Core Glossary
08 — Core Glossary: 1 Thessalonians
Table 1 — Baseline Terms Reused Exactly (from Romans Language Package)
| # | English Term | Greek | Kannada Term | Transliteration | Risk (baseline) | Doctrine Link (this curriculum) | Chapters Occurring | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | grace | χάρις | ಕೃಪೆ | kṛpe | High | Sanctification (freely given, not earned) | 1:1, 5:28 | Exact reuse; opens and closes the letter. |
| 2 | peace | εἰρήνη | ಶಾಂತಿ | śānti | Medium | Hope in Grief | 1:1, 5:23 | Exact reuse. |
| 3 | faith | πίστις | ನಂಬಿಕೆ | nambike | High | Hope in Grief; Sanctification | 1:3,8; 3:2,5-7,10; 5:8 | Exact reuse; verbal form ನಂಬುತ್ತೇವೆ at 4:14. |
| 4 | gospel | εὐαγγέλιον | ಸುವಾರ್ತೆ | suvārte | High | (foundational) | 1:5; 2:2,4,8-9; 3:2 | Exact reuse. |
| 5 | called / calling | κλητός/καλέω family | ಕರೆಯಲ್ಪಟ್ಟ / ಕರೆ | kareyalpaṭṭa / kare | High | Sanctification; Return of Christ (assurance) | 2:12; 4:7; 5:24 | Exact reuse; 5:24 “he who calls you” uses the participle form. |
| 6 | holy | ἅγιος | ಪವಿತ್ರ | pavitra | High | Sanctification | 4:8 (Holy Spirit); 5:26 (holy kiss) | Exact reuse. |
| 7 | saints | ἅγιοι | ಪವಿತ್ರ ಜನರು | pavitra janaru | High | Return of Christ | 3:13 | Exact reuse; NEVER ಶರಣರು. |
| 8 | sanctification | ἁγιασμός | ಪವಿತ್ರೀಕರಣ | pavitrīkaraṇa | High | Sanctification (central doctrine) | 4:3-4,7 | Exact reuse; core doctrine term for this curriculum. |
| 9 | resurrection (of Christ / believers) | ἀνάστασις family (ἀνέστη, ἀναστήσονται, ἤγειρεν) | ಪುನರುತ್ಥಾನ | punarutthāna | Critical | Resurrection of Believers (central doctrine) | 1:10; 4:14,16 | Exact reuse; NEVER ಪುನರ್ಜನ್ಮ. Extended in this curriculum from Christ’s own resurrection to believers’ future bodily resurrection. |
| 10 | lord | κύριος | ಕರ್ತ | karta | Critical | Return of Christ; Hope in Grief | throughout (1:1,3,6,8; 2:15,19; 3:8,11-13; 4:1-2,6,15-17; 5:2,9,12,23,27-28) | Exact reuse. Most frequent title in the letter; anchors “the Lord himself” (4:16) and “always with the Lord” (4:17) against Aikya-merger misreading. |
| 11 | jesus | Ἰησοῦς | ಯೇಸು | Yēsu | Critical | (foundational) | throughout | Exact reuse. |
| 12 | god | θεός | ದೇವರು | Dēvaru | Critical | (foundational) | throughout | Exact reuse. |
| 13 | holy spirit | πνεῦμα ἅγιον | ಪವಿತ್ರಾತ್ಮ | Pavitrātma | Critical | Sanctification | 1:5-6; 4:8; 5:19 | Exact reuse; NEVER ಪರಮಾತ್ಮ. |
| 14 | father | πατήρ | ತಂದೆ | Tande | Critical | (foundational) | 1:1,3; 3:11,13 | Exact reuse. |
| 15 | salvation | σωτηρία | ರಕ್ಷಣೆ | rakṣaṇe | Critical | Day of the Lord; Return of Christ | 5:8-9 | Exact reuse; NEVER ಮೋಕ್ಷ/ಮುಕ್ತಿ/ಐಕ್ಯ. |
| 16 | church | ἐκκλησία | ಸಭೆ | sabhe | Medium | (ecclesial context) | 1:1; 2:14 | Exact reuse. |
| 17 | kingdom of God | βασιλεία τοῦ θεοῦ | ದೇವರ ರಾಜ್ಯ | Dēvara Rājya | Medium | (eschatological horizon) | 2:12 | Exact reuse. |
| 18 | glory | δόξα | ಮಹಿಮೆ | mahime | High | Return of Christ | 2:6,12,20 | Exact reuse; note dual sense (human praise sought vs. divine glory) — disambiguate by context. |
| 19 | gentiles | ἔθνη | ಅನ್ಯಜನಾಂಗದವರು | anyajanāṅgadavaru | Medium | Sanctification (contrast) | 2:16; 4:5 | Exact reuse; here in broader “pagans/unbelievers” sense, flagged sense-shift from Romans’ Jew-Gentile salvation-history usage. |
| 20 | election / chosen | ἐκλογή | ದೇವರ ಆಯ್ಕೆ | Dēvara Āyke | High | Sanctification | 1:4 | Exact reuse. |
| 21 | thanksgiving | εὐχαριστία family | ಕೃತಜ್ಞತಾಸ್ತುತಿ | kṛtajñatāstuti | Low | (foundational) | 1:2; 2:13; 3:9; 5:18 | Exact reuse. |
| 22 | exhort / encourage | παρακαλέω | ಪ್ರೋತ್ಸಾಹಿಸುವುದು | prōtsāhisuvudu | Low | Hope in Grief | 2:12; 3:2,7; 4:1,10,18; 5:11,14 | Exact reuse; context-sensitive per baseline note — in 4:18/5:11 (grief-comfort context) recommend pairing with ಸಂತೈಸು (console) in Phase 2 translator notes. |
| 23 | power (of God) | δύναμις | ಸಾಮರ್ಥ್ಯ | sāmarthya | High | (foundational) | 1:5 | Reuse of baseline convention; NEVER ಶಕ್ತಿ. |
| 24 | David / Israel / Christ / Paul / Timothy / Silvanus (proper names) | Δαυίδ / Ἰσραήλ / Χριστός / Παῦλος / Τιμόθεος / Σιλουανός | — / — / ಕ್ರಿಸ್ತ / ಪೌಲ / ತಿಮೊಥೆ / ಸೀಲ | — / — / Krista / Paula / Timothe / Sīla | Low-Critical | (foundational) | 1:1 (Paul, Silvanus, Timothy); Christ throughout | ಕ್ರಿಸ್ತ, ಪೌಲ established per AI Translation Requirements transliteration standards; ತಿಮೊಥೆ/ಸೀಲ are established Kannada Bible forms, newly confirmed for this curriculum. |
Table 2 — New Terms Required by This Curriculum (Proposed Extensions)
| # | English Term | Greek | Transliteration (Greek) | Proposed Kannada | Kannada Transliteration | Risk | Doctrine Link | Chapters | Rationale / Forbidden Alternatives |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | hope | ἐλπίς | elpis | ಭರವಸೆ | bharavase | High | Hope in Grief (central) | 1:3; 2:19; 4:13; 5:8 | Not a Romans TM entry. Must be a certainty grounded in Christ’s historical resurrection (4:14), not generic optimism, karma-outcome expectation, or progressive attainment toward mokṣa/Aikya. Reject ಆಸೆ (ordinary wish/desire) as too weak. |
| 2 | the coming / Parousia (of Christ) | παρουσία | parousia | ಪುನರಾಗಮನ | punarāgamana | Critical | The Return of Christ (central) | 2:19; 3:13; 4:15; 5:23 | Established Kannada Christian term for the Second Coming; retained despite sharing the ಪುನರ್- prefix with the forbidden ಪುನರ್ಜನ್ಮ (rebirth) — flag for mandatory disambiguating apposition (“bodily, visible return,” not a rebirth cycle) at first use in any document. Reject ಬರೋಣ alone (too generic, loses technical force) as primary term; may serve as a plain-language gloss. |
| 3 | fallen asleep (death of believers) | κοιμάομαι | koimaomai | ನಿದ್ರೆಹೋದವರು | nidrehōdavaru | High | Resurrection of Believers; Hope in Grief | 4:13-15 | Must be tightly anchored to the certainty of future bodily resurrection in the same context; reject as a doctrine of “soul sleep” on its own and reject any reading implying an interval of transmigration/rebirth-in-waiting. |
| 4 | caught up (Rapture) | ἁρπάζω | harpazō | ಮೇಲಕ್ಕೆ ಎತ್ತಲ್ಪಡುವುದು | mēlakke ettalpaḍuvudu | Critical | The Return of Christ; Resurrection of Believers | 4:17 | Sudden, God-initiated, bodily event preserving distinct personal identity. Reject any rendering suggesting yogic siddhi-style levitation attained by discipline, or the Veerashaiva Aikya picture of a devotee’s ascent culminating in merger with the divine. |
| 5 | the Day of the Lord | ἡμέρα κυρίου | hēmera kyriou | ಕರ್ತನ ದಿನ | Kartana dina | Critical | The Day of the Lord (central) | 5:2,4 | Single, linear, unrepeatable historical culmination. Reject any framing that assimilates it to cyclical yuga-ending / pralaya cosmology. |
| 6 | wrath (of God) | ὀργή | orgē | ದೇವರ ಕ್ರೋಧ | Dēvara krōdha | High | The Day of the Lord | 1:10; 5:9 | Personal, judicial, righteous anger of a holy God at a specific future reckoning. Reject impersonal karmic-retribution framing; must always be paired contextually with God’s provided rescue (Christ’s death, 5:9-10), never taught standalone. |
| 7 | always with the Lord (eternal relational togetherness) | πάντοτε σὺν κυρίῳ | pantote syn kyriō | ಕರ್ತನ ಸಂಗಡ ಯಾವಾಗಲೂ ಇರುವುದು | Kartana saṅgaḍa yāvāgalū iruvudu | Critical | Hope in Grief; The Return of Christ | 4:17; 5:10 | Doctrinal climax of the core passage. Must denote permanent relationship between two distinct persons (God and believer), explicitly against the Veerashaiva Aikya doctrine of the devotee’s identity dissolving into Shiva. |
| 8 | spirit, soul, and body (of the human person) | πνεῦμα, ψυχή, σῶμα | pneuma, psychē, sōma | ಆತ್ಮ, ಪ್ರಾಣ, ದೇಹ | ātma, prāṇa, dēha | Critical | Sanctification | 5:23 | ಆತ್ಮ risks collision with the Vedantic ātman (individual self ultimately identical with/destined to merge into Brahman/Parashiva). Requires mandatory translator note: here “spirit” names one created dimension of a single human being kept whole and distinct for God, not a fragment of the divine essence. Do not confuse with ಪವಿತ್ರಾತ್ಮ (Holy Spirit, already safely distinguished by its compound form). |
| 9 | idols | εἴδωλα | eidōla | ವಿಗ್ರಹಗಳು | vigrahagaḷu | High | Sanctification (contrast); foundational to conversion narrative | 1:9 | ವಿಗ್ರಹ is the ordinary, respectful Kannada word for actively venerated Hindu temple images across Karnataka; term is doctrinally necessary and must not be softened, but should be rendered with the historic force of the Greek text itself, without added polemical embellishment. |
| 10 | holiness (as quality/state) | ἁγιωσύνη | hagiōsynē | ಪವಿತ್ರತೆ | pavitrate | High | Sanctification | 3:13 | Distinct Greek noun from ἁγιασμός (ಪವಿತ್ರೀಕರಣ, the Spirit’s ongoing sanctifying process, already baseline). ಪವಿತ್ರತೆ names the resulting state/quality. Both must avoid any drift toward the disciplined, self-directed ascent of the Lingayat shatsthala stages. |
| 11 | spiritual sleep / complacency (moral, distinct from death-euphemism) | καθεύδω | katheudō | ನಿದ್ರೆ (ರೂಪಕಾತ್ಮಕ) | nidre (rūpakātmaka) | Medium | Sanctification; The Day of the Lord | 5:6-7,10 | Must be kept visibly distinct in Kannada from κοιμάομαι’s death-euphemism (#3 above, ನಿದ್ರೆಹೋದವರು) to avoid implying the Christian dead are “morally careless.” Recommend distinct verb choice or explicit disambiguating gloss in Phase 2. |
| 12 | quench the Spirit | σβέννυμι (τὸ πνεῦμα) | sbennymi (to pneuma) | ಪವಿತ್ರಾತ್ಮನನ್ನು ನಂದಿಸುವುದು | Pavitrātmanannu nandisuvudu | High | Sanctification | 5:19 | Fire-extinguishing metaphor paired with the already-safe compound ಪವಿತ್ರಾತ್ಮ; retain personal, divine sense of the Spirit even within a metaphor that could otherwise depersonalize into “energy.” |
| 13 | the tempter (Satan as tempter) | ὁ πειράζων | ho peirazōn | ಶೋಧಕನು | śōdhakanu | Medium | Sanctification (spiritual opposition) | 3:5 | Personal, purposeful spiritual opposition; pair with existing #14 (Satan) for consistency. |
| 14 | Satan | ὁ σατανᾶς | ho satanas | ಸೈತಾನ | saitāna | Medium | (foundational spiritual conflict) | 2:18 | Standard established transliteration; low ambiguity. |
| 15 | archangel | ἀρχάγγελος | archangelos | ಪ್ರಧಾನ ದೂತ | pradhāna dūta | Medium | The Return of Christ | 4:16 | Created being under Christ’s command; must not be elevated to a semi-divine intercessory figure comparable to venerated saints/deities in popular devotion. |
| 16 | trumpet of God | σάλπιγξ θεοῦ | salpinx theou | ದೇವರ ತುತ್ತೂರಿ | Dēvara tuttūri | Medium | The Return of Christ | 4:16 | ತುತ್ತೂರಿ is the standard Kannada Bible term for a trumpet/horn; low ambiguity. |
| 17 | meet the Lord | ἀπάντησις (τοῦ κυρίου) | apantēsis (tou kyriou) | ಕರ್ತನನ್ನು ಸಂಧಿಸುವುದು | Kartanannu sandhisuvudu | High | The Return of Christ | 4:17 | Preserve “welcoming delegation” background (citizens escorting an arriving dignitary) so the corporate, royal-welcome dimension is not lost to a merely private encounter. |
| 18 | Day-of-the-Lord suddenness idiom (“thief in the night”) | ὡς κλέπτης ἐν νυκτί | hōs kleptēs en nykti | ರಾತ್ರಿಯಲ್ಲಿ ಕಳ್ಳನಂತೆ | rātriyalli kaḷḷanante | Medium | The Day of the Lord | 5:2,4 | Idiom of unpredictability, not divine character; retain literally, natural in Kannada. |
| 19 | sons of light / sons of the day | υἱοὶ φωτός / υἱοὶ ἡμέρας | huioi phōtos / huioi hēmeras | ಬೆಳಕಿನ ಮಕ್ಕಳು / ಹಗಲಿನ ಮಕ್ಕಳು | beḷakina makkaḷu / hagalina makkaḷu | Medium | The Day of the Lord; Sanctification | 5:5 | Keep relational/moral (belonging to God) rather than drifting toward inner mystical illumination (jñāna) imagery familiar from yogic/bhakti traditions; parallel caution to baseline’s “glory” entry. |
| 20 | vessel (body/wife, sanctification context) | σκεῦος | skeuos | ಪಾತ್ರೆ / ದೇಹ | pātre / dēha | Medium | Sanctification | 4:4 | Genuinely ambiguous in Greek scholarship (own body vs. own wife); flag explicitly for theologian review in Phase 2 rather than silently resolving. |
| 21 | brotherly love | φιλαδελφία | philadelphia | ಸಹೋದರ ಪ್ರೀತಿ | sahōdara prīti | Low | Sanctification | 4:9 | Standard, low risk. |
| 22 | taught by God | θεοδίδακτος | theodidaktos | ದೇವರಿಂದ ಕಲಿತ | Dēvarinda kalita | Medium | Sanctification | 4:9 | Internal, Spirit-given moral formation distinct from human religious instruction. |
| 23 | blameless | ἄμεμπτος | amemptos | ನಿರ್ದೋಷ | nirdōṣa | Medium | Sanctification; The Return of Christ (final accountability) | 2:10; 3:13; 5:23 | Consistent rendering across all three occurrences recommended for cross-chapter theological continuity. |
| 24 | word of the Lord / word of God | λόγος κυρίου / λόγος θεοῦ | logos kyriou / logos theou | ಕರ್ತನ ವಾಕ್ಯ / ದೇವರ ವಾಕ್ಯ | Kartana vākya / Dēvara vākya | High | (Inspiration of Scripture, carried from Romans doctrine set) | 1:8; 2:13; 4:15 | Distinguish from vachana literature (Sharana poet-saints) and Haridasa kirtane — treasured but categorically different from a direct claim to divine revelation. |
| 25 | steadfastness / endurance of hope | ὑπομονὴ τῆς ἐλπίδος | hypomonē tēs elpidos | ಭರವಸೆಯ ತಾಳ್ಮೆ | bharavaseya tāḷme | Medium | Hope in Grief | 1:3 | Hope in Christ’s return sustains present endurance; links Hope in Grief to Return of Christ. |
| 26 | full conviction / assurance | πληροφορία | plērophoria | ಪೂರ್ಣ ದೃಢನಿಶ್ಚಯ | pūrṇa dṛḍhaniścaya | Medium | (foundational faith-reception) | 1:5 | Settled certainty, not tentative curiosity. |
| 27 | destruction (sudden) | ὄλεθρος (αἰφνίδιος) | olethros (aiphnidios) | ಹಠಾತ್ ನಾಶನ | haṭhāt nāśana | Medium | The Day of the Lord | 5:3 | Paired with “labor pains” idiom; sudden and inescapable for the complacent. |
| 28 | affliction / tribulation | θλῖψις | thlipsis | ಸಂಕಟ / ಬಾಧೆ | saṅkaṭa / bādhe | Medium | Sanctification (suffering context) | 1:6; 3:3,7 | Standard term for persecution-suffering; coexists with joy (1:6). |
| 29 | imitators | μιμηταί | mimētai | ಅನುಕರಿಸುವವರು | anukarisuvavaru | Low | (discipleship pattern) | 1:6; 2:14 | Standard, low risk. |
| 30 | crown of boasting | στέφανος καυχήσεως | stephanos kauchēseōs | ಹೆಗ್ಗಳಿಕೆಯ ಕಿರೀಟ | heggaḷikeya kirīṭa | Low | The Return of Christ (reward context) | 2:19 | Links present ministry to future Parousia. |
Cross-Reference: Doctrine-to-Term Map (for Phase 1 Step 9 Doctrine Risk Registry Extension)
| Doctrine | Primary Terms (Table 1 + Table 2 #) | Primary Passages |
|---|---|---|
| The Return of Christ | ಕರ್ತ; ಪುನರಾಗಮನ (2); ಮೇಲಕ್ಕೆ ಎತ್ತಲ್ಪಡುವುದು (4); ಪ್ರಧಾನ ದೂತ (15); ದೇವರ ತುತ್ತೂರಿ (16); ಕರ್ತನನ್ನು ಸಂಧಿಸುವುದು (17); ಕರ್ತನ ಸಂಗಡ ಯಾವಾಗಲೂ ಇರುವುದು (7) | 2:19; 3:13; 4:15-17; 5:23 |
| Resurrection of Believers | ಪುನರುತ್ಥಾನ; ನಿದ್ರೆಹೋದವರು (3); ಮೇಲಕ್ಕೆ ಎತ್ತಲ್ಪಡುವುದು (4) | 4:13-16 |
| Sanctification | ಪವಿತ್ರೀಕರಣ; ಪವಿತ್ರತೆ (10); ಆತ್ಮ/ಪ್ರಾಣ/ದೇಹ (8); ವಿಗ್ರಹಗಳು (9); ಪವಿತ್ರಾತ್ಮನನ್ನು ನಂದಿಸುವುದು (12); ಸಹೋದರ ಪ್ರೀತಿ (21); ಪಾತ್ರೆ/ದೇಹ (20) | 3:13; 4:1-8; 5:19,23 |
| Hope in Grief | ಭರವಸೆ (1); ನಿದ್ರೆಹೋದವರು (3); ಕರ್ತನ ಸಂಗಡ ಯಾವಾಗಲೂ ಇರುವುದು (7); ಪ್ರೋತ್ಸಾಹಿಸುವುದು | 4:13-18 |
| The Day of the Lord | ಕರ್ತನ ದಿನ (5); ದೇವರ ಕ್ರೋಧ (6); ರಾತ್ರಿಯಲ್ಲಿ ಕಳ್ಳನಂತೆ (18); ಬೆಳಕಿನ ಮಕ್ಕಳು/ಹಗಲಿನ ಮಕ್ಕಳು (19); ಹಠಾತ್ ನಾಶನ (27) | 5:1-11 |
All five chapters of 1 Thessalonians have been reviewed for load-bearing theological vocabulary. No chapter contributed zero new content; each chapter’s terms are attributed above. This glossary is submitted for Phase 1 Step 8/9 formal extension of translation_memory.json and bible_term_registry.json.
Critical Risk Terms
Resurrection
Approved rendering: ಪುನರುತ್ಥಾನ
Transliteration: punarutthāna
Doctrine: Resurrection of Believers
Rejected alternatives: ಪುನರ್ಜನ್ಮ
Original: ἀνάστασις (ἀνέστη, ἀναστήσονται, ἤγειρεν)
Category: Eschatology
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged term, EXTENDED scope for this curriculum. Occurs 1:10 (Christ’s own resurrection), 4:14 (‘rose again’), 4:16 (‘the dead in Christ will rise first’). CRITICAL: this book requires the identical word to be extended from Christ’s past historical resurrection to believers’ still-future, bodily, corporate resurrection — never ಪುನರ್ಜನ್ಮ, and never softened to a merely metaphorical/spiritual reading. The lexical identity between Christ’s and believers’ resurrection is the doctrinal hinge of 4:14’s argument and must not be broken.
Lord
Approved rendering: ಕರ್ತ
Transliteration: karta
Doctrine: The Return of Christ
Rejected alternatives: ಸ್ವಾಮಿ
Original: κύριος
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. The most frequent title in this letter (throughout). Anchors ‘the Lord himself will descend’ (4:16) and ‘always with the Lord’ (4:17); must not be softened toward the Veerashaiva Aikya picture of a devotee’s eventual merger with, and loss of distinction from, the Lord.
Jesus
Approved rendering: ಯೇಸು
Transliteration: Yēsu
Doctrine: The Return of Christ
Rejected alternatives: ಈಸಾ
Original: Ἰησοῦς
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Used throughout.
God
Approved rendering: ದೇವರು
Transliteration: Dēvaru
Doctrine: Conversion from Idolatry
Rejected alternatives: ಭಗವಂತ, ಪರಶಿವ
Original: θεός
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Contrasted with idols at 1:9; see also the new compound ‘living_and_true_god’ entry below for this book’s specific idol-contrast usage.
Holy Spirit
Approved rendering: ಪವಿತ್ರಾತ್ಮ
Transliteration: Pavitrātma
Doctrine: Sanctification
Rejected alternatives: ಪರಮಾತ್ಮ
Original: πνεῦμα ἅγιον
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Occurs 1:5-6; 4:8; 5:19. NEVER ಪರಮಾತ್ಮ. The ‘quench the Spirit’ metaphor (5:19) must retain the Spirit’s personal, divine identity even within fire-extinguishing imagery.
Father
Approved rendering: ತಂದೆ
Transliteration: Tande
Doctrine: Divine Calling and Election
Rejected alternatives: ಸೃಷ್ಟಿಕರ್ತ
Original: πατήρ
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Occurs 1:1,3; 3:11,13.
Salvation
Approved rendering: ರಕ್ಷಣೆ
Transliteration: rakṣaṇe
Doctrine: Wrath and Deliverance
Rejected alternatives: ಮೋಕ್ಷ, ಮುಕ್ತಿ, ಐಕ್ಯ
Original: σωτηρία
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Occurs 5:8-9, worn as a helmet of hope, explicitly contrasted with being ‘appointed to wrath.’ NEVER ಮೋಕ್ಷ/ಮುಕ್ತಿ/ಐಕ್ಯ.
Christ
Approved rendering: ಕ್ರಿಸ್ತ
Transliteration: Krista
Doctrine: The Return of Christ
Original: Χριστός
Category: Christology
NEW — 1 Thessalonians extension (not a standalone Romans TM entry, though used implicitly as part of ‘Jesus Christ’ proper names throughout Romans). Established transliterated proper-name form per the AI Translation Requirements transliteration standards; used throughout as part of ‘the Lord Jesus Christ.’ Distinct from the doctrinal title ಮೆಸ್ಸೀಯ (Messiah) used when the OT-promised-deliverer sense is specifically in view.
Parousia
Approved rendering: ಪುನರಾಗಮನ
Transliteration: punarāgamana
Doctrine: The Return of Christ
Rejected alternatives: ಬರೋಣ (alone, as primary term)
Original: παρουσία
Category: Eschatology
NEW — 1 Thessalonians extension, central term for ‘The Return of Christ.’ Occurs 2:19; 3:13; 4:15; 5:23. Established Kannada Christian term for the Second Coming, retained despite sharing the ಪುನರ್- prefix with the forbidden ಪುನರ್ಜನ್ಮ (rebirth). MANDATORY disambiguating apposition required at first occurrence per document/lesson (e.g., ‘ಶರೀರಧಾರಿಯಾಗಿ, ಸ್ಪಷ್ಟವಾಗಿ, ಒಂದೇ ಸಲ ಪ್ರತ್ಯಕ್ಷನಾಗುವ ಕ್ರಿಸ್ತನ ಪುನರಾಗಮನ’) so hearers do not assimilate ‘coming again’ to cyclical rebirth.
Caught Up
Approved rendering: ಮೇಲಕ್ಕೆ ಎತ್ತಲ್ಪಡುವುದು
Transliteration: mēlakke ettalpaḍuvudu
Doctrine: The Return of Christ
Rejected alternatives: ಸಿದ್ಧಿಯಿಂದ ಮೇಲೇಳುವುದು (siddhi-style attainment framing)
Original: ἁρπάζω
Category: Eschatology
NEW — 1 Thessalonians extension, central term for ‘The Return of Christ’ and ‘Resurrection of Believers’ (source of the theological term ‘Rapture’). Occurs 4:17. Sudden, God-initiated, forceful, bodily gathering of living believers, preserving distinct personal identity. Must not be assimilated to yogic siddhi-style levitation attained through disciplined practice, nor to the Veerashaiva Aikya picture of a devotee’s progressive ascent culminating in merger with, and loss of distinct identity in, the divine.
Day Of The Lord
Approved rendering: ಕರ್ತನ ದಿನ
Transliteration: Kartana dina
Doctrine: The Day of the Lord
Original: ἡμέρα κυρίου
Category: Eschatology
NEW — 1 Thessalonians extension, central term for ‘The Day of the Lord.’ Occurs 5:2,4. A single, sudden, unpredictable, universal reckoning. Must be clearly distinguished from Hindu cyclical eschatology (end of Kali Yuga, cosmic dissolution/pralaya followed by a new cycle) — this is a single, linear, non-repeating historical culmination.
Always With The Lord
Approved rendering: ಕರ್ತನ ಸಂಗಡ ಯಾವಾಗಲೂ ಇರುವುದು
Transliteration: Kartana saṅgaḍa yāvāgalū iruvudu
Doctrine: Hope in Grief
Rejected alternatives: ಐಕ್ಯವಾಗುವುದು (Aikya-merger framing)
Original: πάντοτε σὺν κυρίῳ
Category: Eschatology
NEW — 1 Thessalonians extension; the doctrinal climax of the core passage and the whole letter’s comfort. Occurs 4:17; 5:10. Must denote an eternal relationship between two distinct persons (God and believer), in direct contrast to the Veerashaiva Aikya doctrine in which the devotee’s individual identity ultimately dissolves into Shiva — the single most doctrinally load-bearing phrase in the letter.
Spirit Soul Body
Approved rendering: ಆತ್ಮ, ಪ್ರಾಣ, ದೇಹ
Transliteration: ātma, prāṇa, dēha
Doctrine: Sanctification
Original: πνεῦμα, ψυχή, σῶμα
Category: Sanctification
NEW — 1 Thessalonians extension. Occurs 5:23 only, but doctrinally load-bearing as the benedictory capstone verse. ಆತ್ಮ risks collision with the Vedantic ātman (the individual self held in mainstream Vedantic thought to be identical with or destined to merge into Brahman/Parashiva). MANDATORY translator note required: here ‘spirit’ names one created dimension of a single human being kept whole and distinct for God, not a fragment of the divine essence. Never allow ಆತ್ಮ to appear in a 5:23 translation unit without ಪ್ರಾಣ and ದೇಹ also present. Do not confuse with ಪವಿತ್ರಾತ್ಮ (Holy Spirit), already safely distinguished by its compound form.
High Risk Terms
Gospel
Approved rendering: ಸುವಾರ್ತೆ
Transliteration: suvārte
Doctrine: Gospel Proclamation
Rejected alternatives: ಸುದ್ದಿ
Original: εὐαγγέλιον
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Occurs 1:5; 2:2,4,8-9; 3:2. Must retain the sense of one authoritative, Spirit-empowered saving proclamation, not one devotional teaching among Karnataka’s Haridasa-bhakti or Veerashaiva vachana traditions.
Grace
Approved rendering: ಕೃಪೆ
Transliteration: kṛpe
Doctrine: Divine Calling and Election
Rejected alternatives: ಕರ್ಮಫಲ, ಪುಣ್ಯ
Original: χάρις
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Opens (1:1) and closes (5:28) the letter; never a reward for kayaka-style sacred labor or the karma-merit economy.
Faith
Approved rendering: ನಂಬಿಕೆ
Transliteration: nambike
Doctrine: Faith
Rejected alternatives: ಭಕ್ತಿ
Original: πίστις
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Verb form ನಂಬುತ್ತೇವೆ used at 4:14 to ground the resurrection argument; Christ’s death and resurrection must remain the explicit, exclusive object of trust, not devotional surrender (ಭಕ್ತಿ).
Called
Approved rendering: ಕರೆಯಲ್ಪಟ್ಟ
Transliteration: kareyalpaṭṭa
Doctrine: Divine Calling and Election
Rejected alternatives: ಆಮಂತ್ರಿತ
Original: κλητός / καλέω
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Occurs 2:12; 4:7; 5:24. In 5:24 (‘he who calls you is faithful’) grounds assurance in God’s own faithful character, not the believer’s spiritual ascent.
Calling
Approved rendering: ಕರೆ
Transliteration: kare
Doctrine: Divine Calling and Election
Rejected alternatives: ಆಹ್ವಾನ
Original: κλῆσις
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Retained for cross-curriculum consistency though the participle form ಕರೆಯಲ್ಪಟ್ಟ is more frequent in this letter.
Holy
Approved rendering: ಪವಿತ್ರ
Transliteration: pavitra
Doctrine: Sanctification
Rejected alternatives: ಶುದ್ಧ
Original: ἅγιος
Category: Sanctification
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Occurs 4:8 (Holy Spirit), 5:26 (holy kiss).
Saints
Approved rendering: ಪವಿತ್ರ ಜನರು
Transliteration: pavitra janaru
Doctrine: The Return of Christ
Rejected alternatives: ಶರಣರು, ಸಂತರು
Original: ἅγιοι
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Occurs 3:13, ‘with all his saints’ at his coming. NEVER ಶರಣರು (the Veerashaiva Sharana poet-saint title implying an ascetic elite who attained Aikya).
Sanctification
Approved rendering: ಪವಿತ್ರೀಕರಣ
Transliteration: pavitrīkaraṇa
Doctrine: Sanctification
Rejected alternatives: ಶುದ್ಧೀಕರಣ
Original: ἁγιασμός
Category: Sanctification
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Central doctrine of this curriculum; occurs 4:3-4,7; named explicitly as God’s will. Distinguish from the disciplined, self-directed ascent of the Lingayat shatsthala stages.
Glory
Approved rendering: ಮಹಿಮೆ
Transliteration: mahime
Doctrine: Apostolic Integrity and Ministry
Rejected alternatives: ತೇಜಸ್ಸು
Original: δόξα
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. This book uses the same word for both the negative sense (human praise wrongly sought, 2:6) and the positive sense (divine glory, 2:12, 2:20); context must disambiguate at each occurrence.
Election
Approved rendering: ದೇವರ ಆಯ್ಕೆ
Transliteration: Dēvara Āyke
Doctrine: Divine Calling and Election
Rejected alternatives: ಹಣೆಬರಹ, ವಿಧಿ
Original: ἐκλογή
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Occurs 1:4; never ಹಣೆಬರಹ/ವಿಧಿ (fatalism/impersonal destiny).
Power Of God
Approved rendering: ದೇವರ ಸಾಮರ್ಥ್ಯ
Transliteration: Dēvara Sāmarthya
Doctrine: Gospel Proclamation
Rejected alternatives: ಶಕ್ತಿ
Original: δύναμις
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package convention (ಸಾಮರ್ಥ್ಯ, never ಶಕ್ತಿ), applied here to the standalone occurrence of δύναμις at 1:5 (‘gospel came… in power’), not only the fixed compound phrase. Never ಶಕ್ತಿ, distinct from Karnataka’s Shakta divine-feminine tradition (Chamundeshwari, Mysore).
Hope
Approved rendering: ಭರವಸೆ
Transliteration: bharavase
Doctrine: Hope in Grief
Rejected alternatives: ಆಸೆ
Original: ἐλπίς
Category: Faith
NEW — 1 Thessalonians extension, not present in the Romans baseline. Occurs 1:3; 2:19; 4:13; 5:8. Must be a certainty grounded in Christ’s verified historical resurrection (4:14), not generic optimism, karma-outcome expectation, or the fatalistic idiom ಹಣೆಬರಹ already forbidden elsewhere for calling/election/providence. Reject weak ಆಸೆ (‘mere wish/desire’). MANDATORY: syntactically bind to its historical ground clause wherever it appears in Hope-in-Grief material (4:13-14).
Fallen Asleep
Approved rendering: ನಿದ್ರೆಹೋದವರು
Transliteration: nidrehōdavaru
Doctrine: Resurrection of Believers
Rejected alternatives: ಸತ್ತವರು (standalone, without resurrection anchor)
Original: κοιμάομαι
Category: Eschatology
NEW — 1 Thessalonians extension. Occurs 4:13-15. Euphemism for the death of believers implying a temporary state ended by a certain future waking. MUST NEVER appear without ಪುನರುತ್ಥಾನ or an explicit resurrection-hope clause in the same or immediately adjacent sentence, so it is not heard as standalone ‘soul sleep’ doctrine or an interval of transmigration awaiting a next rebirth.
Wrath
Approved rendering: ದೇವರ ಕ್ರೋಧ
Transliteration: Dēvara krōdha
Doctrine: Wrath and Deliverance
Rejected alternatives: ಕರ್ಮದ ಫಲ (karmic-retribution framing)
Original: ὀργή
Category: Eschatology
NEW — 1 Thessalonians extension. Occurs 1:10; 5:9. God’s personal, judicial anger at a specific future reckoning, from which believers are delivered through Christ. Must never be presented standalone — always paired contextually with the rescue Christ provides (5:9-10).
Idols
Approved rendering: ವಿಗ್ರಹಗಳು
Transliteration: vigrahagaḷu
Doctrine: Conversion from Idolatry
Original: εἴδωλα
Category: Sanctification
NEW — 1 Thessalonians extension. Occurs 1:9. ವಿಗ್ರಹಗಳು is also the ordinary, respectful Kannada word for actively venerated Hindu temple images (murtis) across Karnataka’s Hindu, Haridasa, and Lingayat communities. Doctrinally necessary and must not be softened, but rendered with the historic force of the Greek text itself, without added polemical embellishment.
Holiness
Approved rendering: ಪವಿತ್ರತೆ
Transliteration: pavitrate
Doctrine: Sanctification
Original: ἁγιωσύνη
Category: Sanctification
NEW — 1 Thessalonians extension. Occurs 3:13 (‘blameless in holiness’). Distinct Greek noun (ἁγιωσύνη) from ἁγιασμός (ಪವಿತ್ರೀಕರಣ, the Spirit’s ongoing sanctifying process); ಪವಿತ್ರತೆ names the resulting state/quality. Both must avoid drift toward the disciplined, self-directed ascent of the Lingayat shatsthala stages.
Quench The Spirit
Approved rendering: ಪವಿತ್ರಾತ್ಮನನ್ನು ನಂದಿಸುವುದು
Transliteration: Pavitrātmanannu nandisuvudu
Doctrine: Spirit-Led Discernment
Original: σβέννυμι τὸ πνεῦμα
Category: Sanctification
NEW — 1 Thessalonians extension. Occurs 5:19. The fire-extinguishing metaphor is paired with the already-safe compound ಪವಿತ್ರಾತ್ಮ; must retain the Spirit’s personal, divine sense even within a metaphor that could otherwise depersonalize into an impersonal ‘energy.‘
Meet The Lord
Approved rendering: ಕರ್ತನನ್ನು ಸಂಧಿಸುವುದು
Transliteration: Kartanannu sandhisuvudu
Doctrine: The Return of Christ
Original: ἀπάντησις τοῦ κυρίου
Category: Eschatology
NEW — 1 Thessalonians extension. Occurs 4:17. Preserve the Greco-Roman ‘welcoming delegation’ background (citizens formally escorting an arriving dignitary back into the city) via a teaching note, so the corporate, royal-welcome dimension is not flattened into a merely private encounter.
Word Of The Lord
Approved rendering: ಕರ್ತನ ವಾಕ್ಯ / ದೇವರ ವಾಕ್ಯ
Transliteration: Kartana vākya / Dēvara vākya
Doctrine: Inspiration and Reception of the Word
Original: λόγος κυρίου / λόγος θεοῦ
Category: Covenant
NEW — 1 Thessalonians extension. Occurs 1:8; 2:13; 4:15. Distinguish from the vachana literature of the Sharana poet-saints and Haridasa devotional kirtane — both genuinely revered in Karnataka as inspired religious insight, but categorically different from a claim to direct, authoritative revelation from the Lord himself.
Living And True God
Approved rendering: ಜೀವಸ್ವರೂಪಿಯೂ ಸತ್ಯಸ್ವರೂಪಿಯೂ ಆಗಿರುವ ದೇವರು
Transliteration: jīvasvarūpiyū satyasvarūpiyū āgiruva Dēvaru
Doctrine: Conversion from Idolatry
Original: θεῷ ζῶντι καὶ ἀληθινῷ
Category: God
NEW — 1 Thessalonians extension. Occurs 1:9, in direct antithesis to preceding ವಿಗ್ರಹಗಳು (idols). Do not abbreviate; the antithetical force depends on both adjectives (living, true) being present. Builds on the baseline caution that ದೇವರು must not be assimilated to an impersonal ultimate reality (e.g., Parashiva) with which a devotee’s identity is destined to merge.
Medium Risk Terms
Peace
Approved rendering: ಶಾಂತಿ
Transliteration: śānti
Doctrine: Hope in Grief
Rejected alternatives: ಮನಶ್ಶಾಂತಿ
Original: εἰρήνη
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Occurs 1:1; 5:23 (‘the God of peace himself’). Distinct from ಮನಶ್ಶಾಂತಿ, inner tranquility sought through bhakti devotion or Lingayat meditative discipline.
Church
Approved rendering: ಸಭೆ
Transliteration: sabhe
Doctrine: Unity of the Church Family
Rejected alternatives: ದೇವಸ್ಥಾನ, ಗುಡಿ
Original: ἐκκλησία
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Occurs 1:1; 2:14.
Kingdom Of God
Approved rendering: ದೇವರ ರಾಜ್ಯ
Transliteration: Dēvara Rājya
Doctrine: Divine Calling and Election
Original: βασιλεία τοῦ θεοῦ
Category: Kingdom
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Occurs 2:12, believers called into God’s kingdom and glory.
Gentiles
Approved rendering: ಅನ್ಯಜನಾಂಗದವರು
Transliteration: anyajanāṅgadavaru
Doctrine: Sexual Holiness
Rejected alternatives: ವಿದೇಶಿಯರು
Original: ἔθνη
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged term but FLAGGED SENSE-SHIFT: occurs 2:16; 4:5 in the broader ‘pagans who do not know God’ sense, not the Romans-specific Jew-Gentile salvation-history contrast.
Spiritual Sleep
Approved rendering: ನಿದ್ರೆ (ರೂಪಕಾತ್ಮಕ ಅರ್ಥದಲ್ಲಿ)
Transliteration: nidre (rūpakātmaka arthadalli)
Doctrine: Watchfulness and Moral Vigilance
Original: καθεύδω
Category: Sanctification
NEW — 1 Thessalonians extension. Occurs 5:6-7,10 (καθεύδω, moral complacency), a distinct Greek verb from κοιμάομαι’s death-euphemism. Must be kept visibly distinct in Kannada from ನಿದ್ರೆಹೋದವರು (the death-euphemism) to avoid implying the Christian dead are ‘morally careless’ rather than at rest awaiting resurrection.
Tempter
Approved rendering: ಶೋಧಕನು
Transliteration: śōdhakanu
Doctrine: Suffering and Affliction
Original: ὁ πειράζων
Category: Spiritual Warfare
NEW — 1 Thessalonians extension. Occurs 3:5. Personal, purposeful spiritual opposition seeking to make Paul’s labor ‘in vain’; pair consistently with the ‘satan’ entry.
Satan
Approved rendering: ಸೈತಾನ
Transliteration: saitāna
Doctrine: Suffering and Affliction
Original: ὁ σατανᾶς
Category: Spiritual Warfare
NEW — 1 Thessalonians extension. Occurs 2:18. Standard established transliteration, low ambiguity in Kannada Christian usage; personal, hostile spiritual being who hindered Paul’s travel plans.
Archangel
Approved rendering: ಪ್ರಧಾನ ದೂತ
Transliteration: pradhāna dūta
Doctrine: The Return of Christ
Original: ἀρχάγγελος
Category: Eschatology
NEW — 1 Thessalonians extension. Occurs 4:16. Must be kept as a created being under Christ’s command, not elevated to a semi-divine intercessory figure comparable to venerated saints/deities in popular devotion.
Trumpet Of God
Approved rendering: ದೇವರ ತುತ್ತೂರಿ
Transliteration: Dēvara tuttūri
Doctrine: The Return of Christ
Original: σάλπιγξ θεοῦ
Category: Eschatology
NEW — 1 Thessalonians extension. Occurs 4:16. ತುತ್ತೂರಿ is the standard Kannada Bible term for a trumpet/ram’s-horn instrument, low ambiguity.
Thief In The Night
Approved rendering: ರಾತ್ರಿಯಲ್ಲಿ ಕಳ್ಳನಂತೆ
Transliteration: rātriyalli kaḷḷanante
Doctrine: The Day of the Lord
Original: ὡς κλέπτης ἐν νυκτί
Category: Eschatology
NEW — 1 Thessalonians extension. Occurs 5:2,4. Idiom for the Day of the Lord’s suddenness and unpredictability, not the Lord’s moral character; retain literally, natural in Kannada.
Sons Of Light
Approved rendering: ಬೆಳಕಿನ ಮಕ್ಕಳು / ಹಗಲಿನ ಮಕ್ಕಳು
Transliteration: beḷakina makkaḷu / hagalina makkaḷu
Doctrine: The Day of the Lord
Original: υἱοὶ φωτός / υἱοὶ ἡμέρας
Category: Eschatology
NEW — 1 Thessalonians extension. Occurs 5:5. Keep relational/moral (belonging to God, awake to his purposes) rather than drifting toward inner mystical illumination (jñāna-prakāśa) imagery familiar from bhakti/yogic traditions, paralleling the Romans package’s caution on ‘glory.‘
Vessel
Approved rendering: ಪಾತ್ರೆ / ದೇಹ
Transliteration: pātre / dēha
Doctrine: Sexual Holiness
Original: σκεῦος
Category: Sanctification
NEW — 1 Thessalonians extension. Occurs 4:4 (σκεῦος). Genuinely ambiguous in Greek scholarship (own body vs. own wife); flag explicitly for theologian review in Phase 2 rather than silently resolving to one reading.
Taught By God
Approved rendering: ದೇವರಿಂದ ಕಲಿತ
Transliteration: Dēvarinda kalita
Doctrine: Brotherly Love and Practical Life
Original: θεοδίδακτος
Category: Sanctification
NEW — 1 Thessalonians extension. Occurs 4:9 (θεοδίδακτος). Internal, Spirit-given moral formation, distinct from human religious instruction such as guru-transmitted teaching.
Blameless
Approved rendering: ನಿರ್ದೋಷ
Transliteration: nirdōṣa
Doctrine: Assurance of God’s Faithfulness
Original: ἄμεμπτος
Category: Sanctification
NEW — 1 Thessalonians extension. Occurs 2:10; 3:13; 5:23. Recommend a consistent Kannada rendering across all three occurrences for cross-chapter theological continuity.
Steadfastness Of Hope
Approved rendering: ಭರವಸೆಯ ತಾಳ್ಮೆ
Transliteration: bharavaseya tāḷme
Doctrine: The Faith, Love, and Hope Triad
Original: ὑπομονὴ τῆς ἐλπίδος
Category: Faith
NEW — 1 Thessalonians extension. Occurs 1:3. Directly links ‘Hope in Grief’ to ‘The Return of Christ’; hope in Christ’s return sustains present endurance.
Full Conviction
Approved rendering: ಪೂರ್ಣ ದೃಢನಿಶ್ಚಯ
Transliteration: pūrṇa dṛḍhaniścaya
Doctrine: Gospel Proclamation
Original: πληροφορία
Category: Faith
NEW — 1 Thessalonians extension. Occurs 1:5. Settled certainty accompanying the Thessalonians’ reception of the gospel, distinguished from tentative curiosity.
Sudden Destruction
Approved rendering: ಹಠಾತ್ ನಾಶನ
Transliteration: haṭhāt nāśana
Doctrine: The Day of the Lord
Original: ὄλεθρος αἰφνίδιος
Category: Eschatology
NEW — 1 Thessalonians extension. Occurs 5:3. Paired with the ‘labor pains’ idiom for suddenness and inevitability at the Day of the Lord.
Affliction
Approved rendering: ಸಂಕಟ / ಬಾಧೆ
Transliteration: saṅkaṭa / bādhe
Doctrine: Suffering and Affliction
Original: θλῖψις
Category: Church
NEW — 1 Thessalonians extension. Occurs 1:6; 3:3,7. Standard term for persecution-suffering, coexisting with the Spirit’s joy (1:6).
Low Risk Terms
Thanksgiving
Approved rendering: ಕೃತಜ್ಞತಾಸ್ತುತಿ
Transliteration: kṛtajñatāstuti
Doctrine: Prayer and Thanksgiving in All Circumstances
Original: εὐχαριστία
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Occurs 1:2; 2:13; 3:9; 5:18.
Exhort
Approved rendering: ಪ್ರೋತ್ಸಾಹಿಸುವುದು
Transliteration: prōtsāhisuvudu
Doctrine: Mutual Edification through Eschatological Hope
Original: παρακαλέω
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Occurs 2:12; 3:2,7; 4:1,10,18; 5:11,14. In the grief-comfort context of 4:18/5:11, pair with ಸಂತೈಸು (console) if ಪ್ರೋತ್ಸಾಹಿಸಿರಿ alone reads too generically motivational.
Love
Approved rendering: ಪ್ರೀತಿ
Transliteration: prīti
Doctrine: The Faith, Love, and Hope Triad
Original: ἀγάπη
Category: Faith
NEW — 1 Thessalonians extension. Occurs 1:3; 3:6,12; 4:9; 5:8,13. Standard established Kannada Christian term; part of the faith-love-hope triad, described by its fruit (‘labor of love’) rather than sentiment alone.
Brotherly Love
Approved rendering: ಸಹೋದರ ಪ್ರೀತಿ
Transliteration: sahōdara prīti
Doctrine: Brotherly Love and Practical Life
Original: φιλαδελφία
Category: Church
NEW — 1 Thessalonians extension. Occurs 4:9. Standard, low risk.
Imitators
Approved rendering: ಅನುಕರಿಸುವವರು
Transliteration: anukarisuvavaru
Doctrine: Suffering and Affliction
Original: μιμηταί
Category: Church
NEW — 1 Thessalonians extension. Occurs 1:6; 2:14. Standard, low risk; following the pattern of Paul, the Lord, and the Judean churches under affliction.
Crown Of Boasting
Approved rendering: ಹೆಗ್ಗಳಿಕೆಯ ಕಿರೀಟ
Transliteration: heggaḷikeya kirīṭa
Doctrine: The Return of Christ
Original: στέφανος καυχήσεως
Category: Eschatology
NEW — 1 Thessalonians extension. Occurs 2:19. Links present pastoral ministry to the future Parousia.
Paul
Approved rendering: ಪೌಲ
Transliteration: Paula
Doctrine: Apostolic Integrity and Ministry
Original: Παῦλος
Category: Church
NEW — 1 Thessalonians extension (established Kannada Bible proper-name form, per the AI Translation Requirements transliteration standards). Occurs 1:1.
Timothy
Approved rendering: ತಿಮೊಥೆ
Transliteration: Timothe
Doctrine: Apostolic Integrity and Ministry
Original: Τιμόθεος
Category: Church
NEW — 1 Thessalonians extension. Established Kannada Bible proper-name form. Occurs 1:1; 3:2,6.
Silvanus
Approved rendering: ಸೀಲ
Transliteration: Sīla
Doctrine: Apostolic Integrity and Ministry
Original: Σιλουανός
Category: Church
NEW — 1 Thessalonians extension. Established Kannada Bible proper-name form, also called Silas in Acts. Occurs 1:1.
Referenced passages