Core Glossary
Core Glossary: Ephesians
This glossary extends the baseline Romans translation_memory.json. Terms marked REUSE carry the exact recorded Kannada rendering from the baseline and must not be altered. Terms marked NEW are proposed additions required by Ephesians’ distinct vocabulary, with proposed Kannada renderings, risk tiers, and grounded rationale, ready for Phase 1 Step 2 formal incorporation into translation memory.
Legend
- Status: REUSE (baseline term, cited exactly) / NEW (proposed addition)
- Risk: Critical / High / Medium / Low (per baseline risk_definitions)
- Chapters: every Ephesians chapter in which the term is load-bearing
A. Reused Terms (Baseline Romans TM — cite exactly, do not alter)
| Term (EN) | Kannada | Transliteration | Risk | Chapters | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| gospel | ಸುವಾರ್ತೆ | suvārte | High | 1, 3, 4, 6 | Gospel of peace (6:15); evangelist office (4:11) built on this root. |
| grace | ಕೃಪೆ | kṛpe | High | 1, 2, 3, 4 | Core passage thesis term (2:5, 2:7, 2:8); distinguish from ಕರುಣೆ (mercy, new term below). |
| faith | ನಂಬಿಕೆ | nambike | High | 1, 2, 3, 4, 6 | Core passage (2:8); “shield of faith” (6:16). |
| righteousness | ನೀತಿವಂತಿಕೆ | nītivantike | Critical | 4, 5, 6 | ”Breastplate of righteousness” (6:14); “true righteousness and holiness” (4:24). Never ಧರ್ಮ. |
| salvation | ರಕ್ಷಣೆ | rakṣaṇe | Critical | 2, 6 | Core passage (2:5, 2:8); “helmet of salvation” (6:17). Never ಮೋಕ್ಷ/ಮುಕ್ತಿ/ಐಕ್ಯ. |
| apostle | ಅಪೊಸ್ತಲ | apostala | Medium | 1, 2, 3, 4 | Foundational office (2:20); gift-office (4:11). |
| called / calling | ಕರೆಯಲ್ಪಟ್ಟ / ಕರೆ | kareyalpaṭṭa / kare | High | 1, 4 | ”One hope of your calling” (4:4). |
| holy | ಪವಿತ್ರ | pavitra | High | 1, 2, 4, 5 | ”Holy temple” (2:21); “true righteousness and holiness” (4:24). |
| saints | ಪವಿತ್ರ ಜನರು | pavitra janaru | High | 1, 2, 3, 4, 6 | ”Equip the saints” (4:12); never ಶರಣರು. |
| sanctification | ಪವಿತ್ರೀಕರಣ | pavitrīkaraṇa | High | 5 | Christ sanctifying the church (5:26). |
| adoption | ದತ್ತು ಪುತ್ರತ್ವ | dattu putratva | High | 1 | 1:5, foundational to inheritance/fellow-heirs terms. |
| resurrection | ಪುನರುತ್ಥಾನ | punarutthāna | Critical | 1, 2 | Root shared with new “made-alive-together”/“raised-together” compounds (2:5-6); 1:20 Christ’s own resurrection. |
| lord | ಕರ್ತ | karta | Critical | 1, 4, 5, 6 | Reserved exclusively for Christ; never used for human “masters” in 6:9 (see ಯಜಮಾನರು, new term). |
| son_of_god | ದೇವರ ಮಗ | Dēvara Maga | Critical | — | Not directly titled in Ephesians but underlies Christological framework; retain for cross-curriculum consistency. |
| peace | ಶಾಂತಿ | śānti | Medium | 1, 2, 4, 6 | ”He himself is our peace” (2:14); “gospel of peace” (6:15). |
| spiritual_gifts | ಆತ್ಮಿಕ ವರಗಳು | ātmika varagaḷu | Medium | 4 | Gift-offices of 4:11 are a specific application. |
| thanksgiving | ಕೃತಜ್ಞತಾಸ್ತುತಿ | kṛtajñatāstuti | Low | 1, 5 | 1:16; 5:4, 5:20. |
| fellowship | ಅನ್ಯೋನ್ಯತೆ | anyōnyate | Low | 3 | ”Fellowship of the mystery” (3:9, KJV tradition wording). |
| church | ಸಭೆ | sabhe | Medium | 1, 3, 4, 5 | Body-of-Christ ecclesiology throughout. |
| kingdom_of_god | ದೇವರ ರಾಜ್ಯ | Dēvara Rājya | Medium | 5 | ”Kingdom of Christ and God” (5:5). |
| law | ನಿಯಮಶಾಸ್ತ್ರ | niyamaśāstra | High | 2 | ”Law of commandments” abolished in Christ’s flesh (2:15). Never ಧರ್ಮ. |
| sin | ಪಾಪ | pāpa | High | 2 | Core passage (2:1). |
| gentiles | ಅನ್ಯಜನಾಂಗದವರು | anyajanāṅgadavaru | Medium | 2, 3 | Central to unity-of-Jew-and-Gentile doctrine. |
| glory | ಮಹಿಮೆ | mahime | High | 1, 3 | ”Praise of his glory” (1:6, 1:12, 1:14); “riches of his glory” (3:16). |
| power_of_god | ದೇವರ ಸಾಮರ್ಥ್ಯ | Dēvara Sāmarthya | High | 1, 3, 6 | 1:19-21; 3:20; 6:10. Never ಶಕ್ತಿ. |
| prophet | ಪ್ರವಾದಿ | pravādi | Low | 2, 3, 4 | Foundation of the church (2:20); gift-office (4:11). |
| covenant | ಒಡಂಬಡಿಕೆ | oḍambaḍike | High | 2 | ”Covenants of promise” (2:12), from which Gentiles were formerly excluded. |
| election | ದೇವರ ಆಯ್ಕೆ | Dēvara Āyke | High | 1 | 1:4 “chose us in him”; paired with new “predestined” term below. |
| intercession | ಮಧ್ಯಸ್ಥಿಕೆ | madhyasthike | Medium | 6 | ”Praying at all times…also for me” (6:18-19). |
| mission | ಮಿಷನ್ / ಸುವಾರ್ತಾ ಪ್ರಸಾರ | miṣan / suvārtā prasāra | Medium | 3, 6 | Paul’s apostolic commission to the Gentiles (3:8); “ambassador” (6:20). |
| israel | ಇಸ್ರಾಯೇಲ್ | Isrāyēl | Medium | 2 | ”Commonwealth of Israel” (2:12). |
| jesus | ಯೇಸು | Yēsu | Critical | throughout | Standard proper name. |
| god | ದೇವರು | Dēvaru | Critical | throughout | Standard term. |
| holy_spirit | ಪವಿತ್ರಾತ್ಮ | Pavitrātma | Critical | 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 | Sealing (1:13); access (2:18); “grieve not the Spirit” (4:30); filling (5:18); sword of Spirit (6:17). |
| father | ತಂದೆ | Tande | Critical | 1, 2, 3, 4, 6 | ”One God and Father of all” (4:6). |
| exhort | ಪ್ರೋತ್ಸಾಹಿಸುವುದು | prōtsāhisuvudu | Low | 4 | ”I…urge you to walk worthy” (4:1). |
B. New Terms Proposed for Ephesians (require Phase 1 Step 2/3 formal addition)
| Term (EN) | Greek | Kannada | Transliteration | Risk | Doctrine | Chapters | Alternatives rejected | Rationale |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| predestined / predestination | προορίζω | ಮೊದಲೇ ನೇಮಿಸಲ್ಪಟ್ಟ | modalē nēmisalpaṭṭa | Critical | Election and Predestination in Christ | 1 | ಹಣೆಬರಹ, ವಿಧಿ, ಕರ್ಮದ ನಿಯಮ | Distinct from but paired with ದೇವರ ಆಯ್ಕೆ (election). Must never read as impersonal fate/karma; God’s prior, personal, relational determination of adoption. |
| redemption | ἀπολύτρωσις | ವಿಮೋಚನೆ | vimōcane | Critical | Salvation by Grace through Faith | 1 | ಮೋಕ್ಷ, ಮುಕ್ತಿ | Near-synonym collision risk with ಮೋಕ್ಷ (“liberation” broadly) in everyday Kannada; must be anchored to Christ’s blood-price and personal relational deliverance, never cycle-release. |
| mystery (of Christ/God’s will) | μυστήριον | ರಹಸ್ಯ (ದೇವರು ಪ್ರಕಟಿಸಿದ ರಹಸ್ಯ) | rahasya (Dēvaru prakaṭisida rahasya) | Critical | The Mystery of Christ Revealed | 1, 3, 5, 6 | bare ರಹಸ್ಯ without qualifier | ರಹಸ್ಯ alone reads as esoteric, initiate-only teaching (Vedantic guru-śiṣya transmission; Lingayat vachana inner meaning) — opposite of Paul’s now-openly-proclaimed sense. Fixed qualifying phrase required at every occurrence. |
| unity (of the Spirit / of the faith / one body) | ἑνότης | ಏಕತೆ | ēkate | Critical | Church as the Body of Christ; Unity of Jews and Gentiles in One New Humanity | 2, 4 | ಐಕ್ಯತೆ (forbidden) | Near-homonym collision with the baseline’s forbidden ಐಕ್ಯ (Veerashaiva final merger/dissolution of identity). Ephesians’ dense unity-language (4:3-6) makes this a book-level Critical flag requiring dedicated back-translation verification. |
| fullness | πλήρωμα | ಪರಿಪೂರ್ಣತೆ | paripūrṇate | Critical | Church as the Body of Christ; Mystery of Christ Revealed | 1, 3, 4 | — | Risk of Advaitic/Vedantic monistic “fullness pervading all” (Isha Upanishad framing) misreading in place of Paul’s relational, personal, distinct-yet-indwelling Christ-and-church picture. |
| one new man / new humanity | καινὸς ἄνθρωπος | ಹೊಸ ಮನುಷ್ಯ | hosa manuṣya | High | Unity of Jews and Gentiles in One New Humanity | 2, 4 | — | Corporate new creation (shares κτίζω root with 2:10); paired with ಹಳೆಯ ಮನುಷ್ಯ (old self, ch. 4). |
| dividing wall | μεσότοιχον τοῦ φραγμοῦ | ಬೇಲಿಯ ನಡುಗೋಡೆ | bēliya naḍugōḍe | High | Unity of Jews and Gentiles in One New Humanity | 2 | — | Strong cultural resonance with historical caste-based spatial exclusion in Karnataka; genuine point of contact requiring careful grounding in Christ’s cross as the stated basis, not generic social-equality ethics. |
| reconciliation / reconcile | ἀποκαταλλάσσω / καταλλαγή | ಸಂಧಾನ | sandhāna | High | Unity of Jews and Gentiles in One New Humanity | 2 | — | Double reconciliation (vertical + horizontal) accomplished unilaterally by the cross, not a negotiated truce between equals. |
| access | προσαγωγή | ಪ್ರವೇಶ | pravēśa | Medium-High | Unity of Jews and Gentiles; Salvation by Grace through Faith | 2, 3 | — | Positive-resonance opportunity: undivided access for all believers, contra caste-restricted ritual access historically practiced regionally. |
| holy temple / dwelling place of God | ναὸς ἅγιος | ಪವಿತ್ರ ಆಲಯ | pavitra ālaya | High | Church as the Body of Christ | 2 | ದೇವಾಲಯ, ದೇವಸ್ಥಾನ, ಗುಡಿ | Avoids the standard Hindu-temple vocabulary already forbidden for “church” in the baseline; residual ದೇವ- root proximity still requires a consistent translator note. |
| cornerstone | ἀκρογωνιαῖος | ಮೂಲೆಗಲ್ಲು | mūlegallu | Low-Medium | Church as the Body of Christ | 2 | — | Standard architectural metaphor; low ambiguity. |
| fellow heirs | συγκληρονόμος | ಸಹ ಬಾಧ್ಯಸ್ಥರು | saha bādhyasthāru | High | Unity of Jews and Gentiles; Election in Christ | 3 | — | Equal, not second-tier, inheritance-sharing for Gentile believers. |
| inheritance | κληρονομία | ಬಾಧ್ಯತೆ | bādhyate | High | Election and Predestination in Christ | 1, 3, 5 | — | Received by sonship (pairs with ದತ್ತು ಪುತ್ರತ್ವ), not earned by labor. |
| pledge / guarantee (of the Spirit) | ἀρραβών | ಮುಂಗಡ | muṃgaḍa | Medium-High | Salvation by Grace through Faith | 1 | — | Legal-commercial certainty image; not a superstitious sign/token. |
| stewardship of grace | οἰκονομία τῆς χάριτος | ಕೃಪೆಯ ಉಸ್ತುವಾರಿ | kṛpeya ustuvāri | Medium | Salvation by Grace through Faith | 3 | — | Paul as trustee of grace, not self-appointed teacher. |
| manifold wisdom of God | πολυποίκιλος σοφία | ದೇವರ ವೈವಿಧ್ಯಮಯ ಜ್ಞಾನ | Dēvara vaividhyamaya jñāna | Medium | Mystery of Christ Revealed; Spiritual Warfare | 3 | — | Church’s existence displays God’s wisdom to spiritual powers (links to ch. 6). |
| head / headship | κεφαλή | ತಲೆ / ಶಿರಸ್ಸು | tale / śirassu | High | Church as the Body of Christ; Household Codes | 1, 4, 5 | — | Christ’s headship over church; extends into husband-wife household code; requires consistent, careful handling across all three occurrences. |
| body of Christ | σῶμα Χριστοῦ | ಕ್ರಿಸ್ತನ ದೇಹ | Kristana dēha | High | Church as the Body of Christ | 4 | — | Differentiated, interdependent unity of members — not merger/dissolution. |
| pastors (shepherds) | ποιμήν | ಸಭಾಪಾಲಕರು | sabhāpālakaru | Medium | Gifts for Building Up the Church | 4 | ಗುರು | Christ-appointed functional office within one body, not a self-attained guru-rank. |
| teachers | διδάσκαλος | ಬೋಧಕರು | bōdhakaru | Medium | Gifts for Building Up the Church | 4 | — | Standard term. |
| evangelists | εὐαγγελιστής | ಸುವಾರ್ತಿಕರು | suvārtikaru | Medium | Gifts for Building Up the Church | 4 | — | Built on established ಸುವಾರ್ತೆ root. |
| equipping | καταρτισμός | ಸಿದ್ಧಗೊಳಿಸುವಿಕೆ | siddhagoḷisuvike | Medium | Gifts for Building Up the Church | 4 | — | Every saint equipped for ministry, not clergy-only action. |
| old self / new self | παλαιὸς / καινὸς ἄνθρωπος | ಹಳೆಯ ಮನುಷ್ಯ / ಹೊಸ ಮನುಷ್ಯ | haḷeya manuṣya / hosa manuṣya | High | Walking in Newness of Life | 4 | — | Decisive, once-for-all identity change; shares κτίζω/“created” root with 2:10 and 4:24. |
| grieve the Holy Spirit | λυπέω τὸ πνεῦμα | ಪವಿತ್ರಾತ್ಮನನ್ನು ದುಃಖಪಡಿಸುವುದು | Pavitrātmanannu duḥkhapaḍisuvudu | High | Walking in Newness of Life | 4 | — | Reinforces the Spirit’s personhood (baseline Critical safeguard vs. ಪರಮಾತ್ಮ). |
| fragrant offering and sacrifice | προσφορὰ καὶ θυσία | ಸುವಾಸನೆಯ ಕಾಣಿಕೆ ಮತ್ತು ಬಲಿ | suvāsaneya kāṇike mattu bali | High | Walking in Newness of Life; Household Codes (Christ’s model) | 5 | ಯಜ್ಞ | ಯಜ್ಞ carries repeatable-Vedic-ritual associations; ಬಲಿ preserves the OT/Christian unique, once-for-all atoning-sacrifice sense. |
| be filled with the Spirit | πληρόω (πληροῦσθε ἐν πνεύματι) | ಆತ್ಮಭರಿತರಾಗಿರಿ | ātmabharitarāgiri | High | Walking in Newness of Life | 5 | — | Distinguish from folk spirit-possession/trance (bhūta kōla) and yogic prāṇa/śakti-filling; an ongoing, willed, ethical-fruit-producing cooperation with the personal Spirit. |
| submit to one another / wives submit / husbands love | ὑποτάσσω | ಅಧೀನರಾಗಿರಿ | adhīnarāgiri | Critical | Household Codes and Christ-Centered Relationships | 5 | — | Mutual-submission frame (5:21) governs the asymmetrical household code; grounded explicitly in Christ-church analogy, not generic cultural hierarchy or self-attained spiritual status. |
| great mystery (marriage as picture of Christ and church) | μυστήριον μέγα | ರಹಸ್ಯ (ದೇವರು ಪ್ರಕಟಿಸಿದ ರಹಸ್ಯ) | mystērion mega | Critical | Household Codes; Mystery of Christ Revealed | 5 | — | Specific application of the book’s central “mystery” term; marriage as a now-understood picture, not an ongoing esoteric secret. |
| one flesh | μία σάρξ | ಒಂದೇ ಶರೀರ | ondē śarīra | Medium | Household Codes | 5 | — | OT marital-union citation grounding the Christ-church analogy. |
| bondservants / slaves | δοῦλος | ದಾಸರು | dāsaru | High | Household Codes and Christ-Centered Relationships | 6 | — | Significant collision risk: same word as the honored Haridasa devotional self-title (“dasa” of Krishna/Vishnu); Ephesians 6 addresses actual social-legal slave status pastorally, not devotional aspiration. Genuine partial resonance (chosen humble service) but real doctrinal difference (exclusive Lord vs. chosen ista-devata). |
| masters (human) | κύριος (lowercase, human referent) | ಯಜಮಾನರು | yajamānaru | High | Household Codes and Christ-Centered Relationships | 6 | ಕರ್ತ | Deliberately NOT ಕರ್ತ, to protect that term’s Critical reserved status for Christ’s exclusive Lordship, even though Paul’s Greek wordplay is lost. |
| armor of God | πανοπλία τοῦ θεοῦ | ದೇವರ ಪೂರ್ಣ ಕವಚ | Dēvara pūrṇa kavaca | Medium | Spiritual Warfare and the Armor of God | 6 | — | Standard image; complete divine equipping. |
| devil | διάβολος | ಸೈತಾನ | Saitāna | High | Spiritual Warfare and the Armor of God | 6 | — | Singular, personal, already-defeated adversary; risk of assimilation into coastal-Karnataka multi-spirit (bhūta/preta/daiva) folk taxonomy. |
| rulers, authorities, cosmic powers, spiritual forces of evil | ἀρχαί, ἐξουσίαι, κοσμοκράτορες, πνευματικὰ τῆς πονηρίας | ಪ್ರಭುತ್ವಗಳು, ಅಧಿಕಾರಗಳು, ಈ ಅಂಧಕಾರದ ಲೋಕಾಧಿಪತಿಗಳು, ದುಷ್ಟತ್ವದ ಆತ್ಮಿಕ ಸೇನೆಗಳು | prabhutvagaḷu, adhikāragaḷu, ī andhakārada lōkādhipatigaḷu, duṣṭatvada ātmika sēnegaḷu | High | Spiritual Warfare and the Armor of God | 1, 3, 6 | ಶಕ್ತಿಗಳು (avoid for these, keep clean of Shakta-power association) | Organized, personal, hierarchical, already-defeated spiritual opposition (cf. 1:20-21); risk of assimilation into folk spirit-appeasement practice rather than Christ’s decisive past-tense victory. |
| word of God (sword of the Spirit) | ῥῆμα θεοῦ | ದೇವರ ವಾಕ್ಯ | Dēvara vākya | Medium | Spiritual Warfare and the Armor of God | 6 | — | Scripture as the Spirit’s offensive weapon. |
| stand firm | στῆναι / ἀνθίστημι | ದೃಢವಾಗಿ ನಿಲ್ಲಿರಿ | dṛḍhavāgi nilliri | Medium | Spiritual Warfare and the Armor of God | 6 | — | Defensive firmness in an already-secured position, not effort toward a victory not yet attained. |
| walk (ethical conduct metaphor) | περιπατέω | ನಡೆಯುವುದು | naḍeyuvudu | Medium | Walking in Newness of Life | 2, 4, 5 | — | Recurs at 2:2, 2:10, 4:1, 4:17, 5:2, 5:8, 5:15; must render identically at every occurrence. Not one “mārga” among several optional spiritual paths — the fruit of a salvation already given. |
| workmanship | ποίημα | ದೇವರ ಕೈಕೆಲಸ | Dēvara kaikelasa | High | Salvation by Grace through Faith | 2 | — | Believer as God’s made product, not self-producer; visually/conceptually distinguished from “works” (ಕಾರ್ಯಗಳು). |
| good works | ἔργα ἀγαθά | ಒಳ್ಳೆಯ ಕಾರ್ಯಗಳು | oḷḷeya kāryagaḷu | Critical | Salvation by Grace through Faith; Walking in Newness of Life | 2 | ಕರ್ಮಗಳು | ಕಾರ್ಯಗಳು preferred over ಕರ್ಮಗಳು throughout Ephesians to avoid invoking the pan-Indian karma-merit/karma-law framework in the very verses (2:9-10) that most directly exclude works as a ground of salvation. Good works are fruit, never foundation. |
| trespasses | παράπτωμα | ಅಪರಾಧಗಳು | aparādhagaḷu | Medium | Salvation by Grace through Faith | 2 | — | Kept distinct from ಪಾಪ (sin) to preserve Paul’s doubled “trespasses and sins.” |
| dead (in trespasses) | νεκρός | ಸತ್ತವರು / ಮೃತರು | mṛtaru | High | Salvation by Grace through Faith | 2 | — | Total spiritual incapacity, not dormancy/weakness compatible with self-effort religious frameworks. |
| by nature (children of wrath) | φύσει | ಸ್ವಭಾವತಃ | svabhāvataḥ | High | Salvation by Grace through Faith | 2 | — | Inherited condition, not acquired behavior; universal human accountability. |
| children of wrath | τέκνα ὀργῆς | ಕೋಪದ ಮಕ್ಕಳು | kōpada makkaḷu | High | Salvation by Grace through Faith | 2 | — | Forensic divine wrath, not vague misfortune; forensic opposite of ನೀತಿವಂತಿಕೆ. |
| made alive together / raised together / seated together (with Christ) | συζωοποιέω / συνεγείρω / συγκαθίζω | ಕ್ರಿಸ್ತನೊಂದಿಗೆ ಜೀವಂತಗೊಳಿಸಿದನು / ಎಬ್ಬಿಸಲ್ಪಟ್ಟಿದ್ದೇವೆ / ಜೊತೆಯಲ್ಲಿ ಕುಳ್ಳಿರಿಸಿದನು | — | Critical | Salvation by Grace through Faith | 2 | — | Built on ಪುನರುತ್ಥಾನ root; never ಪುನರ್ಜನ್ಮ. Union with Christ while remaining a distinct person — explicitly not Aikya-style merger/dissolution. |
| heavenly places | ἐπουράνιος | ಪರಲೋಕಗಳಲ್ಲಿ | paralōkagaḷalli | Medium-High | Salvation by Grace through Faith; Spiritual Warfare | 1, 2, 3, 6 | — | Consistent rendering at all 5 occurrences (1:3, 1:20, 2:6, 3:10, 6:12); distinguished from multi-tiered Hindu loka cosmology attained by merit. |
| in Christ / in Christ Jesus | ἐν Χριστῷ (Ἰησοῦ) | ಕ್ರಿಸ್ತನಲ್ಲಿ / ಕ್ರಿಸ್ತ ಯೇಸುವಿನಲ್ಲಿ | Kristanalli / Krista Yēsuvinalli | High | Christian Identity in Christ (cross-curriculum) | 1, 2, 3, 4 | — | Signature union formula; relational, not absorptive/monistic identity. |
| riches (of grace/glory/inheritance) | πλοῦτος | ಐಶ್ವರ್ಯ | aiśvarya | Medium | Salvation by Grace through Faith | 1, 2, 3 | — | Consistent rendering at 1:7, 1:18, 2:7, 3:8, 3:16. |
| gift | δῶρον | ಉಡುಗೊರೆ | uḍugore | High | Salvation by Grace through Faith | 2 | ದಾನ | ಉಡುಗೊರೆ (personal/relational gift) preferred over ದಾನ (religious almsgiving that itself can generate merit/puṇya for the giver) in this anti-merit context. |
| works (as ground of salvation, excluded) | ἔργα | ಕಾರ್ಯಗಳು | kāryagaḷu | Critical | Salvation by Grace through Faith | 2 | ಕರ್ಮಗಳು | See “good works” rationale above; ಕರ್ಮಗಳು risks reinforcing rather than excluding a karma-law reading. |
| boast | καυχάομαι | ಹೆಮ್ಮೆಪಡುವುದು | hemmepaḍuvudu | Medium | Salvation by Grace through Faith | 2 | — | No human claim to have contributed to salvation. |
| rich in mercy | πλούσιος ἐν ἐλέει | ಕರುಣೆಯಲ್ಲಿ ಐಶ್ವರ್ಯವಂತನಾದ | karuṇeyalli aiśvaryavantanāda | Medium | Salvation by Grace through Faith | 2 | — | ಕರುಣೆ (mercy/compassion to the guilty) kept distinct from ಕೃಪೆ (grace/favor to the undeserving). |
C. Risk Summary (Ephesians additions)
| Risk Tier | Count (new terms) | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Critical | 10 | predestined, redemption, mystery, unity, fullness, submit (household code), great mystery, made-alive/raised/seated-together, works/good works (grace-merit boundary) |
| High | 20 | one new man, dividing wall, reconciliation, holy temple, fellow heirs, inheritance, head/headship, body of Christ, old/new self, grieve the Spirit, fragrant offering, be filled with Spirit, bondservants, masters, devil, rulers/authorities/powers, gift, dead, by nature, children of wrath, in Christ |
| Medium-High | 3 | access, pledge/guarantee, heavenly places |
| Medium | 14 | stewardship of grace, manifold wisdom, pastors, teachers, evangelists, equipping, one flesh, armor of God, word of God, stand firm, walk, riches, boast, rich in mercy |
| Low-Medium | 2 | cornerstone, ambassador in chains (see semantic analysis) |
Total new terms proposed: 49. All Critical and High tier new terms are routed to human theologian review per the baseline’s escalation rules; Medium-tier terms to native speaker review; none of the new Ephesians terms are assessed as Low risk given the book’s unusually dense concentration of union-with-Christ, mystery, and unity vocabulary.
Book-level escalation recommendation for Phase 1 Step 3: add a dedicated validation rule (parallel to the baseline’s forbidden-substitution checklist) requiring every Ephesians segment containing “unity,” “one body,” “one new man,” or “one Spirit” to be checked in back-translation to confirm ಏಕತೆ (not ಐಕ್ಯತೆ) was used, given this collision’s unusually high density in this book compared to Romans.
Critical Risk Terms
Righteousness
Approved rendering: ನೀತಿವಂತಿಕೆ
Transliteration: nītivantike
Doctrine: Salvation
Rejected alternatives: ಧರ್ಮ, ಪುಣ್ಯ
Original: δικαιοσύνη
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. CRITICAL: never ಧರ್ಮ. Ephesians occurrences: ‘new self created after God in true righteousness and holiness’ (4:24) and the ‘breastplate of righteousness’ (6:14) — even where 4:24 sounds like renewed ethical character, the underlying righteousness remains God-given, not self-attained through stage-by-stage discipline.
Salvation
Approved rendering: ರಕ್ಷಣೆ
Transliteration: rakṣaṇe
Doctrine: Salvation
Rejected alternatives: ಮೋಕ್ಷ, ಮುಕ್ತಿ, ಐಕ್ಯ
Original: σωτηρία
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. CRITICAL: NEVER ಮೋಕ್ಷ, ಮುಕ್ತಿ, or ಐಕ್ಯ. Ephesians occurrences: the core passage’s thesis term (2:5, 2:8), ‘helmet of salvation’ in the armor of God (6:17). The believer remains a distinct person savingly related to God, never dissolved into him.
Resurrection
Approved rendering: ಪುನರುತ್ಥಾನ
Transliteration: punarutthāna
Doctrine: Resurrection of Christ
Rejected alternatives: ಪುನರ್ಜನ್ಮ
Original: ἀνάστασις / ἐγείρω
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package. CRITICAL: NEVER ಪುನರ್ಜನ್ಮ. Ephesians occurrences: God’s power ‘raised him from the dead’ (1:20); this same root underlies the new compound terms for believers’ co-resurrection in 2:5-6, which must preserve the identical safeguard.
Lord
Approved rendering: ಕರ್ತ
Transliteration: karta
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: ಸ್ವಾಮಿ
Original: κύριος
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package. CRITICAL: reserved exclusively for Christ’s exclusive, supreme, presently-reigning Lordship. Ephesians occurrences: ‘the Lord Jesus Christ’ (1:2-3), ‘one Lord’ in the sevenfold unity formula (4:5), Christ ‘far above all rule and authority’ (1:21). NEVER applied to the human ‘masters’ of 6:9 — see new term ಯಜಮಾನರು, deliberately kept distinct.
Son Of God
Approved rendering: ದೇವರ ಮಗ
Transliteration: Dēvara Maga
Doctrine: Sonship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: ದೇವಮಾನವ
Original: υἱὸς θεοῦ
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package. Not directly titled in this exact phrase within Ephesians but retained for cross-curriculum Christological consistency; underlies all Sonship/adoption/inheritance language in the book.
Jesus
Approved rendering: ಯೇಸು
Transliteration: Yēsu
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: ಈಸಾ
Original: Ἰησοῦς
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package. NEVER ಈಸಾ. Used throughout Ephesians.
God
Approved rendering: ದೇವರು
Transliteration: Dēvaru
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Rejected alternatives: ಭಗವಂತ, ಪರಶಿವ
Original: θεός
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. Avoid ಭಗವಂತ; be alert to Lingayat-background readers mentally substituting ಪರಶಿವ. Used throughout Ephesians as Father and source of every spiritual blessing (1:3).
Holy Spirit
Approved rendering: ಪವಿತ್ರಾತ್ಮ
Transliteration: Pavitrātma
Doctrine: Sanctification
Rejected alternatives: ಪರಮಾತ್ಮ
Original: πνεῦμα ἅγιον
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. CRITICAL: never ಪರಮಾತ್ಮ. Ephesians occurrences: sealing (1:13-14), access (2:18), ‘grieve not the Spirit’ (4:30, a strong opportunity to teach the Spirit’s personhood), filling (5:18), sword of the Spirit (6:17).
Predestined
Approved rendering: ಮೊದಲೇ ನೇಮಿಸಲ್ಪಟ್ಟ
Transliteration: modalē nēmisalpaṭṭa
Doctrine: Election and Predestination in Christ
Rejected alternatives: ಹಣೆಬರಹ, ವಿಧಿ, ಕರ್ಮದ ನಿಯಮ
Original: προορίζω
Category: Election
NEW. Modeled grammatically on the established ಕರೆಯಲ್ಪಟ್ಟ (called) participle pattern. Must be sharply distinguished from ಹಣೆಬರಹ (the Kannada fatalism idiom, ‘forehead-writing’) and impersonal karma-law framing. Ephesians occurrences 1:5, 1:11 — the Father’s personal, relational, purposive choice, never an unchangeable script apart from relationship. Every occurrence requires human theologian review.
Redemption
Approved rendering: ವಿಮೋಚನೆ
Transliteration: vimōcane
Doctrine: Redemption Through Christ’s Blood
Rejected alternatives: ಮೋಕ್ಷ, ಮುಕ್ತಿ
Original: ἀπολύτρωσις
Category: Salvation
NEW. ವಿಮೋಚನೆ is a near-synonym of ಮೋಕ್ಷ in general Kannada usage, yet the doctrines are structurally opposite: biblical redemption is a personal, relational deliverance purchased at the specific cost of Christ’s blood, leaving the redeemed a distinct person in ongoing relationship with the Redeemer, while ಮೋಕ್ಷ denotes release from the impersonal rebirth cycle. Never substitute ಮೋಕ್ಷ. Ephesians occurrences 1:7, 1:14; every occurrence must be anchored explicitly to ‘through his blood.‘
Fullness
Approved rendering: ಪರಿಪೂರ್ಣತೆ
Transliteration: paripūrṇate
Doctrine: The Church as the Body of Christ
Rejected alternatives: ಪೂರ್ಣ (used alone, unanchored)
NEW. The church as ‘the fullness of him who fills all in all’ (1:23); Christ ‘filled with all the fullness of God’ applied to believers (3:19); the church’s growth-goal ‘the fullness of Christ’ (4:13). Major risk: could be read through Advaitic/Vedantic monistic ‘fullness pervading all’ theology (cf. the Isha Upanishad’s pūrṇam idam pūrṇam adaḥ) rather than Paul’s relational picture of a personal, distinct Christ who fills and indwells his church without dissolving its distinctness. Human theologian review required at all three occurrences (1:23, 3:19, 4:13).
Mystery
Approved rendering: ರಹಸ್ಯ (ದೇವರು ಪ್ರಕಟಿಸಿದ ರಹಸ್ಯ)
Transliteration: rahasya (Dēvaru prakaṭisida rahasya)
Doctrine: The Mystery of Christ Revealed
Rejected alternatives: bare ರಹಸ್ಯ without the qualifying phrase
Original: μυστήριον
Category: Mystery
NEW. Must always carry the fixed qualifying phrase ದೇವರು ಪ್ರಕಟಿಸಿದ ರಹಸ್ಯ (‘the mystery God has revealed’); a bare ರಹಸ್ಯ reads as esoteric guru-śiṣya or Lingayat vachana inner-meaning teaching restricted to initiates — the opposite direction of Paul’s now-openly-proclaimed sense. Occurs at 1:9; 3:3, 3:4, 3:6, 3:9; 5:32 (applied to marriage); 6:19. No exceptions permitted anywhere in the book.
Unity
Approved rendering: ಏಕತೆ
Transliteration: ēkate
Doctrine: Unity of Jews and Gentiles in One New Humanity; The Church as the Body of Christ
Rejected alternatives: ಐಕ್ಯತೆ (FORBIDDEN), ಐಕ್ಯ (FORBIDDEN)
Original: ἑνότης
Category: Church
NEW — book-level Critical flag. MUST NOT be rendered ಐಕ್ಯತೆ anywhere in the Ephesians curriculum: ಐಕ್ಯ/ಐಕ್ಯತೆ is the exact Veerashaiva/Lingayat technical term for the shatsthala path’s final merger-of-identity stage, already forbidden in the baseline for ‘salvation.’ Ephesians 4:3-6’s sevenfold ‘one body, one Spirit…one Lord, one faith, one baptism, one God and Father’ is the densest concentration of unity-language in the NT. Every occurrence (2:14-16; 4:3-4, 4:13, 4:16) requires mandatory back-translation verification and human theologian review.
Submit To One Another
Approved rendering: ಒಬ್ಬರಿಗೊಬ್ಬರು ಅಧೀನರಾಗಿರಿ
Transliteration: obbarigobbaru adhīnarāgiri
Doctrine: Household Codes and Christ-Centered Relationships
Original: ὑποτασσόμενοι ἀλλήλοις
Category: Household
NEW. The governing principle (5:21) for the household code that follows — mutual, Christ-reverence-motivated submission framing the asymmetrical instructions of 5:22-6:9, not one-directional domination or a self-attained spiritual-status hierarchy.
Great Mystery Marriage
Approved rendering: ರಹಸ್ಯ (ದೇವರು ಪ್ರಕಟಿಸಿದ ರಹಸ್ಯ)
Transliteration: mystērion mega — rendered via the fixed ರಹಸ್ಯ phrase
Doctrine: The Great Mystery of Marriage as a Picture of Christ and the Church; The Mystery of Christ Revealed
Original: μυστήριον…μέγα
Category: Mystery
NEW. Marriage as a living picture of Christ and the church (5:32) — a specific application of the book’s central mystery term. Reuses the fixed qualifying phrase ದೇವರು ಪ್ರಕಟಿಸಿದ ರಹಸ್ಯ established at 1:9; marriage itself is not esoteric, but a now-understood picture of an already-revealed truth.
Good Works
Approved rendering: ಒಳ್ಳೆಯ ಕಾರ್ಯಗಳು
Transliteration: oḷḷeya kāryagaḷu
Doctrine: Good Works as Fruit, Not Foundation, of Salvation
Rejected alternatives: ಕರ್ಮಗಳು
Original: ἔργα ἀγαθά
Category: Salvation
NEW. The fruit and purpose of salvation, never its ground; prepared beforehand by God for believers to walk in (2:10). Uses the same ಕಾರ್ಯಗಳು root as v.9’s excluded ‘works’ for transparency of Paul’s wordplay. Good works are the fruit of grace, never its foundation — the sequence must never be reversed.
Works
Approved rendering: ಕಾರ್ಯಗಳು
Transliteration: kāryagaḷu
Doctrine: Good Works as Fruit, Not Foundation, of Salvation
Rejected alternatives: ಕರ್ಮಗಳು
Original: ἔργα
Category: Salvation
NEW. Human moral/religious effort or achievement, explicitly excluded as a ground of salvation (2:9), ‘so that no one may boast.’ NOT ಕರ್ಮಗಳು: ಕರ್ಮ carries the full weight of the pan-Indian karma-merit/karma-law framework (action determining reward/punishment across lifetimes) — precisely the doctrine this verse excludes. Using ಕರ್ಮಗಳು risks the reader hearing ‘not by karmic law’ rather than ‘not by human effort,’ reinforcing rather than dismantling a karma-framework reading.
Made Alive Raised Seated With Christ
Approved rendering: ಕ್ರಿಸ್ತನೊಂದಿಗೆ ಜೀವಂತಗೊಳಿಸಿದನು / ಎಬ್ಬಿಸಲ್ಪಟ್ಟಿದ್ದೇವೆ / ಜೊತೆಯಲ್ಲಿ ಕುಳ್ಳಿರಿಸಿದನು
Transliteration: Kristanondige jīvantagoḷisidanu / ebbisalpaṭṭiddēve / joteyalli kuḷḷirisidanu
Doctrine: Union with Christ (Made Alive, Raised, and Seated Together)
Rejected alternatives: ಪುನರ್ಜನ್ಮ (FORBIDDEN)
Original: συζωοποιέω / συνεγείρω / συγκαθίζω
Category: Salvation
NEW. The believer’s new life as a sharing in Christ’s own resurrection life, raised and seated with him in the heavenly places (2:5-6). Built on the established ಪುನರುತ್ಥಾನ root; NEVER ಪುನರ್ಜನ್ಮ. Explicit translator note required at every occurrence: this union-with-Christ language must be clearly distinguished from the Veerashaiva Aikya state (final merger/dissolution of identity into Shiva) — the believer is exalted with Christ while remaining a distinct person in ongoing relationship with him.
High Risk Terms
Gospel
Approved rendering: ಸುವಾರ್ತೆ
Transliteration: suvārte
Doctrine: Gospel
Rejected alternatives: ಸುದ್ದಿ
Original: εὐαγγέλιον
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Established Kannada Christian term (su- ‘good’ + vārte ‘news’); avoid the generic ಸುದ್ದಿ. Ephesians occurrences: ‘gospel of your salvation’ (1:13), gospel proclaimed to Gentiles (3:6), ‘gospel of peace’ worn as footwear in the armor of God (6:15), ‘mystery of the gospel’ (6:19).
Grace
Approved rendering: ಕೃಪೆ
Transliteration: kṛpe
Doctrine: Grace
Rejected alternatives: ಕರ್ಮಫಲ, ಪುಣ್ಯ
Original: χάρις
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Unmerited favor apart from human merit; distinguish from Haridasa bhakti’s devotional exchange and Lingayat kayaka-dasoha ethics. Ephesians occurrences: the core passage’s thesis term (2:5, 2:7, 2:8), Paul’s apostolic commissioning (3:2, 3:7), and the measure of gifts given to each believer (4:7). Kept lexically distinct from the new term ಕರುಣೆ (mercy, 2:4).
Faith
Approved rendering: ನಂಬಿಕೆ
Transliteration: nambike
Doctrine: Faith
Rejected alternatives: ಭಕ್ತಿ
Original: πίστις
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans package. Personal trust in Christ specifically, not the devotional surrender (ಭಕ್ತಿ) of Krishna-bhakti or Shiva-devotion. Ephesians occurrences: sole instrument of salvation (2:8), ground of bold access to God (3:12), ‘shield of faith’ in the armor of God (6:16).
Called
Approved rendering: ಕರೆಯಲ್ಪಟ್ಟ
Transliteration: kareyalpaṭṭa
Doctrine: Divine Calling
Rejected alternatives: ಆಮಂತ್ರಿತ
Original: κλητός / καλέω
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Context-sensitive per baseline guidance. Ephesians occurrences: ‘the hope of your calling’ (1:18, 4:4).
Calling
Approved rendering: ಕರೆ
Transliteration: kare
Doctrine: Divine Calling
Rejected alternatives: ಆಹ್ವಾನ
Original: κλῆσις
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Noun form for the act/state of being called. Ephesians occurrences: ‘walk worthy of the calling to which you have been called’ (4:1), ‘one hope that belongs to your calling’ (4:4).
Holy
Approved rendering: ಪವಿತ್ರ
Transliteration: pavitra
Doctrine: Sanctification
Rejected alternatives: ಶುದ್ಧ
Original: ἅγιος
Category: Sanctification
Inherited from Romans package. Set apart for God and morally pure. Ephesians occurrences: believers’ election (1:4), ‘holy temple’ (2:21), ‘true righteousness and holiness’ (4:24), church ‘holy and without blemish’ (5:27).
Saints
Approved rendering: ಪವಿತ್ರ ಜನರು
Transliteration: pavitra janaru
Doctrine: Sainthood
Rejected alternatives: ಶರಣರು, ಸಂತರು
Original: ἅγιοι
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package. NEVER ಶರಣರು (Veerashaiva Sharana poet-saint title naming those who attained the Aikya stage). Ephesians occurrences: letter’s opening address (1:1), object of Paul’s prayer (1:18), those equipped for ministry (4:12) — a corporate designation for every believer, not an elite class.
Sanctification
Approved rendering: ಪವಿತ್ರೀಕರಣ
Transliteration: pavitrīkaraṇa
Doctrine: Sanctification
Rejected alternatives: ಶುದ್ಧೀಕರಣ
Original: ἁγιασμός / ἁγιάζω
Category: Sanctification
Inherited from Romans package. The Spirit’s ongoing work of making believers holy, distinct from the disciplined, self-directed ascent of the Lingayat shatsthala path. Ephesians occurrence: Christ ‘sanctifying’ the church, ‘cleansing her by the washing of water with the word’ (5:26).
Adoption
Approved rendering: ದತ್ತು ಪುತ್ರತ್ವ
Transliteration: dattu putratva
Doctrine: Adoption into God’s Family
Rejected alternatives: ದತ್ತು ತೆಗೆದುಕೊಳ್ಳುವುದು
Original: υἱοθεσία
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Full son-status and inheritance in a permanent, personal relationship. Ephesians occurrence: ‘he predestined us for adoption as sons through Jesus Christ’ (1:5), foundational to the new inheritance/fellow-heirs terms below.
Law
Approved rendering: ನಿಯಮಶಾಸ್ತ್ರ
Transliteration: niyamaśāstra
Doctrine: Fulfillment of Prophecy
Rejected alternatives: ಧರ್ಮ
Original: νόμος
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package. NEVER ಧರ್ಮ. Ephesians occurrence: ‘the law of commandments expressed in ordinances’ abolished in Christ’s flesh as the ground of Jew-Gentile hostility (2:15).
Sin
Approved rendering: ಪಾಪ
Transliteration: pāpa
Doctrine: Universal Human Accountability
Rejected alternatives: ಅಧರ್ಮ
Original: ἁμαρτία
Category: Sin
Inherited from Romans package. Moral transgression before a personal God, not impersonal karmic demerit. Ephesians occurrence: paired with the new term ‘trespasses’ in the core passage’s opening diagnosis (2:1) — the doubled Greek pair must be kept lexically distinct in Kannada.
Glory
Approved rendering: ಮಹಿಮೆ
Transliteration: mahime
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Rejected alternatives: ತೇಜಸ್ಸು
Original: δόξα
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. Avoid light-only imagery that could merge with Aikya-path mystical-illumination associations. Ephesians occurrences: recurring refrain ‘to the praise of his glory’ (1:6, 1:12, 1:14), ‘riches of his glory’ (1:18, 3:16).
Power Of God
Approved rendering: ದೇವರ ಸಾಮರ್ಥ್ಯ
Transliteration: Dēvara Sāmarthya
Doctrine: Power of God for Salvation
Rejected alternatives: ಶಕ್ತಿ
Original: δύναμις θεοῦ
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. NEVER ಶಕ್ತಿ (Shakta goddess-power association, Chamundeshwari at Mysore). Ephesians occurrences: ‘immeasurable greatness of his power toward us who believe’ (1:19), strengthening for spiritual warfare (6:10). This safeguard must also extend to the new hostile-powers term (ಸೇನೆಗಳು, never ಶಕ್ತಿ) in 6:12.
Covenant
Approved rendering: ಒಡಂಬಡಿಕೆ
Transliteration: oḍambaḍike
Doctrine: Davidic Covenant
Rejected alternatives: ಒಪ್ಪಂದ
Original: διαθήκη
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package. Not a mere transactional ಒಪ್ಪಂದ. Ephesians occurrence: Gentiles were formerly ‘strangers to the covenants of promise’ (2:12).
Election
Approved rendering: ದೇವರ ಆಯ್ಕೆ
Transliteration: Dēvara Āyke
Doctrine: Effectual Calling
Rejected alternatives: ಹಣೆಬರಹ, ವಿಧಿ
Original: ἐκλογή / ἐκλέγομαι
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. God’s sovereign, personal choice, not fatalism or impersonal destiny. Ephesians occurrence: ‘he chose us in him before the foundation of the world’ (1:4), now paired with the new Critical term ಮೊದಲೇ ನೇಮಿಸಲ್ಪಟ್ಟ (predestined) — election is God’s choosing of persons, predestination his fixing of their destiny.
Father
Approved rendering: ತಂದೆ
Transliteration: Tande
Doctrine: Adoption into God’s Family
Rejected alternatives: ಸೃಷ್ಟಿಕರ್ತ
Original: πατήρ
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. Ephesians occurrences: ‘one God and Father of all’ (4:6), ‘every family in heaven and on earth is named’ from the Father (3:14-15).
One New Man
Approved rendering: ಒಂದೇ ಹೊಸ ಮನುಷ್ಯ
Transliteration: ondē hosa manuṣya
Doctrine: Unity of Jews and Gentiles in One New Humanity
Original: εἷς καινὸς ἄνθρωπος
Category: Church
NEW. A genuinely new corporate humanity created in Christ out of formerly hostile Jew and Gentile (2:15), sharing the κτίζω/‘create’ root with 2:10. The ‘one’ must use ಏಕ-family vocabulary only, never ಐಕ್ಯ-family vocabulary — this is a differentiated new creation, not a merger dissolving Jew and Gentile identity.
Dividing Wall
Approved rendering: ಬೇಲಿಯ ನಡುಗೋಡೆ
Transliteration: bēliya naḍugōḍe
Doctrine: Unity of Jews and Gentiles in One New Humanity
Original: μεσότοιχον τοῦ φραγμοῦ
Category: Church
NEW. The Jew-Gentile separation (likely alluding to the Jerusalem Temple’s Gentile-exclusion barrier), demolished in Christ (2:14). Strong resonance with Karnataka’s caste-based spatial exclusion history and the Lingayat reform movement’s rejection of such barriers — genuine partial cultural contact, but the text’s own stated ground for demolition (Christ’s cross/flesh, 2:14-16) must remain explicit, not softened into a generic borrowed social-equality ethic.
Reconciliation
Approved rendering: ಸಂಧಾನ
Transliteration: sandhāna
Doctrine: Unity of Jews and Gentiles in One New Humanity
Original: ἀποκαταλλάσσω
Category: Salvation
NEW. Christ’s single act reconciling Jew and Gentile to God and to each other via the cross (2:16). Must be distinguished from a negotiated truce between equal parties; accomplished unilaterally by Christ’s cross-work, received by faith.
Access
Approved rendering: ಪ್ರವೇಶ
Transliteration: pravēśa
Doctrine: Unity of Jews and Gentiles in One New Humanity; Salvation by Grace through Faith
Original: προσαγωγή
Category: Salvation
NEW. Believers’ direct, unmediated access to the Father through Christ by one Spirit (2:18; cf. 3:12). Positive-resonance point: unlike historically caste-restricted access to inner temple sanctums, the gospel grants undivided, equal access regardless of ethnic or social status.
Holy Temple
Approved rendering: ಪವಿತ್ರ ಆಲಯ
Transliteration: pavitra ālaya
Doctrine: The Church as the Body of Christ
Rejected alternatives: ದೇವಾಲಯ, ದೇವಸ್ಥಾನ, ಗುಡಿ
Original: ναὸς ἅγιος
Category: Church
NEW. The church corporately as God’s new dwelling place, built on the apostles/prophets with Christ as cornerstone (2:20-22). Avoids the standard Hindu-temple vocabulary already forbidden for ‘church’ in the baseline. Residual ದೇವ- root proximity remains even in this compound; a standing translator note distinguishing ‘God’s people as his living dwelling’ from ‘a temple building’ is required at every occurrence.
Fellow Heirs
Approved rendering: ಸಹ ಬಾಧ್ಯಸ್ಥರು
Transliteration: saha bādhyasthāru
Doctrine: Unity of Jews and Gentiles in One New Humanity; Election and Predestination in Christ
Original: συγκληρονόμος
Category: Salvation
NEW. Gentiles share fully and equally in the inheritance with Jewish believers (3:6). Built on ಬಾಧ್ಯತೆ (inheritance) below. No second-tier inheritance for Gentile believers.
Inheritance
Approved rendering: ಬಾಧ್ಯತೆ
Transliteration: bādhyate
Doctrine: Election and Predestination in Christ; Adoption and Inheritance in God’s Family
Original: κληρονομία
Category: Salvation
NEW. The believer’s guaranteed future possession/portion in Christ (1:14, 1:18; 3:6; 5:5). Must preserve the ‘received by sonship, not earned by labor’ logic, pairing directly with ದತ್ತು ಪುತ್ರತ್ವ (adoption).
Pledge Guarantee
Approved rendering: ಮುಂಗಡ
Transliteration: muṃgaḍa
Doctrine: Assurance of Salvation
Original: ἀρραβών
Category: Salvation
NEW. The Spirit as God’s legal guarantee that the full inheritance will be paid in full (1:14). Standard Kannada commercial-legal term for ‘advance/down payment,’ repurposed with theological anchoring. Must not be rendered as a vague sign or superstitious token, which would weaken the legal certainty Paul intends.
Head Headship
Approved rendering: ತಲೆ / ಶಿರಸ್ಸು
Transliteration: tale / śirassu
Doctrine: The Church as the Body of Christ; Household Codes and Christ-Centered Relationships
Original: κεφαλή
Category: Christology
NEW. Christ’s supreme, life-giving authority over the church as its head (1:22, 4:15), extended metaphorically to the husband’s role toward his wife (5:23). Used consistently across all three occurrences; the ecclesial sense (established first, ch.1) must remain the controlling analogy for the domestic application (ch.5), and the two senses must be distinguishable in back-translation.
Body Of Christ
Approved rendering: ಕ್ರಿಸ್ತನ ದೇಹ
Transliteration: Kristana dēha
Doctrine: The Church as the Body of Christ
Original: σῶμα Χριστοῦ
Category: Church
NEW. The church as Christ’s organic, differentiated, unified body (4:12, 4:16; 5:23, 5:30). This is a unity of distinct, interdependent members, not dissolution of members’ distinctiveness — pairs directly with the ಏಕತೆ/ಐಕ್ಯತೆ safeguard above.
Old Self New Self
Approved rendering: ಹಳೆಯ ಮನುಷ್ಯ / ಹೊಸ ಮನುಷ್ಯ
Transliteration: haḷeya manuṣya / hosa manuṣya
Doctrine: Sanctification and the New Self
Original: παλαιὸς ἄνθρωπος / καινὸς ἄνθρωπος
Category: Sanctification
NEW. The believer’s decisive break with the former unregenerate identity and putting on of the Christ-shaped new identity (4:22-24); matches the ಹೊಸ ಮನುಷ್ಯ term established for 2:15’s ‘one new man’ and shares the κτίζω/‘created’ root with 2:10 and 4:24 — a decisive divine creation, not gradual self-improvement.
Grieve Holy Spirit
Approved rendering: ಪವಿತ್ರಾತ್ಮನನ್ನು ದುಃಖಪಡಿಸುವುದು
Transliteration: Pavitrātmanannu duḥkhapaḍisuvudu
Doctrine: The Holy Spirit: Sealing, Indwelling, Grieving, and Filling
Original: λυπέω τὸ πνεῦμα τὸ ἅγιον
Category: God
NEW. The Spirit as a personal being capable of being grieved by believers’ sin (4:30). Directly reinforces the baseline’s Critical safeguard that ಪವಿತ್ರಾತ್ಮ is personal, not an impersonal force or universal life-principle (ಪರಮಾತ್ಮ).
Fragrant Offering
Approved rendering: ಸುವಾಸನೆಯ ಕಾಣಿಕೆ ಮತ್ತು ಬಲಿ
Transliteration: suvāsaneya kāṇike mattu bali
Doctrine: Walking in Newness of Life; Household Codes and Christ-Centered Relationships
Rejected alternatives: ಯಜ್ಞ
Original: προσφορὰ καὶ θυσία εἰς ὀσμὴν εὐωδίας
Category: Christology
NEW. OT sacrificial-cultic language applied to Christ’s unique, once-for-all self-offering on the cross (5:2). Uses ಬಲಿ, the established OT/Christian sacrificial term, rather than ಯಜ್ಞ, which carries strong Vedic repeated-ritual-fire-sacrifice associations that would misrepresent Christ’s sacrifice as one ritual performance among many rather than the unique, all-sufficient atoning act.
Filled With Spirit
Approved rendering: ಆತ್ಮಭರಿತರಾಗಿರಿ
Transliteration: ātmabharitarāgiri
Doctrine: The Holy Spirit: Sealing, Indwelling, Grieving, and Filling
Original: πληροῦσθε ἐν πνεύματι
Category: God
NEW. A continuous, Spirit-produced state, evidenced by worship, thanksgiving, and mutual submission (5:18-21), contrasted with drunkenness. Risk: coastal Karnataka’s bhūta kōla/daivaradhane spirit-possession/trance practices, and Vedantic/yogic prāṇa-śakti ‘filling’ toward altered consciousness, both offer a ready but incorrect interpretive frame. Must convey ongoing, willed, ethical-fruit-producing cooperation with a personal Spirit, not trance or possession. Single highest-risk individual segment in the book.
Bondservants
Approved rendering: ದಾಸರು
Transliteration: dāsaru
Doctrine: Household Codes and Christ-Centered Relationships
Original: δοῦλοι
Category: Household
NEW. First-century household slaves, addressed as full moral agents accountable to Christ, their true Master (6:5-8). Major collision flag: ದಾಸ is the self-chosen devotional title of Karnataka’s celebrated Haridasa poet-composers (Purandara Dāsa, Kanaka Dāsa) — honored, freely chosen bhakti-surrender to a personally chosen deity. Ephesians addresses an actual, often involuntary social-legal slave status pastorally, not devotional aspiration. No viable substitute exists; retain ದಾಸರು with a mandatory standing translator note distinguishing the two referents at every occurrence.
Masters
Approved rendering: ಯಜಮಾನರು
Transliteration: yajamānaru
Doctrine: Household Codes and Christ-Centered Relationships
Rejected alternatives: ಕರ್ತ
Original: κύριοι (human referent)
Category: Household
NEW. Human slave-owners, addressed as themselves accountable to ‘the same Master…in heaven’ (6:9) — a deliberate wordplay on κύριος. Deliberately NOT ಕರ್ತ, to protect that term’s Critical reserved status for Christ’s exclusive Lordship; the Greek wordplay is thereby lost in Kannada and should be explained in a translator note, not ‘corrected’ back toward ಕರ್ತ.
Devil
Approved rendering: ಸೈತಾನ
Transliteration: Saitāna
Doctrine: Spiritual Warfare and the Armor of God
Original: διάβολος
Category: Spiritual Warfare
NEW. The singular, personal chief spiritual adversary, already defeated by Christ’s exaltation (1:20-21; 6:11). Established Kannada Christian transliteration. Risk: readers formed by coastal Karnataka folk religion’s taxonomy of local spirits (bhūta, preta, daiva) requiring ritual appeasement or exorcism may assimilate ‘the devil’ into this existing multi-spirit category rather than recognizing him as the one, singular, named, already-defeated enemy under Christ’s supreme, exclusive authority.
Rulers Authorities Powers
Approved rendering: ಪ್ರಭುತ್ವಗಳು, ಅಧಿಕಾರಗಳು, ಈ ಅಂಧಕಾರದ ಲೋಕಾಧಿಪತಿಗಳು, ದುಷ್ಟತ್ವದ ಆತ್ಮಿಕ ಸೇನೆಗಳು
Transliteration: prabhutvagaḷu, adhikāragaḷu, ī andhakārada lōkādhipatigaḷu, duṣṭatvada ātmika sēnegaḷu
Doctrine: Spiritual Warfare and the Armor of God
Rejected alternatives: ಶಕ್ತಿಗಳು (avoid for these, keep clean of the Shakta-goddess-power association)
Original: ἀρχαί, ἐξουσίαι, κοσμοκράτορες τοῦ σκότους τούτου, πνευματικὰ τῆς πονηρίας
Category: Spiritual Warfare
NEW. An escalating four-term description of organized, hierarchical, personal spiritual opposition against the church (6:12), echoing 1:21’s ‘far above all rule and authority.’ ಸೇನೆಗಳು (‘hosts/armies’) deliberately used instead of ಶಕ್ತಿಗಳು. Major risk: assimilation into coastal-Karnataka bhūta/daiva folk-spirit-appeasement practice rather than Christ’s decisive, past-tense, already-accomplished victory.
Workmanship
Approved rendering: ದೇವರ ಕೈಕೆಲಸ
Transliteration: Dēvara kaikelasa
Doctrine: Salvation by Grace through Faith
Original: ποίημα
Category: Salvation
NEW. God’s own artistic, purposeful making of the believer (2:10) — the direct reversal of v.9’s ‘not of works.’ Must be visually and conceptually distinguished from ಕಾರ್ಯಗಳು (‘works,’ v.9) even though etymologically related in Greek — something made by God, not done by us.
Dead In Trespasses
Approved rendering: ಸತ್ತವರು (ಪಾಪದಲ್ಲಿ ಸತ್ತವರು)
Transliteration: mṛtaru (pāpadalli sattavaru)
Doctrine: Universal Human Accountability (Dead in Sin)
Original: νεκρός (νεκροὺς τοῖς παραπτώμασιν)
Category: Sin
NEW. Total spiritual deadness before God (2:1, 2:5) — not sick, weakened, or dormant, but without capacity to respond to God apart from his intervening act. Risk: readers may soften this to ‘spiritually weak/asleep,’ compatible with self-effort religious frameworks (bhakti awakening, latent yogic potential) that assume some remaining latent spiritual capacity. Must be rendered as total incapacity, not dormancy.
By Nature
Approved rendering: ಸ್ವಭಾವತಃ
Transliteration: svabhāvataḥ
Doctrine: Universal Human Accountability (Dead in Sin)
Original: φύσει
Category: Sin
NEW. Inherent, inborn condition, not acquired by choice alone — establishing universal, inherited human guilt prior to any act (2:3). Must not be softened to ‘by habit/circumstance.‘
Children Of Wrath
Approved rendering: ಕೋಪದ ಮಕ್ಕಳು
Transliteration: kōpada makkaḷu
Doctrine: Universal Human Accountability (Dead in Sin)
Original: τέκνα ὀργῆς
Category: Sin
NEW. Hebraic idiom for those who are the objects of God’s righteous judgment by their very condition, prior to the grace of v.4 (2:3). Must retain the forensic ‘wrath’ sense, not a vague ‘unfortunate condition’ — the forensic opposite of ನೀತಿವಂತಿಕೆ/ನೀತಿವಂತರೆಂದು ನಿರ್ಣಯಿಸುವುದು.
Heavenly Places
Approved rendering: ಪರಲೋಕಗಳಲ್ಲಿ
Transliteration: paralōkagaḷalli
Doctrine: Union with Christ; Spiritual Warfare and the Armor of God
Original: ἐπουράνιος (ἐν τοῖς ἐπουρανίοις)
Category: Eschatology
NEW. The realm of God’s throne, spiritual conflict, and the believer’s positional standing (1:3, 1:20, 2:6, 3:10, 6:12). Must render consistently at all five occurrences; distinguished from the multi-tiered loka cosmology of popular Hindu cosmography (svarga-loka, deva-loka, etc.) attained through merit — this is the singular realm of the one God’s throne, entered only through union with Christ.
In Christ
Approved rendering: ಕ್ರಿಸ್ತನಲ್ಲಿ / ಕ್ರಿಸ್ತ ಯೇಸುವಿನಲ್ಲಿ
Transliteration: Kristanalli / Krista Yēsuvinalli
Doctrine: Christian Identity in Christ
Original: ἐν Χριστῷ (Ἰησοῦ)
Category: Salvation
NEW. Paul’s signature union formula, locating the believer’s entire new identity, standing, and inheritance (used repeatedly throughout Ephesians 1-4), built on ಯೇಸು. A relational, not mystical-absorptive, union — distinct personhood retained, not dissolved.
Gift
Approved rendering: ಉಡುಗೊರೆ
Transliteration: uḍugore
Doctrine: Salvation by Grace through Faith
Rejected alternatives: ದಾನ
Original: δῶρον
Category: Salvation
NEW. A freely given, undeserved present, reinforcing ‘not of yourselves’ as the ground of salvation (2:8). ಉಡುಗೊರೆ (personal/relational gift) preferred over ದಾನ (religious almsgiving, which in common Kannada religious usage can itself generate merit/puṇya for the giver) — a subtle but real risk of importing a merit-generating framework into the very verse denying merit.
Medium Risk Terms
Apostle
Approved rendering: ಅಪೊಸ್ತಲ
Transliteration: apostala
Doctrine: Apostleship
Rejected alternatives: ಗುರು, ಜಂಗಮ
Original: ἀπόστολος
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package. Transliterated, established term; avoid ಗುರು/ಜಂಗಮ which imply self-attained teaching status. Ephesians occurrences: foundation of the church (2:20), one of Christ’s gift-offices (4:11).
Peace
Approved rendering: ಶಾಂತಿ
Transliteration: śānti
Doctrine: Peace with God
Rejected alternatives: ಮನಶ್ಶಾಂತಿ
Original: εἰρήνη
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Relational peace with God through justification, not psychological calm (ಮನಶ್ಶಾಂತಿ) sought through bhakti devotion or meditative discipline. Ephesians occurrences: ‘he himself is our peace’ (2:14), ‘gospel of peace’ (6:15), closing benediction (6:23).
Spiritual Gifts
Approved rendering: ಆತ್ಮಿಕ ವರಗಳು
Transliteration: ātmika varagaḷu
Doctrine: Spiritual Gifts
Rejected alternatives: ವರ, ಸಿದ್ಧಿ
Original: χάρισμα
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package. Always use the compound; not merit-earned powers or yogic siddhi. Ephesians occurrence: the general category underlying the specific gift-offices of 4:11 (‘grace was given to each of us according to the measure of Christ’s gift,’ 4:7).
Church
Approved rendering: ಸಭೆ
Transliteration: sabhe
Doctrine: Church as God’s People
Rejected alternatives: ದೇವಸ್ಥಾನ, ಗುಡಿ
Original: ἐκκλησία
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package. Never ದೇವಸ್ಥಾನ/ಗುಡಿ. Ephesians occurrences central to the book’s Body-of-Christ ecclesiology throughout (1:22-23, 3:10, 3:21, 5:23-32); note this term is one of three metaphors (church/body/temple) applied to the same referent — track consistency across all three across chapters 1-5.
Kingdom Of God
Approved rendering: ದೇವರ ರಾಜ್ಯ
Transliteration: Dēvara Rājya
Doctrine: Kingdom Mission
Original: βασιλεία τοῦ Χριστοῦ καὶ θεοῦ
Category: Kingdom
Inherited from Romans package. God’s sovereign reign, not a territorial or political kingdom. Ephesians occurrence: ‘no inheritance in the kingdom of Christ and God’ (5:5).
Gentiles
Approved rendering: ಅನ್ಯಜನಾಂಗದವರು
Transliteration: anyajanāṅgadavaru
Doctrine: Unity of Jews and Gentiles
Rejected alternatives: ವಿದೇಶಿಯರು
Original: ἔθνη
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package. Central to Ephesians’ unity doctrine (2:11, 3:1, 3:6, 3:8).
Intercession
Approved rendering: ಮಧ್ಯಸ್ಥಿಕೆ
Transliteration: madhyasthike
Doctrine: Prayer and Intercession
Original: δέησις / προσευχή
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans package. Ephesians occurrence: Paul’s request for prayer ‘for all the saints, and also for me’ (6:18-19).
Mission
Approved rendering: ಮಿಷನ್ / ಸುವಾರ್ತಾ ಪ್ರಸಾರ
Transliteration: miṣan / suvārtā prasāra
Doctrine: Mission to the Nations
Original: οἰκονομία / πέμπω
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package. Ephesians occurrences: Paul’s stewardship to the Gentiles (3:2, 3:8), his self-description as ‘ambassador in chains’ (6:20). ಸುವಾರ್ತಾ ಪ್ರಸಾರ preferred given colonial-era connotations of ಮಿಷನ್.
Israel
Approved rendering: ಇಸ್ರಾಯೇಲ್
Transliteration: Isrāyēl
Doctrine: Unity of Jews and Gentiles
Original: Ἰσραήλ
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package. Ephesians occurrence: Gentiles were formerly ‘alienated from the commonwealth of Israel’ (2:12).
Cornerstone
Approved rendering: ಮೂಲೆಗಲ್ಲು
Transliteration: mūlegallu
Doctrine: The Church as the Body of Christ
Original: ἀκρογωνιαῖος
Category: Church
NEW. Christ as the chief foundation stone determining the church-building’s alignment (2:20). Standard architectural metaphor; low-medium ambiguity.
Stewardship Of Grace
Approved rendering: ಕೃಪೆಯ ಉಸ್ತುವಾರಿ
Transliteration: kṛpeya ustuvāri
Doctrine: Salvation by Grace through Faith
Original: οἰκονομία τῆς χάριτος
Category: Church
NEW. Paul’s commissioned role in administering the revealed mystery to the Gentiles (3:2). Paul as trustee entrusted with distributing God’s grace-gift, not a self-appointed teaching authority.
Manifold Wisdom
Approved rendering: ದೇವರ ವೈವಿಧ್ಯಮಯ ಜ್ಞಾನ
Transliteration: Dēvara vaividhyamaya jñāna
Doctrine: The Mystery of Christ Revealed; Spiritual Warfare and the Armor of God
Original: πολυποίκιλος σοφία τοῦ θεοῦ
Category: God
NEW. God’s richly varied wisdom displayed to cosmic spiritual powers through the church’s existence (3:10). Ties directly to the spiritual-warfare theme of chapter 6.
Pastors
Approved rendering: ಸಭಾಪಾಲಕರು
Transliteration: sabhāpālakaru
Doctrine: Gifts for Building Up the Church
Rejected alternatives: ಗುರು
Original: ποιμήν
Category: Church
NEW. One of Christ’s gift-offices given to equip the saints (4:11). Guarded against collapsing into a guru-like personal-attainment office (cf. baseline’s caution on ಗುರು/ಜಂಗಮ); a Christ-appointed functional role within the one body, not an individually attained spiritual rank.
Teachers
Approved rendering: ಬೋಧಕರು
Transliteration: bōdhakaru
Doctrine: Gifts for Building Up the Church
Original: διδάσκαλος
Category: Church
NEW. One of Christ’s gift-offices given to equip the saints (4:11). Standard term.
Evangelists
Approved rendering: ಸುವಾರ್ತಿಕರು
Transliteration: suvārtikaru
Doctrine: Gifts for Building Up the Church
Original: εὐαγγελιστής
Category: Church
NEW. One of Christ’s gift-offices given to equip the saints (4:11), built on the established ಸುವಾರ್ತೆ root.
Equipping
Approved rendering: ಸಿದ್ಧಗೊಳಿಸುವಿಕೆ
Transliteration: siddhagoḷisuvike
Doctrine: Gifts for Building Up the Church
Original: καταρτισμός
Category: Church
NEW. The gift-offices’ purpose: preparing all the saints, not only office-holders, for the work of ministry (4:12). Corrects a clergy-only ministry misreading; must not be excerpted away from the office-name terms it governs.
One Flesh
Approved rendering: ಒಂದೇ ಶರೀರ
Transliteration: ondē śarīra
Doctrine: Household Codes and Christ-Centered Relationships
Original: μία σάρξ
Category: Household
NEW. OT (Genesis 2:24) marital-union language, cited to ground the Christ-church analogy (5:31).
Armor Of God
Approved rendering: ದೇವರ ಪೂರ್ಣ ಕವಚ
Transliteration: Dēvara pūrṇa kavaca
Doctrine: Spiritual Warfare and the Armor of God
Original: πανοπλία τοῦ θεοῦ
Category: Spiritual Warfare
NEW. Complete divine equipping for spiritual battle (6:11, 6:13). Standard compound built from established military-loan vocabulary (ಕವಚ, armor).
Word Of God
Approved rendering: ದೇವರ ವಾಕ್ಯ
Transliteration: Dēvara vākya
Doctrine: Spiritual Warfare and the Armor of God
Original: ῥῆμα θεοῦ
Category: Spiritual Warfare
NEW. Scripture as the Spirit’s offensive weapon in the armor of God (6:17).
Stand Firm
Approved rendering: ದೃಢವಾಗಿ ನಿಲ್ಲಿರಿ
Transliteration: dṛḍhavāgi nilliri
Doctrine: Spiritual Warfare and the Armor of God
Original: στῆναι / ἀνθίστημι
Category: Spiritual Warfare
NEW. Defensive firmness in an already-secured position (6:11, 6:13, 6:14), not aggressive conquest toward a victory not yet attained; consistent with Ephesians’ realized-eschatology emphasis (cf. 2:6’s ‘seated with him’).
Walk
Approved rendering: ನಡೆಯುವುದು
Transliteration: naḍeyuvudu
Doctrine: Walking in Newness of Life
Rejected alternatives: ಮಾರ್ಗ (as a gloss, e.g. ‘ಕ್ರೈಸ್ತ ಮಾರ್ಗ’)
Original: περιπατέω
Category: Sanctification
NEW. Paul’s signature ethical-conduct metaphor, recurring at 2:2, 2:10, 4:1, 4:17, 5:2, 5:8, 5:15 — must render identically at every occurrence. Never use ಮಾರ್ಗ-family vocabulary (bhakti-mārga, jñāna-mārga, karma-mārga, or the Lingayat shatsthala ascent-path); this is the lived-out fruit of a salvation already given, not one path among several toward attainment.
Trespasses
Approved rendering: ಅಪರಾಧಗಳು
Transliteration: aparādhagaḷu
Doctrine: Salvation by Grace through Faith
Original: παράπτωμα
Category: Sin
NEW. Concrete acts of wrongdoing (2:1), distinguished from ಪಾಪ (sin, the general condition) to preserve Paul’s doubled ‘trespasses and sins.‘
Riches
Approved rendering: ಐಶ್ವರ್ಯ
Transliteration: aiśvarya
Doctrine: Salvation by Grace through Faith
Original: πλοῦτος
Category: Salvation
NEW. God’s superabundant, freely given resource — grace, glory, inheritance (1:7, 1:18, 2:7, 3:8, 3:16). Render consistently at every occurrence.
Boast
Approved rendering: ಹೆಮ್ಮೆಪಡುವುದು
Transliteration: hemmepaḍuvudu
Doctrine: Good Works as Fruit, Not Foundation, of Salvation
Original: καυχάομαι
Category: Salvation
NEW. Taking pride in one’s own achievement as grounds for status/honor — excluded as a possible human response to salvation (2:9).
Rich In Mercy
Approved rendering: ಕರುಣೆಯಲ್ಲಿ ಐಶ್ವರ್ಯವಂತನಾದ
Transliteration: karuṇeyalli aiśvaryavantanāda
Doctrine: Salvation by Grace through Faith
Original: πλούσιος ἐν ἐλέει
Category: God
NEW. God’s abundant compassion toward those under judgment (2:4). Keep ಕರುಣೆ (mercy/compassion to the guilty) distinct from ಕೃಪೆ (grace/favor to the undeserving), used two verses later — Paul deliberately uses two different Greek words that must not collapse into one Kannada term.
Low Risk Terms
Thanksgiving
Approved rendering: ಕೃತಜ್ಞತಾಸ್ತುತಿ
Transliteration: kṛtajñatāstuti
Doctrine: Thanksgiving
Original: εὐχαριστία
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans package. Standard term, low risk. Ephesians occurrences: Paul’s own practice (1:16), instruction to believers (5:4, 5:20).
Fellowship
Approved rendering: ಅನ್ಯೋನ್ಯತೆ
Transliteration: anyōnyate
Doctrine: Christian Fellowship
Rejected alternatives: ಸ್ನೇಹ
Original: κοινωνία
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package. Shared participation in Christ, not mere social friendship. Ephesians occurrence: ‘the fellowship of the mystery’ (3:9).
Prophet
Approved rendering: ಪ್ರವಾದಿ
Transliteration: pravādi
Doctrine: Inspiration of Scripture
Rejected alternatives: ಜ್ಯೋತಿಷಿ
Original: προφήτης
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package. Ephesians occurrences: foundation of the church (2:20), gift-office (4:11).
Exhort
Approved rendering: ಪ್ರೋತ್ಸಾಹಿಸುವುದು
Transliteration: prōtsāhisuvudu
Doctrine: Mutual Edification
Original: παρακαλέω
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans package. Ephesians occurrence: ‘I therefore…urge you to walk worthy of the calling’ (4:1).
Referenced passages