ascetic self-denial (tapasya). |
| mystery | μυστήριον | mystērion | ರಹಸ್ಯ | High | 2, 4 (4:1), 15 (15:51) | Rejected: leave unqualified as “secret.” Risk of conflation with tantra/guru-disciple esoteric transmission reserved for initiates; Paul’s mystery is now openly disclosed to all believers. |
| natural/unspiritual person | ψυχικὸς ἄνθρωπος | psychikos anthrōpos | ಪ್ರಾಕೃತ ಮನುಷ್ಯ | High | 2 | Rejected: unqualified use risks collision with Samkhya’s technical prakṛti (matter/nature) category; must read plainly as “a person without the Spirit of God.” |
| foundation | θεμέλιος | themelios | ಅಸ್ತಿವಾರ | Low | 3 | Standard term. |
| temple (of God) | ναός (θεοῦ) | naos (theou) | ದೇವಾಲಯ | High | 3 (corporate), 6 (individual body) | Rejected: no viable substitute exists, since Paul’s own metaphor requires the word “temple.” ದೇವಾಲಯ is identical to the ordinary word for a Hindu temple building; every occurrence requires a translator’s note distinguishing the Spirit’s metaphorical indwelling from any physical shrine or idol’s residence. Flag for mandatory theologian review at every occurrence. |
| carnal / fleshly | σαρκικός | sarkikos | ಶರೀರಭಾವದ | Medium | 3 | Must denote sin-dominated immaturity, not a body-negating dualism (the body is honored elsewhere in the letter, chs. 6, 15). |
| steward | οἰκονόμος | oikonomos | ಮನೆವಾರ್ತೆಗಾರ | Low | 4 | Standard term for an entrusted household manager. |
| sexual immorality | πορνεία | porneia | ಜಾರತ್ವ | High | 5, 6, 7, 10 | Rejected: euphemistic softening. Must be understood as the broad category of sexual sin outside marriage across all its occurrences; consistency required. |
| deliver to Satan | παραδοῦναι τῷ Σατανᾷ | paradounai tō Satana | ಸೈತಾನನಿಗೆ ಒಪ್ಪಿಸು | High | 5 | A severe but restorative church-discipline act; must not read as magical cursing untethered from the stated goal of the offender’s ultimate salvation. |
| leaven | ζύμη | zymē | ಹುಳಿ | Medium | 5 | Needs a translator’s note on the OT Passover background (unleavened bread) given low OT-narrative literacy in the target audience. |
| Passover | πάσχα | pascha | ಪಸ್ಕ | Medium | 5 | ”Christ our Passover lamb” (5:7) requires OT typological background note. |
| justified / washed | ἀπελούσασθε | apelousasthe | ತೊಳೆಯಲ್ಪಟ್ಟಿರಿ | Medium | 6 | Paired with the reused ಪವಿತ್ರೀಕರಣ/ನೀತಿವಂತರೆಂದು ನಿರ್ಣಯಿಸುವುದು triad in 6:11; connects to baptismal imagery. |
| members (of Christ/body) | μέλη | melē | ಅಂಗಗಳು | High | 6, 12 | Rejected: leave the body-metaphor unqualified. Risk of collision with the Puruṣasūkta’s cosmic-body/varṇa-origin myth (Rig Veda 10.90); Paul’s point (weaker/less-honorable members receive greater honor, no division in the body, 12:22-25) must be explicitly contrasted with any caste-ranking reading. Flag for mandatory theologian review. |
| one flesh | μία σάρξ | mia sarx | ಒಂದೇ ಶರೀರ | Medium | 6 | Marital union metaphor. |
| bought with a price / redeemed | ἠγοράσθητε τιμῆς | ēgorasthēte timēs | ಕ್ರಯಕ್ಕೆ ಕೊಂಡುಕೊಳ್ಳಲ್ಪಟ್ಟಿದ್ದೀರಿ | High | 6 | Must retain God as initiating purchaser, not read as bare commercial transaction or as a bhakti-style devotee-initiated self-offering (dāsya-bhāva). |
| redemption | ἀπολύτρωσις | apolytrōsis | ವಿಮೋಚನೆ | Critical | 1 (1:30) | Rejected: any drift toward ಮೋಕ್ಷ/ಮುಕ್ತಿ. Add to this curriculum’s forbidden-substitution list: ವಿಮೋಚನೆ must never be assimilated to “release” from the rebirth cycle; it is a purchased deliverance received by a person remaining in personal relationship with God. |
| marriage | γάμος / γαμέω | gamos / gameō | ವಿವಾಹ / ಮದುವೆ | Medium | 7 | Must not be read through the Hindu āśrama-stage system in which marriage is a lower stage eventually transcended by renunciation for higher spiritual attainment. |
| unmarried / singleness | ἄγαμος | agamos | ಅವಿವಾಹಿತ | Medium | 7 | Commended for undivided devotion, not ascetic merit-accumulation; same āśrama-system caution as above. |
| virgin | παρθένος | parthenos | ಕನ್ಯೆ | Medium | 7 | Standard term. |
| conjugal duty | ὀφειλή | opheilē | ದಾಂಪತ್ಯ ಕರ್ತವ್ಯ | Low | 7 | Standard term. |
| depart / divorce | χωρίζω / ἀφίημι | chōrizō / aphiēmi | ಅಗಲುವುದು / ವಿಚ್ಛೇದನ | Medium | 7 | Standard term. |
| present distress | ἐνεστῶσα ἀνάγκη | enestōsa anankē | ಈಗಿನ ಸಂಕಟ | Low | 7 | Standard term. |
| idol meat / food offered to idols | εἰδωλόθυτον | eidōlothyton | ವಿಗ್ರಹಕ್ಕೆ ಅರ್ಪಿಸಿದ ಆಹಾರ | High | 8, 10 | NEVER ಪ್ರಸಾದ. ಪ್ರಸಾದ is the standard, positively-loaded Kannada/Hindu term for deity-blessed food distributed after temple offering; using it would import exactly the sanctifying connotation Paul is qualifying. Use only the neutral descriptive phrase. |
| idol | εἴδωλον | eidōlon | ವಿಗ್ರಹ | Medium | 8, 10, 12 | Neutral word for a cult image; must carry Paul’s two-sided teaching (the object is “nothing,” yet real spiritual danger lies behind idol worship, 10:19-20). |
| knowledge | γνῶσις | gnōsis | ತಿಳುವಳಿಕೆ | Medium | 8, 13 | Deliberately kept distinct from ಜ್ಞಾನ (wisdom, σοφία) to avoid collapsing two distinct Greek terms into one Kannada word. |
| conscience | συνείδησις | syneidēsis | ಮನಸ್ಸಾಕ್ಷಿ | High | 8, 10 | Must be read as a personal, morally responsive faculty capable of being wounded/defiled, not the impersonal Advaita Vedanta witness-consciousness (sākṣin). |
| liberty / right | ἐξουσία | exousia | ಸ್ವಾತಂತ್ರ್ಯ / ಅಧಿಕಾರ | Medium | 8, 9 | Christian liberty exercised for others’ good, not license. |
| stumbling block | πρόσκομμα | proskomma | ಎಡವುವಿಕೆ / ಅಡ್ಡಿ | Medium | 8 | Standard term. |
| self-control | ἐγκράτεια | enkrateia | ಸ್ವನಿಯಂತ್ರಣ | High | 9 | Must be framed as Spirit-enabled discipline for gospel ministry and future reward, not a self-attained ascetic technique (indriya-nigraha) earning merit or liberation. |
| imperishable crown | ἄφθαρτος στέφανος | aphthartos stephanos | ಅವಿನಾಶಿ ಕಿರೀಟ | Medium | 9 | Athletic-victory metaphor for eternal reward. |
| disqualified | ἀδόκιμος | adokimos | ಅಯೋಗ್ಯನೆಂದು ತಿರಸ್ಕರಿಸಲ್ಪಡುವುದು | Medium | 9 | Standard term. |
| idolatry | εἰδωλολατρία | eidōlolatria | ವಿಗ್ರಹಾರಾಧನೆ | High | 10 | The most direct-collision term in the letter given the prevalence of temple worship in the Kannada-speaking cultural context; must be taught with full seriousness, not softened as merely historical. |
| the Lord’s table / table of demons | τράπεζα κυρίου / δαιμονίων | trapeza kyriou / daimoniōn | ಕರ್ತನ ಮೇಜು / ದೆವ್ವಗಳ ಮೇಜು | High | 10 | Preserve the stark either/or exclusivity of 10:21; reuse ಕರ್ತ exactly. |
| cup of blessing | ποτήριον τῆς εὐλογίας | potērion tēs eulogias | ಆಶೀರ್ವಾದದ ಪಾತ್ರೆ | Medium | 10, 11 | Lord’s Supper vocabulary. |
| temptation | πειρασμός | peirasmos | ಶೋಧನೆ | Low | 10 | Standard term. |
| head / headship | κεφαλή | kephalē | ಶಿರಸ್ಸು / ತಲೆ | High | 11 | Sensitive across Karnataka’s varied kinship structures, including coastal Karnataka’s matrilineal traditions (Aliyasantana/Bunt); must preserve Paul’s specific ordered-relationship point without importing generic caste-household patriarchal hierarchy. Flag for theologian review. |
| covering / veil | κατακαλύπτω / ἀκατακάλυπτος | katakalyptō / akatakalyptos | ಮುಸುಕು ಹಾಕಿಕೊಳ್ಳುವಿಕೆ | Medium | 11 | Must preserve Paul’s stated theological rationale rather than collapsing to either mere cultural fashion or dismissible irrelevance. |
| Lord’s Supper | κυριακὸν δεῖπνον | kyriakon deipnon | ಕರ್ತನ ಭೋಜನ | High | 11 | Reuse ಕರ್ತ exactly; distinguish both from a common potluck meal and from any naivedya/prasāda-like pattern of food offered to God then consumed. |
| new covenant | καινὴ διαθήκη | kainē diathēkē | ಹೊಸ ಒಡಂಬಡಿಕೆ | High | 11 | Reuse ಒಡಂಬಡಿಕೆ exactly (Section A). |
| remembrance | ἀνάμνησις | anamnēsis | ಜ್ಞಾಪಕಾರ್ಥ | Medium | 11 | Standard commemorative term. |
| discern the body | διακρίνων τὸ σῶμα | diakrinōn to sōma | ದೇಹವನ್ನು ವಿವೇಚಿಸು/ಗುರುತಿಸು | High | 11 | Interpretively ambiguous (Christ’s crucified body vs. the church as his body); requires a translator’s note rather than a premature interpretive choice. |
| unworthy manner | ἀναξίως | anaxiōs | ಅಯೋಗ್ಯ ರೀತಿಯಲ್ಲಿ | Medium | 11 | Standard term. |
| manifestation of the Spirit | φανέρωσις τοῦ πνεύματος | phanerōsis tou pneumatos | ಆತ್ಮನ ಪ್ರಕಟಣೆ | Medium | 12 | Standard term. |
| word of wisdom / word of knowledge | λόγος σοφίας / γνώσεως | logos sophias / gnōseōs | ಜ್ಞಾನದ ವಾಕ್ಯ / ತಿಳುವಳಿಕೆಯ ವಾಕ್ಯ | High | 12 | Inherits ಜ್ಞಾನ’s Advaita-adjacent risk; keep distinct from ತಿಳುವಳಿಕೆ (γνῶσις). |
| gifts of healing / miracles | χαρίσματα ἰαμάτων / ἐνεργήματα δυνάμεων | charismata iamatōn / energēmata dynameōn | ಸ್ವಸ್ಥತೆಯ ವರಗಳು / ಸಾಮರ್ಥ್ಯದ ಕಾರ್ಯಗಳು | High | 12 | Reuse ಸಾಮರ್ಥ್ಯ root; never ಶಕ್ತಿ or ಸಿದ್ಧಿ. |
| tongues | γλῶσσαι | glōssai | ಭಾಷೆಗಳು / ಪರಭಾಷೆಗಳು | High | 12, 13, 14 | Must be distinguished from ecstatic trance/spirit-possession phenomena in Karnataka folk religious practice (“ದೇವರು ಮೈಮೇಲೆ ಬರುವುದು”); ch.14’s orderliness/self-control framing is the controlling context. |
| interpretation (of tongues) | ἑρμηνεία (γλωσσῶν) | hermēneia (glōssōn) | ಭಾಷೆಗಳ ಅರ್ಥವಿವರಣೆ | Medium | 12, 14 | Standard term. |
| discerning of spirits | διακρίσεις πνευμάτων | diakriseis pneumatōn | ಆತ್ಮಗಳ ವಿವೇಚನೆ | High | 12 | ವಿವೇಚನೆ/ವಿವೇಕ’s Vedantic-discrimination overtone must be reframed as a specific charism for testing a manifestation’s spiritual source, not philosophical Self/non-Self discrimination. |
| baptized (into one body) | ἐβαπτίσθημεν (βαπτίζω) | ebaptisthēmen (baptizō) | ದೀಕ್ಷಾಸ್ನಾನ | Critical/High | 1 (implied, 1:13-17), 12 (12:13) | Not in the Romans baseline TM despite Romans 6 usage — formally established here. ದೀಕ್ಷೆ names the Lingayat community’s own central guru-administered initiation sacrament (receiving the ishtalinga) and broader guru-mantra initiation traditions generally; Christian baptism must be taught as Spirit-wrought identification with Christ’s death/resurrection and incorporation into his one body, never a guru-transmitted lineage-initiation. Recommend adding to the forbidden-substitution watch list for this curriculum. |
| body of Christ / members | σῶμα Χριστοῦ / μέλη | sōma Christou / melē | ಕ್ರಿಸ್ತನ ದೇಹ / ಅಂಗಗಳು | High | 12 | See “members” entry above; the chapter’s central metaphor requires explicit contrast with the Puruṣasūkta’s caste-justifying cosmic-body myth. Flag for mandatory theologian review. |
| love | ἀγάπη | agapē | ಪ್ರೀತಿ | High | 13 (and throughout as a recurring ethical term) | Distinguish from Haridasa prema-bhakti/viraha-bhakti’s romantic, longing devotional love directed at a chosen deity; Paul’s ἀγάπη is active, self-giving, neighbor-directed, not primarily an emotional God-directed experience. |
| more excellent way | καθ’ ὑπερβολὴν ὁδόν | kath’ hyperbolēn hodon | ಅತ್ಯುತ್ತಮವಾದ ಮಾರ್ಗ | Low | 12–13 | Standard term. |
| hope | ἐλπίς | elpis | ನಿರೀಕ್ಷೆ | Medium | 13 | Confident, promise-grounded expectation; must not carry the fatalistic overtone of ಹಣೆಬರಹ (already forbidden in the baseline for providence/election). |
| childish things | νήπιος | nēpios | ಬಾಲ್ಯದ ಸಂಗತಿಗಳು | Low | 13 | Standard term. |
| order | τάξις | taxis | ಕ್ರಮ | Low | 14 | Standard term. |
| decently and in order | εὐσχημόνως καὶ κατὰ τάξιν | euschēmonōs kai kata taxin | ಸಭ್ಯರೀತಿಯಲ್ಲಿಯೂ ಕ್ರಮಬದ್ಧವಾಗಿಯೂ | Medium | 14 | The chapter’s summary principle for all worship gifts. |
| let the women keep silence | αἱ γυναῖκες σιγάτωσαν | hai gynaikes sigatōsan | ಸ್ತ್ರೀಯರು ಮೌನವಾಗಿರಲಿ | High (interpretive) | 14 | Lexically straightforward but doctrinally disputed relative to 11:5; flag for mandatory theologian review and require a translator’s note documenting the interpretive options rather than a unilateral resolution. |
| received / delivered (tradition) | παραλαμβάνω / παραδίδωμι | paralambanō / paradidōmi | ಸ್ವೀಕರಿಸಿದಿರಿ / ಒಪ್ಪಿಸಿದೆನು | Medium | 11 (11:23), 15 (15:1, 3) | Paired technical terms for formal, controlled transmission of fixed apostolic tradition; recurs at both the Lord’s Supper institution (11:23) and the resurrection creed (15:3). |
| appeared (resurrection appearance) | ὤφθη | ōphthē | ಕಾಣಿಸಿಕೊಂಡನು | Critical | 15 (15:5-8) | Must convey an objective, bodily appearing to named historical witnesses, not a subjective vision, dream, or devotional darshan-style inner experience. |
| untimely born | ἔκτρωμα | ektrōma | ಅಕಾಲಿಕವಾಗಿ ಜನಿಸಿದವನಂತೆ | Medium–High | 15 (15:8) | Vivid self-description of unearned, sovereign grace intruding unexpectedly on Paul’s apostleship; must not be flattened to a generic “unworthy.” |
| fallen asleep (euphemism for death) | κοιμάω | kekoimēntai | ನಿದ್ರೆಹೋಗಿದ್ದಾರೆ | Medium | 15 (15:6, 18, 20, 51) | Points toward future bodily resurrection, not reincarnation into a new body or dissolution of the soul; benefits from a translator’s note on first use. |
| spiritual body | σῶμα πνευματικόν | sōma pneumatikon | ಆತ್ಮಿಕ ದೇಹ | Critical | 15 (15:35-49) | The same body, transformed and glorified — not a bodiless afterlife, not reincarnation, not Aikya-style merger/dissolution. Mandatory theologian review. |
| perishable / imperishable | φθαρτόν / ἄφθαρτον | phtharton / aphtharton | ನಾಶವಾಗುವ / ಅವಿನಾಶಿ | Medium | 15 | Standard term. |
| last Adam | ἔσχατος Ἀδάμ | eschatos Adam | ಕಡೇ ಆದಾಮ | Medium | 15 (15:45) | Requires a Genesis background note given the audience’s low OT literacy. |
| sting of death | κέντρον τοῦ θανάτου | kentron tou thanatou | ಮರಣದ ಮುಳ್ಳು | Low | 15 (15:56) | Standard term. |
| victory | νῖκος | nikos | ಜಯ | Low | 15 (15:57) | Standard term. |
| collection | λογεία | logeia | ಸಂಗ್ರಹಣೆ / ಧನಸಹಾಯ ಸಂಗ್ರಹ | Low | 16 | Standard term. |
| Maranatha | Μαρὰν ἀθά | maran atha | ಮಾರಾನಾಥಾ | Medium | 16 (16:22) | Preserved as transliteration parallel to ಅಬ್ಬಾ in the Romans baseline; requires a footnote gloss (“ನಮ್ಮ ಕರ್ತನೇ, ಬಾ!“). |
| accursed / anathema | ἀνάθεμα | anathema | ಶಾಪಗ್ರಸ್ತ | Medium | 16 (16:22) | Standard solemn-curse term. |
| holy kiss | φίλημα ἅγιον | philēma hagion | ಪವಿತ್ರ ವಂದನೆ | Low–Medium | 16 (16:20) | Cultural-adaptation note rather than doctrinal risk: rendered as “holy greeting” rather than a literal kiss for cultural appropriateness; confirm with native speaker review that warmth/familial affection is preserved. |
| preach (herald) | κηρύσσω | kēryssō | ಸಾರುತ್ತೇವೆ / ಸಾರು | Medium | 1, 9, 15 (15:11) | Denotes formal, authoritative public heralding, paired with ಸುವಾರ್ತೆ; distinct from a private guru-style teaching-transmission verb. |
C. Risk-Tier Summary (1 Corinthians New Terms Only)
| Risk Tier | Count | Representative terms |
|---|---|---|
| Critical | 4 | ವಿಮೋಚನೆ (redemption), ಕಾಣಿಸಿಕೊಂಡನು (resurrection “appeared”), ಆತ್ಮಿಕ ದೇಹ (spiritual body), ದೀಕ್ಷಾಸ್ನಾನ (baptism, Critical/High) |
| High | 21 | ಜ್ಞಾನ (wisdom), ಶಿಲುಬೆ (cross), ರಹಸ್ಯ (mystery), ಪ್ರಾಕೃತ ಮನುಷ್ಯ (natural man), ದೇವಾಲಯ (temple), ಜಾರತ್ವ (sexual immorality), ಸೈತಾನನಿಗೆ ಒಪ್ಪಿಸು (deliver to Satan), ಅಂಗಗಳು/ಕ್ರಿಸ್ತನ ದೇಹ (members/body of Christ), ಕ್ರಯಕ್ಕೆ ಕೊಂಡುಕೊಳ್ಳಲ್ಪಟ್ಟಿದ್ದೀರಿ (bought with a price), ವಿಗ್ರಹಕ್ಕೆ ಅರ್ಪಿಸಿದ ಆಹಾರ (idol meat), ಮನಸ್ಸಾಕ್ಷಿ (conscience), ಸ್ವನಿಯಂತ್ರಣ (self-control), ವಿಗ್ರಹಾರಾಧನೆ (idolatry), ಕರ್ತನ ಮೇಜು (Lord’s table), ಶಿರಸ್ಸು (head/headship), ಕರ್ತನ ಭೋಜನ (Lord’s Supper), ದೇಹವನ್ನು ವಿವೇಚಿಸು (discern the body), ಜ್ಞಾನದ ವಾಕ್ಯ (word of wisdom), ಭಾಷೆಗಳು (tongues), ಆತ್ಮಗಳ ವಿವೇಚನೆ (discerning of spirits), ಪ್ರೀತಿ (love), ಸ್ತ್ರೀಯರು ಮೌನವಾಗಿರಲಿ (interpretive) |
| Medium | ~22 | ಮೂರ್ಖತನ, ಶರೀರಭಾವದ, ಹುಳಿ, ಪಸ್ಕ, ತೊಳೆಯಲ್ಪಟ್ಟಿರಿ, ಒಂದೇ ಶರೀರ, ವಿವಾಹ/ಮದುವೆ, ಅವಿವಾಹಿತ, ಕನ್ಯೆ, ವಿಗ್ರಹ, ತಿಳುವಳಿಕೆ, ಸ್ವಾತಂತ್ರ್ಯ, ಆಶೀರ್ವಾದದ ಪಾತ್ರೆ, ಮುಸುಕು ಹಾಕಿಕೊಳ್ಳುವಿಕೆ, ಜ್ಞಾಪಕಾರ್ಥ, ಅಯೋಗ್ಯ ರೀತಿಯಲ್ಲಿ, ನಿರೀಕ್ಷೆ, ಅಕಾಲಿಕವಾಗಿ ಜನಿಸಿದವನಂತೆ, ನಿದ್ರೆಹೋಗಿದ್ದಾರೆ, ಕಡೇ ಆದಾಮ, ಮಾರಾನಾಥಾ, ಶಾಪಗ್ರಸ್ತ |
| Low | ~19 | ಅಸ್ತಿವಾರ, ಮನೆವಾರ್ತೆಗಾರ, ದೃಶ್ಯ, ದಾಂಪತ್ಯ ಕರ್ತವ್ಯ, ಈಗಿನ ಸಂಕಟ, ಎಡವುವಿಕೆ, ಅವಿನಾಶಿ ಕಿರೀಟ, ಶೋಧನೆ, ಬಾಲ್ಯದ ಸಂಗತಿಗಳು, ಕ್ರಮ, ನಾಶವಾಗುವ/ಅವಿನಾಶಿ, ಮರಣದ ಮುಳ್ಳು, ಜಯ, ಸಂಗ್ರಹಣೆ, ಪವಿತ್ರ ವಂದನೆ, and others noted above |
Recommendation for Phase 2: Terms marked Critical or High above should be merged into an updated translation_memory.json (version increment) and bible_term_registry.json prior to any segment translation, with ದೀಕ್ಷಾಸ್ನಾನ (baptism) and ವಿಮೋಚನೆ (redemption) specifically added to the project’s forbidden-substitution watch list alongside the Romans baseline’s existing entries.
Critical Risk Terms
Righteousness
Approved rendering: ನೀತಿವಂತಿಕೆ
Transliteration: nītivantike
Doctrine: Salvation
Rejected alternatives: ಧರ್ಮ, ಪುಣ್ಯ
Original: δικαιοσύνη
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Never ಧರ್ಮ. Occurs in 1:30 as one of the things Christ ‘became to us’ from God, alongside wisdom, sanctification, and redemption — entirely Christ’s gift, not ethical attainment.
Justification
Approved rendering: ನೀತಿವಂತರೆಂದು ನಿರ್ಣಯಿಸುವುದು
Transliteration: nītivantarendu nirṇayisuvudu
Doctrine: Salvation
Rejected alternatives: ಕ್ಷಮೆ ಪಡೆಯುವುದು, ಪುಣ್ಯ ಗಳಿಸುವುದು
Original: δικαιόω / δικαίωσις
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Never abbreviate. Occurs in 6:11’s conversion triad (‘washed… sanctified… justified’) — reuse the full compound phrase exactly.
Salvation
Approved rendering: ರಕ್ಷಣೆ
Transliteration: rakṣaṇe
Doctrine: Salvation
Rejected alternatives: ಮೋಕ್ಷ, ಮುಕ್ತಿ, ಐಕ್ಯ
Original: σωτηρία / σῴζω
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. NEVER ಮೋಕ್ಷ, ಮುಕ್ತಿ, ಐಕ್ಯ. 15:2’s present-tense force (‘you are being saved’) should be rendered ಹೊಂದುತ್ತಿದ್ದೀರಿ (an ongoing verb form), not a completed-action verb, preserving the perseverance nuance while excluding all forbidden substitutions absolutely.
Resurrection
Approved rendering: ಪುನರುತ್ಥಾನ
Transliteration: punarutthāna
Doctrine: Resurrection of Christ / Resurrection of Believers
Rejected alternatives: ಪುನರ್ಜನ್ಮ
Original: ἀνάστασις
Category: Eschatology
Inherited from Romans package. NEVER ಪುನರ್ಜನ್ಮ. This is the theological center of the whole curriculum (ch.15); the perfect-tense force of ‘has been raised and remains risen’ (15:4) must be conveyed, not a simple past.
Lord
Approved rendering: ಕರ್ತ
Transliteration: karta
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: ಸ್ವಾಮಿ
Original: κύριος
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package. Never ಸ್ವಾಮಿ. The 12:3 confession ‘Jesus is Lord’ must reuse the exact Romans 10:9 rendering ಯೇಸು ಕರ್ತನಾಗಿದ್ದಾನೆ verbatim; also central to the exclusivity of ‘the Lord’s table’ vs ‘the table of demons’ (10:21).
Holy Spirit
Approved rendering: ಪವಿತ್ರಾತ್ಮ
Transliteration: Pavitrātma
Doctrine: Sanctification
Rejected alternatives: ಪರಮಾತ್ಮ
Original: πνεῦμα ἅγιον
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. Never ಪರಮಾತ್ಮ. Source of all spiritual gifts (ch.12), of resurrection life (15:45), and of the individual believer’s body as a temple (6:19).
Jesus
Approved rendering: ಯೇಸು
Transliteration: Yēsu
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: ಈಸಾ
Inherited from Romans package. Standard Kannada Christian form throughout 1 Corinthians.
God
Approved rendering: ದೇವರು
Transliteration: Dēvaru
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Rejected alternatives: ಭಗವಂತ, ಪರಶಿವ
Inherited from Romans package. Standard term; avoid ಭಗವಂತ in doctrinally precise contexts and watch for a Lingayat-background reader’s mental substitution of ಪರಶಿವ, per the baseline’s own caution.
Father
Approved rendering: ತಂದೆ
Transliteration: Tande
Doctrine: Adoption into God’s Family
Rejected alternatives: ಸೃಷ್ಟಿಕರ್ತ
Inherited from Romans package. Used of ‘one God the Father’ in 8:6.
Messiah
Approved rendering: ಮೆಸ್ಸೀಯ
Transliteration: Messīya
Doctrine: Messianic Promise
Rejected alternatives: ಅವತಾರಪುರುಷ
Inherited from Romans package. Reserve for contexts foregrounding the specific OT-promised-deliverer title; for the routine name-like use of Χριστός throughout 1 Corinthians (Christ Jesus, Jesus Christ), see the new ‘christ’ entry below.
Son Of God
Approved rendering: ದೇವರ ಮಗ
Transliteration: Dēvara Maga
Doctrine: Sonship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: ದೇವಮಾನವ
Inherited from Romans package. Underlies 1:9’s ‘fellowship of his Son,’ though 1 Corinthians does not develop Sonship doctrine as extensively as Romans; reuse the full phrase, never abbreviated.
Christ
Approved rendering: ಕ್ರಿಸ್ತ
Transliteration: Krista
Doctrine: Messianic Promise / Deity of Christ
Rejected alternatives: ಈಸಾ
New in this curriculum’s translation memory. Not a standalone Romans TM entry (Romans records only ‘messiah’), though already fixed as ಕ್ರಿಸ್ತ in the baseline’s own transliteration standards list. Used in 1 Corinthians overwhelmingly as a name-like title for Jesus (‘Christ Jesus,’ ‘Jesus Christ,’ ‘the church of Christ’); keep distinct from ಮೆಸ್ಸೀಯ, reserved for contexts foregrounding the specific OT-promised-deliverer title.
Redemption
Approved rendering: ವಿಮೋಚನೆ
Transliteration: vimōcane
Doctrine: Redemption in Christ
Rejected alternatives: any drift toward ಮೋಕ್ಷ/ಮುಕ್ತಿ
Original: ἀπολύτρωσις
Category: Salvation
1:30. Added to this curriculum’s forbidden-substitution watch list: ವಿಮೋಚನೆ must never be assimilated to ‘release’ from the rebirth cycle; this is a purchased deliverance received by a person remaining in personal relationship with God.
Baptism
Approved rendering: ದೀಕ್ಷಾಸ್ನಾನ
Transliteration: dīkṣāsnāna
Doctrine: Baptism and Incorporation into the Body of Christ
Rejected alternatives: ದೀಕ್ಷೆ (bare, without ಸ್ನಾನ), bare transliteration ‘ಬ್ಯಾಪ್ಟಿಸಮ್’
Original: βαπτίζω / βάπτισμα
Category: Salvation
1:13-17 (implied); 12:13 (‘by one Spirit we were all baptized into one body’). Not captured in the Romans baseline TM despite Romans 6 usage; formally established here as Critical and added to this curriculum’s forbidden-substitution watch list. ದೀಕ್ಷೆ alone names the Lingayat community’s central guru-administered ishtalinga-initiation sacrament and broader guru-mantra initiation traditions; always pair with ‘into Christ’ (ಕ್ರಿಸ್ತನೊಳಗೆ). Mandatory theologian review at every occurrence.
Appeared
Approved rendering: ಕಾಣಿಸಿಕೊಂಡನು
Transliteration: kāṇisikoṇḍanu
Doctrine: The Resurrection of Christ
Rejected alternatives: ದರ್ಶನ ನೀಡಿದನು (gave darshan)
Original: ὤφθη
Category: Eschatology
15:5-8. Must convey an objective, bodily appearing to named historical witnesses, never a subjective vision, dream, or devotional darshan-style inner experience.
Spiritual Body
Approved rendering: ಆತ್ಮಿಕ ದೇಹ
Transliteration: ātmika dēha
Doctrine: The Resurrection of Believers
Rejected alternatives: bodiless soul-only afterlife, ಪುನರ್ಜನ್ಮ (reincarnated different body), Aikya-style dissolution/merger
Original: σῶμα πνευματικόν
Category: Eschatology
15:35-49. The same body, transformed and glorified — continuity of personal identity — never a bodiless afterlife, a newly reincarnated body, or dissolution into an impersonal spiritual reality. Mandatory theologian review; one of the theologically densest passages in the curriculum.
High Risk Terms
Gospel
Approved rendering: ಸುವಾರ್ತೆ
Transliteration: suvārte
Doctrine: The Gospel of First Importance
Rejected alternatives: ಸುದ್ದಿ
Original: εὐαγγέλιον
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. In 1 Corinthians this is the fixed, formally ‘received’ and ‘delivered’ apostolic proclamation defined propositionally in 15:3-5 (the core passage); reuse the exact Romans rendering throughout, including 1:17-18, 9:12-23, 15:1-11.
Grace
Approved rendering: ಕೃಪೆ
Transliteration: kṛpe
Doctrine: Grace and Apostolic Identity
Rejected alternatives: ಕರ್ಮಫಲ, ಪುಣ್ಯ
Original: χάρις
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. 15:10’s threefold repetition (‘by the grace of God I am what I am… his grace toward me was not in vain… yet not I, but the grace of God’) is this letter’s clearest grace-vs-merit statement; render ಕೃಪೆ identically all three times, never varied stylistically.
Faith
Approved rendering: ನಂಬಿಕೆ
Transliteration: nambike
Doctrine: Faith
Rejected alternatives: ಭಕ್ತಿ
Original: πίστις
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans package. Distinguish from bhakti devotional surrender; 15:2, 14, 17 make faith’s exclusive object (Christ’s historical resurrection) doctrinally load-bearing.
Called
Approved rendering: ಕರೆಯಲ್ಪಟ್ಟ
Transliteration: kareyalpaṭṭa
Doctrine: Divine Calling
Rejected alternatives: ಆಮಂತ್ರಿತ
Original: κλητός
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Context-sensitive: apostleship (1:1), corporate sainthood (1:2), and one’s marital/social condition at conversion (7:20) are three distinct senses within this letter alone.
Calling
Approved rendering: ಕರೆ
Transliteration: kare
Doctrine: Divine Calling
Rejected alternatives: ಆಹ್ವಾನ
Original: κλῆσις
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. 7:20 (‘remain in the condition in which you were called’) applies this noun to one’s state-in-life at conversion, a sense not present in Romans.
Holy
Approved rendering: ಪವಿತ್ರ
Transliteration: pavitra
Doctrine: Sanctification
Rejected alternatives: ಶುದ್ಧ
Original: ἅγιος
Category: Sanctification
Inherited from Romans package. Applied to believers’ calling (1:2) and to marriage relationships (7:14); moral/relational, not ritual purity.
Saints
Approved rendering: ಪವಿತ್ರ ಜನರು
Transliteration: pavitra janaru
Doctrine: Sainthood
Rejected alternatives: ಶರಣರು, ಸಂತರು
Original: ἅγιοι
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package. Never ಶರಣರು. Invoked in 1:2 and again in 6:2 (‘the saints will judge the world’) — a corporate designation, not an ascetic elite.
Sanctification
Approved rendering: ಪವಿತ್ರೀಕರಣ
Transliteration: pavitrīkaraṇa
Doctrine: Sanctification
Rejected alternatives: ಶುದ್ಧೀಕರಣ
Original: ἁγιασμός / ἁγιάζω
Category: Sanctification
Inherited from Romans package. Named in 1:30 and 6:11 as part of what Christ has accomplished for believers, distinct from the Lingayat shatsthala path’s self-directed ascent.
Glory
Approved rendering: ಮಹಿಮೆ
Transliteration: mahime
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Rejected alternatives: ತೇಜಸ್ಸು
Original: δόξα
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. Applied relationally in 11:7 (‘woman is the glory of man’) and to the resurrection body’s splendor in 15:40-43; avoid light-only devotional-illumination overtones.
Power Of God
Approved rendering: ದೇವರ ಸಾಮರ್ಥ್ಯ
Transliteration: Dēvara Sāmarthya
Doctrine: Power of God for Salvation
Rejected alternatives: ಶಕ್ತಿ
Original: δύναμις θεοῦ
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. Never ಶಕ್ತಿ. Identified with the cross itself in 1:18, 24 and with the resurrection in 6:14; extend the prohibition to the ‘gifts of miracles’ language in 12:10.
Sin
Approved rendering: ಪಾಪ
Transliteration: pāpa
Doctrine: Universal Human Accountability
Rejected alternatives: ಅಧರ್ಮ
Original: ἁμαρτία
Category: Sin
Inherited from Romans package. Named as the reason for Christ’s death ‘for our sins’ (15:3) and as death’s power-source (15:56); personal transgression before a personal God, not an impersonal karmic ledger.
Election
Approved rendering: ದೇವರ ಆಯ್ಕೆ
Transliteration: Dēvara Āyke
Doctrine: Election and the Abolition of Status-Boasting
Rejected alternatives: ಹಣೆಬರಹ, ವಿಧಿ
Original: ἐκλέγομαι
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. 1:27-28’s inversion of worldly status carries sharp caste-hierarchy resonance in Karnataka; the point is total abolition of status-based boasting (1:29), not merely a reversal that still ranks persons.
Covenant
Approved rendering: ಒಡಂಬಡಿಕೆ
Transliteration: oḍambaḍike
Doctrine: The Lord’s Supper
Rejected alternatives: ಒಪ್ಪಂದ
Original: διαθήκη
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package. Reused exactly for the compound ಹೊಸ ಒಡಂಬಡಿಕೆ (‘new covenant’) in 11:25’s Lord’s Supper institution narrative.
Law
Approved rendering: ನಿಯಮಶಾಸ್ತ್ರ
Transliteration: niyamaśāstra
Doctrine: Fulfillment of Prophecy
Rejected alternatives: ಧರ್ಮ
Inherited from Romans package. Never ಧರ್ಮ. Occurs at 9:20 (‘to those under the law, as under the law’) and 14:34, 15:56.
Wisdom
Approved rendering: ಜ್ಞಾನ
Transliteration: jñāna
Doctrine: The Cross as Wisdom and Power / Divine Wisdom versus Worldly Wisdom
Rejected alternatives: leaving the term unqualified/unanchored
Original: σοφία
Category: Wisdom
Central term of chs.1-3, 12. Carries strong Advaita Vedanta jñāna-mārga (path-of-knowledge, self-realization/merger with Brahman) associations, one of the four classical yoga paths widely known in Karnataka. Every occurrence must be contextually anchored to ‘God’s wisdom revealed in the cross’ (1:24, 30), never left to read as self-attained gnosis.
Cross
Approved rendering: ಶಿಲುಬೆ
Transliteration: śilube
Doctrine: The Cross as Wisdom and Power
Rejected alternatives: generic ascetic-suffering/tapasya vocabulary
Original: σταυρός
Category: Christology
Established Kannada Christian term for Christ’s crucifixion (1:17-18, 23; 2:2); must not be softened toward meritorious ascetic self-denial (tapasya) — the cross is God’s unilateral saving act, not the believer’s ascetic achievement.
Mystery
Approved rendering: ರಹಸ್ಯ
Transliteration: rahasya
Doctrine: Divine Wisdom versus Worldly Wisdom
Original: μυστήριον
Category: Wisdom
2:1,7; 4:1; 15:51. Risks conflation with tantra/guru-disciple esoteric transmission reserved for initiates; must be framed as truth now openly disclosed to all believers through the Spirit, the opposite structure of an elite secret teaching.
Natural Person
Approved rendering: ಪ್ರಾಕೃತ ಮನುಷ್ಯ
Transliteration: prākṛta manuṣya
Doctrine: Divine Wisdom versus Worldly Wisdom
Original: ψυχικὸς ἄνθρωπος
Category: Wisdom
2:14: one who cannot receive the things of God’s Spirit. ಪ್ರಾಕೃತ shares its root with prakṛti, Samkhya’s ‘matter/nature’ category; must read as ‘a person without the Spirit of God,’ not a technical Samkhya category.
Temple
Approved rendering: ದೇವಾಲಯ
Transliteration: dēvālaya
Doctrine: The Body as Temple and Sexual Purity
Rejected alternatives: ಗುಡಿ (identical Hindu-temple-building risk)
Original: ναός (θεοῦ)
Category: Church
3:16-17 (corporate church), 6:19 (individual believer’s body). No viable substitute exists since Paul’s own metaphor requires the word ‘temple’; ದೇವಾಲಯ is identical to the ordinary Kannada word for a Hindu temple building. Mandatory translator’s note and theologian review at every occurrence.
Sexual Immorality
Approved rendering: ಜಾರತ್ವ
Transliteration: jāratva
Doctrine: Church Discipline and Holiness
Rejected alternatives: euphemistic softening
Original: πορνεία
Category: Ethics
The broad umbrella category of sexual sin outside marriage (5:1; 6:9,13,18; 7:2; 10:8); requires consistent, non-euphemistic rendering across every occurrence.
Deliver To Satan
Approved rendering: ಸೈತಾನನಿಗೆ ಒಪ್ಪಿಸು
Transliteration: Saitananige oppisu
Doctrine: Church Discipline and Holiness
Original: παραδοῦναι τῷ Σατανᾷ
Category: Discipline
5:5: a severe but restorative act of church discipline aimed at the offender’s ultimate salvation (‘that his spirit may be saved’); must not read as a magical curse untethered from that stated restorative goal.
Members
Approved rendering: ಅಂಗಗಳು
Transliteration: aṅgagaḷu
Doctrine: Spiritual Gifts and the Body of Christ
Original: μέλη
Category: Church
6:15 (‘members of Christ’), developed fully in ch.12. Risk of collision with the Puruṣasūkta cosmic-body/varṇa myth (Rig Veda 10.90); Paul’s argument (weaker/less-honorable members receive greater honor, 12:22-25) is the explicit opposite and must be taught as such.
Bought With A Price
Approved rendering: ಕ್ರಯಕ್ಕೆ ಕೊಂಡುಕೊಳ್ಳಲ್ಪಟ್ಟಿದ್ದೀರಿ
Transliteration: krayakke koṇḍukoḷḷalpaṭṭiddīri
Doctrine: The Body as Temple and Sexual Purity
Rejected alternatives: bare commercial-transaction phrasing, dāsya-bhāva devotee-initiated self-surrender framing
Original: ἠγοράσθητε τιμῆς
Category: Salvation
6:20: grounds bodily purity in belonging to God, who is the initiating purchaser; the believer is the one purchased, not a devotee offering himself.
Idol Meat
Approved rendering: ವಿಗ್ರಹಕ್ಕೆ ಅರ್ಪಿಸಿದ ಆಹಾರ
Transliteration: vigrahakke arpisida āhāra
Doctrine: Christian Liberty and Idol Meat
Rejected alternatives: ಪ್ರಸಾದ
Original: εἰδωλόθυτον
Category: Idolatry
Chapters 8, 10. NEVER ಪ್ರಸಾದ, the ordinary positively-loaded Kannada/Hindu term for deity-blessed sanctifying food distributed after temple offering; using it would import exactly the sanctifying connotation Paul is qualifying, since for Paul the meat itself is spiritually neutral (‘an idol is nothing,’ 8:4) while participation can still wound conscience or compromise witness.
Conscience
Approved rendering: ಮನಸ್ಸಾಕ್ಷಿ
Transliteration: manas-sākṣi
Doctrine: Christian Liberty and Idol Meat
Original: συνείδησις
Category: Ethics
Chapters 8, 10. Must be a personal, morally responsive faculty capable of being wounded/defiled, not the impersonal Advaita Vedanta witness-consciousness (sākṣin).
Self Control
Approved rendering: ಸ್ವನಿಯಂತ್ರಣ
Transliteration: svaniyantraṇa
Doctrine: Apostolic Stewardship
Original: ἐγκράτεια
Category: Ethics
9:25: ‘every athlete exercises self-control.’ Must be Spirit-enabled discipline for gospel ministry and future reward, not self-attained ascetic technique (indriya-nigraha) earning merit or liberation.
Idolatry
Approved rendering: ವಿಗ್ರಹಾರಾಧನೆ
Transliteration: vigrahārādhane
Doctrine: Idolatry
Original: εἰδωλολατρία
Category: Idolatry
10:7,14: ‘flee from idolatry.’ The single most direct cultural-collision doctrine in the letter given the prevalence of temple worship practices in the Kannada-speaking context; must be taught with full seriousness, never softened as merely historical.
Lords Table
Approved rendering: ಕರ್ತನ ಮೇಜು / ದೆವ್ವಗಳ ಮೇಜು
Transliteration: Kartana mēju / devvagaḷa mēju
Doctrine: Idolatry / The Lord’s Supper
Original: τράπεζα κυρίου / δαιμονίων
Category: Worship
10:21: exclusive, either/or participation; reuse ಕರ್ತ exactly; preserve the stark exclusivity without softening.
Koinonia Lords Supper
Approved rendering: ಕ್ರಿಸ್ತನ ರಕ್ತ ಮತ್ತು ದೇಹದಲ್ಲಿ ಅನ್ಯೋನ್ಯತೆ
Transliteration: Kristana rakta mattu dēhadalli anyōnyate
Doctrine: The Lord’s Supper
Rejected alternatives: flattening to ordinary social ಅನ್ಯೋನ್ಯತೆ
10:16: ‘the cup… is it not a participation (κοινωνία) in the blood of Christ?’ This occurrence carries deeper theological weight than the general ‘fellowship’ sense (1:9) and must be qualified explicitly as sacramental participation in Christ’s body and blood; flag for theologian review at this specific verse.
Head
Approved rendering: ಶಿರಸ್ಸು / ತಲೆ
Transliteration: śirassu / tale
Doctrine: Head Covering and Gender Order in Worship
Original: κεφαλή
Category: Worship
11:3. Sensitive across Karnataka’s varied kinship structures, including coastal Karnataka’s matrilineal Aliyasantana/Bunt traditions; must preserve Paul’s specific ordered-relationship point without importing generic patriarchal caste-household hierarchy.
Lords Supper
Approved rendering: ಕರ್ತನ ಭೋಜನ
Transliteration: Kartana bhōjana
Doctrine: The Lord’s Supper
Original: κυριακὸν δεῖπνον
Category: Worship
11:20 (the only NT occurrence of this exact phrase), instituted in 11:23-26. Reuse ಕರ್ತ exactly; distinguish both from an ordinary potluck and from any naivedya/prasāda-like pattern of food offered to a deity then consumed as blessing.
New Covenant
Approved rendering: ಹೊಸ ಒಡಂಬಡಿಕೆ
Transliteration: hosa oḍambaḍike
Doctrine: The Lord’s Supper
Original: καινὴ διαθήκη
Category: Covenant
11:25. Reuse ಒಡಂಬಡಿಕೆ exactly as the base term.
Discern The Body
Approved rendering: ದೇಹವನ್ನು ವಿವೇಚಿಸು/ಗುರುತಿಸು
Transliteration: dēhavannu vivēcisu/gurutisu
Doctrine: The Lord’s Supper
Rejected alternatives: premature interpretive resolution
Original: διακρίνων τὸ σῶμα
Category: Worship
11:29: interpretively ambiguous (Christ’s crucified body and/or the church as his body); requires a translator’s note documenting both readings rather than a unilateral choice.
Traditions
Approved rendering: ಅಪೊಸ್ತಲರಿಂದ ಒಪ್ಪಿಸಲ್ಪಟ್ಟ ಬೋಧನೆಗಳು
Transliteration: apostalarinda oppisalpaṭṭa bōdhanegaḷu
Doctrine: The Lord’s Supper / Christian Unity versus Factionalism
Rejected alternatives: ಸಂಪ್ರದಾಯ
11:2: ‘maintaining the traditions.’ NEVER ಸಂಪ್ರದಾಯ, the standard word for a Hindu guru-lineage tradition (sampradāya); use this descriptive phrase, reusing the ಸ್ವೀಕರಿಸಿದಿರಿ/ಒಪ್ಪಿಸಿದೆನು transmission-of-tradition pairing from 11:23 and 15:1,3.
Word Of Wisdom
Approved rendering: ಜ್ಞಾನದ ವಾಕ್ಯ
Transliteration: jñānada vākya
Doctrine: Spiritual Gifts and the Body of Christ
Original: λόγος σοφίας
Category: Spiritual Gifts
12:8. Inherits ಜ್ಞಾನ’s Advaita-adjacent risk; keep distinct from ತಿಳುವಳಿಕೆಯ ವಾಕ್ಯ (word of knowledge).
Gifts Of Healing
Approved rendering: ಸ್ವಸ್ಥತೆಯ ವರಗಳು / ಸಾಮರ್ಥ್ಯದ ಕಾರ್ಯಗಳು
Transliteration: svasthateya varagaḷu / sāmarthyada kāryagaḷu
Doctrine: Spiritual Gifts and the Body of Christ
Rejected alternatives: ಶಕ್ತಿ, ಸಿದ್ಧಿ
Original: χαρίσματα ἰαμάτων / ἐνεργήματα δυνάμεων
Category: Spiritual Gifts
12:9-10. Reuse the ಸಾಮರ್ಥ್ಯ root from ‘power of God’; never ಶಕ್ತಿ or ಸಿದ್ಧಿ (yogic attained power).
Tongues
Approved rendering: ಭಾಷೆಗಳು / ಪರಭಾಷೆಗಳು
Transliteration: bhāṣegaḷu / parabhāṣegaḷu
Doctrine: Tongues and Prophecy Rightly Ordered
Original: γλῶσσαι
Category: Spiritual Gifts
12:10,28,30; ch.14. Must be distinguished from ecstatic trance-speech associated with spirit-possession phenomena in Karnataka folk religious practice (‘ದೇವರು ಮೈಮೇಲೆ ಬರುವುದು’); ch.14’s self-controlled, orderly framing is the controlling context, foregrounded at first occurrence, not only at 14:40.
Discerning Of Spirits
Approved rendering: ಆತ್ಮಗಳ ವಿವೇಚನೆ
Transliteration: Ātmagaḷa vivēcane
Doctrine: Spiritual Gifts and the Body of Christ
Original: διακρίσεις πνευμάτων
Category: Spiritual Gifts
12:10. ವಿವೇಚನೆ/ವಿವೇಕ’s Vedantic-discrimination overtone (viveka) must be reframed as a specific charism for testing a manifestation’s spiritual source, not philosophical Self/non-Self discrimination.
Love
Approved rendering: ಪ್ರೀತಿ
Transliteration: prīti
Doctrine: Love as the Greater Way
Original: ἀγάπη
Category: Love
Chapter 13, and throughout as a recurring ethical term. Must be distinguished from the passionate, longing devotional love (prema-bhakti/viraha-bhakti) directed at Krishna in coastal Karnataka’s Haridasa tradition; Paul’s ἀγάπη is active, patient, self-giving toward other people, not primarily an emotional experience directed at a chosen deity.
Women Keep Silence
Approved rendering: ಸ್ತ್ರೀಯರು ಮೌನವಾಗಿರಲಿ
Transliteration: strīyaru maunavāgirali
Doctrine: Women’s Speech in Worship Gatherings
Original: αἱ γυναῖκες σιγάτωσαν
Category: Worship
14:34-35. Lexically straightforward but doctrinally disputed relative to 11:5’s assumption that women pray and prophesy in the assembly; requires a translator’s note documenting interpretive options and mandatory theologian review, never a unilateral resolution.
Body Of Christ
Approved rendering: ಕ್ರಿಸ್ತನ ದೇಹ
Transliteration: Kristana dēha
Doctrine: Spiritual Gifts and the Body of Christ
Original: σῶμα Χριστοῦ
Category: Church
12:12-27: the chapter’s central metaphor. Requires explicit contrast with the Puruṣasūkta’s caste-justifying cosmic-body myth; must never be read as endorsing caste-like ranking of persons.
Reward
Approved rendering: ಪ್ರತಿಫಲ
Transliteration: pratiphala
Doctrine: Apostolic Stewardship
Rejected alternatives: bare, unanchored ಪ್ರತಿಫಲ implying automatic cosmic accounting
3:8,14; 9:17-18. Risk of a karma-phala (automatic fruit-of-action) reading; always anchor with a personal grantor — ದೇವರಿಂದ ಪ್ರತಿಫಲ (‘reward from God’) — never a bare noun.
Fire Will Test
Approved rendering: ಅಗ್ನಿಯಿಂದ ಪರೀಕ್ಷಿಸಲ್ಪಡುವುದು
Transliteration: agniyinda parīkṣisalpaḍuvudu
Doctrine: Apostolic Stewardship
Rejected alternatives: ಅಗ್ನಿಪರೀಕ್ಷೆ (fixed idiomatic compound)
3:13. Avoid the fixed idiomatic compound ಅಗ್ನಿಪರೀಕ್ಷೆ, which specifically evokes the Ramayana’s Sita agni-parīkṣā (trial by fire to prove chastity); use the descriptive verbal phrase instead.
Edify Build Up
Approved rendering: ಕಟ್ಟಿ ಬೆಳೆಸುವುದು
Transliteration: kaṭṭi beḷesuvudu
Doctrine: Order in Worship
Rejected alternatives: ಭಕ್ತಿವೃದ್ಧಿ (ಭಕ್ತಿ-rooted compound)
8:1; 10:23; 14:3-26. Avoid any ಭಕ್ತಿ-rooted compound, since ಭಕ್ತಿ’s devotional-surrender associations are already flagged High-risk for ‘faith’ in the Romans baseline; use this plain compound instead.
Vice List Disputed Terms
Approved rendering: ಪಟ್ಟಿ ಮಾಡಲಾದ ದುರ್ನಡತೆಗಳನ್ನು ಪ್ರತ್ಯೇಕವಾಗಿ ಸರಳ ಕನ್ನಡ ಪದಗಳಲ್ಲಿ ಭಾಷಾಂತರಿಸಬೇಕು (ಇನ್ನೂ ಅಂತಿಮಗೊಳಿಸಿಲ್ಲ)
Transliteration: paṭṭi māḍalāda durnaḍategaḷannu pratyēkavāgi saraḷa Kannaḍa padagaḷalli bhāṣāntarisabēku
Doctrine: Church Discipline and Holiness
Rejected alternatives: unilateral transliteration or interpretive resolution without theologian input, a single compressed compound term covering the whole vice list
6:9-10 vice list. Two Greek terms (μαλακοί, ἀρσενοκοῖται) carry genuine scholarly translation uncertainty and acute contemporary legal/pastoral sensitivity in the Indian context. Render each named vice individually in plain, non-technical Kannada (ವ್ಯಭಿಚಾರ, ಕಳ್ಳತನ, ಕುಡಿತ, etc.); the two contested terms specifically must not be resolved unilaterally at the glossary stage — document the range of scholarly options and route to mandatory theologian review, following the same protocol as 14:34-35.
Medium Risk Terms
Apostle
Approved rendering: ಅಪೊಸ್ತಲ
Transliteration: apostala
Doctrine: Apostleship
Rejected alternatives: ಗುರು, ಜಂಗಮ
Original: ἀπόστολος
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package. In 15:9 Paul calls himself ‘the least of the apostles’; in 9:1-2 he defends his apostleship by having seen the risen Lord — never ಗುರು/ಜಂಗಮ, both self-attained teaching statuses.
Church
Approved rendering: ಸಭೆ
Transliteration: sabhe
Doctrine: Church as God’s People
Rejected alternatives: ದೇವಸ್ಥಾನ, ಗುಡಿ
Original: ἐκκλησία
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package. Never ದೇವಸ್ಥಾನ/ಗುಡಿ. Contrast with the harder ‘temple’ (ದೇವಾಲಯ) risk introduced at 3:16-17 and 6:19, where the same physical-shrine collision cannot simply be avoided by word substitution.
Spiritual Gifts
Approved rendering: ಆತ್ಮಿಕ ವರಗಳು
Transliteration: ātmika varagaḷu
Doctrine: Spiritual Gifts and the Body of Christ
Rejected alternatives: ವರ, ಸಿದ್ಧಿ
Original: πνευματικά / χαρίσματα
Category: Spiritual Gifts
Inherited from Romans package. Never ವರ or ಸಿದ್ಧಿ alone. The general topic of chs.12, 14; each believer’s marital/celibate state is itself called ‘his own gift from God’ in 7:7.
Kingdom Of God
Approved rendering: ದೇವರ ರಾಜ್ಯ
Transliteration: Dēvara Rājya
Doctrine: Kingdom Mission
Inherited from Romans package. Occurs at 4:20, 6:9-10, 15:24, 15:50 — God’s sovereign reign, not a territorial or political kingdom, and (6:9-10) not inherited by the unrighteous.
Gentiles
Approved rendering: ಅನ್ಯಜನಾಂಗದವರು
Transliteration: anyajanāṅgadavaru
Doctrine: Unity of Jews and Gentiles
Rejected alternatives: ವಿದೇಶಿಯರು
Inherited from Romans package. 1:23 (‘to Gentiles folly’), 12:2 (‘when you were pagans’), 10:32.
Peace
Approved rendering: ಶಾಂತಿ
Transliteration: śānti
Doctrine: Peace with God
Rejected alternatives: ಮನಶ್ಶಾಂತಿ
Inherited from Romans package. Occurs in the letter opening (1:3), in marital counsel (7:15), and as the summary principle of 14:33 (‘God is not a God of confusion but of peace’) — pairs directly with the new ಗೊಂದಲ (‘confusion’) term below.
Foolishness
Approved rendering: ಮೂರ್ಖತನ
Transliteration: mūrkhatana
Doctrine: The Cross as Wisdom and Power
Original: μωρία
Category: Wisdom
1:18-25’s deliberate paradox: the cross appears foolish to worldly wisdom yet is God’s power and wisdom.
Carnal
Approved rendering: ಶರೀರಭಾವದ
Transliteration: śarīrabhāvada
Doctrine: Church Discipline and Holiness
Original: σαρκικός
Category: Sanctification
3:1,3: sin-dominated spiritual immaturity; must not be read through a body-negating dualism, since the body is honored elsewhere (chs.6,15).
Leaven
Approved rendering: ಹುಳಿ
Transliteration: huḷi
Doctrine: Church Discipline and Holiness
Original: ζύμη
Category: Sanctification
5:6-8: OT Passover symbol of sin’s corrupting, spreading influence; requires a brief translator’s note on the Passover/unleavened-bread background given low OT-narrative literacy.
Passover
Approved rendering: ಪಸ್ಕ
Transliteration: paska
Doctrine: Church Discipline and Holiness
Original: πάσχα
Category: Covenant
5:7: ‘Christ, our Passover lamb, has been sacrificed’; established Kannada Christian/OT loanword requiring background note.
Washed
Approved rendering: ತೊಳೆಯಲ್ಪಟ್ಟಿರಿ
Transliteration: toḷeyalpaṭṭiri
Doctrine: Church Discipline and Holiness
Original: ἀπελούσασθε
Category: Salvation
6:11’s conversion triad (‘washed… sanctified… justified’); pairs with baptism vocabulary; should not be reduced to ordinary bathing.
One Flesh
Approved rendering: ಒಂದೇ ಶರೀರ
Transliteration: ondē śarīra
Doctrine: The Body as Temple and Sexual Purity
Original: μία σάρξ
Category: Marriage
6:16: sexual/marital union metaphor.
Marriage
Approved rendering: ವಿವಾಹ / ಮದುವೆ
Transliteration: vivāha / maduve
Doctrine: Marriage and Singleness
Original: γάμος / γαμέω
Category: Marriage
Chapter 7 throughout. Must not be read through the Hindu āśrama-system framework in which marriage (gṛhastha) is a lower stage eventually transcended by renunciation (sannyāsa).
Singleness
Approved rendering: ಅವಿವಾಹಿತ
Transliteration: avivāhita
Doctrine: Marriage and Singleness
Original: ἄγαμος
Category: Marriage
7:8, 32-35: commended for undivided devotion to gospel service, not ascetic merit-accumulation; pair consistently with ಆತ್ಮಿಕ ವರಗಳು (‘gift from God,’ 7:7) so it reads as a Spirit-apportioned calling equal in status to marriage.
Virgin
Approved rendering: ಕನ್ಯೆ
Transliteration: kanye
Doctrine: Marriage and Singleness
Original: παρθένος
Category: Marriage
7:25-38.
Divorce
Approved rendering: ಅಗಲುವುದು / ವಿಚ್ಛೇದನ
Transliteration: agaluvudu / vicchēdana
Doctrine: Marriage and Singleness
Original: χωρίζω / ἀφίημι
Category: Marriage
7:10-15.
Idol
Approved rendering: ವಿಗ್ರಹ
Transliteration: vigraha
Doctrine: Idolatry
Original: εἴδωλον
Category: Idolatry
8:4: ‘an idol has no real existence,’ yet 10:19-20 teaches real spiritual danger lies behind idol worship; must carry both sides of this teaching without flattening to either extreme.
Knowledge
Approved rendering: ತಿಳುವಳಿಕೆ
Transliteration: tiḷuvaḷike
Doctrine: Christian Liberty and Idol Meat
Original: γνῶσις
Category: Wisdom
8:1: ‘knowledge puffs up, but love builds up.’ Deliberately kept distinct from ಜ್ಞಾನ (wisdom, σοφία).
Liberty
Approved rendering: ಸ್ವಾತಂತ್ರ್ಯ / ಅಧಿಕಾರ
Transliteration: svātantrya / adhikāra
Doctrine: Christian Liberty and Idol Meat
Original: ἐξουσία
Category: Ethics
8:9; ch.9. Christian liberty exercised for others’ good, not license.
Stumbling Block
Approved rendering: ಎಡವುವಿಕೆ / ಅಡ್ಡಿ
Transliteration: eḍavuvike / aḍḍi
Doctrine: Christian Liberty and Idol Meat
Original: πρόσκομμα
Category: Ethics
8:9,13.
Imperishable Crown
Approved rendering: ಅವಿನಾಶಿ ಕಿರೀಟ
Transliteration: avināśi kirīṭa
Doctrine: Apostolic Stewardship
Original: ἄφθαρτος στέφανος
Category: Eschatology
9:25: eternal reward contrasted with a perishable athletic wreath.
Disqualified
Approved rendering: ಅಯೋಗ್ಯನೆಂದು ತಿರಸ್ಕರಿಸಲ್ಪಡುವುದು
Transliteration: ayogyanendu tiraskarisalpaḍuvudu
Doctrine: Apostolic Stewardship
Original: ἀδόκιμος
Category: Ethics
9:27.
Cup Of Blessing
Approved rendering: ಆಶೀರ್ವಾದದ ಪಾತ್ರೆ
Transliteration: āśīrvādada pātre
Doctrine: The Lord’s Supper
Original: ποτήριον τῆς εὐλογίας
Category: Worship
10:16.
Covering
Approved rendering: ಮುಸುಕು ಹಾಕಿಕೊಳ್ಳುವಿಕೆ
Transliteration: musuku hākikoḷḷuvike
Doctrine: Head Covering and Gender Order in Worship
Original: κατακαλύπτω / ἀκατακάλυπτος
Category: Worship
11:4-16. Risk of collapsing Paul’s stated theological rationale into a merely cultural-fashion requirement or dismissing it as irrelevant.
Remembrance
Approved rendering: ಜ್ಞಾಪಕಾರ್ಥ
Transliteration: jñāpakārtha
Doctrine: The Lord’s Supper
Original: ἀνάμνησις
Category: Worship
11:24-25: ‘do this in remembrance of me.‘
Unworthy Manner
Approved rendering: ಅಯೋಗ್ಯ ರೀತಿಯಲ್ಲಿ
Transliteration: ayogya rītiyalli
Doctrine: The Lord’s Supper
Original: ἀναξίως
Category: Worship
11:27,29.
Manifestation Of Spirit
Approved rendering: ಆತ್ಮನ ಪ್ರಕಟಣೆ
Transliteration: Ātmana prakaṭaṇe
Doctrine: Spiritual Gifts and the Body of Christ
Original: φανέρωσις τοῦ πνεύματος
Category: Spiritual Gifts
12:7.
Word Of Knowledge
Approved rendering: ತಿಳುವಳಿಕೆಯ ವಾಕ್ಯ
Transliteration: tiḷuvaḷikeya vākya
Doctrine: Spiritual Gifts and the Body of Christ
Original: λόγος γνώσεως
Category: Spiritual Gifts
12:8. Uses the ತಿಳುವಳಿಕೆ root established at 8:1; kept distinct from ಜ್ಞಾನದ ವಾಕ್ಯ.
Interpretation Of Tongues
Approved rendering: ಭಾಷೆಗಳ ಅರ್ಥವಿವರಣೆ
Transliteration: bhāṣegaḷa arthavivaraṇe
Doctrine: Tongues and Prophecy Rightly Ordered
Original: ἑρμηνεία (γλωσσῶν)
Category: Spiritual Gifts
12:10; ch.14.
Hope
Approved rendering: ನಿರೀಕ್ಷೆ
Transliteration: nirīkṣe
Doctrine: Love as the Greater Way
Original: ἐλπίς
Category: Faith
13:13. Must convey confident, promise-grounded expectation, not the fatalistic overtone of ಹಣೆಬರಹ, already forbidden in the Romans baseline for providence/election.
Decently And In Order
Approved rendering: ಸಭ್ಯರೀತಿಯಲ್ಲಿಯೂ ಕ್ರಮಬದ್ಧವಾಗಿಯೂ
Transliteration: sabhyarītiyalliyū kramabaddhavāgiyū
Doctrine: Order in Worship
Original: εὐσχημόνως καὶ κατὰ τάξιν
Category: Worship
14:40: the chapter’s summary principle governing all worship gifts.
Received Delivered
Approved rendering: ಸ್ವೀಕರಿಸಿದಿರಿ / ಒಪ್ಪಿಸಿದೆನು
Transliteration: svīkarisidiri / oppisidenu
Doctrine: The Gospel of First Importance
Original: παραλαμβάνω / παραδίδωμι
Category: Faith
Paired technical terms for formal, controlled transmission of fixed apostolic tradition (11:23; 15:1,3); must convey formal reception/transmission of fixed content, not casual hearing or opinion-sharing.
Untimely Born
Approved rendering: ಅಕಾಲಿಕವಾಗಿ ಜನಿಸಿದವನಂತೆ
Transliteration: akālikavāgi janisidavanante
Doctrine: Grace and Apostolic Identity
Original: ἔκτρωμα
Category: Christology
15:8: Paul’s vivid self-description of his sudden, unexpected apostolic calling; must not be flattened to a generic ‘unworthy.‘
Fallen Asleep
Approved rendering: ನಿದ್ರೆಹೋಗಿದ್ದಾರೆ
Transliteration: nidrehōgiddāre
Doctrine: The Resurrection of Believers
Original: κοιμάω
Category: Eschatology
15:6,18,20,51. Points toward future bodily resurrection, never reincarnation or dissolution of the soul; benefits from a translator’s note on first use.
Perishable Imperishable
Approved rendering: ನಾಶವಾಗುವ / ಅವಿನಾಶಿ
Transliteration: nāśavāguva / avināśi
Doctrine: The Resurrection of Believers
Original: φθαρτόν / ἄφθαρτον
Category: Eschatology
15:42,50-54.
Last Adam
Approved rendering: ಕಡೇ ಆದಾಮ
Transliteration: kaḍē Ādāma
Doctrine: The Resurrection of Believers
Original: ἔσχατος Ἀδάμ
Category: Christology
15:45. Requires a Genesis background note given low OT-narrative literacy.
Maranatha
Approved rendering: ಮಾರಾನಾಥಾ
Transliteration: Mārānāthā
Doctrine: The Resurrection of Believers
Original: Μαρὰν ἀθά
Category: Eschatology
16:22, preserved untranslated in the Greek text itself, parallel to ಅಬ್ಬಾ in the Romans baseline; requires a footnote gloss (‘ನಮ್ಮ ಕರ್ತನೇ, ಬಾ!’).
Anathema
Approved rendering: ಶಾಪಗ್ರಸ್ತ
Transliteration: śāpagrasta
Doctrine: Church Discipline and Holiness
Original: ἀνάθεμα
Category: Discipline
16:22.
Preach
Approved rendering: ಸಾರುತ್ತೇವೆ / ಸಾರು
Transliteration: sāruttēve / sāru
Doctrine: The Gospel of First Importance
Original: κηρύσσω
Category: Church
1:23; 9:27; climactically 15:11 (‘so we preach and so you believed’). Denotes formal, authoritative public heralding, paired with ಸುವಾರ್ತೆ; distinguish from a private guru-style teaching-transmission verb.
Unity
Approved rendering: ಒಗ್ಗಟ್ಟು / ಏಕಮನಸ್ಸು
Transliteration: oggaṭṭu / ēkamanassu
Doctrine: Christian Unity versus Factionalism
Rejected alternatives: ಏಕತ್ವ (monistic/metaphysical oneness)
1:10 (‘that you all agree… united in the same mind’). Positive counterpart to ‘faction/division’; keep distinct from ಏಕತ್ವ, which carries philosophical-unity/monism overtones.
Division Schism
Approved rendering: ಒಡಕು / ಭೇದ
Transliteration: oḍaku / bhēda
Doctrine: Christian Unity versus Factionalism
1:10; 11:18; 12:25. Paul’s diagnostic term for the Corinthian problem; relational fracture, not doctrinal heresy per se.
Puffed Up
Approved rendering: ಉಬ್ಬಿಕೊಳ್ಳುವುದು
Transliteration: ubbikoḷḷuvudu
Doctrine: Christian Unity versus Factionalism
4:6,18-19; 5:2; 8:1; 13:4. Recurs across five chapters; must be rendered identically each time so the reader can track Paul’s repeated critique.
Boasting
Approved rendering: ಹೊಗಳಿಕೊಳ್ಳುವಿಕೆ / ಜಂಬಪಡುವುದು
Transliteration: hogaḷikoḷḷuvike / jambapaḍuvudu
Doctrine: Election and the Abolition of Status-Boasting
1:29,31; 3:21; 4:7; 5:6. 1:31’s ‘let the one who boasts, boast in the Lord’ is a key grace-not-merit verse; ensure no rendering implies legitimate self-boasting elsewhere in the letter.
Lawsuits Litigation
Approved rendering: ಅನ್ಯರ ಮುಂದೆ ವ್ಯಾಜ್ಯ ಹೂಡುವುದು
Transliteration: anyara munde vyājya hūḍuvudu
Doctrine: Lawsuits Among Believers and Communal Accountability
6:1-8. Distinguish from the church’s own internal ನ್ಯಾಯತೀರ್ಪು (‘the saints will judge the world/angels,’ 6:2-3), a distinct eschatological claim requiring its own translator’s note.
Spiritual Food Rock
Approved rendering: ಆತ್ಮಿಕ ಆಹಾರ / ಆತ್ಮಿಕ ಬಂಡೆ
Transliteration: ātmika āhāra / ātmika baṇḍe
Doctrine: Idolatry
10:1-4. OT typological background (manna, water from the rock) requires a translator’s note given low OT-narrative literacy, as with leaven/Passover.
Varieties Of Gifts
Approved rendering: ವಿಧವಿಧವಾದ ವರಗಳು / ಸೇವೆಗಳು / ಕಾರ್ಯಗಳು
Transliteration: vidhavidhavāda varagaḷu / sēvegaḷu / kāryagaḷu
Doctrine: Spiritual Gifts and the Body of Christ
12:4-6: Trinitarian structuring verse (Spirit/Lord/God); keep the three nouns parallel and distinct.
Low Risk Terms
Prophecy
Approved rendering: ಪ್ರವಾದನೆ
Transliteration: pravādane
Doctrine: Tongues and Prophecy Rightly Ordered
Rejected alternatives: ಭವಿಷ್ಯಫಲ
Original: προφητεία
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package. Discussed as a spiritual gift in 12:10, 13:2, and throughout ch.14; distinct from astrological forecasting.
Prophet
Approved rendering: ಪ್ರವಾದಿ
Transliteration: pravādi
Doctrine: Tongues and Prophecy Rightly Ordered
Rejected alternatives: ಜ್ಯೋತಿಷಿ
Original: προφήτης
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package. Referenced in 12:28-29 and 14:29-32.
Fellowship
Approved rendering: ಅನ್ಯೋನ್ಯತೆ
Transliteration: anyōnyate
Doctrine: Christian Fellowship
Rejected alternatives: ಸ್ನೇಹ
Original: κοινωνία
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package. General sense in 1:9 (‘the fellowship of his Son’). NOTE: at 10:16 this same Greek word carries an elevated, sacramental sense (‘participation in the blood of Christ’) requiring separate, deeper treatment — see the new ‘koinonia_lords_supper’ entry below; do not use the general ಅನ್ಯೋನ್ಯತೆ rendering unqualified at 10:16.
Thanksgiving
Approved rendering: ಕೃತಜ್ಞತಾಸ್ತುತಿ
Transliteration: kṛtajñatāstuti
Doctrine: Thanksgiving and Christian Fellowship
Original: εὐχαριστία
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans package. Expressed in 1:4-9, 14:16-18, 15:57, 16:23.
Foundation
Approved rendering: ಅಸ್ತಿವಾರ
Transliteration: astivāra
Doctrine: Church as God’s People
Original: θεμέλιος
Category: Church
3:11: ‘no one can lay a foundation other than… Jesus Christ.‘
Steward
Approved rendering: ಮನೆವಾರ್ತೆಗಾರ
Transliteration: manevārtegāra
Doctrine: Apostolic Stewardship
Original: οἰκονόμος
Category: Ministry
4:1-2: apostles as ‘stewards of the mysteries of God,’ accountable to the master, not popular opinion.
Conjugal Duty
Approved rendering: ದಾಂಪತ್ಯ ಕರ್ತವ್ಯ
Transliteration: dāmpatya kartavya
Doctrine: Marriage and Singleness
Original: ὀφειλή
Category: Marriage
7:3.
Present Distress
Approved rendering: ಈಗಿನ ಸಂಕಟ
Transliteration: īgina saṅkaṭa
Doctrine: Marriage and Singleness
Original: ἐνεστῶσα ἀνάγκη
Category: Marriage
7:26.
Temptation
Approved rendering: ಶೋಧನೆ
Transliteration: śōdhane
Doctrine: Christian Liberty and Idol Meat
Original: πειρασμός
Category: Ethics
10:13: ‘God is faithful… he will provide the way of escape.‘
More Excellent Way
Approved rendering: ಅತ್ಯುತ್ತಮವಾದ ಮಾರ್ಗ
Transliteration: atyuttamavāda mārga
Doctrine: Love as the Greater Way
Original: καθ’ ὑπερβολὴν ὁδόν
Category: Love
12:31.
Childish Things
Approved rendering: ಬಾಲ್ಯದ ಸಂಗತಿಗಳು
Transliteration: bālyada saṅgatigaḷu
Doctrine: Love as the Greater Way
Original: νήπιος
Category: Love
13:11.
Order
Approved rendering: ಕ್ರಮ
Transliteration: krama
Doctrine: Order in Worship
Original: τάξις
Category: Worship
14:40.
Sting Of Death
Approved rendering: ಮರಣದ ಮುಳ್ಳು
Transliteration: maraṇada muḷḷu
Doctrine: The Resurrection of Believers
Original: κέντρον τοῦ θανάτου
Category: Eschatology
15:56.
Victory
Approved rendering: ಜಯ
Transliteration: jaya
Doctrine: The Resurrection of Believers
Original: νῖκος
Category: Eschatology
15:57.
Collection
Approved rendering: ಸಂಗ್ರಹಣೆ / ಧನಸಹಾಯ ಸಂಗ್ರಹ
Transliteration: saṅgrahaṇe / dhanasahāya saṅgraha
Doctrine: Giving and Generosity
Original: λογεία
Category: Church
16:1-2.
Holy Kiss
Approved rendering: ಪವಿತ್ರ ವಂದನೆ
Transliteration: pavitra vandane
Doctrine: Thanksgiving and Christian Fellowship
Original: φίλημα ἅγιον
Category: Church
16:20. Cultural-adaptation choice (‘holy greeting’) rather than a literal kiss, since public kissing is not customary in the Kannada context; confirm with native speaker review that warmth/familial affection is preserved.
Quarreling Strife
Approved rendering: ಜಗಳ / ಕಲಹ
Transliteration: jagaḷa / kalaha
Doctrine: Christian Unity versus Factionalism
1:11; 3:3.
Jealousy
Approved rendering: ಹೊಟ್ಟೆಕಿಚ್ಚು / ಈರ್ಷ್ಯೆ
Transliteration: hoṭṭekiccu / īrṣye
Doctrine: Christian Unity versus Factionalism
3:3.
Eagerly Desire
Approved rendering: ಆಶಿಸಿರಿ / ಹಂಬಲಿಸಿರಿ
Transliteration: āśisiri / hambalisiri
Doctrine: Spiritual Gifts and the Body of Christ
12:31; 14:1,39. Same Greek verb ζηλόω is rendered ‘jealousy’ (negative) at 3:3 and ‘eagerly desire’ (positive) here — context-sensitive; disambiguate in translator notes.
Confusion
Approved rendering: ಗೊಂದಲ / ಅವ್ಯವಸ್ಥೆ
Transliteration: gondala / avyavasthe
Doctrine: Order in Worship
14:33: ‘God is not a God of confusion but of peace’ — pairs directly with reused ಶಾಂತಿ.
Referenced passages