Core Glossary
Core Glossary — Titus
This glossary is an extension of the baseline Romans translation_memory.json. Section A lists baseline terms confirmed reused exactly (no changes). Section B lists new Titus-specific terms proposed for addition to translation memory, each with citation, risk tier, and reasoning. All Section B entries require the same Phase 2 escalation review indicated by their risk tier, per the baseline’s own escalation rules (Critical/High → human theologian; Medium → native speaker; Low → automated).
Section A: Baseline Terms Reused Exactly (Confirmed Present in Titus)
| Term (English) | Greek | Kannada (from baseline) | Risk | Titus Citations |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| God | θεός | ದೇವರು | Critical | 1:1,3,4; 2:11,13; 3:4,8 |
| Jesus Christ | Ἰησοῦς Χριστός | ಯೇಸು ಕ್ರಿಸ್ತ | Critical | 1:1,4; 2:13; 3:6 |
| Holy Spirit | πνεῦμα ἅγιον | ಪವಿತ್ರಾತ್ಮ | Critical | 3:5 |
| grace | χάρις | ಕೃಪೆ | High | 1:4; 2:11; 3:7 |
| faith | πίστις | ನಂಬಿಕೆ | High | 1:1,4,13; 2:2,10; 3:8,15 |
| righteousness | δικαιοσύνη | ನೀತಿವಂತಿಕೆ | Critical | 3:5 |
| justification (justified) | δικαιόω | ನೀತಿವಂತರೆಂದು ನಿರ್ಣಯಿಸುವುದು | Critical | 3:7 |
| salvation / saved | σωτηρία / σῴζω | ರಕ್ಷಣೆ / ರಕ್ಷಿಸು | Critical | 3:5 |
| apostle | ἀπόστολος | ಅಪೊಸ್ತಲ | Medium | 1:1 |
| called / calling | κλητός / κλῆσις | ಕರೆಯಲ್ಪಟ್ಟ / ಕರೆ | High | (implicit in ἐκλεκτῶν context, 1:1) |
| election / elect | ἐκλογή / ἐκλεκτός | ದೇವರ ಆಯ್ಕೆ | High | 1:1 |
| holy | ἅγιος | ಪವಿತ್ರ | High | 3:5 (πνεῦμα ἅγιον) |
| glory | δόξα | ಮಹಿಮೆ | High | 2:13 |
| peace | εἰρήνη | ಶಾಂತಿ | Medium | 1:4 |
| law | νόμος | ನಿಯಮಶಾಸ್ತ್ರ | High | 3:9 (μάχας νομικάς) |
| sin | ἁμαρτία | ಪಾಪ | High | (implied context, not a distinct noun occurrence but underlies ἀνομία, ἀσέβεια) |
| exhort | παρακαλέω | ಪ್ರೋತ್ಸಾಹಿಸುವುದು | Low | 1:9; 2:6,15 |
| adoption (conceptual parallel) | υἱοθεσία | ದತ್ತು ಪುತ್ರತ್ವ | High | (conceptually parallel to κληρονόμοι, 3:7) |
Section B: New Titus-Specific Terms
| Term (English) | Greek/Translit. | Category | Risk | Kannada Rendering | Definition | Rendering Notes / Reasoning | Citations |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Grace’s training | παιδεύουσα / paideuousa | Grace | Critical | ತರಬೇತಿ ನೀಡುತ್ತಾ / ಶಿಕ್ಷಣ ನೀಡುತ್ತಾ (ಕೃಪೆ, subject) | Grace itself actively disciplines/instructs believers toward godly living. | Must keep ಕೃಪೆ (grace) as the unambiguous grammatical subject of the training; never let this read as self-directed disciple’s ascent (Lingayat shatsthala, Haridasa sadhana under a guru). Mandatory translator note on every occurrence. | 2:12 |
| Appearing / Manifestation | ἐπιφαίνω / ἐπιφάνεια / ἐπεφάνη / epiphainō | Christology / Eschatology | Critical | ಪ್ರತ್ಯಕ್ಷವಾಯಿತು / ಪ್ರಕಟವಾಯಿತು (verb); ಪ್ರತ್ಯಕ್ಷತೆ / ಪ್ರಕಟನೆ (noun) | The historical in-breaking of grace/God’s kindness (past) and Christ’s future glorious return. | One consistent rendering-family required across 2:11, 2:13, 3:4 (and φανερόω at 1:3). Never suggest a repeatable avatar-style descent; extends baseline’s Critical ಅವತಾರ prohibition for “incarnation” into Second Coming/epiphany language. | 1:3; 2:11,13; 3:4 |
| Savior (personal noun) | σωτήρ / sōtēr | Salvation / Christology | Critical | ರಕ್ಷಕ | Christ (and God) personally named “Savior,” built on same root as ρಕ್ಷಣೆ. | Never render with a term suggesting bestower of ಮೋಕ್ಷ/ಮುಕ್ತಿ; must visibly share ರಕ್ಷಣೆ’s root for learner consistency. Occurs identifying BOTH God (1:3; 3:4) and Christ (1:4; 2:13; 3:6) as “Savior” — theologically load-bearing for deity of Christ. | 1:3,4; 2:10,13; 3:4,6 |
| Great God and Savior (Granville-Sharp construction) | μεγάλου θεοῦ καὶ σωτῆρος ἡμῶν Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ | Deity of Christ | Critical | ನಮ್ಮ ಮಹಾ ದೇವರೂ ರಕ್ಷಕನೂ ಆಗಿರುವ ಯೇಸು ಕ್ರಿಸ್ತ | Single grammatical construction identifying Jesus Christ himself as “great God and Savior.” | Must not allow Kannada syntax to split this into two referents (God, and separately, Savior Jesus). Flag for mandatory theologian review; direct extension of baseline’s deity_of_christ Critical doctrine. | 2:13 |
| Regeneration | παλιγγενεσία / palingenesia | Regeneration by the Holy Spirit | CRITICAL — highest risk term in book | ನೂತನ ಜನ್ಮ (explicitly NEVER ಪುನರ್ಜನ್ಮ) | The Spirit’s one-time act of granting new spiritual origin/life to the believer. | Greek root literally “again-birth” — closer etymologically to forbidden ಪುನರ್ಜನ್ಮ (cyclical rebirth) than almost any NT term. Mandatory translator note on every occurrence distinguishing single, Spirit-given new birth from repeated reincarnation cycle. Escalate to theologian review every occurrence, matching baseline’s resurrection protocol. | 3:5 |
| Renewal | ἀνακαίνωσις / anakainōsis | Regeneration/Sanctification | High | ನವೀಕರಣ | The Spirit’s ongoing renewing work, paired with (but distinct from) regeneration. | Keep distinct from παλιγγενεσία (one-time event) and from baseline’s ಪವಿತ್ರೀಕರಣ (ongoing sanctification, a related but not identical concept). | 3:5 |
| Redeem | λυτρόω / lytroō | Salvation / Atonement | High | ವಿಮೋಚನೆ / ಬಿಡುಗಡೆ | Christ’s self-giving to release believers from bondage to lawlessness. | Must not be rendered with ಮೋಕ್ಷ/ಮುಕ್ತಿ (forbidden for “salvation” in baseline) even though these are the most natural Hindu-formed-ear equivalents for “release/liberation.” Context-anchor: redemption is FROM lawlessness (ἀνομία), by Christ’s self-gift, INTO a purified people — not release from a cosmic rebirth cycle. | 2:14 |
| Godliness / ungodliness | εὐσέβεια / ἀσέβεια / eusebeia | Godliness | High | ದೇವಭಕ್ತಿ (godliness) / ಭಕ್ತಿಹೀನತೆ (ungodliness) | Reverent, practical, God-oriented piety flowing from truth already known. | Established Kannada Bible tradition often uses bare ಭಕ್ತಿ; recommend disambiguated compound ದೇವಭಕ್ತಿ given baseline’s existing caution about bare ಭಕ್ತಿ’s strong association with Haridasa Krishna-bhakti and Lingayat Shiva-devotion (rejected there as an alternative for πίστις/faith). Note this godliness is the fruit of ἐπίγνωσις ἀληθείας and grace’s training, not a generic devotional posture transferable to any chosen deity. | 1:1; 2:12 |
| Self-control | σωφρ- word family (σώφρων, σωφρόνως, σωφρονέω, σωφρονίζω, νηφάλιος) | Sanctification / Christian ethics | Medium-High | ಸ್ವಸ್ಥಚಿತ್ತ / ಆತ್ಮಸಂಯಮ | Sound-mindedness and self-mastery, expected of every household group in the letter. | Keep fully consistent across all 7+ occurrences; grace-produced virtue (2:12), not a special ascetic discipline reserved for spiritually advanced practitioners (contrast Lingayat/yogic self-discipline pursued for spiritual attainment). | 1:8; 2:2,4,5,6,12 |
| Treasured/own possession people | λαὸς περιούσιος / laos periousios | Church / Covenant | High | ಸ್ವಂತ ಜನರು / ಸ್ವಕೀಯ ಜನ | The redeemed community as God’s own treasured people, echoing OT covenant language now extended across Jew-Gentile lines. | Must not read as ethnic/caste-based chosen-people exclusivity; connects to baseline’s unity_of_jews_and_gentiles doctrine. | 2:14 |
| Good works (positive) | καλὰ/ἀγαθὰ ἔργα / kala/agatha erga | Sound Doctrine and Good Works | Critical | ಒಳ್ಳೆಯ ಕಾರ್ಯಗಳು | The visible fruit that necessarily follows justification and regeneration. | Recurs 2:7,14; 3:1,8,14 as REQUIRED fruit — must be sharply distinguished in context/footnote from the negative use at 3:5 (“not by works,” in reference to self-produced righteousness as the GROUND of salvation). Same Greek word-family, two theologically opposite functions within 4 verses; mandatory translator note wherever both senses appear near each other. | 1:16; 2:7,14; 3:1,8,14 |
| Works (negative, as false ground of salvation) | ἔργα (τῶν ἐν δικαιοσύνῃ) | Salvation by Grace not Works | Critical | ಕಾರ್ಯಗಳು (ನೀತಿಯ ಕಾರ್ಯಗಳು) | Human self-produced righteous deeds explicitly excluded as the basis of salvation. | Direct extension into Titus of baseline’s grace-vs-works escalation rule (mandatory theologian review); central to the doctrine “Salvation by Grace not Works” and the letter’s key verse 3:5. | 3:5 |
| Submit / be subject to | ὑποτάσσω / hypotassō | Submission to Authority | High | ಅಧೀನರಾಗಿರುವುದು / ವಿಧೇಯರಾಗಿರುವುದು | Voluntary, gospel-grounded submission — of citizens to rulers, wives to husbands, bondservants to masters. | Must not be confused with either involuntary caste-based subordination or a merit-earning submission producing standing before God (echoes baseline’s kayaka-dasoha caution). Flag for theologian review wherever governing a social-power relationship. | 2:5,9; 3:1 |
| Obey (authorities) | πειθαρχέω / peitharcheō | Submission to Authority | Medium | ವಿಧೇಯತೆ ತೋರಿಸು | Active compliance with civil authority, paired with ὑποτάσσω. | Pair consistently with ὑποτάσσω rendering. | 3:1 |
| Master (human, slave-owner) | δεσπότης / despotēs | Submission to Authority | High | ಒಡೆಯ | A human slave/bondservant’s owner-master. | Must be kept lexically distinct from κύριος (ಕರ್ತ, reserved exclusively/Critically for Christ’s Lordship in baseline) so human household authority is never confused with Christ’s unique divine sovereignty. | 2:9 |
| Elder | πρεσβύτερος / presbyteros | Qualifications for Elders | Medium-High | ಹಿರಿಯರು | A congregationally-recognized, character-qualified office of local church leadership. | Must denote an appointed office (καθίστημι, 1:5), not mere social seniority; distinguish from Hindu religious-office analogues (ಗುರು, ಜಂಗಮ) implying self-attained spiritual status rather than character-tested, congregationally-recognized office. | 1:5 |
| Overseer | ἐπίσκοπος / episkopos | Qualifications for Elders | Medium | ಮೇಲ್ವಿಚಾರಕ | Same office as πρεσβύτερος in this passage; a steward’s oversight function. | Confirm translation team treats this as identical office to πρεσβύτερος in 1:5-7, not a separate/higher office — key exegetical point. | 1:7 |
| Sound doctrine / sound teaching | διδασκαλία (ἡ) ὑγιαίνουσα / didaskalia hygiainousa | Sound Doctrine and Good Works | High | ಸ್ವಸ್ಥ ಬೋಧನೆ | Healthy, doctrinally reliable apostolic teaching, as opposed to myths/genealogies/controversies. | Consistent rendering required across 1:9, 1:13, 2:1, 2:2, 2:8; connects to baseline’s inspiration_of_scripture caution distinguishing apostolic teaching from vachana literature and Haridasa devotional compositions (genuinely valued locally, categorically distinct in claimed authority). | 1:9,13; 2:1,2,8 |
| Truth / full knowledge | ἀλήθεια / ἐπίγνωσις | Sound Doctrine | High | ಸತ್ಯ / ಪೂರ್ಣ ಜ್ಞಾನ | The specific, revealed, apostolic gospel content, not general spiritual insight. | Distinguish from gnosis attainable through disciplined meditation (contrast Lingayat/Veerashaiva mystical realization traditions). | 1:1,14 |
| Divisive person | αἱρετικὸς ἄνθρωπος / hairetikos anthrōpos | Avoiding Divisive Controversies | High | ಭೇದ ಉಂಟುಮಾಡುವ ವ್ಯಕ್ತಿ | One who stirs division within a congregation over speculative disputes (early usage, not yet the later technical “heretic”). | Do NOT use a ಪಂಥ-rooted term (sect/faction), given Karnataka’s religious landscape organized around historically significant panthas (Lingayat/Veerashaiva, Vaishnava/Haridasa sampradayas); would misdirect the verse toward inter-communal sectarian rivalry rather than Paul’s narrower pastoral concern. | 3:10 |
| Foolish controversies / genealogies / legal quarrels | μωραὶ ζητήσεις / γενεαλογίαι / μάχαι νομικαί | Avoiding Divisive Controversies | Medium | ಮೂರ್ಖ ವಾದಗಳು / ವಂಶಾವಳಿಗಳು / ನಿಯಮಶಾಸ್ತ್ರದ ಬಗ್ಗೆ ಜಗಳ | Speculative, unprofitable disputes to be avoided. | Reuse baseline’s νόμος = ನಿಯಮಶಾಸ್ತ್ರ (never ಧರ್ಮ) inside the “legal quarrels” phrase. | 3:9 |
| Hope | ἐλπίς / elpis | Eschatology | Medium | ನಿರೀಕ್ಷೆ | Confident, promise-grounded expectation, not wishful uncertainty or fatalistic waiting. | Distinguish from ಆಸೆ (mere wish) and from ಹಣೆಬರಹ-style fatalistic waiting (already flagged in baseline for providence). | 1:2; 2:13; 3:7 |
| Eternal life | ζωὴ αἰώνιος / zōē aiōnios | Salvation / Eschatology | Medium | ನಿತ್ಯಜೀವ | Ongoing personal existence and relationship with God as the redeemed goal. | Distinguish from ಮೋಕ್ಷ/ಮುಕ್ತಿ (already forbidden in baseline) — eternal life retains personhood and relationship, not liberation from personhood or a rebirth cycle. | 1:2; 3:7 |
| Mercy | ἔλεος / eleos | Salvation | Medium | ಕರುಣೆ | God’s compassionate response to human need/misery, distinct from grace’s emphasis on unmerited gift. | Keep distinct from ಕೃಪೆ (grace); both required as complementary terms in 3:5. | 3:5 |
| Heir | κληρονόμος / klēronomos | Adoption / Salvation | High | ವಾರಸುದಾರ | Full inheritance-right recipient through relationship (justification/adoption), not achievement. | Connects to baseline’s adoption doctrine (ದತ್ತು ಪುತ್ರತ್ವ); must convey full, not partial, inheritance right. | 3:7 |
| Servant of God | δοῦλος θεοῦ / doulos theou | Apostleship | Medium | ದೇವರ ದಾಸ | Paul’s total-ownership self-designation before God. | ದಾಸ carries Haridasa bhakti resonance (devotee-servant of a chosen personal deity); flag that here it denotes total ownership by the one true God through commissioned apostolic office, not one of several possible bhakti relationships. | 1:1 |
| Trustworthy saying (formula) | πιστὸς ὁ λόγος / pistos ho logos | Sound Doctrine | Medium | ನಂಬತಕ್ಕ ಮಾತು | Formulaic marker introducing a fixed doctrinal summary as reliable. | Render identically at every Pastoral-Epistles occurrence (1 Timothy, Titus) for cross-document consistency. | 3:8 |
| Adorn (the teaching) | κοσμέω / kosmeō | Sound Doctrine and Good Works | Medium | ಶೋಭಿಸುವಂತೆ ಮಾಡು | Household conduct visibly makes gospel doctrine attractive/credible to outside observers. | Preserve the vivid “beautifying” image; avoid a flat, merely functional rendering. | 2:10 |
| Reverent (elder women’s demeanor) | ἱεροπρεπής / hieroprepēs | Household Codes | Medium | ಪವಿತ್ರೋಚಿತ ನಡತೆಯುಳ್ಳ | Dignified, sacred-befitting conduct extended metaphorically to everyday behavior. | Clarify moral-relational dignity, not cultic/priestly office; consistent with baseline’s ಪವಿತ್ರ-vs-ಶುದ್ಧ distinction. | 2:3 |
Risk Summary for Titus-Specific Additions
| Risk Tier | Count | Review Routing |
|---|---|---|
| Critical | 8 | Human theologian (mandatory, every occurrence) |
| High | 12 | Human theologian |
| Medium | 9 | Native speaker review |
| Low | (standard vocabulary, not separately tabulated) | Automated review |
Highest-priority flag for Phase 2: παλιγγενεσία (regeneration, Titus 3:5) — the single highest-risk term identified in this analysis, given its literal root’s proximity to the forbidden ಪುನರ್ಜನ್ಮ. This entry should be added to the Titus-extended translation memory with the same absolute enforcement priority the baseline gives ಪುನರುತ್ಥಾನ (resurrection).
Critical Risk Terms
Righteousness
Approved rendering: ನೀತಿವಂತಿಕೆ
Transliteration: nītivantike
Doctrine: Salvation
Rejected alternatives: ಧರ್ಮ, ಪುಣ್ಯ
Original: δικαιοσύνη
Category: Salvation
CRITICAL: never ಧರ್ಮ. Inherited from Romans package. Titus 3:5 names this very word for the REJECTED category of self-produced deeds (‘works done… in righteousness’), reinforcing that ನೀತಿವಂತಿಕೆ itself must never be read as an earned, self-cultivated status akin to the Lingayat shatsthala path’s progressive ascent.
Justification
Approved rendering: ನೀತಿವಂತರೆಂದು ನಿರ್ಣಯಿಸುವುದು
Transliteration: nītivantarendu nirṇayisuvudu
Doctrine: Salvation
Rejected alternatives: ಕ್ಷಮೆ ಪಡೆಯುವುದು, ಪುಣ್ಯ ಗಳಿಸುವುದು
Original: δικαιόω
Category: Salvation
Compound phrase required; never abbreviated. Inherited from Romans package. Titus 3:7 ties this forensic declaration directly to inheritance (κληρονόμοι/ವಾರಸುದಾರ); the declared, not self-attained, sense must be preserved.
Salvation
Approved rendering: ರಕ್ಷಣೆ
Transliteration: rakṣaṇe
Doctrine: Salvation
Rejected alternatives: ಮೋಕ್ಷ, ಮುಕ್ತಿ, ಐಕ್ಯ
Original: σωτηρία / σῴζω
Category: Salvation
CRITICAL: NEVER ಮೋಕ್ಷ, ಮುಕ್ತಿ, or ಐಕ್ಯ. Inherited from Romans package. Titus 3:5’s ‘he saved us’ (ἔσωσεν) must use the ರಕ್ಷಣೆ/ರಕ್ಷಿಸು root; this passage is the letter’s densest concentration of this Critical vocabulary and must receive absolute enforcement matching the baseline.
Lord
Approved rendering: ಕರ್ತ
Transliteration: karta
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: ಸ್ವಾಮಿ
CRITICAL: reserved exclusively for Christ’s divine Lordship. Inherited from Romans package. Titus 2:9’s human δεσπότης (‘master,’ ಒಡೆಯ) must remain lexically distinct from ಕರ್ತ so household authority is never confused with Christ’s unique sovereignty.
Father
Approved rendering: ತಂದೆ
Transliteration: Tande
Doctrine: Adoption into God’s Family
Rejected alternatives: ಸೃಷ್ಟಿಕರ್ತ
God as personal Father. Inherited from Romans package. Occurs in Titus 1:4’s salutation, ‘Grace and peace from God the Father and Christ Jesus our Savior.‘
Jesus
Approved rendering: ಯೇಸು
Transliteration: Yēsu
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: ಈಸಾ
Established Kannada Christian standard name. Inherited from Romans package. Combined with ಕ್ರಿಸ್ತ as ಯೇಸು ಕ್ರಿಸ್ತ throughout Titus (1:1,4; 2:13; 3:6); see new jesus_christ entry for the combined form.
God
Approved rendering: ದೇವರು
Transliteration: Dēvaru
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Rejected alternatives: ಭಗವಂತ, ಪರಶಿವ
Original: θεός
Category: God
CRITICAL: avoid ಭಗವಂತ in doctrinally precise contexts; flag ಪರಶಿವ substitution risk. Inherited from Romans package. Titus names both God (1:3; 3:4) and Christ (1:4; 2:13; 3:6) ‘Savior’ (ರಕ್ಷಕ); the Lingayat-background mental-substitution risk is especially live given Titus 3:4-7’s tight Father/Spirit/Son saving structure.
Holy Spirit
Approved rendering: ಪವಿತ್ರಾತ್ಮ
Transliteration: Pavitrātma
Doctrine: Sanctification
Rejected alternatives: ಪರಮಾತ್ಮ
Original: πνεῦμα ἅγιον
Category: God
CRITICAL: never ಪರಮಾತ್ಮ. Inherited from Romans package. Titus 3:5 makes the Spirit the personal agent of regeneration and renewal (παλιγγενεσία, ἀνακαίνωσις); must be unambiguous that a personal divine agent, not an impersonal universal force, accomplishes this new birth.
Grace Training
Approved rendering: ತರಬೇತಿ ನೀಡುತ್ತಾ / ಶಿಕ್ಷಣ ನೀಡುತ್ತಾ (ಕೃಪೆ = ಕರ್ತೃ)
Transliteration: tarabēti nīḍuttā / śikṣaṇa nīḍuttā (kṛpe = subject)
Doctrine: Grace That Trains for Godly Living
Rejected alternatives: ಶಿಸ್ತು
Original: παιδεύουσα (παιδεύω)
Category: Sanctification
New Titus-specific term (παιδεύουσα, Titus 2:12). Grace itself, not human self-effort, must remain the unambiguous grammatical subject of the training verb. Grave risk of collapsing into the Lingayat devotee’s disciplined shatsthala ascent toward Aikya or a Haridasa devotee’s guru-led sadhana, both of which locate the trainee’s own effort as productive of spiritual advancement. Mandatory translator note required on every occurrence clarifying that grace trains from a position of gift already given (2:11), not effort yet to be rewarded. Escalate to human theologian review, every occurrence.
Appearing Epiphaneia
Approved rendering: ಪ್ರತ್ಯಕ್ಷವಾಯಿತು / ಪ್ರಕಟವಾಯಿತು (ಕ್ರಿಯಾಪದ); ಪ್ರತ್ಯಕ್ಷತೆ / ಪ್ರಕಟನೆ (ನಾಮಪದ)
Transliteration: pratyakṣavāyitu / prakaṭavāyitu (verb); pratyakṣate / prakaṭane (noun)
Doctrine: Epiphany of Grace and Glory (First and Second Appearing)
Rejected alternatives: ಅವತಾರ
Original: ἐπιφαίνω / ἐπιφάνεια / φανερόω
Category: Christology
New Titus-specific term (ἐπιφαίνω/ἐπιφάνεια/φανερόω; Titus 1:3; 2:11,13; 3:4). One consistent rendering-family required across all four occurrences so the once-and-once-more pattern (grace’s past historical appearing, Christ’s future glorious appearing) reads as singular and non-repeatable. Extends the baseline’s Critical incarnation prohibition (never ಅವತಾರ) into Second Coming/epiphany language, guarding against any reading of a repeatable avatar-style descent-and-return cycle. Escalate to human theologian review.
Savior
Approved rendering: ರಕ್ಷಕ
Transliteration: rakṣaka
Doctrine: Deity of Christ (Great God and Savior)
Rejected alternatives: ಮೋಕ್ಷದಾತ, ಮುಕ್ತಿದಾತ
Original: σωτήρ
Category: Christology
New Titus-specific term (σωτήρ), filling a gap left open by the Romans-only baseline, which recorded only the abstract noun ರಕ್ಷಣೆ. Built transparently on the ρಕ್ಷಣೆ root so the personal-agent noun visibly shares the already-Critical salvation root. Occurs identifying BOTH God (1:3; 3:4) and Christ (1:4; 2:13; 3:6) as ‘Savior’ — theologically load-bearing for the deity of Christ. Never render with a term suggesting a bestower of ಮೋಕ್ಷ/ಮುಕ್ತಿ.
Great God And Savior
Approved rendering: ನಮ್ಮ ಮಹಾ ದೇವರೂ ರಕ್ಷಕನೂ ಆಗಿರುವ ಯೇಸು ಕ್ರಿಸ್ತ
Transliteration: Namma mahā Dēvarū rakṣakanū āgiruva Yēsu Krista
Doctrine: Deity of Christ (Great God and Savior)
Rejected alternatives: ನಮ್ಮ ದೇವರು ಮತ್ತು ನಮ್ಮ ಪ್ರತ್ಯೇಕ ರಕ್ಷಕನಾದ ಯೇಸು ಕ್ರಿಸ್ತ (two-referent split rendering)
Original: τοῦ μεγάλου θεοῦ καὶ σωτῆρος ἡμῶν Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ
Category: Christology
New Titus-specific term. Titus 2:13’s Granville-Sharp construction (one Greek article governing both ‘God’ and ‘Savior’, both applied to the single referent ‘Jesus Christ’) is one of the NT’s clearest single-verse assertions of Christ’s full deity. Kannada syntax does not force single-referent readings as automatically as Greek’s shared article; the fixed appositional phrase above must be applied identically every time — any looser rendering reopens the two-referent ambiguity. Mandatory theologian review, every occurrence.
Jesus Christ
Approved rendering: ಯೇಸು ಕ್ರಿಸ್ತ
Transliteration: Yēsu Krista
Doctrine: Christology
Rejected alternatives: ಈಸಾ ಮಸೀಹ
Original: Ἰησοῦς Χριστός
Category: Christology
Extension of the baseline’s established proper-name form (ಯೇಸು) combined with the title ಕ್ರಿಸ್ತ, following established Kannada Bible convention. Recorded as a fixed combined form since Titus repeatedly names ‘Jesus Christ’ as both Savior (1:4; 2:13; 3:6) and, via the Granville-Sharp construction, ‘great God’ (2:13). Never substitute a form associated with a different religious tradition’s account of this figure.
Regeneration
Approved rendering: ನೂತನ ಜನ್ಮ
Transliteration: nūtana janma
Doctrine: Regeneration by the Holy Spirit
Rejected alternatives: ಪುನರ್ಜನ್ಮ
Original: παλιγγενεσία
Category: Salvation
HIGHEST-RISK TERM IN THE BOOK (παλιγγενεσία, Titus 3:5). The Greek root literally means ‘again-birth,’ placing it etymologically closer to the forbidden ಪುನರ್ಜನ್ಮ (cyclical rebirth/reincarnation) than almost any other NT term, including ἀνάστασις itself. NEVER render ಪುನರ್ಜನ್ಮ under any circumstance. Mandatory translator note on every occurrence clarifying this is a single, Spirit-given, one-time spiritual origination into new life in Christ, received once, not a soul’s repeated cycling through successive bodies, and not a stage toward eventual Aikya-style dissolution of the self. Escalate to human theologian review on every occurrence, matching the baseline’s resurrection-doctrine protocol exactly.
Works Negative
Approved rendering: ಕಾರ್ಯಗಳು (ನೀತಿಯ ಕಾರ್ಯಗಳು)
Transliteration: kāryagaḷu (nītiya kāryagaḷu)
Doctrine: Salvation by Grace not Works
Rejected alternatives: ಸಾಧನೆ
Original: ἔργα (τῶν ἐν δικαιοσύνῃ)
Category: Salvation
New Titus-specific term (ἔργα τῶν ἐν δικαιοσύνῃ, Titus 3:5). Direct extension into Titus of the baseline’s grace-vs-works escalation rule (mandatory theologian review). This is the negative pole of the same Greek word-family (ἔργα) used positively four verses later (3:8, see good_works); the rendering and any footnote must sharply distinguish ‘works as false ground of salvation’ (rejected here) from ‘good works as required fruit’ (commanded at 3:8,14). Especially urgent given the local kayaka-dasoha ethic in which disciplined sacred work is itself understood to build standing.
Good Works
Approved rendering: ಒಳ್ಳೆಯ ಕಾರ್ಯಗಳು
Transliteration: oḷḷeya kāryagaḷu
Doctrine: Sound Doctrine and Good Works
Rejected alternatives: ಪುಣ್ಯಕಾರ್ಯಗಳು
Original: καλὰ / ἀγαθὰ ἔργα
Category: Church
New Titus-specific term (καλὰ/ἀγαθὰ ἔργα; Titus 1:16; 2:7,14; 3:1,8,14). Same Greek word-family as works_negative above but functioning in the theologically opposite role; requires a mandatory translator note wherever both senses occur near each other (e.g., 3:5 vs 3:8) so the fruit/root distinction is never lost. Render consistently throughout.
High Risk Terms
Gospel
Approved rendering: ಸುವಾರ್ತೆ
Transliteration: suvārte
Doctrine: Gospel
Rejected alternatives: ಸುದ್ದಿ
Established Kannada Christian term (su- ‘good’ + vārte ‘news’). Avoid the generic ಸುದ್ದಿ (news), which lacks the technical sense of the one saving proclamation. Inherited from Romans package; underlies Titus’s entire theological structure, particularly the ‘sound doctrine’ (ಸ್ವಸ್ಥ ಬೋಧನೆ) that defends and proclaims this same gospel content against myths and speculation (Titus 1:1,9-14; 3:9).
Grace
Approved rendering: ಕೃಪೆ
Transliteration: kṛpe
Doctrine: Grace
Rejected alternatives: ಕರ್ಮಫಲ, ಪುಣ್ಯ
Original: χάρις
Category: Salvation
Unmerited favor apart from human merit. Distinguish from the Haridasa bhakti tradition’s devotional exchange and Lingayat kayaka-dasoha ethics. Inherited from Romans package. In Titus 2:11-12, ಕೃಪೆ is personified as the acting grammatical subject of the training verb (παιδεύουσα) — it must never cede grammatical agency to the believer’s own effort, which would collapse the doctrine into the Lingayat kayaka-dasoha ethic or Haridasa guru-led sadhana. See the new grace_training entry below.
Faith
Approved rendering: ನಂಬಿಕೆ
Transliteration: nambike
Doctrine: Faith
Rejected alternatives: ಭಕ್ತಿ
Original: πίστις
Category: Faith
Personal trust in Christ specifically. Inherited from Romans package. Occurs repeatedly across Titus (1:1,4,13; 2:2,10; 3:8,15) always with a specific, recoverable object (God/Christ/the gospel); never ಭಕ್ತಿ.
Called
Approved rendering: ಕರೆಯಲ್ಪಟ್ಟ
Transliteration: kareyalpaṭṭa
Doctrine: Divine Calling
Rejected alternatives: ಆಮಂತ್ರಿತ
Context-sensitive per baseline. Inherited from Romans package. Underlies the ‘elect’ language of Titus 1:1 (κατὰ πίστιν ἐκλεκτῶν θεοῦ).
Calling
Approved rendering: ಕರೆ
Transliteration: kare
Doctrine: Divine Calling
Rejected alternatives: ಆಹ್ವಾನ
Noun form for the act/state of being called. Inherited from Romans package; retained for cross-document consistency.
Holy
Approved rendering: ಪವಿತ್ರ
Transliteration: pavitra
Doctrine: Sanctification
Rejected alternatives: ಶುದ್ಧ
Original: ἅγιος
Category: Sanctification
Set apart for God and morally pure. Inherited from Romans package. Modifies ‘Spirit’ in Titus 3:5 (πνεῦμα ἅγιον); also underlies the caution given for ἱεροπρεπής (2:3, reverent_conduct) distinguishing relational holiness from ritual/priestly-office purity.
Election
Approved rendering: ದೇವರ ಆಯ್ಕೆ
Transliteration: Dēvara Āyke
Doctrine: Effectual Calling
Rejected alternatives: ಹಣೆಬರಹ, ವಿಧಿ
Original: ἐκλογή / ἐκλεκτός
Category: Salvation
God’s sovereign, personal choice. Inherited from Romans package. Titus 1:1’s ‘faith of God’s elect’ (κατὰ πίστιν ἐκλεκτῶν θεοῦ) directly reuses this doctrine.
Glory
Approved rendering: ಮಹಿಮೆ
Transliteration: mahime
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Rejected alternatives: ತೇಜಸ್ಸು
Original: δόξα
Category: God
God’s radiant honor. Inherited from Romans package. Titus 2:13’s ‘the appearing of the glory of our great God and Savior’ ties this term directly to the Granville-Sharp deity-of-Christ construction (see great_god_and_savior entry).
Law
Approved rendering: ನಿಯಮಶಾಸ್ತ್ರ
Transliteration: niyamaśāstra
Doctrine: Fulfillment of Prophecy
Rejected alternatives: ಧರ್ಮ
Original: νόμος
Category: Covenant
Torah/Mosaic law; NEVER ಧರ್ಮ. Inherited from Romans package. Reused inside Titus 3:9’s ‘quarrels about the law’ (μάχας νομικάς).
Sin
Approved rendering: ಪಾಪ
Transliteration: pāpa
Doctrine: Universal Human Accountability
Rejected alternatives: ಅಧರ್ಮ
Original: ἁμαρτία
Category: Sin
Moral transgression before a personal God. Inherited from Romans package. Underlies the ‘before’ picture of Titus 3:3 (slavery to passions), contrasted with 3:4-7’s saving appearance.
Adoption
Approved rendering: ದತ್ತು ಪುತ್ರತ್ವ
Transliteration: dattu putratva
Doctrine: Adoption into God’s Family
Rejected alternatives: ದತ್ತು ತೆಗೆದುಕೊಳ್ಳುವುದು
Original: υἱοθεσία (conceptual parallel via κληρονόμος, Titus 3:7)
Category: Salvation
Full son-status and inheritance, permanent relationship. Inherited from Romans package. Underlies Titus 3:7’s κληρονόμοι/heir language (see new heir entry) as the conceptual doctrine of full, permanent son-status and inheritance.
Renewal
Approved rendering: ನವೀಕರಣ
Transliteration: navīkaraṇa
Doctrine: Regeneration by the Holy Spirit
Rejected alternatives: ನೂತನ ಜನ್ಮ (used as synonym)
Original: ἀνακαίνωσις
Category: Sanctification
New Titus-specific term (ἀνακαίνωσις, Titus 3:5). The Spirit’s ongoing renewing work, paired with but distinct from the one-time new-birth event (ನೂತನ ಜನ್ಮ) named in the same verse; also distinct from the baseline’s ಪವಿತ್ರೀಕರಣ (sanctification), a related but not identical concept. Keep strictly distinct from both in every occurrence.
Redemption
Approved rendering: ವಿಮೋಚನೆ / ಬಿಡುಗಡೆ
Transliteration: vimōcane / biḍugaḍe
Doctrine: Redemption from Lawlessness
Rejected alternatives: ಮೋಕ್ಷ, ಮುಕ್ತಿ
Original: λυτρόω
Category: Salvation
New Titus-specific term (λυτρόω, Titus 2:14). Must NOT be rendered ಮೋಕ್ಷ or ಮುಕ್ತಿ, even though these are the most natural Hindu-formed-ear equivalents for ‘release/liberation’ and are already forbidden in the baseline for ‘salvation.’ Context-anchor: this redemption is FROM lawlessness (ἀνομία), BY Christ’s self-gift, INTO a purified good-works-zealous people — not release from the cosmic rebirth cycle.
Heir
Approved rendering: ವಾರಸುದಾರ
Transliteration: vārasudāra
Doctrine: Adoption and Heirship
Rejected alternatives: ಭಾಗಶಃ ಪಾಲುದಾರ
Original: κληρονόμος
Category: Salvation
New Titus-specific term (κληρονόμος, Titus 3:7), connecting directly to the baseline’s High-risk adoption doctrine (ದತ್ತು ಪುತ್ರತ್ವ). Must convey full, permanent inheritance right received through relationship (justification, regeneration), not a partial or provisional share, and not a stage on the way to eventual dissolution of individual identity as in the Veerashaiva Aikya state.
Godliness
Approved rendering: ದೇವಭಕ್ತಿ (godliness) / ಭಕ್ತಿಹೀನತೆ (ungodliness)
Transliteration: dēvabhakti / bhaktihīnate
Doctrine: Godliness
Rejected alternatives: ಭಕ್ತಿ
Original: εὐσέβεια / ἀσέβεια
Category: Sanctification
New Titus-specific term (εὐσέβεια/ἀσέβεια, Titus 1:1; 2:12). Established Kannada Bible tradition often renders εὐσέβεια with bare ಭಕ್ತಿ, but the baseline already restricts bare ಭಕ್ತಿ elsewhere given its strong association with Haridasa Krishna-bhakti and Lingayat Shiva-devotion. The disambiguated compound ದೇವಭಕ್ತಿ is required instead, with a translator note that this godliness is the fruit of ἐπίγνωσις ἀληθείας (specific apostolic gospel-truth) and grace’s training (2:11-12), not a generic devotional posture transferable to any chosen personal deity. Escalate to theologian review on first occurrence; native-speaker review thereafter.
Self Control
Approved rendering: ಸ್ವಸ್ಥಚಿತ್ತ / ಆತ್ಮಸಂಯಮ
Transliteration: svasthacitta / ātmasaṃyama
Doctrine: Household Order and Self-Controlled Conduct
Rejected alternatives: ಸಂಯಮ (bare)
Original: σώφρων / σωφρόνως / σωφρονέω / σωφρονίζω / νηφάλιος
Category: Sanctification
New Titus-specific term (σώφρων word-family: σωφρόνως, σωφρονέω, σωφρονίζω, νηφάλιος; Titus 1:8; 2:2,4,5,6,12). Keep fully consistent across all 7+ occurrences — a grace-produced virtue flowing from 2:11-12’s training, not a special ascetic discipline reserved for spiritually advanced practitioners as in Lingayat/yogic self-cultivation pursued toward siddhi or spiritual attainment.
Treasured People
Approved rendering: ಸ್ವಂತ ಜನರು / ಸ್ವಕೀಯ ಜನ
Transliteration: svanta janaru / svakīya jana
Doctrine: Universal Scope of Grace
Rejected alternatives: ಜಾತಿಬದ್ಧ ಆಯ್ದ ಜನ
Original: λαὸς περιούσιος
Category: Church
New Titus-specific term (λαὸς περιούσιος, Titus 2:14), echoing OT covenant language (Exodus 19:5) now extended across Jew-Gentile lines. Must not read as ethnic or caste-based chosen-people exclusivity; connects directly to the baseline’s High-risk unity_of_jews_and_gentiles doctrine. In Karnataka’s caste-conscious social context, this status must read as open to all who believe, not a birth-based privilege.
Submission
Approved rendering: ಅಧೀನರಾಗಿರುವುದು / ವಿಧೇಯರಾಗಿರುವುದು
Transliteration: adhīnarāgiruvudu / vidhēyarāgiruvudu
Doctrine: Submission to Authority
Rejected alternatives: ಜಾತಿ ಆಧಾರಿತ ಅಧೀನತೆ
Original: ὑποτάσσω
Category: Household Order
New Titus-specific term (ὑποτάσσω; Titus 2:5,9; 3:1). Must be grounded as a gospel-shaped, voluntary posture flowing from redemption already accomplished (2:14), never confused with either (a) involuntary caste-based subordination entrenched in Karnataka’s social structure, or (b) a merit-earning submission that itself produces standing before God, echoing the baseline’s Lingayat kayaka-dasoha caution. Flag for theologian review wherever this verb governs a social-power relationship (rulers, husbands, masters).
Master Despotes
Approved rendering: ಒಡೆಯ
Transliteration: oḍeya
Doctrine: Submission to Authority
Rejected alternatives: ಕರ್ತ
Original: δεσπότης
Category: Household Order
New Titus-specific term (δεσπότης, Titus 2:9). A human bondservant’s owner-master. Must be kept strictly lexically distinct from κύριος (ಕರ್ತ, reserved exclusively and Critically for Christ’s Lordship in the baseline), so that human household authority is never confused with Christ’s unique, undiminished divine sovereignty.
Elder
Approved rendering: ಹಿರಿಯರು
Transliteration: hiriyaru
Doctrine: Qualifications for Elders
Rejected alternatives: ಗುರು, ಜಂಗಮ
Original: πρεσβύτερος
Category: Church
New Titus-specific term (πρεσβύτερος, Titus 1:5). Must denote a congregationally-recognized, character-tested, appointed office (καθίστημι, 1:5), not mere social seniority by age, and must be clearly distinguished from Hindu religious-office analogues (ಗುರು, the wandering Lingayat ಜಂಗಮ teacher-office), which imply a self-attained teaching status rather than a delegated, examined charge. Anchor tightly to the appointment verb and character-list (1:6-9); never let the noun stand alone as a title.
Divisive Person
Approved rendering: ಭೇದ ಉಂಟುಮಾಡುವ ವ್ಯಕ್ತಿ
Transliteration: bhēda uṇṭumāḍuva vyakti
Doctrine: Avoiding Divisive Controversies
Rejected alternatives: ಪಂಥೀಯ ವ್ಯಕ್ತಿ, ಧರ್ಮಭ್ರಷ್ಟ
Original: αἱρετικὸς ἄνθρωπος
Category: Doctrine
New Titus-specific term (αἱρετικὸς ἄνθρωπος, Titus 3:10; early usage, ‘one who causes/chooses division,’ not yet the later technical sense of formal heresy). Do NOT use any ಪಂಥ-rooted rendering (sect/faction), given Karnataka’s religious landscape organized around historically significant panthas (the Lingayat/Veerashaiva pantha and its sub-divisions, various Vaishnava/Haridasa sampradayas); such a rendering would misdirect the verse toward inter-communal sectarian rivalry rather than Paul’s narrower pastoral concern for one disruptive individual within a single congregation.
Truth Knowledge
Approved rendering: ಸತ್ಯ / ಪೂರ್ಣ ಜ್ಞಾನ
Transliteration: satya / pūrṇa jñāna
Doctrine: Truth versus Myths and Speculation
Rejected alternatives: ಜ್ಞಾನ (bare)
Original: ἀλήθεια / ἐπίγνωσις
Category: Doctrine
New Titus-specific term (ἀλήθεια/ἐπίγνωσις, Titus 1:1,14). Names a specific, revealed, apostolic content, not general spiritual insight or gnosis attainable through disciplined meditation; distinguish from the mystical realization traditions central to Lingayat/Veerashaiva philosophy, and from the Sharana poet-saints’ vachana literature and Haridasa devotional kirtane, both genuinely treasured locally but categorically different in claimed authority.
Sound Doctrine
Approved rendering: ಸ್ವಸ್ಥ ಬೋಧನೆ
Transliteration: svastha bōdhane
Doctrine: Sound Doctrine and Good Works
Original: διδασκαλία ἡ ὑγιαίνουσα
Category: Doctrine
New Titus-specific term (διδασκαλία ἡ ὑγιαίνουσα; Titus 1:9,13; 2:1,2,8). Healthy, doctrinally reliable apostolic teaching, opposed to myths, genealogies, and divisive controversies. Consistent rendering required across all occurrences; connects to the baseline’s inspiration_of_scripture caution distinguishing apostolic sound teaching from vachana literature and Haridasa devotional compositions.
Medium Risk Terms
Apostle
Approved rendering: ಅಪೊಸ್ತಲ
Transliteration: apostala
Doctrine: Apostleship
Rejected alternatives: ಗುರು, ಜಂಗಮ
Original: ἀπόστολος
Category: Church
Transliterated, established Kannada Christian term. Inherited from Romans package. Titus 1:1 pairs this office with δοῦλος θεοῦ (ದೇವರ ದಾಸ, see new entry below), distinguishing commissioned office from a self-attained teaching status.
Peace
Approved rendering: ಶಾಂತಿ
Transliteration: śānti
Doctrine: Peace with God
Rejected alternatives: ಮನಶ್ಶಾಂತಿ
Original: εἰρήνη
Category: Salvation
Relational peace with God. Inherited from Romans package. Occurs in Titus 1:4’s salutation greeting.
Mercy
Approved rendering: ಕರುಣೆ
Transliteration: karuṇe
Doctrine: Mercy and Kindness of God
Rejected alternatives: ಕೃಪೆ (used interchangeably)
Original: ἔλεος
Category: Salvation
New Titus-specific term (ἔλεος, Titus 3:5). God’s compassionate response to human misery/need, paired with χάρις/ಕೃಪೆ as the letter’s two-fold description of God’s saving motive. Must be kept lexically distinct from ಕೃಪೆ; both are required as complementary, non-interchangeable terms in the same verse.
Eternal Life
Approved rendering: ನಿತ್ಯಜೀವ
Transliteration: nityajīva
Doctrine: Hope of Eternal Life
Rejected alternatives: ಮೋಕ್ಷ, ಮುಕ್ತಿ
Original: ζωὴ αἰώνιος
Category: Salvation
New Titus-specific term (ζωὴ αἰώνιος, Titus 1:2; 3:7), established Kannada Christian phrase. Distinguish sharply from ಮೋಕ್ಷ/ಮುಕ್ತಿ: eternal life retains ongoing personhood and relationship with God, not liberation from personhood or from a rebirth cycle.
Hope
Approved rendering: ನಿರೀಕ್ಷೆ
Transliteration: nirīkṣe
Doctrine: Hope of Eternal Life
Rejected alternatives: ಆಸೆ, ಹಣೆಬರಹ
Original: ἐλπίς
Category: Salvation
New Titus-specific term (ἐλπίς, Titus 1:2; 2:13; 3:7). Distinguish from ಆಸೆ (mere wish/desire) and from ಹಣೆಬರಹ-style fatalistic waiting, already flagged in the baseline for providence; biblical hope is certain because grounded in God’s own promise, not passive resignation to fate.
Obey Authorities
Approved rendering: ವಿಧೇಯತೆ ತೋರಿಸು
Transliteration: vidhēyate tōrisu
Doctrine: Submission to Authority
Original: πειθαρχέω
Category: Household Order
New Titus-specific term (πειθαρχέω, Titus 3:1). Pairs with ὑποτάσσω/submission as active compliance with civil authority; render consistently in the same fixed order as the Greek (submission, then obedience).
Overseer
Approved rendering: ಮೇಲ್ವಿಚಾರಕ
Transliteration: mēlvicāraka
Doctrine: Qualifications for Elders
Rejected alternatives: ಸ್ವಾಮಿ
Original: ἐπίσκοπος
Category: Church
New Titus-specific term (ἐπίσκοπος, Titus 1:7). The SAME office as πρεσβύτερος/ಹಿರಿಯರು in this passage (1:5-7), described in terms of its stewardship/oversight function — not a separate or higher office. This is a key exegetical point that translation teams must maintain.
Foolish Controversies
Approved rendering: ಮೂರ್ಖ ವಾದಗಳು / ವಂಶಾವಳಿಗಳು / ನಿಯಮಶಾಸ್ತ್ರದ ಬಗ್ಗೆ ಜಗಳ
Transliteration: mūrkha vādagaḷu / vaṃśāvaḷigaḷu / niyamaśāstrada bagge jagaḷa
Doctrine: Avoiding Divisive Controversies
Original: μωραὶ ζητήσεις / γενεαλογίαι / μάχαι νομικαί
Category: Doctrine
New Titus-specific term (μωραὶ ζητήσεις / γενεαλογίαι / μάχαι νομικαί, Titus 3:9). Reuses the baseline’s νόμος = ನಿಯಮಶಾಸ್ತ್ರ (never ಧರ್ಮ) inside the legal-quarrels phrase. ‘Genealogies’ (ವಂಶಾವಳಿಗಳು) risks reading as a caste/lineage-purity concern given Karnataka’s own strong genealogical and caste-lineage consciousness rather than Paul’s target (speculative Jewish genealogical myth-making); native-speaker review flagged for a possible contextualizing gloss.
Trustworthy Saying
Approved rendering: ನಂಬತಕ್ಕ ಮಾತು
Transliteration: nambatakka mātu
Doctrine: Sound Doctrine and Good Works
Original: πιστὸς ὁ λόγος
Category: Doctrine
New Titus-specific term (πιστὸς ὁ λόγος, Titus 3:8), a recurring Pastoral-Epistles formula marking a fixed doctrinal summary as reliable. Render identically at every Pastoral-Epistles occurrence (1 Timothy, Titus) for cross-document consistency, per the baseline’s own cross-document consistency principle.
Adorn Teaching
Approved rendering: ಶೋಭಿಸುವಂತೆ ಮಾಡು
Transliteration: śōbhisuvante māḍu
Doctrine: Good Works as Missional Witness
Rejected alternatives: ಬೆಂಬಲಿಸು
Original: κοσμέω
Category: Church
New Titus-specific term (κοσμέω, Titus 2:10). Household conduct visibly makes gospel doctrine attractive/credible to outside observers. Preserve the vivid ‘beautifying’ image (root of ‘cosmos’); avoid a flat, merely functional rendering like ಬೆಂಬಲಿಸು (‘support’).
Reverent Conduct
Approved rendering: ಪವಿತ್ರೋಚಿತ ನಡತೆಯುಳ್ಳ
Transliteration: pavitrōcita naḍateyuḷḷa
Doctrine: Household Order and Self-Controlled Conduct
Rejected alternatives: ಪುರೋಹಿತ ಸಮಾನ ನಡತೆ
Original: ἱεροπρεπής
Category: Household Order
New Titus-specific term (ἱεροπρεπής, Titus 2:3), required of older women. The root ἱερός (sacred/temple-related) could tempt a rendering suggesting ritual/temple-priestly status; clarify this describes moral-relational dignity of everyday conduct, consistent with the baseline’s distinction between ಪವಿತ್ರ (relational holiness) and ಶುದ್ಧ (ritual purity).
Proclamation Kerygma
Approved rendering: ಸಾರುವಿಕೆ / ಸಾರಿದ ಸಂದೇಶ
Transliteration: sāruvike / sārida sandēśa
Doctrine: Truth versus Myths and Speculation
Original: κήρυγμα
Category: Doctrine
New Titus-specific term (κήρυγμα, Titus 1:3). Emphasize authoritative, commissioned proclamation entrusted to Paul, not a personal teaching or philosophy offered as one option among several religious paths.
Servant Of God
Approved rendering: ದೇವರ ದಾಸ
Transliteration: Dēvara dāsa
Doctrine: Apostleship and Servanthood
Rejected alternatives: ದಾಸ (bare)
Original: δοῦλος θεοῦ
Category: Church
New Titus-specific term (δοῦλος θεοῦ, Titus 1:1), Paul’s total-ownership self-designation before God, distinct from the office of apostle named in the same verse. ದಾಸ carries strong devotional resonance in the Haridasa tradition (dasa = devotee-servant of a chosen personal deity such as Krishna/Vishnu); flag that here it denotes total ownership by the one true God through a commissioned, sent apostolic office, not a devotee’s chosen bhakti relationship among several possible personal deities.
Lawlessness Anomia
Approved rendering: ಅಕ್ರಮ / ಪಾಪಕರ ನಡತೆ
Transliteration: akrama / pāpakara naḍate
Doctrine: Redemption from Lawlessness
Rejected alternatives: ಧರ್ಮ
Original: ἀνομία
Category: Sin
New Titus-specific term (ἀνομία, Titus 2:14), willful transgression of God’s moral order, from which Christ redeems believers. Render descriptively; this descriptive use must not be confused with the baseline’s separate prohibition of ಧರ್ಮ as a rendering of νόμος/law itself — the two are distinct translation decisions, both retained here for clarity.
Low Risk Terms
Exhort
Approved rendering: ಪ್ರೋತ್ಸಾಹಿಸುವುದು
Transliteration: prōtsāhisuvudu
Doctrine: Mutual Edification
Original: παρακαλέω
Category: Faith
Context-sensitive per baseline. Inherited from Romans package. Occurs in Titus 1:9; 2:6,15.
Referenced passages