Core Glossary
2 John — Core Glossary
Kannada Translation Risk Reference (Full-Book Term Inventory)
Curriculum: 2 John
Destination language: Kannada
Status: Extends translation_memory.json and bible_term_registry.json from the baseline Romans Language Package. All rows marked “TM reuse” MUST use the exact recorded baseline rendering. All new rows are proposed for addition to translation memory upon Phase 1 sign-off, per the baseline’s New Term Registration procedure (§ Translation Memory Load and Enforcement Instructions).
A. Reused Baseline Terms (Translation Memory — Exact Reuse Required)
| Term (English) | Greek | Kannada (TM) | Transliteration | Risk (baseline) | Doctrine link in 2 John | Verse(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Grace | χάρις | ಕೃಪೆ | kṛpe | High | Salutation greeting; grace-not-merit framing extends to “reward” (μισθός) discussion | 1:3 |
| Peace | εἰρήνη | ಶಾಂತಿ | śānti | Medium | Salutation greeting; relational peace with God | 1:3 |
| Father | πατήρ | ತಂದೆ | Tande | Critical | God as personal Father, source of the commandment and of grace/mercy/peace | 1:3, 1:4, 1:9 |
| God | θεός | ದೇವರು | Dēvaru | Critical | ”does not have God” — the stakes of abandoning Christ’s teaching | 1:3, 1:9 |
| Jesus | Ἰησοῦς | ಯೇಸು | Yēsu | Critical | The confessed incarnate one | 1:3, 1:7 |
| Christ | Χριστός | ಕ್ರಿಸ್ತ | Krista | Critical (via Messiah/Sonship/Deity entries) | “The teaching of Christ”; “Jesus Christ coming in the flesh” | 1:3, 1:7, 1:9 |
| Son of God (adapted: “Son of the Father”) | υἱὸς τοῦ πατρός | ದೇವರ ಮಗ (adapted: ತಂದೆಯ ಮಗನಾದ ಯೇಸು ಕ್ರಿಸ್ತ) | Dēvara Maga / tandeya maganāda | Critical | Eternal, unique Sonship — the very relationship the deceivers deny by rejecting the incarnation | 1:3 |
| Incarnation (doctrine name) | (ὁ λόγος σὰρξ ἐγένετο, cf. ἐρχόμενον ἐν σαρκί) | ದೇಹಧಾರಣೆ | dēhadhāraṇe | Critical | The letter’s central theological test (v. 7) | 1:7 |
| Election (root) | ἐκλεκτή / ἐκλογή | ಆಯ್ಕೆ (root, in ಆಯ್ಕೆಗೊಂಡ ಸ್ತ್ರೀ) | āyke | High | ”The elect lady,” “your elect sister” | 1:1, 1:13 |
| Fellowship (related noun) | κοινωνία (cf. verb κοινωνέω, treated separately below) | ಅನ್ಯೋನ್ಯತೆ (positive sense; NOT used for v. 11’s negative sense) | anyōnyate | Low | Christian Fellowship doctrine, contrasted with v. 11’s negative “partaking” | (contrast case) 1:11 |
| Gospel (background doctrine) | εὐαγγέλιον (not lexically present in 2 John but doctrinally presupposed) | ಸುವಾರ್ತೆ | suvārte | High | Background: “the teaching of Christ” presupposes and defends the gospel content | (implicit) |
B. New Terms Required by 2 John (Proposed for Translation Memory Addition)
| # | Term (English) | Greek | Transliteration | Kannada rendering | Kannada transliteration | Risk tier | Doctrine | Alternatives rejected | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Truth | ἀλήθεια | alētheia | ಸತ್ಯ | satya | High | Walking in Truth and Love | — (no viable Kannada alternative; risk lies in cultural association, not lexical choice) | Must be taught as revealed, relational, propositional content anchored in Christ’s person/teaching, not the impersonal metaphysical Absolute (Advaita’s Sat/Brahman) realized through self-effort. Pair consistently with ಬೋಧನೆ (teaching) and ದೇವರ ಮಗ. |
| 2 | Love | ἀγάπη / ἀγαπάω | agapē / agapaō | ಪ್ರೀತಿ | prīti | High | Walking in Truth and Love | ಭಕ್ತಿ (rejected — devotional surrender toward a chosen personal deity, devotee-initiated and often reciprocal/merit-conditioned, per baseline’s Faith entry) | Defined in-text as obedience to Christ’s commandment, not sentiment or mystical devotion. |
| 3 | Commandment | ἐντολή | entolē | ಆಜ್ಞೆ | ājñe | Medium | Walking in Truth and Love | ಧರ್ಮ (rejected — cosmic duty; already forbidden for “law” in baseline) | Specific relational charge from the Father, tied to love; not a legal-ritual code. |
| 4 | Walk (conduct of life) | περιπατέω | peripateō | ನಡೆಯುವುದು / ಜೀವಿಸುವುದು | naḍeyuvudu / jīvisuvudu | Medium | Walking in Truth and Love | ಮಾರ್ಗ ಅನುಸರಿಸುವುದು (avoided as primary term — risks assimilation to self-chosen mārga spiritual paths) | Obedient conduct within a given relationship/truth, not a self-chosen ascetic or devotional path. |
| 5 | World | κόσμος | kosmos | ಲೋಕ | lōka | Medium | Warning against Deceivers Denying the Incarnation | — | Single, unified sphere of human society/moral conflict; not the tiered loka cosmology of popular Hindu cosmography. |
| 6 | Deceiver | πλάνος | planos | ವಂಚಕ | vañcaka | High | Warning against Deceivers Denying the Incarnation | ಮೋಸಗಾರ (secondary option, more colloquial; ವಂಚಕ preferred for theological register) | Names deliberate theological misleaders about the incarnation specifically, not non-Christian neighbors generally. |
| 7 | Antichrist | ἀντίχριστος | antichristos | ಕ್ರಿಸ್ತ ವಿರೋಧಿ | krista virōdhi | Critical | Warning against Deceivers Denying the Incarnation | ಆಂಟಿಕ್ರಿಸ್ತ (transliteration alone, rejected as opaque to readers without explanatory compound) | Names direct theological opposition to Christ’s unique incarnation and lordship; must not be softened to “rival teacher.” |
| 8 | Confess | ὁμολογέω | homologeō | ಅರಿಕೆಮಾಡುವುದು | arikemāḍuvudu | High | Warning against Deceivers Denying the Incarnation | ಒಪ್ಪಿಕೊಳ್ಳುವುದು (acceptable secondary form; ಅರಿಕೆಮಾಡುವುದು preferred for consistency with formal confessional register, echoing Romans 10:9’s confession) | Specific, verbal, public doctrinal affirmation, not private sentiment. |
| 9 | Coming in the flesh | ἐρχόμενον ἐν σαρκί | erchomenon en sarki | ಶರೀರದಲ್ಲಿ ಬಂದ | śarīradalli banda | Critical | Warning against Deceivers Denying the Incarnation | ಅವತಾರವಾಗಿ ಬಂದ (FORBIDDEN — never ಅವತಾರ, per baseline) | Real, unique, permanent assumption of human flesh — the precise truth the false teachers of 2 John denied. Always pair with ದೇಹಧಾರಣೆ. |
| 10 | Reward/wage | μισθός | misthos | ಪ್ರತಿಫಲ | pratiphala | High | Perseverance in the Teaching of Christ | ಕರ್ಮಫಲ (FORBIDDEN in this sense — implies self-generated karmic merit; already rejected for “grace” in baseline) | Fruit of perseverance within a relationship of grace already given, not independently earned merit. |
| 11 | Go ahead / progress beyond | προάγω | proagō | ಮುಂದೆ ಹೋಗುವುದು | munde hōguvudu | High | Perseverance in the Teaching of Christ | — | Condemned, not commended, in this verse — the inverse of progressive-attainment spiritualities (Lingayat shatsthala advancement, Vedantic jnana-mārga ascent) familiar to the target audience. Requires theologian review at every occurrence. |
| 12 | Abide / remain | μένω | menō | ನೆಲೆಗೊಂಡಿರುವುದು | nelegoṇḍiruvudu | High | Perseverance in the Teaching of Christ | ಇರುವುದು alone (rejected — too weak/generic, loses settled-relational-permanence sense) | Settled, secure, relational continuance; not a preliminary stage to be spiritually outgrown. |
| 13 | Teaching/doctrine | διδαχή | didachē | ಬೋಧನೆ | bōdhane | High | Perseverance in the Teaching of Christ | — | Fixed, closed, apostolic deposit about the historical incarnate Christ; distinguished from vachana literature and Haridasa kirtane as open, evolving spiritual insight. |
| 14 | House/household | οἰκία | oikia | ಮನೆ | mane | Medium | Hospitality and Doctrinal Discernment | — | Narrow, doctrinally-triggered exception to hospitality; must not be generalized against non-Christian guests generally. |
| 15 | Greeting (“Greetings!“) | χαίρειν | chairein | ವಂದನೆ | vandane | Medium | Hospitality and Doctrinal Discernment | — | Withholding conveys doctrinal non-endorsement, not general discourtesy; culturally weighty given Kannada greeting customs (cf. ನಮಸ್ಕಾರ). |
| 16 | Share/partake (in evil) | κοινωνέω | koinōneō | ಪಾಲುಗಾರನಾಗುವುದು | pālugāranāguvudu | Medium | Hospitality and Doctrinal Discernment | ಅನ್ಯೋನ್ಯತೆ (FORBIDDEN here — reserved for the baseline’s positive “fellowship” sense; must not be used for this verse’s negative moral complicity) | Small acts of legitimation constitute genuine moral participation in another’s error. |
| 17 | Evil works | ἔργα πονηρά | erga ponēra | ದುಷ್ಟಕಾರ್ಯಗಳು | duṣṭakāryagaḷu | Low | Hospitality and Doctrinal Discernment | — | Standard vocabulary; connect to baseline ಪಾಪ (sin) as the broader category. |
| 18 | Elder | πρεσβύτερος | presbyteros | ಹಿರಿಯ | hiriya | Medium | (Authorial identity; supports all four core doctrines) | ಸ್ವಾಮಿ / ಗುರು (rejected — self-attained teaching-authority connotation, per baseline’s Apostleship entry) | Recognized pastoral office in submission to “the teaching of Christ,” not an independently authoritative guru role. |
| 19 | Elect lady | ἐκλεκτή κυρία | eklektē kyria | ಆಯ್ಕೆಗೊಂಡ ಸ್ತ್ರೀ | āykegoṇḍa strī | Medium | Divine Calling / Election (background) | — | Preserve referential ambiguity (individual matron vs. personified congregation); do not resolve in translated text. |
| 20 | Mercy | ἔλεος | eleos | ಕರುಣೆ | karuṇe | Medium | (Salutation; supports Grace doctrine) | — | God’s personal compassion toward specific believers in a specific danger, exercised by named divine Persons — not an impersonal, universally-diffused cosmic compassion. |
| 21 | Children | τέκνα | tekna | ಮಕ್ಕಳು | makkaḷu | Low | (Addressee identity) | — | Preserve productive ambiguity between literal and congregational “children.” |
| 22 | Sister | ἀδελφή | adelphē | ಸಹೋದರಿ | sahōdari | Low | Christian Fellowship (background) | — | Fellow-believer/sister congregation sense parallels “elect lady.” |
| 23 | Joy | χαρά | chara | ಸಂತೋಷ | santōṣa | Low | (Closing; relational tone) | — | Settled, God-given, relationally-rooted gladness, not generic happiness. |
| 24 | From the beginning | ἀπ᾽ ἀρχῆς | ap’ archēs | ಆರಂಭದಿಂದ | ārambhadinda | Low | Perseverance in the Teaching of Christ (background) | — | Fixed historical starting point (apostolic proclamation), not cyclical cosmic time. |
C. Risk Summary for 2 John
| Risk Tier | Count (new terms) | Review Routing |
|---|---|---|
| Critical | 3 (Antichrist; Coming in the Flesh; Son of the Father — reuse-adapted) | Human theologian — mandatory, every occurrence |
| High | 9 (Truth; Love; Deceiver; Confess; Reward/wage; Go ahead/progress beyond; Abide/remain; Teaching/doctrine; plus reused High-risk baseline terms) | Human theologian |
| Medium | 8 (Commandment; Walk; World; House; Greeting; Share/partake; Elder; Elect lady; Mercy) | Native speaker review |
| Low | 5 (Evil works; Children; Sister; Joy; From the beginning) | Automated review |
Escalation note for Phase 2: Per the baseline’s Escalation Rules for Human Review, verse 1:9 (containing both προάγω/“go ahead” and μένω/“abide,” directly touching Incarnation-adjacent Perseverance doctrine) and verse 1:7 (containing ἀντίχριστος and ἐρχόμενον ἐν σαρκί) must always route to human theologian review, with mandatory translator notes explaining the rejected ಅವತಾರ substitution and the inverted valence of “progressing beyond” received teaching relative to progressive-attainment spiritualities familiar to Kannada readers.
Critical Risk Terms
Father
Approved rendering: ತಂದೆ
Transliteration: Tande
Doctrine: Sonship and Deity of Christ / Grace, Mercy, and Peace
Rejected alternatives: ಸೃಷ್ಟಿಕರ್ತ
Original: πατήρ
Category: God
INHERITED FROM ROMANS PACKAGE — copied exactly. Named as the source of the commandment (1:4) and, alongside Jesus Christ, co-source of grace/mercy/peace (1:3); a personal, relational Father, never the abstract creator-principle.
God
Approved rendering: ದೇವರು
Transliteration: Dēvaru
Doctrine: Perseverance in the Teaching of Christ
Rejected alternatives: ಭಗವಂತ, ಪರಶಿವ
Original: θεός
Category: God
INHERITED FROM ROMANS PACKAGE — copied exactly. 2 John 1:9’s stark warning (‘the one who goes ahead … does not have God’) must retain full doctrinal force in Kannada, not softened toward a vague loss of religious merit.
Jesus
Approved rendering: ಯೇಸು
Transliteration: Yēsu
Doctrine: Denial of the Incarnation
Rejected alternatives: ಈಸಾ
Original: Ἰησοῦς
Category: Christology
INHERITED FROM ROMANS PACKAGE — copied exactly. The proper name whose real, permanent coming in the flesh the letter’s deceivers deny (1:7).
Christ
Approved rendering: ಕ್ರಿಸ್ತ
Transliteration: Krista
Doctrine: Messianic Promise / Perseverance in the Teaching of Christ
Original: Χριστός
Category: Christology
INHERITED FROM THE BASELINE AI TRANSLATION REQUIREMENTS’ transliteration standards (Christ = ಕ್ರಿಸ್ತ), not from a distinct translation_memory.json key in the Romans package, but enforced with the same non-negotiable priority. Used in ‘Jesus Christ coming in the flesh’ (1:7) and ‘the teaching of Christ’ (1:9); never treated as one avatar or guru figure among others.
Son Of God
Approved rendering: ದೇವರ ಮಗ (adapted for 2 John 1:3: ತಂದೆಯ ಮಗನಾದ ಯೇಸು ಕ್ರಿಸ್ತ)
Transliteration: Dēvara Maga (tandeya maganāda Yēsu Krista)
Doctrine: Sonship and Deity of Christ
Rejected alternatives: ದೇವಮಾನವ
Original: υἱὸς τοῦ πατρός (adapting the baseline’s υἱὸς θεοῦ)
Category: Christology
INHERITED FROM ROMANS PACKAGE, phrase adapted per 2 John 1:3’s specific wording (‘the Son of the Father’ rather than ‘Son of God’ generically). Full-phrase requirement retained: eternal, unique, co-equal Sonship, never a title of honor for an especially devoted human teacher (nearest Lingayat category: a Sharana who reached Aikya) nor one devotional lord among several in Haridasa bhakti practice.
Incarnation
Approved rendering: ದೇಹಧಾರಣೆ
Transliteration: dēhadhāraṇe
Doctrine: Denial of the Incarnation
Rejected alternatives: ಅವತಾರ
Original: ἐρχόμενον ἐν σαρκί (cf. ὁ λόγος σὰρξ ἐγένετο)
Category: Christology
INHERITED FROM ROMANS PACKAGE — copied exactly. Doctrine-name paired with the verse-level phrase ಶರೀರದಲ್ಲಿ ಬಂದ (see new term coming_in_the_flesh below) at 2 John 1:7, the letter’s central theological crisis. CRITICAL: never ಅವತಾರ — maximally salient here because the letter’s entire crisis is a denial of exactly the permanence and uniqueness ಅವತಾರ theology would import.
Antichrist
Approved rendering: ಕ್ರಿಸ್ತ ವಿರೋಧಿ
Transliteration: krista virōdhi
Doctrine: Antichrist and the Spirit of Denial
Rejected alternatives: ಆಂಟಿಕ್ರಿಸ್ತ
Original: ἀντίχριστος
Category: False Teaching
NEW TERM — the one genuine vocabulary gap identified for 2 John. No inherited Kannada word names ‘one who stands directly against Christ by denying his incarnation’; ಆಂಟಿಕ್ರಿಸ್ತ (bare transliteration) rejected as opaque to readers without Greek-derived vocabulary. Constructed compound ಕ್ರಿಸ್ತ ವಿರೋಧಿ keeps the established transliterated name ಕ್ರಿಸ್ತ intact while making the negation explicit (1:7). Must never be softened to a generic ‘rival teacher’ or ‘religious opponent.‘
Coming In The Flesh
Approved rendering: ಶರೀರದಲ್ಲಿ ಬಂದ
Transliteration: śarīradalli banda
Doctrine: Denial of the Incarnation
Rejected alternatives: ಅವತಾರವಾಗಿ ಬಂದ
Original: ἐρχόμενον ἐν σαρκί
Category: Christology
NEW TERM. FORBIDDEN alternative ಅವತಾರವಾಗಿ ಬಂದ — never ಅವತಾರ, per the baseline’s absolute prohibition, maximally salient here because 2 John’s entire crisis is a denial of exactly the real, unique, permanent assumption of human flesh ಅವತಾರ theology would undercut. Use ಶರೀರ (body/physical form), not ಮಾಂಸ (which reads crudely literal). Always pair with the doctrine-name ದೇಹಧಾರಣೆ.
High Risk Terms
Gospel
Approved rendering: ಸುವಾರ್ತೆ
Transliteration: suvārte
Doctrine: Gospel (background doctrine presupposed by 2 John)
Rejected alternatives: ಸುದ್ದಿ
Original: εὐαγγέλιον
Category: Salvation
INHERITED FROM ROMANS PACKAGE — copied exactly, no change. Not lexically present in 2 John but doctrinally presupposed by ‘the teaching of Christ’ (διδαχή, 1:9), which defends and transmits this same saving content.
Grace
Approved rendering: ಕೃಪೆ
Transliteration: kṛpe
Doctrine: Grace, Mercy, and Peace
Rejected alternatives: ಕರ್ಮಫಲ, ಪುಣ್ಯ
Original: χάρις
Category: Salvation
INHERITED FROM ROMANS PACKAGE — copied exactly. In 2 John 1:3 appears in a unique threefold salutation (grace, mercy, peace) ‘from God the Father and from Jesus Christ,’ unlike Paul’s usual twofold greeting; must remain a distinct, named gift, not flattened into a single generic blessing word.
Election
Approved rendering: ದೇವರ ಆಯ್ಕೆ (root ಆಯ್ಕೆ reused within ಆಯ್ಕೆಗೊಂಡ ಸ್ತ್ರೀ)
Transliteration: Dēvara Āyke
Doctrine: Divine Election of the Church
Rejected alternatives: ಹಣೆಬರಹ, ವಿಧಿ
Original: ἐκλεκτή / ἐκλογή
Category: Salvation
INHERITED FROM ROMANS PACKAGE — copied exactly. Root reused within 2 John’s ‘elect lady’ (1:1, see new term elect_lady) and ‘your elect sister’ (1:13); God’s sovereign, personal choice, never impersonal fate or destiny.
Truth
Approved rendering: ಸತ್ಯ
Transliteration: satya
Doctrine: Walking in Truth and Love
Original: ἀλήθεια
Category: Faith
NEW TERM. No viable Kannada lexical alternative exists; the risk lies in cultural association, not word choice. Advaita Vedanta uses Satya/Sat as an attribute or name of the impersonal Absolute Brahman, realized through meditative insight or self-effort. 2 John’s ἀλήθεια must be taught as revealed, relational, propositional content received ‘from the Father’ (1:4) and abiding permanently ‘in us forever’ (1:2) — not a cosmic Absolute a devotee comes to realize on his own. Always anchor to ಬೋಧನೆ (teaching) or ದೇವರ ಮಗ (Son of God); never leave as a bare abstract noun.
Love
Approved rendering: ಪ್ರೀತಿ
Transliteration: prīti
Doctrine: Love as Commanded Obedience
Rejected alternatives: ಭಕ್ತಿ
Original: ἀγάπη / ἀγαπάω
Category: Faith
NEW TERM. ಭಕ್ತಿ rejected — the devotional-surrender love a Haridasa devotee directs toward Krishna or a Lingayat devotee toward Shiva through the ishtalinga, devotee-initiated and often reciprocal/merit-conditioned. 2 John explicitly defines love as obedience to an already-given commandment (‘this is love, that we walk according to his commandments,’ 1:6), not a mystical or emotional devotional practice generating its own spiritual credit. Always keep the in-text definitional clause visible in surrounding teaching material.
Deceiver
Approved rendering: ವಂಚಕ
Transliteration: vañcaka
Doctrine: Antichrist and the Spirit of Denial
Rejected alternatives: ಮೋಸಗಾರ
Original: πλάνος
Category: False Teaching
NEW TERM. ಮೋಸಗಾರ noted as an acceptable but more colloquial secondary option; ವಂಚಕ preferred for theological register. Must clearly denote deliberate, active theological misleading about Christ’s incarnation specifically (1:7), never a synonym for an unconverted person or a sincere adherent of another Karnataka religious tradition.
Confess
Approved rendering: ಅರಿಕೆಮಾಡುವುದು
Transliteration: arikemāḍuvudu
Doctrine: Confession of Christ’s Incarnation
Rejected alternatives: ಒಪ್ಪಿಕೊಳ್ಳುವುದು
Original: ὁμολογέω
Category: Christology
NEW TERM. ಒಪ್ಪಿಕೊಳ್ಳುವುದು acceptable as a secondary form; ಅರಿಕೆಮಾಡುವುದು preferred for consistency with formal confessional register, directly paralleling the Romans 10:9 confession pattern (ಯೇಸು ಕರ್ತನಾಗಿದ್ದಾನೆ). Must convey a specific, verbal, public doctrinal affirmation of Christ’s coming in the flesh (1:7), never a private inner conviction.
Reward
Approved rendering: ಪ್ರತಿಫಲ
Transliteration: pratiphala
Doctrine: Forfeiture of Reward
Rejected alternatives: ಕರ್ಮಫಲ
Original: μισθός
Category: Perseverance
NEW TERM. ಕರ್ಮಫಲ (‘fruit of one’s actions/karma’) FORBIDDEN in this sense — already rejected in the baseline for ‘grace’ precisely because it implies an impersonal, self-generated merit economy. The ‘full reward’ of 2 John 1:8 is the fruit of persevering within a relationship of grace already given (the fruit of apostolic labor already accomplished), not merit independently earned by the believers’ own effort.
Go Ahead
Approved rendering: ಮುಂದೆ ಹೋಗುವುದು
Transliteration: munde hōguvudu
Doctrine: Perseverance in the Teaching of Christ
Original: προάγω
Category: Perseverance
NEW TERM. One of the most culturally sensitive terms in the letter: ‘going ahead/beyond’ into a claimed deeper spiritual attainment closely parallels the Lingayat/Veerashaiva shatsthala path’s progressive stages of ascent and the Vedantic jnana-mārga’s advancement through levels of realization. 2 John 1:9 inverts this entirely — going beyond the received apostolic teaching about Christ is condemned as losing God, not commended as spiritual maturity. Requires mandatory human theologian review at every occurrence with an explanatory translator note on the inverted valence.
Abide
Approved rendering: ನೆಲೆಗೊಂಡಿರುವುದು
Transliteration: nelegoṇḍiruvudu
Doctrine: Perseverance in the Teaching of Christ
Rejected alternatives: ಇರುವುದು (used alone)
Original: μένω
Category: Perseverance
NEW TERM. ಇರುವುದು alone rejected as too weak/generic, losing the settled-relational-permanence sense. Must convey settled, secure, permanent relational continuance in ‘the teaching of Christ’ (1:9), securing both the Father and the Son — never a preliminary stage the mature believer is meant to eventually outgrow (guarding against the shatsthala-stage-advancement pattern). Pair with ಮುಂದೆ ಹೋಗುವುದು as its condemned opposite.
Teaching
Approved rendering: ಬೋಧನೆ
Transliteration: bōdhane
Doctrine: Perseverance in the Teaching of Christ
Original: διδαχή
Category: Perseverance
NEW TERM. ‘ಕ್ರಿಸ್ತನ ಬೋಧನೆ’ (‘the teaching of Christ,’ 1:9) must be distinguished from the vachana literature of the Sharana poet-saints (revered mystical wisdom born of personal spiritual experience) and Haridasa devotional kirtane compositions — both genuinely treasured Kannada religious traditions but categorically different from a fixed, closed apostolic deposit about the historical incarnate Christ. Always qualify as ಕ್ರಿಸ್ತನ ಬೋಧನೆ rather than bare ಬೋಧನೆ.
Medium Risk Terms
Peace
Approved rendering: ಶಾಂತಿ
Transliteration: śānti
Doctrine: Grace, Mercy, and Peace
Rejected alternatives: ಮನಶ್ಶಾಂತಿ
Original: εἰρήνη
Category: Salvation
INHERITED FROM ROMANS PACKAGE — copied exactly. Third term in 2 John 1:3’s salutation; relational peace with God, not the inner tranquility sought through bhakti devotion or Lingayat meditative discipline.
Commandment
Approved rendering: ಆಜ್ಞೆ
Transliteration: ājñe
Doctrine: Walking in Truth and Love
Rejected alternatives: ಧರ್ಮ
Original: ἐντολή
Category: Faith
NEW TERM. ಧರ್ಮ rejected per the baseline’s existing prohibition (already forbidden for ‘law’/niyamaśāstra and ‘righteousness’). This is a specific relational charge received ‘from the Father’ (1:4), tied to love, never an impersonal cosmic-duty code.
Walk
Approved rendering: ನಡೆಯುವುದು / ಜೀವಿಸುವುದು
Transliteration: naḍeyuvudu / jīvisuvudu
Doctrine: Walking in Truth and Love
Rejected alternatives: ಮಾರ್ಗ ಅನುಸರಿಸುವುದು
Original: περιπατέω
Category: Faith
NEW TERM. Avoid ಮಾರ್ಗ (path) as the operative noun — risks assimilation to mārga as a self-chosen spiritual path (bhakti-mārga, jnana-mārga, or the Lingayat shatsthala ascent). 2 John’s ‘walking’ is obedient conduct within a relationship and truth already given (1:4, 1:6), not a self-chosen ascetic or devotional path toward self-attainment.
World
Approved rendering: ಲೋಕ
Transliteration: lōka
Doctrine: The World as Sphere of Deception
Original: κόσμος
Category: False Teaching
NEW TERM. Standard rendering; no better alternative exists. Kannada readers from Hindu backgrounds may associate ಲೋಕ with the tiered loka cosmology (bhūloka, svarga-loka, etc.). In 2 John 1:7, κόσμος is a single, unified, morally-charged sphere of human society into which deceivers ‘have gone out’ — not one tier among many cosmic realms. Keep surrounding context singular and unified; avoid enumerable-realm phrasing.
House
Approved rendering: ಮನೆ
Transliteration: mane
Doctrine: Hospitality and Doctrinal Discernment
Original: οἰκία
Category: Hospitality
NEW TERM. Straightforward term, but the doctrine surrounding it carries real cultural weight in Karnataka, where hospitality toward any religious teacher or guest (‘ಅತಿಥಿ ದೇವೋ ಭವ,’ ‘the guest is God’) is deeply held across Hindu, Haridasa, and Lingayat households. Translator notes must scope 2 John 1:10 narrowly: a doctrinally-triggered exception for a teacher actively denying Christ’s incarnation, not a general license for inhospitality.
Greeting
Approved rendering: ವಂದನೆ
Transliteration: vandane
Doctrine: Hospitality and Doctrinal Discernment
Original: χαίρειν
Category: Hospitality
NEW TERM. In Kannada social custom, withholding a greeting (comparable to withholding ನಮಸ್ಕಾರ) is a strong, pointed social signal. Preserve this force in 2 John 1:10, not softened, but clearly scope in surrounding teaching material to this one doctrinal circumstance rather than generalized interreligious discourtesy.
Partake In Evil
Approved rendering: ಪಾಲುಗಾರನಾಗುವುದು
Transliteration: pālugāranāguvudu
Doctrine: Moral Complicity in False Teaching
Rejected alternatives: ಅನ್ಯೋನ್ಯತೆ
Original: κοινωνέω
Category: Hospitality
NEW TERM. ಅನ್ಯೋನ್ಯತೆ FORBIDDEN here — reserved exclusively for the baseline’s positive ‘fellowship’ sense. 2 John 1:11’s negative κοινωνέω (moral complicity in another’s evil works through the small social act of greeting a false teacher) requires this distinct rendering so learners do not confuse godly fellowship with sinful complicity.
Elder
Approved rendering: ಹಿರಿಯ
Transliteration: hiriya
Doctrine: Pastoral Eldership
Rejected alternatives: ಸ್ವಾಮಿ, ಗುರು
Original: πρεσβύτερος
Category: Church
NEW TERM. ಸ್ವಾಮಿ/ಗುರು rejected — already flagged in the baseline’s Apostleship entry as importing a self-attained teaching status (the Lingayat ಜಂಗಮ office or a generic guru role). The Elder (2 John 1:1) writes as a recognized pastoral office in submission to ‘the teaching of Christ,’ not as an independently authoritative guru figure.
Elect Lady
Approved rendering: ಆಯ್ಕೆಗೊಂಡ ಸ್ತ್ರೀ
Transliteration: āykegoṇḍa strī
Doctrine: Divine Election of the Church
Original: ἐκλεκτή κυρία
Category: Church
NEW TERM. Reuses the baseline’s ಆಯ್ಕೆ root to keep the doctrinal election connection visible. Preserve the same referential ambiguity present in the Greek (individual matron vs. personified congregation, 2 John 1:1); do not resolve it in the translated text itself.
Mercy
Approved rendering: ಕರುಣೆ
Transliteration: karuṇe
Doctrine: Grace, Mercy, and Peace
Original: ἔλεος
Category: God
NEW TERM. ಕರುಣೆ is standard and correct, but is also the common Kannada/Sanskrit term for universal compassion in Buddhist and broader Hindu ethical usage (karuṇā as one of the four brahmavihāras). In 2 John 1:3 it must be understood as God’s personal compassion toward specific believers in a specific danger, exercised alongside ಕೃಪೆ and ಶಾಂತಿ by named divine Persons — not an impersonal, universally-diffused cosmic compassion.
Low Risk Terms
Fellowship
Approved rendering: ಅನ್ಯೋನ್ಯತೆ
Transliteration: anyōnyate
Doctrine: Christian Fellowship and Joy
Rejected alternatives: ಸ್ನೇಹ
Original: κοινωνία (root; cf. verb κοινωνέω used negatively in v. 11)
Category: Church
INHERITED FROM ROMANS PACKAGE — copied exactly. Reserved strictly for the POSITIVE sense of shared participation in Christ (implicit in the letter’s warm greetings, 1:1, 1:13). Must NEVER be used to render 2 John 1:11’s negative κοινωνέω (see new term partake_in_evil below); using the same root for both would blur the letter’s sharp moral contrast.
Evil Works
Approved rendering: ದುಷ್ಟಕಾರ್ಯಗಳು
Transliteration: duṣṭakāryagaḷu
Doctrine: Moral Complicity in False Teaching
Original: ἔργα πονηρά
Category: Hospitality
NEW TERM. Standard vocabulary, low ambiguity risk. Connect to the baseline’s ಪಾಪ (sin) as the broader theological category these ‘works’ (2 John 1:11) instantiate.
Children
Approved rendering: ಮಕ್ಕಳು
Transliteration: makkaḷu
Doctrine: (Addressee identity, supports Divine Election of the Church)
Original: τέκνα
Category: Church
NEW TERM. Standard, transparent term. Preserve literal family language in the text; explain the personification option (congregation members) in a footnote, not in the translation itself (2 John 1:1, 1:4, 1:13).
Sister
Approved rendering: ಸಹೋದರಿ
Transliteration: sahōdari
Doctrine: Christian Fellowship and Joy
Original: ἀδελφή
Category: Church
NEW TERM. Standard, transparent term. ‘Your elect sister’ (2 John 1:13) most naturally names a sister congregation, mirroring ‘the elect lady’ of 1:1; preserve the same referential ambiguity.
Joy
Approved rendering: ಸಂತೋಷ
Transliteration: santōṣa
Doctrine: Christian Fellowship and Joy
Original: χαρά
Category: Church
NEW TERM. Standard, well-established term. The Elder’s hoped-for joy (2 John 1:12) is explicitly relational and communal, tied to face-to-face fellowship and the congregation’s continued faithfulness — minor risk only of flattening into generic happiness, addressed through surrounding context.
From The Beginning
Approved rendering: ಆರಂಭದಿಂದ
Transliteration: ārambhadinda
Doctrine: Love as Commanded Obedience
Original: ἀπ᾽ ἀρχῆς
Category: Perseverance
NEW TERM. Standard temporal phrase (2 John 1:5, 1:6). Ensure it is not read as endorsing cyclical-time cosmology (contrast with the baseline’s caution about yuga-cycle time); here it marks a fixed historical starting point (the apostolic proclamation of Christ), not a recurring cosmic cycle.
Face To Face
Approved rendering: ಮುಖಾಮುಖಿಯಾಗಿ
Transliteration: mukhāmukhiyāgi
Doctrine: Christian Fellowship and Joy
Rejected alternatives: ಬಾಯಿಂದ ಬಾಯಿಗೆ (literal calque of ‘mouth to mouth’)
Original: στόμα πρὸς στόμα
Category: Church
NEW TERM. Natural Kannada idiom for direct, personal conversation preferred over a literal ‘mouth to mouth’ calque, per the baseline’s Idiom Handling guidance (2 John 1:12).
Forever
Approved rendering: ಎಂದೆಂದಿಗೂ
Transliteration: endendigū
Doctrine: Walking in Truth and Love
Original: εἰς τὸν αἰῶνα
Category: Faith
NEW TERM. Standard temporal-eternity phrase; low ambiguity. Truth’s permanence in believers (2 John 1:2) is grounded in God’s own eternity, not the believer’s own spiritual performance.
Send Greetings
Approved rendering: ವಂದನೆ ತಿಳಿಸು
Transliteration: vandane tiḷisu
Doctrine: Christian Fellowship and Joy
Original: ἀσπάζομαι
Category: Church
NEW TERM. Positive counterpart to the withheld χαίρειν greeting of 2 John 1:10; reinforces that the letter’s refusal of greeting is a targeted doctrinal exception, not a general posture — the Christian community otherwise readily ‘sends greetings’ between sister congregations (1:13).
Referenced passages