Core Glossary
08 — Core Glossary: 2 Thessalonians
A. Baseline Terms Reused Exactly (no modification permitted)
| Term (EN) | Kannada | Transliteration | Risk | Doctrine | Occurrences in 2 Thessalonians | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| gospel | ಸುವಾರ್ತೆ | suvārte | High | Gospel | 1:8, 2:14 | Baseline TM |
| grace | ಕೃಪೆ | kṛpe | High | Grace | 1:2, 1:12, 2:16 | Baseline TM |
| faith | ನಂಬಿಕೆ | nambike | High | Faith | 1:3, 1:4, 1:11, 2:13, 3:2 | Baseline TM |
| salvation | ರಕ್ಷಣೆ | rakṣaṇe | Critical | Salvation | 2:10, 2:13 | Baseline TM |
| lord | ಕರ್ತ | karta | Critical | Lordship of Christ | throughout (1:1, 1:7-9, 2:1, 2:8, 2:13-16, 3:1-5, 3:16-18) | Baseline TM |
| god | ದೇವರು | Dēvaru | Critical | Deity of Christ / God | throughout | Baseline TM |
| jesus | ಯೇಸು | Yēsu | Critical | Lordship of Christ | 1:1-2, 1:7-8, 1:12, 2:1, 2:14, 2:16, 3:6, 3:12, 3:18 | Baseline TM |
| holy_spirit | ಪವಿತ್ರಾತ್ಮ | Pavitrātma | Critical | Sanctification | 2:13 | Baseline TM |
| father | ತಂದೆ | Tande | Critical | Adoption / Fatherhood of God | 1:1-2, 2:16 | Baseline TM |
| sanctification | ಪವಿತ್ರೀಕರಣ | pavitrīkaraṇa | High | Sanctification | 2:13 | Baseline TM |
| peace | ಶಾಂತಿ | śānti | Medium | Peace with God | 1:2, 3:16 | Baseline TM |
| calling / called | ಕರೆ / ಕರೆಯಲ್ಪಟ್ಟ | kare / kareyalpaṭṭa | High | Divine Calling / Effectual Calling | 1:11, 2:13-14 | Baseline TM |
| glory | ಮಹಿಮೆ | mahime | High | Deity of Christ | 1:9, 1:10, 1:12, 2:14, 3:1 | Baseline TM |
| thanksgiving | ಕೃತಜ್ಞತಾಸ್ತುತಿ | kṛtajñatāstuti | Low | Thanksgiving | 1:3, 2:13 | Baseline TM |
| church | ಸಭೆ | sabhe | Medium | Church as God’s People | 1:1, 1:4 | Baseline TM |
| power of God | ದೇವರ ಸಾಮರ್ಥ್ಯ / ಸಾಮರ್ಥ್ಯ | Dēvara sāmarthya / sāmarthya | High | Power of God for Salvation | 1:9, 1:11, 2:9 (counterfeit use, see glossary note below) | Baseline TM |
| exhort/encourage | ಪ್ರೋತ್ಸಾಹಿಸುವುದು | prōtsāhisuvudu | Low | Mutual Edification | 2:17 | Baseline TM |
| sin | ಪಾಪ | pāpa | High | Universal Human Accountability | 2:3 (v.l. “man of sin”) | Baseline TM |
B. New Terms for This Curriculum
| Term (EN) | Greek | Transliteration | Kannada | Kannada Transliteration | Risk | Doctrine | Passages | Translation Notes / Alternatives Rejected |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Day of the Lord | ἡμέρα τοῦ κυρίου | hēmera tou kyriou | ಕರ್ತನ ದಿನ | Kartana dina | Critical | The Day of the Lord | 2:2 | CRITICAL: NEVER ಪ್ರಳಯ (cyclical Puranic cosmic dissolution) and never framed as “ಕಲಿಯುಗದ ಅಂತ್ಯ” (end of Kali Yuga). This is a single, linear, unrepeatable divine intervention, not a turn of a cosmic cycle. Built on established baseline ಕರ್ತ. |
| man of lawlessness | ἄνθρωπος τῆς ἀνομίας | anthrōpos tēs anomias | ಅಕ್ರಮದ ಮನುಷ್ಯ | akramada manuṣya | Critical | The Man of Lawlessness | 2:3 | Alternatives rejected: any ಧರ್ಮ-rooted coinage (ಅಧರ್ಮದ ಮನುಷ್ಯ) — carries caste-dharma resonance the baseline already excludes. Major flag: must not be conflated with the awaited Kalki avatar (Vishnu’s dharma-restoring tenth avatar) — a category-inverting error, since this figure is an anti-God deceiver, not a savior-restorer. Must also not be read as a mythological asura/rakshasa; he is a real future human individual empowered by Satan. |
| the lawless one | ὁ ἄνομος | ho anomos | ಅಕ್ರಮಿ | akrami | Critical | The Man of Lawlessness | 2:8 | Shortened form of the above; same root ಅಕ್ರಮ must be retained for consistency. |
| lawlessness | ἀνομία | anomia | ಅಕ್ರಮ | akrama | Critical | The Man of Lawlessness | 2:3, 2:7 | Standard secular Kannada word for illegality/lawlessness/disorder; deliberately chosen over ಅಧರ್ಮ to avoid dharma/caste-duty connotations, consistent with the baseline’s existing exclusion of ಧರ್ಮ from “law” and “sin.” |
| son of destruction | υἱὸς τῆς ἀπωλείας | huios tēs apōleias | ನಾಶದ ಪುತ್ರ | nāśada putra | Critical | The Man of Lawlessness | 2:3 | Keep ನಾಶ (ongoing ruin/perdition) distinct from ವಿನಾಶ (the specific destruction-event in 1:9). Structurally parallels ದೇವರ ಮಗ (Son of God) — an intentional antithetical parody; context must prevent confusion of the two figures. |
| the restrainer (impersonal) | τὸ κατέχον | to katechon | ತಡೆಯುವಂಥದ್ದು | taḍeyuvanthaddu | Critical | The Man of Lawlessness | 2:6 | New, unique term with no baseline precedent. Preserve the impersonal/personal contrast with ὁ κατέχων (below) via pronoun choice (ಅದು “it”) rather than resolving the interpretive debate over the Restrainer’s identity. Avoid framing as an impersonal karma-like cosmic balancing force. |
| the restrainer (personal) | ὁ κατέχων | ho katechōn | ತಡೆಯುವವನು | taḍeyuvavanu | Critical | The Man of Lawlessness | 2:7 | Paired with τὸ κατέχον; use pronoun ಅವನು (“he”) to mark the shift to a personal agent. Same ತಡೆ- root required in both forms. |
| apostasy / rebellion | ἀποστασία | apostasia | ವಿಶ್ವಾಸದ್ರೋಹ | viśvāsadrōha | Critical | The Man of Lawlessness / Day of the Lord | 2:3 | New coinage. Alternatives rejected: ಧರ್ಮಭ್ರಷ್ಟತೆ (dharma-rooted); any ತ್ಯಾಗ-based rendering (risks sounding like praiseworthy ascetic renunciation rather than culpable defection). ದ್ರೋಹ (betrayal/treason) correctly signals wrongdoing. |
| coming / arrival (parousia) | παρουσία | parousia | ಆಗಮನ | āgamana | Critical | The Day of the Lord | 2:1, 2:8 (Christ), 2:9 (the lawless one) | Must be the SAME Kannada word for both Christ’s coming and the lawless one’s coming — the identical vocabulary is Paul’s deliberate parody structure and must not be smoothed away by using ಪುನರಾಗಮನ (“return”) only for Christ. |
| appearing / manifestation (epiphaneia) | ἐπιφάνεια | epiphaneia | ಪ್ರತ್ಯಕ್ಷತೆ | pratyakṣate | High | The Day of the Lord | 2:8 | Kept distinct from ಆಗಮನ (parousia) in the compound “ಆತನ ಆಗಮನದ ಪ್ರತ್ಯಕ್ಷತೆ” — the doubling of terms is itself meaningful (visible, unmistakable manifestation vs. the lawless one’s hidden “mystery” operation). |
| mystery | μυστήριον | mystērion | ರಹಸ್ಯ | rahasya | Medium-High | The Man of Lawlessness | 2:7 | Standard established Bible word; note risk of tantric/esoteric-gnosis overtones (guhya rahasya) in wider Hindu usage — clarify this is a disclosed divine plan, not privileged secret knowledge for initiates. |
| working / operation (energeia) | ἐνέργεια / ἐνεργέω | energeia / energeō | ಕಾರ್ಯಾಚರಣೆ | kāryācaraṇe | High | The Man of Lawlessness | 2:7, 2:9, 2:11 | NEVER ಶಕ್ತಿ (reinforces baseline’s Shakta-avoidance logic; here applied to Satan’s and God’s judicial “working,” making the caution even more important). |
| Satan | Σατανᾶς | Satanas | ಸೈತಾನ | Saitāna | High | The Man of Lawlessness | 2:9 | Established Kannada Christian transliteration; personal malevolent being, not an impersonal evil-principle. |
| power (dynamis, of the lawless one) | δύναμις | dynamis | ಸಾಮರ್ಥ್ಯ | sāmarthya | High | The Man of Lawlessness | 2:9 | Deliberately reuses the baseline’s “power of God” term because Paul intentionally uses identical vocabulary to depict Satan’s counterfeit/parody of divine power. Translator note required so this reuse is understood as intentional mimicry, not error. |
| signs and wonders | σημεῖα καὶ τέρατα | sēmeia kai terata | ಸೂಚಕಕಾರ್ಯಗಳು ಮತ್ತು ಅದ್ಭುತಕಾರ್ಯಗಳು | sūcakakāryagaḷu mattu adbhutakāryagaḷu | High | The Man of Lawlessness | 2:9 | Risk of being read as validating godman/guru miracle-claims (siddhis); the qualifier “of falsehood” (ಸುಳ್ಳಿನ) must remain emphatically attached. |
| falsehood / lie | ψεῦδος | pseudos | ಸುಳ್ಳು | suḷḷu | Medium | The Man of Lawlessness | 2:9, 2:11 | Standard; ensure grammatical attachment to “signs and wonders” (2:9) and “the lie” (2:11) is clear. |
| deception | ἀπάτη | apatē | ವಂಚನೆ | vañcane | Low-Medium | The Man of Lawlessness | 2:10 | Standard. |
| unrighteousness | ἀδικία | adikia | ಅನೀತಿ | anīti | High | God’s Righteous Judgment | 2:10, 2:12 | Direct antonym built on baseline ನೀತಿ root; preserves the righteousness/unrighteousness antithesis running through the whole NT curriculum. |
| truth | ἀλήθεια | alētheia | ಸತ್ಯ | satya | Medium-High | The Man of Lawlessness / God’s Righteous Judgment | 2:10, 2:12, 2:13 | Standard word, but risk of collapsing into the impersonal Vedantic Absolute (Satya as ultimate Reality); clarify this is specific, personal, gospel-content truth requiring belief and love. |
| delusion / strong delusion | ἐνέργεια πλάνης | energeia planēs | ಭ್ರಮೆಯ ಕಾರ್ಯಾಚರಣೆ | bhrameya kāryācaraṇe | Critical | God’s Righteous Judgment | 2:11 | πλάνη → ಭ್ರಮೆ. CRITICAL: must not be read as a metaphysical claim resembling Advaita Vedanta’s māyā (illusory nature of reality); this is a specific, judicial, morally-conditioned hardening, not an ontological category. |
| judged / judgment (krinō/krisis) | κρίνω / κρίσις | krinō / krisis | ನ್ಯಾಯತೀರ್ಪು (ಹೊಂದುವುದು) | nyāyatīrpu (honduvudu) | High | God’s Righteous Judgment | 1:5, 2:12 | Forensic condemnation vocabulary; keep the ನೀತಿ root visible in “ನೀತಿಯುತ ನ್ಯಾಯತೀರ್ಪು” (righteous judgment, 1:5) to connect to the Critical baseline righteousness/justification doctrine family. |
| recompense / repay | ἀνταποδίδωμι | antapodidōmi | ಪ್ರತಿಫಲ ನೀಡುವುದು | pratiphala nīḍuvudu | High | God’s Righteous Judgment | 1:6 | Risk of karma-phala (impersonal fruit-of-karma) association; must be read as a personal God’s deliberate judicial act. |
| vengeance / retribution | ἐκδίκησις | ekdikēsis | ಪ್ರತೀಕಾರ | pratīkāra | High | God’s Righteous Judgment | 1:8 | Must be God’s own righteous judicial act (cf. Romans 12:19 precedent), not endorsement of personal revenge nor impersonal karma. |
| eternal destruction | ὄλεθρος αἰώνιος | olethros aiōnios | ಶಾಶ್ವತ ವಿನಾಶ | śāśvata vināśa | Critical | God’s Righteous Judgment | 1:9 | Kept distinct from ನಾಶ (ch. 2’s ἀπώλεια). Must not be assimilated to temporary purgatorial/karmic-cycle punishment (e.g., naraka before rebirth); this is final and unending, and relational (separation “from the presence of the Lord”). |
| presence/face of the Lord | πρόσωπον τοῦ κυρίου | prosōpon tou kyriou | ಕರ್ತನ ಸನ್ನಿಧಿ | kartana sannidhi | Medium-High | God’s Righteous Judgment | 1:9 | ಸನ್ನಿಧಿ also denotes a deity’s localized presence in Hindu temple worship; clarify this is Christ’s personal relational presence, not a site-bound cultic presence. |
| endurance / perseverance | ὑπομονή | hypomonē | ಸಹನೆ | sahane | High | Perseverance under Persecution | 1:4, 3:5 | Risk of conflation with tapas-like ascetic self-endurance pursued for merit/liberation; biblical endurance is hope-anchored and Spirit-empowered, grounded in Christ’s promised return, not self-generated austerity. |
| persecution | διωγμός | diōgmos | ಹಿಂಸೆ | hiṃse | Medium | Perseverance under Persecution | 1:4 | Standard; also means “violence” generally, disambiguated by context. |
| affliction / tribulation | θλῖψις | thlipsis | ಸಂಕಟ | saṅkaṭa | Low-Medium | Perseverance under Persecution | 1:4, 1:6-7 | Standard. |
| love | ἀγάπη | agapē | ಪ್ರೀತಿ | prīti | Low-Medium | Perseverance under Persecution | 1:3, 2:10, 3:5 | Standard established Kannada Christian word; context should reinforce selfless, familial-covenantal sense over romantic connotation. |
| stand firm | στήκετε | stēkete | ಸ್ಥಿರವಾಗಿ ನಿಲ್ಲಿರಿ | sthiravāgi nilliri | High | Standing Firm in the Traditions | 2:15 | Active, hope-filled firmness, not passive fatalistic resignation; share ಸ್ಥಿರ root with ಸ್ಥಿರಗೊಳಿಸು (below) to preserve Paul’s verbal link between the command and the promise. |
| traditions | παράδοσις | paradosis | ಸಂಪ್ರದಾಯಗಳು | sampradāyagaḷu | Critical | Standing Firm in the Traditions | 2:15, 3:6 | HIGHEST cross-cultural collision risk in this curriculum: ಸಂಪ್ರದಾಯ is the exact term for the Madhva Sampradaya, the Haridasa bhakti lineage-tradition (centered at Udupi) already flagged in the Romans baseline. Requires explanatory gloss at first occurrence (“ಅಪೊಸ್ತಲರಿಂದ ಬಂದ ಬೋಧನೆಗಳು” — teachings that came from the apostles) to anchor the term to unique apostolic authority rather than an ongoing human teaching-lineage. Must be rendered identically in both 2:15 and 3:6 to preserve Paul’s own inclusio. |
| establish / strengthen | στηρίζω | stērizō | ಸ್ಥಿರಗೊಳಿಸು | sthiragoḷisu | Medium | Standing Firm in the Traditions | 2:17, 3:3 | Shares ಸ್ಥಿರ root with στήκετε; God’s establishing work answers the command to stand firm. |
| the evil one | ὁ πονηρός | ho ponēros | ದುಷ್ಟನು | duṣṭanu | High | The Man of Lawlessness / Perseverance under Persecution | 3:3 | Personal reference to Satan (parallel to 2:9’s ಸೈತಾನ); must not be read as an impersonal principle of evil (as in some philosophical Hindu frameworks). |
| disorderly / idle conduct | ἀτάκτως (περιπατέω) | ataktōs (peripateō) | ಅಶಿಸ್ತಿನಿಂದ ನಡೆಯುವುದು | aśistininda naḍeyuvudu | High | Standing Firm in the Traditions | 3:6, 3:11 | Directly links to παράδοσις in 3:6 (“not according to the tradition you received”) — reuse ಸಂಪ್ರದಾಯ there to preserve Paul’s own connection between ch. 2’s doctrine and ch. 3’s practical exhortation. |
| busybody (wordplay) | περιεργάζομαι | periergazomai | ಇತರರ ವಿಷಯದಲ್ಲಿ ತಲೆಹಾಕುವುದು | itarara viṣayadalli talehākuvudu | Medium | Standing Firm in the Traditions | 3:11 | Greek wordplay with ἐργάζομαι (“work”) is lost in Kannada; recommend translator’s note preserving the rhetorical contrast. |
| withdraw association (church discipline) | συναναμίγνυμαι | synanamignymai | ಸಹವಾಸ ಮಾಡದಿರುವುದು | sahavāsa māḍadiruvudu | Medium | Standing Firm in the Traditions | 3:14 | Restorative discipline aimed at repentance (3:14-15), not permanent excommunication; sensitive given caste-exclusion associations of “social separation” language in Indian context — treat “as a brother,” not “as an enemy” (3:15). |
| righteous judgment | δικαία κρίσις | dikaia krisis | ನೀತಿಯುತ ನ್ಯಾಯತೀರ್ಪು | nītiyuta nyāyatīrpu | High | God’s Righteous Judgment | 1:5 | Built on baseline ನೀತಿ root plus ನ್ಯಾಯತೀರ್ಪು (judgment/verdict); connects God’s judging activity to the wider righteousness/justification doctrine family. |
C. Glossary Enforcement Notes for Phase 2
- All Section A terms must be inserted into Phase 2 segment processing exactly as recorded in the Romans
translation_memory.json— no re-derivation permitted. - All Section B terms are proposed additions; before Phase 2 translation begins, these must be written into an updated
translation_memory.json(version increment) per the12_ai_translation_requirements.mdTranslation Memory Load and Enforcement Instructions, items 1-3, with each Critical/High term flagged for theologian review before first use. - The following terms require a mandatory translator note at first occurrence per the Footnote Requirements in
12_ai_translation_requirements.md, given their non-obvious doctrinal choices: ಕರ್ತನ ದಿನ (vs. ಪ್ರಳಯ), ಅಕ್ರಮದ ಮನುಷ್ಯ (vs. Kalki-avatar framing), ವಿಶ್ವಾಸದ್ರೋಹ (new coinage, vs. ತ್ಯಾಗ-based renderings), ತಡೆಯುವಂಥದ್ದು/ತಡೆಯುವವನು (unresolved Restrainer identity), ಸಂಪ್ರದಾಯಗಳು (vs. Madhva Sampradaya lineage sense), ಸಾಮರ್ಥ್ಯ as applied to the lawless one’s power (deliberate mimicry of the baseline’s power-of-God term), and ಭ್ರಮೆಯ ಕಾರ್ಯಾಚರಣೆ (vs. māyā/illusion doctrine). - Per the Escalation Rules for Human Review, every segment containing any Section B Critical-risk term must be automatically routed to human theologian review and never marked as approved by automated or native-speaker-only review.
Critical Risk Terms
Salvation
Approved rendering: ರಕ್ಷಣೆ
Transliteration: rakṣaṇe
Doctrine: Salvation
Rejected alternatives: ಮೋಕ್ಷ, ಮುಕ್ತಿ, ಐಕ್ಯ
Original: σωτηρία
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. CRITICAL: NEVER ಮೋಕ್ಷ, ಮುಕ್ತಿ, or ಐಕ್ಯ. Occurs at 2:10 and 2:13, sharpened in this book by direct antithetical pairing with ‘those who are perishing’ (2:10) — the ರಕ್ಷಣೆ/ನಾಶ contrast must be crisp.
Lord
Approved rendering: ಕರ್ತ
Transliteration: karta
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: ಸ್ವಾಮಿ
Original: κύριος
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package. Conveys a living, exclusive, presently-reigning sovereign, never softened toward Veerashaiva Aikya-merger. Occurs throughout 2 Thessalonians (1:1, 1:7-9, 2:1, 2:8, 2:13-16, 3:1-5, 3:16-18); this letter’s saturation with ಕರ್ತ language makes exact consistency essential.
Christ
Approved rendering: ಕ್ರಿಸ್ತ
Transliteration: Krista
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Inherited from Romans package (established transliteration standard per 12_ai_translation_requirements.md). Occurs throughout 2 Thessalonians as part of the recurring title ‘our Lord Jesus Christ.‘
God
Approved rendering: ದೇವರು
Transliteration: Dēvaru
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Rejected alternatives: ಭಗವಂತ, ಪರಶಿವ
Original: θεός
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. CRITICAL: avoid ಭಗವಂತ and be alert to Lingayat-background readers mentally substituting ಪರಶಿವ. Occurs throughout 2 Thessalonians.
Jesus
Approved rendering: ಯೇಸು
Transliteration: Yēsu
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: ಈಸಾ
Original: Ἰησοῦς
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package. Occurs at 1:1-2, 1:7-8, 1:12, 2:1, 2:14, 2:16, 3:6, 3:12, 3:18.
Holy Spirit
Approved rendering: ಪವಿತ್ರಾತ್ಮ
Transliteration: Pavitrātma
Doctrine: Sanctification
Rejected alternatives: ಪರಮಾತ್ಮ
Original: πνεῦμα
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. CRITICAL: never ಪರಮಾತ್ಮ. Occurs at 2:13 within the Effectual Calling to Salvation passage.
Father
Approved rendering: ತಂದೆ
Transliteration: Tande
Doctrine: Adoption into God’s Family
Rejected alternatives: ಸೃಷ್ಟಿಕರ್ತ
Original: πατήρ
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. Occurs at 1:1-2 (salutation) and 2:16 (benediction).
Day Of The Lord
Approved rendering: ಕರ್ತನ ದಿನ
Transliteration: Kartana dina
Doctrine: The Day of the Lord
Rejected alternatives: ಪ್ರಳಯ, ಕಲಿಯುಗದ ಅಂತ್ಯ, ಅಂತ್ಯಕಾಲ
Original: ἡμέρα τοῦ κυρίου
Category: Eschatology
NEW. Built on established baseline ಕರ್ತ. CRITICAL: never ಪ್ರಳಯ (cyclical Puranic cosmic dissolution preceding a new cosmic cycle) nor ‘ಕಲಿಯುಗದ ಅಂತ್ಯ’ (end of Kali Yuga). A single, linear, unrepeatable divine intervention. Occurs at 2:2 and underlies 2:8. Mandatory translator note at first occurrence; precise tense-handling required for 2:2’s rebuttal of the false claim the Day ‘has already come’.
Parousia
Approved rendering: ಆಗಮನ
Transliteration: āgamana
Doctrine: The Day of the Lord
Rejected alternatives: ಪುನರಾಗಮನ (as sole rendering)
Original: παρουσία
Category: Eschatology
NEW. Must be the SAME Kannada word for Christ’s coming (2:1, 2:8) and the lawless one’s counterfeit coming (2:9) to preserve Paul’s deliberate literary parody. Do not reserve ಪುನರಾಗಮನ (‘return’) only for Christ.
Man Of Lawlessness
Approved rendering: ಅಕ್ರಮದ ಮನುಷ್ಯ
Transliteration: akramada manuṣya
Doctrine: The Man of Lawlessness
Rejected alternatives: ಅಧರ್ಮದ ಮನುಷ್ಯ, ಕಲ್ಕಿ ಅವತಾರ, ಅಸುರ, ರಾಕ್ಷಸ
Original: ἄνθρωπος τῆς ἀνομίας
Category: Eschatology
NEW. CRITICAL: never ಧರ್ಮ-rooted. Severe collision risk: must not be mapped onto the awaited Kalki avatar (Vishnu’s dharma-restoring tenth avatar) — a category inversion, since this figure is an anti-God deceiver, not a savior-restorer. Must not be read as a mythological asura/rakshasa; he is a real future human person energized by Satan. Occurs at 2:3.
The Lawless One
Approved rendering: ಅಕ್ರಮಿ
Transliteration: akrami
Doctrine: The Man of Lawlessness
Original: ὁ ἄνομος
Category: Eschatology
NEW. Shorthand for ಅಕ್ರಮದ ಮನುಷ್ಯ (2:3); must share the ಅಕ್ರಮ root for reader continuity. Occurs at 2:8.
Lawlessness
Approved rendering: ಅಕ್ರಮ
Transliteration: akrama
Doctrine: The Man of Lawlessness
Rejected alternatives: ಅಧರ್ಮ
Original: ἀνομία
Category: Eschatology
NEW. Standard secular Kannada word for illegality/disorder, deliberately chosen over ಅಧರ್ಮ, consistent with the baseline’s exclusion of ಧರ್ಮ from ‘law’ and ‘sin’. Occurs at 2:3 (man of lawlessness) and 2:7 (‘the mystery of lawlessness’).
Son Of Destruction
Approved rendering: ನಾಶದ ಪುತ್ರ
Transliteration: nāśada putra
Doctrine: The Man of Lawlessness
Original: υἱὸς τῆς ἀπωλείας
Category: Eschatology
NEW. Keep ನಾಶ (ongoing ruin/perdition) distinct from ವಿನಾಶ (ಶಾಶ್ವತ ವಿನಾಶ, the specific destruction-event of 1:9). Structurally parodies ದೇವರ ಮಗ (Son of God, baseline Critical term); context must prevent the two figures ever being equated. Occurs at 2:3.
Apostasy
Approved rendering: ವಿಶ್ವಾಸದ್ರೋಹ
Transliteration: viśvāsadrōha
Doctrine: The Apostasy/Rebellion Preceding the Day of the Lord
Rejected alternatives: ಧರ್ಮಭ್ರಷ್ಟತೆ, ತ್ಯಾಗ-rooted renderings
Original: ἀποστασία
Category: Eschatology
NEW coinage (ವಿಶ್ವಾಸ ‘trust/belief’ + ದ್ರೋಹ ‘betrayal/treason’, modeled on ದೇಶದ್ರೋಹ/ಗುರುದ್ರೋಹ). Rejected ಧರ್ಮಭ್ರಷ್ಟತೆ (excluded ಧರ್ಮ root) and any ತ್ಯಾಗ-based rendering, since ತ್ಯಾಗ (renunciation) is a praised Hindu ascetic virtue and would make apostasy sound commendable rather than a grave defection. Occurs at 2:3.
Delusion
Approved rendering: ಭ್ರಮೆಯ ಕಾರ್ಯಾಚರಣೆ
Transliteration: bhrameya kāryācaraṇe
Doctrine: God’s Righteous Judgment
Original: ἐνέργεια πλάνης
Category: Judgment
NEW coinage. CRITICAL: ಭ್ರಮೆ is also the standard Kannada word for Advaita Vedanta’s māyā doctrine (the phenomenal world’s illusory nature relative to Brahman). Must not be read as a metaphysical claim about reality’s illusory nature; this is a specific, judicial, morally-conditioned act of hardening (2:11). Mandatory translator note required.
Eternal Destruction
Approved rendering: ಶಾಶ್ವತ ವಿನಾಶ
Transliteration: śāśvata vināśa
Doctrine: God’s Righteous Judgment
Original: ὄλεθρος αἰώνιος
Category: Judgment
NEW. Kept distinct from ನಾಶ (ch. 2’s ἀπώλεια, ongoing ruin). Must not be assimilated to temporary purgatorial/karmic-cycle punishment (e.g., a naraka-stay before rebirth); final, unending, and relational — separation ‘from the presence of the Lord.’ Occurs at 1:9.
Traditions
Approved rendering: ಸಂಪ್ರದಾಯಗಳು
Transliteration: sampradāyagaḷu
Doctrine: Standing Firm in the Traditions
Original: παράδοσις
Category: Tradition
NEW application of an established Kannada Bible word (used elsewhere in the Kannada NT, e.g. Mark 7). CRITICAL, the single highest cross-cultural collision risk in this curriculum: ಸಂಪ್ರದಾಯ is literally the term for the Madhva Sampradaya, the Vaishnava lineage-tradition underlying Karnataka’s Haridasa bhakti movement (Udupi), already documented in the Romans baseline. Mandatory explanatory gloss required at first occurrence (2:15): ‘ಅಪೊಸ್ತಲರಿಂದ ಬಂದ ಬೋಧನೆಗಳು’ (the teachings that came from the apostles). Must be rendered identically at 2:15 and 3:6 to preserve Paul’s own inclusio.
High Risk Terms
Gospel
Approved rendering: ಸುವಾರ್ತೆ
Transliteration: suvārte
Doctrine: Gospel
Rejected alternatives: ಸುದ್ದಿ
Original: εὐαγγέλιον
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Established Kannada Christian term (su- ‘good’ + vārte ‘news’). Occurs in 2 Thessalonians at 1:8 (judgment on those who do not obey it) and 2:14 (God’s call through it).
Grace
Approved rendering: ಕೃಪೆ
Transliteration: kṛpe
Doctrine: Grace
Rejected alternatives: ಕರ್ಮಫಲ, ಪುಣ್ಯ
Original: χάρις
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Unmerited favor apart from human merit. Occurs at the epistolary greeting (1:2), benediction (1:12), 2:16, and 3:18 — consistency across all four occurrences required.
Faith
Approved rendering: ನಂಬಿಕೆ
Transliteration: nambike
Doctrine: Faith
Rejected alternatives: ಭಕ್ತಿ
Original: πίστις
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans package. Personal trust in Christ specifically, not the devotional surrender of Haridasa or Veerashaiva practice. Occurs at 1:3-4, 1:11, 2:13, 3:2 (note 3:2, ‘not all have faith,’ reinforces the exclusive-object sense).
Sanctification
Approved rendering: ಪವಿತ್ರೀಕರಣ
Transliteration: pavitrīkaraṇa
Doctrine: Sanctification
Rejected alternatives: ಶುದ್ಧೀಕರಣ
Original: ἁγιασμός
Category: Sanctification
Inherited from Romans package. The Spirit’s ongoing work, not disciplined self-directed ascent toward Aikya. Occurs at 2:13, directly tied to Effectual Calling to Salvation.
Called
Approved rendering: ಕರೆಯಲ್ಪಟ್ಟ
Transliteration: kareyalpaṭṭa
Doctrine: Divine Calling
Rejected alternatives: ಆಮಂತ್ರಿತ
Original: καλέω / κλῆσις
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. In 2 Thessalonians specifically effectual calling to salvation through gospel proclamation, sanctification, and belief in the truth (2:13-14).
Calling
Approved rendering: ಕರೆ
Transliteration: kare
Doctrine: Divine Calling
Rejected alternatives: ಆಹ್ವಾನ
Inherited from Romans package. Occurs at 1:11 and feeds into 2:13-14’s Effectual Calling to Salvation doctrine.
Glory
Approved rendering: ಮಹಿಮೆ
Transliteration: mahime
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Rejected alternatives: ತೇಜಸ್ಸು
Original: δόξα
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. Occurs at 1:9, 1:10, 1:12, 2:14, 3:1; must avoid merging with Veerashaiva Aikya divine-light/mystical-illumination associations — believers reflect, not merge into, Christ’s glory.
Power Of God
Approved rendering: ದೇವರ ಸಾಮರ್ಥ್ಯ
Transliteration: Dēvara Sāmarthya
Doctrine: Power of God for Salvation
Rejected alternatives: ಶಕ್ತಿ
Original: δύναμις θεοῦ
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. Use ಸಾಮರ್ಥ್ಯ; never ಶಕ್ತಿ. Occurs at 1:9 and 1:11; the bare form ಸಾಮರ್ಥ್ಯ is also deliberately reused at 2:9 for the lawless one’s counterfeit power — see dynamis_counterfeit entry below.
Sin
Approved rendering: ಪಾಪ
Transliteration: pāpa
Doctrine: Universal Human Accountability
Rejected alternatives: ಅಧರ್ಮ
Original: ἁμαρτία
Category: Sin
Inherited from Romans package. Relevant to the 2:3 textual variant ‘man of sin’ alongside ‘man of lawlessness’.
Epiphaneia
Approved rendering: ಪ್ರತ್ಯಕ್ಷತೆ
Transliteration: pratyakṣate
Doctrine: The Day of the Lord
Original: ἐπιφάνεια
Category: Eschatology
NEW. Kept distinct from ಆಗಮನ (parousia) in the compound ‘ಆತನ ಆಗಮನದ ಪ್ರತ್ಯಕ್ಷತೆ’ (2:8); the doubling itself is theologically significant — visible manifestation vs. the lawless one’s hidden ‘mystery’ operation.
Restrainer Impersonal
Approved rendering: ತಡೆಯುವಂಥದ್ದು
Transliteration: taḍeyuvanthaddu
Doctrine: The Restrainer
Original: τὸ κατέχον
Category: Eschatology
NEW, unique term with no baseline precedent. Impersonal/neuter designation (2:6); preserve the impersonal-to-personal shift to ತಡೆಯುವವನು (2:7) via pronoun choice (ಅದು ‘it’ vs. ಅವನು ‘he’). Must not be flattened into an impersonal karma-like cosmic-balancing force; this is a purposive agent/force under God’s sovereign timing (καιρός).
Restrainer Personal
Approved rendering: ತಡೆಯುವವನು
Transliteration: taḍeyuvavanu
Doctrine: The Restrainer
Original: ὁ κατέχων
Category: Eschatology
NEW. Personal/masculine designation (2:7), sharing the ತಡೆ- root with ತಡೆಯುವಂಥದ್ದು (2:6) so the reader perceives both name the same restraining reality.
Mystery
Approved rendering: ರಹಸ್ಯ
Transliteration: rahasya
Doctrine: The Man of Lawlessness
Original: μυστήριον
Category: Eschatology
NEW to this curriculum (though an established Kannada Bible word). Risk of tantric/esoteric-gnosis overtones (guhya rahasya, secret knowledge for initiates); mandatory translator note that this is a disclosed divine plan, not privileged secret knowledge withheld from ordinary believers. Occurs at 2:7.
Energeia
Approved rendering: ಕಾರ್ಯಾಚರಣೆ
Transliteration: kāryācaraṇe
Doctrine: The Man of Lawlessness
Rejected alternatives: ಶಕ್ತಿ
Original: ἐνέργεια / ἐνεργέω
Category: Eschatology
NEW. NEVER ಶಕ್ತಿ — same Shakta/Chamundeshwari-avoidance logic as the baseline’s power_of_god entry, applied with greater force since this word covers both Satan’s (2:7, 2:9) and God’s judicial (2:11) ‘working’.
Satan
Approved rendering: ಸೈತಾನ
Transliteration: Saitāna
Doctrine: The Man of Lawlessness
Original: Σατανᾶς
Category: Christology
NEW to this curriculum (established Kannada Christian transliteration). Personal malevolent being, not an impersonal evil-principle. Occurs at 2:9; parallel to ಪಂ 3:3’s ದುಷ್ಟನು.
Dynamis Counterfeit
Approved rendering: ಸಾಮರ್ಥ್ಯ
Transliteration: sāmarthya
Doctrine: Satan’s Counterfeit Power and Deception
Original: δύναμις (κατ᾽ ἐνέργειαν τοῦ Σατανᾶ)
Category: Eschatology
NEW application of the baseline’s established ‘power of God’ term (ಸಾಮರ್ಥ್ಯ) to the lawless one’s counterfeit power (2:9) — deliberate Pauline mimicry, not error. Mandatory translator note required explaining the intentional reuse; context (κατ᾽ ἐνέργειαν τοῦ Σατανᾶ) makes clear this power is derivative and illegitimate.
Signs And Wonders
Approved rendering: ಸೂಚಕಕಾರ್ಯಗಳು ಮತ್ತು ಅದ್ಭುತಕಾರ್ಯಗಳು
Transliteration: sūcakakāryagaḷu mattu adbhutakāryagaḷu
Doctrine: Satan’s Counterfeit Power and Deception
Original: σημεῖα καὶ τέρατα
Category: Eschatology
NEW. Risk of being read as validating godman/guru miracle-claims (siddhis) as proof of spiritual attainment; the qualifier ‘of falsehood’ (ಸುಳ್ಳಿನ) must remain emphatically and grammatically attached. Occurs at 2:9.
Unrighteousness
Approved rendering: ಅನೀತಿ
Transliteration: anīti
Doctrine: God’s Righteous Judgment
Rejected alternatives: ಅಧರ್ಮ
Original: ἀδικία
Category: Judgment
NEW, built directly on the baseline’s Critical ನೀತಿ/ನೀತಿವಂತಿಕೆ root. Preserves the deliberate righteousness/unrighteousness antithesis running through Romans and this letter. Occurs at 2:10 and 2:12.
Truth
Approved rendering: ಸತ್ಯ
Transliteration: satya
Doctrine: God’s Righteous Judgment
Original: ἀλήθεια
Category: Judgment
NEW to this curriculum (standard word). Risk of collapsing into the Vedantic impersonal Absolute (Satya as ultimate Reality); mandatory translator note clarifying this is specific, personal, gospel-content truth requiring belief and love. Occurs at 2:10, 2:12, 2:13.
Judgment
Approved rendering: ನ್ಯಾಯತೀರ್ಪು
Transliteration: nyāyatīrpu
Doctrine: God’s Righteous Judgment
Original: κρίνω / κρίσις
Category: Judgment
NEW to this curriculum. Forensic condemnation vocabulary; occurs at 1:5 and 2:12 (ಕ್ರಿಥೋಸಿನ್). Structurally parallel to (but the negative counterpart of) the baseline’s ನೀತಿವಂತರೆಂದು ನಿರ್ಣಯಿಸುವುದು (justification).
Righteous Judgment
Approved rendering: ನೀತಿಯುತ ನ್ಯಾಯತೀರ್ಪು
Transliteration: nītiyuta nyāyatīrpu
Doctrine: God’s Righteous Judgment
Original: δικαία κρίσις τοῦ θεοῦ
Category: Judgment
NEW compound built on the baseline’s ನೀತಿ root plus ನ್ಯಾಯತೀರ್ಪು. Connects God’s judging activity (1:5) to the wider righteousness/justification doctrine family already Critical in the Romans baseline.
Recompense
Approved rendering: ಪ್ರತಿಫಲ ನೀಡುವುದು
Transliteration: pratiphala nīḍuvudu
Doctrine: God’s Righteous Judgment
Rejected alternatives: ಕರ್ಮಫಲ
Original: ἀνταποδίδωμι
Category: Judgment
NEW. ಪ್ರತಿಫಲ (phala, ‘fruit/result’) risks reading as impersonal karma-phala; mandatory translator note that this is a personal God’s deliberate, righteous, judicial act, not automatic cause-and-effect. Verb-phrase form retained (not a bare noun) to foreground personal agency. Occurs at 1:6.
Vengeance
Approved rendering: ಪ್ರತೀಕಾರ
Transliteration: pratīkāra
Doctrine: God’s Righteous Judgment
Original: ἐκδίκησις
Category: Judgment
NEW to this curriculum. Must be God’s own righteous judicial act (cf. Romans 12:19 precedent already in this pipeline’s lineage), never endorsement of personal revenge nor impersonal karma-phala. Occurs at 1:8.
Presence Of The Lord
Approved rendering: ಕರ್ತನ ಸನ್ನಿಧಿ
Transliteration: kartana sannidhi
Doctrine: God’s Righteous Judgment
Original: πρόσωπον τοῦ κυρίου
Category: Judgment
NEW. ಸನ್ನಿಧಿ/ಸನ್ನಿಧಾನ also denote a deity’s localized presence in Hindu temple worship (‘devara sannidhi’); mandatory translator note clarifying this is Christ’s personal, relational presence, not a site-bound cultic presence. Occurs at 1:9.
Obey The Gospel
Approved rendering: ವಿಧೇಯರಾಗು
Transliteration: vidhēyarāgu
Doctrine: Gospel Obedience and Accountability
Rejected alternatives: ಧಾರ್ಮಿಕ ಕರ್ತವ್ಯ
Original: ὑπακούω (τῷ εὐαγγελίῳ)
Category: Judgment
NEW application echoing the baseline’s ನಂಬಿಕೆಯ ವಿಧೇಯತ್ವ (obedience of faith) word-family. Names exclusive accountability to the one gospel, not general moral accountability satisfiable through Haridasa or Veerashaiva devotion. Occurs at 1:8.
Endurance
Approved rendering: ಸಹನೆ
Transliteration: sahane
Doctrine: Perseverance under Persecution
Rejected alternatives: ತಪಸ್ಸು, ಸಹಿಷ್ಣುತೆ
Original: ὑπομονή
Category: Perseverance
NEW to this curriculum. Risk of conflation with tapas-like ascetic self-discipline pursued for personal merit/liberation, a praised concept in Hindu ascetic tradition. Biblical ὑπομονή is hope-anchored, Spirit-empowered, grounded in Christ’s promised return and future judgment (1:5-10), not self-generated austerity. Occurs at 1:4 and 3:5 (of Christ’s own steadfastness).
The Evil One
Approved rendering: ದುಷ್ಟನು
Transliteration: duṣṭanu
Doctrine: Perseverance under Persecution
Original: ὁ πονηρός
Category: Perseverance
NEW. Personal reference to Satan, parallel to 2:9’s ಸೈತಾನ; must not be read as an impersonal principle of evil as in some philosophical Hindu frameworks explaining suffering via karma or maya. Occurs at 3:3.
Stand Firm
Approved rendering: ಸ್ಥಿರವಾಗಿ ನಿಲ್ಲಿರಿ
Transliteration: sthiravāgi nilliri
Doctrine: Standing Firm in the Traditions
Original: στήκετε
Category: Tradition
NEW. Must convey active, faith-filled, hope-anchored firmness, not passive fatalistic resignation or stoic detachment. Shares the ಸ್ಥಿರ root with ಸ್ಥಿರಗೊಳಿಸು (establish) to preserve Paul’s verbal link between command and promise. Occurs at 2:15.
Disorderly Conduct
Approved rendering: ಅಶಿಸ್ತಿನಿಂದ ನಡೆಯುವುದು
Transliteration: aśistininda naḍeyuvudu
Doctrine: Standing Firm in the Traditions
Original: ἀτάκτως (περιπατέω)
Category: Tradition
NEW. Directly linked at 3:6 to ಸಂಪ್ರದಾಯ (‘not according to the tradition you received from us’) — reuse ಸಂಪ್ರದಾಯಗಳು there to preserve Paul’s own connection between doctrinal fidelity (ch. 2) and orderly conduct (ch. 3). Occurs at 3:6, 3:11.
Medium Risk Terms
Peace
Approved rendering: ಶಾಂತಿ
Transliteration: śānti
Doctrine: Peace with God
Rejected alternatives: ಮನಶ್ಶಾಂತಿ
Original: εἰρήνη
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Occurs at 1:2 (greeting) and 3:16 (‘the Lord of peace himself’) — bookend occurrences requiring consistency.
Church
Approved rendering: ಸಭೆ
Transliteration: sabhe
Doctrine: Church as God’s People
Rejected alternatives: ದೇವಸ್ಥಾನ, ಗುಡಿ
Original: ἐκκλησία
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package. Occurs at 1:1, 1:4; Paul boasting of this church ‘among the churches of God’ reinforces the corporate, non-caste sense.
Falsehood
Approved rendering: ಸುಳ್ಳು
Transliteration: suḷḷu
Doctrine: Satan’s Counterfeit Power and Deception
Original: ψεῦδος
Category: Eschatology
NEW. Standard term; ensure grammatical attachment to ‘signs and wonders’ (2:9) and ‘the lie’ (2:11).
Deception
Approved rendering: ವಂಚನೆ
Transliteration: vañcane
Doctrine: Satan’s Counterfeit Power and Deception
Original: ἀπάτη
Category: Eschatology
NEW. Standard term, low syncretism risk. Occurs at 2:10, the lawless one’s total program of deceiving those perishing.
Persecution
Approved rendering: ಹಿಂಸೆ
Transliteration: hiṃse
Doctrine: Perseverance under Persecution
Original: διωγμός
Category: Perseverance
NEW to this curriculum. Also means ‘violence’ generally; context disambiguates the faith-targeted sense. Occurs at 1:4.
Affliction
Approved rendering: ಸಂಕಟ
Transliteration: saṅkaṭa
Doctrine: Perseverance under Persecution
Original: θλῖψις
Category: Perseverance
NEW to this curriculum. Standard term, paired with ಹಿಂಸೆ to describe the totality of the Thessalonians’ suffering (1:4, 1:6-7).
Love
Approved rendering: ಪ್ರೀತಿ
Transliteration: prīti
Doctrine: Perseverance under Persecution
Original: ἀγάπη
Category: Perseverance
NEW to this curriculum. Standard established Kannada Christian word; can carry romantic-affection connotations in secular usage, so surrounding context must reinforce the mutual, sacrificial, family-of-God sense. Occurs at 1:3, 2:10, 3:5.
Establish
Approved rendering: ಸ್ಥಿರಗೊಳಿಸು
Transliteration: sthiragoḷisu
Doctrine: Standing Firm in the Traditions
Original: στηρίζω
Category: Tradition
NEW. Shares the ಸ್ಥಿರ root with ಸ್ಥಿರವಾಗಿ ನಿಲ್ಲಿರಿ (stand firm); God’s own establishing work answering the command. Occurs at 2:17 and 3:3.
Busybody
Approved rendering: ಇತರರ ವಿಷಯದಲ್ಲಿ ತಲೆಹಾಕುವುದು
Transliteration: itarara viṣayadalli talehākuvudu
Doctrine: Christian Work Ethic and Diligence
Original: περιεργάζομαι
Category: Tradition
NEW. Greek wordplay (ἐργάζομαι ‘work’ / περιεργάζομαι ‘work-around-in-others’-business’) is lost in Kannada; recommend a translator’s note preserving the rhetorical point. Occurs at 3:11.
Withdraw Association
Approved rendering: ಸಹವಾಸ ಮಾಡದಿರುವುದು
Transliteration: sahavāsa māḍadiruvudu
Doctrine: Church Discipline and Order
Original: συναναμίγνυμαι
Category: Tradition
NEW. Restorative discipline aimed at repentance (3:14-15), not permanent excommunication; sensitive given caste-exclusion associations of ‘social separation’ language in Indian contexts. Must be paired with 3:15’s qualifier (‘not as an enemy, but admonish as a brother’).
Gathering Together
Approved rendering: ಒಟ್ಟುಗೂಡಿಸುವಿಕೆ
Transliteration: oṭṭugūḍisuvike
Doctrine: The Day of the Lord
Rejected alternatives: ಜಾತ್ರೆ (temple pilgrimage-gathering)
Original: ἐπισυναγωγή
Category: Eschatology
NEW. Should not be rendered with a term implying a temple pilgrimage-gathering (jatra), which carries seasonal/cyclical festival connotations foreign to this one-time eschatological gathering. Occurs at 2:1.
Mind
Approved rendering: ಮನಸ್ಸು
Transliteration: manassu
Doctrine: The Day of the Lord
Original: νοῦς
Category: Eschatology
NEW. Do not import the Vedantic threefold ಮನಸ್ಸು/ಬುದ್ಧಿ/ಆತ್ಮ distinction; keep ಆತ್ಮ reserved for ಪವಿತ್ರಾತ್ಮ/personal-spirit usage per baseline convention. Occurs at 2:2 (‘not quickly shaken in mind’).
Faithful God
Approved rendering: ನಂಬಿಗಸ್ತ
Transliteration: nambigasta
Doctrine: The Faithfulness of God
Original: πιστός
Category: God
NEW. Shares the ನಂಬಿಕೆ (faith) root already established in the baseline. Occurs at 3:3, grounding believers’ security in God’s own covenantal faithfulness, not an impersonal guarantee like fate.
Strength Of His Might
Approved rendering: ಬಲ
Transliteration: bala
Doctrine: Glorification of Christ in His Saints
NEW. ἰσχύς (strength/might), a standard non-syncretic word for physical/martial strength, kept distinct from ಸಾಮರ್ಥ್ಯ (power of God) and the forbidden ಶಕ್ತಿ. Occurs at 1:9 in ‘the glory of his might’ (ಆತನ ಬಲದ ಮಹಿಮೆ).
Firstfruits Or From Beginning
Approved rendering: ಪ್ರಥಮಫಲ / ಆದಿಯಿಂದ
Transliteration: prathamaphala / ādiyinda
Doctrine: Effectual Calling to Salvation
NEW. Textual variant at 2:13 (ἀπαρχήν ‘as firstfruits’ vs. ἀπ᾽ ἀρχῆς ‘from the beginning’); flag the manuscript variant explicitly for reviewers regardless of which reading is followed.
Obtaining Of Glory
Approved rendering: ಮಹಿಮೆಯ ಪ್ರಾಪ್ತಿ
Transliteration: mahimeya prāpti
Doctrine: Glorification of Christ in His Saints
NEW. ಪ್ರಾಪ್ತಿ (‘attainment’) can suggest spiritual attainment through personal effort or yogic practice (siddhi-prāpti); translator note required that this ‘obtaining’ (2:14) is God’s gift through calling and sanctification, not self-achieved.
Work Quietly
Approved rendering: ಶಾಂತಿಯಿಂದ ಕೆಲಸ ಮಾಡುವುದು
Transliteration: śāntiyinda kelasa māḍuvudu
Doctrine: Christian Work Ethic and Diligence
NEW, reusing the baseline’s established ಶಾಂತಿ (peace) in its secondary sense of calm/quietness. Occurs at 3:12, the prescribed remedy for disorderly idleness.
Authenticating Sign
Approved rendering: ಪ್ರತಿ ಪತ್ರಿಕೆಯಲ್ಲಿಯೂ ಇರುವ ಗುರುತು
Transliteration: prati patrikeyalliyū iruva guruttu
Doctrine: Apostolic Authority and Authenticity
NEW. Paul’s handwritten greeting (3:17) as an authentication device against forged letters, directly answering 2:2’s concern about a letter falsely claiming the Day of the Lord had come; recommend a translator’s note connecting the two passages.
Low Risk Terms
Thanksgiving
Approved rendering: ಕೃತಜ್ಞತಾಸ್ತುತಿ
Transliteration: kṛtajñatāstuti
Doctrine: Thanksgiving
Original: εὐχαριστία / εὐχαριστέω
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans package. Occurs at 1:3 and 2:13. Standard term, minor risk of over-ritualization.
Exhort
Approved rendering: ಪ್ರೋತ್ಸಾಹಿಸುವುದು
Transliteration: prōtsāhisuvudu
Doctrine: Mutual Edification
Original: παρακαλέω
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans package. Occurs at 2:17, paired with ಸ್ಥಿರಗೊಳಿಸು (establish) as God’s response to the command to stand firm.
Brothers
Approved rendering: ಸಹೋದರರೇ
Transliteration: sahōdarare
Doctrine: Christian Fellowship
Original: ἀδελφοί
Category: Church
NEW to this curriculum (established address form, consistent with Romans usage). Familial address for the congregation, reinforcing church as God’s family.
Perverse Men
Approved rendering: ದುಷ್ಟ ಜನರು
Transliteration: duṣṭa janaru
Doctrine: Perseverance under Persecution
NEW. Standard term for ἄτοπος (‘out of place,’ wicked/perverse); occurs at 3:2, describing opponents of the gospel.
Imitate
Approved rendering: ಅನುಸರಿಸು / ಅನುಕರಿಸು
Transliteration: anusarisu / anukarisu
Doctrine: Christian Work Ethic and Diligence
NEW. Standard term for μιμέομαι; Paul’s own tireless, self-supporting labor (3:8-9) is offered as the pattern to imitate.
Amen
Approved rendering: ಆಮೆನ್
Transliteration: Āmen
Doctrine: Liturgical Closing
Inherited transliteration standard per 12_ai_translation_requirements.md; retained here for consistency at the letter’s close (3:18, per some liturgical traditions).
Referenced passages