Core Glossary
08 — Core Glossary: 1 John
| # | English term | Original (Greek) | Transliteration | Kannada rendering | Risk | Doctrine | Status | Chapters | Notes / rejected alternatives |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | love (noun/verb) | ἀγάπη / ἀγαπάω | agapē / agapaō | ಪ್ರೀತಿ / ಪ್ರೀತಿಸು | Critical | God is Light and God is Love | NEW | 2,3,4,5 | Rejected: ಪ್ರೇಮ (Haridasa Krishna-bhakti romantic/devotional love), ಭಕ್ತಿ (devotional surrender, already rejected in Romans baseline for “faith”), ಕಾಮ (desire/lust). “God is love” (4:8,16) is a being-defining identity claim, not one attribute among several (cf. Shakta goddess traditions where compassion is one aspect among many). Mandatory theologian review at 4:8,16 and wherever contrasted with works/merit. |
| 2 | light / darkness | φῶς / σκότος | phōs / skotos | ಬೆಳಕು / ಕತ್ತಲೆ | Critical | God is Light and God is Love | NEW | 1,2 | Rejected: leaving unglossed, which risks merging with the Lingayat jyotirlinga (Shiva’s light-form) concept and pan-Hindu jñāna-as-light-dispelling-ignorance imagery. Must anchor to 1:6-10’s moral/truthfulness referent, not mystical illumination. |
| 3 | fellowship | κοινωνία | koinōnia | ಅನ್ಯೋನ್ಯತೆ | Low | Fellowship with God and One Another | REUSE (baseline) | 1 | Exactly as Romans baseline; shared participation in Christ, not mere social association. |
| 4 | confess (sin) | ὁμολογέω | homologeō | ಪಾಪಗಳನ್ನು ಒಪ್ಪಿಕೊಳ್ಳುವುದು | High | Confession and Forgiveness of Sin | NEW | 1 | Context-sensitive: same Greek verb also used for confessing Christ’s identity (#5). Track sense per occurrence. |
| 5 | confess (Christ’s identity) | ὁμολογέω | homologeō | ಒಪ್ಪಿಕೊಳ್ಳುವುದು (ಯೇಸು ದೇವರ ಮಗನೆಂದು) | Critical | The Incarnation and Antichrist; Assurance of Salvation | NEW | 2,4 | Structural parallel to Romans 10:9’s ಯೇಸು ಕರ್ತನಾಗಿದ್ದಾನೆ confession; render consistently at 2:23, 4:2, 4:15 per baseline’s cross-document consistency rule. |
| 6 | forgive / cleanse | ἀφίημι / καθαρίζω | aphiēmi / katharizō | ಕ್ಷಮಿಸು / ಶುದ್ಧೀಕರಿಸುವುದು | High | Confession and Forgiveness of Sin | NEW | 1 | ಶುದ್ಧೀಕರಿಸುವುದು distinguished from ಶುದ್ಧ (ritual purity, per Romans baseline’s holy/holy_spirit notes) — this is moral/forensic cleansing via Christ’s blood. |
| 7 | blood (of Jesus) | αἷμα | haima | ರಕ್ತ | High | Confession and Forgiveness of Sin | NEW | 1 | Distinguish from repeated folk/Shakta blood-offering practices (e.g., animal sacrifice to village deities); Christ’s blood is a once-for-all completed atonement, not a repeated ritual offering. |
| 8 | advocate | παράκλητος | paraklētos | ಮಧ್ಯಸ್ಥಗಾರ | Critical | Confession and Forgiveness of Sin | NEW | 2 | Built on Romans baseline’s ಮಧ್ಯಸ್ಥಿಕೆ (intercession) root. Distinguish Christ’s unique advocacy from ritual intermediation through saints/gurus/ancestors or an ishta-devata mediating to a remote high God. |
| 9 | propitiation / atoning sacrifice | ἱλασμός | hilasmos | ಪ್ರಾಯಶ್ಚಿತ್ತ ಬಲಿ | Critical | Confession and Forgiveness of Sin | NEW | 2,4 | Rejected: bare ಪ್ರಾಯಶ್ಚಿತ್ತ alone (implies self-performed Hindu penance/expiation). Compound with ಬಲಿ (sacrifice) and framed as God’s own initiative (“sent”) to preserve divine-provision sense. |
| 10 | commandment | ἐντολή | entolē | ಆಜ್ಞೆ | Medium | Love for the Brethren; general | NEW | 2,3,4,5 | Standard term; low collision risk on its own, doctrinally significant when paired with ಪ್ರೀತಿ. |
| 11 | keep (commandments) | τηρέω | tēreō | ಪಾಲಿಸುವುದು / ಕಾಪಾಡುವುದು | Medium | Love for the Brethren; Obedience of Faith (cf. Romans baseline) | NEW | 2,3,5 | Obedience as evidence/fruit of relationship, consistent with Romans baseline’s obedience_of_faith doctrine — not self-generated merit. |
| 12 | world (organized system opposed to God) | κόσμος | kosmos | ಲೋಕ | High | Overcoming the World | NEW | 2,3,4,5 | Distinguish from Hindu cosmology’s multiple lokas and from māyā (illusion-to-be-transcended); κόσμος here is a real moral-spiritual system to be overcome by faith, not escaped via enlightenment. Track dual sense: object of God’s redeeming love (4:9) vs. system not to be loved (2:15). |
| 13 | world (object of God’s saving love) | κόσμος | kosmos | ಲೋಕ | Critical | The Incarnation; Assurance of Salvation | NEW | 4 | Same Kannada term as #12; sense must be disambiguated by context and flagged with translator notes distinguishing the two uses. |
| 14 | desires of flesh/eyes, pride of life | ἐπιθυμία, ἀλαζονεία τοῦ βίου | epithymia, alazoneia tou biou | ಶರೀರದ ಆಶೆ / ಕಣ್ಣುಗಳ ಆಶೆ / ಜೀವನದ ಜಂಬ | Medium | Overcoming the World | NEW | 2 | Standard moral-diagnostic vocabulary; low collision risk. |
| 15 | antichrist | ἀντίχριστος | antichristos | ಕ್ರಿಸ್ತ ವಿರೋಧಿ | Critical | The Incarnation and Antichrist | NEW | 2,4 | Rejected: ಅಸುರ, ರಾಕ್ಷಸ (generic Puranic demon-antagonist vocabulary) — this is a specifically christological denial (of the Father-Son relation and true incarnation), not a generic mythological villain. |
| 16 | anointing | χρῖσμα | chrisma | ಅಭಿಷೇಕ | High | The Incarnation and Antichrist; Assurance of Salvation | NEW | 2 | Grounded risk: ಅಭಿಷೇಕ is the standard term for ritual anointing of deity-images/dignitaries (cf. Mahamastakabhisheka at Shravanabelagola). Must be glossed as the Spirit’s internal, non-ritual teaching presence given to every believer. |
| 17 | come in the flesh | ἐν σαρκὶ ἐληλυθότα | en sarki elēlythota | ಶರೀರದಲ್ಲಿ ಬಂದ | Critical | The Incarnation and Antichrist | NEW | 4 | Draws on Romans baseline’s ದೇಹಧಾರಣೆ (incarnation) vocabulary exactly; never ಅವತಾರ. The letter’s single decisive spirit-testing criterion (4:2-3). |
| 18 | Son of God | υἱὸς τοῦ θεοῦ | huios tou theou | ದೇವರ ಮಗ | Critical | The Incarnation and Antichrist; Assurance of Salvation | REUSE (baseline) | 3,4,5 | Exactly as Romans baseline; full phrase required, never abbreviated. |
| 19 | only/unique Son | μονογενής | monogenēs | ಒಬ್ಬನೇ ಮಗ (ದೇವರ ಒಬ್ಬನೇ ಮಗ) | Critical | The Incarnation and Antichrist | NEW | 4 | Combines with #18; must not be softened toward one avatar-descent among several (Haridasa daśāvatāra framework). |
| 20 | Savior of the world | σωτὴρ τοῦ κόσμου | sōtēr tou kosmou | ಲೋಕದ ರಕ್ಷಕ | Critical | Assurance of Salvation and Eternal Life | NEW | 4 | Built on Romans baseline’s ರಕ್ಷಣೆ root. Preserve both universal scope and exclusive identity — not one ishta-devata/avatar among many. |
| 21 | testify / testimony | μαρτυρέω / μαρτυρία | martyreō / martyria | ಸಾಕ್ಷಿ ಹೇಳುವುದು / ಸಾಕ್ಷಿ | Medium | Assurance of Salvation and Eternal Life | NEW | 1,4,5 | Anchors apostolic claims in eyewitness history; distinguish from vachana/kirtane devotional literature (per Romans baseline’s inspiration_of_scripture note), which is treasured but not eyewitness apostolic testimony. |
| 22 | abide / remain | μένω | menō | ನೆಲೆಗೊಂಡಿರುವುದು | Critical | Fellowship with God and One Another; Assurance | NEW | 2,3,4 | Rejected/flagged risk: assimilation to Veerashaiva Aikya-merger (already forbidden for “salvation” in Romans baseline) or Advaitic ātman-Brahman identity. Must remain mutual, reciprocal, but non-merging communion between distinct persons. Highest-frequency new term in the letter (6x in 4:7-21 alone). |
| 23 | perfect / perfected (love) | τελειόω / τέλειος | teleioō / teleios | ಪರಿಪೂರ್ಣಗೊಳಿಸು / ಪರಿಪೂರ್ಣ | High | God is Light and God is Love; Assurance | NEW | 2,4 | Distinguish from the Lingayat shatsthala path’s self-perfection stages toward Aikya; here God’s love reaches its goal in and through believers, not human devotional attainment. |
| 24 | spirit (Holy Spirit, capitalized) | πνεῦμα (ἅγιον) | pneuma (hagion) | ಪವಿತ್ರಾತ್ಮ | Critical | Testing the Spirits; Fellowship | REUSE (baseline) | 3,4,5 | Exactly as Romans baseline; never ಪರಮಾತ್ಮ. |
| 25 | spirit(s) (generic — to be tested) | πνεῦμα | pneuma | ಆತ್ಮ / ಆತ್ಮಗಳು | High | Testing the Spirits | NEW | 4 | Grounded risk: ಆತ್ಮ is also the standard term for ātman (individual self/soul in Vedantic philosophy, ultimately identical with Brahman in Advaita). Must be clearly glossed as “a personal spiritual influence, true or false, behind a teacher/teaching,” not the philosophical self-category. Always distinguish from capitalized #24. |
| 26 | test (the spirits) | δοκιμάζω | dokimazō | ಪರೀಕ್ಷಿಸು | High | Testing the Spirits | NEW | 4 | Active, ongoing discernment obligation for believers; pairs with #25. |
| 27 | spirit of error / spirit of truth | πνεῦμα τῆς πλάνης / τῆς ἀληθείας | pneuma tēs planēs / alētheias | ಭ್ರಮೆಯ ಆತ್ಮ / ಸತ್ಯದ ಆತ್ಮ | High | Testing the Spirits | NEW | 4 | Same ಆತ್ಮ-collision caution as #25. |
| 28 | truth / lie | ἀλήθεια / ψεῦδος | alētheia / pseudos | ಸತ್ಯ / ಸುಳ್ಳು | Medium | Testing the Spirits; general | NEW | 2,4,5 | Standard vocabulary; low collision risk on its own. |
| 29 | children of God | τέκνα θεοῦ | tekna theou | ದೇವರ ಮಕ್ಕಳು | High | Love for the Brethren as Evidence of New Birth | NEW | 3 | Distinguish from Romans baseline’s ದತ್ತು ಪುತ್ರತ್ವ (adoption/υἱοθεσία — legal placement nuance); τέκνα emphasizes organic begetting (new birth). Both describe the same secure sonship; cross-reference, do not present as contradictory. Must not be flattened into a pantheistic “all beings are already God’s children” reading, which would erase 3:10’s dividing line. |
| 30 | born of God | γεννάω ἐκ τοῦ θεοῦ | gennaō ek tou theou | ದೇವರಿಂದ ಹುಟ್ಟಿದವರು | Critical | Love for the Brethren as Evidence of New Birth | NEW | 2,3,4,5 | Rejected: ಪುನರ್ಜನ್ಮ (reincarnation, forbidden in Romans baseline). Also distinguish from ದ್ವಿಜ (“twice-born” caste-conditioned second birth via upanayana) — new birth here is universal, faith-based, not caste-restricted. |
| 31 | seed (of God, abiding in the believer) | σπέρμα (αὐτοῦ) | sperma autou | ದೇವರ ಬೀಜ | High | Love for the Brethren as Evidence of New Birth | NEW | 3 | Distinguish from the Vedantic image of ātman as an innate divine spark/fragment of Brahman present in all by nature; this seed is implanted only through new birth by faith, not a universal human endowment awaiting self-realization. |
| 32 | devil | διάβολος | diabolos | ಸೈತಾನ | High | Love for the Brethren; Testing the Spirits | NEW | 3 | Rejected: ದೆವ್ವ (generic Kannada folk-religious malevolent-ghost/spirit-possession category). ಸೈತಾನ preserves the personal, singular, fallen-angelic biblical figure. |
| 33 | purify oneself | ἁγνίζω | hagnizō | ನಿರ್ಮಲಗೊಳಿಸಿಕೊಳ್ಳುವುದು | Medium | Assurance of Salvation and Eternal Life | NEW | 3 | Distinguish from ಪವಿತ್ರ (relational holiness/God’s declaration, per Romans baseline); this is the believer’s responsive moral effort, not the ground of standing before God. |
| 34 | love in deed and truth | ἐν ἔργῳ καὶ ἀληθείᾳ | en ergō kai alētheia | ಕಾರ್ಯದಲ್ಲಿ ಮತ್ತು ಸತ್ಯದಲ್ಲಿ (ಪ್ರೀತಿ) | Medium | Love for the Brethren as Evidence of New Birth | NEW | 3 | Practical, verifiable love (cf. 3:17’s material-generosity test), not mere sentiment or word. |
| 35 | heart condemns | ἡ καρδία καταγινώσκῃ | hē kardia kataginōskē | ಹೃದಯ ಆಪಾದಿಸುವುದು / ಖಂಡಿಸುವುದು | Medium-High | Assurance of Salvation and Eternal Life | NEW | 3 | Assurance rests on God’s greater knowledge/character, not conscience’s fluctuating self-verdict. |
| 36 | confidence / boldness | παρρησία | parrēsia | ಭರವಸೆ | High | Assurance of Salvation and Eternal Life | NEW | 3,4,5 | Consistent with Romans baseline’s ರಕ್ಷಣೆಯ ಭರವಸೆ (assurance_of_salvation doctrine). Distinguish from the Lingayat shatsthala path’s uncertain, incremental attainment-progress. |
| 37 | day of judgment | ἡμέρα τῆς κρίσεως | hēmera tēs kriseōs | ನ್ಯಾಯತೀರ್ಪಿನ ದಿನ | High | Assurance of Salvation and Eternal Life | NEW | 4 | One final, personal divine tribunal — not an impersonal, ongoing karmic accounting across lifetimes (cf. Romans baseline’s providence note). |
| 38 | fear | φόβος | phobos | ಭಯ | Medium | God is Light and God is Love | NEW | 4 | The specific dread of judgment/punishment displaced by mature, assured love; distinguish from reverent “fear of the Lord” elsewhere in Scripture. |
| 39 | punishment/torment | κόλασις | kolasis | ಶಿಕ್ಷೆ | Low-Medium | God is Light and God is Love | NEW | 4 | Standard judicial-penalty term. |
| 40 | brother (fellow believer) | ἀδελφός | adelphos | ಸಹೋದರ | Medium | Love for the Brethren as Evidence of New Birth | NEW | 2,3,4 | Spiritual kinship term, caste-and-community-neutral; resonates with Romans baseline’s unity_of_jews_and_gentiles/universal_scope_of_gospel doctrines. |
| 41 | overcome (the world) | νικάω | nikaō | ಜಯಿಸುವುದು | Critical | Overcoming the World | NEW | 5 | Grounded risk unique to this book: parallels Jain “Jina” (Conqueror) category prominent in Karnataka (Shravanabelagola, Moodbidri, Karkala) — ascetic self-conquest of karma/worldly bondage. 1 John grounds victory in faith and new birth, a gift, not ascetic self-achievement. |
| 42 | faith | πίστις | pistis | ನಂಬಿಕೆ | Critical | Overcoming the World; Assurance | REUSE (baseline) | 5 | Exactly as Romans baseline; never ಭಕ್ತಿ. |
| 43 | water, blood, Spirit (threefold witness) | ὕδωρ, αἷμα, πνεῦμα | hydōr, haima, pneuma | ನೀರು, ರಕ್ತ, ಪವಿತ್ರಾತ್ಮ | High | Assurance of Salvation and Eternal Life | NEW | 5 | ರಕ್ತ and ಪವಿತ್ರಾತ್ಮ reused from earlier entries/baseline; ನೀರು new. Textual-critical note (Johannine Comma) flagged for translator awareness only, not adjudicated here. |
| 44 | eternal life | ζωὴ αἰώνιος | zōē aiōnios | ನಿತ್ಯಜೀವ | Critical | Assurance of Salvation and Eternal Life | NEW | 2,3,5 | Rejected: ಮೋಕ್ಷ, ಮುಕ್ತಿ (forbidden in Romans baseline). Distinguish from Aikya-merger; unending, conscious, personal relational life in the Son, not dissolution of personhood. |
| 45 | sin leading to death / not leading to death | ἁμαρτία πρὸς θάνατον | hamartia pros thanaton | ಮರಣಕ್ಕೆ ನಡೆಸುವ ಪಾಪ / ಮರಣಕ್ಕೆ ನಡೆಸದ ಪಾಪ | High | Confession and Forgiveness of Sin; Assurance | NEW | 5 | Reuses ಪಾಪ exactly from baseline; pastorally sensitive distinction, theologian review recommended to avoid false assurance or despair. |
| 46 | the evil one | ὁ πονηρός | ho ponēros | ಕೆಡುಕನು / ದುಷ್ಟನು | High | Overcoming the World; Testing the Spirits | NEW | 5 | Identified with ಸೈತಾನ (#32) as the same personal adversary, not an impersonal evil force or karmic residue. |
| 47 | the true God | ὁ ἀληθινὸς θεός | ho alēthinos theos | ಸತ್ಯದೇವರು / ನಿಜದೇವರು | Critical | Assurance of Salvation and Eternal Life | NEW | 5 | Pairs with baseline’s ದೇವರು; sets up the closing idols warning. |
| 48 | idols | εἴδωλον | eidōlon | ವಿಗ್ರಹ | Critical | Assurance of Salvation and Eternal Life; (implicit) Overcoming the World | NEW | 5 | Highest cultural salience in the letter. Note partial, genuine convergence with historic Lingayat rejection of temple-idol worship (favoring the personal ishtalinga) — convergence is partial only, since the ishtalinga remains a mediating physical object; 1 John excludes any mediating object whatsoever. Theologian review mandatory; handle pastorally. |
| 49 | word of life | λόγος τῆς ζωῆς | logos tēs zōēs | ಜೀವದ ವಾಕ್ಯ | Critical | The Incarnation and Antichrist | NEW | 1 | Echoes John 1:1 Logos-Christology; retain the letter’s emphatic eyewitness/tactile language (heard, seen, looked upon, touched) from 1:1-3. |
| 50 | walk (conduct) | περιπατέω | peripateō | ನಡೆಯುವುದು | Medium | God is Light and God is Love | NEW | 1,2 | Standard idiom for ethical conduct/lifestyle. |
| 51 | God | θεός | theos | ದೇವರು | Critical | (all doctrines) | REUSE (baseline) | all | Exactly as Romans baseline; never ಭಗವಂತ or ಪರಶಿವ substitutions. |
| 52 | Father | πατήρ | patēr | ತಂದೆ | Critical | Fellowship with God; Love for the Brethren | REUSE (baseline) | 1,2,3,4,5 | Exactly as Romans baseline. |
| 53 | Jesus / Jesus Christ | Ἰησοῦς (Χριστός) | Iēsous (Christos) | ಯೇಸು (ಕ್ರಿಸ್ತ) | Critical | (all doctrines) | REUSE (baseline) | all | Exactly as Romans baseline. |
| 54 | sin | ἁμαρτία | hamartia | ಪಾಪ | High | Confession and Forgiveness of Sin | REUSE (baseline) | 1,2,3,5 | Exactly as Romans baseline. |
| 55 | righteous / righteousness | δίκαιος / δικαιοσύνη | dikaios / dikaiosynē | ನೀತಿವಂತ / ನೀತಿವಂತಿಕೆ | Critical | Love for the Brethren; Confession and Forgiveness | REUSE (baseline) | 1,2,3 | Exactly as Romans baseline; never ಧರ್ಮ. |
| 56 | faithful | πιστός | pistos | ನಂಬಿಗಸ್ತ | Medium | Confession and Forgiveness of Sin | NEW (built on baseline ನಂಬಿಕೆ root) | 1 | Describes God’s own trustworthy character (1:9). |
| 57 | hope | ἐλπίς | elpis | ನಿರೀಕ್ಷೆ | Medium | Assurance of Salvation and Eternal Life | NEW | 3 | Future-oriented confident expectation of Christlikeness (3:2-3). |
| 58 | new/old commandment | ἐντολὴ καινή / παλαιά | entolē kainē / palaia | ಹೊಸ ಆಜ್ಞೆ / ಹಳೆಯ ಆಜ್ಞೆ | Medium | Love for the Brethren as Evidence of New Birth | NEW | 2 | The love-command, ancient yet freshly realized in the gospel age. |
Risk Tier Summary (1 John new/extended terms)
| Risk | Count (new terms) | Review routing |
|---|---|---|
| Critical | 15 | Human theologian (mandatory) |
| High | 18 | Human theologian |
| Medium | 14 | Native speaker review |
| Low | 2 | Automated review |
| REUSE (baseline, unchanged) | 9 | Per baseline routing already established |
Total new/extended glossary entries for 1 John: 58 (including baseline reuse citations for cross-reference completeness). All Critical and High entries above require theologian review before any Phase 2 segment is finalized, consistent with the baseline’s doctrine_risk_registry.json review-routing convention.
Critical Risk Terms
God
Approved rendering: ದೇವರು
Transliteration: Dēvaru
Doctrine: God is Light and God is Love
Rejected alternatives: ಭಗವಂತ, ಪರಶಿವ
Original: θεός
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. CRITICAL: never ಭಗವಂತ (generic deity honorific) or ಪರಶಿವ (Lingayat formless ultimate Shiva, whose relationship to the devotee still ends in Aikya-merger). In 1 John this term additionally anchors the being-defining claims ‘God is light’ (1:5) and ‘God is love’ (4:8,16).
Father
Approved rendering: ತಂದೆ
Transliteration: Tande
Doctrine: Fellowship with God and One Another
Rejected alternatives: ಸೃಷ್ಟಿಕರ್ತ
Original: πατήρ
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Personal, relational Father; grounds 1 John’s new-birth and children-of-God vocabulary (2:1; 3:1).
Jesus
Approved rendering: ಯೇಸು
Transliteration: Yēsu
Doctrine: The Incarnation and Antichrist
Rejected alternatives: ಈಸಾ
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Standard Kannada Christian form.
Son Of God
Approved rendering: ದೇವರ ಮಗ
Transliteration: Dēvara Maga
Doctrine: Deity and Sonship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: ದೇವಮಾನವ
Original: υἱὸς τοῦ θεοῦ
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Full phrase required, never abbreviated. Central to 1 John’s confession-formula test (2:23; 4:15; 5:5,10-13).
Holy Spirit
Approved rendering: ಪವಿತ್ರಾತ್ಮ
Transliteration: Pavitrātma
Doctrine: Testing the Spirits
Rejected alternatives: ಪರಮಾತ್ಮ, ಆತ್ಮ (uncapitalized generic)
Original: πνεῦμα ἅγιον
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Must remain visibly distinct in every translator note from the letter’s own generic, lower-case ಆತ್ಮ/ಆತ್ಮಗಳು (‘spirit(s) to be tested,’ 4:1-6), which never refers to this Person.
Righteousness
Approved rendering: ನೀತಿವಂತಿಕೆ
Transliteration: nītivantike
Doctrine: Confession and Forgiveness of Sin
Rejected alternatives: ಧರ್ಮ, ಪುಣ್ಯ
Original: δικαιοσύνη / δίκαιος
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. CRITICAL: never ಧರ್ಮ. Used of both God’s character (1:9, ‘faithful and just’) and the believer’s practice (2:29; 3:7,10).
Love
Approved rendering: ಪ್ರೀತಿ
Transliteration: prīti
Doctrine: God is Light and God is Love
Rejected alternatives: ಪ್ರೇಮ, ಭಕ್ತಿ, ಕಾಮ
Original: ἀγάπη / ἀγαπάω
Category: Love
NEW. Verb ಪ್ರೀತಿಸು. Never ಪ್ರೇಮ (Haridasa Krishna-bhakti’s romantic/devotional madhurya-bhakti love), never ಭಕ್ತಿ (devotional surrender, already rejected for ‘faith’), never ಕಾಮ (desire/lust). ‘God is love’ (4:8,16) is a being-defining identity claim, not one attribute among several as in Karnataka’s Shakta goddess traditions (e.g. Chamundeshwari). Mandatory theologian review at every occurrence in 4:7-21 and wherever contrasted with works/merit (4:10,19).
Light
Approved rendering: ಬೆಳಕು
Transliteration: beḷaku
Doctrine: God is Light and God is Love
Original: φῶς
Category: God
NEW. ‘God is light’ (1:5) is an identity statement anchored to moral truthfulness and freedom from sin (1:6-10), not mystical illumination. Must not be left to default toward the Lingayat jyotirlinga (Shiva’s light-form) concept or the pan-Hindu equation of enlightenment/moksha with jñāna dispelling avidyā (ignorance). Mandatory translator note at first occurrence (1:5).
Confess Christ
Approved rendering: ಒಪ್ಪಿಕೊಳ್ಳುವುದು (ಯೇಸು ದೇವರ ಮಗನೆಂದು)
Transliteration: oppikoḷḷuvudu (Yēsu Dēvara Maganendu)
Doctrine: The Incarnation and Antichrist
Original: ὁμολογέω (Ἰησοῦν… τὸν υἱὸν τοῦ θεοῦ / ἐν σαρκὶ ἐληλυθότα)
Category: Christology
NEW. Structural parallel to the Romans baseline’s Romans 10:9 confession (ಯೇಸು ಕರ್ತನಾಗಿದ್ದಾನೆ). Render identically at every occurrence (2:23; 4:2; 4:15; 5:1,5,10-13) per the cross-document consistency rule.
Advocate
Approved rendering: ಮಧ್ಯಸ್ಥಗಾರ
Transliteration: madhyasthagāra
Doctrine: Confession and Forgiveness of Sin
Original: παράκλητος
Category: Salvation
NEW. Built on the Romans baseline’s ಮಧ್ಯಸ್ಥಿಕೆ (intercession) root. Christ himself pleads believers’ cause before the Father (2:1); must stay exclusive, never assimilated to ritual intermediation through saints, gurus, ancestors, or an ishta-devata mediating to a remote high God. Note for future cross-document harmonization: distinct from John 14-16’s παράκλητος sense (Holy Spirit as Comforter), outside this curriculum’s scope.
Propitiation
Approved rendering: ಪಾಪಗಳಿಗೆ ಪ್ರಾಯಶ್ಚಿತ್ತ ಬಲಿ
Transliteration: pāpagaḷige prāyaścitta bali
Doctrine: Confession and Forgiveness of Sin
Rejected alternatives: ಪ್ರಾಯಶ್ಚಿತ್ತ (bare, unbound)
Original: ἱλασμός
Category: Salvation
NEW. Never leave ಪ್ರಾಯಶ್ಚಿತ್ತ unbound from ಬಲಿ — bare ಪ್ರಾಯಶ್ಚಿತ್ತ names a self-performed Hindu penance/expiatory act (fasting, pilgrimage, ritual bathing), the exact reversal of this doctrine’s divine-initiative logic. Always pair with a verb of God’s own sending (2:2; 4:10) to keep the initiative unmistakably his.
World
Approved rendering: ಲೋಕ
Transliteration: lōka
Doctrine: Overcoming the World
Original: κόσμος
Category: Ethics
NEW. Carries two distinct senses in 1 John: (a) the created human realm, object of God’s redeeming love and the Son’s saving mission (4:9,14); (b) the organized system of values opposed to God, not to be loved and to be overcome (2:15-17; 5:4-5,19). Same Kannada word for both; sense must be disambiguated by context and flagged with translator notes at every occurrence. Distinguish from Hindu cosmology’s multiple lokas and from māyā (illusion-to-be-transcended) — 1 John’s κόσμος is a real moral-spiritual arena, never illusion.
Antichrist
Approved rendering: ಕ್ರಿಸ್ತ ವಿರೋಧಿ
Transliteration: Krista virōdhi
Doctrine: The Incarnation and Antichrist
Rejected alternatives: ಅಸುರ, ರಾಕ್ಷಸ, ಆಂಟಿಕ್ರೈಸ್ತ (transliteration)
Original: ἀντίχριστος
Category: Christology
NEW. Transparent compound (‘opponent of Christ’). Never ಅಸುರ or ರಾಕ್ಷಸ (generic Puranic demon-antagonist vocabulary), which would recast a specifically christological denial (of the Father-Son relation and true incarnation, 2:18-23; 4:3) as a generic mythological villain-figure.
Come In The Flesh
Approved rendering: ಶರೀರದಲ್ಲಿ ಬಂದ
Transliteration: śarīradalli banda
Doctrine: The Incarnation and Antichrist
Rejected alternatives: ಅವತಾರ (never)
Original: ἐν σαρκὶ ἐληλυθότα (Ἰησοῦν Χριστόν)
Category: Christology
NEW. Draws on the Romans baseline’s established ದೇಹಧಾರಣೆ (incarnation) vocabulary. The letter’s single decisive spirit-testing criterion (4:2-3): never soften ಶರೀರ toward a temporary or illusory appearance (the opponents’ docetic-adjacent error), nor toward an avatāra’s periodic, repeatable bodily descent.
Only Son
Approved rendering: ದೇವರ ಒಬ್ಬನೇ ಮಗ
Transliteration: Dēvara obbanē maga
Doctrine: The Incarnation and Antichrist
Rejected alternatives: ಮೊನೊಜೆನೆಸ್ (bare transliteration)
Original: μονογενής
Category: Christology
NEW. Combines the baseline’s ದೇವರ ಮಗ with ಒಬ್ಬನೇ (‘only/singular one’) to carry μονογενής (4:9). Must never be softened toward a Haridasa-bhakti framing in which Krishna is one avatar-descent among Vishnu’s ten (daśāvatāra); this Son is sent once, uniquely.
Savior Of The World
Approved rendering: ಲೋಕದ ರಕ್ಷಕ
Transliteration: lōkada rakṣaka
Doctrine: Assurance of Salvation and Eternal Life
Original: σωτὴρ τοῦ κόσμου
Category: Salvation
NEW. Built on the Romans baseline’s ರಕ್ಷಣೆ root (4:14). Preserve both universal scope (no caste or community excluded) and exclusive identity (this Savior, not one ishta-devata among several, nor one avatar among Vishnu’s ten).
Abide Remain
Approved rendering: ನೆಲೆಗೊಂಡಿರುವುದು
Transliteration: nelegoṇḍiruvudu
Doctrine: Fellowship with God and One Another
Original: μένω
Category: Fellowship
NEW. The letter’s highest-frequency new term (μένω, ~24x total; 6x in 4:12-16 alone). Grounded risk: assimilation to (1) the Veerashaiva/Lingayat shatsthala path’s culminating Aikya stage (identity merger/dissolution into Shiva, already forbidden for ‘salvation’ in the Romans baseline), and (2) Advaita Vedanta’s non-dual ātman-Brahman identity. 1 John’s abiding is mutual, reciprocal communion between two parties who both remain personally distinct — never a merger of being. Mandatory translator note and theologian review at every occurrence.
Born Of God
Approved rendering: ದೇವರಿಂದ ಹುಟ್ಟಿದವರು
Transliteration: Dēvarinda huṭṭidavaru
Doctrine: Love for the Brethren as Evidence of New Birth
Rejected alternatives: ಪುನರ್ಜನ್ಮ (forbidden), ದ್ವಿಜ-adjacent framing (forbidden)
Original: γεννάω ἐκ τοῦ θεοῦ
Category: New Birth
NEW. Never ಪುನರ್ಜನ್ಮ (reincarnation, already forbidden in the Romans baseline). Also distinguish from ದ್ವಿಜ (‘twice-born’ caste-conditioned second birth via upanayana, conferred only on specific castes) — new birth here (2:29; 3:9; 4:7; 5:1,4,18) is universal, faith-based, and open to every believer regardless of caste. Mandatory theologian review at every occurrence.
Overcome The World
Approved rendering: ಜಯಿಸುವುದು
Transliteration: jayisuvudu
Doctrine: Overcoming the World
Original: νικάω (τὸν κόσμον)
Category: Faith
NEW. Grounded risk distinctive to this book: Karnataka’s substantial Digambara Jain heritage (Shravanabelagola, Moodbidri, Karkala) centers on ‘the Jina’ (Conqueror), who overcomes karma and worldly bondage through ascetic self-discipline and renunciation. 1 John 5:4-5 grounds victory in faith and the gift of new birth, never ascetic self-achievement. Mandatory translator note and theologian review at every occurrence.
Eternal Life
Approved rendering: ನಿತ್ಯಜೀವ
Transliteration: nityajīva
Doctrine: Assurance of Salvation and Eternal Life
Rejected alternatives: ಮೋಕ್ಷ (forbidden), ಮುಕ್ತಿ (forbidden)
Original: ζωὴ αἰώνιος
Category: Salvation
NEW. Never ಮೋಕ್ಷ or ಮುಕ್ತಿ (already forbidden in the Romans baseline) — release from an impersonal rebirth cycle through enlightenment/right conduct across lifetimes. Also distinguish from Aikya’s final merger — eternal life is unending, conscious, personal relational life in the Son (2:25; 3:15; 5:11-13,20), never absorption erasing personhood.
True God
Approved rendering: ಸತ್ಯದೇವರು / ನಿಜದೇವರು
Transliteration: satyadēvaru / nijadēvaru
Doctrine: Assurance of Salvation and Eternal Life
Original: ὁ ἀληθινὸς θεός
Category: God
NEW. Pairs with the Romans baseline’s ದೇವರು (5:20). Sets up the letter’s closing idols warning; the true/false-god contrast must be preserved without softening.
Idols
Approved rendering: ವಿಗ್ರಹಗಳು
Transliteration: vigrahagaḷu
Doctrine: Assurance of Salvation and Eternal Life
Original: εἴδωλα
Category: God
NEW. The letter’s closing exhortation (5:21). Extremely sensitive given Karnataka’s dominant temple image-worship (mūrti-pūjā) tradition. Note the partial, genuine convergence with the historic Lingayat rejection of temple-idol worship in favor of the personal, worn ishtalinga — but the convergence is only partial, since the ishtalinga itself remains a mediating physical object, whereas 1 John 5:21 excludes any mediating physical object whatsoever. Handle pastorally in translator notes; theologian review mandatory.
Word Of Life
Approved rendering: ಜೀವದ ವಾಕ್ಯ
Transliteration: jīvada vākya
Doctrine: The Incarnation and Antichrist
Original: ὁ λόγος τῆς ζωῆς
Category: Christology
NEW. Echoes John 1:1’s Logos-Christology (1:1). Must retain the letter’s emphatic eyewitness, bodily-contact language (heard, seen, looked upon, touched, 1:1-3) without abstraction — the letter’s opening defense of a real incarnation, directly relevant to the ch. 4 antichrist material.
Jesus Christ
Approved rendering: ಯೇಸು ಕ್ರಿಸ್ತ
Transliteration: Yēsu Krista
Doctrine: The Incarnation and Antichrist
Original: Ἰησοῦς Χριστός
Category: Christology
NEW (combined proper-name entry). ಯೇಸು reused exactly from the Romans baseline; ಕ್ರಿಸ್ತ is the established transliteration for ‘Christ’ per the baseline’s transliteration standards list. The full title anchors the letter’s confessional tests (2:22-23; 4:2-3,15; 5:1,5,20).
High Risk Terms
Faith
Approved rendering: ನಂಬಿಕೆ
Transliteration: nambike
Doctrine: Overcoming the World
Rejected alternatives: ಭಕ್ತಿ
Original: πίστις
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. In 1 John 5:4-5 identified as the very means of overcoming the world; never ಭಕ್ತಿ.
Sin
Approved rendering: ಪಾಪ
Transliteration: pāpa
Doctrine: Confession and Forgiveness of Sin
Rejected alternatives: ಅಧರ್ಮ
Original: ἁμαρτία
Category: Sin
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. 1 John 3:4 defines sin as ‘lawlessness’ — moral transgression before a personal God, not impersonal karmic ledger.
Darkness
Approved rendering: ಕತ್ತಲೆ
Transliteration: kattale
Doctrine: God is Light and God is Love
Original: σκότος
Category: God
NEW. Direct antonym of ಬೆಳಕು; moral corruption, falsehood, concealment (1:6-2:11) — not ignorance-to-be-dispelled-by-gnosis in the Vedantic avidyā sense.
Confess Sin
Approved rendering: ಪಾಪಗಳನ್ನು ಒಪ್ಪಿಕೊಳ್ಳುವುದು
Transliteration: pāpagaḷannu oppikoḷḷuvudu
Doctrine: Confession and Forgiveness of Sin
Original: ὁμολογέω (τὰς ἁμαρτίας)
Category: Sin
NEW. 1:9’s precondition for cleansing/forgiveness. Same Greek verb (ὁμολογέω) also renders confession of Christ’s identity (see confess_christ) — track sense per occurrence; the two registers must never be conflated.
Cleanse
Approved rendering: ಶುದ್ಧೀಕರಿಸುವುದು
Transliteration: śuddhīkarisuvudu
Doctrine: Confession and Forgiveness of Sin
Original: καθαρίζω
Category: Sin
NEW. Moral/forensic purification via Christ’s blood (1:7,9), distinguished from ಪವಿತ್ರ (relational holiness) and from Hindu ritual-purity practices (ashaucha codes, ritual bathing).
Blood Of Jesus
Approved rendering: ಯೇಸುವಿನ ರಕ್ತ
Transliteration: Yēsuvina rakta
Doctrine: Confession and Forgiveness of Sin
Original: αἷμα (Ἰησοῦ)
Category: Salvation
NEW. Christ’s once-for-all completed self-sacrifice (1:7). Grounded risk: blood-offering imagery is prominent in Karnataka folk/Shakta religion (repeated animal sacrifice to village deities and Chamundeshwari-type goddesses to appease or petition). Always bind ರಕ್ತ to ಯೇಸುವಿನ and to completed-past-tense verbs; never a repeatable rite.
Anointing
Approved rendering: ಅಭಿಷೇಕ
Transliteration: abhiṣēka
Doctrine: The Incarnation and Antichrist
Original: χρῖσμα
Category: Sanctification
NEW. No better native option exists, so ಅಭಿಷೇಕ is retained, but every occurrence (2:20,27) requires a mandatory gloss: the Spirit’s internal, non-ritual teaching presence given to every believer, not the external ceremonial anointing of a deity’s image or dignitary (cf. the Mahamastakabhisheka at Shravanabelagola).
Perfected Love
Approved rendering: ಪರಿಪೂರ್ಣಗೊಳಿಸು / ಪರಿಪೂರ್ಣ
Transliteration: paripūrṇagoḷisu / paripūrṇa
Doctrine: God is Light and God is Love
Original: τελειόω / τέλειος
Category: Sanctification
NEW. Love reaching its intended goal/maturity (2:5; 4:12,17,18), never flawless human moral achievement. Distinguish from the Lingayat shatsthala path’s gradual self-perfection through six disciplined stages toward Aikya; here God’s love reaches completion in and through believers as gift, not attainment.
Spirit Generic
Approved rendering: ಆತ್ಮ / ಆತ್ಮಗಳು
Transliteration: ātma / ātmagaḷu
Doctrine: Testing the Spirits
Original: πνεῦμα
Category: Spiritual Discernment
NEW. Lower-case, plural, generic — a personal spiritual influence (true or false) behind a teacher/teaching, to be tested (4:1-6). Never capitalized; never confused with ಪವಿತ್ರಾತ್ಮ. Grounded risk: ಆತ್ಮ is also the standard term for ātman, the Advaita Vedantic individual self ultimately identical with Brahman. Mandatory translator note at every occurrence in 4:1-6 naming the external-teacher-discernment sense.
Test The Spirits
Approved rendering: ಪರೀಕ್ಷಿಸಿರಿ
Transliteration: parīkṣisiri
Doctrine: Testing the Spirits
Original: δοκιμάζετε (τὰ πνεύματα)
Category: Spiritual Discernment
NEW. The believer’s active, ongoing obligation to discern genuine from counterfeit spiritual teachers/teachings (4:1). Pairs with spirit_generic’s ಆತ್ಮ-collision caution.
Spirit Of Error And Truth
Approved rendering: ಭ್ರಮೆಯ ಆತ್ಮ / ಸತ್ಯದ ಆತ್ಮ
Transliteration: bhrameya ātma / satyada ātma
Doctrine: Testing the Spirits
Original: τὸ πνεῦμα τῆς πλάνης / τῆς ἀληθείας
Category: Spiritual Discernment
NEW. Two opposed spiritual influences (4:6), distinguished by the incarnation-confession test. Same ಆತ್ಮ-collision caution as spirit_generic applies; translator note required distinguishing this rival-teaching-influence pairing from the philosophical ātman category.
Children Of God
Approved rendering: ದೇವರ ಮಕ್ಕಳು
Transliteration: Dēvara makkaḷu
Doctrine: Love for the Brethren as Evidence of New Birth
Original: τέκνα θεοῦ
Category: Adoption
NEW. Organic, begotten status of believers (3:1-2,10). Distinguish from the Romans baseline’s ದತ್ತು ಪುತ್ರತ್ವ (adoption/legal-placement nuance) — the two describe the same secure sonship from complementary angles; cross-reference, never present as contradictory. Must not be flattened into a pantheistic ‘all beings already divine children’ reading, which would erase 3:10’s explicit dividing line.
Seed Of God
Approved rendering: ದೇವರ ಬೀಜ
Transliteration: Dēvara bīja
Doctrine: Love for the Brethren as Evidence of New Birth
Original: σπέρμα (αὐτοῦ)
Category: New Birth
NEW. The imperishable regenerating principle abiding in the believer (3:9), producing resistance to habitual sin. Distinguish from the Vedantic image of ātman as an innate divine spark/fragment of Brahman present in all by nature — this seed is implanted only through new birth by faith, not a universal human endowment awaiting self-realization.
Devil
Approved rendering: ಸೈತಾನ
Transliteration: saitāna
Doctrine: Love for the Brethren as Evidence of New Birth
Rejected alternatives: ದೆವ್ವ
Original: διάβολος
Category: Sin
NEW. The personal, singular, fallen adversary (3:8,10), whose works Christ came to destroy. Never ದೆವ್ವ, the generic Kannada folk-religious term for a malevolent ghost/spirit tied to village spirit-possession beliefs.
Heart Condemns
Approved rendering: ಹೃದಯ ಆಪಾದಿಸುವುದು / ಖಂಡಿಸುವುದು
Transliteration: hṛdaya āpādisuvudu / khaṇḍisuvudu
Doctrine: Assurance of Salvation and Eternal Life
Original: ἡ καρδία καταγινώσκῃ
Category: Assurance
NEW. Conscience’s inner self-accusation (3:19-20). Assurance rests on God’s greater knowledge and character, not the self’s fluctuating self-verdict.
Confidence Boldness
Approved rendering: ಭರವಸೆ
Transliteration: bharavase
Doctrine: Assurance of Salvation and Eternal Life
Original: παρρησία
Category: Assurance
NEW. Settled confidence in prayer (3:21-22; 5:14) and at the final judgment (4:17), consistent with the Romans baseline’s ರಕ್ಷಣೆಯ ಭರವಸೆ (assurance_of_salvation). Distinguish from the Lingayat shatsthala path’s uncertain, incremental attainment-progress toward Aikya.
Day Of Judgment
Approved rendering: ನ್ಯಾಯತೀರ್ಪಿನ ದಿನ
Transliteration: nyāyatīrpina dina
Doctrine: Assurance of Salvation and Eternal Life
Original: ἡ ἡμέρα τῆς κρίσεως
Category: Eschatology
NEW. The single, final, personal eschatological tribunal (4:17). Distinguish from the impersonal working-out of karma across the rebirth cycle (already flagged for ‘providence’ in the Romans baseline).
Threefold Witness
Approved rendering: ನೀರು, ರಕ್ತ, ಪವಿತ್ರಾತ್ಮ
Transliteration: nīru, rakta, Pavitrātma
Doctrine: Assurance of Salvation and Eternal Life
Original: τὸ ὕδωρ καὶ τὸ αἷμα καὶ τὸ πνεῦμα
Category: Assurance
NEW. ರಕ್ತ and ಪವಿತ್ರಾತ್ಮ reused from earlier entries; ನೀರು new. Three convergent, legally-toned witnesses to the Son (5:6-8), echoing OT multiple-witness standards. Textual-critical note: the disputed ‘Johannine Comma’ (5:7b-8a in some manuscript/KJV traditions) should follow the destination Bible’s established base-text tradition; this entry flags terminology only.
Sin Leading To Death
Approved rendering: ಮರಣಕ್ಕೆ ನಡೆಸುವ ಪಾಪ / ಮರಣಕ್ಕೆ ನಡೆಸದ ಪಾಪ
Transliteration: maraṇakke naḍesuva pāpa / maraṇakke naḍesada pāpa
Doctrine: Confession and Forgiveness of Sin
Original: ἁμαρτία πρὸς θάνατον / μὴ πρὸς θάνατον
Category: Sin
NEW. Reuses ಪಾಪ exactly. A pastorally sensitive distinction (5:16-17) with a long interpretive history; theologian review recommended to avoid false assurance or despair-inducing readings; keep distinct from an impersonal cross-lifetime karmic ledger.
Evil One
Approved rendering: ಕೆಡುಕನು / ದುಷ್ಟನು
Transliteration: keḍukanu / duṣṭanu
Doctrine: Overcoming the World
Original: ὁ πονηρός
Category: Sin
NEW. Identified with ಸೈತಾನ as the same personal adversary (5:18-19), not an impersonal evil force or karmic residue.
Medium Risk Terms
Forgive
Approved rendering: ಕ್ಷಮಿಸು
Transliteration: kṣamisu
Doctrine: Confession and Forgiveness of Sin
Original: ἀφίημι
Category: Sin
NEW. 1:9’s pardon, grounded in God’s own faithful (ನಂಬಿಗಸ್ತ) and righteous (ನೀತಿವಂತ) character, not the penitent’s merit. Works alongside ಶುದ್ಧೀಕರಿಸುವುದು (forgive the guilt, cleanse the stain).
Commandment
Approved rendering: ಆಜ್ಞೆ
Transliteration: ājñe
Doctrine: Love for the Brethren as Evidence of New Birth
Original: ἐντολή
Category: Faith
NEW. Standard term; doctrinally significant through its pairing with ಪ್ರೀತಿ and ನಂಬಿಕೆ (3:23) rather than inherent ambiguity of its own.
Keep Commandments
Approved rendering: ಪಾಲಿಸುವುದು
Transliteration: pālisuvudu
Doctrine: Love for the Brethren as Evidence of New Birth
Rejected alternatives: ಕಾಪಾಡುವುದು (secondary acceptable variant)
Original: τηρέω (τὰς ἐντολὰς)
Category: Faith
NEW. Consistent with the Romans baseline’s obedience_of_faith doctrine: obedience as evidence/fruit of relationship already established (2:3-5), never self-generated merit or ಧಾರ್ಮಿಕ ಕರ್ತವ್ಯ-style compliance.
Desires Of Flesh Eyes Pride Of Life
Approved rendering: ಶರೀರದ ಆಶೆ, ಕಣ್ಣುಗಳ ಆಶೆ, ಜೀವನದ ಜಂಬ
Transliteration: śarīrada āśe, kaṇṇugaḷa āśe, jīvanada jamba
Doctrine: Overcoming the World
Original: ἡ ἐπιθυμία τῆς σαρκός, ἡ ἐπιθυμία τῶν ὀφθαλμῶν, ἡ ἀλαζονεία τοῦ βίου
Category: Ethics
NEW. Threefold diagnostic of worldliness (2:16). Standard moral vocabulary; low collision risk on its own but doctrinally tied to the Critical-tier overcoming_the_world doctrine.
Testify Testimony
Approved rendering: ಸಾಕ್ಷಿ ಹೇಳುವುದು / ಸಾಕ್ಷಿ
Transliteration: sākṣi hēḷuvudu / sākṣi
Doctrine: Assurance of Salvation and Eternal Life
Original: μαρτυρέω / μαρτυρία
Category: Faith
NEW. Anchors apostolic claims (1:1-3; 4:14; 5:9-11) in verifiable eyewitness history, distinguished from vachana literature or Haridasa kirtane devotional compositions — genuinely treasured but not eyewitness apostolic testimony.
Truth And Falsehood
Approved rendering: ಸತ್ಯ / ಸುಳ್ಳು
Transliteration: satya / suḷḷu
Doctrine: Testing the Spirits
Original: ἀλήθεια / ψεῦδος
Category: Faith
NEW. Doctrinal and moral truthfulness vs. deception (2:21-27; 4:6; 5:6). Standard vocabulary; low collision risk on its own.
Purify Oneself
Approved rendering: ತನ್ನನ್ನು ನಿರ್ಮಲಗೊಳಿಸಿಕೊಳ್ಳುವುದು
Transliteration: tannannu nirmalagoḷisikoḷḷuvudu
Doctrine: Assurance of Salvation and Eternal Life
Original: ἁγνίζω
Category: Sanctification
NEW. The believer’s responsive moral self-discipline in light of future hope (3:3), distinguished from ಪವಿತ್ರ (God’s own relational-holiness declaration) — must not collapse into a self-attainment framework resembling the Lingayat shatsthala path’s disciplined self-purification stages.
Love In Deed And Truth
Approved rendering: ಕಾರ್ಯದಲ್ಲಿ ಮತ್ತು ಸತ್ಯದಲ್ಲಿ (ಪ್ರೀತಿ)
Transliteration: kāryadalli mattu satyadalli (prīti)
Doctrine: Love for the Brethren as Evidence of New Birth
Original: ἀγαπῶμεν… ἐν ἔργῳ καὶ ἀληθείᾳ
Category: Love
NEW. Practical, verifiable love (3:17-18’s material-generosity test), not mere sentiment or word.
Fear
Approved rendering: ಭಯ
Transliteration: bhaya
Doctrine: God is Light and God is Love
Original: φόβος
Category: Assurance
NEW. The specific dread of judgment/punishment displaced (not merely soothed) by perfected love (4:18); do not confuse with reverent ‘fear of the Lord’ elsewhere in Scripture.
Punishment
Approved rendering: ಶಿಕ್ಷೆ
Transliteration: śikṣe
Doctrine: God is Light and God is Love
Original: κόλασις
Category: Eschatology
NEW. Standard judicial-penalty term (4:18); low collision risk.
Brother
Approved rendering: ಸಹೋದರ
Transliteration: sahōdara
Doctrine: Love for the Brethren as Evidence of New Birth
Original: ἀδελφός
Category: Church
NEW. Fellow believer, spiritual kinship, caste-and-community-neutral (4:20-21). Resonates with the Romans baseline’s unity_of_jews_and_gentiles and universal_scope_of_gospel doctrines; must never suggest caste-community or biological-family restriction.
Walk Conduct
Approved rendering: ನಡೆಯುವುದು
Transliteration: naḍeyuvudu
Doctrine: God is Light and God is Love
Original: περιπατέω
Category: Ethics
NEW. Standard idiom for ethical conduct/lifestyle (1:6-7; 2:6,11); low collision risk.
Faithful
Approved rendering: ನಂಬಿಗಸ್ತ
Transliteration: nambigasta
Doctrine: Confession and Forgiveness of Sin
Original: πιστός
Category: God
NEW. Built on the established ನಂಬಿಕೆ root. Describes God’s own trustworthy character, the ground of his forgiveness (1:9).
Hope
Approved rendering: ನಿರೀಕ್ಷೆ
Transliteration: nirīkṣe
Doctrine: Assurance of Salvation and Eternal Life
Original: ἐλπίς
Category: Eschatology
NEW. Confident future expectation of Christlikeness at Christ’s appearing (3:2-3); standard term.
New And Old Commandment
Approved rendering: ಹೊಸ ಆಜ್ಞೆ / ಹಳೆಯ ಆಜ್ಞೆ
Transliteration: hosa ājñe / haḷeya ājñe
Doctrine: Love for the Brethren as Evidence of New Birth
Original: ἐντολὴ καινή / παλαιά
Category: Love
NEW. The love-command, ancient yet newly realized ‘true in him and in you’ (2:7-8) in the gospel age; standard vocabulary.
Low Risk Terms
Fellowship
Approved rendering: ಅನ್ಯೋನ್ಯತೆ
Transliteration: anyōnyate
Doctrine: Fellowship with God and One Another
Rejected alternatives: ಸ್ನೇಹ
Original: κοινωνία
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. 1 John 1:3 extends this to fellowship ‘with the Father and with his Son’ — the letter’s stated purpose.
Referenced passages