Core Glossary
Core Glossary: Philippians (English → Kannada)
This glossary consolidates every load-bearing term identified in analysis/07_semantic_analysis.md, across all four chapters of Philippians. Terms marked [Baseline] are already fixed in the Romans translation_memory.json/bible_term_registry.json and are reused here exactly, with no alteration. Terms marked [New] are introduced by this Philippians analysis and require entry into an updated translation memory before Phase 2 begins. Risk tiers and review routing follow the same definitions as the Romans doctrine_risk_registry.json.
A. Reused Baseline Terms (apply exactly as recorded in Romans translation_memory.json)
| English term | Kannada | Transliteration | Risk | Doctrine | Philippians occurrences |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| gospel | ಸುವಾರ್ತೆ | suvārte | High | Gospel / Partnership in the Gospel | 1:5,7,12,16,17,27; 2:22; 4:3,15 |
| grace | ಕೃಪೆ | kṛpe | High | Grace | 1:2,7; 4:23 |
| faith | ನಂಬಿಕೆ | nambike | High | Righteousness by Faith | 1:25,27; 2:17; 3:9 |
| righteousness | ನೀತಿವಂತಿಕೆ | nītivantike | Critical | Righteousness by Faith vs. Law | 1:11; 3:6,9 |
| salvation | ರಕ್ಷಣೆ | rakṣaṇe | Critical | Salvation | 1:19,28; 2:12; 3:20 (ರಕ್ಷಕ) |
| saints | ಪವಿತ್ರ ಜನರು | pavitra janaru | High | Sainthood | 1:1; 4:21,22 |
| holy | ಪವಿತ್ರ | pavitra | High | Sanctification | (implicit, ಪವಿತ್ರಾತ್ಮ 1:19) |
| resurrection | ಪುನರುತ್ಥಾನ | punarutthāna | Critical | Resurrection of Christ | 3:10,11,21 |
| lord | ಕರ್ತ | karta | Critical | Lordship of Christ | 1:2,14; 2:11,19,24,29; 3:1,8,20; 4:1,2,4,5,10,23 |
| glory | ಮಹಿಮೆ | mahime | High | Deity of Christ / Doxology | 1:11; 2:11; 3:19,21; 4:19,20 |
| law | ನಿಯಮಶಾಸ್ತ್ರ | niyamaśāstra | High | Righteousness by Faith vs. Law | 3:5,6,9 |
| peace | ಶಾಂತಿ | śānti | Medium | Peace with God | 1:2; 4:7,9 |
| fellowship | ಅನ್ಯೋನ್ಯತೆ | anyōnyate | Low | Partnership in the Gospel | 1:5; 2:1; 3:10; 4:14,15 |
| thanksgiving | ಕೃತಜ್ಞತಾಸ್ತುತಿ | kṛtajñatāstuti | Low | Thanksgiving | 4:6 |
| father | ತಂದೆ | tande | Critical | Sonship / Deity of Christ | 1:2; 2:11; 4:20 |
| god | ದೇವರು | Dēvaru | Critical | Deity of Christ | throughout |
| holy_spirit | ಪವಿತ್ರಾತ್ಮ | Pavitrātma | Critical | Fellowship of the Spirit | 1:19; 2:1 |
| jesus | ಯೇಸು | Yēsu | Critical | Lordship / Sonship of Christ | throughout |
| calling | ಕರೆ | kare | High | Pressing on toward the Goal | 3:14 (ἄνω κλήσεως) |
| exhort | ಪ್ರೋತ್ಸಾಹಿಸುವುದು | prōtsāhisuvudu | Low | Mutual Edification | 2:1; 4:2 |
| power_of_god | ದೇವರ ಸಾಮರ್ಥ್ಯ (root: ಸಾಮರ್ಥ್ಯ) | sāmarthya | High | Contentment / Power of God | 4:13 |
B. New Terms Introduced by Philippians
| English term | Greek | Kannada | Transliteration | Risk | Doctrine | Key passages | Alternatives rejected | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| self-emptying / kenosis | κενόω, ἐκένωσεν | ತನ್ನನ್ನು ತಾನೇ ಬರಿದುಮಾಡಿಕೊಂಡನು | tannannu tānē baridumāḍikoṇḍanu | Critical | Incarnation and Self-Emptying of Christ | 2:7 | ಶೂನ್ಯಗೊಳಿಸಿಕೊಂಡನು | NEVER build on ಶೂನ್ಯ (Buddhist śūnyatā / Advaitic negation of selfhood). ಬರಿದು (“emptied container, contents removed”) preserves voluntary self-emptying of status while personal/divine identity remains fully intact. Mandatory theologian review. |
| form of God | μορφή θεοῦ | ದೇವರ ಸ್ವರೂಪ | Dēvara svarūpa | Critical | Incarnation / Deity of Christ | 2:6 | ದೇವರ ಆಕಾರ | ಸ್ವರೂಪ risks being read as one revealed form among several possible deity-manifestations (cf. avatar theology already flagged in Romans baseline incarnation entry). Must be paired with translator note: essential, sole, eternally-possessed divine nature. |
| a thing to be grasped | ἁρπαγμός | ದೋಚಿಕೊಳ್ಳತಕ್ಕ ವಿಷಯ | dōcikoḷḷatakka viṣaya | High | Incarnation / Deity of Christ | 2:6 | ಕಳ್ಳತನದ ವಿಷಯ | Exegetically ambiguous term (already-possessed-but-not-exploited vs. not-yet-possessed-and-sought). Requires translator note preserving both readings; not primarily a syncretism risk but a translation-accuracy risk. |
| servant/slave (form of a servant) | δοῦλος, μορφὴν δούλου | ದಾಸ, ದಾಸನ ಸ್ವರೂಪ | dāsa, dāsana svarūpa | Critical | Incarnation / Christ-Centered Ministry | 1:1; 2:7 | ಸೇವಕ (alone, insufficiently strong) | ದಾಸ is the central self-identity term of Karnataka’s Haridasa bhakti tradition (a devotee’s chosen posture toward a personal deity). Must distinguish: in 2:7 it is God the Son’s own unrepeatable, voluntary self-abasement for humanity; in 1:1 it is Paul’s ordinary bond-service to Christ — neither is the devotee-initiated Haridasa “dāsa” identity. Mandatory theologian review both occurrences. |
| humility / humbled himself | ταπεινοφροσύνη, ταπεινόω | ದೀನಭಾವ, ತಗ್ಗಿಸಿಕೊಂಡನು | dīnabhāva, taggisikoṇḍanu | High | Unity and Humility in the Church | 2:3,8; 4:12 | ವಿನಯ (too weak; lacks the self-lowering force) | ದೀನ carries caste/class-lowliness connotations in ordinary Kannada usage and can suggest merit-earning ascetic self-mortification (tapasya). Must be taught as voluntary, others-oriented moral disposition modeled on Christ’s own choice, not social status or earned merit. |
| joy / rejoice | χαρά, χαίρω | ಸಂತೋಷ, ಸಂತೋಷಿಸು | santōṣa, santōṣisu | High | Joy in Suffering and Imprisonment | pervasive (1:4,18,25; 2:2,17,18,28,29; 3:1; 4:1,4,10) | ಆನಂದ | ಆನಂದ is the technical term for impersonal Advaitic Brahman-bliss (Sat-Chit-Ānanda), the experiential culmination of mokṣa. Paul’s joy is relational, Christ-directed, circumstance-independent gladness — not impersonal metaphysical bliss. Use ಸಂತೋಷ consistently across the entire letter. |
| bonds / chains / imprisonment | δεσμά, δεσμοί | ಬಂಧನ / ಸಂಕೋಲೆ | bandhana / saṅkōle | Critical | Joy in Suffering and Imprisonment | 1:7,13,14,17 | (none; both forms retained with distinct usage) | ಬಂಧನ doubles as the standard Vedantic term for the soul’s bondage to saṃsāra (opposite of mokṣa/mukti, already forbidden terms in the Romans baseline salvation entry). Prefer the more concrete, physical ಸಂಕೋಲೆ (“chains/fetters”) in narrative contexts; if ಬಂಧನ is used, mandatory translator note clarifying this is Paul’s literal historical Roman imprisonment for the gospel, not metaphysical soul-bondage. |
| citizenship (in heaven) | πολίτευμα, πολιτεύομαι | ಪೌರತ್ವ (ಪರಲೋಕದ ಪೌರತ್ವ) | pauratva (paralōkada pauratva) | High | Citizenship in Heaven | 1:27; 3:20 | ದೇಶಭಕ್ತಿ (patriotism — wrong register) | Must be taught as a present-tense, permanent, secure identity/belonging — not a temporary meritorious heavenly realm within a cyclical cosmology (cf. the Bhagavad Gita’s teaching that even heaven-dwellers are eventually reborn). Also sensitive to contemporary political/nationalist connotations of “citizenship.” |
| contentment | αὐτάρκεια, αὐτάρκης | ಸಂತೃಪ್ತಿ | santṛpti | High | Contentment in All Circumstances | 4:11-13 | ವೈರಾಗ್ಯ (detachment — wrong doctrinal shape) | Risk of assimilation to Patañjali’s yogic santoṣa niyama (self-cultivated equanimity through disciplined detachment from outcomes). Paul’s contentment is explicitly Christ-dependent (“through him who strengthens me,” v.13), not self-generated detachment. Mandatory translator note linking 4:11 to 4:13. |
| knowledge of Christ | γνῶσις Χριστοῦ, γνῶναι αὐτόν | ಕ್ರಿಸ್ತನ ಜ್ಞಾನ / ಕ್ರಿಸ್ತನನ್ನು ಬಲ್ಲವನಾಗುವುದು | Kristana jñāna / Kristannannu ballavanāguvudu | High | Righteousness by Faith / Pressing on toward the Goal | 3:8,10 | (ಜ್ಞಾನ alone, unqualified) | ಜ್ಞಾನ is the technical term for jñāna-mārga, the Vedantic path of impersonal metaphysical self-realization (identity of Ātman/Brahman). Prefer relational verbal phrasing (ಬಲ್ಲವನಾಗುವುದು, “coming to know a person”) over the bare noun; translator note required wherever ಜ್ಞಾನ is used. |
| pressing on toward the goal / prize | διώκω, σκοπός, βραβεῖον | ಗುರಿಯೆಡೆಗೆ ಧಾವಿಸು, ಗುರಿ, ಬಹುಮಾನ | guriyeḍege dhāvisu, guri, bahumāna | High | Pressing on toward the Goal in Christ | 2:4; 3:12-14 | ಸಾಧನೆ (spiritual attainment — wrong doctrinal shape) | Must be grounded explicitly in 3:12’s “because Christ Jesus has made me his own” — pursuit flows from grace already given (parallel to the Romans baseline’s “obedience of faith” entry), not a self-attained staged ascent (cf. Lingayat shatsthala path toward Aikya, already flagged in the Romans baseline). |
| mature / perfected | τέλειος, τετελείωμαι | ಪರಿಪೂರ್ಣ | paripūrṇa | High | Pressing on toward the Goal | 3:12,15 | ಸಿದ್ಧಿ ಹೊಂದಿದ (attained siddhi — wrong doctrinal shape) | Must retain Paul’s own disclaimer (“not that I have already obtained this,” v.12) as inseparable co-text; standalone use risks suggesting a self-attained perfected/enlightened status. |
| overseers / bishops | ἐπίσκοποι | ಸಭಾಧ್ಯಕ್ಷರು / ಮೇಲ್ವಿಚಾರಕರು | sabhādhyakṣaru / mēlvicārakaru | Medium | Church Governance | 1:1 | ಗುರುಗಳು | Distinguish from a temple-priesthood role or the Lingayat jaṅgama teacher-office (cf. Romans baseline apostle entry). |
| deacons | διάκονοι | ಶುಶ್ರೂಷಕರು | śuśrūṣakaru | Medium | Church Governance | 1:1 | ಸೇವಕರು (too generic) | Recognized church ministry office, distinct from generic social service. |
| partnership in the gospel | κοινωνία εἰς τὸ εὐαγγέλιον | ಸುವಾರ್ತೆಯ ಪಾಲ್ಗೊಳ್ಳುವಿಕೆ | suvārteya pālgoḷḷuvike | Medium | Partnership in the Gospel | 1:5; 4:14-15 | (ಅನ್ಯೋನ್ಯತೆ alone, when the specific financial/practical-partnership sense is intended) | Extends baseline ಅನ್ಯೋನ್ಯತೆ; use the fuller phrase where active, material gospel-partnership (including giving/receiving, 4:15) is specifically in view. |
| same mind / disposition (φρονέω family) | φρονέω, τὸ αὐτὸ φρονεῖν | ಮನೋಭಾವವುಳ್ಳವರಾಗಿ / ಒಂದೇ ಮನಸ್ಸುಳ್ಳವರಾಗಿ | manōbhāvavuḷḷavarāgi / ondē manassuḷḷavarāgi | Medium | Unity and Humility in the Church | 1:7; 2:2 (x2),5; 3:15 (x2),19; 4:2 (x2),10 | ಅಭಿಪ್ರಾಯ (mere “opinion” — too weak) | Recurring key verb (10x in the letter); render with consistent ಮನಸ್ಸು/ಮನೋಭಾವ family vocabulary across all occurrences so the reader can track Paul’s rhetorical pattern. |
| selfish ambition / vain conceit | ἐριθεία, κενοδοξία | ಸ್ವಾರ್ಥ ಮಹತ್ವಾಕಾಂಕ್ಷೆ, ವ್ಯರ್ಥ ಹೆಮ್ಮೆ | svārtha mahatvākāṅkṣe, vyartha hemme | Medium | Unity and Humility in the Church | 2:3 | (ಡಂಭ acceptable as alternate for κενοδοξία) | Do not reuse ಮಹಿಮೆ (true glory) for this counterfeit “empty glory”; preserve the letter’s deliberate contrast with Christ’s true, restored glory (2:9-11). |
| affection and compassion | σπλάγχνα καὶ οἰκτιρμοί | ಮಮತೆ ಮತ್ತು ಕರುಣೆ | mamate mattu karuṇe | Low-Medium | Unity and Humility in the Church | 2:1 | ದಯೆ (too mild) | Retain visceral, deep-affection register; do not reduce to polite courtesy. |
| exalted / super-exalted | ὑπερυψόω | ಅತ್ಯುನ್ನತಕ್ಕೆ ಏರಿಸಿದನು | atyunnatakke ērisidanu | High | Deity/Lordship of Christ | 2:9 | ಗೌರವಿಸಿದನು (too weak; “honored”) | Must retain absolute, superlative “highest of all” sense. |
| name above every name | τὸ ὄνομα τὸ ὑπὲρ πᾶν ὄνομα | ಎಲ್ಲಾ ಹೆಸರುಗಳಿಗಿಂತ ಶ್ರೇಷ್ಠವಾದ ಹೆಸರು | ellā hesarugaḷiginta śrēṣṭhavāda hesaru | Critical | Lordship of Christ | 2:9 | — | Feeds directly into the universal confession of 2:10-11; must not be qualified. |
| every knee bow / every tongue confess | πᾶν γόνυ κάμψῃ, πᾶσα γλῶσσα ἐξομολογήσηται | ಪ್ರತಿಯೊಂದು ಮೊಣಕಾಲು ಬಾಗಬೇಕು, ಪ್ರತಿಯೊಂದು ನಾಲಿಗೆಯೂ ಅರಿಕೆ ಮಾಡಬೇಕು | — | Critical | Lordship of Christ / Universal Scope of the Gospel | 2:10-11 | — | Universal, cosmic, unqualified confession; identical doctrinal weight to Romans 10:9’s confession — same Kannada rendering ಯೇಸು ಕರ್ತ(ನಾಗಿದ್ದಾನೆ) must be used for the confession core. |
| heavenly, earthly, under the earth | ἐπουράνιοι, ἐπίγειοι, καταχθόνιοι | ಪರಲೋಕದವರು, ಭೂಲೋಕದವರು, ಪಾತಾಳದವರು | — | Medium | Lordship of Christ (cosmic scope) | 2:10 | — | ಪಾತಾಳ evokes Puranic netherworld cosmology; standard existing usage, but translator note should clarify this names the comprehensive scope of Christ’s authority, not an endorsement of Puranic cosmology. |
| work out your own salvation | κατεργάζεσθε τὴν ἑαυτῶν σωτηρίαν | ನಿಮ್ಮ ರಕ್ಷಣೆಯನ್ನು ಸಾಧಿಸಿರಿ | — | Critical | Salvation / Grace vs. works | 2:12-13 | ರಕ್ಷಣೆಯನ್ನು ಗಳಿಸಿರಿ (“earn your salvation” — forbidden) | Must be paired with v.13’s grace-priority (“God is the one working in you”) in the same segment; same escalation tier as any grace/merit-contrast passage per the Romans baseline. |
| sacrificial/cultic offering metaphor | σπένδομαι, θυσία, λειτουργία, ὀσμὴ εὐωδίας | ಪಾನದ್ರವ್ಯ ಅರ್ಪಣೆ, ಯಜ್ಞ, ಸೇವೆ, ಸುವಾಸನೆಯ ಪರಿಮಳ | — | Medium | Christ-Centered Ministry / Partnership in the Gospel | 2:17; 4:18 | — | OT sacrificial-system imagery; flag for native-speaker review given ready Hindu yajña/pūja associations. Clarify metaphorical use for costly self-giving, not endorsement of any ritual system. |
| righteousness from the law vs. through faith in Christ | δικαιοσύνη ἐκ νόμου / διὰ πίστεως Χριστοῦ | ನಿಯಮಶಾಸ್ತ್ರದಿಂದ ಬಂದ ನೀತಿವಂತಿಕೆ / ನಂಬಿಕೆಯ ಮೂಲಕ ದೇವರಿಂದ ಬಂದ ನೀತಿವಂತಿಕೆ | — | Critical | Righteousness by Faith versus the Law | 3:6,9 | ಧರ್ಮ (absolutely forbidden, both terms) | Paul’s most autobiographically vivid statement of this doctrine; mandatory human theologian review; reuses established ನೀತಿವಂತಿಕೆ and ನಿಯಮಶಾಸ್ತ್ರ exactly per baseline. |
| conflict/struggle (athletic) | ἀγών, συναθλέω, συνήθλησαν | ಹೋರಾಟ, ಒಟ್ಟಿಗೆ ಹೋರಾಡು | — | Low | Joy in Suffering | 1:30; 4:3 | — | Athletic-agonistic metaphor; no significant doctrinal risk. |
C. Doctrine-to-Term Cross-Reference (Philippians Curriculum Doctrines)
| Curriculum doctrine | Primary Kannada doctrine name | Key terms (this glossary) | Overall risk |
|---|---|---|---|
| The Incarnation and Self-Emptying of Christ (Kenosis) | ಕ್ರಿಸ್ತನ ದೇಹಧಾರಣೆ ಮತ್ತು ಆತ್ಮ ಬರಿದುಗೊಳಿಸುವಿಕೆ | κενόω, μορφή θεοῦ, ἁρπαγμός, δοῦλος, ὁμοίωμα, σχῆμα | Critical |
| Joy in Suffering and Imprisonment | ಶ್ರಮೆ ಮತ್ತು ಸೆರೆವಾಸದಲ್ಲಿ ಸಂತೋಷ | χαρά/χαίρω, δεσμά, θλῖψις/πάθημα, ἀγών | High |
| Unity and Humility in the Church | ಸಭೆಯಲ್ಲಿ ಏಕತೆ ಮತ್ತು ದೀನಭಾವ | φρονέω, ταπεινοφροσύνη, ἐριθεία, κενοδοξία, σπλάγχνα | High |
| Righteousness by Faith versus the Law | ನಿಯಮಶಾಸ್ತ್ರಕ್ಕಿಂತ ನಂಬಿಕೆಯ ಮೂಲಕ ನೀತಿವಂತಿಕೆ | δικαιοσύνη ἐκ νόμου / διὰ πίστεως, νόμος, γνῶσις Χριστοῦ | Critical |
| Contentment in All Circumstances | ಎಲ್ಲಾ ಸ್ಥಿತಿಗಳಲ್ಲಿ ಸಂತೃಪ್ತಿ | αὐτάρκεια, ἐνδυναμόω | High |
| Citizenship in Heaven | ಪರಲೋಕದ ಪೌರತ್ವ | πολίτευμα, πολιτεύομαι, σωτήρ | High |
| Partnership in the Gospel | ಸುವಾರ್ತೆಯ ಪಾಲ್ಗೊಳ್ಳುವಿಕೆ | κοινωνία, ἐπίσκοπος, διάκονος | Medium |
| Pressing on toward the Goal in Christ | ಕ್ರಿಸ್ತನಲ್ಲಿ ಗುರಿಯೆಡೆಗೆ ಧಾವಿಸುವುದು | διώκω, σκοπός, βραβεῖον, τέλειος, κατελήμφθην | High |
Load this glossary alongside analysis/07_semantic_analysis.md and the Romans baseline translation_memory.json before beginning any Phase 2 segment translation of Philippians. All Section B terms require formal addition to an updated translation_memory.json (version increment) prior to Phase 2 processing, per the AI Translation Requirements document’s Translation Memory Load and Enforcement Instructions.
Critical Risk Terms
Righteousness
Approved rendering: ನೀತಿವಂತಿಕೆ
Transliteration: nītivantike
Doctrine: Salvation
Rejected alternatives: ಧರ್ಮ, ಪುಣ್ಯ
CRITICAL: never ಧರ್ಮ. Inherited from Romans package; reused exactly for Philippians occurrences (1:11; 3:6,9). Philippians 3:9 is Paul’s most autobiographically vivid statement of righteousness-by-faith-versus-law in the NT and requires mandatory human theologian review even though the term itself is unchanged.
Salvation
Approved rendering: ರಕ್ಷಣೆ
Transliteration: rakṣaṇe
Doctrine: Salvation
Rejected alternatives: ಮೋಕ್ಷ, ಮುಕ್ತಿ, ಐಕ್ಯ
CRITICAL: NEVER ಮೋಕ್ಷ, ಮುಕ್ತಿ, or ಐಕ್ಯ. Inherited from Romans package; reused exactly for Philippians occurrences (1:19,28; 2:12; 3:20 as ರಕ್ಷಕ ‘Savior’). Philippians 2:12-13 requires this term to be paired with the grace-priority clause of v.13 in the same translation segment.
Resurrection
Approved rendering: ಪುನರುತ್ಥಾನ
Transliteration: punarutthāna
Doctrine: Resurrection of Christ
Rejected alternatives: ಪುನರ್ಜನ್ಮ
CRITICAL: NEVER ಪುನರ್ಜನ್ಮ. Inherited from Romans package; reused exactly for Philippians occurrences (3:10,11,21). Must never be read as a further turn of a rebirth cycle nor as a step toward Aikya-dissolution of identity.
Lord
Approved rendering: ಕರ್ತ
Transliteration: karta
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: ಸ್ವಾಮಿ
CRITICAL: never ಸ್ವಾಮಿ. Inherited from Romans package; reused exactly for Philippians occurrences (1:2,14; 2:11,19,24,29; 3:1,8,20; 4:1,2,4,5,10,23). Philippians 2:11’s confession must match the Romans 10:9 rendering ಯೇಸು ಕರ್ತನಾಗಿದ್ದಾನೆ exactly for cross-document consistency.
Father
Approved rendering: ತಂದೆ
Transliteration: Tande
Doctrine: Adoption into God’s Family
Rejected alternatives: ಸೃಷ್ಟಿಕರ್ತ
God as personal Father, not the distant ಸೃಷ್ಟಿಕರ್ತ. Inherited from Romans package; reused exactly for Philippians occurrences (1:2; 2:11; 4:20).
God
Approved rendering: ದೇವರು
Transliteration: Dēvaru
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Rejected alternatives: ಭಗವಂತ, ಪರಶಿವ
CRITICAL: avoid ಭಗವಂತ in doctrinally precise contexts; retain awareness of the Lingayat Parashiva-substitution risk. Inherited from Romans package; reused exactly throughout Philippians.
Holy Spirit
Approved rendering: ಪವಿತ್ರಾತ್ಮ
Transliteration: Pavitrātma
Doctrine: Sanctification
Rejected alternatives: ಪರಮಾತ್ಮ
CRITICAL: never ಪರಮಾತ್ಮ. Inherited from Romans package; reused exactly for Philippians occurrences (1:19; 2:1, ‘fellowship of the Spirit’).
Jesus
Approved rendering: ಯೇಸು
Transliteration: Yēsu
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: ಈಸಾ
Never ಈಸಾ. Inherited from Romans package; reused exactly throughout Philippians, especially the kenosis hymn (2:5-11) and 3:8-14.
Self Emptying
Approved rendering: ತನ್ನನ್ನು ತಾನೇ ಬರಿದುಮಾಡಿಕೊಂಡನು
Transliteration: tannannu tānē baridumāḍikoṇḍanu
Doctrine: Incarnation and Self-Emptying of Christ (Kenosis)
Rejected alternatives: ಶೂನ್ಯಗೊಳಿಸಿಕೊಂಡನು
Philippians 2:7. NEVER build on ಶೂನ್ಯ (Buddhist śūnyatā / Advaitic negation of independent selfhood) — this would suggest Christ’s being was annihilated or dissolved rather than voluntarily veiled in status. ಬರಿದು (‘emptied container, contents removed, container intact’) preserves voluntary self-emptying of status while personal and divine identity remain fully intact. Mandatory theologian review at every occurrence.
Form Of God
Approved rendering: ದೇವರ ಸ್ವರೂಪ
Transliteration: Dēvara svarūpa
Doctrine: Incarnation and Self-Emptying of Christ (Kenosis); Deity of Christ
Rejected alternatives: ದೇವರ ಆಕಾರ
Philippians 2:6. ಸ್ವರೂಪ risks being read as one revealed deity-form among several possible manifestations (cf. Hindu devotional svarūpa/avatar usage). Mandatory translator note: Christ eternally possesses the one, sole, essential divine nature; he does not cycle between forms. Cross-reference the Romans baseline’s ದೇಹಧಾರಣೆ (incarnation, never ಅವತಾರ) entry.
Servant Form
Approved rendering: ದಾಸ / ದಾಸನ ಸ್ವರೂಪ
Transliteration: dāsa / dāsana svarūpa
Doctrine: Incarnation and Self-Emptying of Christ (Kenosis); Servanthood of Christ
Rejected alternatives: ಸೇವಕ
Philippians 1:1; 2:7. ದಾಸ is the central self-identity term of Karnataka’s Haridasa bhakti tradition (a devotee’s chosen posture of surrender toward a personal deity, human-to-God). In 2:7 the direction is reversed and unrepeatable: God the Son assumes servant-status for humanity, once. In 1:1 it is Paul’s ordinary bond-service. Mandatory theologian review at both occurrences; translator note required distinguishing the two senses and from Haridasa devotional usage.
Name Above Every Name
Approved rendering: ಎಲ್ಲಾ ಹೆಸರುಗಳಿಗಿಂತ ಶ್ರೇಷ್ಠವಾದ ಹೆಸರು
Transliteration: ellā hesarugaḷiginta śrēṣṭhavāda hesaru
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Philippians 2:9. Feeds directly into the universal confession of vv.10-11; must not be qualified or presented as one exalted name among several revered names.
Every Knee Every Tongue
Approved rendering: ಪ್ರತಿಯೊಂದು ಮೊಣಕಾಲು ಬಾಗಬೇಕು; ಪ್ರತಿಯೊಂದು ನಾಲಿಗೆಯೂ ಯೇಸು ಕ್ರಿಸ್ತನು ಕರ್ತನೆಂದು ಅರಿಕೆ ಮಾಡಬೇಕು
Transliteration: priyondu moṇakālu bāgabēku; pratiyondu nāligeyū Yēsu Kristanu Kartanendu arike māḍabēku
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ; Universal Scope of the Gospel
Philippians 2:10-11. The same confession named as the salvation confession in Romans 10:9, here given its cosmic, eschatological horizon. Must use ಕರ್ತ (never ಸ್ವಾಮಿ) and must not be presented as one confession among possible others.
Work Out Salvation
Approved rendering: ನಿಮ್ಮ ರಕ್ಷಣೆಯನ್ನು ಸಾಧಿಸಿರಿ
Transliteration: nimma rakṣaṇeyannu sādhisiri
Doctrine: Salvation; Grace versus Works
Rejected alternatives: ರಕ್ಷಣೆಯನ್ನು ಗಳಿಸಿರಿ
Philippians 2:12-13. Must never be rendered as ‘earn your salvation.’ Requires a translator note pairing this verse with v.13’s grace-priority (‘God is the one working in you’) to prevent assimilation to a karma-merit or kayaka-dasoha framework. Same escalation tier as any grace/merit-contrast passage per the Romans baseline.
Bonds Chains
Approved rendering: ಬಂಧನ / ಸಂಕೋಲೆ
Transliteration: bandhana / saṅkōle
Doctrine: Joy in Suffering and Imprisonment
Philippians 1:7,12-14,17. ಬಂಧನ is also the standard Vedantic term for the soul’s bondage to saṃsāra, the very condition mokṣa/mukti releases one from — a framework already forbidden for ‘salvation’ in the Romans baseline. Prefer the concrete, physical ಸಂಕೋಲೆ (‘chains/fetters’) in narrative contexts. If ಬಂಧನ is used, mandatory translator note clarifying this is Paul’s literal, historical Roman imprisonment for the gospel’s sake, not metaphysical soul-bondage.
High Risk Terms
Gospel
Approved rendering: ಸುವಾರ್ತೆ
Transliteration: suvārte
Doctrine: Gospel
Rejected alternatives: ಸುದ್ದಿ
Established Kannada Christian term (su- ‘good’ + vārte ‘news’). Avoid the generic ಸುದ್ದಿ (news), which lacks the technical sense of the one saving proclamation. Inherited from Romans package; reused exactly for Philippians occurrences (1:5,7,12,16,17,27; 2:22; 4:3,15).
Grace
Approved rendering: ಕೃಪೆ
Transliteration: kṛpe
Doctrine: Grace
Rejected alternatives: ಕರ್ಮಫಲ, ಪುಣ್ಯ
Unmerited favor apart from human merit; distinguish from bhakti devotional exchange and Lingayat kayaka-dasoha ethics. Inherited from Romans package; reused exactly for Philippians occurrences (1:2,7; 4:23), including 1:29’s ‘grace to suffer’ and 2:12-13’s grace-priority pairing.
Faith
Approved rendering: ನಂಬಿಕೆ
Transliteration: nambike
Doctrine: Faith
Rejected alternatives: ಭಕ್ತಿ
Personal trust in Christ specifically, not devotional surrender (ಭಕ್ತಿ). Inherited from Romans package; reused exactly for Philippians occurrences (1:25,27; 2:17; 3:9).
Saints
Approved rendering: ಪವಿತ್ರ ಜನರು
Transliteration: pavitra janaru
Doctrine: Sainthood
Rejected alternatives: ಶರಣರು, ಸಂತರು
NEVER ಶರಣರು (the Veerashaiva Sharana poet-saint title, an elite Aikya-attained status). Inherited from Romans package; reused exactly for Philippians occurrences (1:1; 4:21,22), including ‘those of Caesar’s household’ — sainthood is a corporate status for all believers, not an elite class.
Holy
Approved rendering: ಪವಿತ್ರ
Transliteration: pavitra
Doctrine: Sanctification
Rejected alternatives: ಶುದ್ಧ
Set apart for God and morally pure; ಶುದ್ಧ leans toward ritual purity. Inherited from Romans package; reused exactly for Philippians occurrences (root of ಪವಿತ್ರಾತ್ಮ at 1:19; 2:1).
Glory
Approved rendering: ಮಹಿಮೆ
Transliteration: mahime
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Rejected alternatives: ತೇಜಸ್ಸು
God’s radiant honor. Inherited from Romans package; reused exactly for Philippians occurrences (1:11; 2:11; 3:19,21; 4:19,20). Must be kept distinct from κενοδοξία’s counterfeit ‘empty glory’ (2:3) — never reuse ಮಹಿಮೆ for that term.
Law
Approved rendering: ನಿಯಮಶಾಸ್ತ್ರ
Transliteration: niyamaśāstra
Doctrine: Fulfillment of Prophecy
Rejected alternatives: ಧರ್ಮ
NEVER ಧರ್ಮ. Inherited from Romans package; reused exactly for Philippians occurrences (3:5,6,9), central to the Righteousness by Faith versus the Law doctrine.
Calling
Approved rendering: ಕರೆ
Transliteration: kare
Doctrine: Divine Calling
Rejected alternatives: ಆಹ್ವಾನ
A sovereign summons pursued in response, not a self-initiated ascent (cf. Lingayat shatsthala). Inherited from Romans package; reused exactly for Philippians occurrence (3:14, ‘the upward call of God in Christ Jesus’).
Power Of God
Approved rendering: ದೇವರ ಸಾಮರ್ಥ್ಯ
Transliteration: Dēvara Sāmarthya
Doctrine: Power of God for Salvation
Rejected alternatives: ಶಕ್ತಿ
Use ಸಾಮರ್ಥ್ಯ; never ಶಕ್ತಿ (Shakta/Chamundeshwari association). Inherited from Romans package; reused exactly for Philippians occurrence (3:10, ‘the power of his resurrection’; 4:13’s root, see new term ‘empowering_strength’ below).
Thing To Be Grasped
Approved rendering: ದೋಚಿಕೊಳ್ಳತಕ್ಕ ವಿಷಯ
Transliteration: dōcikoḷḷatakka viṣaya
Doctrine: Incarnation and Self-Emptying of Christ (Kenosis)
Rejected alternatives: ಕಳ್ಳತನದ ವಿಷಯ
Philippians 2:6. Exegetically ambiguous term (already-possessed-but-not-exploited vs. not-yet-possessed-and-sought). Requires translator note preserving that Christ already possessed equality with God and refused to exploit it for advantage.
Humanity Of Christ
Approved rendering: ಮನುಷ್ಯರ ಹೋಲಿಕೆಯಲ್ಲಿ ಆದನು / ಆಕಾರದಲ್ಲಿ ಮನುಷ್ಯನಂತೆ ಕಂಡುಬಂದನು
Transliteration: manuṣyara hōlikeyalli ādanu / ākāradalli manuṣyanante kaṇḍubandanu
Doctrine: Humanity of Christ
Philippians 2:7-8. Christ’s genuine, real, historical human nature; must not be softened toward ‘merely appeared human’ (docetism). Parallels the Romans baseline’s Humanity of Christ doctrine entry.
Obedient Unto Death Cross
Approved rendering: ಮರಣದ ವರೆಗೂ, ಶಿಲುಬೆಯ ಮರಣದ ವರೆಗೂ ವಿಧೇಯನಾದನು
Transliteration: maraṇada varegū, śilubeya maraṇada varegū vidhēyanādanu
Doctrine: Incarnation and Self-Emptying of Christ (Kenosis); Humanity of Christ
Philippians 2:8. ಶಿಲುಬೆ is the established Kannada Christian term for the cross; the historical, once-for-all, shameful-death sense must be retained, not abstracted into a general symbol of suffering or renunciation.
Exalted
Approved rendering: ಅತ್ಯುನ್ನತಕ್ಕೆ ಏರಿಸಿದನು
Transliteration: atyunnatakke ērisidanu
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ; Deity of Christ
Rejected alternatives: ಗೌರವಿಸಿದನು
Philippians 2:9. Must retain absolute, superlative ‘highest of all’ force; ಗೌರವಿಸಿದನು (‘honored’) is too weak and would flatten the resurrection/ascension/enthronement pattern.
Transform Lowly Body
Approved rendering: ಆತನು ನಮ್ಮ ದೀನಾವಸ್ಥೆಯ ದೇಹವನ್ನು ತನ್ನ ಮಹಿಮೆಯ ದೇಹಕ್ಕೆ ಸದೃಶವಾಗುವಂತೆ ಪರಿವರ್ತಿಸುವನು
Transliteration: ātanu namma dīnāvastheya dēhavannu tanna mahimeya dēhakke sadṛśavāguvante parivartisuvanu
Doctrine: Resurrection of Christ and Believers
Philippians 3:21. Bodily, historical transformation, consistent with the Resurrection doctrine — never a cyclical rebirth or step toward Aikya-dissolution. Reuses established ಮಹಿಮೆ exactly; ties back to the kenosis hymn’s μορφή/σχῆμα vocabulary.
Empowering Strength
Approved rendering: ಸಾಮರ್ಥ್ಯಗೊಳಿಸು
Transliteration: sāmarthyagoḷisu
Doctrine: Contentment in All Circumstances; Power of God for Salvation
Rejected alternatives: ಶಕ್ತಿಗೊಳಿಸು
Philippians 4:13. Following the Romans baseline convention, never render this root with ಶಕ್ತಿ. Must be tied to the surrounding contentment doctrine (4:11-13) as the source of Paul’s sufficiency, not self-generated Stoic or yogic detachment.
Await A Savior
Approved rendering: ರಕ್ಷಕನನ್ನು ಎದುರುನೋಡುತ್ತೇವೆ
Transliteration: rakṣakanannu edurunōḍuttēve
Doctrine: Salvation; Citizenship in Heaven
Philippians 3:20. Reuses the Critical ರಕ್ಷಣೆ/ರಕ್ಷಕ root; the waiting must be taught as confident, active hope in a personal, returning Lord, not passive fatalistic expectation (ಹಣೆಬರಹ-adjacent risk, per Romans baseline providence entry).
Knowledge Of Christ
Approved rendering: ಕ್ರಿಸ್ತನ ಜ್ಞಾನ / ಕ್ರಿಸ್ತನನ್ನು ಬಲ್ಲವನಾಗುವುದು
Transliteration: Kristana jñāna / Kristannannu ballavanāguvudu
Doctrine: Righteousness by Faith versus the Law
Rejected alternatives: ಜ್ಞಾನ (bare/unqualified)
Philippians 3:8,10. ಜ್ಞಾನ is the precise technical term for Vedantic jñāna-mārga, the impersonal metaphysical realization of Ātman-Brahman identity. Paul’s knowing is personal, relational, historical. Prefer the relational verbal phrase ಬಲ್ಲವನಾಗುವುದು wherever Greek syntax permits; mandatory translator note wherever bare ಜ್ಞಾನ is unavoidable.
Pressing On Toward Goal
Approved rendering: ಗುರಿಯೆಡೆಗೆ ಧಾವಿಸುತ್ತೇನೆ / ಬಹುಮಾನದೆಡೆಗೆ ಓಡುತ್ತೇನೆ
Transliteration: guriyeḍege dhāvisuttēne / bahumānadeḍege ōḍuttēne
Doctrine: Pressing on toward the Goal in Christ
Rejected alternatives: ಸಾಧನೆ
Philippians 3:12-14. Must not be assimilated to the Lingayat shatsthala path (a staged, self-attained ascent toward Aikya) nor yogic sādhanā toward mokṣa. Mandatory translator note anchoring the pursuit in v.12’s ‘because Christ Jesus has made me his own’ (grace-priority), following the Romans baseline’s obedience-of-faith pattern.
Mature Perfected
Approved rendering: ಪರಿಪೂರ್ಣ
Transliteration: paripūrṇa
Doctrine: Pressing on toward the Goal in Christ
Rejected alternatives: ಸಿದ್ಧಿ ಹೊಂದಿದ
Philippians 3:12,15. Must always retain Paul’s own disclaimer (‘not that I have already obtained this or am already perfect’) as inseparable co-text; standalone use risks assimilation to a self-attained perfected/enlightened status comparable to a jīvanmukta or a Sharana who reached the highest shatsthala stage.
Humility
Approved rendering: ದೀನಭಾವ / ತಗ್ಗಿಸಿಕೊಂಡನು
Transliteration: dīnabhāva / taggisikoṇḍanu
Doctrine: Unity and Humility in the Church
Rejected alternatives: ವಿನಯ
Philippians 2:3,8; 4:12. ದೀನ carries caste/class-lowliness connotation in everyday Kannada and can suggest merit-earning ascetic self-mortification (tapasya); ವಿನಯ is doctrinally too weak. Must be taught as a voluntary, others-oriented moral disposition modeled on Christ’s own choice, not a social-status marker or earned merit. Translator note required at first occurrence (2:3), reinforced at 2:8.
Joy
Approved rendering: ಸಂತೋಷ / ಸಂತೋಷಿಸು
Transliteration: santōṣa / santōṣisu
Doctrine: Joy in Suffering and Imprisonment
Rejected alternatives: ಆನಂದ
NEVER ಆನಂದ, the technical term for impersonal Advaitic Brahman-bliss (Sat-Chit-Ānanda), the experiential culmination of mokṣa. Paul’s joy is relational, Christ-directed, circumstance-independent gladness ‘in the Lord.’ Use ಸಂತೋಷ consistently across all ~15 occurrences in the letter (1:4,18,25; 2:2,17,18,28,29; 3:1; 4:1,4,10) with zero exceptions.
To Live Is Christ
Approved rendering: ಬದುಕುವುದು ಕ್ರಿಸ್ತನೇ, ಸಾಯುವುದು ಲಾಭವೇ
Transliteration: badukuvudu Kristanē, sāyuvudu lābhavē
Doctrine: Joy in Suffering and Imprisonment
Philippians 1:21,23. Must not be read through a renunciant framework where death is escape from an undesirable body/world; Paul’s ‘gain’ is relational — closer union with Christ — not liberation from personhood or embodiment as such.
Contentment
Approved rendering: ಸಂತೃಪ್ತಿ
Transliteration: santṛpti
Doctrine: Contentment in All Circumstances
Rejected alternatives: ವೈರಾಗ್ಯ
Philippians 4:11-13. Risk of assimilation to Patañjali’s yogic santoṣa niyama (self-cultivated equanimity through disciplined detachment/vairāgya). Paul’s contentment is explicitly Christ-dependent sufficiency (‘through him who strengthens me,’ v.13), not self-generated independence from circumstance. Mandatory translator note connecting 4:11 to 4:13.
Power Of Resurrection Fellowship Of Sufferings
Approved rendering: ಆತನ ಪುನರುತ್ಥಾನದ ಸಾಮರ್ಥ್ಯ ಮತ್ತು ಆತನ ಶ್ರಮೆಗಳ ಅನ್ಯೋನ್ಯತೆ
Transliteration: ātana punarutthānada sāmarthya mattu ātana śramegaḷa anyōnyate
Doctrine: Resurrection of Christ and Believers; Joy in Suffering and Imprisonment
Philippians 3:10. Reuses established ಪುನರುತ್ಥಾನ, ಸಾಮರ್ಥ್ಯ, and ಅನ್ಯೋನ್ಯತೆ exactly. Suffering here is purposeful participation with Christ, not karma-consequence.
Citizenship
Approved rendering: ಪೌರತ್ವ (ಪರಲೋಕದ ಪೌರತ್ವ)
Transliteration: pauratva (paralōkada pauratva)
Doctrine: Citizenship in Heaven
Rejected alternatives: ದೇಶಭಕ್ತಿ
Philippians 1:27; 3:20. Must be taught as a present-tense, secure, and permanent identity, not a future reward-realm one might merit and then eventually leave — as in the Bhagavad Gita’s teaching that even svarga attained through good karma lies within saṃsāra and is eventually exhausted. Also sensitive to contemporary nationalist/political connotations; keep the register civic-relational.
Medium Risk Terms
Peace
Approved rendering: ಶಾಂತಿ
Transliteration: śānti
Doctrine: Peace with God
Rejected alternatives: ಮನಶ್ಶಾಂತಿ
Relational peace with God, not self-cultivated ಮನಶ್ಶಾಂತಿ. Inherited from Romans package; reused exactly for Philippians occurrences (1:2; 4:7,9).
Cosmic Realms
Approved rendering: ಪರಲೋಕದವರೂ ಭೂಲೋಕದವರೂ ಪಾತಾಳದವರೂ
Transliteration: paralōkadavarū bhūlōkadavarū pātāḷadavarū
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ (cosmic scope)
Philippians 2:10. ಪಾತಾಳ names the Puranic netherworld; standard existing Kannada Bible usage, but translator note should clarify this merism names the comprehensive scope of Christ’s authority, not endorsement of Puranic cosmology.
Confidence In Flesh
Approved rendering: ಶರೀರದಲ್ಲಿ ಭರವಸೆ
Transliteration: śarīradalli bharavase
Doctrine: Righteousness by Faith versus the Law
Philippians 3:3-4. Reliance on physical/ethnic/ritual credentials for standing before God; render plainly without importing caste-merit connotations beyond what Paul himself names.
True Circumcision
Approved rendering: ಸುನ್ನತಿ
Transliteration: sunnati
Doctrine: Righteousness by Faith versus the Law; True Worship versus Confidence in the Flesh
Philippians 3:3. Must be clearly marked in this verse as spiritual/covenantal reality by the Spirit, not physical rite, given Paul’s deliberate redefinition.
Dogs Mutilation
Approved rendering: ನಾಯಿಗಳು / ಕೊಯ್ಯುವಿಕೆ
Transliteration: nāyigaḷu / koyyuvike
Doctrine: Warning against False Teachers
Philippians 3:2. Paul’s polemical wordplay against Judaizing opponents (κατατομή vs. περιτομή); no Kannada pun reproduces this exactly — preserve polemical force via translator note.
Partnership In Gospel
Approved rendering: ಸುವಾರ್ತೆಯ ಪಾಲ್ಗೊಳ್ಳುವಿಕೆ
Transliteration: suvārteya pālgoḷḷuvike
Doctrine: Partnership in the Gospel
Philippians 1:5; 4:14-15. Extends baseline ಅನ್ಯೋನ್ಯತೆ with an explicit participation phrase where financial/practical partnership (giving and receiving) is specifically in view, as opposed to general spiritual fellowship.
Overseers
Approved rendering: ಸಭಾಧ್ಯಕ್ಷರು / ಮೇಲ್ವಿಚಾರಕರು
Transliteration: sabhādhyakṣaru / mēlvicārakaru
Doctrine: Church Governance
Rejected alternatives: ಗುರುಗಳು
Philippians 1:1. Must not be assimilated to a temple priesthood role or the Lingayat jaṅgama wandering-teacher office, which imply self-attained spiritual status rather than a recognized, delegated church office.
Deacons
Approved rendering: ಶುಶ್ರೂಷಕರು
Transliteration: śuśrūṣakaru
Doctrine: Church Governance
Rejected alternatives: ಸೇವಕರು
Philippians 1:1. Distinguish from generic social service; a recognized church ministry office.
United In Soul
Approved rendering: ಒಂದೇ ಆತ್ಮದವರಾಗಿ
Transliteration: ondē ātmadavarāgi
Doctrine: Unity and Humility in the Church
Philippians 2:2. Do not render ψυχή here with the Vedantic ātman concept; this is ordinary ‘soul/self’ in the sense of shared disposition, not a metaphysical Self.
Same Mind
Approved rendering: ಒಂದೇ ಮನಸ್ಸುಳ್ಳವರಾಗಿರಿ / ಮನೋಭಾವವುಳ್ಳವರಾಗಿ
Transliteration: ondē manassuḷḷavarāgiri / manōbhāvavuḷḷavarāgi
Doctrine: The Mind of Christ as Shared Disposition; Unity and Humility in the Church
Rejected alternatives: ಅಭಿಪ್ರಾಯ
Recurring key verb (φρονέω, 10x: 1:7; 2:2×2; 2:5; 3:15×2; 3:19; 4:2×2; 4:10). Must consistently use the same ಮನಸ್ಸು/ಮನೋಭಾವ family vocabulary across all occurrences so readers can track Paul’s rhetorical pattern; ಅಭಿಪ್ರಾಯ (‘mere opinion’) is too weak.
Selfish Ambition
Approved rendering: ಸ್ವಾರ್ಥ ಮಹತ್ವಾಕಾಂಕ್ಷೆ
Transliteration: svārtha mahatvākāṅkṣe
Doctrine: Unity and Humility in the Church
Philippians 2:3. Selfish, factional self-seeking, the opposite disposition to the unity Paul calls for.
Vain Conceit
Approved rendering: ವ್ಯರ್ಥ ಹೆಮ್ಮೆ / ಡಂಭ
Transliteration: vyartha hemme / ḍambha
Doctrine: Unity and Humility in the Church
Philippians 2:3. Must not reuse ಮಹಿಮೆ (God’s true glory) for this counterfeit ‘empty glory’ — preserve the letter’s deliberate contrast with Christ’s true, restored glory in 2:9-11.
Affection Compassion
Approved rendering: ಮಮತೆ ಮತ್ತು ಕರುಣೆ
Transliteration: mamate mattu karuṇe
Doctrine: Unity and Humility in the Church; Christian Fellowship
Rejected alternatives: ದಯೆ
Philippians 2:1. Must retain visceral, deep-affection register; ದಯೆ is too mild (mere polite courtesy).
Peace Surpassing Understanding
Approved rendering: ಎಲ್ಲಾ ಗ್ರಹಿಕೆಯನ್ನು ಮೀರಿದ ದೇವರ ಶಾಂತಿ
Transliteration: ellā grahikeyannu mīrida Dēvara śānti
Doctrine: The Peace of God Guarding the Heart
Philippians 4:6-7. Reuses established ಶಾಂತಿ exactly; must be distinguished from ಮನಶ್ಶಾಂತಿ, the inner tranquility sought through bhakti devotion or Lingayat meditative discipline — here it is God’s own gift actively guarding, not a self-cultivated state.
Sacrificial Offering Metaphor
Approved rendering: ಪಾನದ್ರವ್ಯ ಅರ್ಪಣೆ, ಯಜ್ಞ ಮತ್ತು ಸೇವೆ, ಸುವಾಸನೆಯ ಪರಿಮಳ
Transliteration: pānadravya arpaṇe, yajña mattu sēve, suvāsaneya parimaḷa
Doctrine: Generosity and Gospel Giving; Christ-Centered Ministry
Philippians 2:17; 4:18. OT sacrificial-cultic imagery close to Hindu yajña/pūja offering vocabulary familiar to Karnataka readers; flag for native-speaker review and clarify this is a metaphor for costly self-giving in gospel service, not an endorsement of any ritual sacrificial system.
Low Risk Terms
Fellowship
Approved rendering: ಅನ್ಯೋನ್ಯತೆ
Transliteration: anyōnyate
Doctrine: Christian Fellowship
Rejected alternatives: ಸ್ನೇಹ
Shared participation in Christ, not mere social friendship. Inherited from Romans package; reused exactly for Philippians occurrences (1:5; 2:1; 3:10; 4:14,15); extended by the new ‘partnership_in_gospel’ term below where active financial/practical partnership is specifically in view.
Thanksgiving
Approved rendering: ಕೃತಜ್ಞತಾಸ್ತುತಿ
Transliteration: kṛtajñatāstuti
Doctrine: Thanksgiving
Standard term. Inherited from Romans package; reused exactly for Philippians occurrence (4:6).
Exhort
Approved rendering: ಪ್ರೋತ್ಸಾಹಿಸುವುದು
Transliteration: prōtsāhisuvudu
Doctrine: Mutual Edification
Context-sensitive between entreaty and encouragement. Inherited from Romans package; reused exactly for Philippians occurrences (2:1; 4:2).
Comfort Encouragement
Approved rendering: ಪ್ರೋತ್ಸಾಹ / ಆದರಣೆ; ಪ್ರೀತಿಯ ಸಾಂತ್ವನ
Transliteration: prōtsāha / ādaraṇe; prītiya sāntvana
Doctrine: Unity and Humility in the Church
Philippians 2:1. Compatible root with the established ಪ್ರೋತ್ಸಾಹಿಸುವುದು family; grounds the appeal to unity that follows.
Referenced passages